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diff --git a/tools/boot/boot-test.json b/tools/boot/boot-test.json
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/boot/boot-test.json
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+{
+ "defaults": {
+ "byte_order": "little",
+ "kernconf": "GENERIC",
+ "timeout": 90,
+ "caps": [],
+ "freebsd_version": "15.1",
+ "netboot_nic": "e1000",
+ "netboot_subnet_base": "198.18.0.0",
+ "efi_loaders": ["loader_lua", "loader_4th", "loader_simp", "boot1"]
+ },
+ "arch": {
+ "amd64": {
+ "qemu_bin": "qemu-system-x86_64",
+ "efi_firmware": "/usr/local/share/qemu/edk2-x86_64-code.fd",
+ "efi_bootname": "bootx64",
+ "caps": ["bios", "efi", "linuxboot", "zfs", "mbr", "cd", "netboot"],
+ "bios_loaders": ["lua", "4th", "simp"],
+ "linux_console": "console=ttyS0,115200",
+ "target": "amd64",
+ "target_arch": "amd64",
+ "netboot_ipxe": "/usr/local/share/ipxe/ipxe.efi-x86_64.usb",
+ "netboot_efi_vars": "/usr/local/share/qemu/edk2-i386-vars.fd",
+ "netboot_memdisk": "/usr/local/share/syslinux/bios/memdisk/memdisk",
+ "hints": "sys/amd64/conf/GENERIC.hints"
+ },
+ "aarch64": {
+ "qemu_bin": "qemu-system-aarch64",
+ "qemu_machine": "-machine virt,gic-version=3",
+ "qemu_extra": "-cpu cortex-a57 -smp 4",
+ "efi_firmware": "/usr/local/share/qemu/edk2-aarch64-code.fd",
+ "efi_bootname": "bootaa64",
+ "caps": ["efi", "linuxboot", "zfs", "netboot"],
+ "netboot_nic": "virtio-net-device",
+ "target": "arm64",
+ "target_arch": "aarch64"
+ },
+ "armv7": {
+ "qemu_bin": "qemu-system-arm",
+ "qemu_machine": "-machine virt",
+ "qemu_extra": "-cpu cortex-a15",
+ "efi_firmware": "/usr/local/share/qemu/edk2-arm-code.fd",
+ "efi_bootname": "bootarm",
+ "caps": ["efi", "netboot"],
+ "netboot_nic": "virtio-net-device",
+ "target": "arm",
+ "target_arch": "armv7"
+ },
+ "riscv64": {
+ "qemu_bin": "qemu-system-riscv64",
+ "qemu_machine": "-machine virt",
+ "qemu_extra": "-bios /usr/local/share/opensbi/lp64/generic/firmware/fw_jump.elf -kernel /usr/local/share/u-boot/u-boot-qemu-riscv64/u-boot.bin",
+ "efi_bootname": "bootriscv64",
+ "caps": ["efi", "zfs", "netboot"],
+ "netboot_nic": "virtio-net-device",
+ "target": "riscv",
+ "target_arch": "riscv64"
+ },
+ "powerpc": {
+ "qemu_bin": "qemu-system-ppc",
+ "qemu_machine": "-machine mac99,via=pmu",
+ "qemu_extra": "-vga none -smp 1 -no-reboot",
+ "byte_order": "big",
+ "caps": ["ofw", "cd"],
+ "efi_loaders": [],
+ "target": "powerpc",
+ "target_arch": "powerpc",
+ "freebsd_version": "14.4",
+ "timeout": 180,
+ "disabled": true
+ },
+ "powerpc64": {
+ "qemu_bin": "qemu-system-ppc64",
+ "qemu_machine": "-machine pseries,cap-hpt-max-page-size=16M",
+ "qemu_extra": "-vga none -smp 1 -no-reboot",
+ "byte_order": "big",
+ "caps": ["prep", "cd"],
+ "efi_loaders": [],
+ "target": "powerpc",
+ "target_arch": "powerpc64",
+ "kernconf": "GENERIC64",
+ "timeout": 180
+ },
+ "powerpc64le": {
+ "qemu_bin": "qemu-system-ppc64",
+ "qemu_machine": "-machine pseries,cap-hpt-max-page-size=16M",
+ "qemu_extra": "-vga none -smp 1 -no-reboot",
+ "caps": ["prep", "cd", "linuxboot"],
+ "efi_loaders": [],
+ "linux_console": "console=hvc0",
+ "target": "powerpc",
+ "target_arch": "powerpc64le",
+ "kernconf": "GENERIC64LE",
+ "timeout": 180
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/tools/boot/boot-test.sh b/tools/boot/boot-test.sh
new file mode 100755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/boot/boot-test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,1677 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# boot-test.sh - Automated boot loader regression tests
+#
+# Builds a minimal bootable tree, assembles disk images for all supported boot
+# configurations, then runs each in QEMU with a timeout looking for "SUCCESS".
+#
+# All tests run as an unprivileged user. No root required, with one exception:
+# netboot-bios/netboot-efi need a real tap(4) device + dnsmasq (so DHCP can
+# carry a root-path) instead of QEMU's slirp networking, and both creating a tap
+# and giving it an address require root. That setup runs once (via sudo,
+# prompting interactively) and is left running -- later runs detect the existing
+# setup and skip sudo entirely. Assumes buildworld and buildkernel have already
+# been done for the target architecture.
+#
+# Usage:
+# cd /usr/src/stand && sh ../tools/boot/boot-test.sh [options]
+#
+# Options:
+# -a ARCH Architecture to test; repeat -a to test several
+# (default: host arch)
+# Supported: amd64, aarch64, armv7, riscv64, powerpc, powerpc64,
+# powerpc64le
+# -A Test every supported architecture
+# -b Skip build/install phase (reuse existing tree)
+# -B Skip build/install and image creation (reuse existing images)
+# -l Tell us the log directory and exit
+# -j JOBS Max parallel QEMU instances (default: unlimited)
+# -o DIR Output directory for images and logs
+# -t REGEX Only run tests matching REGEX
+# -T SECONDS QEMU timeout (default: per-arch, 60; 180 for powerpc64)
+# --netboot-teardown
+# Destroy the tap(4)/dnsmasq netboot setup (run with sudo)
+
+set -e
+
+die() {
+ echo "FATAL: $*" >&2
+ exit 1
+}
+
+# FreeBSD port package (origin) that provides a command or file; "" = base
+# system.
+pkg_for() {
+ case "$1" in
+ jq) echo textproc/jq ;;
+ expect) echo lang/expect ;;
+ qemu-system-*) echo emulators/qemu ;;
+ *ipxe*) echo sysutils/ipxe ;;
+ *syslinux*|*memdisk*) echo sysutils/syslinux ;;
+ *edk2*) echo emulators/qemu ;; # edk2-*.fd ship with qemu
+ *) echo "" ;; # makefs/mkimg etc. = base
+ esac
+}
+
+# Hard requirement: a command that must be in PATH, else abort naming the pkg.
+need_cmd() {
+ which "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 0
+ p=$(pkg_for "$1")
+ [ -n "${p}" ] && die "$1 not found; install with: pkg install ${p##*/}"
+ die "$1 not found (expected in the base system)"
+}
+
+# Optional requirement: a file for a feature; warn + skip (return 1) if absent.
+have_file() {
+ [ -e "$1" ] && return 0
+ p=$(pkg_for "$1")
+ echo " WARNING: $1 missing${p:+; pkg install ${p##*/}} -- skipping" >&2
+ return 1
+}
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Architecture configuration
+#
+# Per-arch parameters live in boot-test.json, as an arch object merged over a
+# "defaults" object. Arrays are expanded to a space separated list. Missing
+# values default to an empty string. ARCH_CAPS is a cached copy of the
+# capabilities array for the architecture. TARGET and TARGET_ARCH are cached due
+# to heavy use. Other parameters are fetched as needed as their use is
+# infrequent.
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Test whether the current arch declares a capability, e.g. "has efi".
+has() {
+ case " ${ARCH_CAPS} " in
+ *" $1 "*) return 0 ;;
+ esac
+ return 1
+}
+
+# Fetch the named parameter for this $ARCH.
+param() {
+ jq -r --arg a "${ARCH}" --arg k "$1" '
+ (.defaults + .arch[$a])[$k] as $v
+ | if ($v | type) == "array" then $v | join(" ")
+ elif $v == null then ""
+ else $v end
+ ' "${CONF}"
+}
+
+# Validate ${ARCH} and cache the parameters that are heavily used in global
+# variables.
+load_arch_config() {
+ jq -e --arg a "${ARCH}" '.arch | has($a)' "${CONF}" >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+ || die "Unknown architecture: ${ARCH}"
+ ARCH_CAPS=$(param caps)
+ TARGET=$(param target)
+ TARGET_ARCH=$(param target_arch)
+}
+
+# Derive every per-arch value for ${1} into the ARCH_*/TARGET/OUTDIR/... globals.
+# Callers isolate architectures via subshells (build) or job backgrounding (run)
+# -- both snapshot these globals -- so they never collide across arches, and we
+# never have to pass the whole bundle around.
+setup_arch_env() {
+ ARCH=$1
+ load_arch_config
+ TIMEOUT=${TIMEOUT_OVERRIDE:-$(param timeout)}
+ MK="make TARGET=${TARGET} TARGET_ARCH=${TARGET_ARCH}"
+ ARCH_OBJDIR=$(${MK} -v .OBJDIR)
+ [ -n "${ARCH_OBJDIR}" ] || die "Cannot determine OBJDIR for ${ARCH}"
+ OUTDIR=${OUTDIR_OVERRIDE:-${ARCH_OBJDIR}/boot-test}
+ IMGDIR=${OUTDIR}/images
+ LOGDIR=${OUTDIR}/logs
+ DESTDIR=${OUTDIR}/tree
+ TESTLIST=${OUTDIR}/test-list.txt
+ mkdir -p ${IMGDIR} ${LOGDIR}
+}
+
+# --- Configuration ---
+
+SKIP_BUILD=false
+SKIP_IMAGES=false
+TEST_FILTER=""
+MAX_JOBS=0
+OUTDIR_OVERRIDE="" # from -o; only valid with a single arch
+TIMEOUT_OVERRIDE="" # from -T; else each arch's param timeout
+ARCHES="" # from -a (repeatable) / -A; defaults to $(uname -p)
+ALL=false
+
+# State shared by tap(4)/dnsmasq netboot networking (see netboot_network_setup /
+# netboot_helper below). Key off user's ID to allow multiple people to
+# run the script at the same time.
+NETBOOT_STATE_DIR=${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/boot-test-net.${SUDO_UID:-$(id -u)}
+
+# --netboot-helper/--netboot-teardown are internal entry points used to run
+# privileged setup/teardown via sudo (see netboot_network_setup); they bypass
+# normal option parsing and are dispatched once every function is defined, in
+# the Main section at the bottom of this script.
