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	Index: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.po
	===================================================================
	--- documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.po
	+++ documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.po
	@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
	msgid ""
	msgstr ""
	"Project-Id-Version: FreeBSD Documentation VERSION\n"
	-"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-11-08 16:17+0000\n"
	+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-04-16 16:07-0300\n"
	"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
	"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
	"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
	@@ -16,159 +16,167 @@
	"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
	"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

	-#. type: Title =
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:15
	+#. type: YAML Front Matter: description
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1
	#, no-wrap
	-msgid "x86 Assembly Language Programming"
	+msgid "A tutorial on writing programs for FreeBSD in x86 assembly language"
	msgstr ""

	-#. type: YAML Front Matter: title
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1
	+#. type: Title =
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:11
	#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Chapter 11. x86 Assembly Language Programming"
	+msgid "x86 Assembly Language Programming"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:53
	-msgid "_This chapter was written by {stanislav}._"
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:46
	+msgid ""
	+"_This article was written by {stanislav} (2001), and adjusted by {mhorne} "
	+"(2024)._"
	+msgstr ""
	+
	+#. type: delimited block = 4
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:50
	+msgid "The content in this article is historical."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:55
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:53
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Synopsis"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:59
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:57
	msgid ""
	"Assembly language programming under UNIX(R) is highly undocumented. It is "
	-"generally assumed that no one would ever want to use it because various "
	-"UNIX(R) systems run on different microprocessors, so everything should be "
	-"written in C for portability."
	+"generally assumed that no one would ever want to use it because various UNIX "
	+"systems run on different microprocessors, so everything should be written in "
	+"C for portability."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:63
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:61
	msgid ""
	"In reality, C portability is quite a myth. Even C programs need to be "
	-"modified when ported from one UNIX(R) to another, regardless of what "
	-"processor each runs on. Typically, such a program is full of conditional "
	-"statements depending on the system it is compiled for."
	+"modified when ported from one UNIX to another, regardless of what processor "
	+"each runs on. Typically, such a program is full of conditional statements "
	+"depending on the system it is compiled for."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:65
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:63
	msgid ""
	-"Even if we believe that all of UNIX(R) software should be written in C, or "
	-"some other high-level language, we still need assembly language programmers: "
	-"Who else would write the section of C library that accesses the kernel?"
	+"Even if we believe that all of UNIX software should be written in C, or some "
	+"other high-level language, we still need assembly language programmers: Who "
	+"else would write the section of C library that accesses the kernel?"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:67
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:65
	msgid ""
	-"In this chapter I will attempt to show you how you can use assembly language "
	-"writing UNIX(R) programs, specifically under FreeBSD."
	+"In this article I will attempt to show you how you can use assembly language "
	+"writing UNIX programs, specifically under FreeBSD."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:72
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:70
	msgid ""
	-"This chapter does not explain the basics of assembly language. There are "
	+"This article does not explain the basics of assembly language. There are "
	"enough resources about that (for a complete online course in assembly "
	"language, see Randall Hyde's http://webster.cs.ucr.edu/[Art of Assembly "
	"Language]; or if you prefer a printed book, take a look at Jeff Duntemann's "
	"Assembly Language Step-by-Step (ISBN: 0471375233). However, once the "
	-"chapter is finished, any assembly language programmer will be able to write "
	+"article is finished, any assembly language programmer will be able to write "
	"programs for FreeBSD quickly and efficiently."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:74
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4311
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:72
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4287
	msgid "Copyright (R) 2000-2001 G. Adam Stanislav. All rights reserved."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:76
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:74
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "The Tools"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:79
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:77
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "The Assembler"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:82
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:81
	msgid ""
	"The most important tool for assembly language programming is the assembler, "
	-"the software that converts assembly language code into machine language."
	+"the software that converts assembly language code into machine language. "
	+"Two very different types of assemblers are available for FreeBSD."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:85
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:84
	msgid ""
	-"Three very different assemblers are available for FreeBSD. Both man:llvm-"
	-"as[1] (included in package:devel/llvm[]) and man:as[1] (included in "
	-"package:devel/binutils[]) use the traditional UNIX(R) assembly language "
	-"syntax."
	+"The first is the GNU man:as[1] (package:devel/binutils[]), which uses the "
	+"traditional UNIX assembly language syntax. Alternatively, one can use "
	+"man:clang[1], which is a compatible replacement for the GNU assembler and "
	+"comes with the system."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:88
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:87
	msgid ""
	-"On the other hand, man:nasm[1] (installed through package:devel/nasm[]) uses "
	-"the Intel syntax. Its main advantage is that it can assemble code for many "
	+"The other is man:nasm[1] (package:devel/nasm[]). This assembler uses the "
	+"Intel syntax, and its main advantage is that it can assemble code for many "
	"operating systems."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:91
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:90
	msgid ""
	-"This chapter uses nasm syntax because most assembly language programmers "
	+"This article uses nasm syntax because most assembly language programmers "
	"coming to FreeBSD from other operating systems will find it easier to "
	"understand. And, because, quite frankly, that is what I am used to."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:93
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:92
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "The Linker"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:96
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:95
	msgid ""
	"The output of the assembler, like that of any compiler, needs to be linked "
	"to form an executable file."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:99
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:98
	msgid ""
	"The standard man:ld[1] linker comes with FreeBSD. It works with the code "
	"assembled with either assembler."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:101
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:100
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "System Calls"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:104
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:103
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Default Calling Convention"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:108
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:107
	msgid ""
	"By default, the FreeBSD kernel uses the C calling convention. Further, "
	"although the kernel is accessed using `int 80h`, it is assumed the program "
	@@ -177,22 +185,22 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:111
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:110
	msgid ""
	"This convention is very convenient, and quite superior to the Microsoft(R) "
	-"convention used by MS-DOS(R). Why? Because the UNIX(R) convention allows "
	-"any program written in any language to access the kernel."
	+"convention used by MS-DOS(R). Why? Because the UNIX convention allows any "
	+"program written in any language to access the kernel."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:114
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:113
	msgid ""
	"An assembly language program can do that as well. For example, we could "
	"open a file:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:120
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:119
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"kernel:\n"
	@@ -201,7 +209,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:129
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:128
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"open:\n"
	@@ -215,15 +223,15 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:133
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:132
	msgid ""
	"This is a very clean and portable way of coding. If you need to port the "
	-"code to a UNIX(R) system which uses a different interrupt, or a different "
	-"way of passing parameters, all you need to change is the kernel procedure."
	+"code to a UNIX system which uses a different interrupt, or a different way "
	+"of passing parameters, all you need to change is the kernel procedure."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:137
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:136
	msgid ""
	"But assembly language programmers like to shave off cycles. The above "
	"example requires a `call/ret` combination. We can eliminate it by "
	@@ -231,7 +239,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:148
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:147
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"open:\n"
	@@ -245,38 +253,37 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:151
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:150
	msgid ""
	"The `5` that we have placed in `EAX` identifies the kernel function, in this "
	"case `open`."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:153
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:152
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Alternate Calling Convention"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:158
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:157
	msgid ""
	"FreeBSD is an extremely flexible system. It offers other ways of calling "
	-"the kernel. For it to work, however, the system must have Linux emulation "
	-"installed."
	+"the kernel. For it to work, however, the system must have Linux(R) "
	+"emulation installed."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:163
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:162
	msgid ""
	-"Linux is a UNIX(R) like system. However, its kernel uses the same system-"
	-"call convention of passing parameters in registers MS-DOS(R) does. As with "
	-"the UNIX(R) convention, the function number is placed in `EAX`. The "
	-"parameters, however, are not passed on the stack but in `EBX, ECX, EDX, ESI, "
	-"EDI, EBP`:"
	+"Linux is a UNIX-like system. However, its kernel uses the same system-call "
	+"convention of passing parameters in registers MS-DOS does. As with the UNIX "
	+"convention, the function number is placed in `EAX`. The parameters, "
	+"however, are not passed on the stack but in `EBX, ECX, EDX, ESI, EDI, EBP`:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:172
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:171
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"open:\n"
	@@ -288,7 +295,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:178
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:177
	msgid ""
	"This convention has a great disadvantage over the UNIX(R) way, at least as "
	"far as assembly language programming is concerned: Every time you make a "
	@@ -298,7 +305,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:181
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:180
	msgid ""
	"If you do choose the Linux convention, you must let the system know about "
	"it. After your program is assembled and linked, you need to brand the "
	@@ -306,28 +313,28 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:185
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:184
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "% brandelf -t Linux filename\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:188
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:187
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Which Convention Should You Use?"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:193
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:192
	msgid ""
	-"If you are coding specifically for FreeBSD, you should always use the "
	-"UNIX(R) convention: It is faster, you can store global variables in "
	-"registers, you do not have to brand the executable, and you do not impose "
	-"the installation of the Linux emulation package on the target system."
	+"If you are coding specifically for FreeBSD, you should always use the UNIX "
	+"convention: It is faster, you can store global variables in registers, you "
	+"do not have to brand the executable, and you do not impose the installation "
	+"of the Linux emulation package on the target system."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:196
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:195
	msgid ""
	"If you want to create portable code that can also run on Linux, you will "
	"probably still want to give the FreeBSD users as efficient a code as "
	@@ -336,26 +343,26 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:198
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:197
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Call Numbers"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:202
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:201
	msgid ""
	"To tell the kernel which system service you are calling, place its number in "
	"`EAX`. Of course, you need to know what the number is."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:204
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:203
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "The [.filename]#syscalls# File"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:208
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:207
	msgid ""
	"The numbers are listed in [.filename]#syscalls#. `locate syscalls` finds "
	"this file in several different formats, all produced automatically from "
	@@ -363,28 +370,28 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:211
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:210
	msgid ""
	-"You can find the master file for the default UNIX(R) calling convention in "
	+"You can find the master file for the default UNIX calling convention in "
	"[.filename]#/usr/src/sys/kern/syscalls.master#. If you need to use the "
	"other convention implemented in the Linux emulation mode, read [.filename]#/"
	"usr/src/sys/i386/linux/syscalls.master#."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:215
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:214
	msgid ""
	"Not only do FreeBSD and Linux use different calling conventions, they "
	"sometimes use different numbers for the same functions."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:218
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:217
	msgid "[.filename]#syscalls.master# describes how the call is to be made:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:229
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:228
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"0\tSTD\tNOHIDE\t{ int nosys(void); } syscall nosys_args int\n"
	@@ -398,32 +405,32 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:232
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:231
	msgid "It is the leftmost column that tells us the number to place in `EAX`."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:235
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:234
	msgid ""
	"The rightmost column tells us what parameters to `push`. They are "
	"``push``ed _from right to left_."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:237
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:236
	msgid ""
	"For example, to `open` a file, we need to `push` the `mode` first, then "
	"`flags`, then the address at which the `path` is stored."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:239
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:238
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Return Values"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:243
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:242
	msgid ""
	"A system call would not be useful most of the time if it did not return some "
	"kind of a value: The file descriptor of an open file, the number of bytes "
	@@ -431,7 +438,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:246
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:245
	msgid ""
	"Additionally, the system needs to inform us if an error occurs: A file does "
	"not exist, system resources are exhausted, we passed an invalid parameter, "
	@@ -439,26 +446,26 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:248
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:247
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Man Pages"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:252
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:251
	msgid ""
	"The traditional place to look for information about various system calls "
	-"under UNIX(R) systems are the manual pages. FreeBSD describes its system "
	-"calls in section 2, sometimes in section 3."
	+"under UNIX systems are the manual pages. FreeBSD describes its system calls "
	+"in section 2, sometimes in section 3."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:254
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:253
	msgid "For example, man:open[2] says:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:258
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:257
	msgid ""
	"If successful, `open()` returns a non-negative integer, termed a file "
	"descriptor. It returns `-1` on failure, and sets `errno` to indicate the "
	@@ -466,27 +473,27 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:260
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:259
	msgid ""
	-"The assembly language programmer new to UNIX(R) and FreeBSD will immediately "
	+"The assembly language programmer new to UNIX and FreeBSD will immediately "
	"ask the puzzling question: Where is `errno` and how do I get to it?"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:265
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:264
	msgid ""
	"The information presented in the manual pages applies to C programs. The "
	"assembly language programmer needs additional information."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:268
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:267
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Where Are the Return Values?"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:273
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:272
	msgid ""
	"Unfortunately, it depends... For most system calls it is in `EAX`, but not "
	"for all. A good rule of thumb, when working with a system call for the "
	@@ -495,7 +502,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:279
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:278
	msgid ""
	"I am aware of one system call that returns the value in `EDX`: `SYS_fork`. "
	"All others I have worked with use `EAX`. But I have not worked with them "
	@@ -503,33 +510,33 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:284
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:283
	msgid ""
	"If you cannot find the answer here or anywhere else, study libc source code "
	"and see how it interfaces with the kernel."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:287
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:286
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Where Is `errno`?"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:290
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:289
	msgid "Actually, nowhere..."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:293
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:292
	msgid ""
	-"`errno` is part of the C language, not the UNIX(R) kernel. When accessing "
	+"`errno` is part of the C language, not the UNIX kernel. When accessing "
	"kernel services directly, the error code is returned in `EAX`, the same "
	"register the proper return value generally ends up in."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:297
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:296
	msgid ""
	"This makes perfect sense. If there is no error, there is no error code. If "
	"there is an error, there is no return value. One register can contain "
	@@ -537,20 +544,20 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:299
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:298
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Determining an Error Occurred"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:302
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:301
	msgid ""
	"When using the standard FreeBSD calling convention, the `carry flag` is "
	"cleared upon success, set upon failure."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:305
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:304
	msgid ""
	"When using the Linux emulation mode, the signed value in `EAX` is non-"
	"negative upon success, and contains the return value. In case of an error, "
	@@ -558,13 +565,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:307
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:306
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Creating Portable Code"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:312
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:311
	msgid ""
	"Portability is generally not one of the strengths of assembly language. "
	"Yet, writing assembly language programs for different platforms is possible, "
	@@ -573,29 +580,29 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:314
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:313
	msgid ""
	"It is all the more possible when you want your code to run on two platforms "
	"which, while different, are based on similar architectures."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:318
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:317
	msgid ""
	-"For example, FreeBSD is UNIX(R), Linux is UNIX(R) like. I only mentioned "
	-"three differences between them (from an assembly language programmer's "
	+"For example, FreeBSD is UNIX, Linux is UNIX-like. I only mentioned three "
	+"differences between them (from an assembly language programmer's "
	"perspective): The calling convention, the function numbers, and the way of "
	"returning values."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:320
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:319
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Dealing with Function Numbers"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:325
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:324
	msgid ""
	"In many cases the function numbers are the same. However, even when they "
	"are not, the problem is easy to deal with: Instead of using numbers in your "
	@@ -604,7 +611,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:333
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:332
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"%ifdef\tLINUX\n"
	@@ -615,26 +622,26 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:336
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:335
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Dealing with Conventions"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:339
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:338
	msgid ""
	"Both, the calling convention, and the return value (the `errno` problem) can "
	"be resolved with macros:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:343
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:342
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "%ifdef\tLINUX\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:347
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:346
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"%macro\tsystem\t0\n"
	@@ -643,7 +650,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:356
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:355
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -657,7 +664,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:363
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:362
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tmov\tebx, [esp+32]\n"
	@@ -669,7 +676,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:370
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:369
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tpop\tebp\n"
	@@ -681,7 +688,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:375
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:374
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tor\teax, eax\n"
	@@ -691,7 +698,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:380
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:379
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".errno:\n"
	@@ -701,13 +708,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:382
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:381
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "%else\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:386
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:385
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"%macro\tsystem\t0\n"
	@@ -716,19 +723,19 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:388
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:387
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "%endif\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:391
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:390
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Dealing with Other Portability Issues"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:395
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:394
	msgid ""
	"The above solutions can handle most cases of writing code portable between "
	"FreeBSD and Linux. Nevertheless, with some kernel services the differences "
	@@ -736,7 +743,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:398
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:397
	msgid ""
	"In that case, you need to write two different handlers for those particular "
	"system calls, and use conditional assembly. Luckily, most of your code does "
	@@ -745,13 +752,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:400
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:399
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Using a Library"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:404
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:403
	msgid ""
	"You can avoid portability issues in your main code altogether by writing a "
	"library of system calls. Create a separate library for FreeBSD, a different "
	@@ -759,7 +766,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:409
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:408
	msgid ""
	"In your library, write a separate function (or procedure, if you prefer the "
	"traditional assembly language terminology) for each system call. Use the C "
	@@ -769,7 +776,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:417
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:416
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"sys.open:\n"
	@@ -780,14 +787,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:421
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:420
	msgid ""
	"Your Linux library will require more different functions. But even here you "
	"can group system calls using the same number of parameters:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:432
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:431
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"sys.exit:\n"
	@@ -801,13 +808,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:434
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:433
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "...\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:440
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:439
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"sys.return:\n"
	@@ -818,7 +825,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:445
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:444
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"sys.err:\n"
	@@ -828,7 +835,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:452
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:451
	msgid ""
	"The library approach may seem inconvenient at first because it requires you "
	"to produce a separate file your code depends on. But it has many "
	@@ -841,7 +848,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:454
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:453
	msgid ""
	"If you do not like the idea of having a library, you can at least place all "
	"your system calls in a separate assembly language file and link it with your "
	@@ -850,20 +857,20 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:456
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:455
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Using an Include File"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:459
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:458
	msgid ""
	"If you are releasing your software as (or with) source code, you can use "
	"macros and place them in a separate file, which you include in your code."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:462
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:461
	msgid ""
	"Porters of your software will simply write a new include file. No library "
	"or external object file is necessary, yet your code is portable without any "
	@@ -871,22 +878,22 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:467
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:466
	msgid ""
	-"This is the approach we will use throughout this chapter. We will name our "
	+"This is the approach we will use throughout this article. We will name our "
	"include file [.filename]#system.inc#, and add to it whenever we deal with a "
	"new system call."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:470
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:469
	msgid ""
	"We can start our [.filename]#system.inc# by declaring the standard file "
	"descriptors:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:476
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:475
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"%define\tstdin\t0\n"
	@@ -895,12 +902,12 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:479
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:478
	msgid "Next, we create a symbolic name for each system call:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:488
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:487
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"%define\tSYS_nosys\t0\n"
	@@ -912,14 +919,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:491
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:490
	msgid ""
	"We add a short, non-global procedure with a long name, so we do not "
	"accidentally reuse the name in our code:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:499
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:498
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"section\t.text\n"
	@@ -930,12 +937,12 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:502
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:501
	msgid "We create a macro which takes one argument, the syscall number:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:509
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:508
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"%macro\tsystem\t1\n"
	@@ -945,13 +952,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:513
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:512
	msgid ""
	"Finally, we create macros for each syscall. These macros take no arguments."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:519
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:518
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"%macro\tsys.exit\t0\n"
	@@ -960,7 +967,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:523
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:522
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"%macro\tsys.fork\t0\n"
	@@ -969,7 +976,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:527
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:526
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"%macro\tsys.read\t0\n"
	@@ -978,7 +985,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:531
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:530
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"%macro\tsys.write\t0\n"
	@@ -987,37 +994,37 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:533
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:532
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "; [etc...]\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:537
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:536
	msgid ""
	"Go ahead, enter it into your editor and save it as [.filename]#system.inc#. "
	"We will add more to it as we discuss more syscalls."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:539
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:538
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Our First Program"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:542
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:541
	msgid "We are now ready for our first program, the mandatory Hello, World!"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:546
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:545
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "\t%include\t'system.inc'\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:550
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:549
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tsection\t.data\n"
	@@ -1026,7 +1033,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:558
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:557
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tsection\t.text\n"
	@@ -1039,7 +1046,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:561
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:560
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tpush\tdword 0\n"
	@@ -1047,14 +1054,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:564
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:563
	msgid ""
	"Here is what it does: Line 1 includes the defines, the macros, and the code "
	"from [.filename]#system.inc#."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:568
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:567
	msgid ""
	"Lines 3-5 are the data: Line 3 starts the data section/segment. Line 4 "
	"contains the string \"Hello, World!\" followed by a new line (`0Ah`). Line "
	@@ -1063,7 +1070,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:572
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:571
	msgid ""
	"Lines 7-16 contain the code. Note that FreeBSD uses the _elf_ file format "
	"for its executables, which requires every program to start at the point "
	@@ -1072,96 +1079,50 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:574
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:573
	msgid ""
	"Lines 10-13 ask the system to write `hbytes` bytes of the `hello` string to "
	"`stdout`."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:577
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:576
	msgid ""
	"Lines 15-16 ask the system to end the program with the return value of `0`. "
	"The `SYS_exit` syscall never returns, so the code ends there."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:585
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:584
	msgid ""
	-"If you have come to UNIX(R) from MS-DOS(R) assembly language background, you "
	-"may be used to writing directly to the video hardware. You will never have "
	-"to worry about this in FreeBSD, or any other flavor of UNIX(R). As far as "
	-"you are concerned, you are writing to a file known as [.filename]#stdout#. "
	-"This can be the video screen, or a telnet terminal, or an actual file, or "
	-"even the input of another program. Which one it is, is for the system to "
	-"figure out."
	+"If you have come to UNIX from MS-DOS assembly language background, you may "
	+"be used to writing directly to the video hardware. You will never have to "
	+"worry about this in FreeBSD, or any other flavor of UNIX. As far as you are "
	+"concerned, you are writing to a file known as [.filename]#stdout#. This can "
	+"be the video screen, or a telnet terminal, or an actual file, or even the "
	+"input of another program. Which one it is, is for the system to figure out."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:588
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:587
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Assembling the Code"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:592
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:591
	msgid ""
	"Type the code in an editor, and save it in a file named "
	-"[.filename]#hello.asm#. You need nasm to assemble it."
	-msgstr ""
	-
	-#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:594
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Installing nasm"
	-msgstr ""
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:597
	-msgid "If you do not have nasm, type:"
	-msgstr ""
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:606
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"% su\n"
	-"Password:your root password\n"
	-"# cd /usr/ports/devel/nasm\n"
	-"# make install\n"
	-"# exit\n"
	-"%\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:609
	-msgid ""
	-"You may type `make install clean` instead of just `make install` if you do "
	-"not want to keep nasm source code."
	-msgstr ""
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:611
	-msgid ""
	-"Either way, FreeBSD will automatically download nasm from the Internet, "
	-"compile it, and install it on your system."
	-msgstr ""
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:616
	-msgid ""
	-"If your system is not FreeBSD, you need to get nasm from its https://"
	-"sourceforge.net/projects/nasm[home page]. You can still use it to assemble "
	-"FreeBSD code."
