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diff --git a/documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc
--- a/documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc
+++ b/documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
[.abstract-title]
Abstract
-Congratulations on installing FreeBSD! This introduction is for people new to both FreeBSD _and_ UNIX(R)-so it starts with basics. _This guide reflects typical usage on modern versions of FreeBSD (13.x through 15.x)._
+Congratulations on installing FreeBSD! This introduction is for people new to both FreeBSD _and_ UNIX(R)-so it starts with basics.
'''
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
# adduser
....
-The first time you use man:adduser[8], it may ask for some defaults to save.
+The first time you use man:adduser[8] footnote:[See extref:{handbook}basics[Adding a user, users-adduser] in the FreeBSD Handbook.], it may ask for some defaults to save.
You can usually accept the suggested values by pressing kbd:[Enter].
These defaults are stored in [.filename]#/etc/adduser.conf#, which can be edited later if necessary.
@@ -115,22 +115,24 @@
This makes it possible to log in as `jack` and use man:su[1] only when administrative privileges are required, instead of logging in directly as `root`.
You can quit `adduser` at any time by typing kbd:[Ctrl+C].
-At the end you will be asked to confirm the new account or cancel it by typing `n`.
+At the end you will be asked to confirm the new account or cancel it by typing kbd:[n].
+You might want to create a second new user so that when you edit `jack`'s login files, you will have a hot spare in case something goes wrong.
Once you have created the user, type `exit` to return to a login prompt and log in as `jack`.
In general, it is a good idea to do as much work as possible as an ordinary user who does not have the power — and risk — of `root`.
If you already created a user and want that user to be able to `su` to `root`, you can add the user to the `wheel` group.
-This can be done by editing the file [.filename]#/etc/group# or by using the man:pw[8] command, for example:
+This can be done by editing the file [.filename]#/etc/group#.
+Since this file is sensitive, use the man:pw[8] command to do it for you, for example:
[source,shell]
....
# pw groupmod wheel -m jack
....
-To edit configuration files you can use the text editor man:vi[1] or the simpler editor man:ee[1], which is included in the FreeBSD base system.
+To edit configuration files you can use the text editor man:vi[1] or the simpler editor man:ee[1], which is included in the FreeBSD base system footnote:[See extref:{handbook}basics[Text editors, editors] in the FreeBSD Handbook.].
-To delete a user, use man:rmuser[8].
+To delete a user, use man:rmuser[8] footnote:[See extref:{handbook}basics[Removing a user, users-rmuser] in the FreeBSD Handbook.].
[[looking-around]]
== Looking Around
@@ -161,16 +163,19 @@
`cd`::
Changes directories. `cd ..` moves up one level; note the space after `cd`.
`cd /usr/local` changes to that directory.
-`cd ~` goes to the home directory of the user who is logged in, for example [.filename]#/usr/home/jack#.
+`cd ~` goes to the home directory of the logged-in user, for example [.filename]#/usr/home/jack#.
+Try looking at the system log directory to see what logs the system keeps: `cd /var/log`, and then `ls`.
+Return to the previous directory with `cd -`.
`less _filename_`::
-Lets you view a file (named _filename_) without changing it.
+Opens a text file in a pager for viewing.
Try `less /etc/fstab`.
Type `q` to quit.
`cat _filename_`::
-Displays _filename_ on the screen.
-If the file is long, it may scroll past quickly; using `less` is often more convenient for viewing longer files.
+Prints _filename_ to the terminal.
+If it is too long and you can see only the end of it, press kbd:[ScrollLock] and use the kbd:[up-arrow] to move backward; you can use kbd:[ScrollLock] with manual pages too.
+Press kbd:[ScrollLock] again to quit scrolling footnote:[This applies to the system console. If you are connected via SSH or working in the X Window System, use the terminal's scrollback to view previous output.].
You might want to try `cat` on some of the dot files in your home directory, such as `cat .cshrc`, `cat .login`, or `cat .profile`.
You may notice aliases for some commonly used commands in your shell configuration files.
@@ -253,7 +258,7 @@
To configure your system, you will often need to edit text files.
Many system configuration files are located in the [.filename]#/etc# directory.
-Changing these files usually requires administrative privileges, so you may need to become `root` using `su -` (or another privilege escalation tool such as man:sudo[8] or man:doas[1], if it is configured).
+Changing these files usually requires administrative privileges, so you may need to become `root` using `su -` (or another privilege escalation tool such as man:sudo[8] footnote:[See extref:{handbook}security[Shared administration with doas, security-doas] in the FreeBSD Handbook.] or man:doas[1] footnote:[See extref:{handbook}security[Shared administration with sudo, security-sudo] in the FreeBSD Handbook.], if it is configured).