+NETBOOT_MODE=""
+case "$1" in
+ --netboot-helper) NETBOOT_MODE=helper; NETBOOT_HELPER_PLAN=$2 ;;
+ --netboot-teardown) NETBOOT_MODE=teardown ;;
+esac
+
+do_report_dirs=false
+if [ -z "${NETBOOT_MODE}" ]; then
+ while getopts "a:AbBlj:o:t:T:" opt; do
+ case "$opt" in
+ a) ARCHES="${ARCHES} $OPTARG" ;;
+ A) ALL=true ;;
+ b) SKIP_BUILD=true ;;
+ B) SKIP_BUILD=true; SKIP_IMAGES=true ;;
+ j) MAX_JOBS="$OPTARG" ;;
+ l) do_report_dirs=true ;;
+ o) OUTDIR_OVERRIDE="$OPTARG" ;;
+ t) TEST_FILTER="$OPTARG" ;;
+ T) TIMEOUT_OVERRIDE="$OPTARG" ;;
+ ?) echo "Usage: $0 [-a arch]... | -A] [-b] [-B] [-t regex] [-T secs] [-j jobs] [-o dir]" >&2
+ exit 1 ;;
+ esac
+ done
+
+ # Resolve the config file next to this script before we cd elsewhere.
+ CONF="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)/boot-test.json"
+ [ -f "${CONF}" ] || die "Config file not found: ${CONF}"
+
+ SRCTOP=$(make -v SRCTOP) || die "Run from stand/ directory in a FreeBSD source tree"
+ cd ${SRCTOP}/stand
+
+ # Build the architecture list from json. Partially supported architectures
+ # are omitted from -A, but accessible with a direct -a.
+ if ${ALL}; then
+ for a in $(jq -r '.arch | keys_unsorted[]' "${CONF}"); do
+ if [ $(jq ".arch.${a}.disabled" "${CONF}") != "true" ]; then
+ ARCHES="$ARCHES $a"
+ fi
+ done
+ fi
+ [ -n "${ARCHES}" ] || ARCHES=$(uname -p)
+
+ # -o names one output directory, so it only makes sense for a single arch.
+ if [ -n "${OUTDIR_OVERRIDE}" ] && [ $(echo ${ARCHES} | wc -w) -gt 1 ]; then
+ die "-o cannot be combined with multiple architectures"
+ fi
+fi
+
+# The smallest FAT32 filesystem is 33292 KB
+espsize=33292
+
+# Linux kernel version for linuxboot tests
+LINUX_VERSION=6.18.2
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# QEMU command builders
+#
+# qemu_base wraps the constant bits -- binary, memory, machine, per-arch extra
+# flags, and the -nographic/serial tail -- around the device arguments each
+# specific builder passes in (disks, CDs, firmware, bios).
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+qemu_base() {
+ echo "$(param qemu_bin) -m 1g $(param qemu_machine) $(param qemu_extra) $* -nographic -monitor none -serial stdio"
+}
+
+# -drive for the EFI firmware pflash; empty when the arch has no separate
+# firmware (e.g. riscv64's u-boot payload).
+qemu_efi_firmware() {
+ [ -z "$(param efi_firmware)" ] && return 0
+ echo "-drive file=$(param efi_firmware),format=raw,if=pflash,readonly=on"
+}
+
+# Custom OpenBIOS cached beside the ISOs, if present (QEMU's bundled one is
+# missing fixes we need for now); empty otherwise.
+qemu_ofw_bios() {
+ [ -f "${ISODIR}/openbios-ppc" ] || return 0
+ echo "-bios ${ISODIR}/openbios-ppc"
+}
+
+qemu_bios() { qemu_base "-drive file=$1,format=raw"; }
+qemu_efi() { qemu_base "$(qemu_efi_firmware) -drive file=$1,format=raw"; }
+qemu_bios_cdrom() { qemu_base "-cdrom $1"; }
+qemu_efi_cdrom() { qemu_base "$(qemu_efi_firmware) -cdrom $1"; }
+
+# OFW disk on the default (macio IDE) bus: OpenBIOS aliases it "hd" and
+# auto-probes hd:,\\:tbxi for the Apple_Bootstrap (boot1.hfs) partition.
+# virtio disks are not reachable as "hd", so OF finds nothing and drops to "0 >".
+qemu_ofw() { qemu_base "$(qemu_ofw_bios) -drive file=$1,format=raw"; }
+# -boot d boots the (macio IDE) CD-ROM, which OpenBIOS probes cd:,\\:tbxi.
+qemu_ofw_cdrom() { qemu_base "$(qemu_ofw_bios) -boot d -cdrom $1"; }
+
+# pseries PReP disk boot: virtio-blk (vtbd0), matching freebsd-ci; SLOF finds
+# the PReP boot partition on it and runs boot1.elf.
+qemu_prep() { qemu_base "-drive if=none,file=$1,format=raw,id=hd0 -device virtio-blk,drive=hd0"; }
+# pseries CD boot: SLOF boots the El Torito CHRP image; -boot d selects the CD.
+qemu_prep_cdrom() { qemu_base "-cdrom $1 -boot d"; }
+
+# Direct linuxboot: hand the Linux kernel and initrd to QEMU on the command
+# line (-kernel/-initrd) rather than off an ESP. Used by platforms with no
+# EFI/ESP (e.g. powerpc64le/pseries); the FreeBSD root disk is attached the
+# same way as every other test.
+qemu_linuxboot() {
+ extra="-kernel $2 -initrd $3"
+ [ -n "$(param linux_console)" ] && extra="${extra} -append $(param linux_console)"
+ qemu_base "${extra} -drive file=$1,format=raw"
+}
+
+# Netboot over $1 -- vmnet(4): dnsmasq owns DHCP/TFTP/root-path, which we use so
+# we use tftp, not NFS, for all the files. QEMU's netdev type is still "tap" (it
+# treats vmnet(4) and tap(4) identically). $2 = bios|efi (efi adds the pflash
+# firmware; bios relies on the NIC's PXE option ROM).
+qemu_netboot() {
+ netif=$1
+ fw=""
+ [ "$2" = efi ] && fw="$(qemu_efi_firmware)"
+ qemu_base "${fw} -netdev tap,id=net0,ifname=${netif},script=no,downscript=no -device $(param netboot_nic),netdev=net0 -boot n"
+}
+
+# RAM-disk netboot (x86 EFI). Boots iPXE from -hda (edk2's own PXE is disabled
+# via fw_cfg); iPXE DHCPs, fetches the bootfile (an iPXE script) over TFTP, and
+# chains loader.efi with memdisk=<url>. The loader downloads that image and
+# boots it entirely from RAM -- no NFS and no DHCP root-path needed. Mirrors
+# ~/memdisk/do-memddisk-efi. ${OUTDIR}/netboot-vars.fd is a writable edk2 vars
+# copy made by assemble_netboot.
+#
+# We'll need to to http boots in the future, and that will likely require
+# we don't use the ipxe USB path we use here. We use that because Tianocore
+# expects http/https booting when the obvious '-boot n' sort of things
+# are used.
+qemu_netboot_ramdisk() {
+ netif=$1
+ echo "$(param qemu_bin) -M q35 -cpu max -m 2g \
+ -drive if=pflash,format=raw,readonly=on,file=$(param efi_firmware) \
+ -drive if=pflash,format=raw,file=${OUTDIR}/netboot-vars.fd \
+ -hda ${OUTDIR}/netboot-ipxe.img \
+ -device virtio-net,netdev=net0 \
+ -netdev tap,id=net0,ifname=${netif},script=no,downscript=no \
+ -fw_cfg name=opt/org.tianocore/IPv4PXESupport,string=no \
+ -fw_cfg name=opt/org.tianocore/IPv6PXESupport,string=no \
+ -nographic -monitor none -serial stdio"
+}
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Phase 0: Extract minimal userland from release ISO
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Binaries needed for a minimal bootable userland.
+# Libraries are inferred from these via ldd on the host equivalents.
+USERLAND_BINS="sbin/fastboot sbin/halt sbin/init bin/sh sbin/sysctl"
+
+ISODIR=${HOME}/iso
+
+find_iso() {
+ local isotgt=${TARGET}
+ [ ${TARGET} != ${TARGET_ARCH} ] && isotgt="${isotgt}-${TARGET_ARCH}"
+ local isoname="${ISODIR}/FreeBSD-$(param freebsd_version)-RELEASE-${isotgt}-disc1.iso.xz"
+ [ -f "${isoname}" ] && echo "${isoname}" && return
+ die "No ISO found for ${ARCH}: ${isoname} not found"
+}
+
+install_minimal_userland() {
+ # Split the declaration from the assignment: `local iso=$(find_iso)` would
+ # swallow find_iso's exit status (local returns 0), so its die() -- which
+ # runs in the $() subshell -- would not stop this script.
+ local iso
+ iso=$(find_iso) || exit 1
+ echo " Extracting minimal userland from release ISO ${iso}..."
+
+ # Determine library paths from host equivalents of our binaries
+ local host_bins=""
+ for b in ${USERLAND_BINS}; do
+ host_bins="${host_bins} /${b}"
+ done
+ lib_paths=$(ldd ${host_bins} 2>/dev/null \
+ | awk 'NF == 4 { print $3 }' | sort -u)
+
+ # Build the list of paths to extract: binaries + libraries + rtld
+ local extract_list=""
+ for b in ${USERLAND_BINS}; do
+ extract_list="${extract_list} ./${b}"
+ done
+ for l in ${lib_paths}; do
+ extract_list="${extract_list} .${l}"
+ done
+ extract_list="${extract_list} ./libexec/ld-elf.so.1"
+
+ # Some architectures (e.g., armv7) need libgcc_s.so.1 even though the host
+ # binaries don't. Always try to extract it. We'll ignore it if not there.
+ extract_list="${extract_list} ./lib/libgcc_s.so.1"
+
+ # Extract the files from the tarball.
+ tar -C ${DESTDIR} -xf ${iso} ${extract_list} \
+ >> ${LOGDIR}/installuserland.log 2>&1 || true
+}
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Phase 1: Build the boot tree
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+build_tree() {
+ echo "=== Phase 1: Building boot tree ==="
+
+ rm -rf ${DESTDIR}
+ mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}/boot/defaults
+ mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}/boot/kernel
+ mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}/boot/uboot
+ mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}/sbin ${DESTDIR}/bin \
+ ${DESTDIR}/lib ${DESTDIR}/libexec \
+ ${DESTDIR}/etc ${DESTDIR}/dev
+
+ # Install kernel
+ # I'd prefer this to be MINIMAL, but GENERIC is needed until I work out what
+ # different devices we boot from...
+ (cd ${SRCTOP} && ${MK} installkernel \
+ KERNCONF=$(param kernconf) \
+ MODULES_OVERRIDE="ufs zfs acl_nfs4 crypto zlib cd9660" \
+ DESTDIR=${DESTDIR} \
+ MK_KERNEL_SYMBOLS=no \
+ MK_INSTALL_AS_USER=yes) > ${LOGDIR}/installkernel.log 2>&1 \
+ || die "Kernel install failed (see ${LOGDIR}/installkernel.log)"
+
+ # Install boot loaders
+ ${MK} buildenv \
+ DESTDIR=${DESTDIR} \
+ MK_MAN=no \
+ MK_INSTALL_AS_USER=yes \
+ MK_DEBUG_FILES=no \
+ BUILDENV_SHELL="make all install" \
+ >> ${LOGDIR}/installloader.log 2>&1 \
+ || die "Boot loader install failed (see ${LOGDIR}/installloader.log)"
+
+ # Install minimal userland (works for both native and cross builds)
+ install_minimal_userland
+
+ # Remove default loader symlinks -- we add them back per-image via
+ # mtree overlays to test each loader variant individually.