	+"[.filename]#hello.asm#. You need package:devel/nasm[] to assemble it."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:619
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:593
	msgid "Now you can assemble, link, and run the code:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:627
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:601
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"% nasm -f elf hello.asm\n"
	@@ -1172,21 +1133,21 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:630
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:604
	#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Writing UNIX(R) Filters"
	+msgid "Writing UNIX Filters"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:633
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:607
	msgid ""
	-"A common type of UNIX(R) application is a filter-a program that reads data "
	-"from the [.filename]#stdin#, processes it somehow, then writes the result to "
	+"A common type of UNIX application is a filter-a program that reads data from "
	+"the [.filename]#stdin#, processes it somehow, then writes the result to "
	"[.filename]#stdout#."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:636
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:610
	msgid ""
	"In this chapter, we shall develop a simple filter, and learn how to read "
	"from [.filename]#stdin# and write to [.filename]#stdout#. This filter will "
	@@ -1195,20 +1156,20 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:640
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:734
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:824
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:952
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1219
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2337
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3335
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:614
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:708
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:798
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:926
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1193
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2313
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3311
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "%include\t'system.inc'\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:644
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:738
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:618
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:712
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"section\t.data\n"
	@@ -1217,7 +1178,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:656
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:630
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"section\t.text\n"
	@@ -1234,7 +1195,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:666
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:640
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; convert it to hex\n"
	@@ -1249,7 +1210,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:674
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:648
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; print it\n"
	@@ -1262,8 +1223,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:678
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:781
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:652
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:755
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".done:\n"
	@@ -1272,7 +1233,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:686
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:660
	msgid ""
	"In the data section we create an array called `hex`. It contains the 16 "
	"hexadecimal digits in ascending order. The array is followed by a buffer "
	@@ -1283,14 +1244,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:688
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:662
	msgid ""
	"The code section consists of four parts: Reading the byte, converting it to "
	"a hexadecimal number, writing the result, and eventually exiting the program."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:694
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:668
	msgid ""
	"To read the byte, we ask the system to read one byte from "
	"[.filename]#stdin#, and store it in the first byte of the `buffer`. The "
	@@ -1301,14 +1262,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:698
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:672
	msgid ""
	"For simplicity sake, we are ignoring the possibility of an error condition "
	"at this time."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:703
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:677
	msgid ""
	"The hexadecimal conversion reads the byte from the `buffer` into `EAX`, or "
	"actually just `AL`, while clearing the remaining bits of `EAX` to zeros. We "
	@@ -1318,7 +1279,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:706
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:680
	msgid ""
	"Next, we ask the system to write the three bytes of the buffer, i.e., the "
	"two hexadecimal digits and the blank space, to [.filename]#stdout#. We then "
	@@ -1326,7 +1287,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:708
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:682
	msgid ""
	"Once there is no more input left, we ask the system to exit our program, "
	"returning a zero, which is the traditional value meaning the program was "
	@@ -1334,7 +1295,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:710
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:684
	msgid ""
	"Go ahead, and save the code in a file named [.filename]#hex.asm#, then type "
	"the following (the `^D` means press the control key and type `D` while "
	@@ -1342,7 +1303,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:719
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:693
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"% nasm -f elf hex.asm\n"
	@@ -1354,16 +1315,15 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:725
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:699
	msgid ""
	-"If you are migrating to UNIX(R) from MS-DOS(R), you may be wondering why "
	-"each line ends with `0A` instead of `0D 0A`. This is because UNIX(R) does "
	-"not use the cr/lf convention, but a \"new line\" convention, which is `0A` "
	-"in hexadecimal."
	+"If you are migrating to UNIX from MS-DOS, you may be wondering why each line "
	+"ends with `0A` instead of `0D 0A`. This is because UNIX does not use the cr/"
	+"lf convention, but a \"new line\" convention, which is `0A` in hexadecimal."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:730
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:704
	msgid ""
	"Can we improve this? Well, for one, it is a bit confusing because once we "
	"have converted a line of text, our input no longer starts at the beginning "
	@@ -1372,7 +1332,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:743
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:717
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"section\t.text\n"
	@@ -1382,7 +1342,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:753
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:727
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".loop:\n"
	@@ -1397,7 +1357,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:760
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:734
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; convert it to hex\n"
	@@ -1409,7 +1369,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:769
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:743
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".hex:\n"
	@@ -1423,7 +1383,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:777
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:751
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; print it\n"
	@@ -1436,15 +1396,15 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:785
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:759
	msgid ""
	"We have stored the space in the `CL` register. We can do this safely "
	-"because, unlike Microsoft(R) Windows(R), UNIX(R) system calls do not modify "
	-"the value of any register they do not use to return a value in."
	+"because, unlike Microsoft Windows, UNIX system calls do not modify the value "
	+"of any register they do not use to return a value in."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:789
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:763
	msgid ""
	"That means we only need to set `CL` once. We have, therefore, added a new "
	"label `.loop` and jump to it for the next byte instead of jumping at "
	@@ -1453,14 +1413,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:791
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:765
	msgid ""
	"Once you have changed [.filename]#hex.asm# to reflect these changes, type:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:802
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1061
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:776
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1035
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"% nasm -f elf hex.asm\n"
	@@ -1474,7 +1434,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:806
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:780
	msgid ""
	"That looks better. But this code is quite inefficient! We are making a "
	"system call for every single byte twice (once to read it, another time to "
	@@ -1482,13 +1442,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:808
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:782
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Buffered Input and Output"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:813
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:787
	msgid ""
	"We can improve the efficiency of our code by buffering our input and "
	"output. We create an input buffer and read a whole sequence of bytes at one "
	@@ -1496,7 +1456,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:816
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:790
	msgid ""
	"We also create an output buffer. We store our output in it until it is "
	"full. At that time we ask the kernel to write the contents of the buffer to "
	@@ -1504,7 +1464,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:820
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:794
	msgid ""
	"The program ends when there is no more input. But we still need to ask the "
	"kernel to write the contents of our output buffer to [.filename]#stdout# one "
	@@ -1514,18 +1474,18 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:826
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:954
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1221
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2339
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3337
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:800
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:928
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1195
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2315
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3313
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "%define\tBUFSIZE\t2048\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:829
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:957
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:803
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:931
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"section\t.data\n"
	@@ -1533,10 +1493,10 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:833
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:961
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1230
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2353
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:807
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:935
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1204
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2329
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"section .bss\n"
	@@ -1545,8 +1505,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:841
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:969
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:815
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:943
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"section\t.text\n"
	@@ -1559,9 +1519,9 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:845
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:973
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2501
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:819
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:947
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2477
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".loop:\n"
	@@ -1570,9 +1530,9 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:851
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:979
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1283
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:825
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:953
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1257
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; convert it to hex\n"
	@@ -1583,9 +1543,9 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:856
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:984
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1288
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:830
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:958
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1262
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tmov\tal, dl\n"
	@@ -1595,9 +1555,9 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:861
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:989
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1293
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:835
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:963
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1267
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tmov\tal, ' '\n"
	@@ -1607,8 +1567,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:865
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2512
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:839
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2488
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".put:\n"
	@@ -1617,11 +1577,11 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:870
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1001
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1305
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2534
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3848
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:844
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:975
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1279
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2510
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3824
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -1631,20 +1591,20 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:872
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1003
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1307
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2536
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3850
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:846
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:977
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1281
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2512
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3826
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "\tcall\tread\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:877
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1008
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1312
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2541
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:851
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:982
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1286
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2517
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".fetch:\n"
	@@ -1654,8 +1614,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:890
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1021
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:864
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:995
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"read:\n"
	@@ -1673,8 +1633,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:896
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1027
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:870
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1001
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -1685,11 +1645,11 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:904
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1035
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1348
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2581
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3887
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:878
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1009
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1322
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2557
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3863
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -1702,8 +1662,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:916
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1047
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:890
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1021
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -1720,7 +1680,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:922
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:896
	msgid ""
	"We now have a third section in the source code, named `.bss`. This section "
	"is not included in our executable file, and, therefore, cannot be "
	@@ -1729,18 +1689,18 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:926
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:900
	msgid ""
	"We take advantage of the fact that the system does not modify the registers: "
	"We use registers for what, otherwise, would have to be global variables "
	-"stored in the `.data` section. This is also why the UNIX(R) convention of "
	+"stored in the `.data` section. This is also why the UNIX convention of "
	"passing parameters to system calls on the stack is superior to the Microsoft "
	"convention of passing them in the registers: We can keep the registers for "
	"our own use."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:930
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:904
	msgid ""
	"We use `EDI` and `ESI` as pointers to the next byte to be read from or "
	"written to. We use `EBX` and `ECX` to keep count of the number of bytes in "
	@@ -1749,12 +1709,12 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:932
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:906
	msgid "Let us see how it works now:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:943
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:917
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"% nasm -f elf hex.asm\n"
	@@ -1768,7 +1728,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:948
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:922
	msgid ""
	"Not what you expected? The program did not print the output until we pressed "
	"`^D`. That is easy to fix by inserting three lines of code to write the "
	@@ -1777,7 +1737,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:996
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:970
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".put:\n"
	@@ -1789,17 +1749,17 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1050
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1024
	msgid "Now, let us see how it works:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1064
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1038
	msgid "Not bad for a 644-byte executable, is it!"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1069
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1043
	msgid ""
	"This approach to buffered input/output still contains a hidden danger. I "
	"will discuss-and fix-it later, when I talk about the crossref:x86[x86-"
	@@ -1807,13 +1767,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1072
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1046
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "How to Unread a Character"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1078
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1052
	msgid ""
	"This may be a somewhat advanced topic, mostly of interest to programmers "
	"familiar with the theory of compilers. If you wish, you may "
	@@ -1822,7 +1782,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1084
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1058
	msgid ""
	"While our sample program does not require it, more sophisticated filters "
	"often need to look ahead. In other words, they may need to see what the "
	@@ -1832,7 +1792,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1088
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1062
	msgid ""
	"For example, you may be parsing the input stream for a textual string (e.g., "
	"when implementing a language compiler): If a character is followed by "
	@@ -1842,14 +1802,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1090
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1064
	msgid ""
	"This presents an interesting problem: How to return the next character back "
	"to the input stream, so it can be read again later?"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1094
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1068
	msgid ""
	"One possible solution is to store it in a character variable, then set a "
	"flag. We can modify `getchar` to check the flag, and if it is set, fetch "
	@@ -1858,7 +1818,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1099
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1073
	msgid ""
	"The C language has an `ungetc()` function, just for that purpose. Is there "
	"a quick way to implement it in our code? I would like you to scroll back up "
	@@ -1868,28 +1828,28 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1101
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1075
	msgid ""
	"The key to returning a character back to the stream is in how we are getting "
	"the characters to start with:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1104
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1078
	msgid ""
	"First we check if the buffer is empty by testing the value of `EBX`. If it "
	"is zero, we call the `read` procedure."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1107
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1081
	msgid ""
	"If we do have a character available, we use `lodsb`, then decrease the value "
	"of `EBX`. The `lodsb` instruction is effectively identical to:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1112
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1086
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"mov\tal, [esi]\n"
	@@ -1897,7 +1857,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1117
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1091
	msgid ""
	"The byte we have fetched remains in the buffer until the next time `read` is "
	"called. We do not know when that happens, but we do know it will not happen "
	@@ -1907,7 +1867,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1124
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1098
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"ungetc:\n"
	@@ -1917,7 +1877,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1128
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1102
	msgid ""
	"But, be careful! We are perfectly safe doing this if our look-ahead is at "
	"most one character at a time. If we are examining more than one upcoming "
	@@ -1926,7 +1886,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1131
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1105
	msgid ""
	"Because as long as `getchar` does not have to call `read`, all of the pre-"
	"read bytes are still in the buffer, and our `ungetc` works without a "
	@@ -1935,28 +1895,28 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1133
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1107
	msgid ""
	"We can always rely on `ungetc` working properly on the last character we "
	"have read with `getchar`, but not on anything we have read before that."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1135
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1109
	msgid ""
	"If your program reads more than one byte ahead, you have at least two "
	"choices:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1138
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1112
	msgid ""
	"If possible, modify the program so it only reads one byte ahead. This is "
	"the simplest solution."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1142
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1116
	msgid ""
	"If that option is not available, first of all determine the maximum number "
	"of characters your program needs to return to the input stream at one time. "
	@@ -1967,7 +1927,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1149
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1123
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"section\t.bss\n"
	@@ -1977,14 +1937,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1152
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1126
	msgid ""
	"You also need to modify your `ungetc` to pass the value of the byte to unget "
	"in `AL`:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1160
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1134
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"ungetc:\n"
	@@ -1995,7 +1955,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1163
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1137
	msgid ""
	"With this modification, you can call `ungetc` up to 17 times in a row safely "
	"(the first call will still be within the buffer, the remaining 16 may be "
	@@ -2003,13 +1963,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1165
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1139
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Command Line Arguments"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1169
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1143
	msgid ""
	"Our hex program will be more useful if it can read the names of an input and "
	"output file from its command line, i.e., if it can process the command line "
	@@ -2017,23 +1977,23 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1173
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1147
	msgid ""
	-"Before a UNIX(R) system starts a program, it ``push``es some data on the "
	-"stack, then jumps at the `_start` label of the program. Yes, I said jumps, "
	-"not calls. That means the data can be accessed by reading `[esp+offset]`, "
	-"or by simply ``pop``ping it."
	+"Before a UNIX system starts a program, it ``push``es some data on the stack, "
	+"then jumps at the `_start` label of the program. Yes, I said jumps, not "
	+"calls. That means the data can be accessed by reading `[esp+offset]`, or by "
	+"simply ``pop``ping it."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1176
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1150
	msgid ""
	"The value at the top of the stack contains the number of command line "
	"arguments. It is traditionally called `argc`, for \"argument count.\""
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1181
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1155
	msgid ""
	"Command line arguments follow next, all `argc` of them. These are typically "
	"referred to as `argv`, for \"argument value(s).\" That is, we get `argv[0]`, "
	@@ -2043,23 +2003,23 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1183
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1157
	msgid ""
	"The `argv` list is followed by a NULL pointer, which is simply a `0`. There "
	"is more, but this is enough for our purposes right now."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1188
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1162
	msgid ""
	-"If you have come from the MS-DOS(R) programming environment, the main "
	+"If you have come from the MS-DOS programming environment, the main "
	"difference is that each argument is in a separate string. The second "
	"difference is that there is no practical limit on how many arguments there "
	"can be."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1192
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1166
	msgid ""
	"Armed with this knowledge, we are almost ready for the next version of "
	"[.filename]#hex.asm#. First, however, we need to add a few lines to "
	@@ -2067,13 +2027,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1194
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1168
	msgid ""
	"First, we need to add two new entries to our list of system call numbers:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1199
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1173
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"%define\tSYS_open\t5\n"
	@@ -2081,12 +2041,12 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1202
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1176
	msgid "Then we add two new macros at the end of the file:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1208
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1182
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"%macro\tsys.open\t0\n"
	@@ -2095,7 +2055,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1212
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1186
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"%macro\tsys.close\t0\n"
	@@ -2104,12 +2064,12 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1215
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1189
	msgid "Here, then, is our modified source code:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1226
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1200
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"section\t.data\n"
	@@ -2119,7 +2079,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1236
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1210
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"section\t.text\n"
	@@ -2130,7 +2090,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1241
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1215
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -2140,8 +2100,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1244
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1256
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1218
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1230
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tpop\tecx\n"
	@@ -2149,7 +2109,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1250
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1224
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; ECX contains the path to input file\n"
	@@ -2160,7 +2120,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1253
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1227
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tadd\tesp, byte 8\n"
	@@ -2168,7 +2128,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1264
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1238
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; ECX contains the path to output file\n"
	@@ -2181,7 +2141,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1267
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1241
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	@@ -2189,7 +2149,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1273
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1247
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".init:\n"
	@@ -2200,7 +2160,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1277
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1251
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".loop:\n"
	@@ -2209,7 +2169,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1300
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1274
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".put:\n"
	@@ -2221,7 +2181,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1325
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1299
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"read:\n"
	@@ -2239,8 +2199,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1329
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2562
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1303
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2538
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -2249,9 +2209,9 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1333
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2566
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3820
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1307
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2542
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3796
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; close files\n"
	@@ -2260,9 +2220,9 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1336
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2569
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3823
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1310
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2545
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3799
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tpush\tdword [fd.out]\n"
	@@ -2270,9 +2230,9 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1340
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2573
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3829
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1314
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2549
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3805
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; return success\n"
	@@ -2281,7 +2241,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1360
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1334
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -2298,21 +2258,21 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1364
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1338
	msgid ""
	"In our `.data` section we now have two new variables, `fd.in` and `fd.out`. "
	"We store the input and output file descriptors here."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1366
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1340
	msgid ""
	"In the `.text` section we have replaced the references to `stdin` and "
	"`stdout` with `[fd.in]` and `[fd.out]`."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1369
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1343
	msgid ""
	"The `.text` section now starts with a simple error handler, which does "
	"nothing but exit the program with a return value of `1`. The error handler "
	@@ -2321,7 +2281,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1372
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1346
	msgid ""
	"Naturally, the program execution still begins at `_start`. First, we remove "
	"`argc` and `argv[0]` from the stack: They are of no interest to us (in this "
	@@ -2329,7 +2289,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1378
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1352
	msgid ""
	"We pop `argv[1]` to `ECX`. This register is particularly suited for "
	"pointers, as we can handle NULL pointers with `jecxz`. If `argv[1]` is not "
	@@ -2340,7 +2300,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1383
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1357
	msgid ""
	"If all went well, we now check for the second argument. If it is there, we "
	"open the output file. Otherwise, we send the output to `stdout`. If we "
	@@ -2349,7 +2309,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1385
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1359
	msgid ""
	"The rest of the code is the same as before, except we close the input and "
	"output files before exiting, and, as mentioned, we use `[fd.in]` and "
	@@ -2357,36 +2317,36 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1387
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1361
	msgid "Our executable is now a whopping 768 bytes long."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1390
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1364
	msgid ""
	"Can we still improve it? Of course! Every program can be improved. Here are "
	"a few ideas of what we could do:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1392
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1366
	msgid "Have our error handler print a message to `stderr`."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1393
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1367
	msgid "Add error handlers to the `read` and `write` functions."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1394
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1368
	msgid ""
	"Close `stdin` when we open an input file, `stdout` when we open an output "
	"file."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1395
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1369
	msgid ""
	"Add command line switches, such as `-i` and `-o`, so we can list the input "
	"and output files in any order, or perhaps read from `stdin` and write to a "
	@@ -2394,39 +2354,39 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1396
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1370
	msgid "Print a usage message if command line arguments are incorrect."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1398
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1372
	msgid ""
	"I shall leave these enhancements as an exercise to the reader: You already "
	"know everything you need to know to implement them."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1400
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1374
	#, no-wrap
	-msgid "UNIX(R) Environment"
	+msgid "UNIX Environment"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1404
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1378
	msgid ""
	-"An important UNIX(R) concept is the environment, which is defined by "
	+"An important UNIX concept is the environment, which is defined by "
	"_environment variables_. Some are set by the system, others by you, yet "
	"others by the shell, or any program that loads another program."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1406
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1380
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "How to Find Environment Variables"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1411
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1385
	msgid ""
	"I said earlier that when a program starts executing, the stack contains "
	"`argc` followed by the NULL-terminated `argv` array, followed by something "
	@@ -2436,7 +2396,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1414
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1388
	msgid ""
	"The structure of `env` is the same as that of `argv`, a list of memory "
	"addresses followed by a NULL (`0`). In this case, there is no `\"envc\"`-we "
	@@ -2444,66 +2404,67 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1417
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1391
	msgid ""
	"The variables usually come in the `name=value` format, but sometimes the "
	"`=value` part may be missing. We need to account for that possibility."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1419
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1393
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "webvars"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1423
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1397
	msgid ""
	"I could just show you some code that prints the environment the same way the "
	-"UNIX(R) env command does. But I thought it would be more interesting to "
	-"write a simple assembly language CGI utility."
	+"UNIX env command does. But I thought it would be more interesting to write "
	+"a simple assembly language CGI utility."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1425
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1399
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "CGI: a Quick Overview"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1428
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1404
	msgid ""
	-"I have a http://www.whizkidtech.redprince.net/cgi-bin/tutorial[detailed CGI "
	-"tutorial] on my web site, but here is a very quick overview of CGI:"
	+"I have a link:https://web.archive.org/web/20230612082452/http://"
	+"www.whizkidtech.redprince.net/cgi-bin/tutorial[detailed CGI tutorial] on my "
	+"web site, but here is a very quick overview of CGI:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1430
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1406
	msgid ""
	"The web server communicates with the CGI program by setting _environment "
	"variables_."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1431
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1407
	msgid ""
	"The CGI program sends its output to [.filename]#stdout#. The web server "
	"reads it from there."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1432
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1408
	msgid "It must start with an HTTP header followed by two blank lines."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1433
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1409
	msgid ""
	"It then prints the HTML code, or whatever other type of data it is producing."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1438
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1414
	msgid ""
	"While certain _environment variables_ use standard names, others vary, "
	"depending on the web server. That makes webvars quite a useful diagnostic "
	@@ -2511,13 +2472,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1441
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1417
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "The Code"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1445
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1421
	msgid ""
	"Our webvars program, then, must send out the HTTP header followed by some "
	"HTML mark-up. It then must read the _environment variables_ one by one and "
	@@ -2525,13 +2486,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1448
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1424
	msgid ""
	"The code follows. I placed comments and explanations right inside the code:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1485
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1461
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	";;;;;;; webvars.asm ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	@@ -2571,7 +2532,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1522
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1498
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"section\t.data\n"
	@@ -2613,7 +2574,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1532
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1508
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"section\t.text\n"
	@@ -2628,7 +2589,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1536
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1512
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Now find how far on the stack the environment pointers\n"
	@@ -2637,7 +2598,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1551
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1527
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; We need to remove the following from the stack:\n"
	@@ -2657,7 +2618,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1557
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1533
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Loop through the environment, printing it out\n"
	@@ -2668,7 +2629,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1563
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1539
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Print the left part of HTML\n"
	@@ -2679,7 +2640,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1574
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1550
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; It may be tempting to search for the '=' in the env string next.\n"
	@@ -2695,7 +2656,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1581
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1557
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Now is the time to find '='\n"
	@@ -2707,7 +2668,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1586
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1562
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tpush\tecx\n"
	@@ -2717,7 +2678,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1592
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1568
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Print the middle part of HTML table code\n"
	@@ -2728,7 +2689,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1596
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1572
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Find the length of the value\n"
	@@ -2737,7 +2698,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1600
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1576
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Print \"undefined\" if 0\n"
	@@ -2746,7 +2707,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1603
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1579
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tmov\tebx, undeflen\n"
	@@ -2754,7 +2715,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1609
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1585
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".value:\n"
	@@ -2765,7 +2726,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1615
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1591
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Print the right part of the table row\n"
	@@ -2776,7 +2737,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1618
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1594
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Get rid of the 60 bytes we have pushed\n"
	@@ -2784,7 +2745,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1621
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1597
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Get the next variable\n"
	@@ -2792,7 +2753,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1628
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1604
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".wrap:\n"
	@@ -2804,7 +2765,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1632
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1608
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Return success\n"
	@@ -2813,19 +2774,19 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1636
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1612
	msgid ""
	"This code produces a 1,396-byte executable. Most of it is data, i.e., the "
	"HTML mark-up we need to send out."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1638
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1614
	msgid "Assemble and link it as usual:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1643
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1619
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"% nasm -f elf webvars.asm\n"
	@@ -2833,7 +2794,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1647
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1623
	msgid ""
	"To use it, you need to upload [.filename]#webvars# to your web server. "
	"Depending on how your web server is set up, you may have to store it in a "
	@@ -2842,33 +2803,30 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1651
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1627
	msgid ""
	"Then you need to use your browser to view its output. To see its output on "
	-"my web server, please go to http://www.int80h.org/webvars/[http://"
	-"www.int80h.org/webvars/]. If curious about the additional environment "
	-"variables present in a password protected web directory, go to http://"
	-"www.int80h.org/private/[http://www.int80h.org/private/], using the name "
	-"`asm` and password `programmer`."
	+"my web server, please go to link:https://web.archive.org/web/20100818031015/"
	+"http://www.int80h.org/webvars/[http://www.int80h.org/webvars]."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1653
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1629
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Working with Files"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1658
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1634
	msgid ""
	"We have already done some basic file work: We know how to open and close "
	-"them, how to read and write them using buffers. But UNIX(R) offers much "
	-"more functionality when it comes to files. We will examine some of it in "
	-"this section, and end up with a nice file conversion utility."
