Add the remaining pointer size independent CloudABI socket system calls.

[ed]

Summary

CloudABI uses a structure called cloudabi_sockstat_t. Think of it as
'struct stat' for sockets. It is used by functions such as
getsockname(), getpeername(), some of the getsockopt() values, etc.

This change implements the sock_stat_get() system call that returns a
copy of this structure. The accept() system call should also return a
full copy of this structure eventually, but for now we're only
interested in the peer address. Add a TODO() to make sure this is
patched up later on.

Test Plan

These system calls pass the cloudlibc test suite.