+ # /boot/loader is the BIOS stage-3 (amd64 only).
+ # /boot/loader.efi is what boot1.efi chainloads (all EFI platforms).
+ # OFW/PReP are the exception: their /boot/loader is the one real loader
+ # (no lua/4th/simp variants are built), chainloaded by boot1.hfs (mac99)
+ # or boot1.elf (pseries PReP), so keep it in the tree.
+ has ofw || has prep || rm -f ${DESTDIR}/boot/loader
+ rm -f ${DESTDIR}/boot/loader.efi
+
+ # Serial console configuration. boot.config is consumed only by the
+ # BIOS boot blocks; its -h/-D/-S flags are meaningless on EFI/OFW, so
+ # only write it where BIOS booting is supported.
+ if has bios; then
+ echo -h -D -S115200 > ${DESTDIR}/boot.config
+ fi
+ # Unified loader.conf: always load ufs, zfs, and cd9660
+ cat > ${DESTDIR}/boot/loader.conf <<EOF
+boot_serial=YES
+comconsole_speed=115200
+autoboot_delay=1
+ufs_load="YES"
+zfs_load="YES"
+cd9660_load="YES"
+EOF
+ local hints=$(param hints)
+ if [ -n "${hints}" ] && [ -f "${SRCTOP}/${hints}" ]; then
+ cp "${SRCTOP}/${hints}" ${DESTDIR}/boot/device.hints
+ fi
+
+ # Test /etc/rc - prints success and halts
+ cat > ${DESTDIR}/etc/rc <<'RCEOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+
+sysctl machdep.bootmethod
+echo "RC COMMAND RUNNING -- SUCCESS!!!!!"
+halt -p
+RCEOF
+ chmod +x ${DESTDIR}/etc/rc
+
+ # Create fstab used by UFS mtree overlays
+ cat > ${OUTDIR}/fstab.ufs <<EOF
+/dev/ufs/root / ufs rw 1 1
+EOF
+ # Create fstab used by CD mtree overlays
+ cat > ${OUTDIR}/fstab.cd <<EOF
+/dev/iso9660/FBSDTEST / cd9660 ro 0 0
+EOF
+
+ echo "Boot tree built in ${DESTDIR}"
+}
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Phase 2: Create base filesystem images
+#
+# Uses mtree overlays to vary the /boot/loader and /etc/fstab
+# without copying the tree. The base tree has no /boot/loader or
+# /etc/fstab; each image adds what it needs via an mtree spec file
+# passed as a second source to makefs.
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Create a UFS image with a specific loader variant via mtree overlay
+make_one_ufs() {
+ variant=$1
+ img=${IMGDIR}/bootable-ufs-${variant}.img
+ mt=$(mktemp ${OUTDIR}/ufs-mtree.XXXXXX)
+
+ echo " Creating UFS image with loader_${variant}..."
+ echo "./etc/fstab type=file mode=0644 contents=${OUTDIR}/fstab.ufs" > ${mt}
+ # BIOS: /boot/loader -> loader_<variant>
+ if [ -n "$(param bios_loaders)" ]; then
+ echo "./boot/loader type=file mode=0644 contents=${DESTDIR}/boot/loader_${variant}" >> ${mt}
+ fi
+ # OFW: boot1.hfs chainloads the single /boot/loader already in the
+ # tree (no per-variant overlay needed).
+ # EFI: /boot/loader.efi -> loader_<variant>.efi (needed for boot1.efi chainload)
+ if has efi; then
+ echo "./boot/loader.efi type=file mode=0755 contents=${DESTDIR}/boot/loader_${variant}.efi" >> ${mt}
+ fi
+ makefs -t ffs -B $(param byte_order) -M 10m -o label=root -o version=2 \
+ ${img} ${mt} ${DESTDIR} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+ rm -f ${mt}
+}
+
+# Create a ZFS image with a specific loader variant via mtree overlay
+make_one_zfs() {
+ variant=$1
+ img=${IMGDIR}/bootable-zfs-${variant}.img
+ mt=$(mktemp ${OUTDIR}/zfs-mtree.XXXXXX)
+
+ echo " Creating ZFS image with loader_${variant}..."
+ > ${mt}
+ # BIOS: /boot/loader -> loader_<variant>
+ if [ -n "$(param bios_loaders)" ]; then
+ echo "./boot/loader type=link link=loader_${variant}" >> ${mt}
+ fi
+ # OFW: boot1.hfs chainloads the single /boot/loader already in the
+ # tree (no per-variant overlay needed).
+ # EFI: /boot/loader.efi -> loader_<variant>.efi (needed for boot1.efi chainload)
+ if has efi; then
+ echo "./boot/loader.efi type=file mode=0755 contents=${DESTDIR}/boot/loader_${variant}.efi" >> ${mt}
+ fi
+ makefs -t zfs -s 100m \
+ -o poolname=ztestroot -o bootfs=ztestroot -o rootpath=/ \
+ ${img} ${mt} ${DESTDIR} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+ rm -f ${mt}
+}
+
+# Create an ESP with the given EFI loader using an mtree spec
+make_one_esp() {
+ loader_name=$1
+ esp=${IMGDIR}/${loader_name}.esp
+ mt=$(mktemp ${OUTDIR}/esp-mtree.XXXXXX)
+
+ echo " Creating ESP with ${loader_name}.efi..."
+ cat > ${mt} <<EOF
+./efi type=dir uname=root gname=wheel mode=0755
+./efi/boot type=dir uname=root gname=wheel mode=0755
+./efi/boot/$(param efi_bootname).efi type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0755 contents=${DESTDIR}/boot/${loader_name}.efi
+EOF
+ makefs -t msdos \
+ -o fat_type=32 \
+ -o sectors_per_cluster=1 \
+ -o volume_label=EFISYS \
+ -s ${espsize}k \
+ ${esp} ${mt} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+ rm -f ${mt}
+}
+
+# Create a small ESP for CD hybrid boot using an mtree spec
+make_cd_esp() {
+ file=$1
+ loader=$2
+ mt=$(mktemp ${OUTDIR}/cd-esp-mtree.XXXXXX)
+
+ cat > ${mt} <<EOF
+./efi type=dir uname=root gname=wheel mode=0755
+./efi/boot type=dir uname=root gname=wheel mode=0755
+./efi/boot/$(param efi_bootname).efi type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0755 contents=${loader}
+EOF
+ makefs -t msdos \
+ -o fat_type=12 \
+ -o sectors_per_cluster=1 \
+ -o volume_label=EFISYS \
+ -s 2048k \
+ ${file} ${mt} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+ rm -f ${mt}
+}
+
+# Find the pre-built Linux kernel EFI binary for linuxboot
+find_linux_kernel() {
+ target_arch=$(${MK} -v TARGET_ARCH)
+ linuxboot_dir=${ARCH_OBJDIR}/../../linuxboot/data/output
+
+ # amd64 has .efi suffix, others don't
+ for f in \
+ ${linuxboot_dir}/${target_arch}.linux.v${LINUX_VERSION}.efi \
+ ${linuxboot_dir}/${target_arch}.linux.v${LINUX_VERSION} \
+ ${linuxboot_dir}/${target_arch}.v${LINUX_VERSION}.efi \
+ ${linuxboot_dir}/${target_arch}.v${LINUX_VERSION}; do
+ if [ -f "$f" ]; then
+ echo "$f"
+ return
+ fi
+ done
+ return 1
+}
+
+# Build a linuxboot initrd using tar --format newc with an mtree spec.
+# No root/sudo required -- device nodes are written directly into the
+# cpio archive via mtree type=char entries.
+make_linuxboot_initrd() {
+ initrd=${IMGDIR}/linuxboot-initrd.cpio.gz
+ mt=$(mktemp ${OUTDIR}/initrd-mtree.XXXXXX)
+
+ echo " Creating linuxboot initrd..."
+
+ # Build mtree spec for the initrd contents
+ cat > ${mt} <<EOF
+./init type=file mode=0755 contents=${DESTDIR}/boot/loader.kboot
+./dev type=dir mode=0755
+./dev/console type=char mode=0600 device=freebsd,5,0
+./dev/tty type=char mode=0600 device=freebsd,5,1
+./dev/ttyS0 type=char mode=0600 device=freebsd,4,64
+./boot type=dir mode=0755
+./boot/defaults type=dir mode=0755
+./boot/defaults/loader.conf type=file mode=0644 contents=${DESTDIR}/boot/defaults/loader.conf
+./boot/lua type=dir mode=0755
+EOF
+
+ # Add all lua files
+ for f in ${DESTDIR}/boot/lua/*.lua; do
+ [ -f "$f" ] || continue
+ bn=$(basename $f)
+ echo "./boot/lua/${bn} type=file mode=0644 contents=$f" >> ${mt}
+ done
+
+ # Add loader.help.kboot if present
+ if [ -f "${DESTDIR}/boot/loader.help.kboot" ]; then
+ echo "./boot/loader.help.kboot type=file mode=0644 contents=${DESTDIR}/boot/loader.help.kboot" >> ${mt}
+ fi
+
+ # Create the kboot-specific loader.conf
+ kboot_conf=$(mktemp ${OUTDIR}/kboot-loader-conf.XXXXXX)
+ cat > ${kboot_conf} <<EOF
+# Kboot configuration -- FreeBSD ${ARCH}
+boot_serial="YES"
+EOF
+ if [ "${ARCH}" = "amd64" ]; then
+ cat >> ${kboot_conf} <<EOF
+hw.uart.console="io:1016,br:115200"
+EOF
+ fi
+ echo "./boot/loader.conf type=file mode=0644 contents=${kboot_conf}" >> ${mt}
+
+ # Create the initrd as a gzip-compressed newc cpio archive
+ tar --format newc -cf - @${mt} 2>> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log | \
+ gzip > ${initrd}
+
+ rm -f ${mt} ${kboot_conf}
+}
+
+# Build a linuxboot ESP containing the Linux kernel, initrd, and startup.nsh
+make_linuxboot_esp() {
+ linux_kernel=$1
+ esp=${IMGDIR}/linuxboot.esp
+ mt=$(mktemp ${OUTDIR}/linuxboot-esp-mtree.XXXXXX)
+
+ echo " Creating linuxboot ESP..."