	+"them, how to read and write them using buffers. But UNIX offers much more "
	+"functionality when it comes to files. We will examine some of it in this "
	+"section, and end up with a nice file conversion utility."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1661
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1637
	msgid ""
	"Indeed, let us start at the end, that is, with the file conversion utility. "
	"It always makes programming easier when we know from the start what the end "
	@@ -2876,27 +2834,27 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1667
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1643
	msgid ""
	-"One of the first programs I wrote for UNIX(R) was link:ftp://ftp.int80h.org/"
	-"unix/tuc/[tuc], a text-to-UNIX(R) file converter. It converts a text file "
	-"from other operating systems to a UNIX(R) text file. In other words, it "
	-"changes from different kind of line endings to the newline convention of "
	-"UNIX(R). It saves the output in a different file. Optionally, it converts "
	-"a UNIX(R) text file to a DOS text file."
	+"One of the first programs I wrote for UNIX was package:converters/"
	+"tuc[tuc(1)], a text-to-UNIX file converter. It converts a text file from "
	+"other operating systems to a UNIX text file. In other words, it changes "
	+"from different kind of line endings to the newline convention of UNIX. It "
	+"saves the output in a different file. Optionally, it converts a UNIX text "
	+"file to a DOS text file."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1671
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1647
	msgid ""
	"I have used tuc extensively, but always only to convert from some other OS "
	-"to UNIX(R), never the other way. I have always wished it would just "
	-"overwrite the file instead of me having to send the output to a different "
	-"file. Most of the time, I end up using it like this:"
	+"to UNIX, never the other way. I have always wished it would just overwrite "
	+"the file instead of me having to send the output to a different file. Most "
	+"of the time, I end up using it like this:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1676
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1652
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"% tuc myfile tempfile\n"
	@@ -2904,89 +2862,89 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1679
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1655
	msgid ""
	"It would be nice to have a ftuc, i.e., _fast tuc_, and use it like this:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1683
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1659
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "% ftuc myfile\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1686
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1662
	msgid ""
	-"In this chapter, then, we will write ftuc in assembly language (the original "
	+"In this article, then, we will write ftuc in assembly language (the original "
	"tuc is in C), and study various file-oriented kernel services in the process."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1688
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1664
	msgid ""
	"At first sight, such a file conversion is very simple: All you have to do is "
	"strip the carriage returns, right?"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1690
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1666
	msgid ""
	"If you answered yes, think again: That approach will work most of the time "
	"(at least with MS DOS text files), but will fail occasionally."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1695
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1671
	msgid ""
	-"The problem is that not all non UNIX(R) text files end their line with the "
	+"The problem is that not all non-UNIX text files end their line with the "
	"carriage return / line feed sequence. Some use carriage returns without "
	"line feeds. Others combine several blank lines into a single carriage "
	"return followed by several line feeds. And so on."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1697
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1673
	msgid ""
	"A text file converter, then, must be able to handle any possible line "
	"endings:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1699
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1675
	msgid "carriage return / line feed"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1700
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1676
	msgid "carriage return"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1701
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1677
	msgid "line feed / carriage return"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1702
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1678
	msgid "line feed"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1704
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1680
	msgid ""
	"It should also handle files that use some kind of a combination of the above "
	"(e.g., carriage return followed by several line feeds)."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1706
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1682
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Finite State Machine"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1713
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1689
	msgid ""
	"The problem is easily solved by the use of a technique called _finite state "
	"machine_, originally developed by the designers of digital electronic "
	@@ -3002,7 +2960,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1716
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1692
	msgid ""
	"Because of that, all software is essentially a sequence of state "
	"instructions for the microprocessor. Nevertheless, the concept of _finite "
	@@ -3010,7 +2968,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1719
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1695
	msgid ""
	"Our text file converter can be designer as a _finite state machine_ with "
	"three possible states. We could call them states 0-2, but it will make our "
	@@ -3018,50 +2976,50 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1721
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1697
	msgid "ordinary"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1722
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1698
	msgid "cr"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1723
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1699
	msgid "lf"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1725
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1701
	msgid ""
	"Our program will start in the ordinary state. During this state, the program "
	"action depends on its input as follows:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1728
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1704
	msgid ""
	"If the input is anything other than a carriage return or line feed, the "
	"input is simply passed on to the output. The state remains unchanged."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1730
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1706
	msgid ""
	"If the input is a carriage return, the state is changed to cr. The input is "
	"then discarded, i.e., no output is made."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1732
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1708
	msgid ""
	"If the input is a line feed, the state is changed to lf. The input is then "
	"discarded."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1735
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1711
	msgid ""
	"Whenever we are in the cr state, it is because the last input was a carriage "
	"return, which was unprocessed. What our software does in this state again "
	@@ -3069,14 +3027,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1737
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1713
	msgid ""
	"If the input is anything other than a carriage return or line feed, output a "
	"line feed, then output the input, then change the state to ordinary."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1738
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1714
	msgid ""
	"If the input is a carriage return, we have received two (or more) carriage "
	"returns in a row. We discard the input, we output a line feed, and leave the "
	@@ -3084,7 +3042,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1739
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1715
	msgid ""
	"If the input is a line feed, we output the line feed and change the state to "
	"ordinary. Note that this is not the same as the first case above - if we "
	@@ -3092,18 +3050,18 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1743
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1719
	msgid ""
	"Finally, we are in the lf state after we have received a line feed that was "
	"not preceded by a carriage return. This will happen when our file already "
	-"is in UNIX(R) format, or whenever several lines in a row are expressed by a "
	+"is in UNIX format, or whenever several lines in a row are expressed by a "
	"single carriage return followed by several line feeds, or when line ends "
	"with a line feed / carriage return sequence. Here is how we need to handle "
	"our input in this state:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1745
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1721
	msgid ""
	"If the input is anything other than a carriage return or line feed, we "
	"output a line feed, then output the input, then change the state to "
	@@ -3112,27 +3070,27 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1746
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1722
	msgid ""
	"If the input is a carriage return, we discard the input, we output a line "
	"feed, then change the state to ordinary."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1747
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1723
	msgid ""
	"If the input is a line feed, we output the line feed, and leave the state "
	"unchanged."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1749
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1725
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "The Final State"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1754
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1730
	msgid ""
	"The above _finite state machine_ works for the entire file, but leaves the "
	"possibility that the final line end will be ignored. That will happen "
	@@ -3142,7 +3100,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1757
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1733
	msgid ""
	"This problem is easily fixed by checking the state after the entire file was "
	"processed. If the state is not ordinary, we simply need to output one last "
	@@ -3150,7 +3108,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1763
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1739
	msgid ""
	"Now that we have expressed our algorithm as a _finite state machine_, we "
	"could easily design a dedicated digital electronic circuit (a \"chip\") to "
	@@ -3159,13 +3117,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1766
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1742
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "The Output Counter"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1771
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1747
	msgid ""
	"Because our file conversion program may be combining two characters into "
	"one, we need to use an output counter. We initialize it to `0`, and "
	@@ -3174,13 +3132,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1773
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1749
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Implementing FSM in Software"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1777
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1753
	msgid ""
	"The hardest part of working with a _finite state machine_ is analyzing the "
	"problem and expressing it as a _finite state machine_. That accomplished, "
	@@ -3188,7 +3146,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1780
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1756
	msgid ""
	"In a high-level language, such as C, there are several main approaches. One "
	"is to use a `switch` statement which chooses what function should be run. "
	@@ -3196,7 +3154,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1795
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1771
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"switch (state) {\n"
	@@ -3214,33 +3172,33 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1798
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1774
	msgid ""
	"Another approach is by using an array of function pointers, something like "
	"this:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1802
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1778
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "(output[state])(inputchar);\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1805
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1781
	msgid ""
	"Yet another is to have `state` be a function pointer, set to point at the "
	"appropriate function:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1809
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1785
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "(*state)(inputchar);\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1813
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1789
	msgid ""
	"This is the approach we will use in our program because it is very easy to "
	"do in assembly language, and very fast, too. We will simply keep the "
	@@ -3248,13 +3206,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1817
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1793
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "call\tebx\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1821
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1797
	msgid ""
	"This is possibly faster than hardcoding the address in the code because the "
	"microprocessor does not have to fetch the address from the memory-it is "
	@@ -3263,13 +3221,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1823
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1799
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Memory Mapped Files"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1827
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1803
	msgid ""
	"Because our program works on a single file, we cannot use the approach that "
	"worked for us before, i.e., to read from an input file and to write to an "
	@@ -3277,9 +3235,9 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1835
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1811
	msgid ""
	-"UNIX(R) allows us to map a file, or a section of a file, into memory. To do "
	+"UNIX allows us to map a file, or a section of a file, into memory. To do "
	"that, we first need to open the file with the appropriate read/write flags. "
	"Then we use the `mmap` system call to map it into the memory. One nice "
	"thing about `mmap` is that it automatically works with virtual memory: We "
	@@ -3292,7 +3250,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1838
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1814
	msgid ""
	"The 32-bit Intel microprocessors can access up to four gigabytes of memory - "
	"physical or virtual. The FreeBSD system allows us to use up to a half of it "
	@@ -3300,7 +3258,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1842
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1818
	msgid ""
	"For simplicity sake, in this tutorial we will only convert files that can be "
	"mapped into the memory in their entirety. There are probably not too many "
	@@ -3310,23 +3268,23 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1848
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1824
	msgid ""
	"If you examine your copy of [.filename]#syscalls.master#, you will find two "
	-"separate syscalls named `mmap`. This is because of evolution of UNIX(R): "
	-"There was the traditional BSD `mmap`, syscall 71. That one was superseded "
	-"by the POSIX(R) `mmap`, syscall 197. The FreeBSD system supports both "
	-"because older programs were written by using the original BSD version. But "
	-"new software uses the POSIX(R) version, which is what we will use."
	+"separate syscalls named `mmap`. This is because of evolution of UNIX: There "
	+"was the traditional BSD `mmap`, syscall 71. That one was superseded by the "
	+"POSIX(R) `mmap`, syscall 197. The FreeBSD system supports both because "
	+"older programs were written by using the original BSD version. But new "
	+"software uses the POSIX version, which is what we will use."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1850
	-msgid "The [.filename]#syscalls.master# lists the POSIX(R) version like this:"
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1826
	+msgid "The [.filename]#syscalls.master# lists the POSIX version like this:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1855
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1831
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"197\tSTD\tBSD\t{ caddr_t mmap(caddr_t addr, size_t len, int prot, \\\n"
	@@ -3334,14 +3292,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1859
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1835
	msgid ""
	"This differs slightly from what man:mmap[2] says. That is because "
	"man:mmap[2] describes the C version."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1863
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1839
	msgid ""
	"The difference is in the `long pad` argument, which is not present in the C "
	"version. However, the FreeBSD syscalls add a 32-bit pad after ``push``ing a "
	@@ -3349,28 +3307,27 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1865
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1841
	msgid ""
	"When we are finished working with a memory-mapped file, we unmap it with the "
	"`munmap` syscall:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1869
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1845
	msgid ""
	-"For an in-depth treatment of `mmap`, see W. Richard Stevens' http://"
	-"www.int80h.org/cgi-bin/isbn?isbn=0130810819[Unix Network Programming, Volume "
	-"2, Chapter 12]."
	+"For an in-depth treatment of `mmap`, see W. Richard Stevens' _Unix Network "
	+"Programming_, Volume 2, Chapter 12."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1872
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1848
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Determining File Size"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1875
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1851
	msgid ""
	"Because we need to tell `mmap` how many bytes of the file to map into the "
	"memory, and because we want to map the entire file, we need to determine the "
	@@ -3378,28 +3335,28 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1878
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1854
	msgid ""
	"We can use the `fstat` syscall to get all the information about an open file "
	"that the system can give us. That includes the file size."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1881
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1857
	msgid ""
	"Again, [.filename]#syscalls.master# lists two versions of `fstat`, a "
	-"traditional one (syscall 62), and a POSIX(R) one (syscall 189). Naturally, "
	-"we will use the POSIX(R) version:"
	+"traditional one (syscall 62), and a POSIX one (syscall 189). Naturally, we "
	+"will use the POSIX version:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1885
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1861
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "189\tSTD\tPOSIX\t{ int fstat(int fd, struct stat *sb); }\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1889
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1865
	msgid ""
	"This is a very straightforward call: We pass to it the address of a `stat` "
	"structure and the descriptor of an open file. It will fill out the contents "
	@@ -3407,7 +3364,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1892
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1868
	msgid ""
	"I do, however, have to say that I tried to declare the `stat` structure in "
	"the `.bss` section, and `fstat` did not like it: It set the carry flag "
	@@ -3416,13 +3373,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1894
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1870
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Changing the File Size"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1898
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1874
	msgid ""
	"Because our program may combine carriage return / line feed sequences into "
	"straight line feeds, our output may be smaller than our input. However, "
	@@ -3431,7 +3388,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1901
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1877
	msgid ""
	"The `ftruncate` system call allows us to do just that. Despite its somewhat "
	"misleading name, the `ftruncate` system call can be used to both truncate "
	@@ -3439,7 +3396,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1904
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1880
	msgid ""
	"And yes, we will find two versions of `ftruncate` in "
	"[.filename]#syscalls.master#, an older one (130), and a newer one (201). We "
	@@ -3447,24 +3404,24 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1908
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1884
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "201\tSTD\tBSD\t{ int ftruncate(int fd, int pad, off_t length); }\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1911
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1887
	msgid "Please note that this one contains a `int pad` again."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1913
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1889
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "ftuc"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1918
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1894
	msgid ""
	"We now know everything we need to write ftuc. We start by adding some new "
	"lines in [.filename]#system.inc#. First, we define some constants and "
	@@ -3472,7 +3429,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1925
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1901
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	";;;;;;; open flags\n"
	@@ -3482,7 +3439,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1934
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1910
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	";;;;;;; mmap flags\n"
	@@ -3496,7 +3453,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1958
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1934
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	";;;;;;; stat structure\n"
	@@ -3525,12 +3482,12 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1961
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1937
	msgid "We define the new syscalls:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1968
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1944
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"%define\tSYS_mmap\t197\n"
	@@ -3540,12 +3497,12 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1971
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1947
	msgid "We add the macros for their use:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1977
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1953
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"%macro\tsys.mmap\t0\n"
	@@ -3554,7 +3511,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1981
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1957
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"%macro\tsys.munmap\t0\n"
	@@ -3563,7 +3520,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1985
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1961
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"%macro\tsys.ftruncate\t0\n"
	@@ -3572,7 +3529,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1989
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1965
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"%macro\tsys.fstat\t0\n"
	@@ -3581,12 +3538,12 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1992
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1968
	msgid "And here is our code:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2005
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1981
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	";;;;;;; Fast Text-to-Unix Conversion (ftuc.asm) ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	@@ -3602,7 +3559,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2019
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1995
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"section\t.data\n"
	@@ -3621,13 +3578,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2021
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:1997
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "section\t.text\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2027
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2003
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -3638,7 +3595,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2033
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2009
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -3649,7 +3606,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2039
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2015
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -3660,7 +3617,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2045
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2021
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -3671,7 +3628,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2050
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2026
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -3681,7 +3638,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2054
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2030
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"error:\n"
	@@ -3690,7 +3647,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2057
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2033
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tpush\tdword 1\n"
	@@ -3698,7 +3655,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2065
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2041
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -3711,7 +3668,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2069
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2045
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tpop\teax\n"
	@@ -3720,7 +3677,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2075
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2051
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Open the file\n"
	@@ -3731,13 +3688,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2077
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2053
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "\tmov\tebp, eax\t; Save fd\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2080
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2056
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tsub\tesp, byte stat_size\n"
	@@ -3745,7 +3702,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2086
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2062
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Find file size\n"
	@@ -3756,13 +3713,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2088
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2064
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "\tmov\tedx, [ebx + st_size + 4]\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2096
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2072
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; File is too long if EDX != 0 ...\n"
	@@ -3775,7 +3732,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2099
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2075
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Do nothing if the file is 0 bytes in size\n"
	@@ -3783,7 +3740,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2111
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2087
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Map the entire file in memory\n"
	@@ -3800,7 +3757,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2116
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2092
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tmov\tedi, eax\n"
	@@ -3810,7 +3767,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2121
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2097
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Use EBX for state machine\n"
	@@ -3820,7 +3777,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2126
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2102
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".loop:\n"
	@@ -3830,7 +3787,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2129
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2105
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tcmp\tebx, ordinary\n"
	@@ -3838,7 +3795,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2134
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2110
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Output final lf\n"
	@@ -3848,7 +3805,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2142
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2118
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".filesize:\n"
	@@ -3861,7 +3818,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2145
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2121
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; close it (ebp still pushed)\n"
	@@ -3869,7 +3826,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2148
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2124
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tadd\tesp, byte 16\n"
	@@ -3877,7 +3834,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2152
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2128
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".quit:\n"
	@@ -3886,7 +3843,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2157
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2133
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -3896,8 +3853,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2160
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2182
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2136
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2158
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tcmp\tal, ah\n"
	@@ -3905,7 +3862,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2164
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2140
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tstosb\n"
	@@ -3914,7 +3871,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2169
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2145
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -3924,7 +3881,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2174
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2150
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -3934,7 +3891,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2179
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2155
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -3944,8 +3901,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2186
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2214
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2162
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2190
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\txchg\tal, ah\n"
	@@ -3954,7 +3911,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2189
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2165
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\txchg\tal, ah\n"
	@@ -3962,7 +3919,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2195
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2171
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".lf:\n"
	@@ -3973,7 +3930,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2202
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2178
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -3985,7 +3942,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2207
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2183
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -3995,7 +3952,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2210
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2186
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tcmp\tal, 0Dh\n"
	@@ -4003,7 +3960,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2220
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2196
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\txchg\tal, ah\n"
	@@ -4014,7 +3971,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2226
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2202
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -4025,7 +3982,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2231
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2207
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".lf:\n"
	@@ -4035,69 +3992,69 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2238
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2214
	msgid ""
	-"Do not use this program on files stored on a disk formatted by MS-DOS(R) or "
	-"Windows(R). There seems to be a subtle bug in the FreeBSD code when using "
	+"Do not use this program on files stored on a disk formatted by MS-DOS or "
	+"Windows. There seems to be a subtle bug in the FreeBSD code when using "
	"`mmap` on these drives mounted under FreeBSD: If the file is over a certain "
	"size, `mmap` will just fill the memory with zeros, and then copy them to the "
	"file overwriting its contents."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2241
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2217
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "One-Pointed Mind"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2244
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2220
	msgid ""
	"As a student of Zen, I like the idea of a one-pointed mind: Do one thing at "
	"a time, and do it well."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2247
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2223
	msgid ""
	-"This, indeed, is very much how UNIX(R) works as well. While a typical "
	-"Windows(R) application is attempting to do everything imaginable (and is, "
	-"therefore, riddled with bugs), a typical UNIX(R) program does only one "
	-"thing, and it does it well."
	+"This, indeed, is very much how UNIX works as well. While a typical Windows "
	+"application is attempting to do everything imaginable (and is, therefore, "
	+"riddled with bugs), a typical UNIX program does only one thing, and it does "
	+"it well."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2249
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2225
	msgid ""
	-"The typical UNIX(R) user then essentially assembles his own applications by "
	+"The typical UNIX user then essentially assembles his own applications by "
	"writing a shell script which combines the various existing programs by "
	"piping the output of one program to the input of another."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2251
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2227
	msgid ""
	-"When writing your own UNIX(R) software, it is generally a good idea to see "
	-"what parts of the problem you need to solve can be handled by existing "
	-"programs, and only write your own programs for that part of the problem that "
	-"you do not have an existing solution for."
	+"When writing your own UNIX software, it is generally a good idea to see what "
	+"parts of the problem you need to solve can be handled by existing programs, "
	+"and only write your own programs for that part of the problem that you do "
	+"not have an existing solution for."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2253
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2229
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "CSV"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2256
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2232
	msgid ""
	"I will illustrate this principle with a specific real-life example I was "
	"faced with recently:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2260
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2236
	msgid ""
	"I needed to extract the 11th field of each record from a database I "
	"downloaded from a web site. The database was a CSV file, i.e., a list of "
	@@ -4106,7 +4063,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2263
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2239
	msgid ""
	"The first line of the file contains the list of various fields separated by "
	"commas. The rest of the file contains the data listed line by line, with "
	@@ -4114,7 +4071,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2265
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2241
	msgid ""
	"I tried awk, using the comma as a separator. But because several lines "
	"contained a quoted comma, awk was extracting the wrong field from those "
	@@ -4122,30 +4079,30 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2268
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2244
	msgid ""
	"Therefore, I needed to write my own software to extract the 11th field from "
	-"the CSV file. However, going with the UNIX(R) spirit, I only needed to "
	-"write a simple filter that would do the following:"
	+"the CSV file. However, going with the UNIX spirit, I only needed to write a "
	+"simple filter that would do the following:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2270
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2246
	msgid "Remove the first line from the file;"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2271
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2247
	msgid "Change all unquoted commas to a different character;"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2272
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2248
	msgid "Remove all quotation marks."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2274
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2250
	msgid ""
	"Strictly speaking, I could use sed to remove the first line from the file, "
	"but doing so in my own program was very easy, so I decided to do it and "
	@@ -4153,7 +4110,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2278
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2254
	msgid ""
	"At any rate, writing a program like this took me about 20 minutes. Writing "
	"a program that extracts the 11th field from the CSV file would take a lot "
	@@ -4162,45 +4119,45 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2280
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2256
	msgid ""
	"This time I decided to let it do a little more work than a typical tutorial "
	"program would:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2282
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2258
	msgid "It parses its command line for options;"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2283
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2259
	msgid "It displays proper usage if it finds wrong arguments;"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2284
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2260
	msgid "It produces meaningful error messages."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2286
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2262
	msgid "Here is its usage message:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2290
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2266
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Usage: csv [-t<delim>] [-c<comma>] [-p] [-o <outfile>] [-i <infile>]\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2293
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2269
	msgid "All parameters are optional, and can appear in any order."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2297
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2273
	msgid ""
	"The `-t` parameter declares what to replace the commas with. The `tab` is "
	"the default here. For example, `-t;` will replace all unquoted commas with "
	@@ -4208,7 +4165,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2301
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2277
	msgid ""
	"I did not need the `-c` option, but it may come in handy in the future. It "
	"lets me declare that I want a character other than a comma replaced with "
	@@ -4217,7 +4174,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2304
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2280
	msgid ""
	"The `-p` option preserves the first line, i.e., it does not delete it. By "
	"default, we delete the first line because in a CSV file it contains the "
	@@ -4225,33 +4182,33 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2307
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2283
	msgid ""
	"The `-i` and `-o` options let me specify the input and the output files. "
	"Defaults are [.filename]#stdin# and [.filename]#stdout#, so this is a "
	-"regular UNIX(R) filter."
