[CodeGen][NFC] Simplify checks for stack protector index checking

Use `hasStackProtectorIndex()` instead of `getStackProtectorIndex()
>= 0`.

[PEI] Don't re-allocate a pre-allocated stack protector slot

The LocalStackSlotPass pre-allocates a stack protector and makes sure
that it comes before the local variables on the stack.

We need to make sure that later during PEI we don't re-allocate a new
stack protector slot. If that happens, the new stack protector slot
will end up being **after** the local variables that it should be
protecting.

Therefore, we would have two slots assigned for two different stack
protectors, one at the top of the stack, and one at the bottom. Since
PEI will overwrite the assigned slot for the stack protector, the
load that is used to compare the value of the stack protector will
use the slot assigned by PEI, which is wrong.

For this, we need to check if the object is pre-allocated, and re-use
that pre-allocated slot.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D64757

[CodeGen] Don't resolve the stack protector frame accesses until PEI

Currently, stack protector loads and stores are resolved during
LocalStackSlotAllocation (if the pass needs to run). When this is the
case, the base register assigned to the frame access is going to be
one of the vregs created during LocalStackSlotAllocation. This means
that we are keeping a pointer to the stack protector slot, and we're
using this pointer to load and store to it.

In case register pressure goes up, we may end up spilling this
pointer to the stack, which can be a security concern.

Instead, leave it to PEI to resolve the frame accesses. In order to
do that, we make all stack protector accesses go through frame index
operands, then PEI will resolve this using an offset from sp/fp/bp.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D64759