random(9): Restore historical [0,2^31-1] output range and related man documention.

Commit SVN r364219 / Git 8a0edc914ffd changed random(9) to be a shim around
prng32(9) and inadvertently caused random(9) to begin returning numbers in the
range [0,2^32-1] instead of [0,2^31-1], where the latter has been the documented
range for decades.

The increased output range has been identified as the source of numerous bugs in
code written against the historical output range e.g. ipfw "prob" rules and
stats(3) are known to be affected, and a non-exhaustive audit of the tree
identified other random(9) consumers which are also likely affected.

As random(9) is deprecated and slated for eventual removal in 14.0, consumers
should gradually be audited and migrated to prng(9).

Submitted by: Loic Prylli <lprylli@netflix.com>
Obtained from: Netflix
Reviewed by: cem, delphij, imp
MFC after: 1 day
MFC to: stable/13, releng/13.0
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D29385
Approved by: re (delphij)

(cherry picked from commit dbbf3e3f37d67d3eae0931855f8b62b9b299b80a)