	+"regular UNIX filter."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2310
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2286
	msgid ""
	"I made sure that both `-i filename` and `-ifilename` are accepted. I also "
	"made sure that only one input and one output files may be specified."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2312
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2288
	msgid "To get the 11th field of each record, I can now do:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2316
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2292
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "% csv '-t;' data.csv \| awk '-F;' '{print $11}'\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2319
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2295
	msgid ""
	"The code stores the options (except for the file descriptors) in `EDX`: The "
	"comma in `DH`, the new separator in `DL`, and the flag for the `-p` option "
	@@ -4260,12 +4217,12 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2321
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2297
	msgid "Here is the code:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2335
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2311
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	";;;;;;; csv.asm ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	@@ -4282,7 +4239,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2349
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2325
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"section\t.data\n"
	@@ -4297,7 +4254,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2363
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2339
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"section\t.text\n"
	@@ -4312,8 +4269,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2372
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3421
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2348
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3397
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -4327,8 +4284,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2381
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3430
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2357
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3406
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -4342,7 +4299,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2387
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2363
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -4353,7 +4310,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2392
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2368
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".arg:\n"
	@@ -4363,8 +4320,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2396
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3445
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2372
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3421
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; ECX contains the pointer to an argument\n"
	@@ -4373,7 +4330,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2399
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2375
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tinc\tecx\n"
	@@ -4381,8 +4338,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2403
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3453
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2379
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3429
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".o:\n"
	@@ -4391,8 +4348,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2407
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3457
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2383
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3433
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Make sure we are not asked for the output file twice\n"
	@@ -4401,8 +4358,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2412
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3462
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2388
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3438
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Find the path to output file - it is either at [ECX+1],\n"
	@@ -4412,7 +4369,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2418
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2394
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tinc\tecx\n"
	@@ -4423,8 +4380,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2426
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3475
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2402
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3451
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".openoutput:\n"
	@@ -4437,8 +4394,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2430
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3479
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2406
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3455
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	@@ -4447,8 +4404,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2434
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3483
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2410
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3459
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".i:\n"
	@@ -4457,8 +4414,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2438
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3487
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2414
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3463
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Make sure we are not asked twice\n"
	@@ -4467,7 +4424,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2446
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2422
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Find the path to the input file\n"
	@@ -4480,8 +4437,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2452
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3500
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2428
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3476
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".openinput:\n"
	@@ -4492,8 +4449,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2456
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3504
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2432
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3480
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tadd\tesp, byte 8\n"
	@@ -4502,7 +4459,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2464
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2440
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".p:\n"
	@@ -4515,7 +4472,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2472
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2448
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".t:\n"
	@@ -4528,7 +4485,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2480
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2456
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".c:\n"
	@@ -4541,7 +4498,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2487
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2463
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -4553,7 +4510,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2491
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2467
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; See if we are to preserve the first line\n"
	@@ -4562,7 +4519,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2497
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2473
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".firstline:\n"
	@@ -4573,7 +4530,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2505
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2481
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; is it a comma (or whatever the user asked for)?\n"
	@@ -4582,7 +4539,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2508
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2484
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Replace the comma with a tab (or whatever the user wants)\n"
	@@ -4590,7 +4547,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2516
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2492
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".quote:\n"
	@@ -4599,7 +4556,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2523
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2499
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Print everything until you get another quote or EOL. If it\n"
	@@ -4611,7 +4568,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2526
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2502
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tcmp\tal, 0Ah\n"
	@@ -4619,7 +4576,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2529
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2505
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	@@ -4627,8 +4584,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2545
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3860
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2521
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3836
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"read:\n"
	@@ -4637,7 +4594,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2558
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2534
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".read:\n"
	@@ -4655,8 +4612,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2595
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3901
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2571
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3877
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -4675,7 +4632,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2600
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2576
	msgid ""
	"Much of it is taken from [.filename]#hex.asm# above. But there is one "
	"important difference: I no longer call `write` whenever I am outputting a "
	@@ -4683,16 +4640,16 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2604
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2580
	msgid ""
	"I have found a better solution for the interactive problem since I first "
	-"started writing this chapter. I wanted to make sure each line is printed "
	+"started writing this article. I wanted to make sure each line is printed "
	"out separately only when needed. After all, there is no need to flush out "
	"every line when used non-interactively."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2608
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2584
	msgid ""
	"The new solution I use now is to call `write` every time I find the input "
	"buffer empty. That way, when running in the interactive mode, the program "
	@@ -4701,13 +4658,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2610
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2586
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "The Dark Side of Buffering"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2614
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2590
	msgid ""
	"This change prevents a mysterious lockup in a very specific case. I refer "
	"to it as the _dark side of buffering_, mostly because it presents a danger "
	@@ -4715,7 +4672,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2618
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2594
	msgid ""
	"It is unlikely to happen with a program like the csv above, so let us "
	"consider yet another filter: In this case we expect our input to be raw data "
	@@ -4724,7 +4681,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2621
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2597
	msgid ""
	"Such a filter would be very simple to write. Most of it would look just "
	"like all the other filters we have written so far, so I am only going to "
	@@ -4732,7 +4689,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2629
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2605
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".loop:\n"
	@@ -4743,72 +4700,72 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2632
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2608
	msgid ""
	"Because this filter works with raw data, it is unlikely to be used "
	"interactively."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2635
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2611
	msgid ""
	"But it could be called by image manipulation software. And, unless it calls "
	"`write` before each call to `read`, chances are it will lock up."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2637
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2613
	msgid "Here is what might happen:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2640
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2616
	msgid "The image editor will load our filter using the C function `popen()`."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2641
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2617
	msgid "It will read the first row of pixels from a bitmap or pixmap."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2642
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2618
	msgid ""
	"It will write the first row of pixels to the _pipe_ leading to the `fd.in` "
	"of our filter."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2643
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2619
	msgid ""
	"Our filter will read each pixel from its input, turn it to a negative, and "
	"write it to its output buffer."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2644
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2620
	msgid "Our filter will call `getchar` to fetch the next pixel."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2645
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2621
	msgid "`getchar` will find an empty input buffer, so it will call `read`."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2646
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2622
	msgid "`read` will call the `SYS_read` system call."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2647
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2623
	msgid ""
	"The _kernel_ will suspend our filter until the image editor sends more data "
	"to the pipe."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2648
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2624
	msgid ""
	"The image editor will read from the other pipe, connected to the `fd.out` of "
	"our filter so it can set the first row of the output image _before_ it sends "
	@@ -4816,14 +4773,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2649
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2625
	msgid ""
	"The _kernel_ suspends the image editor until it receives some output from "
	"our filter, so it can pass it on to the image editor."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2653
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2629
	msgid ""
	"At this point our filter waits for the image editor to send it more data to "
	"process, while the image editor is waiting for our filter to send it the "
	@@ -4832,7 +4789,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2656
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2632
	msgid ""
	"The filter and the image editor will continue waiting for each other forever "
	"(or, at least, until they are killed). Our software has just entered a "
	@@ -4840,20 +4797,20 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2658
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2634
	msgid ""
	"This problem does not exist if our filter flushes its output buffer _before_ "
	"asking the _kernel_ for more input data."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2660
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2636
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Using the FPU"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2663
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2639
	msgid ""
	"Strangely enough, most of assembly language literature does not even mention "
	"the existence of the FPU, or _floating point unit_, let alone discuss "
	@@ -4861,7 +4818,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2665
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2641
	msgid ""
	"Yet, never does assembly language shine more than when we create highly "
	"optimized FPU code by doing things that can be done _only_ in assembly "
	@@ -4869,13 +4826,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2667
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2643
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Organization of the FPU"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2671
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2647
	msgid ""
	"The FPU consists of 8 80-bit floating-point registers. These are organized "
	"in a stack fashion-you can `push` a value on TOS (_top of stack_) and you "
	@@ -4883,14 +4840,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2673
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2649
	msgid ""
	"That said, the assembly language op codes are not `push` and `pop` because "
	"those are already taken."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2676
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2652
	msgid ""
	"You can `push` a value on TOS by using `fld`, `fild`, and `fbld`. Several "
	"other op codes let you `push` many common _constants_-such as _pi_-on the "
	@@ -4898,7 +4855,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2679
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2655
	msgid ""
	"Similarly, you can `pop` a value by using `fst`, `fstp`, `fist`, `fistp`, "
	"and `fbstp`. Actually, only the op codes that end with a _p_ will literally "
	@@ -4907,7 +4864,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2681
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2657
	msgid ""
	"We can transfer the data between the TOS and the computer memory either as a "
	"32-bit, 64-bit, or 80-bit _real_, a 16-bit, 32-bit, or 64-bit _integer_, or "
	@@ -4915,7 +4872,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2684
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2660
	msgid ""
	"The 80-bit _packed decimal_ is a special case of _binary coded decimal_ "
	"which is very convenient when converting between the ASCII representation of "
	@@ -4924,14 +4881,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2686
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2662
	msgid ""
	"No matter how we represent data in the memory, the FPU always stores it in "
	"the 80-bit _real_ format in its registers."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2688
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2664
	msgid ""
	"Its internal precision is at least 19 decimal digits, so even if we choose "
	"to display results as ASCII in the full 18-digit precision, we are still "
	@@ -4939,7 +4896,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2690
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2666
	msgid ""
	"We can perform mathematical operations on the TOS: We can calculate its "
	"_sine_, we can _scale_ it (i.e., we can multiply or divide it by a power of "
	@@ -4947,21 +4904,21 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2692
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2668
	msgid ""
	"We can also _multiply_ or _divide_ it by, _add_ it to, or _subtract_ it "
	"from, any of the FPU registers (including itself)."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2695
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2671
	msgid ""
	"The official Intel op code for the TOS is `st`, and for the _registers_ "
	"`st(0)`-`st(7)`. `st` and `st(0)`, then, refer to the same register."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2698
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2674
	msgid ""
	"For whatever reasons, the original author of nasm has decided to use "
	"different op codes, namely `st0`-`st7`. In other words, there are no "
	@@ -4969,27 +4926,27 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2700
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2676
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "The Packed Decimal Format"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2704
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2680
	msgid ""
	"The _packed decimal_ format uses 10 bytes (80 bits) of memory to represent "
	"18 digits. The number represented there is always an _integer_."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2708
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2684
	msgid ""
	"You can use it to get decimal places by multiplying the TOS by a power of 10 "
	"first."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2712
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2688
	msgid ""
	"The highest bit of the highest byte (byte 9) is the _sign bit_: If it is "
	"set, the number is _negative_, otherwise, it is _positive_. The rest of the "
	@@ -4997,56 +4954,56 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2714
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2690
	msgid ""
	"The remaining 9 bytes store the 18 digits of the number: 2 digits per byte."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2716
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2692
	msgid ""
	"The _more significant digit_ is stored in the high _nibble_ (4 bits), the "
	"_less significant digit_ in the low _nibble_."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2718
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2694
	msgid ""
	"That said, you might think that `-1234567` would be stored in the memory "
	"like this (using hexadecimal notation):"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2722
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2698
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "80 00 00 00 00 00 01 23 45 67\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2725
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2701
	msgid ""
	"Alas it is not! As with everything else of Intel make, even the _packed "
	"decimal_ is _little-endian_."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2727
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2703
	msgid "That means our `-1234567` is stored like this:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2731
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2707
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "67 45 23 01 00 00 00 00 00 80\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2734
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2710
	msgid "Remember that, or you will be pulling your hair out in desperation!"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2740
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2716
	msgid ""
	"The book to read-if you can find it-is Richard Startz' http://www.amazon.com/"
	"exec/obidos/ASIN/013246604X/whizkidtechnomag[8087/80287/80387 for the IBM PC "
	@@ -5058,40 +5015,40 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2743
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2719
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Excursion to Pinhole Photography"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2746
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2722
	msgid ""
	"To write meaningful software, we must not only understand our programming "
	"tools, but also the field we are creating software for."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2748
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2724
	msgid ""
	"Our next filter will help us whenever we want to build a _pinhole camera_, "
	"so, we need some background in _pinhole photography_ before we can continue."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2750
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2726
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "The Camera"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2753
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2729
	msgid ""
	"The easiest way to describe any camera ever built is as some empty space "
	"enclosed in some lightproof material, with a small hole in the enclosure."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2758
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2734
	msgid ""
	"The enclosure is usually sturdy (e.g., a box), though sometimes it is "
	"flexible (the bellows). It is quite dark inside the camera. However, the "
	@@ -5101,27 +5058,27 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2760
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2736
	msgid ""
	"If some light sensitive material (such as film) is placed inside the camera, "
	"it can capture the image."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2762
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2738
	msgid ""
	"The hole often contains a _lens_, or a lens assembly, often called the "
	"_objective_."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2764
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2740
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "The Pinhole"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2768
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2744
	msgid ""
	"But, strictly speaking, the lens is not necessary: The original cameras did "
	"not use a lens but a _pinhole_. Even today, _pinholes_ are used, both as a "
	@@ -5129,7 +5086,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2772
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2748
	msgid ""
	"The image produced by the _pinhole_ is all equally sharp. Or _blurred_. "
	"There is an ideal size for a pinhole: If it is either larger or smaller, the "
	@@ -5137,26 +5094,26 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2774
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2750
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Focal Length"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2777
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2753
	msgid ""
	"This ideal pinhole diameter is a function of the square root of _focal "
	"length_, which is the distance of the pinhole from the film."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2781
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2757
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "D = PC * sqrt(FL)\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2787
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2763
	msgid ""
	"In here, `D` is the ideal diameter of the pinhole, `FL` is the focal length, "
	"and `PC` is a pinhole constant. According to Jay Bender, its value is "
	@@ -5167,13 +5124,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2789
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2765
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "The F-Number"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2793
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2769
	msgid ""
	"The f-number is a very useful measure of how much light reaches the film. A "
	"light meter can determine that, for example, to expose a film of specific "
	@@ -5181,25 +5138,25 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2796
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2772
	msgid ""
	"It does not matter whether it is a 35-mm camera, or a 6x9cm camera, etc. As "
	"long as we know the f-number, we can determine the proper exposure."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2798
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2774
	msgid "The f-number is easy to calculate:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2802
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2778
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "F = FL / D\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2807
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2783
	msgid ""
	"In other words, the f-number equals the focal length divided by the diameter "
	"of the pinhole. It also means a higher f-number either implies a smaller "
	@@ -5208,7 +5165,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2810
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2786
	msgid ""
	"Furthermore, while pinhole diameter and focal distance are one-dimensional "
	"measurements, both, the film and the pinhole, are two-dimensional. That "
	@@ -5217,33 +5174,33 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2814
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2790
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "t * (B / A)²\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2817
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2793
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Normalized F-Number"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2820
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2796
	msgid ""
	"While many modern cameras can change the diameter of their pinhole, and thus "
	"their f-number, quite smoothly and gradually, such was not always the case."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2822
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2798
	msgid ""
	"To allow for different f-numbers, cameras typically contained a metal plate "
	"with several holes of different sizes drilled to them."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2825
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2801
	msgid ""
	"Their sizes were chosen according to the above formula in such a way that "
	"the resultant f-number was one of standard f-numbers used on all cameras "
	@@ -5252,7 +5209,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2828
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2804
	msgid ""
	"A more recently made camera may offer f-numbers of 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, "
	"22, and 32 (as well as others). These numbers were not chosen arbitrarily: "
	@@ -5261,13 +5218,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2830
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2806
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "The F-Stop"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2834
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2810
	msgid ""
	"A typical camera is designed in such a way that setting any of the "
	"normalized f-numbers changes the feel of the dial. It will naturally _stop_ "
	@@ -5276,7 +5233,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2838
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2814
	msgid ""
	"Since the f-numbers at each stop are powers of the square root of 2, moving "
	"the dial by 1 stop will double the amount of light required for proper "
	@@ -5286,25 +5243,25 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2840
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2816
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Designing the Pinhole Software"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2843
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2819
	msgid ""
	"We are now ready to decide what exactly we want our pinhole software to do."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2845
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2821
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Processing Program Input"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2849
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2825
	msgid ""
	"Since its main purpose is to help us design a working pinhole camera, we "
	"will use the _focal length_ as the input to the program. This is something "
	@@ -5314,7 +5271,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2851
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2827
	msgid ""
	"Most of the programs we have written so far worked with individual "
	"characters, or bytes, as their input: The hex program converted individual "
	@@ -5323,21 +5280,21 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2853
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2829
	msgid ""
	"One program, ftuc used the state machine to consider at most two input bytes "
	"at a time."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2855
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2831
	msgid ""
	"But our pinhole program cannot just work with individual characters, it has "
	"to deal with larger syntactic units."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2857
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2833
	msgid ""
	"For example, if we want the program to calculate the pinhole diameter (and "
	"other values we will discuss later) at the focal lengths of `100 mm`, `150 "
	@@ -5345,13 +5302,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2861
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2837
	#, no-wrap
	msgid " 100, 150, 210\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2866
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2842
	msgid ""
	"Our program needs to consider more than a single byte of input at a time. "
	"When it sees the first `1`, it must understand it is seeing the first digit "
	@@ -5360,7 +5317,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2871
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2847
	msgid ""
	"When it encounters the first comma, it must know it is no longer receiving "
	"the digits of the first number. It must be able to convert the digits of "
	@@ -5370,7 +5327,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2873
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2849
	msgid ""
	"We need to decide what delimiters to accept: Do the input numbers have to be "
	"separated by a comma? If so, how do we treat two numbers separated by "
	@@ -5378,7 +5335,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2878
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2854
	msgid ""
	"Personally, I like to keep it simple. Something either is a number, so I "
	"process it. Or it is not a number, so I discard it. I do not like the "
	@@ -5387,14 +5344,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2880
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2856
	msgid ""
	"Plus, it allows me to break up the monotony of computing and type in a query "
	"instead of just a number:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2885
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2861
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"What is the best pinhole diameter for the\n"
	@@ -5402,12 +5359,12 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2888
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2864
	msgid "There is no reason for the computer to spit out a number of complaints:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2895
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2871
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"Syntax error: What\n"
	@@ -5417,12 +5374,12 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2898
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2874
	msgid "Et cetera, et cetera, et cetera."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2901
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2877
	msgid ""
	"Secondly, I like the `+#+` character to denote the start of a comment which "
	"extends to the end of the line. This does not take too much effort to code, "
	@@ -5430,7 +5387,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2903
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2879
	msgid ""
	"In our case, we also need to decide what units the input should come in: We "
	"choose _millimeters_ because that is how most photographers measure the "
	@@ -5438,7 +5395,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2905
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2881
	msgid ""
	"Finally, we need to decide whether to allow the use of the decimal point (in "
	"which case we must also consider the fact that much of the world uses a "
	@@ -5446,7 +5403,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2909
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2885
	msgid ""
	"In our case allowing for the decimal point/comma would offer a false sense "
	"of precision: There is little if any noticeable difference between the focus "
	@@ -5456,13 +5413,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2911
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2887
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Offering Options"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2916
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2892
	msgid ""
	"The most important thing we need to know when building a pinhole camera is "
	"the diameter of the pinhole. Since we want to shoot sharp images, we will "
	@@ -5472,20 +5429,20 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2918
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2894
	msgid ""
	-"It is traditional in UNIX(R) programming to have two main ways of choosing "
	+"It is traditional in UNIX programming to have two main ways of choosing "
	"program parameters, plus to have a default for the time the user does not "
	"make a choice."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2920
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2896
	msgid "Why have two ways of choosing?"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2922
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2898
	msgid ""
	"One is to allow a (relatively) _permanent_ choice that applies automatically "
	"each time the software is run without us having to tell it over and over "
	@@ -5493,7 +5450,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2927
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2903
	msgid ""
	"The permanent choices may be stored in a configuration file, typically found "
	"in the user's home directory. The file usually has the same name as the "
	@@ -5504,7 +5461,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2932
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2908
	msgid ""
	"The configuration file is used mostly by programs that have many "
	"configurable parameters. Those that have only one (or a few) often use a "
	@@ -5514,7 +5471,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2935
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2911
	msgid ""
	"Usually, a program uses one or the other of the above methods. Otherwise, "
	"if a configuration file said one thing, but an environment variable another, "
	@@ -5522,14 +5479,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2937
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2913
	msgid ""
	"Because we only need to choose _one_ such parameter, we will go with the "
	"second method and search the environment for a variable named `PINHOLE`."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2940
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2916
	msgid ""
	"The other way allows us to make _ad hoc_ decisions: _\"Though I usually want "
	"you to use 0.039, this time I want 0.03872.\"_ In other words, it allows us "
	@@ -5537,12 +5494,12 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2942
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2918
	msgid "This type of choice is usually done with command line parameters."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2950
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2926
	msgid ""
	"Finally, a program _always_ needs a _default_. The user may not make any "
	"choices. Perhaps he does not know what to choose. Perhaps he is \"just "
	@@ -5552,45 +5509,45 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2952
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2928
	msgid ""
	"Given this system, the program may find conflicting options, and handle them "
	"this way:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2955
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2931
	msgid ""
	"If it finds an _ad hoc_ choice (e.g., command line parameter), it should "
	"accept that choice. It must ignore any permanent choice and any default."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2956
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2932
	msgid ""
	"_Otherwise_, if it finds a permanent option (e.g., an environment variable), "
	"it should accept it, and ignore the default."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2957
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2933
	msgid "_Otherwise_, it should use the default."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2959
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2935
	msgid "We also need to decide what _format_ our `PC` option should have."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2961
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2937
	msgid ""
	"At first site, it seems obvious to use the `PINHOLE=0.04` format for the "
	"environment variable, and `-p0.04` for the command line."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2965
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2941
	msgid ""
	"Allowing that is actually a security risk. The `PC` constant is a very small "
	"number. Naturally, we will test our software using various small values of "
	@@ -5599,14 +5556,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2967
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2943
	msgid ""
	"It may crash the program because we have not designed it to handle huge "
	"numbers."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2970
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2946
	msgid ""
	"Or, we may spend more time on the program so it can handle huge numbers. We "
	"might do that if we were writing commercial software for computer illiterate "
	@@ -5614,19 +5571,19 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2972
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2948
	msgid "Or, we might say, _\"Tough! The user should know better.\"\"_"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2975
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2951
	msgid ""
	"Or, we just may make it impossible for the user to enter a huge number. "
	"This is the approach we will take: We will use an _implied 0._ prefix."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2978
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2954
	msgid ""
	"In other words, if the user wants `0.04`, we will expect him to type `-p04`, "
	"or set `PINHOLE=04` in his environment. So, if he says `-p9999999`, we will "
	@@ -5634,7 +5591,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2981
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2957
	msgid ""
	"Secondly, many users will just want to go with either Bender's constant or "
	"Connors' constant. To make it easier on them, we will interpret `-b` as "
	@@ -5642,20 +5599,20 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2983
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2959
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "The Output"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2986
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2962
	msgid ""
	"We need to decide what we want our software to send to the output, and in "
	"what format."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2988
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2964
	msgid ""
	"Since our input allows for an unspecified number of focal length entries, it "
	"makes sense to use a traditional database-style output of showing the result "
	@@ -5664,7 +5621,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2991
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2967
	msgid ""
	"Optionally, we should also allow the user to specify the use of the CSV "
	"format we have studied earlier. In this case, we will print out a line of "
	@@ -5673,7 +5630,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2996
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2972
	msgid ""
	"We need a command line option for the CSV format. We cannot use `-c` "
	"because that already means _use Connors' constant_. For some strange "
	@@ -5683,7 +5640,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3000
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2976
	msgid ""
	"We will start each line of the output with the focal length. This may sound "
	"repetitious at first, especially in the interactive mode: The user types in "
	@@ -5691,7 +5648,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3004
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2980
	msgid ""
	"But the user can type several focal lengths on one line. The input can also "
	"come in from a file or from the output of another program. In that case the "
	@@ -5699,70 +5656,70 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3006
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2982
	msgid ""
	"By the same token, the output can go to a file which we will want to examine "
	"later, or it could go to the printer, or become the input of another program."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3008
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2984
	msgid ""
	"So, it makes perfect sense to start each line with the focal length as "
	"entered by the user."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3011
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2987
	msgid ""
	"No, wait! Not as entered by the user. What if the user types in something "
	"like this:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3015
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2991
	#, no-wrap
	msgid " 00000000150\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3018
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2994
	msgid "Clearly, we need to strip those leading zeros."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3020
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2996
	msgid ""
	"So, we might consider reading the user input as is, converting it to binary "
	"inside the FPU, and printing it out from there."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3022
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3207
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:2998
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3183
	msgid "But..."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3024
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3000
	msgid "What if the user types something like this:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3028
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3004
	#, no-wrap
	msgid " 17459765723452353453534535353530530534563507309676764423\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3033
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3009
	msgid ""
	"Ha! The packed decimal FPU format lets us input 18-digit numbers. But the "
