Synchronize libcxxrt in stable/10 with stable/11.

MFC r284553 (by emaste):

Update libcxxrt upgrade instructions

The typeinfo file no longer exists upstream.

MFC r297299:

Compile libcxxrt as C++11, since it is only really used in combination
with libc++, which is also C++11. Also change one _Static_assert (which
is really C11) back into static_assert, like upstream.

This should help when compiling libcxxrt with newer versions of gcc,
which refuse to recognize any form of static assertions, if not
compiling for C++11 or higher.

While here, add -nostdinc++ to CFLAGS, to prevent picking up any C++
headers outside the source tree.

MFC r299144:

Import libcxxrt master 516a65c109eb0a01e5e95fbef455eb3215135cef.

Interesting fixes:
3adaa2e Fix _Unwind_Exception cleanup functions
286776c Check exception cleanup function ptr before calling
edda626 Correct exception specifications on new and delete operators

MFC r303157 (by emaste):

libcxxrt: add padding in __cxa_allocate_* to fix alignment

The addition of the referenceCount to cxa_allocate_exception put the
unwindHeader at offset 0x58 in cxa_exception, but it requires 16-byte
alignment. In order to avoid changing the current __cxa_exception ABI
(and thus breaking its consumers), add explicit padding in the
allocation routines (and account for it when freeing).

This is intended as a lower-risk change for FreeBSD 11. A "more correct"
fix should be prepared for upstream and -CURRENT.

Reviewed by: dim
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D7271

MFC r305396:

Add _US_ACTION_MASK to libcxxrt's arm-specific unwind header. This
value is used in newer versions of compiler-rt.