libbe(3): move altroot augmentation bits around a little bit

We could perhaps have a method that does this given a dataset, but it's yet
clear that we'll always want to bypass the altroot when we grab the
mountpoint. For now, we'll refactor things a bit so we grab the altroot
length when libbe is initialized and have a common method that does the
necessary augmentation (replace with / if it's the root, return a pointer to
later in the string if not).

This will be used in some upcoming work to make be_mount work properly for
deep BEs.

MFC after: 1 week