	"user has entered more than 18 digits. How do we handle that?"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3035
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3011
	msgid ""
	"Well, we _could_ modify our code to read the first 18 digits, enter it to "
	"the FPU, then read more, multiply what we already have on the TOS by 10 "
	@@ -5770,7 +5727,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3039
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3015
	msgid ""
	"Yes, we could do that. But in _this_ program it would be ridiculous (in a "
	"different one it may be just the thing to do): Even the circumference of the "
	@@ -5779,7 +5736,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3041
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3017
	msgid ""
	"So, if the user enters such a huge number, he is either bored, or testing "
	"us, or trying to break into the system, or playing games-doing anything but "
	@@ -5787,23 +5744,23 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3043
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3019
	msgid "What will we do?"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3045
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3021
	msgid "We will slap him in the face, in a manner of speaking:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3049
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3025
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "17459765723452353453534535353530530534563507309676764423\t???\t???\t???\t???\t???\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3053
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3029
	msgid ""
	"To achieve that, we will simply ignore any leading zeros. Once we find a "
	"non-zero digit, we will initialize a counter to `0` and start taking three "
	@@ -5811,45 +5768,45 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3056
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3032
	msgid "Send the digit to the output."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3057
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3033
	msgid ""
	"Append the digit to a buffer we will use later to produce the packed decimal "
	"we can send to the FPU."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3058
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3034
	msgid "Increase the counter."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3060
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3036
	msgid ""
	"Now, while we are taking these three steps, we also need to watch out for "
	"one of two conditions:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3062
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3038
	msgid ""
	"If the counter grows above 18, we stop appending to the buffer. We continue "
	"reading the digits and sending them to the output."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3063
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3039
	msgid ""
	"If, or rather _when_, the next input character is not a digit, we are done "
	"inputting for now."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3066
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3042
	msgid ""
	"Incidentally, we can simply discard the non-digit, unless it is a `+#+`, "
	"which we must return to the input stream. It starts a comment, so we must "
	@@ -5857,14 +5814,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3068
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3044
	msgid ""
	"That still leaves one possibility uncovered: If all the user enters is a "
	"zero (or several zeros), we will never find a non-zero to display."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3071
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3047
	msgid ""
	"We can determine this has happened whenever our counter stays at `0`. In "
	"that case we need to send `0` to the output, and perform another \"slap in "
	@@ -5872,20 +5829,20 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3075
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3051
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "0\t???\t???\t???\t???\t???\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3078
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3054
	msgid ""
	"Once we have displayed the focal length and determined it is valid (greater "
	"than `0` but not exceeding 18 digits), we can calculate the pinhole diameter."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3081
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3057
	msgid ""
	"It is not by coincidence that _pinhole_ contains the word _pin_. Indeed, "
	"many a pinhole literally is a _pin hole_, a hole carefully punched with the "
	@@ -5893,7 +5850,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3084
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3060
	msgid ""
	"That is because a typical pinhole is very small. Our formula gets the result "
	"in millimeters. We will multiply it by `1000`, so we can output the result "
	@@ -5901,12 +5858,12 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3086
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3062
	msgid "At this point we have yet another trap to face: _Too much precision._"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3090
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3066
	msgid ""
	"Yes, the FPU was designed for high precision mathematics. But we are not "
	"dealing with high precision mathematics. We are dealing with physics "
	@@ -5914,7 +5871,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3094
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3070
	msgid ""
	"Suppose we want to convert a truck into a pinhole camera (we would not be "
	"the first ones to do that!). Suppose its box is `12` meters long, so we "
	@@ -5924,7 +5881,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3099
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3075
	msgid ""
	"Put either way, the result is absurdly precise. Our truck is not _exactly_ "
	"`12000` millimeters long. We did not measure its length with such a "
	@@ -5933,14 +5890,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3104
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3080
	msgid ""
	"I \"only\" used ten digits in the above example. Imagine the absurdity of "
	"going for all 18!"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3110
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3086
	msgid ""
	"We need to limit the number of significant digits of our result. One way of "
	"doing it is by using an integer representing microns. So, our truck would "
	@@ -5949,7 +5906,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3113
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3089
	msgid ""
	"Additionally, we can decide that no matter how big a result we get, we only "
	"want to display four significant digits (or any other number of them, of "
	@@ -5958,44 +5915,44 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3115
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3091
	msgid ""
	"We, therefore, must devise an algorithm to reduce the number of significant "
	"digits."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3117
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3093
	msgid ""
	"Here is mine (I think it is awkward-if you know a better one, _please_, let "
	"me know):"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3120
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3096
	msgid "Initialize a counter to `0`."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3121
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3097
	msgid ""
	"While the number is greater than or equal to `10000`, divide it by `10` and "
	"increase the counter."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3122
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3098
	msgid "Output the result."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3123
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3099
	msgid ""
	"While the counter is greater than `0`, output `0` and decrease the counter."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3128
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3104
	msgid ""
	"The `10000` is only good if you want _four_ significant digits. For any "
	"other number of significant digits, replace `10000` with `10` raised to the "
	@@ -6003,21 +5960,21 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3131
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3107
	msgid ""
	"We will, then, output the pinhole diameter in microns, rounded off to four "
	"significant digits."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3134
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3110
	msgid ""
	"At this point, we know the _focal length_ and the _pinhole diameter_. That "
	"means we have enough information to also calculate the _f-number_."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3138
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3114
	msgid ""
	"We will display the f-number, rounded to four significant digits. Chances "
	"are the f-number will tell us very little. To make it more meaningful, we "
	@@ -6026,7 +5983,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3144
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3120
	msgid ""
	"We do that by multiplying the actual f-number by itself, which, of course, "
	"will give us its `square`. We will then calculate its base-2 logarithm, "
	@@ -6039,14 +5996,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3147
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3123
	msgid ""
	"If all that sounds overwhelming-or too much work, perhaps-it may become much "
	"clearer if you see the code. It takes 9 op codes altogether:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3159
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3135
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"fmul\tst0, st0\n"
	@@ -6061,7 +6018,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3163
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3139
	msgid ""
	"The first line, `fmul st0, st0`, squares the contents of the TOS (top of the "
	"stack, same as `st`, called `st0` by nasm). The `fld1` pushes `1` on the "
	@@ -6069,7 +6026,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3167
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3143
	msgid ""
	"The next line, `fld st1`, pushes the square back to the TOS. At this point "
	"the square is both in `st` and `st(2)` (it will become clear why we leave a "
	@@ -6077,21 +6034,21 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3170
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3146
	msgid ""
	"Next, `fyl2x` calculates base-2 logarithm of `st` multiplied by `st(1)`. "
	"That is why we placed `1` on `st(1)` before."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3172
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3148
	msgid ""
	"At this point, `st` contains the logarithm we have just calculated, `st(1)` "
	"contains the square of the actual f-number we saved for later."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3176
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3152
	msgid ""
	"`frndint` rounds the TOS to the nearest integer. `fld1` pushes a `1`. "
	"`fscale` shifts the `1` we have on the TOS by the value in `st(1)`, "
	@@ -6099,14 +6056,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3178
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3154
	msgid ""
	"Finally, `fsqrt` calculates the square root of the result, i.e., the nearest "
	"normalized f-number."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3181
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3157
	msgid ""
	"We now have the nearest normalized f-number on the TOS, the base-2 logarithm "
	"rounded to the nearest integer in `st(1)`, and the square of the actual f-"
	@@ -6114,7 +6071,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3187
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3163
	msgid ""
	"But we do not need the contents of `st(1)` anymore. The last line, `fstp "
	"st1`, places the contents of `st` to `st(1)`, and pops. As a result, what "
	@@ -6124,7 +6081,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3190
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3166
	msgid ""
	"At this point, we are ready to output the normalized f-number. Because it "
	"is normalized, we will not round it off to four significant digits, but will "
	@@ -6132,7 +6089,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3193
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3169
	msgid ""
	"The normalized f-number is useful as long as it is reasonably small and can "
	"be found on our light meter. Otherwise we need a different method of "
	@@ -6140,14 +6097,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3195
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3171
	msgid ""
	"Earlier we have figured out the formula of calculating proper exposure at an "
	"arbitrary f-number from that measured at a different f-number."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3198
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3174
	msgid ""
	"Every light meter I have ever seen can determine proper exposure at f5.6. "
	"We will, therefore, calculate an _\"f5.6 multiplier,\"_ i.e., by how much we "
	@@ -6156,7 +6113,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3200
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3176
	msgid ""
	"From the above formula we know this factor can be calculated by dividing our "
	"f-number (the actual one, not the normalized one) by `5.6`, and squaring the "
	@@ -6164,21 +6121,21 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3202
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3178
	msgid ""
	"Mathematically, dividing the square of our f-number by the square of `5.6` "
	"will give us the same result."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3205
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3181
	msgid ""
	"Computationally, we do not want to square two numbers when we can only "
	"square one. So, the first solution seems better at first."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3213
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3189
	msgid ""
	"`5.6` is a _constant_. We do not have to have our FPU waste precious "
	"cycles. We can just tell it to divide the square of the f-number by "
	@@ -6187,12 +6144,12 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3215
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3191
	msgid "But, they are not!"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3219
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3195
	msgid ""
	"Having studied the principles of photography above, we remember that the "
	"`5.6` is actually square root of 2 raised to the fifth power. An "
	@@ -6200,7 +6157,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3225
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3201
	msgid ""
	"Not only is `32` an integer, it is a power of 2. We do not need to divide "
	"the square of the f-number by `32`. We only need to use `fscale` to shift "
	@@ -6209,7 +6166,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3228
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3204
	msgid ""
	"So, now it has become clear why we have saved the square of the f-number on "
	"the top of the FPU stack. The calculation of the f5.6 multiplier is the "
	@@ -6218,7 +6175,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3231
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3207
	msgid ""
	"There is one more useful number we can calculate: The number of stops our f-"
	"number is from f5.6. This may help us if our f-number is just outside the "
	@@ -6227,7 +6184,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3234
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3210
	msgid ""
	"Say, our f-number is 5 stops from f5.6, and the light meter says we should "
	"use 1/1000 sec. Then we can set our shutter speed to 1/1000 first, then "
	@@ -6235,7 +6192,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3239
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3215
	msgid ""
	"This calculation is quite easy as well. All we have to do is to calculate "
	"the base-2 logarithm of the f5.6 multiplier we had just calculated (though "
	@@ -6246,20 +6203,20 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3241
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3217
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "FPU Optimizations"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3244
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3220
	msgid ""
	"In assembly language we can optimize the FPU code in ways impossible in high "
	"languages, including C."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3248
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3224
	msgid ""
	"Whenever a C function needs to calculate a floating-point value, it loads "
	"all necessary variables and constants into FPU registers. It then does "
	@@ -6268,7 +6225,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3252
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3228
	msgid ""
	"It \"returns\" the value by leaving the result on the TOS. However, before "
	"it returns, it cleans up. Any variables and constants it used in its "
	@@ -6276,35 +6233,35 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3254
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3230
	msgid ""
	"It cannot do what we just did above: We calculated the square of the f-"
	"number and kept it on the stack for later use by another function."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3257
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3233
	msgid ""
	"We _knew_ we would need that value later on. We also knew we had enough "
	"room on the stack (which only has room for 8 numbers) to store it there."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3259
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3235
	msgid ""
	"A C compiler has no way of knowing that a value it has on the stack will be "
	"required again in the very near future."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3262
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3238
	msgid ""
	"Of course, the C programmer may know it. But the only recourse he has is to "
	"store the value in a memory variable."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3264
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3240
	msgid ""
	"That means, for one, the value will be changed from the 80-bit precision "
	"used internally by the FPU to a C _double_ (64 bits) or even _single_ (32 "
	@@ -6312,7 +6269,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3267
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3243
	msgid ""
	"That also means that the value must be moved from the TOS into the memory, "
	"and then back again. Alas, of all FPU operations, the ones that access the "
	@@ -6320,21 +6277,21 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3269
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3245
	msgid ""
	"So, whenever programming the FPU in assembly language, look for the ways of "
	"keeping intermediate results on the FPU stack."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3271
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3247
	msgid ""
	"We can take that idea even further! In our program we are using a _constant_ "
	"(the one we named `PC`)."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3274
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3250
	msgid ""
	"It does not matter how many pinhole diameters we are calculating: 1, 10, 20, "
	"1000, we are always using the same constant. Therefore, we can optimize our "
	@@ -6342,7 +6299,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3277
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3253
	msgid ""
	"Early on in our program, we are calculating the value of the above "
	"constant. We need to divide our input by `10` for every digit in the "
	@@ -6350,7 +6307,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3280
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3256
	msgid ""
	"It is much faster to multiply than to divide. So, at the start of our "
	"program, we divide `10` into `1` to obtain `0.1`, which we then keep on the "
	@@ -6359,7 +6316,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3284
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3260
	msgid ""
	"By the way, we do not input `0.1` directly, even though we could. We have a "
	"reason for that: While `0.1` can be expressed with just one decimal place, "
	@@ -6368,7 +6325,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3289
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3265
	msgid ""
	"We are using other constants: We multiply the pinhole diameter by `1000` to "
	"convert it from millimeters to microns. We compare numbers to `10000` when "
	@@ -6378,7 +6335,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3295
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3271
	msgid ""
	"Last but not least, we keep `-5` on the stack. We need it to scale the "
	"square of the f-number, instead of dividing it by `32`. It is not by "
	@@ -6389,14 +6346,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3298
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3274
	msgid ""
	"It is common to create certain constants from scratch instead of loading "
	"them from the memory. That is what we are doing with `-5`:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3307
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3283
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tfld1\t\t\t; TOS = 1\n"
	@@ -6408,14 +6365,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3310
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3286
	msgid ""
	"We can generalize all these optimizations into one rule: _Keep repeat values "
	"on the stack!_"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3315
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3291
	msgid ""
	"_PostScript(R)_ is a stack-oriented programming language. There are many "
	"more books available about PostScript(R) than about the FPU assembly "
	@@ -6423,13 +6380,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3318
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3294
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "pinhole-The Code"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3333
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3309
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	";;;;;;; pinhole.asm ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	@@ -6446,7 +6403,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3368
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3344
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"section\t.data\n"
	@@ -6482,7 +6439,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3374
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3350
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"section .bss\n"
	@@ -6493,7 +6450,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3385
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3361
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"section\t.text\n"
	@@ -6509,7 +6466,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3394
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3370
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -6523,7 +6480,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3403
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3379
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -6537,7 +6494,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3412
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3388
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -6551,7 +6508,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3436
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3412
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -6562,7 +6519,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3441
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3417
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".arg:\n"
	@@ -6572,7 +6529,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3449
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3425
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tinc\tecx\n"
	@@ -6581,7 +6538,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3467
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3443
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	@@ -6591,7 +6548,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3494
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3470
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Find the path to the input file\n"
	@@ -6603,7 +6560,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3510
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3486
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".p:\n"
	@@ -6614,7 +6571,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3514
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3490
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tpop\tecx\n"
	@@ -6623,13 +6580,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3516
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3492
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "\tmov\tah, [ecx]\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3524
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3500
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".pcheck:\n"
	@@ -6642,7 +6599,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3532
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3508
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".c:\n"
	@@ -6655,7 +6612,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3540
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3516
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".b:\n"
	@@ -6668,7 +6625,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3553
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3529
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".e:\n"
	@@ -6686,7 +6643,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3560
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3536
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -6698,13 +6655,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3562
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3538
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "\tsub\tecx, ecx\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3567
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3543
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".nextenv:\n"
	@@ -6714,7 +6671,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3573
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3549
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; check if this envar starts with 'PINHOLE='\n"
	@@ -6725,7 +6682,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3581
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3557
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Check if it is followed by a digit\n"
	@@ -6738,7 +6695,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3588
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3564
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -6750,7 +6707,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3597
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3573
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -6764,7 +6721,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3606
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3582
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Convert the pinhole constant to real\n"
	@@ -6778,13 +6735,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3608
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3584
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "\tinc\tdl\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3615
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3591
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".processconst:\n"
	@@ -6796,7 +6753,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3620
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3596
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -6806,7 +6763,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3623
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3599
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tfinit\n"
	@@ -6814,7 +6771,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3627
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3603
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tfld1\n"
	@@ -6823,7 +6780,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3630
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3606
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tfild\tdword [thousand]\n"
	@@ -6831,7 +6788,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3633
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3609
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tmov\tebp, ecx\n"
	@@ -6839,7 +6796,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3637
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3613
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".constdiv:\n"
	@@ -6848,7 +6805,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3644
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3620
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tfld1\n"
	@@ -6860,7 +6817,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3649
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3625
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; If we are creating a CSV file,\n"
	@@ -6870,7 +6827,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3654
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3630
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tpush\tdword headlen\n"
	@@ -6880,7 +6837,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3658
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3634
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".bigloop:\n"
	@@ -6889,7 +6846,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3664
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3640
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Skip to the end of the line if you got '#'\n"
	@@ -6900,7 +6857,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3671
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3647
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".num:\n"
	@@ -6912,7 +6869,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3675
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3651
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Yes, we have a number\n"
	@@ -6921,7 +6878,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3680
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3656
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".number:\n"
	@@ -6931,7 +6888,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3691
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3667
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".number0:\n"
	@@ -6947,7 +6904,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3702
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3678
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".nextnumber:\n"
	@@ -6963,7 +6920,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3706
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3682
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".ungetc:\n"
	@@ -6972,7 +6929,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3711
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3687
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".work:\n"
	@@ -6982,7 +6939,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3714
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3690
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tcmp\tebp, 19\n"
	@@ -6990,19 +6947,19 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3716
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3692
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "\tcall\tbcdload\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3718
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3694
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "\t; Calculate pinhole diameter\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3725
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3701
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tfld\tst0\t; save it\n"
	@@ -7014,7 +6971,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3735
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3711
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Round off to 4 significant digits\n"
	@@ -7029,7 +6986,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3738
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3714
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".printdiameter:\n"
	@@ -7037,13 +6994,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3740
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3716
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "\t; Calculate F-number\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3743
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3719
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tfdivp\tst1, st0\n"
	@@ -7051,13 +7008,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3745
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3721
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "\tsub\tebp, ebp\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3754
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3730
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".fnumber:\n"
	@@ -7071,7 +7028,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3757
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3733
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".printfnumber:\n"
	@@ -7079,7 +7036,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3768
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3744
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Calculate normalized F-number\n"
	@@ -7095,8 +7052,8 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3771
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3799
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3747
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3775
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tsub\tebp, ebp\n"
	@@ -7104,13 +7061,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3773
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3749
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "\t; Calculate time multiplier from F-5.6\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3776
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3752
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tfscale\n"
	@@ -7118,7 +7075,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3782
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3758
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Round off to 4 significant digits\n"
	@@ -7129,7 +7086,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3787
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3763
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tjb\t.printfmul\n"
	@@ -7139,7 +7096,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3790
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3766
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".printfmul:\n"
	@@ -7147,13 +7104,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3792
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3768
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "\t; Calculate F-stops from 5.6\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3796
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3772
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tfld1\n"
	@@ -7162,7 +7119,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3803
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3779
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tmov\tal, 0Ah\n"
	@@ -7171,7 +7128,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3807
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3783
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".work0:\n"
	@@ -7180,7 +7137,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3812
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3788
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -7190,7 +7147,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3816
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3792
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -7199,13 +7156,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3825
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3801
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "\tfinit\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3838
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3814
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -7219,7 +7176,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3843
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3819
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".cr:\n"
	@@ -7229,7 +7186,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3856
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3832
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".fetch:\n"
	@@ -7240,7 +7197,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3873
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3849
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".read:\n"
	@@ -7258,7 +7215,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3879
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3855
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -7269,7 +7226,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3908
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3884
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -7281,7 +7238,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3912
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3888
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tlea\tecx, [ebp+1]\n"
	@@ -7290,13 +7247,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3914
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3890
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "\tstd\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3920
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3896
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tmov\tedi, bbuffer\n"
	@@ -7307,7 +7264,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3929
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3905
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".loop:\n"
	@@ -7321,13 +7278,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3931
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3907
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "\tfbld\t[bbuffer]\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3938
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3914
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tcld\n"
	@@ -7339,7 +7296,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3944
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3920
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"align 4\n"
	@@ -7350,7 +7307,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3948
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3924
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Print the integer at the TOS\n"
	@@ -7359,7 +7316,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3954
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3930
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; Check the sign\n"
	@@ -7370,7 +7327,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3958
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3934
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; We got a negative number (should never happen)\n"
	@@ -7379,7 +7336,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3967
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3943
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".leading:\n"
	@@ -7393,7 +7350,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3972
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3948
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\t; We are here because the result was 0.\n"
	@@ -7403,7 +7360,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3984
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3960
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".first:\n"
	@@ -7420,7 +7377,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3988
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3964
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".second:\n"
	@@ -7429,7 +7386,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3992
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3968
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".next:\n"
	@@ -7438,7 +7395,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4002
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3978
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tmov\tal, [ebp]\n"
	@@ -7453,7 +7410,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4005
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3981
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"\tdec\tebp\n"
	@@ -7461,7 +7418,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4010
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3986
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".done:\n"
	@@ -7471,7 +7428,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4016
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3992
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".zeros:\n"
	@@ -7482,7 +7439,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4019
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3995
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	".ret:\n"
	@@ -7490,38 +7447,38 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4022
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:3998
	msgid ""
	"The code follows the same format as all the other filters we have seen "
	"before, with one subtle exception:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4025
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4001
	msgid ""
	"We are no longer assuming that the end of input implies the end of things to "
	"do, something we took for granted in the _character-oriented_ filters."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4027
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4003
	msgid ""
	"This filter does not process characters. It processes a _language_ (albeit a "
	"very simple one, consisting only of numbers)."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4029
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4005
	msgid "When we have no more input, it can mean one of two things:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4031
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4007
	msgid "We are done and can quit. This is the same as before."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4032
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4008
	msgid ""
	"The last character we have read was a digit. We have stored it at the end of "
	"our ASCII-to-float conversion buffer. We now need to convert the contents of "
	@@ -7529,7 +7486,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4034
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4010
	msgid ""
	"For that reason, we have modified our `getchar` and our `read` routines to "
	"return with the `carry flag` _clear_ whenever we are fetching another "
	@@ -7538,21 +7495,21 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4037
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4013
	msgid ""
	"Of course, we are still using assembly language magic to do that! Take a "
	"good look at `getchar`. It _always_ returns with the `carry flag` _clear_."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4039
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4015
	msgid ""
	"Yet, our main code relies on the `carry flag` to tell it when to quit-and it "
	"works."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4042
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4018
	msgid ""
	"The magic is in `read`. Whenever it receives more input from the system, it "
	"just returns to `getchar`, which fetches a character from the input buffer, "
	@@ -7560,7 +7517,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4045
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4021
	msgid ""
	"But when `read` receives no more input from the system, it does _not_ return "
	"to `getchar` at all. Instead, the `add esp, byte 4` op code adds `4` to "
	@@ -7568,7 +7525,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4049
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4025
	msgid ""
	"So, where does it return to? Whenever a program uses the `call` op code, the "
	"microprocessor ``push``es the return address, i.e., it stores it on the top "
	@@ -7578,7 +7535,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4051
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4027
	msgid ""
	"But since we added `4` to `ESP` (which is the stack pointer register), we "
	"have effectively given the microprocessor a minor case of _amnesia_: It no "
	@@ -7586,7 +7543,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4053
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4029
	msgid ""
	"And since `getchar` never ``push``ed anything before ``call``ing `read`, the "
	"top of the stack now contains the return address to whatever or whoever "
	@@ -7595,14 +7552,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4056
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4032
	msgid ""
	"Other than that, the `bcdload` routine is caught up in the middle of a "
	"Lilliputian conflict between the Big-Endians and the Little-Endians."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4058
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4034
	msgid ""
	"It is converting the text representation of a number into that number: The "
	"text is stored in the big-endian order, but the _packed decimal_ is little-"
	@@ -7610,7 +7567,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4061
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4037
	msgid ""
	"To solve the conflict, we use the `std` op code early on. We cancel it with "
	"`cld` later on: It is quite important we do not `call` anything that may "
	@@ -7618,14 +7575,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4063
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4039
	msgid ""
	"Everything else in this code should be quit eclear, providing you have read "
	-"the entire chapter that precedes it."
