sqlite3: Vendor import of sqlite3 3.40.1

Release notes at https://www.sqlite.org/releaselog/3_40_1.html.

Obtained from: https://www.sqlite.org/2022/sqlite-autoconf-3400100.tar.gz

Merge commit 'c728c97f5c838c9a873516c4499e4e1a41788ce7' into main

(cherry picked from commit 5ae830e9bacf120c5ab95d515814e2b815e839a6)