+
+ # Generate startup.nsh
+ startup=${OUTDIR}/startup.nsh
+ cat > ${startup} <<EOF
+\\linux.efi $(param linux_console) initrd=\\initrd
+EOF
+
+ cat > ${mt} <<EOF
+./startup.nsh type=file mode=0644 contents=${startup}
+./linux.efi type=file mode=0755 contents=${linux_kernel}
+./initrd type=file mode=0644 contents=${IMGDIR}/linuxboot-initrd.cpio.gz
+EOF
+ makefs -t msdos \
+ -o fat_type=32 \
+ -o sectors_per_cluster=1 \
+ -o volume_label=EFISYS \
+ -s 100m \
+ ${esp} ${mt} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+ rm -f ${mt}
+}
+
+make_base_images() {
+ echo "=== Phase 2: Creating base filesystem images ==="
+
+ # UFS images - one per BIOS loader variant, plus one for EFI (uses lua)
+ if [ -n "$(param bios_loaders)" ]; then
+ for v in $(param bios_loaders); do
+ make_one_ufs $v
+ done
+ else
+ # EFI-only arches still need one UFS image
+ make_one_ufs lua
+ fi
+
+ # ZFS images (if supported)
+ if has zfs; then
+ if [ -n "$(param bios_loaders)" ]; then
+ for v in $(param bios_loaders); do
+ make_one_zfs $v
+ done
+ else
+ make_one_zfs lua
+ fi
+ fi
+
+ # ESP images (if EFI is supported)
+ if has efi; then
+ for l in $(param efi_loaders); do
+ make_one_esp $l
+ done
+ fi
+
+ # Linuxboot initrd + ESP (if supported and Linux kernel is available)
+ if has linuxboot; then
+ linux_kernel=$(find_linux_kernel) || true
+ if [ -n "${linux_kernel}" ]; then
+ make_linuxboot_initrd
+ # EFI arches chainload the kernel+initrd off an ESP; platforms
+ # without EFI hand them to QEMU directly (-kernel/-initrd), so
+ # they need no ESP.
+ has efi && make_linuxboot_esp ${linux_kernel}
+ else
+ echo " WARNING: Linux kernel not found for linuxboot, skipping"
+ echo " Expected in: ${ARCH_OBJDIR}/../../linuxboot/data/output/"
+ fi
+ fi
+
+ echo "Base images created in ${IMGDIR}"
+}
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Phase 3: Assemble disk images and register tests
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Test registration - uses temp files since /bin/sh doesn't have arrays.
+# ${TESTLIST} and ${OUTDIR} are set per-arch by setup_arch_env; the list is
+# truncated in build_all before each arch's images are (re)assembled.
+register_test() {
+ name=$1
+ shift
+ echo "$*" > ${OUTDIR}/test-cmd-${name}.sh
+ echo "${name}" >> ${TESTLIST}
+}
+
+# Like register_test, but for tests that need a real tap(4) interface
+# (assigned later by netboot_network_setup, once every arch is built) instead
+# of QEMU's slirp net. The command is written out now with a placeholder tap
+# name; netboot_network_setup patches it in once the tap is assigned.
+# ${NETBOOT_PLAN} accumulates across every arch (unlike ${TESTLIST}, it is not
+# truncated per-arch), so it must already exist by the time build_all runs --
+# see Main. $5 optionally names a different command builder than the default
+# qemu_netboot (e.g. qemu_netboot_ramdisk) -- it's always called as
+# "builder __NETBOOT_TAP__ ${fw}", so a non-default builder that doesn't need
+# ${fw} just ignores its second arg.
+register_netboot_test() {
+ name=$1
+ tftpdir=$2
+ bootfile=$3
+ fw=$4
+ builder=${5:-qemu_netboot}
+ cmdfile=${OUTDIR}/test-cmd-${name}.sh
+ echo "$(${builder} __NETBOOT_TAP__ ${fw})" > ${cmdfile}
+ echo "${name}" >> ${TESTLIST}
+ echo "${cmdfile} ${tftpdir} ${bootfile}" >> ${NETBOOT_PLAN}
+}
+
+assemble_efi_gpt() {
+ echo " Assembling EFI+GPT images..."
+ for loader in $(param efi_loaders); do
+ esp=${IMGDIR}/${loader}.esp
+ fstypes="ufs"
+ has zfs && fstypes="ufs zfs"
+ for fs in ${fstypes}; do
+ name="efi-gpt-${fs}-${loader}"
+ img=${IMGDIR}/${name}.img
+
+ # For EFI, the stage-3 in the filesystem doesn't matter, use lua variant
+ case ${fs} in
+ ufs) fsimg=${IMGDIR}/bootable-ufs-lua.img; ptype="freebsd-ufs" ;;
+ zfs) fsimg=${IMGDIR}/bootable-zfs-lua.img; ptype="freebsd-zfs" ;;
+ esac
+
+ mkimg -s gpt \
+ -p efi:=${esp} \
+ -p ${ptype}:=${fsimg} \
+ -o ${img} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+
+ register_test ${name} $(qemu_efi ${img})
+ done
+ done
+}
+
+assemble_efi_mbr() {
+ echo " Assembling EFI+MBR images..."
+ for loader in $(param efi_loaders); do
+ esp=${IMGDIR}/${loader}.esp
+ name="efi-mbr-ufs-${loader}"
+ img=${IMGDIR}/${name}.img
+ ufs=${IMGDIR}/bootable-ufs-lua.img
+
+ mkimg -s bsd -p freebsd-ufs:=${ufs} -o ${img}.s2 >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+ mkimg -a 1 -s mbr -p efi:=${esp} -p freebsd:=${img}.s2 -o ${img} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+ rm -f ${img}.s2
+
+ register_test ${name} $(qemu_efi ${img})
+ done
+}
+
+assemble_bios_gpt() {
+ echo " Assembling BIOS+GPT images..."
+ for variant in $(param bios_loaders); do
+ # UFS
+ name="bios-gpt-ufs-loader_${variant}"
+ img=${IMGDIR}/${name}.img
+ ufs=${IMGDIR}/bootable-ufs-${variant}.img
+
+ mkimg -s gpt -b ${DESTDIR}/boot/pmbr \
+ -p freebsd-boot:=${DESTDIR}/boot/gptboot \
+ -p freebsd-ufs:=${ufs} \
+ -o ${img} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+
+ register_test ${name} $(qemu_bios ${img})
+
+ # ZFS
+ if has zfs; then
+ name="bios-gpt-zfs-loader_${variant}"
+ img=${IMGDIR}/${name}.img
+ zfs=${IMGDIR}/bootable-zfs-${variant}.img
+
+ mkimg -s gpt -b ${DESTDIR}/boot/pmbr \
+ -p freebsd-boot:=${DESTDIR}/boot/gptzfsboot \
+ -p freebsd-zfs:=${zfs} \
+ -o ${img} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+
+ register_test ${name} $(qemu_bios ${img})
+ fi
+ done
+}
+
+assemble_bios_mbr() {
+ echo " Assembling BIOS+MBR images..."
+ for variant in $(param bios_loaders); do
+ name="bios-mbr-ufs-loader_${variant}"
+ img=${IMGDIR}/${name}.img
+ ufs=${IMGDIR}/bootable-ufs-${variant}.img
+
+ mkimg -s bsd -b ${DESTDIR}/boot/boot \
+ -p freebsd-ufs:=${ufs} -o ${img}.s1 >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+ # Note: boot0sio has a longish timeout, and does work but
+ # takes longer than 30s so we use mbr.
+ mkimg -a 1 -s mbr -b ${DESTDIR}/boot/mbr \
+ -p freebsd:=${img}.s1 -o ${img} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+ rm -f ${img}.s1
+
+ register_test ${name} $(qemu_bios ${img})
+ done
+}
+
+# Hybrid GPT images: ESP + freebsd-boot + filesystem, tested with both BIOS and EFI
+assemble_both_gpt() {
+ echo " Assembling hybrid BIOS+EFI GPT images..."
+ for l in $(param bios_loaders); do
+ loader="loader_${l}"
+ esp=${IMGDIR}/${loader}.esp
+ fstypes="ufs"
+ has zfs && fstypes="ufs zfs"
+ for fs in ${fstypes}; do
+ name_base="both-gpt-${fs}-${loader}"
+ img=${IMGDIR}/${name_base}.img
+
+ case ${fs} in
+ ufs)
+ fsimg=${IMGDIR}/bootable-ufs-lua.img
+ ptype="freebsd-ufs"
+ bootblk=${DESTDIR}/boot/gptboot
+ ;;
+ zfs)
+ fsimg=${IMGDIR}/bootable-zfs-lua.img
+ ptype="freebsd-zfs"
+ bootblk=${DESTDIR}/boot/gptzfsboot
+ ;;
+ esac
+
+ mkimg -b ${DESTDIR}/boot/pmbr -s gpt \
+ -p efi:=${esp} \
+ -p freebsd-boot:=${bootblk} \
+ -p ${ptype}:=${fsimg} \
+ -o ${img} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+
+ register_test "${name_base}-bios" $(qemu_bios ${img})
+ register_test "${name_base}-efi" $(qemu_efi ${img})
+ done
+ done
+}
+
+# Hybrid MBR images: ESP + freebsd(boot+ufs), tested with both BIOS and EFI
+assemble_both_mbr() {
+ echo " Assembling hybrid BIOS+EFI MBR images..."
+ for l in $(param bios_loaders); do
+ loader="loader_${l}"
+ esp=${IMGDIR}/${loader}.esp
+ name_base="both-mbr-ufs-${loader}"
+ img=${IMGDIR}/${name_base}.img
+ ufs=${IMGDIR}/bootable-ufs-lua.img
+
+ mkimg -s bsd -b ${DESTDIR}/boot/boot \
+ -p freebsd-ufs:=${ufs} -o ${img}.s2 >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+ mkimg -a 2 -s mbr -b ${DESTDIR}/boot/mbr \
+ -p efi:=${esp} \
+ -p freebsd:=${img}.s2 -o ${img} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+ rm -f ${img}.s2
+
+ register_test "${name_base}-bios" $(qemu_bios ${img})
+ register_test "${name_base}-efi" $(qemu_efi ${img})
+ done
+}
+
+assemble_cd() {
+ echo " Assembling CD images..."