	+"the entire article that precedes it."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4066
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4042
	msgid ""
	"It is a classical example of the adage that programming requires a lot of "
	"thought and only a little coding. Once we have thought through every tiny "
	@@ -7633,13 +7590,13 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4068
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4044
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Using pinhole"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4072
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4048
	msgid ""
	"Because we have decided to make the program _ignore_ any input except for "
	"numbers (and even those inside a comment), we can actually perform _textual "
	@@ -7647,14 +7604,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4074
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4050
	msgid ""
	"In my humble opinion, forming a textual query, instead of having to follow a "
	"very strict syntax, makes software much more user friendly."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4080
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4056
	msgid ""
	"Suppose we want to build a pinhole camera to use the 4x5 inch film. The "
	"standard focal length for that film is about 150mm. We want to _fine-tune_ "
	@@ -7665,24 +7622,24 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4082
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4058
	msgid "Our session might look like this:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4086
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4062
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "% pinhole\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4088
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4064
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Computer,\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4101
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4077
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"What size pinhole do I need for the focal length of 150?\n"
	@@ -7700,7 +7657,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4104
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4080
	msgid ""
	"We have found that while for the focal length of 150, our pinhole diameter "
	"should be 490 microns, or 0.49 mm, if we go with the almost identical focal "
	@@ -7709,55 +7666,55 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4106
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4082
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Scripting"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4109
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4085
	msgid ""
	"Because we have chosen the `+#+` character to denote the start of a comment, "
	"we can treat our pinhole software as a _scripting language_."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4111
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4087
	msgid "You have probably seen shell _scripts_ that start with:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4115
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4091
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "#! /bin/sh\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4118
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4094
	msgid "...or..."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4122
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4098
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "#!/bin/sh\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4125
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4101
	msgid "...because the blank space after the `#!` is optional."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4128
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4104
	msgid ""
	-"Whenever UNIX(R) is asked to run an executable file which starts with the `#!"
	-"`, it assumes the file is a script. It adds the command to the rest of the "
	+"Whenever UNIX is asked to run an executable file which starts with the `#!`, "
	+"it assumes the file is a script. It adds the command to the rest of the "
	"first line of the script, and tries to execute that."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4130
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4106
	msgid ""
	"Suppose now that we have installed pinhole in /usr/local/bin/, we can now "
	"write a script to calculate various pinhole diameters suitable for various "
	@@ -7765,12 +7722,12 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4132
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4108
	msgid "The script might look something like this:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4138
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4114
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"#! /usr/local/bin/pinhole -b -i\n"
	@@ -7779,7 +7736,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4141
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4117
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"### Standard\n"
	@@ -7787,7 +7744,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4144
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4120
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"### Wide angle\n"
	@@ -7795,7 +7752,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4147
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4123
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"### Telephoto\n"
	@@ -7803,18 +7760,18 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4150
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4126
	msgid "Because 120 is a medium size film, we may name this file medium."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4152
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4128
	msgid ""
	"We can set its permissions to execute, and run it as if it were a program:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4157
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4133
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"% chmod 755 medium\n"
	@@ -7822,23 +7779,23 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4160
	-msgid "UNIX(R) will interpret that last command as:"
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4136
	+msgid "UNIX will interpret that last command as:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4164
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4140
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "% /usr/local/bin/pinhole -b -i ./medium\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4167
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4143
	msgid "It will run that command and display:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4179
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4155
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"80\t358\t224\t256\t1562\t11\n"
	@@ -7853,29 +7810,29 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4182
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4158
	msgid "Now, let us enter:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4186
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4162
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "% ./medium -c\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4189
	-msgid "UNIX(R) will treat that as:"
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4165
	+msgid "UNIX will treat that as:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4193
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4169
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "% /usr/local/bin/pinhole -b -i ./medium -c\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4197
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4173
	msgid ""
	"That gives it two conflicting options: `-b` and `-c` (Use Bender's constant "
	"and use Connors' constant). We have programmed it so later options override "
	@@ -7883,7 +7840,7 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4209
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4185
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"80\t331\t242\t256\t1826\t11\n"
	@@ -7898,14 +7855,14 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4213
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4189
	msgid ""
	"We decide we want to go with Bender's constant after all. We want to save "
	"its values as a comma-separated file:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4229
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4205
	#, no-wrap
	msgid ""
	"% ./medium -b -e > bender\n"
	@@ -7924,103 +7881,102 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4232
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4208
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Caveats"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4236
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4212
	msgid ""
	-"Assembly language programmers who \"grew up\" under MS-DOS(R) and Windows(R) "
	-"often tend to take shortcuts. Reading the keyboard scan codes and writing "
	+"Assembly language programmers who \"grew up\" under MS-DOS and Windows often "
	+"tend to take shortcuts. Reading the keyboard scan codes and writing "
	"directly to video memory are two classical examples of practices which, "
	-"under MS-DOS(R) are not frowned upon but considered the right thing to do."
	+"under MS-DOS are not frowned upon but considered the right thing to do."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4238
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4214
	msgid ""
	-"The reason? Both the PC BIOS and MS-DOS(R) are notoriously slow when "
	-"performing these operations."
	+"The reason? Both the PC BIOS and MS-DOS are notoriously slow when performing "
	+"these operations."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4241
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4217
	msgid ""
	-"You may be tempted to continue similar practices in the UNIX(R) "
	-"environment. For example, I have seen a web site which explains how to "
	-"access the keyboard scan codes on a popular UNIX(R) clone."
	+"You may be tempted to continue similar practices in the UNIX environment. "
	+"For example, I have seen a web site which explains how to access the "
	+"keyboard scan codes on a popular UNIX clone."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4243
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4219
	msgid ""
	-"That is generally a _very bad idea_ in UNIX(R) environment! Let me explain "
	-"why."
	+"That is generally a _very bad idea_ in UNIX environment! Let me explain why."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4245
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4221
	#, no-wrap
	-msgid "UNIX(R) Is Protected"
	+msgid "UNIX Is Protected"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4252
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4228
	msgid ""
	-"For one thing, it may simply not be possible. UNIX(R) runs in protected "
	-"mode. Only the kernel and device drivers are allowed to access hardware "
	-"directly. Perhaps a particular UNIX(R) clone will let you read the keyboard "
	-"scan codes, but chances are a real UNIX(R) operating system will not. And "
	-"even if one version may let you do it, the next one may not, so your "
	-"carefully crafted software may become a dinosaur overnight."
	+"For one thing, it may simply not be possible. UNIX runs in protected mode. "
	+"Only the kernel and device drivers are allowed to access hardware directly. "
	+"Perhaps a particular UNIX clone will let you read the keyboard scan codes, "
	+"but chances are a real UNIX operating system will not. And even if one "
	+"version may let you do it, the next one may not, so your carefully crafted "
	+"software may become a dinosaur overnight."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4254
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4230
	#, no-wrap
	-msgid "UNIX(R) Is an Abstraction"
	+msgid "UNIX Is an Abstraction"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4257
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4233
	msgid ""
	"But there is a much more important reason not to try accessing the hardware "
	"directly (unless, of course, you are writing a device driver), even on the "
	-"UNIX(R) like systems that let you do it:"
	+"UNIX like systems that let you do it:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4259
	-msgid "_UNIX(R) is an abstraction!_"
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4235
	+msgid "_UNIX is an abstraction!_"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4265
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4241
	msgid ""
	-"There is a major difference in the philosophy of design between MS-DOS(R) "
	-"and UNIX(R). MS-DOS(R) was designed as a single-user system. It is run on "
	-"a computer with a keyboard and a video screen attached directly to that "
	-"computer. User input is almost guaranteed to come from that keyboard. Your "
	-"program's output virtually always ends up on that screen."
	+"There is a major difference in the philosophy of design between MS-DOS and "
	+"UNIX. MS-DOS was designed as a single-user system. It is run on a computer "
	+"with a keyboard and a video screen attached directly to that computer. User "
	+"input is almost guaranteed to come from that keyboard. Your program's "
	+"output virtually always ends up on that screen."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4268
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4244
	msgid ""
	-"This is NEVER guaranteed under UNIX(R). It is quite common for a UNIX(R) "
	-"user to pipe and redirect program input and output:"
	+"This is NEVER guaranteed under UNIX. It is quite common for a UNIX user to "
	+"pipe and redirect program input and output:"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4272
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4248
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "% program1 \| program2 \| program3 > file1\n"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4276
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4252
	msgid ""
	"If you have written program2, your input does not come from the keyboard but "
	"from the output of program1. Similarly, your output does not go to the "
	@@ -8029,37 +7985,37 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4279
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4255
	msgid ""
	"But there is more! Even if you made sure that your input comes from, and "
	"your output goes to, the terminal, there is no guarantee the terminal is a "
	"PC: It may not have its video memory where you expect it, nor may its "
	-"keyboard be producing PC-style scan codes. It may be a Macintosh(R), or any "
	+"keyboard be producing PC-style scan codes. It may be a Macintosh, or any "
	"other computer."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4281
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4257
	msgid ""
	"Now you may be shaking your head: My software is in PC assembly language, "
	-"how can it run on a Macintosh(R)? But I did not say your software would be "
	-"running on a Macintosh(R), only that its terminal may be a Macintosh(R)."
	+"how can it run on a Macintosh? But I did not say your software would be "
	+"running on a Macintosh, only that its terminal may be a Macintosh."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4285
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4261
	msgid ""
	-"Under UNIX(R), the terminal does not have to be directly attached to the "
	+"Under UNIX, the terminal does not have to be directly attached to the "
	"computer that runs your software, it can even be on another continent, or, "
	"for that matter, on another planet. It is perfectly possible that a "
	-"Macintosh(R) user in Australia connects to a UNIX(R) system in North America "
	-"(or anywhere else) via telnet. The software then runs on one computer, "
	-"while the terminal is on a different computer: If you try to read the scan "
	-"codes, you will get the wrong input!"
	+"Macintosh user in Australia connects to a UNIX system in North America (or "
	+"anywhere else) via telnet. The software then runs on one computer, while "
	+"the terminal is on a different computer: If you try to read the scan codes, "
	+"you will get the wrong input!"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4288
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4264
	msgid ""
	"Same holds true about any other hardware: A file you are reading may be on a "
	"disk you have no direct access to. A camera you are reading images from may "
	@@ -8067,52 +8023,53 @@
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4291
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4267
	msgid ""
	-"That is why under UNIX(R) you must never make any assumptions about where "
	-"your data is coming from and going to. Always let the system handle the "
	-"physical access to the hardware."
	+"That is why under UNIX you must never make any assumptions about where your "
	+"data is coming from and going to. Always let the system handle the physical "
	+"access to the hardware."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4299
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4275
	msgid ""
	"These are caveats, not absolute rules. Exceptions are possible. For "
	"example, if a text editor has determined it is running on a local machine, "
	"it may want to read the scan codes directly for improved control. I am not "
	"mentioning these caveats to tell you what to do or what not to do, just to "
	"make you aware of certain pitfalls that await you if you have just arrived "
	-"to UNIX(R) form MS-DOS(R). Of course, creative people often break rules, "
	-"and it is OK as long as they know they are breaking them and why."
	+"to UNIX form MS-DOS. Of course, creative people often break rules, and it "
	+"is OK as long as they know they are breaking them and why."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4302
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4278
	#, no-wrap
	msgid "Acknowledgements"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4305
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4281
	msgid ""
	"This tutorial would never have been possible without the help of many "
	"experienced FreeBSD programmers from the {freebsd-hackers}, many of whom "
	"have patiently answered my questions, and pointed me in the right direction "
	-"in my attempts to explore the inner workings of UNIX(R) system programming "
	-"in general and FreeBSD in particular."
	+"in my attempts to explore the inner workings of UNIX system programming in "
	+"general and FreeBSD in particular."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4308
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4284
	msgid ""
	-"Thomas M. Sommers opened the door for me . His https://web.archive.org/web/"
	-"20090914064615/http://www.codebreakers-journal.com/content/view/262/27[How "
	-"do I write \"Hello, world\" in FreeBSD assembler?] web page was my first "
	-"encounter with an example of assembly language programming under FreeBSD."
	+"Thomas M. Sommers opened the door for me. His link:https://web.archive.org/"
	+"web/20090914064615/http://www.codebreakers-journal.com/content/view/"
	+"262/27[How do I write \"Hello, world\" in FreeBSD assembler?] web page was "
	+"my first encounter with an example of assembly language programming under "
	+"FreeBSD."
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4310
	+#: documentation/content/en/articles/x86-assembly/_index.adoc:4286
	msgid ""
	"Jake Burkholder has kept the door open by willingly answering all of my "
	"questions and supplying me with example assembly language source code."
	Index: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/partiv.po
	===================================================================
	--- documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/partiv.po
	+++ documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/partiv.po
	@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
	msgid ""
	msgstr ""
	"Project-Id-Version: FreeBSD Documentation VERSION\n"
	-"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-05-01 19:56-0300\n"
	+"POT-Creation-Date: 2026-04-16 15:39-0300\n"
	"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
	"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
	"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
	@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@
	#. type: YAML Front Matter: title
	#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/partiv.adoc:1
	#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Part IV. Architectures"
	+msgid "Part IV. Appendices"
	msgstr ""

	#. type: Title =
	#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/partiv.adoc:12
	#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Architectures"
	+msgid "Appendices"
	msgstr ""
	Index: documentation/content/ru/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.po
	===================================================================
	--- documentation/content/ru/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.po
	+++ /dev/null
	@@ -1,11158 +0,0 @@
	-# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
	-# Copyright (C) YEAR The FreeBSD Project
	-# This file is distributed under the same license as the FreeBSD Documentation package.
	-# Vladlen Popolitov <vladlenpopolitov@list.ru>, 2025, 2026.
	-msgid ""
	-msgstr ""
	-"Project-Id-Version: FreeBSD Documentation VERSION\n"
	-"POT-Creation-Date: 2025-11-08 16:17+0000\n"
	-"PO-Revision-Date: 2026-03-04 20:01+0000\n"
	-"Last-Translator: Vladlen Popolitov <vladlenpopolitov@list.ru>\n"
	-"Language-Team: Russian <https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/projects/"
	-"documentation/booksdevelopers-handbookx86_index/ru/>\n"
	-"Language: ru\n"
	-"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
	-"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
	-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
	-"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && "
	-"n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 \|\| n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2;\n"
	-"X-Generator: Weblate 4.17\n"
	-
	-#. type: Title =
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:15
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "x86 Assembly Language Programming"
	-msgstr "Программирование на ассемблере x86"
	-
	-#. type: YAML Front Matter: title
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Chapter 11. x86 Assembly Language Programming"
	-msgstr "Глава 11. Программирование на языке ассемблера для x86"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:53
	-msgid "_This chapter was written by {stanislav}._"
	-msgstr "_Эта глава была написана {stanislav}._"
	-
	-#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:55
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Synopsis"
	-msgstr "Обзор"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:59
	-msgid ""
	-"Assembly language programming under UNIX(R) is highly undocumented. It is "
	-"generally assumed that no one would ever want to use it because various "
	-"UNIX(R) systems run on different microprocessors, so everything should be "
	-"written in C for portability."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Программирование на ассемблере в UNIX(R) крайне плохо документировано. "
	-"Обычно предполагается, что никто не захочет его использовать, поскольку "
	-"различные системы UNIX(R) работают на разных микропроцессорах, и поэтому всё "
	-"должно быть написано на C для обеспечения переносимости."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:63
	-msgid ""
	-"In reality, C portability is quite a myth. Even C programs need to be "
	-"modified when ported from one UNIX(R) to another, regardless of what "
	-"processor each runs on. Typically, such a program is full of conditional "
	-"statements depending on the system it is compiled for."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В действительности переносимость программ на C — это скорее миф. Даже "
	-"программы на C требуют изменений при переносе с одной UNIX(R)-системы на "
	-"другую, независимо от процессора, на котором они работают. Обычно такая "
	-"программа содержит множество условных операторов, зависящих от системы, для "
	-"которой она компилируется."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:65
	-msgid ""
	-"Even if we believe that all of UNIX(R) software should be written in C, or "
	-"some other high-level language, we still need assembly language programmers: "
	-"Who else would write the section of C library that accesses the kernel?"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Даже если мы считаем, что всё программное обеспечение UNIX(R) должно быть "
	-"написано на C или другом языке высокого уровня, нам всё равно нужны "
	-"программисты на ассемблере: кто же ещё напишет часть библиотеки C, которая "
	-"обращается к ядру?"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:67
	-msgid ""
	-"In this chapter I will attempt to show you how you can use assembly language "
	-"writing UNIX(R) programs, specifically under FreeBSD."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В этой главе я попытаюсь показать вам, как можно использовать язык "
	-"ассемблера для написания программ под UNIX(R), в частности под FreeBSD."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:72
	-msgid ""
	-"This chapter does not explain the basics of assembly language. There are "
	-"enough resources about that (for a complete online course in assembly "
	-"language, see Randall Hyde's http://webster.cs.ucr.edu/[Art of Assembly "
	-"Language]; or if you prefer a printed book, take a look at Jeff Duntemann's "
	-"Assembly Language Step-by-Step (ISBN: 0471375233). However, once the "
	-"chapter is finished, any assembly language programmer will be able to write "
	-"programs for FreeBSD quickly and efficiently."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В этой главе не объясняются основы языка ассемблера. Существует достаточно "
	-"ресурсов на эту тему (например, полный онлайн-курс по языку ассемблера можно "
	-"найти в http://webster.cs.ucr.edu/[Искусстве языка ассемблера] Рэндалла "
	-"Хайда; если вы предпочитаете печатные книги, обратите внимание на «Язык "
	-"ассемблера шаг за шагом» Джеффа Дантемана (ISBN: 0471375233)). Однако после "
	-"прочтения этой главы любой программист на языке ассемблера сможет писать "
	-"программы для FreeBSD быстро и эффективно."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:74
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4311
	-msgid "Copyright (R) 2000-2001 G. Adam Stanislav. All rights reserved."
	-msgstr "Copyright (R) 2000-2001 G. Adam Stanislav. All rights reserved."
	-
	-#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:76
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "The Tools"
	-msgstr "Инструменты"
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:79
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "The Assembler"
	-msgstr "Ассемблер"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:82
	-msgid ""
	-"The most important tool for assembly language programming is the assembler, "
	-"the software that converts assembly language code into machine language."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Важнейшим инструментом для программирования на языке ассемблера является "
	-"ассемблер — программа, преобразующая код на языке ассемблера в машинный код."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:85
	-msgid ""
	-"Three very different assemblers are available for FreeBSD. Both man:llvm-"
	-"as[1] (included in package:devel/llvm[]) and man:as[1] (included in package:"
	-"devel/binutils[]) use the traditional UNIX(R) assembly language syntax."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Три очень разных ассемблера доступны для FreeBSD. И man:llvm-as[1] (включён "
	-"в package:devel/llvm[]), и man:as[1] (включён в package:devel/binutils[]) "
	-"используют традиционный синтаксис ассемблера UNIX(R)."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:88
	-msgid ""
	-"On the other hand, man:nasm[1] (installed through package:devel/nasm[]) uses "
	-"the Intel syntax. Its main advantage is that it can assemble code for many "
	-"operating systems."
	-msgstr ""
	-"С другой стороны, man:nasm[1] (устанавливаемый через package:devel/nasm[]) "
	-"использует синтаксис Intel. Его основное преимущество в том, что он может "
	-"ассемблировать код для многих операционных систем."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:91
	-msgid ""
	-"This chapter uses nasm syntax because most assembly language programmers "
	-"coming to FreeBSD from other operating systems will find it easier to "
	-"understand. And, because, quite frankly, that is what I am used to."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В этой главе используется синтаксис nasm, потому что большинство "
	-"программистов на ассемблере, приходящих в FreeBSD из других операционных "
	-"систем, найдут его более понятным. Кроме того, если честно, это то, к чему я "
	-"привык."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:93
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "The Linker"
	-msgstr "Компоновщик"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:96
	-msgid ""
	-"The output of the assembler, like that of any compiler, needs to be linked "
	-"to form an executable file."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Результат работы ассемблера, как и любого компилятора, необходимо связать, "
	-"чтобы получить исполняемый файл."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:99
	-msgid ""
	-"The standard man:ld[1] linker comes with FreeBSD. It works with the code "
	-"assembled with either assembler."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Стандартный компоновщик man:ld[1] поставляется с FreeBSD. Он работает с "
	-"кодом, собранным любым из ассемблеров."
	-
	-#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:101
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "System Calls"
	-msgstr "Системные вызовы"
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:104
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Default Calling Convention"
	-msgstr "Стандартное соглашение о вызовах"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:108
	-msgid ""
	-"By default, the FreeBSD kernel uses the C calling convention. Further, "
	-"although the kernel is accessed using `int 80h`, it is assumed the program "
	-"will call a function that issues `int 80h`, rather than issuing `int 80h` "
	-"directly."
