*/*: Repair after switching to versioned Go ports

• Add 1.17 to USES=go for ports that still need go117, remove GO_PORT;
• Add missing ${SETENV} ${MAKE_ENV} to repair BINARY_ALIAS;
• Remove explicit dependencies on lang/go.

PR: 264336
Reviewed by: ygy jwb yuri mikael drtr0jan@yandex.ru decke mat
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D35346