+
+ # mtree to add loader and fstab to image
+ mt1=$(mktemp ${OUTDIR}/cd-mtree.XXXXXX)
+ variant=lua
+ cat > ${mt1} <<EOF
+./boot/loader type=file mode=0644 contents=${DESTDIR}/boot/loader_${variant}
+./etc/fstab type=file mode=0644 contents=${OUTDIR}/fstab.cd
+EOF
+
+ # cdboot - BIOS CD boot via El Torito
+ name="bios-cd-cdboot"
+ img=${IMGDIR}/${name}.iso
+ makefs -t cd9660 \
+ -o bootimage=i386\;${DESTDIR}/boot/cdboot \
+ -o no-emul-boot \
+ -o rockridge \
+ -o label=FBSDTEST \
+ ${img} ${mt1} ${DESTDIR} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+ register_test ${name} $(qemu_bios_cdrom ${img})
+
+ # isoboot - hybrid BIOS+EFI CD (tests isoboot for BIOS, loader.efi for EFI)
+ name="hybrid-cd-isoboot"
+ img=${IMGDIR}/${name}.iso
+ espfile=$(mktemp ${OUTDIR}/efiboot.XXXXXX)
+ make_cd_esp ${espfile} ${DESTDIR}/boot/loader_lua.efi
+
+ makefs -t cd9660 \
+ -o bootimage=i386\;${DESTDIR}/boot/cdboot \
+ -o no-emul-boot \
+ -o bootimage=i386\;${espfile} \
+ -o no-emul-boot \
+ -o platformid=efi \
+ -o rockridge \
+ -o label=FBSDTEST \
+ ${img} ${mt1} ${DESTDIR} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+
+ # Overlay hybrid GPT for isoboot
+ imgsize=$(stat -f %z "${img}")
+
+ # Find the EFI partition in the ISO to reference it
+ espstart=""
+ espsize_cd=""
+ for entry in $(etdump --format shell ${img}); do
+ eval ${entry}
+ if [ "${et_platform}" = "efi" ]; then
+ espstart=$(expr ${et_lba} \* 2048)
+ espsize_cd=$(expr ${et_sectors} \* 512)
+ break
+ fi
+ done
+
+ if [ -n "${espstart}" ]; then
+ hybrid=$(mktemp ${OUTDIR}/hybrid.XXXXXX)
+ mkimg -s gpt \
+ --capacity ${imgsize} \
+ -b ${DESTDIR}/boot/pmbr \
+ -p freebsd-boot:=${DESTDIR}/boot/isoboot \
+ -p efi::${espsize_cd}:${espstart} \
+ -o ${hybrid} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+ dd if=${hybrid} of=${img} bs=32k count=1 conv=notrunc >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+ rm -f ${hybrid}
+ fi
+
+ rm -f ${espfile}
+
+ # Test the hybrid ISO with both BIOS and EFI
+ register_test "${name}-bios" $(qemu_bios_cdrom ${img})
+ register_test "${name}-efi" $(qemu_efi_cdrom ${img})
+
+ rm -f ${mt1}
+}
+
+assemble_ofw() {
+ echo " Assembling Open Firmware images..."
+ # APM partitioned disk with boot1.hfs
+ fstypes="ufs"
+ has zfs && fstypes="ufs zfs"
+ for fs in ${fstypes}; do
+ name="ofw-apm-${fs}"
+ img=${IMGDIR}/${name}.img
+
+ case ${fs} in
+ ufs) fsimg=${IMGDIR}/bootable-ufs-lua.img; ptype="freebsd-ufs" ;;
+ zfs) fsimg=${IMGDIR}/bootable-zfs-lua.img; ptype="freebsd-zfs" ;;
+ esac
+
+ mkimg -a 1 -s apm \
+ -p freebsd-boot:=${DESTDIR}/boot/boot1.hfs \
+ -p ${ptype}:=${fsimg} \
+ -o ${img} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+
+ register_test ${name} $(qemu_ofw ${img})
+ done
+}
+
+# Open Firmware bootable CD. Mirrors release/powerpc/mkisoimages.sh: build the
+# Apple/OF "macppc" boot image by dd'ing /boot/loader into the hfs-boot block
+# at its "Loader START" offset, then hand that to makefs as the El Torito
+# no-emul boot image. OpenBIOS finds it via cd:,\\:tbxi.
+assemble_ofw_cd() {
+ echo " Assembling Open Firmware CD image..."
+ name="ofw-cd"
+ img=${IMGDIR}/${name}.iso
+
+ # cd9660 root fstab overlay
+ mt=$(mktemp ${OUTDIR}/ofwcd-mtree.XXXXXX)
+ echo "./etc/fstab type=file mode=0644 contents=${OUTDIR}/fstab.cd" > ${mt}
+
+ # Apple/OF boot block with the loader embedded at "Loader START".
+ bootblock=$(mktemp ${OUTDIR}/hfs-boot.XXXXXX)
+ uudecode -p ${SRCTOP}/release/powerpc/hfs-boot.bz2.uu | bunzip2 > ${bootblock}
+ offset=$(hd ${bootblock} | grep 'Loader START' | cut -f 1 -d ' ')
+ offset=$((0x${offset} / 512))
+ dd if=${DESTDIR}/boot/loader of=${bootblock} seek=${offset} conv=notrunc \
+ >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+
+ makefs -t cd9660 \
+ -o bootimage=macppc\;${bootblock} \
+ -o no-emul-boot \
+ -o rockridge \
+ -o label=FBSDTEST \
+ ${img} ${mt} ${DESTDIR} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+
+ rm -f ${bootblock} ${mt}
+ register_test ${name} $(qemu_ofw_cdrom ${img})
+}
+
+# pseries PReP disk boot: MBR with a PReP boot partition (boot1.elf) and the
+# UFS root directly on an MBR partition -- no BSD label, matching freebsd-ci
+# (whose BSD-slice container does not cross-build from amd64). SLOF runs
+# boot1.elf from the PReP partition, which loads /boot/loader from the UFS.
+assemble_prep() {
+ echo " Assembling pseries PReP (MBR) images..."
+ name="prep-mbr-ufs"
+ img=${IMGDIR}/${name}.img
+ ufs=${IMGDIR}/bootable-ufs-lua.img
+
+ mkimg -a 1 -s mbr \
+ -p prepboot:=${DESTDIR}/boot/boot1.elf \
+ -p freebsd:=${ufs} \
+ -o ${img} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+
+ register_test ${name} $(qemu_prep ${img})
+}
+
+# pseries CD boot. SLOF reads \ppc\bootinfo.txt (CHRP boot script) and runs
+# the OF loader from the CD. Mirrors the chrp-boot half of
+# release/powerpc/mkisoimages.sh (the macppc/Apple half is mac99-only).
+assemble_pseries_cd() {
+ echo " Assembling pseries CD image..."
+ name="prep-cd"
+ img=${IMGDIR}/${name}.iso
+
+ mt=$(mktemp ${OUTDIR}/pseriescd-mtree.XXXXXX)
+ bootinfo=$(mktemp ${OUTDIR}/bootinfo.XXXXXX)
+ cat > ${bootinfo} <<EOF
+<chrp-boot>
+<description>FreeBSD Install</description>
+<os-name>FreeBSD</os-name>
+<boot-script>boot &device;:,\ppc\chrp\loader</boot-script>
+</chrp-boot>
+EOF
+ cat > ${mt} <<EOF
+./etc/fstab type=file mode=0644 contents=${OUTDIR}/fstab.cd
+./ppc type=dir mode=0755
+./ppc/bootinfo.txt type=file mode=0644 contents=${bootinfo}
+./ppc/chrp type=dir mode=0755
+./ppc/chrp/loader type=file mode=0644 contents=${DESTDIR}/boot/loader
+EOF
+ makefs -t cd9660 \
+ -o chrp-boot \
+ -o rockridge \
+ -o label=FBSDTEST \
+ ${img} ${mt} ${DESTDIR} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+ rm -f ${mt} ${bootinfo}
+ register_test ${name} $(qemu_prep_cdrom ${img})
+}
+
+assemble_linuxboot() {
+ echo " Assembling linuxboot images..."
+ esp=${IMGDIR}/linuxboot.esp
+ fstypes="ufs"
+ has zfs && fstypes="ufs zfs"
+ for fs in ${fstypes}; do
+ name="linuxboot-gpt-${fs}"
+ img=${IMGDIR}/${name}.img
+
+ case ${fs} in
+ ufs) fsimg=${IMGDIR}/bootable-ufs-lua.img; ptype="freebsd-ufs" ;;
+ zfs) fsimg=${IMGDIR}/bootable-zfs-lua.img; ptype="freebsd-zfs" ;;
+ esac
+
+ mkimg -s gpt \
+ -p efi:=${esp} \
+ -p ${ptype}:=${fsimg} \
+ -o ${img} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+
+ register_test ${name} $(qemu_efi ${img})
+ done
+}
+
+# Linuxboot for platforms without an ESP: the kernel+initrd go on the QEMU
+# command line, and the disk is just the FreeBSD root filesystem in a GPT
+# (no ESP partition). loader.kboot mounts root from that disk.
+assemble_linuxboot_direct() {
+ echo " Assembling linuxboot (direct kernel/initrd) images..."
+ linux_kernel=$(find_linux_kernel) || return 0
+ initrd=${IMGDIR}/linuxboot-initrd.cpio.gz
+ fstypes="ufs"
+ has zfs && fstypes="ufs zfs"
+ for fs in ${fstypes}; do
+ name="linuxboot-${fs}"
+ img=${IMGDIR}/${name}.img
+
+ case ${fs} in
+ ufs) fsimg=${IMGDIR}/bootable-ufs-lua.img; ptype="freebsd-ufs" ;;
+ zfs) fsimg=${IMGDIR}/bootable-zfs-lua.img; ptype="freebsd-zfs" ;;
+ esac
+
+ mkimg -s gpt \
+ -p ${ptype}:=${fsimg} \
+ -o ${img} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1
+
+ register_test ${name} $(qemu_linuxboot ${img} ${linux_kernel} ${initrd})
+ done
+}
+
+# Netboot: stage a TFTP root and register PXE/EFI network-boot tests. The
+# loader fetches the kernel + an md_image RAM root over TFTP and mounts
+# /dev/md0. The bootable UFS image is reused as the RAM root, so the kernel
+# must have "options MD_ROOT" (amd64/aarch64 do; riscv64/armv7 GENERIC do
+# not -- see the plan). netboot-bios/netboot-efi go over a real tap(4) +
+# dnsmasq (register_netboot_test / netboot_network_setup) so DHCP can carry a
+# root-path.
+assemble_netboot() {
+ echo " Assembling netboot images..."
+ tftp=${OUTDIR}/tftp
+ rm -rf ${tftp}
+ mkdir -p ${tftp}
+ cp -a ${DESTDIR}/boot ${tftp}/boot
+ cp ${IMGDIR}/bootable-ufs-lua.img ${tftp}/boot/mdroot.img
+
+ # Serve the kernel and RAM root as .xz: xzfs_fsops (stand/libsa/xzfs.c)
+ # transparently retries "<name>.xz" whenever "<name>" isn't found,
+ # exactly like gzipfs already does for kernel.gz, so this cuts the bytes
+ # that have to cross TFTP with no loader.conf change -- mdroot_name below
+ # still names the plain, unsuffixed "mdroot.img", and pxeboot/loader.efi
+ # (fetched directly by firmware, not through libsa) are untouched. Both
+ # the amd64 BIOS loader (i386/loader/Makefile: LOADER_XZ_SUPPORT) and
+ # every EFI loader (efi/loader/conf.c: unconditional) have xzfs compiled
+ # in, so netboot-bios and netboot-efi -- which share this tftp tree --
+ # both exercise the compressed path.
+ #
+ # -6 (xz's own default), not -9: -9's 64MB LZMA2 dictionary needs one
+ # contiguous vmalloc() of that size before xz_dec_run() can decode
+ # anything, and the BIOS loader's *entire* heap is a fixed 64MB
+ # (HEAP_MIN in i386/libi386/biosmem.c) regardless of VM memory -- so a
+ # 64MB dictionary request against a 64MB heap that already holds other
+ # loader state can never succeed (XZ_MEM_ERROR, every read, forever).
+ # -6's 8MB dictionary leaves ample headroom and loses ~nothing on data
+ # this size.