FreeBSD includes the simple editor man:ee[1], which is easy for beginners to use.
However, learning the text editor `vi` is worthwhile because it is available on almost all UNIX(R) systems.
@@ -423,48 +428,6 @@
There are many resources available for learning UNIX(R) commands and utilities.
In addition to manual pages, the FreeBSD Handbook and other online documentation provide extensive information.
-=== Managing Services
-
-FreeBSD uses the rc.d system to manage system services.
-
-You can start or stop a service using the `service` command:
-
-[source,shell]
-....
-# service sshd start
-# service sshd stop
-# service sshd status
-....
-
-To enable a service at system startup, use `sysrc` to modify [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:
-
-[source,shell]
-....
-# sysrc sshd_enable="YES"
-....
-
-See man:service[8] and man:sysrc[8] for more information.
-
-== ZFS Basics
-
-Most modern FreeBSD installations use the ZFS filesystem.
-
-You can view the available ZFS datasets with:
-
-[source,shell]
-....
-% zfs list
-....
-
-ZFS also supports snapshots, which allow you to preserve the state of a filesystem at a particular point in time:
-
-[source,shell]
-....
-# zfs snapshot zroot/home@before-edit
-....
-
-See extref:{handbook}zfs[ZFS chapter in FreeBSD Handbook] or man:zfs[8] for more information.
-
[[next-steps]]
== Next Steps
@@ -489,25 +452,6 @@
where _text_ is part of the package name or description.
-=== Updating the Base System
-
-FreeBSD provides the man:freebsd-update[8] utility to update the base operating system.
-
-To fetch and install security updates:
-
-[source,shell]
-....
-# freebsd-update fetch
-# freebsd-update install
-....
-
-You can also check installed packages for known security vulnerabilities:
-
-[source,shell]
-....
-# pkg audit
-....
-
For more advanced installation methods, including building software from the FreeBSD Ports Collection, see the
extref:{handbook}ports[ Packages and Ports in FreeBSD Handbook].
@@ -586,7 +530,7 @@
# pkg install zsh
....
-. Change your login shell using `chsh`:
+. Change your login shell using man:chsh[1]:
+
[source,shell]
@@ -604,6 +548,71 @@
If you prefer to use another shell temporarily while working as `root`, you can use `su` after logging in as a regular user.
====
+[[basic-system-admin]]
+== Basic System Administration
+
+=== Managing Services
+
+FreeBSD uses the rc.d system to manage system services.
+
+You can start or stop a service using the `service` command:
+
+[source,shell]
+....
+# service sshd start
+# service sshd stop
+# service sshd status
+....
+
+To enable a service at system startup, use `sysrc` to modify [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:
+
+[source,shell]
+....
+# sysrc sshd_enable="YES"
+....
+
+See man:service[8] and man:sysrc[8] for more information.
+
+=== ZFS Basics
+
+Most modern FreeBSD installations use the ZFS filesystem.
+
+You can view the available ZFS datasets with:
+
+[source,shell]
+....
+% zfs list
+....
+
+ZFS also supports snapshots, which allow you to preserve the state of a filesystem at a particular point in time:
+
+[source,shell]
+....
+# zfs snapshot zroot/home@before-edit
+....
+
+See extref:{handbook}zfs[ZFS chapter in FreeBSD Handbook] or man:zfs[8] for more information.
+
+=== Updating the Base System
+
+FreeBSD provides the man:freebsd-update[8] utility to update the base operating system footnote:[See extref:{handbook}cutting-edge[Applying security patches: freebsd-update, freebsdupdate-security-patches] in the FreeBSD Handbook].
+
+To fetch and install security updates:
+
+[source,shell]
+....
+# freebsd-update fetch
+# freebsd-update install
+....
+
+=== Security audit
+
+You can also check installed packages for known security vulnerabilities:
+
+[source,shell]
+....
+# pkg audit
+....
[[other]]
== Other
@@ -643,14 +652,6 @@
Removing a device without unmounting it first may cause data loss.
-== References
-* extref:{handbook}security[Shared administration with `doas`, security-doas]
-* extref:{handbook}security[Shared administration with `sudo`, security-sudo]
-* extref:{handbook}basics[Adding a user, users-adduser]
-* extref:{handbook}basics[Removing a user, users-rmuser]
-* extref:{handbook}basics[Text editors, editors]
-* extref:{handbook}cutting-edge[Applying security patches: `freebsd-update`, freebsdupdate-security-patches]
-
[[comments-welcome]]
== Acknowledgments

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