	-msgstr ""
	-"По умолчанию ядро FreeBSD использует соглашение о вызовах C. Кроме того, "
	-"хотя доступ к ядру осуществляется с помощью `int 80h`, предполагается, что "
	-"программа вызовет функцию, которая выполняет `int 80h`, а не будет выполнять "
	-"`int 80h` напрямую."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:111
	-msgid ""
	-"This convention is very convenient, and quite superior to the Microsoft(R) "
	-"convention used by MS-DOS(R). Why? Because the UNIX(R) convention allows "
	-"any program written in any language to access the kernel."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Эта традиция очень удобна и значительно превосходит соглашение Microsoft(R), "
	-"используемое в MS-DOS(R). Почему? Потому что соглашение UNIX(R) позволяет "
	-"любой программе, написанной на любом языке, обращаться к ядру."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:114
	-msgid ""
	-"An assembly language program can do that as well. For example, we could "
	-"open a file:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Программа на ассемблере также может это сделать. Например, мы могли бы "
	-"открыть файл:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:120
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"kernel:\n"
	-"\tint\t80h\t; Call kernel\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"kernel:\n"
	-"\tint\t80h\t; Call kernel\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:129
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"open:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword mode\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword flags\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword path\n"
	-"\tmov\teax, 5\n"
	-"\tcall\tkernel\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"open:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword mode\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword flags\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword path\n"
	-"\tmov\teax, 5\n"
	-"\tcall\tkernel\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:133
	-msgid ""
	-"This is a very clean and portable way of coding. If you need to port the "
	-"code to a UNIX(R) system which uses a different interrupt, or a different "
	-"way of passing parameters, all you need to change is the kernel procedure."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это очень понятный и переносимый способ написания кода. Если вам нужно "
	-"перенести код на UNIX(R)-систему, которая использует другое прерывание или "
	-"другой способ передачи параметров, все, что вам нужно изменить, это "
	-"процедуру kernel."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:137
	-msgid ""
	-"But assembly language programmers like to shave off cycles. The above "
	-"example requires a `call/ret` combination. We can eliminate it by "
	-"``push``ing an extra dword:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Но программисты на ассемблере любят экономить такты. Приведённый выше пример "
	-"требует комбинации `call/ret`. Мы можем исключить её, сделав ``push`` "
	-"дополнительного двойного слова:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:148
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"open:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword mode\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword flags\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword path\n"
	-"\tmov\teax, 5\n"
	-"\tpush\teax\t\t; Or any other dword\n"
	-"\tint\t80h\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 16\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"open:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword mode\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword flags\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword path\n"
	-"\tmov\teax, 5\n"
	-"\tpush\teax\t\t; Or any other dword\n"
	-"\tint\t80h\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 16\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:151
	-msgid ""
	-"The `5` that we have placed in `EAX` identifies the kernel function, in this "
	-"case `open`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Помещённое в `EAX` значение `5` идентифицирует функцию ядра, в данном случае "
	-"`open`."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:153
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Alternate Calling Convention"
	-msgstr "Альтернативное соглашение о вызовах"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:158
	-msgid ""
	-"FreeBSD is an extremely flexible system. It offers other ways of calling "
	-"the kernel. For it to work, however, the system must have Linux emulation "
	-"installed."
	-msgstr ""
	-"FreeBSD — это чрезвычайно гибкая система. Она предлагает другие способы "
	-"вызова ядра. Однако для работы необходимо, чтобы в системе была установлена "
	-"эмуляция Linux."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:163
	-msgid ""
	-"Linux is a UNIX(R) like system. However, its kernel uses the same system-"
	-"call convention of passing parameters in registers MS-DOS(R) does. As with "
	-"the UNIX(R) convention, the function number is placed in `EAX`. The "
	-"parameters, however, are not passed on the stack but in `EBX, ECX, EDX, ESI, "
	-"EDI, EBP`:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Linux — это система, подобная UNIX(R). Однако её ядро использует то же "
	-"соглашение о системных вызовов для передачи параметров в регистрах, что и MS-"
	-"DOS(R). Как и в соглашении UNIX(R), номер функции помещается в `EAX`. Однако "
	-"параметры передаются не в стеке, а в регистрах `EBX, ECX, EDX, ESI, EDI, "
	-"EBP`:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:172
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"open:\n"
	-"\tmov\teax, 5\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, path\n"
	-"\tmov\tecx, flags\n"
	-"\tmov\tedx, mode\n"
	-"\tint\t80h\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"open:\n"
	-"\tmov\teax, 5\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, path\n"
	-"\tmov\tecx, flags\n"
	-"\tmov\tedx, mode\n"
	-"\tint\t80h\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:178
	-msgid ""
	-"This convention has a great disadvantage over the UNIX(R) way, at least as "
	-"far as assembly language programming is concerned: Every time you make a "
	-"kernel call you must `push` the registers, then `pop` them later. This "
	-"makes your code bulkier and slower. Nevertheless, FreeBSD gives you a "
	-"choice."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Этот подход имеет значительный недостаток по сравнению с UNIX(R), по крайней "
	-"мере, в контексте программирования на ассемблере: каждый раз при вызове ядра "
	-"необходимо сохранять регистры с помощью `push`, а затем восстанавливать их с "
	-"помощью `pop`. Это делает ваш код более громоздким и медленным. Тем не "
	-"менее, FreeBSD предоставляет вам выбор."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:181
	-msgid ""
	-"If you do choose the Linux convention, you must let the system know about "
	-"it. After your program is assembled and linked, you need to brand the "
	-"executable:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если вы решите использовать соглашение Linux, вы должны сообщить об этом "
	-"системе. После того как ваша программа будет ассемблирована и слинкована, "
	-"вам нужно пометить исполняемый файл:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:185
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "% brandelf -t Linux filename\n"
	-msgstr "% brandelf -t Linux filename\n"
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:188
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Which Convention Should You Use?"
	-msgstr "Какое соглашение следует использовать?"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:193
	-msgid ""
	-"If you are coding specifically for FreeBSD, you should always use the "
	-"UNIX(R) convention: It is faster, you can store global variables in "
	-"registers, you do not have to brand the executable, and you do not impose "
	-"the installation of the Linux emulation package on the target system."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если вы разрабатываете код специально для FreeBSD, всегда следует "
	-"использовать соглашение UNIX(R): это быстрее, вы можете хранить глобальные "
	-"переменные в регистрах, вам не нужно маркировать исполняемый файл, и вы не "
	-"требуете установки пакета эмуляции Linux на целевой системе."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:196
	-msgid ""
	-"If you want to create portable code that can also run on Linux, you will "
	-"probably still want to give the FreeBSD users as efficient a code as "
	-"possible. I will show you how you can accomplish that after I have "
	-"explained the basics."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Хотя вы можете хотеть создать переносимый код, который также работает на "
	-"Linux, вам, вероятно, по-прежнему будет нужен максимально эффективный код "
	-"для пользователей FreeBSD. Я покажу вам, как этого добиться, после того как "
	-"объясню основы."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:198
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Call Numbers"
	-msgstr "Номера вызовов"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:202
	-msgid ""
	-"To tell the kernel which system service you are calling, place its number in "
	-"`EAX`. Of course, you need to know what the number is."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Чтобы сообщить ядру, какую системную службу вы вызываете, поместите её номер "
	-"в `EAX`. Разумеется, вам необходимо знать, что это за номер."
	-
	-#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:204
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "The [.filename]#syscalls# File"
	-msgstr "Файл [.filename]#syscalls#"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:208
	-msgid ""
	-"The numbers are listed in [.filename]#syscalls#. `locate syscalls` finds "
	-"this file in several different formats, all produced automatically from [."
	-"filename]#syscalls.master#."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Номера перечислены в [.filename]#syscalls#. Команда `locate syscalls` "
	-"находит этот файл в нескольких различных форматах, все они создаются "
	-"автоматически из [.filename]#syscalls.master#."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:211
	-msgid ""
	-"You can find the master file for the default UNIX(R) calling convention in [."
	-"filename]#/usr/src/sys/kern/syscalls.master#. If you need to use the other "
	-"convention implemented in the Linux emulation mode, read [.filename]#/usr/"
	-"src/sys/i386/linux/syscalls.master#."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Основной файл для стандартного соглашения о вызовах UNIX(R) можно найти в [."
	-"filename]#/usr/src/sys/kern/syscalls.master#. Если вам необходимо "
	-"использовать другое соглашение, реализованное в режиме эмуляции Linux, "
	-"обратитесь к [.filename]#/usr/src/sys/i386/linux/syscalls.master#."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:215
	-msgid ""
	-"Not only do FreeBSD and Linux use different calling conventions, they "
	-"sometimes use different numbers for the same functions."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Не только FreeBSD и Linux используют разные соглашения о вызовах, но иногда "
	-"они используют разные номера для одних и тех же функций."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:218
	-msgid "[.filename]#syscalls.master# describes how the call is to be made:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"[.filename]#syscalls.master# описывает, как должен быть выполнен вызов:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:229
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"0\tSTD\tNOHIDE\t{ int nosys(void); } syscall nosys_args int\n"
	-"1\tSTD\tNOHIDE\t{ void exit(int rval); } exit rexit_args void\n"
	-"2\tSTD\tPOSIX\t{ int fork(void); }\n"
	-"3\tSTD\tPOSIX\t{ ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbyte); }\n"
	-"4\tSTD\tPOSIX\t{ ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbyte); }\n"
	-"5\tSTD\tPOSIX\t{ int open(char *path, int flags, int mode); }\n"
	-"6\tSTD\tPOSIX\t{ int close(int fd); }\n"
	-"etc...\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"0\tSTD\tNOHIDE\t{ int nosys(void); } syscall nosys_args int\n"
	-"1\tSTD\tNOHIDE\t{ void exit(int rval); } exit rexit_args void\n"
	-"2\tSTD\tPOSIX\t{ int fork(void); }\n"
	-"3\tSTD\tPOSIX\t{ ssize_t read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbyte); }\n"
	-"4\tSTD\tPOSIX\t{ ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbyte); }\n"
	-"5\tSTD\tPOSIX\t{ int open(char *path, int flags, int mode); }\n"
	-"6\tSTD\tPOSIX\t{ int close(int fd); }\n"
	-"etc...\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:232
	-msgid "It is the leftmost column that tells us the number to place in `EAX`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это крайний левый столбец, который указывает число, которое нужно поместить "
	-"в `EAX`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:235
	-msgid ""
	-"The rightmost column tells us what parameters to `push`. They are "
	-"``push``ed _from right to left_."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Самый правый столбец указывает, какие параметры нужно `втолкнуть` в стек "
	-"командой push. Они `вталкиваются` _справа налево_."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:237
	-msgid ""
	-"For example, to `open` a file, we need to `push` the `mode` first, then "
	-"`flags`, then the address at which the `path` is stored."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Например, чтобы `открыть` файл, нам сначала нужно сделать `push` для `mode`, "
	-"затем `flags`, а затем адрес, по которому хранится `path`."
	-
	-#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:239
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Return Values"
	-msgstr "Возвращаемые значения"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:243
	-msgid ""
	-"A system call would not be useful most of the time if it did not return some "
	-"kind of a value: The file descriptor of an open file, the number of bytes "
	-"read to a buffer, the system time, etc."
	-msgstr ""
	-"От системных вызовов не было бы никакой пользы, если бы они не возвращали "
	-"какое-либо значение: дескриптор открытого файла, количество байтов, "
	-"прочитанных в буфер, системное время и т.д."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:246
	-msgid ""
	-"Additionally, the system needs to inform us if an error occurs: A file does "
	-"not exist, system resources are exhausted, we passed an invalid parameter, "
	-"etc."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Кроме того, система должна уведомлять нас, если возникает ошибка: файл не "
	-"существует, системные ресурсы исчерпаны, передан недопустимый параметр и т. "
	-"д."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:248
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Man Pages"
	-msgstr "Страницы Справочника"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:252
	-msgid ""
	-"The traditional place to look for information about various system calls "
	-"under UNIX(R) systems are the manual pages. FreeBSD describes its system "
	-"calls in section 2, sometimes in section 3."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Традиционным источником информации о различных системных вызовах в UNIX(R)-"
	-"системах являются страницы Справочника. В FreeBSD системные вызовы описаны в "
	-"разделе 2, иногда в разделе 3."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:254
	-msgid "For example, man:open[2] says:"
	-msgstr "Например, man:open[2] говорит:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:258
	-msgid ""
	-"If successful, `open()` returns a non-negative integer, termed a file "
	-"descriptor. It returns `-1` on failure, and sets `errno` to indicate the "
	-"error."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В случае успеха `open()` возвращает неотрицательное целое число, называемое "
	-"файловым дескриптором. В случае ошибки возвращается `-1`, а переменной "
	-"`errno` присваивается код ошибки."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:260
	-msgid ""
	-"The assembly language programmer new to UNIX(R) and FreeBSD will immediately "
	-"ask the puzzling question: Where is `errno` and how do I get to it?"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Программист на ассемблере, впервые столкнувшийся с UNIX(R) и FreeBSD, сразу "
	-"же задастся вопросом: где находится `errno` и как к ней обратиться?"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:265
	-msgid ""
	-"The information presented in the manual pages applies to C programs. The "
	-"assembly language programmer needs additional information."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Информация, представленная в руководствах, применима к программам на языке "
	-"C. Программистам на языке ассемблера требуется дополнительная информация."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:268
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Where Are the Return Values?"
	-msgstr "Где возвращаемые значения?"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:273
	-msgid ""
	-"Unfortunately, it depends... For most system calls it is in `EAX`, but not "
	-"for all. A good rule of thumb, when working with a system call for the "
	-"first time, is to look for the return value in `EAX`. If it is not there, "
	-"you need further research."
	-msgstr ""
	-"К сожалению, это зависит от ситуации... Для большинства системных вызовов "
	-"возвращаемое значение находится в `EAX`, но не для всех. Хорошее правило при "
	-"первой работе с системным вызовом — искать возвращаемое значение в `EAX`. "
	-"Если его там нет, потребуется дополнительное исследование."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:279
	-msgid ""
	-"I am aware of one system call that returns the value in `EDX`: `SYS_fork`. "
	-"All others I have worked with use `EAX`. But I have not worked with them "
	-"all yet."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Я знаю о одном системном вызове, который возвращает значение в `EDX`: "
	-"`SYS_fork`. Все остальные, с которыми я работал, используют `EAX`. Но я ещё "
	-"не работал со всеми из них."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:284
	-msgid ""
	-"If you cannot find the answer here or anywhere else, study libc source code "
	-"and see how it interfaces with the kernel."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если вы не можете найти ответ здесь или где-либо ещё, изучите исходный код "
	-"libc и посмотрите, как он взаимодействует с ядром."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:287
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Where Is `errno`?"
	-msgstr "Где находится `errno`?"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:290
	-msgid "Actually, nowhere..."
	-msgstr "Фактически, нигде..."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:293
	-msgid ""
	-"`errno` is part of the C language, not the UNIX(R) kernel. When accessing "
	-"kernel services directly, the error code is returned in `EAX`, the same "
	-"register the proper return value generally ends up in."
	-msgstr ""
	-"`errno` является частью языка C, а не ядра UNIX(R). При прямом доступе к "
	-"сервисам ядра код ошибки возвращается в регистре `EAX` — том же регистре, в "
	-"котором обычно оказывается корректное возвращаемое значение."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:297
	-msgid ""
	-"This makes perfect sense. If there is no error, there is no error code. If "
	-"there is an error, there is no return value. One register can contain "
	-"either."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это совершенно логично. Если нет ошибки, то нет и кода ошибки. Если есть "
	-"ошибка, то нет возвращаемого значения. Один регистр может содержать либо то, "
	-"либо другое."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:299
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Determining an Error Occurred"
	-msgstr "Определение возникновения ошибки"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:302
	-msgid ""
	-"When using the standard FreeBSD calling convention, the `carry flag` is "
	-"cleared upon success, set upon failure."
	-msgstr ""
	-"При использовании стандартного соглашения о вызовах FreeBSD флаг `carry "
	-"flag` сбрасывается при успехе и устанавливается при неудаче."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:305
	-msgid ""
	-"When using the Linux emulation mode, the signed value in `EAX` is non-"
	-"negative upon success, and contains the return value. In case of an error, "
	-"the value is negative, i.e., `-errno`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"При использовании режима эмуляции Linux знаковое значение в `EAX` "
	-"неотрицательно в случае успеха и содержит возвращаемое значение. В случае "
	-"ошибки значение отрицательное, т.е. `-errno`."
	-
	-#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:307
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Creating Portable Code"
	-msgstr "Создание переносимого кода"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:312
	-msgid ""
	-"Portability is generally not one of the strengths of assembly language. "
	-"Yet, writing assembly language programs for different platforms is possible, "
	-"especially with nasm. I have written assembly language libraries that can "
	-"be assembled for such different operating systems as Windows(R) and FreeBSD."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Портативность обычно не является сильной стороной языка ассемблера. Тем не "
	-"менее, написание программ на ассемблере для разных платформ возможно, "
	-"особенно с использованием nasm. Я создавал библиотеки на ассемблере, которые "
	-"можно было собрать для таких разных операционных систем, как Windows(R) и "
	-"FreeBSD."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:314
	-msgid ""
	-"It is all the more possible when you want your code to run on two platforms "
	-"which, while different, are based on similar architectures."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это становится ещё более возможным, когда вы хотите, чтобы ваш код работал "
	-"на двух платформах, которые, хотя и различны, основаны на схожих "
	-"архитектурах."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:318
	-msgid ""
	-"For example, FreeBSD is UNIX(R), Linux is UNIX(R) like. I only mentioned "
	-"three differences between them (from an assembly language programmer's "
	-"perspective): The calling convention, the function numbers, and the way of "
	-"returning values."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Например, FreeBSD — это UNIX(R), а Linux — UNIX(R)-подобная система. Я "
	-"упомянул лишь три различия между ними (с точки зрения программиста на "
	-"ассемблере): соглашение о вызовах, номера функций и способ возврата значений."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:320
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Dealing with Function Numbers"
	-msgstr "Работа с номерами функций"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:325
	-msgid ""
	-"In many cases the function numbers are the same. However, even when they "
	-"are not, the problem is easy to deal with: Instead of using numbers in your "
	-"code, use constants which you have declared differently depending on the "
	-"target architecture:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Во многих случаях номера функций совпадают. Однако, даже если это не так, "
	-"проблему легко решить: вместо использования чисел в коде применяйте "
	-"константы, объявленные по-разному в зависимости от целевой архитектуры:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:333
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"%ifdef\tLINUX\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_execve\t11\n"
	-"%else\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_execve\t59\n"
	-"%endif\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"%ifdef\tLINUX\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_execve\t11\n"
	-"%else\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_execve\t59\n"
	-"%endif\n"
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:336
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Dealing with Conventions"
	-msgstr "Работа с соглашениями"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:339
	-msgid ""
	-"Both, the calling convention, and the return value (the `errno` problem) can "
	-"be resolved with macros:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Оба, соглашение о вызовах и возвращаемое значение (проблема `errno`) могут "
	-"быть решены с помощью макросов:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:343
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "%ifdef\tLINUX\n"
	-msgstr "%ifdef\tLINUX\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:347
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"%macro\tsystem\t0\n"
	-"\tcall\tkernel\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"%macro\tsystem\t0\n"
	-"\tcall\tkernel\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:356
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"kernel:\n"
	-"\tpush\tebx\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tpush\tedx\n"
	-"\tpush\tesi\n"
	-"\tpush\tedi\n"
	-"\tpush\tebp\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"kernel:\n"
	-"\tpush\tebx\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tpush\tedx\n"
	-"\tpush\tesi\n"
	-"\tpush\tedi\n"
	-"\tpush\tebp\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:363
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tmov\tebx, [esp+32]\n"
	-"\tmov\tecx, [esp+36]\n"
	-"\tmov\tedx, [esp+40]\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, [esp+44]\n"
	-"\tmov\tebp, [esp+48]\n"
	-"\tint\t80h\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tmov\tebx, [esp+32]\n"
	-"\tmov\tecx, [esp+36]\n"
	-"\tmov\tedx, [esp+40]\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, [esp+44]\n"
	-"\tmov\tebp, [esp+48]\n"
	-"\tint\t80h\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:370
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tpop\tebp\n"
	-"\tpop\tedi\n"
	-"\tpop\tesi\n"
	-"\tpop\tedx\n"
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tpop\tebx\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tpop\tebp\n"
	-"\tpop\tedi\n"
	-"\tpop\tesi\n"
	-"\tpop\tedx\n"
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tpop\tebx\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:375
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tor\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tjs\t.errno\n"
	-"\tclc\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tor\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tjs\t.errno\n"
	-"\tclc\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:380
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".errno:\n"
	-"\tneg\teax\n"
	-"\tstc\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".errno:\n"
	-"\tneg\teax\n"
	-"\tstc\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:382
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "%else\n"
	-msgstr "%else\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:386
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"%macro\tsystem\t0\n"
	-"\tint\t80h\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"%macro\tsystem\t0\n"
	-"\tint\t80h\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:388
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "%endif\n"
	-msgstr "%endif\n"
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:391
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Dealing with Other Portability Issues"
	-msgstr "Устранение прочих проблем с переносимостью"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:395
	-msgid ""
	-"The above solutions can handle most cases of writing code portable between "
	-"FreeBSD and Linux. Nevertheless, with some kernel services the differences "
	-"are deeper."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Приведённые выше решения могут помочь в большинстве случаев написания кода, "
	-"переносимого между FreeBSD и Linux. Тем не менее, с некоторыми сервисами "
	-"ядра различия более глубокие."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:398
	-msgid ""
	-"In that case, you need to write two different handlers for those particular "
	-"system calls, and use conditional assembly. Luckily, most of your code does "
	-"something other than calling the kernel, so usually you will only need a few "
	-"such conditional sections in your code."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В таком случае необходимо написать два разных обработчика для этих "
	-"конкретных системных вызовов и использовать условную компиляцию. К счастью, "
	-"большая часть вашего кода выполняет действия, отличные от вызовов ядра, "
	-"поэтому обычно потребуется лишь несколько таких условных секций в коде."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:400
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Using a Library"
	-msgstr "Использование библиотеки"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:404
	-msgid ""
	-"You can avoid portability issues in your main code altogether by writing a "
	-"library of system calls. Create a separate library for FreeBSD, a different "
	-"one for Linux, and yet other libraries for more operating systems."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Вы можете полностью избежать проблем с переносимостью в основном коде, "
	-"написав библиотеку системных вызовов. Создайте отдельную библиотеку для "
	-"FreeBSD, другую для Linux и ещё другие библиотеки для дополнительных "
	-"операционных систем."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:409
	-msgid ""
	-"In your library, write a separate function (or procedure, if you prefer the "
	-"traditional assembly language terminology) for each system call. Use the C "
	-"calling convention of passing parameters. But still use `EAX` to pass the "
	-"call number in. In that case, your FreeBSD library can be very simple, as "
	-"many seemingly different functions can be just labels to the same code:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"В вашей библиотеке напишите отдельную функцию (или процедуру, если вы "
	-"предпочитаете традиционную терминологию ассемблера) для каждого системного "
	-"вызова. Используйте соглашение о вызовах C для передачи параметров. Однако "
	-"по-прежнему передавайте номер вызова через `EAX`. В таком случае ваша "
	-"библиотека FreeBSD может быть очень простой, так как множество внешне "
	-"различных функций могут быть просто метками одного и того же кода:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:417
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"sys.open:\n"
	-"sys.close:\n"
	-"[etc...]\n"
	-"\tint\t80h\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"sys.open:\n"
	-"sys.close:\n"
	-"[etc...]\n"
	-"\tint\t80h\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:421
	-msgid ""
	-"Your Linux library will require more different functions. But even here you "
	-"can group system calls using the same number of parameters:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Ваша библиотека Linux потребует больше различных функций. Но даже здесь вы "
	-"можете группировать системные вызовы, используя одинаковое количество "
	-"параметров:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:432
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"sys.exit:\n"
	-"sys.close:\n"
	-"[etc... one-parameter functions]\n"
	-"\tpush\tebx\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, [esp+12]\n"
	-"\tint\t80h\n"
	-"\tpop\tebx\n"
	-"\tjmp\tsys.return\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"sys.exit:\n"
	-"sys.close:\n"
	-"[etc... one-parameter functions]\n"
	-"\tpush\tebx\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, [esp+12]\n"
	-"\tint\t80h\n"
	-"\tpop\tebx\n"
	-"\tjmp\tsys.return\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:434
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "...\n"
	-msgstr "...\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:440
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"sys.return:\n"
	-"\tor\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tjs\tsys.err\n"
	-"\tclc\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"sys.return:\n"
	-"\tor\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tjs\tsys.err\n"
	-"\tclc\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:445
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"sys.err:\n"
	-"\tneg\teax\n"
	-"\tstc\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"sys.err:\n"
	-"\tneg\teax\n"
	-"\tstc\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:452
	-msgid ""
	-"The library approach may seem inconvenient at first because it requires you "
	-"to produce a separate file your code depends on. But it has many "
	-"advantages: For one, you only need to write it once and can use it for all "
	-"your programs. You can even let other assembly language programmers use it, "
	-"or perhaps use one written by someone else. But perhaps the greatest "
	-"advantage of the library is that your code can be ported to other systems, "
	-"even by other programmers, by simply writing a new library without any "
	-"changes to your code."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Подход с использованием библиотек может показаться неудобным на первый "
	-"взгляд, так как требует создания отдельного файла, от которого зависит ваш "
	-"код. Однако у него есть множество преимуществ: во-первых, вам нужно написать "
	-"его лишь один раз, и затем вы можете использовать его во всех своих "
	-"программах. Вы даже можете позволить другим программистам на ассемблере "
	-"использовать его или, возможно, воспользоваться библиотекой, написанной кем-"
	-"то другим. Но, пожалуй, самое большое преимущество библиотеки заключается в "
	-"том, что ваш код может быть перенесён на другие системы, даже другими "
	-"программистами, просто путём написания новой библиотеки без каких-либо "
	-"изменений в вашем коде."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:454
	-msgid ""
	-"If you do not like the idea of having a library, you can at least place all "
	-"your system calls in a separate assembly language file and link it with your "
	-"main program. Here, again, all porters have to do is create a new object "
	-"file to link with your main program."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если вам не нравится идея использования библиотеки, вы можете хотя бы "
	-"разместить все системные вызовы в отдельном файле на ассемблере и "
	-"скомпоновать его с основной программой. Здесь, опять же, все, что нужно "
	-"сделать переносчикам, — это создать новый объектный файл для компоновки с "
	-"основной программой."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:456
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Using an Include File"
	-msgstr "Использование включаемого файла"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:459
	-msgid ""
	-"If you are releasing your software as (or with) source code, you can use "
	-"macros and place them in a separate file, which you include in your code."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если вы выпускаете своё программное обеспечение в виде исходного кода (или "
	-"вместе с ним), вы можете использовать макросы и размещать их в отдельном "
	-"файле, который включается в ваш код."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:462
	-msgid ""
	-"Porters of your software will simply write a new include file. No library "
	-"or external object file is necessary, yet your code is portable without any "
	-"need to edit the code."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Портеры вашего программного обеспечения просто напишут новый include-файл. "
	-"Никакая библиотека или внешний объектный файл не требуются, и ваш код "
	-"остаётся переносимым без необходимости редактирования."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:467
	-msgid ""
	-"This is the approach we will use throughout this chapter. We will name our "
	-"include file [.filename]#system.inc#, and add to it whenever we deal with a "
	-"new system call."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это подход, который мы будем использовать на протяжении всей главы. Мы "
	-"назовем наш включаемый файл [.filename]#system.inc# и будем добавлять в него "
	-"новые системные вызовы по мере их рассмотрения."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:470
	-msgid ""
	-"We can start our [.filename]#system.inc# by declaring the standard file "
	-"descriptors:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы можем начать наш [.filename]#system.inc# с объявления стандартных "
	-"файловых дескрипторов:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:476
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"%define\tstdin\t0\n"
	-"%define\tstdout\t1\n"
	-"%define\tstderr\t2\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"%define\tstdin\t0\n"
	-"%define\tstdout\t1\n"
	-"%define\tstderr\t2\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:479
	-msgid "Next, we create a symbolic name for each system call:"
	-msgstr "Далее мы создаем символическое имя для каждого системного вызова:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:488
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"%define\tSYS_nosys\t0\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_exit\t1\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_fork\t2\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_read\t3\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_write\t4\n"
	-"; [etc...]\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"%define\tSYS_nosys\t0\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_exit\t1\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_fork\t2\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_read\t3\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_write\t4\n"
	-"; [etc...]\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:491
	-msgid ""
	-"We add a short, non-global procedure with a long name, so we do not "
	-"accidentally reuse the name in our code:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Добавляем короткую, неглобальную процедуру с длинным именем, чтобы случайно "
	-"не использовать это имя в нашем коде:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:499
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"section\t.text\n"
	-"align 4\n"
	-"access.the.bsd.kernel:\n"
	-"\tint\t80h\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"section\t.text\n"
	-"align 4\n"
	-"access.the.bsd.kernel:\n"
	-"\tint\t80h\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:502
	-msgid "We create a macro which takes one argument, the syscall number:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы создаем макрос, который принимает один аргумент — номер системного вызова:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:509
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"%macro\tsystem\t1\n"
	-"\tmov\teax, %1\n"
	-"\tcall\taccess.the.bsd.kernel\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"%macro\tsystem\t1\n"
	-"\tmov\teax, %1\n"
	-"\tcall\taccess.the.bsd.kernel\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:513
	-msgid ""
	-"Finally, we create macros for each syscall. These macros take no arguments."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Наконец, мы создаем макросы для каждого системного вызова. Эти макросы не "
	-"принимают аргументов."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:519
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"%macro\tsys.exit\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_exit\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"%macro\tsys.exit\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_exit\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:523
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"%macro\tsys.fork\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_fork\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"%macro\tsys.fork\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_fork\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:527
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"%macro\tsys.read\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_read\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"%macro\tsys.read\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_read\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:531
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"%macro\tsys.write\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_write\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"%macro\tsys.write\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_write\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:533
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "; [etc...]\n"
	-msgstr "; [etc...]\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:537
	-msgid ""
	-"Go ahead, enter it into your editor and save it as [.filename]#system.inc#. "
	-"We will add more to it as we discuss more syscalls."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Продолжайте, введите это в ваш редактор и сохраните как [.filename]#system."