+ xz -6 -f ${tftp}/boot/kernel/kernel
+ xz -6 -f ${tftp}/boot/mdroot.img
+
+ # Boot the kernel + RAM root off the network instead of a disk (appended to
+ # the arch-correct loader.conf build_tree already wrote).
+ cat >> ${tftp}/boot/loader.conf <<EOF
+mdroot_load="YES"
+mdroot_type="md_image"
+mdroot_name="/boot/mdroot.img"
+vfs.root.mountfrom="ufs:/dev/md0"
+EOF
+
+ # BIOS PXE: the NIC option ROM chainloads pxeboot (the DHCP bootfile).
+ # Registered via register_netboot_test, not register_test: these need a
+ # real tap(4) + dnsmasq root-path (see netboot_network_setup) rather than
+ # slirp, which can't send one.
+ #
+ # netboot-bios legitimately runs past the default timeout: it's TFTP
+ # (not xzfs decode) that's the bottleneck here -- EFI's memdisk=<url>
+ # path decodes 150MB .xz images in about a minute, so the loader's xz
+ # decoder isn't the bottleneck; this is plain TFTP bandwidth for the
+ # kernel+mdroot fetch. Measured wins on real hardware: whole-suite boot
+ # time dropped from ~25 min to ~18 min with xzfs in place. TFTP-level
+ # fixes (e.g. HTTP instead, once BIOS can do that) are the only further
+ # lever; don't chase this again without one.
+ if has bios; then
+ cp ${DESTDIR}/boot/pxeboot ${tftp}/pxeboot
+ register_netboot_test netboot-bios ${tftp} pxeboot bios
+ fi
+ # EFI: stage loader.efi for the iPXE-chainload test below. This can't use
+ # the NIC's own PXE ROM the way netboot-bios does -- our installed OVMF
+ # build (qemu's bundled edk2-x86_64-code.fd) has no NetworkPkg/PXE driver
+ # at all (confirmed: zero PXE/HTTPBoot strings in the firmware, and
+ # BdsDxe drops straight to "EFI Internal Shell" with no network boot
+ # option ever offered, independent of vars pflash/bootindex/-boot n). So
+ # EFI netboot instead brings its own iPXE (see the ramdisk block below)
+ # to do DHCP/TFTP; netboot-efi's own chain script (also below) omits
+ # memdisk= so loader.efi does its own BOOTP call and gets a real
+ # DHCP root-path, unlike the RAM-disk tests.
+ if has efi; then
+ cp ${DESTDIR}/boot/loader_lua.efi ${tftp}/loader.efi
+ fi
+
+ # RAM-disk netboot: iPXE (from -hda) chains loader.efi with memdisk=<url>,
+ # which the loader boots entirely from RAM -- sidestepping the NFS/root-path
+ # problem above. iPXE EFI is x86-only in the install, so this is gated on
+ # netboot_ipxe (amd64 today). See qemu_netboot_ramdisk / do-memddisk-efi.
+ # netboot-efi (real root-path, no memdisk=) piggybacks on the same iPXE
+ # image/vars, since it needs the same OVMF-has-no-PXE workaround.
+ if [ -n "$(param netboot_ipxe)" ] && have_file "$(param netboot_ipxe)" && \
+ have_file "$(param netboot_efi_vars)"; then
+ # Writable copies: QEMU opens -hda and the edk2 vars pflash read-write,
+ # but the installed originals are root-owned.
+ cp -f $(param netboot_ipxe) ${OUTDIR}/netboot-ipxe.img
+ cp -f $(param netboot_efi_vars) ${OUTDIR}/netboot-vars.fd
+
+ if has efi; then
+ cat > ${tftp}/boot-efi.ipxe <<EOF
+#!ipxe
+chain tftp://\${next-server}/loader.efi
+EOF
+ register_netboot_test netboot-efi ${tftp} /boot-efi.ipxe "" qemu_netboot_ramdisk
+ fi
+
+ cat > ${tftp}/boot.ipxe <<EOF
+#!ipxe
+chain tftp://\${next-server}/loader.efi memdisk=tftp://\${next-server}/boot/mdroot.img
+EOF
+ register_netboot_test netboot-ramdisk ${tftp} /boot.ipxe "" qemu_netboot_ramdisk
+
+ # Same mechanism, but the image is compressed, exercising each codec
+ # in stand/efi/loader/decompress.c. Compress a throwaway copy rather
+ # than ${IMGDIR}/bootable-ufs-lua.img itself: gzip/bzip2/xz remove
+ # their input on success, and this image is shared with other tests.
+ # Compressing a real file (not a pipe) lets zstd embed the frame
+ # content size, so zstd_init() can size the output buffer exactly
+ # instead of guessing 4x and growing/copying as it decompresses.
+ for spec in gzip:gz bzip2:bz2 xz:xz zstd:zst; do
+ tool=${spec%%:*}
+ ext=${spec#*:}
+ img=${tftp}/boot/mdroot-${tool}.img
+ cp ${IMGDIR}/bootable-ufs-lua.img ${img}
+ case ${tool} in
+ zstd) zstd -f --rm ${img} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1 ;;
+ *) ${tool} -f ${img} >> ${LOGDIR}/imagebuild.log 2>&1 ;;
+ esac
+ cat > ${tftp}/boot-${tool}.ipxe <<EOF
+#!ipxe
+chain tftp://\${next-server}/loader.efi memdisk=tftp://\${next-server}/boot/mdroot-${tool}.img.${ext}
+EOF
+ register_netboot_test netboot-ramdisk-${tool} ${tftp} /boot-${tool}.ipxe "" qemu_netboot_ramdisk
+ done
+ fi
+
+ # BIOS RAM-disk netboot: iPXE loads syslinux memdisk with a *bootable* disk
+ # image as its initrd. memdisk boots the image's MBR and installs a MEMDISK
+ # memory disk; the BIOS loader detects it (biosmemdisk.c -> hint.md.0.*), so
+ # the kernel gets md0 and roots via the UFS label. The BIOS loader has no
+ # memdisk= arg, hence this different mechanism.
+ if has bios && [ -n "$(param netboot_memdisk)" ] && \
+ have_file "$(param netboot_memdisk)"; then
+ cp $(param netboot_memdisk) ${tftp}/memdisk
+ cp ${IMGDIR}/bios-mbr-ufs-loader_lua.img ${tftp}/bootdisk.img
+ cat > ${tftp}/boot-bios.ipxe <<EOF
+#!ipxe
+kernel tftp://\${next-server}/memdisk
+initrd tftp://\${next-server}/bootdisk.img
+boot
+EOF
+ register_netboot_test netboot-bios-memdisk ${tftp} /boot-bios.ipxe bios
+ fi
+}
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Netboot host networking: vmnet(4) + dnsmasq
+#
+# QEMU's slirp/user-mode net cannot send DHCP root-path (option 17); without
+# one, the loader's netproto defaults to NFS for every file fetch after the
+# initial TFTP-delivered bootfile (net_parse_rootpath()/NETPROTO_DEFAULT), which
+# is why netboot-bios/ netboot-efi otherwise fail here (no NFS server).
+#
+# This uses vmnet(4), not tap(4), even though both are clones of the same
+# if_tuntap(4) driver and QEMU treats them identically (-netdev tap,ifname=).
+# tap(4)'s close handler unconditionally runs if_down()+if_purgeaddrs() on last
+# close -- so the interface would lose its address and go down every time QEMU
+# exits, and re-adding it needs root. vmnet(4) explicitly skips that, so the
+# address assigned once survives every subsequent QEMU open/close.
+#
+# Creating the interface and giving it an address both require root regardless
+# of net.link.tap.user_open (that sysctl only gates opening the cloning device
+# itself). So the root setup below runs once, chowns the resulting /dev/vmnetN
+# nodes to the invoking user (so QEMU, unprivileged, can open them directly --
+# see net/tap-bsd.c: it opens /dev/<ifname> directly when that device already
+# exists, only falling back to the /dev/tap cloning device otherwise), and
+# leaves everything running. Later invocations detect the existing state via a
+# content hash and skip sudo entirely: "once per boot", not "once per run".
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Deterministically slice a /30 out of $(param netboot_subnet_base) (a /16,
+# e.g. 198.18.0.0) for plan line ${1} (0-based). Prints "gw client".
+netboot_subnet_for() {
+ idx=$1
+ base=$(param netboot_subnet_base)
+ o1o2=$(echo ${base} | cut -d. -f1-2)
+ o3=$(($(echo ${base} | cut -d. -f3) + idx / 64))
+ o4=$(((idx % 64) * 4))
+ echo "${o1o2}.${o3}.$((o4 + 1)) ${o1o2}.${o3}.$((o4 + 2))"
+}
+
+# Runs after every arch is built (so ${NETBOOT_PLAN} is complete) and before
+# run_all_tests. Assigns each registered netboot test its own vmnet + /30,
+# escalates via sudo only if the host doesn't already match that plan, then
+# patches the __NETBOOT_TAP__ placeholder in each test's command file.
+netboot_network_setup() {
+ [ -s "${NETBOOT_PLAN}" ] || return 0
+ echo "=== Netboot: configuring vmnet(4) + dnsmasq ==="
+ mkdir -p "${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}"
+
+ resolved=${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/plan.new
+ : > "${resolved}"
+ idx=0
+ while read cmdfile tftpdir bootfile; do
+ vmnet="vmnet$((100 + idx))" # offset away from any operator-managed vmnets
+ set -- $(netboot_subnet_for ${idx})
+ gw=$1
+ client=$2
+ echo "${vmnet} ${gw} ${client} 30 ${tftpdir} ${bootfile} ${cmdfile}" >> "${resolved}"
+ idx=$((idx + 1))
+ done < "${NETBOOT_PLAN}"
+
+ newhash=$(md5 -q "${resolved}")
+ oldhash=""
+ [ -f "${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/state.hash" ] && oldhash=$(cat "${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/state.hash")
+
+ # dnsmasq runs as "nobody" (it drops root after binding), so kill -0
+ # from this unprivileged process would always fail with EPERM even when
+ # it's alive; check process existence via ps instead, which doesn't
+ # require signal permission.
+ converged=false
+ if [ "${newhash}" = "${oldhash}" ] && [ -s "${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/dnsmasq.pid" ] \
+ && ps -p "$(cat ${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/dnsmasq.pid)" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+ converged=true
+ while read vmnet gw client prefix tftpdir bootfile cmdfile; do
+ ifconfig "${vmnet}" > /dev/null 2>&1 || { converged=false; break; }
+ done < "${resolved}"
+ fi
+
+ if ${converged}; then
+ echo " Existing vmnet(4)/dnsmasq setup already matches -- no sudo needed."
+ else
+ echo " Host networking missing or stale; requesting sudo once to (re)create it..."
