don't abort writing of a core dump after EFAULT

It's possible to get EFAULT when writing a segment backed by a file
if the segment extends beyond the file.
The core dump could still be useful if we skip the rest of the segment
and proceed to other segements.
The skipped segment (or a portion of it) will be zero-filled.

While there, use 'const' to signify that core_write() only reads the
buffer and use __DECONST before calling vn_rdwr_inchunks() because it
can be used for both reading and writing.

Before the change:
kernel: Failed to write core file for process mmap_trunc_core (error 14)
kernel: pid 77718 (mmap_trunc_core), uid 1001: exited on signal 6

After the change:
kernel: Failed to fully fault in a core file segment at VA 0x800645000 with size 0x4000 to be written at offset 0x29000 for process mmap_trunc_core
kernel: pid 4901 (mmap_trunc_core), uid 1001: exited on signal 6 (core dumped)

Reviewed by: julian, kib
Obtained from: Panzura (older version of the change)
MFC after: 5 days
Sponsored by: Panzura
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D9233