fusefs: enable write clustering

Enable write clustering in fusefs whenever cache mode is set to writeback
and the "async" mount option is used. With default values for MAXPHYS,
DFLTPHYS, and the fuse max_write mount parameter, that means sequential
writes will now be written 128KB at a time instead of 64KB.

Also, add a regression test for PR 238565, a panic during unmount that
probably affects UFS, ext2, and msdosfs as well as fusefs.

PR: 238565
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation