devel/boost-all: Use clang from base for OSVERSION >= 1500017

In https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/commit/?id=bcd401b5a39c I committed a
fix for clang's assertion failures when building recent boost libraries.
I also bumped __FreeBSD_version to 1500017 so this can be detected from
devel/boost-all/compiled.mk.

The fix was also merged to stable/14, with FreeBSD_version 1400509,
and stable/13, with FreeBSD_version 1303502.

Adjust the ranges to use the default llvm port to [1500000..1500017>,
[1400000..1400509>, and [1300000..1303502>.

PR: 277850
Approved by: fluffy (maintainer)
MFH: 2024Q1

(cherry picked from commit 3b8c51bd37b02a367217533a1bf0761655a77570)