libc glob: Avoid pathological exponential behavior

Adapt glob's match() routine to use a greedy algorithm that avoids
exponential runtime in byzantine inputs.

While here, add a testcase for the byzantine input.

Prompted by: https://research.swtch.com/glob
Authored by: Yves Orton <demerphq at gmail.com>
Obtained from: Perl (33252c318625f3c6c89b816ee88481940e3e6f95)
Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon