ptrace_test: Add more debug output on test failures

Mostly automatic, using
CHILD_REQUIRE\(([^|&\n]*) == -> CHILD_REQUIRE_EQ_INT($1,
ATF_REQUIRE\(([^|&\n]*) == -> REQUIRE_EQ_INT($1, followed by
git-clang-format -f and then manually checking ones that contain ||/&&.

Test Plan:
Still getting the same failure but now it prints
psr.sr_error (0) == EBADF (9) not met instead of just failing
without printing the values.

PR: 243605
Reviewed By: jhb
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D28887

(cherry picked from commit 96a9e50e63bfcbca7309c012c2c7a477c8826824)