lib/libc/amd64/string: add stpncpy scalar, baseline implementation

This was surprisingly annoying to get right, despite being such a simple
function. A scalar implementation is also provided, it just calls into
our optimised memchr(), memcpy(), and memset() routines to carry out its
job.

I'm quite happy with the performance. glibc only beats us for very long
strings, likely due to the use of AVX-512. The scalar implementation
just calls into our optimised memchr(), memcpy(), and memset() routines,
so it has a high overhead to begin with but then performs ok for the
amount of effort that went into it. Still beats the old C code, except
for very short strings.

Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Tested by: developers@, exp-run
Approved by: mjg
MFC after: 1 month
MFC to: stable/14
PR: 275785
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D42519