sqlite3: Vendor import of sqlite3 3.44.0

Release notes at https://www.sqlite.org/releaselog/3_44_0.html.

Obtained from: https://www.sqlite.org/2023/sqlite-autoconf-3440000.tar.gz

Merge commit '3a88fe13354325b9f56f07927e654de4f5398707'

(cherry picked from commit 7963e4115453c0aa003023386cbbc635de242150)