+ cp "${resolved}" "${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/plan"
+ sudo "$0" --netboot-helper "${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/plan" \
+ || die "netboot vmnet(4)/dnsmasq setup (sudo) failed"
+ fi
+
+ while read vmnet gw client prefix tftpdir bootfile cmdfile; do
+ sed -i '' "s/__NETBOOT_TAP__/${vmnet}/" "${cmdfile}"
+ done < "${resolved}"
+}
+
+# Root-side setup, only reached via `sudo "$0" --netboot-helper <planfile>`
+# (see netboot_network_setup). ${1} has the same "vmnet gw client prefix
+# tftpdir bootfile cmdfile" lines as netboot_network_setup's resolved plan.
+netboot_helper() {
+ planfile=$1
+ [ -r "${planfile}" ] || die "netboot helper: cannot read plan ${planfile}"
+ invoker=${SUDO_UID:-$(id -u)}
+ mkdir -p "${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}"
+
+ # Converge from scratch rather than trusting the caller's hash check:
+ # tear down anything left over from a previous (possibly interrupted) run.
+ if [ -s "${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/dnsmasq.pid" ]; then
+ kill "$(cat ${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/dnsmasq.pid)" 2>/dev/null || true
+ rm -f "${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/dnsmasq.pid"
+ fi
+ for vmnet in $(ifconfig -g boot-test 2>/dev/null); do
+ ifconfig "${vmnet}" destroy
+ done
+
+ conf=${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/dnsmasq.conf
+ cat > "${conf}" <<EOF
+port=0
+bind-interfaces
+enable-tftp
+log-dhcp
+pid-file=${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/dnsmasq.pid
+dhcp-leasefile=${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/dnsmasq.leases
+
+# QEMU's PXE ROM is iPXE; it self-identifies as vendor-class
+# "PXEClient:Arch:00000:UNDI:002001" (stand/libsa/bootp.c's own request just
+# says "PXEClient", no ":Arch:..." suffix, so this substring match is
+# iPXE-only). iPXE's autoboot() gives DHCP root-path priority over
+# chainloading the DHCP filename -- if root-path is set it tries to
+# sanboot(8) it instead, which fails outright for a tftp:// URI ("Could not
+# open SAN device"). So root-path below is withheld from iPXE's own
+# negotiation and only given once stand/libsa/bootp.c does its own separate
+# BOOTP call after pxeboot/loader.efi has already been chainloaded.
+dhcp-vendorclass=set:ipxerom,PXEClient:Arch
+EOF
+
+ while read vmnet gw client prefix tftpdir bootfile cmdfile; do
+ ifconfig "${vmnet}" create group boot-test
+ ifconfig "${vmnet}" inet "${gw}/${prefix}" up
+ chown "${invoker}" "/dev/${vmnet}"
+
+ # dnsmasq's dhcp-boot only sets DHCP option 67 (bootfile-name), never
+ # the classic fixed-length BOOTP "file" field -- confirmed by comparing
+ # against QEMU's own slirp DHCP server, which sets that field directly
+ # and gets a plain "Filename: pxeboot" chainload with no further
+ # ceremony. Without it, and since iPXE requested option 43 (PXE vendor
+ # info) in its Parameter-Request list, iPXE assumes it must run the full
+ # PXE boot-server-discovery dance instead of trusting option 67 -- seen
+ # on the wire as a TFTP RRQ with an empty filename, then "No
+ # configuration methods succeeded" / "PXEBS ... Connection timed
+ # out". Telling it not to via PXE discovery-control (option 43
+ # sub-option 6, value 8 = "use bootfile name from the DHCP packet, don't
+ # discover") fixes it directly, without dnsmasq's heavier --pxe-service
+ # boot-menu machinery (which defaults discovery-control to 3, still
+ # triggering discovery).
+ cat >> "${conf}" <<EOF
+interface=${vmnet}
+dhcp-range=set:${vmnet},${client},${client},255.255.255.252,1h
+dhcp-boot=tag:${vmnet},${bootfile}
+dhcp-option=tag:${vmnet},tag:ipxerom,encap:43,6,8
+dhcp-option=tag:${vmnet},tag:!ipxerom,17,"tftp://${gw}/"
+tftp-root=${tftpdir},${vmnet}
+EOF
+ done < "${planfile}"
+
+ dnsmasq --conf-file="${conf}"
+
+ # dnsmasq daemonizes itself; wait for the pidfile before trusting it.
+ tries=0
+ while [ ! -s "${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/dnsmasq.pid" ] && [ ${tries} -lt 5 ]; do
+ sleep 1
+ tries=$((tries + 1))
+ done
+ [ -s "${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/dnsmasq.pid" ] || die "dnsmasq did not start"
+
+ md5 -q "${planfile}" > "${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/state.hash"
+ chown "${invoker}" "${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}" "${conf}" "${planfile}" \
+ "${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/dnsmasq.pid" "${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/state.hash"
+}
+
+# Manual cleanup: `sudo sh boot-test.sh --netboot-teardown`. Not run
+# automatically -- leaving the setup running is what makes it "once per
+# boot" instead of "once per run" (see netboot_network_setup).
+netboot_teardown() {
+ if [ -s "${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/dnsmasq.pid" ]; then
+ kill "$(cat ${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}/dnsmasq.pid)" 2>/dev/null || true
+ fi
+ for vmnet in $(ifconfig -g boot-test 2>/dev/null); do
+ ifconfig "${vmnet}" destroy
+ done
+ rm -rf "${NETBOOT_STATE_DIR}"
+ echo "Netboot vmnet(4)/dnsmasq setup torn down."
+}
+
+assemble_all_images() {
+ echo "=== Phase 3: Assembling disk images ==="
+
+ if has efi; then
+ if [ -r "$(param efi_firmware)" ]; then
+ assemble_efi_gpt
+ if has mbr; then
+ assemble_efi_mbr
+ fi
+ elif [ -n "$(param efi_firmware)" ]; then
+ echo "WARNING: EFI firmware not found at $(param efi_firmware), skipping EFI tests"
+ else
+ # riscv64 uses u-boot with EFI payload
+ assemble_efi_gpt
+ fi
+ fi
+
+ if has bios; then
+ assemble_bios_gpt
+ if has mbr; then
+ assemble_bios_mbr
+ fi
+ fi
+
+ if has bios && has efi && [ -r "$(param efi_firmware)" ]; then
+ assemble_both_gpt
+ if has mbr; then
+ assemble_both_mbr
+ fi
+ fi
+
+ if has cd; then
+ if has prep; then
+ assemble_pseries_cd # pseries SLOF CHRP CD
+ elif has ofw; then
+ assemble_ofw_cd # mac99 Apple/OF CD
+ else
+ assemble_cd # x86 El Torito
+ fi
+ fi
+
+ if has prep; then
+ assemble_prep
+ fi
+
+ # Used for mac99 emulation, though kernel issues prevent testing
+ if has ofw; then
+ assemble_ofw
+ fi
+
+ if has linuxboot; then
+ if [ -f "${IMGDIR}/linuxboot.esp" ]; then
+ assemble_linuxboot
+ elif [ -f "${IMGDIR}/linuxboot-initrd.cpio.gz" ]; then
+ assemble_linuxboot_direct
+ fi
+ fi
+
+ if has netboot; then
+ assemble_netboot
+ fi
+}
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Phase 4: Run tests in parallel
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+run_one_test() {
+ name=$1
+ log="${LOGDIR}/${name}.log"
+ cmd=$(cat ${OUTDIR}/test-cmd-${name}.sh)
+
+ expect -c "
+ set timeout ${TIMEOUT}
+ log_file -noappend \"${log}\"
+ spawn {*}${cmd}
+ expect {
+ \"SUCCESS\" { exit 0 }
+ timeout { exit 1 }
+ eof { exit 2 }
+ }
+ " >/dev/null 2>&1
+ return $?
+}
+
+wait_for_slot() {
+ # Wait until fewer than MAX_JOBS are running
+ while true; do
+ running=0
+ for p in ${active_pids}; do
+ if kill -0 $p 2>/dev/null; then
+ running=$((running + 1))
+ fi
+ done
+ [ ${running} -lt ${MAX_JOBS} ] && break
+ sleep 1
+ done
+}
+
+# Launch every arch's tests together and wait once, so a run of N arches costs
+# roughly one timeout rather than N. Each `run_one_test &` snapshots the
+# per-arch OUTDIR/LOGDIR/TIMEOUT that setup_arch_env just set, so backgrounded
+# jobs keep their own arch context even as we move on to the next arch.
+run_all_tests() {
+ echo "=== Phase 4: Running tests ==="
+
+ total=0
+ skipped=0
+ active_pids=""
+ results_map=$(mktemp -t boot-test-results)
+
+ for arch in ${ARCHES}; do
+ setup_arch_env "${arch}"
+ [ -s "${TESTLIST}" ] || continue
+
+ while read name; do
+ # Apply test filter if given
+ if [ -n "${TEST_FILTER}" ]; then
+ echo "${name}" | grep -qE "${TEST_FILTER}" || {
+ skipped=$((skipped + 1))
+ continue
+ }
+ fi
+
+ total=$((total + 1))
+
+ # Job throttling (global across all arches)
+ if [ ${MAX_JOBS} -gt 0 ]; then
+ wait_for_slot
+ fi
+
+ run_one_test "${name}" &
+ pid=$!
+ active_pids="${active_pids} ${pid}"
+ echo "${pid} ${arch} ${name}" >> ${results_map}
+ done < ${TESTLIST}
+ done
+
+ [ ${total} -gt 0 ] || die "No tests registered. Run without -B first."
+ echo " ${total} tests launched (${skipped} skipped by filter), waiting..."
+ echo ""
+
+ # Collect results - disable errexit since wait returns the child's exit status
+ set +e
+ pass=0
+ fail=0
+ timeout_count=0
+ while read pid arch name; do
+ wait ${pid}
+ rc=$?
+ case ${rc} in
+ 0)
+ result="PASS"
+ pass=$((pass + 1))
+ ;;
+ 1)
+ result="TIMEOUT"
+ timeout_count=$((timeout_count + 1))
+ ;;
+ *)
+ result="FAILED"
+ fail=$((fail + 1))
+ ;;
+ esac
+ printf " %-12s %-40s %s\n" "${arch}" "${name}" "${result}"
+ done < ${results_map}
+
+ echo ""
+ echo "=== Results: ${pass} passed, ${fail} failed, ${timeout_count} timed out (of ${total}) ==="
+
+ rm -f ${results_map}
+ [ ${fail} -eq 0 ] && [ ${timeout_count} -eq 0 ]
+}
+
+# Build the tree and images for each arch, one arch at a time. Each arch runs
+# in a subshell so its setup_arch_env globals stay isolated and a build failure
+# (set -e) is caught here instead of aborting the whole run.
+build_all() {
+ for arch in ${ARCHES}; do
+ echo "############################################################"
+ echo "# ${arch}: building"
+ echo "############################################################"
+ if ! (
+ setup_arch_env "${arch}"
+ need_cmd "$(param qemu_bin)"
+ ${SKIP_BUILD} || build_tree
+ if ! ${SKIP_IMAGES}; then
+ [ -d "${DESTDIR}" ] || \
+ die "No boot tree at ${DESTDIR}. Run without -b first."
