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				.\" Copyright (c) 2004-2008 University of Zagreb
				.\" Copyright (c) 2007-2008 FreeBSD Foundation
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				.\" $FreeBSD$
				.\"
				.Dd October 17, 2019
				.Dt NG_PIPE 4
				.Os
				.Sh NAME
				.Nm ng_pipe
				.Nd Traffic manipulating netgraph node type
				.Sh SYNOPSIS
				.In netgraph/ng_pipe.h
				.Sh DESCRIPTION
				The
				.Nm pipe
				node type manipulates traffic by emulating bandwidth and delay, as well as
				random packet losses.
				.Sh HOOKS
				This node type supports the following hooks:
				.Bl -tag -width ".Va upper"
				.It Va upper
				Hook leading to upper layer protocols.
				.It Va lower
				Hook leading to lower layer protocols.
				.El
				.Pp
				Traffic flowing from
				.Va upper
				to
				.Va lower
				is considered
				.Sy downstream
				traffic.
				Traffic flowing from
				.Va lower
				to
				.Va upper
				is considered
				.Sy upstream
				traffic.
				.Sh MODE OF OPERATION
				Data received on a hook - both in upstream and downstream direction -
				is put into an inbound queue.
				If inbound queue is full, discard one frame
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				depending on dropping policy (from the head or from the tail of the
				queue).
				.Pp
				There are three mutually exclusive modes for the input queue:
				.Bl -tag -width foo
				.It Dv "First In First Out (FIFO)"
				A single queue holds packets in chronological order.
				.It Dv Weighted fair queuing (WFQ)
				bruefferUnsubmitted Done Inline Actions superfluous "the" brueffer: superfluous "the"
				There are multiple queues for different traffic flows (based on IPv4
				IPs).
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				The longest queue is truncated if necessary.
				This approach
				assumes that the stalling flow is the flow with the most packets currently
				on hold.
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				.It Dv Deficit Round Robin (DRR)
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				This mode is similar to WFQ, but packets are not taken out in
				strict chronological order.
				In principle oldest packets come first,
				but not too many packets from the same flow.
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				.El
				bruefferUnsubmitted Done Inline Actions much -> many brueffer: much -> many
				.Pp
				It is possible to configure a duplication probability.
				As the dice
				decides, the currently active packet stays in the queue while a copy
				of the packet is sent out.
				Nothing prevents a packet from being
				duplicated multiple times.
				.Pp
				Packets are dropped with an increasing probability depending on the
				size of the packet, if a
				.Va ber
				(bit error rate) is configured.
				.Pp
				Surviving packets are delayed by the time the packet would need to
				travel through a link of the configured bandwidth.
				If this outbound
				bruefferUnsubmitted Done Inline Actions though -> through brueffer: though -> through
				queue is full, the packet is dropped.
				.Sh CONTROL MESSAGES
				This node type supports the generic control messages and the following
				specific messages.
				.Bl -tag -width foo
				.It Dv NGM_PIPE_SET_CFG Pq Ic setcfg
				Set node configuration to the one specified at
				.Vt "struct ng_pipe_cfg"
				bruefferUnsubmitted Done Inline Actions "to the one specified in" brueffer: "to the one specified in"
				.Pp
				Note: To set a value to zero, specify -1 instead.
				This allows omitting configuration values, which should not be
				modified.
				.It Dv NGM_PIPE_GET_CFG Pq Ic getcfg
				Return current node configuration as
				.Vt "struct ng_pipe_cfg"
				.Bd -literal
				struct ng_pipe_cfg {
				u_int64_t bandwidth; /* bits per second */
				u_int64_t delay; /* additional delay, usec */
				u_int32_t header_offset; /* offset of IP header in bytes */
				u_int32_t overhead; /* assumed L2 overhead in bytes */
				struct ng_pipe_hookcfg downstream;
				struct ng_pipe_hookcfg upstream;
				};

				/* Config structure for one hook */
				struct ng_pipe_hookcfg {
				u_int64_t bandwidth; /* bits per second */
				u_int64_t ber; /* errors per 2^48 bits */
				u_int32_t qin_size_limit; /* number of queue items */
				u_int32_t qout_size_limit; /* number of queue items */
				u_int32_t duplicate; /* probability in % */
				u_int32_t fifo; /* 0 = off, 1 = on */
				u_int32_t drr; /* 0 = off, 1 = 2048 bytes, or x bytes */
				u_int32_t wfq; /* 0 = off, 1 = on */
				u_int32_t droptail; /* 0 = off, 1 = on */
				u_int32_t drophead; /* 0 = off, 1 = on */
				};
				.Ed
				.It Dv NGM_PIPE_GET_STATS Pq Ic getstats
				Return node statistics as
				.Vt "struct ng_pipe_stats"
				.Bd -literal
				/* Statistics structure for one hook */
				struct ng_pipe_hookstat {
				u_int64_t fwd_octets;
				u_int64_t fwd_frames;
				u_int64_t in_disc_octets;
				u_int64_t in_disc_frames;
				u_int64_t out_disc_octets;
				u_int64_t out_disc_frames;
				};

				/* Statistics structure returned by NGM_PIPE_GET_STATS */
				struct ng_pipe_stats {
				struct ng_pipe_hookstat downstream;
				struct ng_pipe_hookstat upstream;
				};
				.Ed
				.It Dv NGM_PIPE_CLR_STATS Pq Ic clrstats
				Clear node statistics.
				.It Dv NGM_PIPE_GETCLR_STATS Pq Ic getclrstats
				Atomically return and clear node statistics.
				.It Dv NGM_PIPE_GET_RUN Pq Ic getrun
				Return node statistics as
				.Vt "struct ng_pipe_run"
				.Bd -literal
				/* Runtime structure for one hook */
				struct ng_pipe_hookrun {
				u_int32_t fifo_queues;
				u_int32_t qin_octets;
				u_int32_t qin_frames;
				u_int32_t qout_octets;
				u_int32_t qout_frames;
				};

				/* Runtime structure returned by NGM_PIPE_GET_RUN */
				struct ng_pipe_run {
				struct ng_pipe_hookrun downstream;
				struct ng_pipe_hookrun upstream;
				};
				.Ed
				.El
				.Sh SHUTDOWN
				This node shuts down upon receipt of a
				.Dv NGM_SHUTDOWN
				control message, or when all hooks have been disconnected.
				.Sh EXAMPLES
				Limit outgoing data rate over fxp0 Ethernet interface to 20Mbps in
				fifo mode and incoming to 50kbps in drr mode and 2% duplicate
				probability.
				.Bd -literal -offset indent
				/usr/sbin/ngctl -f- <<-SEQ
				mkpeer fxp0: pipe lower lower
				name fxp0:lower fxp0_pipe
				connect fxp0: fxp0_pipe: upper upper
				msg fxp0_pipe: setcfg { downstream={ bandwidth=20000000 fifo=1 } }
				msg fxp0_pipe: setcfg { upstream={ bandwidth=500000 drr=1 duplicate=2 } }
				SEQ
				.Ed
				.Sh SEE ALSO
				.Xr netgraph 4 ,
				.Xr ngctl 8
				.Sh AUTHORS
				.An Lutz Donnerhacke Aq Mt lutz@donnerhacke.de
				.Pq man page
				.Sh BUGS
				Error handling for memory issues is missing.
				If kernel memory cannot be allocated immediately, a kernel panic will
				be triggered.
				Same happens if an mbuf is fragmented within the transport headers.
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