Fix an unnecessarily aggressive behavior where mtu clamping begins on first
retransmission timeout (rto) when blackhole detection is enabled. Make
sure it only happens when the second attempt to send the same segment also fails
with rto.

Also make sure that each mtu probing stage (usually 1448 -> 1188 -> 524) follows
the same pattern and gets 2 chances (rto) before further clamping down.

Note: RFC4821 doesn't specify implementation details on how this situation
should be handled.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D3434
Reviewed by: sbruno, gnn (previous version)
MFC after: 2 weeks
Sponsored by: Limelight Networks