+ : > ${TESTLIST} # fresh test list before (re)assembling
+ make_base_images
+ assemble_all_images
+ fi
+ ); then
+ echo " ${arch}: BUILD FAILED"
+ fi
+ done
+}
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Main
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# --netboot-helper/--netboot-teardown are internal/manual entry points that
+# skip the whole build+test flow below; see netboot_network_setup.
+case "${NETBOOT_MODE}" in
+ helper) netboot_helper "${NETBOOT_HELPER_PLAN}"; exit $? ;;
+ teardown) netboot_teardown; exit $? ;;
+esac
+
+# Preflight: universal tools (per-arch qemu binaries are checked in build_all).
+for prog in jq expect makefs mkimg; do
+ need_cmd "${prog}"
+done
+
+echo "FreeBSD boot loader test suite: ${ARCHES}"
+echo ""
+
+# Accumulates netboot test plan lines across every arch (unlike ${TESTLIST},
+# which build_all truncates per-arch) -- see register_netboot_test.
+NETBOOT_PLAN=$(mktemp -t boot-test-netboot-plan)
+
+if $do_report_dirs; then
+ for arch in ${ARCHES}; do
+ setup_arch_env "${arch}"
+ echo "${arch} settings:"
+ echo " TIMEOUT=${TIMEOUT}"
+ echo " ARCH_OBJDIR=${ARCH_OBJDIR}"
+ echo " OUTDIR=${OUTDIR}"
+ echo " LOGDIR=${LOGDIR}"
+ echo " DESTDIR=${DESTDIR}"
+ echo " TESTLIST=${TESTLIST}"
+ done
+ exit 0
+fi
+
+build_all
+netboot_network_setup
+if run_all_tests; then
+ rc=0
+else
+ rc=$?
+fi
+rm -f "${NETBOOT_PLAN}"
+exit ${rc}
diff --git a/tools/boot/boot-test.sh.8 b/tools/boot/boot-test.sh.8
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/boot/boot-test.sh.8
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.Dd July 5, 2026
+.Dt BOOT-TEST.SH 8
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm boot-test.sh
+.Nd automated boot loader regression tests under QEMU
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm
+.Op Fl A
+.Op Fl a Ar arch
+.Op Fl b | Fl B
+.Op Fl j Ar jobs
+.Op Fl o Ar dir
+.Op Fl t Ar regex
+.Op Fl T Ar seconds
+.Nm
+.Fl -netboot-teardown
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm
+builds a minimal bootable tree, assembles disk, CD, and network boot images
+for every boot configuration a target architecture supports, boots each image
+under
+.Xr qemu 1 ,
+and checks that it reaches userland and prints a success marker.
+It runs almost entirely as an unprivileged user, with one exception: the
+.Ar netboot-bios
+and
+.Ar netboot-efi
+tests need a real
+.Xr vmnet 4
+interface and
+.Xr dnsmasq 8
+instead of QEMU's user-mode networking, so that DHCP can hand out a
+root-path.
+Creating the interface and giving it an address require root, so
+.Nm
+runs
+.Xr sudo 8
+once to set both up, then leaves them running; later runs detect the
+existing setup and do not prompt again.
+See
+.Sx Netboot networking
+below.
+.Pp
+.Nm
+must be run from the
+.Pa stand
+directory of a FreeBSD source tree and assumes that
+.Cm buildworld
+and
+.Cm buildkernel
+have already completed for each target architecture.
+Per-architecture parameters
+.Pq QEMU machine, boot capabilities, kernel config, and so on
+are read from
+.Pa boot-test.json
+in the same directory as the script.
+.Pp
+Each architecture is processed in five phases:
+extract a minimal userland from a release ISO
+.Pq 0 ,
+install the kernel and boot loaders into a tree
+.Pq 1 ,
+create the base filesystem images
+.Pq 2 ,
+assemble the per-configuration boot images and register a test for each
+.Pq 3 ,
+and run the registered tests
+.Pq 4 .
+Images are built one architecture at a time; the tests for all selected
+architectures then run in parallel so that a run costs roughly one timeout
+rather than one per test.
+.Pp
+The options are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Fl a Ar arch
+Test
+.Ar arch .
+May be given more than once to test several.
+The default is the host architecture reported by
+.Nm uname Fl p .
+Supported values are
+.Ar amd64 ,
+.Ar aarch64 ,
+.Ar armv7 ,
+.Ar riscv64 ,
+.Ar powerpc ,
+.Ar powerpc64 ,
+and
+.Ar powerpc64le .
+.It Fl A
+Test every supported architecture.
+.It Fl b
+Skip the build and install phase and reuse the existing boot tree.
+.It Fl B
+Skip the build, install, and image-creation phases and reuse existing images.
+.It Fl j Ar jobs
+Run at most
+.Ar jobs
+QEMU instances at once.
+The default is unlimited.
+.It Fl o Ar dir
+Write images and logs to
+.Ar dir
+instead of the per-architecture object directory.
+May only be used with a single architecture.
+.It Fl t Ar regex
+Run only the tests whose name matches the extended regular expression
+.Ar regex .
+.It Fl T Ar seconds
+Set the per-test QEMU timeout.
+The default is 60 seconds, or 180 for the powerpc targets.
+.It Fl -netboot-teardown
+Destroy the
+.Xr vmnet 4
+interfaces and stop the
+.Xr dnsmasq 8
+instance created for the netboot tests
+.Pq Sx Netboot networking .
+Must be run with
+.Xr sudo 8 .
+Not needed in normal use; the setup is left running between runs on purpose.
+.El
+.Ss Tests per architecture
+The tests generated for an architecture are the applicable combinations of the
+boot interface, the on-disk layout, and the loader interpreter.
+The interpreters are
+.Ar lua ,
+.Ar 4th ,
+and
+.Ar simp ,
+plus the
+.Ar boot1
+chain loader for UEFI; the filesystems are UFS and, where the platform supports
+it, ZFS.
+Which of the following families are built is driven by each architecture's
+capabilities declared in
+.Pa boot-test.json :
+.Bl -tag -width "linuxboot" -compact
+.It Sy BIOS
+GPT (UFS, ZFS) and MBR (UFS) disks, once per interpreter.
+.It Sy UEFI
+GPT (UFS, ZFS) and MBR (UFS) disks, once per interpreter.
+.It Sy hybrid
+A single GPT or MBR image booted both as BIOS and as UEFI.
+.It Sy OFW
+Apple Partition Map disk (UFS, ZFS) on
+.Ar powerpc .
+.It Sy PReP
+MBR disk on
+.Ar powerpc64
+and
+.Ar powerpc64le .
+.It Sy CD
+El Torito for BIOS, a hybrid BIOS+UEFI ISO, and the OFW and CHRP variants.
+.It Sy linuxboot
+UFS and ZFS, booted through the Linux kexec loader.
+.It Sy netboot
+BIOS PXE, UEFI, and iPXE memory-disk boot of a RAM root.
+.El
+A full run
+.Pq Fl A
+currently yields on the order of 80 tests.
+.Ss Netboot networking
+QEMU's user-mode
+.Pq slirp
+networking can hand out an address and a TFTP bootfile, but it cannot send a
+DHCP root-path
+.Pq option 17 .
+Without one, the FreeBSD loader falls back to NFS for every file fetch after
+the initial bootfile and fails, since there is no NFS server to fall back to.
+Sending a root-path of
+.Dq Li tftp://<gw>/
+keeps the loader on TFTP instead, which is what
+.Ar netboot-bios
+and
+.Ar netboot-efi
+need.
+.Pp
+To get a real root-path,
+.Nm
+gives each of those tests its own
+.Xr vmnet 4
+interface and a private
+.Li /30
+carved out of
+.Cm netboot_subnet_base
+in
+.Pa boot-test.json ,
+and runs a single
+.Xr dnsmasq 8
+instance serving all of them.
+.Xr vmnet 4
+is used rather than the more familiar
+.Xr tap 4 ,
+even though QEMU treats them identically and both are clones of the same
+underlying driver: closing the control device automatically brings a
+.Xr tap 4
+interface down and deletes its address, which would undo the setup below
+every time QEMU exits, but
+.Xr vmnet 4
+interfaces keep their configuration across opens.
+Creating the interface and assigning it an address both require root even
+when
+.Va net.link.tap.user_open
+is set
+.Pq that only governs opening the cloning device itself ,
+so
+.Nm
+invokes
+.Xr sudo 8
+once to create the interfaces
+.Pq chowning the resulting device nodes back to the invoking user
+and start
+.Xr dnsmasq 8 .
+Because the interfaces persist until explicitly destroyed,
+.Nm
+leaves them and
+.Xr dnsmasq 8
+running afterward; subsequent runs detect the existing setup by comparing a
+hash of the intended configuration and skip
+.Xr sudo 8
+entirely, so the prompt is normally seen once per boot rather than once per
+run.
+Use
+.Fl -netboot-teardown
+to tear the setup down manually.
+.Pp
+The
+.Ar netboot-ramdisk
+and
+.Ar netboot-bios-memdisk
+tests boot entirely from an in-memory image and never need a root-path, so
+they stay on QEMU's user-mode networking.
+.Sh REQUIREMENTS
+.Nm
+uses
+.Xr makefs 8
+and
+.Xr mkimg 1
+from the base system, and the
+.Xr jq 1 ,
+.Xr expect 1 ,
+.Xr qemu 1 ,
+and
+.Xr dnsmasq 8
+packages
+.Pq Pa textproc/jq , Pa lang/expect , Pa emulators/qemu , Pa dns/dnsmasq .
+The network boot tests additionally require the
+.Pa sysutils/ipxe
+and
+.Pa sysutils/syslinux
+packages.
+.Sh ENVIRONMENT
+.Bl -tag -width ".Ev HOME"
+.It Ev HOME
+Release ISO images and the optional custom
+.Pa openbios-ppc
+firmware are looked for in
+.Pa ~/iso .
+.El
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width ".Pa boot-test.json" -compact
+.It Pa boot-test.json
+Per-architecture configuration, parsed with
+.Xr jq 1 .
+.It Pa ~/iso/FreeBSD-*-RELEASE-*-disc1.iso.xz
+Release ISO supplying the minimal userland.
+.It Pa ~/iso/openbios-ppc
+Optional replacement OpenBIOS firmware for the powerpc targets.
+.El
+.Sh EXIT STATUS
+.Nm
+exits 0 if every test that ran passed, and non-zero if any test failed or
+timed out.
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+Test the host architecture:
+.Pp
+.Dl "sh ../tools/boot/boot-test.sh"
+.Pp
+Re-run only the ZFS tests for
+.Ar amd64
+against previously built images:
+.Pp
+.Dl "sh ../tools/boot/boot-test.sh -a amd64 -B -t zfs"
+.Pp
+Test every architecture:
+.Pp
+.Dl "sh ../tools/boot/boot-test.sh -A"
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr expect 1 ,
+.Xr jq 1 ,
+.Xr mkimg 1 ,
+.Xr gptboot 8 ,
+.Xr loader 8 ,
+.Xr makefs 8 ,
+.Xr pxeboot 8 ,
+.Xr uefi 8
+.Sh AUTHORS
+.An Warner Losh Aq Mt imp@FreeBSD.org

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