lld does not have built-in search paths (e.g. /lib, /usr/lib) and relies on -L arguments passed by the caller. As the linker is nearly always invoked from the clang driver this is fine other than the fact that /usr/lib/libc.so is an ldscript that refers to libc.so.7 which is in /lib, not /usr/lib.
Address this by leaving the paths in the GROUP entry rather than stripping them out. The paths were originally stripped due to a lack of --sysroot support in ld, fixed by @bdrewery in rS291226.
PR 207980