	-"inc#. Мы добавим больше по мере обсуждения дополнительных системных вызовов."
	-
	-#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:539
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Our First Program"
	-msgstr "Наша первая программа"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:542
	-msgid "We are now ready for our first program, the mandatory Hello, World!"
	-msgstr "Мы готовы к нашей первой обязательной программе — Hello, World!"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:546
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "\t%include\t'system.inc'\n"
	-msgstr "\t%include\t'system.inc'\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:550
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tsection\t.data\n"
	-"\thello\tdb\t'Hello, World!', 0Ah\n"
	-"\thbytes\tequ\t$-hello\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tsection\t.data\n"
	-"\thello\tdb\t'Hello, World!', 0Ah\n"
	-"\thbytes\tequ\t$-hello\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:558
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tsection\t.text\n"
	-"\tglobal\t_start\n"
	-"_start:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword hbytes\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword hello\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tsection\t.text\n"
	-"\tglobal\t_start\n"
	-"_start:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword hbytes\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword hello\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:561
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tpush\tdword 0\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tpush\tdword 0\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:564
	-msgid ""
	-"Here is what it does: Line 1 includes the defines, the macros, and the code "
	-"from [.filename]#system.inc#."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Вот что он делает: Строка 1 включает определения, макросы и код из файла [."
	-"filename]#system.inc#."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:568
	-msgid ""
	-"Lines 3-5 are the data: Line 3 starts the data section/segment. Line 4 "
	-"contains the string \"Hello, World!\" followed by a new line (`0Ah`). Line "
	-"5 creates a constant that contains the length of the string from line 4 in "
	-"bytes."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Строки 3-5 содержат данные: строка 3 начинает раздел/сегмент данных. Строка "
	-"4 содержит строку \"Hello, World!\", за которой следует новая строка "
	-"(`0Ah`). Строка 5 создает константу, содержащую длину строки из строки 4 в "
	-"байтах."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:572
	-msgid ""
	-"Lines 7-16 contain the code. Note that FreeBSD uses the _elf_ file format "
	-"for its executables, which requires every program to start at the point "
	-"labeled `_start` (or, more precisely, the linker expects that). This label "
	-"has to be global."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Строки 7-16 содержат код. Обратите внимание, что FreeBSD использует формат "
	-"файлов _elf_ для исполняемых файлов, который требует, чтобы каждая программа "
	-"запускается с адреса, помеченного как `_start` (или, точнее, компоновщик "
	-"ожидает этого). Эта метка должна быть глобальной."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:574
	-msgid ""
	-"Lines 10-13 ask the system to write `hbytes` bytes of the `hello` string to "
	-"`stdout`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Строки 10-13 указывают системе записать `hbytes` байтов строки `hello` в "
	-"`stdout`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:577
	-msgid ""
	-"Lines 15-16 ask the system to end the program with the return value of `0`. "
	-"The `SYS_exit` syscall never returns, so the code ends there."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Строки 15-16 указывают системе завершить программу с возвращаемым значением "
	-"`0`. Системный вызов `SYS_exit` никогда не возвращает управление, поэтому "
	-"код завершается в этой точке."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:585
	-msgid ""
	-"If you have come to UNIX(R) from MS-DOS(R) assembly language background, you "
	-"may be used to writing directly to the video hardware. You will never have "
	-"to worry about this in FreeBSD, or any other flavor of UNIX(R). As far as "
	-"you are concerned, you are writing to a file known as [.filename]#stdout#. "
	-"This can be the video screen, or a telnet terminal, or an actual file, or "
	-"even the input of another program. Which one it is, is for the system to "
	-"figure out."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если вы перешли на UNIX(R) с опытом программирования на ассемблере для MS-"
	-"DOS(R), вы, возможно, привыкли писать напрямую в видеопамять. В FreeBSD или "
	-"любой другой разновидности UNIX(R) вам не придётся об этом беспокоиться. С "
	-"вашей точки зрения, вы записываете данные в файл под названием [."
	-"filename]#stdout#. Это может быть экран, терминал telnet, обычный файл или "
	-"даже входные данные другой программы. Определять, что именно это будет, — "
	-"задача системы."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:588
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Assembling the Code"
	-msgstr "Ассемблирование кода"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:592
	-msgid ""
	-"Type the code in an editor, and save it in a file named [.filename]#hello."
	-"asm#. You need nasm to assemble it."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Наберите код в редакторе и сохраните его в файле с именем [.filename]#hello."
	-"asm#. Для сборки вам понадобится nasm."
	-
	-#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:594
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Installing nasm"
	-msgstr "Установка nasm"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:597
	-msgid "If you do not have nasm, type:"
	-msgstr "Если у вас нет nasm, введите:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:606
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"% su\n"
	-"Password:your root password\n"
	-"# cd /usr/ports/devel/nasm\n"
	-"# make install\n"
	-"# exit\n"
	-"%\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"% su\n"
	-"Password:your root password\n"
	-"# cd /usr/ports/devel/nasm\n"
	-"# make install\n"
	-"# exit\n"
	-"%\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:609
	-msgid ""
	-"You may type `make install clean` instead of just `make install` if you do "
	-"not want to keep nasm source code."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Вы можете ввести `make install clean` вместо просто `make install`, если не "
	-"хотите сохранять исходный код nasm."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:611
	-msgid ""
	-"Either way, FreeBSD will automatically download nasm from the Internet, "
	-"compile it, and install it on your system."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В любом случае FreeBSD автоматически загрузит nasm из интернета, "
	-"скомпилирует его и установит в вашу систему."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:616
	-msgid ""
	-"If your system is not FreeBSD, you need to get nasm from its https://"
	-"sourceforge.net/projects/nasm[home page]. You can still use it to assemble "
	-"FreeBSD code."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если ваша система не FreeBSD, вам нужно получить nasm с его https://"
	-"sourceforge.net/projects/nasm[домашней страницы]. Вы по-прежнему можете "
	-"использовать его для ассемблирования кода FreeBSD."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:619
	-msgid "Now you can assemble, link, and run the code:"
	-msgstr "Теперь вы можете собрать, скомпоновать и запустить код:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:627
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"% nasm -f elf hello.asm\n"
	-"% ld -s -o hello hello.o\n"
	-"% ./hello\n"
	-"Hello, World!\n"
	-"%\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"% nasm -f elf hello.asm\n"
	-"% ld -s -o hello hello.o\n"
	-"% ./hello\n"
	-"Hello, World!\n"
	-"%\n"
	-
	-#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:630
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Writing UNIX(R) Filters"
	-msgstr "Написание фильтров UNIX(R)"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:633
	-msgid ""
	-"A common type of UNIX(R) application is a filter-a program that reads data "
	-"from the [.filename]#stdin#, processes it somehow, then writes the result to "
	-"[.filename]#stdout#."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Распространённым типом приложений в UNIX(R) являются фильтры — программы, "
	-"которые читают данные из [.filename]#stdin#, обрабатывают их определённым "
	-"образом, а затем записывают результат в [.filename]#stdout#."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:636
	-msgid ""
	-"In this chapter, we shall develop a simple filter, and learn how to read "
	-"from [.filename]#stdin# and write to [.filename]#stdout#. This filter will "
	-"convert each byte of its input into a hexadecimal number followed by a blank "
	-"space."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В этой главе мы разработаем простой фильтр и научимся читать из [."
	-"filename]#stdin# и писать в [.filename]#stdout#. Этот фильтр будет "
	-"преобразовывать каждый байт входных данных в шестнадцатеричное число, за "
	-"которым следует пробел."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:640
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:734
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:824
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:952
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1219
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2337
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3335
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "%include\t'system.inc'\n"
	-msgstr "%include\t'system.inc'\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:644
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:738
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"section\t.data\n"
	-"hex\tdb\t'0123456789ABCDEF'\n"
	-"buffer\tdb\t0, 0, ' '\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"section\t.data\n"
	-"hex\tdb\t'0123456789ABCDEF'\n"
	-"buffer\tdb\t0, 0, ' '\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:656
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"section\t.text\n"
	-"global\t_start\n"
	-"_start:\n"
	-"\t; read a byte from stdin\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 1\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword buffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdin\n"
	-"\tsys.read\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tor\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tje\t.done\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"section\t.text\n"
	-"global\t_start\n"
	-"_start:\n"
	-"\t; read a byte from stdin\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 1\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword buffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdin\n"
	-"\tsys.read\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tor\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tje\t.done\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:666
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; convert it to hex\n"
	-"\tmovzx\teax, byte [buffer]\n"
	-"\tmov\tedx, eax\n"
	-"\tshr\tdl, 4\n"
	-"\tmov\tdl, [hex+edx]\n"
	-"\tmov\t[buffer], dl\n"
	-"\tand\tal, 0Fh\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, [hex+eax]\n"
	-"\tmov\t[buffer+1], al\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; convert it to hex\n"
	-"\tmovzx\teax, byte [buffer]\n"
	-"\tmov\tedx, eax\n"
	-"\tshr\tdl, 4\n"
	-"\tmov\tdl, [hex+edx]\n"
	-"\tmov\t[buffer], dl\n"
	-"\tand\tal, 0Fh\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, [hex+eax]\n"
	-"\tmov\t[buffer+1], al\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:674
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; print it\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 3\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword buffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort _start\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; print it\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 3\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword buffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort _start\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:678
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:781
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".done:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".done:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:686
	-msgid ""
	-"In the data section we create an array called `hex`. It contains the 16 "
	-"hexadecimal digits in ascending order. The array is followed by a buffer "
	-"which we will use for both input and output. The first two bytes of the "
	-"buffer are initially set to `0`. This is where we will write the two "
	-"hexadecimal digits (the first byte also is where we will read the input). "
	-"The third byte is a space."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В разделе данных мы создаем массив с именем `hex`. Он содержит 16 "
	-"шестнадцатеричных цифр в порядке возрастания. За массивом следует буфер, "
	-"который мы будем использовать как для ввода, так и для вывода. Первые два "
	-"байта буфера изначально установлены в `0`. Именно сюда мы будем записывать "
	-"две шестнадцатеричные цифры (первый байт также является местом, откуда мы "
	-"будем считывать ввод). Третий байт — это пробел."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:688
	-msgid ""
	-"The code section consists of four parts: Reading the byte, converting it to "
	-"a hexadecimal number, writing the result, and eventually exiting the program."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Фрагмент кода состоит из четырёх частей: чтение байта, преобразование его в "
	-"шестнадцатеричное число, запись результата и завершение программы."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:694
	-msgid ""
	-"To read the byte, we ask the system to read one byte from [."
	-"filename]#stdin#, and store it in the first byte of the `buffer`. The "
	-"system returns the number of bytes read in `EAX`. This will be `1` while "
	-"data is coming, or `0`, when no more input data is available. Therefore, we "
	-"check the value of `EAX`. If it is `0`, we jump to `.done`, otherwise we "
	-"continue."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Для чтения байта мы просим систему прочитать один байт из [.filename]#stdin# "
	-"и сохранить его в первом байте `buffer`. Система возвращает количество "
	-"прочитанных байтов в `EAX`. Это значение будет `1`, пока поступают данные, "
	-"или `0`, если больше нет доступных входных данных. Поэтому мы проверяем "
	-"значение `EAX`. Если оно равно `0`, мы переходим к метке `.done`, в "
	-"противном случае продолжаем выполнение."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:698
	-msgid ""
	-"For simplicity sake, we are ignoring the possibility of an error condition "
	-"at this time."
	-msgstr "Для простоты мы пока игнорируем возможность возникновения ошибки."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:703
	-msgid ""
	-"The hexadecimal conversion reads the byte from the `buffer` into `EAX`, or "
	-"actually just `AL`, while clearing the remaining bits of `EAX` to zeros. We "
	-"also copy the byte to `EDX` because we need to convert the upper four bits "
	-"(nibble) separately from the lower four bits. We store the result in the "
	-"first two bytes of the buffer."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Шестнадцатеричное преобразование считывает байт из `buffer` в `EAX`, а "
	-"точнее только в `AL`, обнуляя остальные биты `EAX`. Мы также копируем байт в "
	-"`EDX`, потому что нам нужно преобразовать верхние четыре бита (ниббл) "
	-"отдельно от нижних четырёх битов. Результат сохраняется в первых двух байтах "
	-"буфера."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:706
	-msgid ""
	-"Next, we ask the system to write the three bytes of the buffer, i.e., the "
	-"two hexadecimal digits and the blank space, to [.filename]#stdout#. We then "
	-"jump back to the beginning of the program and process the next byte."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Далее мы просим систему записать три байта буфера, то есть две "
	-"шестнадцатеричные цифры и пробел, в [.filename]#stdout#. Затем мы "
	-"возвращаемся к началу программы и обрабатываем следующий байт."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:708
	-msgid ""
	-"Once there is no more input left, we ask the system to exit our program, "
	-"returning a zero, which is the traditional value meaning the program was "
	-"successful."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Когда ввод больше не остаётся, мы просим систему завершить нашу программу, "
	-"возвращая ноль, что традиционно означает успешное выполнение программы."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:710
	-msgid ""
	-"Go ahead, and save the code in a file named [.filename]#hex.asm#, then type "
	-"the following (the `^D` means press the control key and type `D` while "
	-"holding the control key down):"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Продолжайте и сохраните код в файле с именем [.filename]#hex.asm#, затем "
	-"введите следующее (символ `^D` означает, что нужно нажать клавишу управления "
	-"и, удерживая её, ввести `D`):"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:719
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"% nasm -f elf hex.asm\n"
	-"% ld -s -o hex hex.o\n"
	-"% ./hex\n"
	-"Hello, World!\n"
	-"48 65 6C 6C 6F 2C 20 57 6F 72 6C 64 21 0A Here I come!\n"
	-"48 65 72 65 20 49 20 63 6F 6D 65 21 0A ^D %\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"% nasm -f elf hex.asm\n"
	-"% ld -s -o hex hex.o\n"
	-"% ./hex\n"
	-"Hello, World!\n"
	-"48 65 6C 6C 6F 2C 20 57 6F 72 6C 64 21 0A Here I come!\n"
	-"48 65 72 65 20 49 20 63 6F 6D 65 21 0A ^D %\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:725
	-msgid ""
	-"If you are migrating to UNIX(R) from MS-DOS(R), you may be wondering why "
	-"each line ends with `0A` instead of `0D 0A`. This is because UNIX(R) does "
	-"not use the cr/lf convention, but a \"new line\" convention, which is `0A` "
	-"in hexadecimal."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если вы переходите на UNIX(R) с MS-DOS(R), вам может быть интересно, почему "
	-"каждая строка заканчивается на `0A` вместо `0D 0A`. Это связано с тем, что "
	-"UNIX(R) не использует соглашение cr/lf, а использует соглашение \"новая "
	-"строка\", которое в шестнадцатеричном виде представлено как `0A`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:730
	-msgid ""
	-"Can we improve this? Well, for one, it is a bit confusing because once we "
	-"have converted a line of text, our input no longer starts at the beginning "
	-"of the line. We can modify it to print a new line instead of a space after "
	-"each `0A`:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Можем ли мы это улучшить? Что ж, во-первых, это немного запутанно, потому "
	-"что после преобразования строки текста наш ввод больше не начинается с "
	-"начала строки. Мы можем изменить это, чтобы после каждого `0A` выводилась "
	-"новая строка вместо пробела:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:743
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"section\t.text\n"
	-"global\t_start\n"
	-"_start:\n"
	-"\tmov\tcl, ' '\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"section\t.text\n"
	-"global\t_start\n"
	-"_start:\n"
	-"\tmov\tcl, ' '\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:753
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".loop:\n"
	-"\t; read a byte from stdin\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 1\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword buffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdin\n"
	-"\tsys.read\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tor\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tje\t.done\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".loop:\n"
	-"\t; read a byte from stdin\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 1\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword buffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdin\n"
	-"\tsys.read\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tor\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tje\t.done\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:760
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; convert it to hex\n"
	-"\tmovzx\teax, byte [buffer]\n"
	-"\tmov\t[buffer+2], cl\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tjne\t.hex\n"
	-"\tmov\t[buffer+2], al\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; convert it to hex\n"
	-"\tmovzx\teax, byte [buffer]\n"
	-"\tmov\t[buffer+2], cl\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tjne\t.hex\n"
	-"\tmov\t[buffer+2], al\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:769
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".hex:\n"
	-"\tmov\tedx, eax\n"
	-"\tshr\tdl, 4\n"
	-"\tmov\tdl, [hex+edx]\n"
	-"\tmov\t[buffer], dl\n"
	-"\tand\tal, 0Fh\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, [hex+eax]\n"
	-"\tmov\t[buffer+1], al\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".hex:\n"
	-"\tmov\tedx, eax\n"
	-"\tshr\tdl, 4\n"
	-"\tmov\tdl, [hex+edx]\n"
	-"\tmov\t[buffer], dl\n"
	-"\tand\tal, 0Fh\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, [hex+eax]\n"
	-"\tmov\t[buffer+1], al\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:777
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; print it\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 3\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword buffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .loop\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; print it\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 3\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword buffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .loop\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:785
	-msgid ""
	-"We have stored the space in the `CL` register. We can do this safely "
	-"because, unlike Microsoft(R) Windows(R), UNIX(R) system calls do not modify "
	-"the value of any register they do not use to return a value in."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы сохранили пробел в регистре `CL`. Это безопасно, потому что, в отличие от "
	-"Microsoft(R) Windows(R), вызовы системы UNIX(R) не изменяют значение "
	-"регистров, которые не используются для возврата значения."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:789
	-msgid ""
	-"That means we only need to set `CL` once. We have, therefore, added a new "
	-"label `.loop` and jump to it for the next byte instead of jumping at "
	-"`_start`. We have also added the `.hex` label so we can either have a blank "
	-"space or a new line as the third byte of the `buffer`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это означает, что нам нужно установить `CL` только один раз. Поэтому мы "
	-"добавили новую метку `.loop` и переходим к ней для следующего байта вместо "
	-"перехода к `_start`. Мы также добавили метку `.hex`, чтобы третий байт "
	-"`buffer` мог быть либо пробелом, либо новой строкой."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:791
	-msgid ""
	-"Once you have changed [.filename]#hex.asm# to reflect these changes, type:"
	-msgstr "После внесения изменений в файл [.filename]#hex.asm# введите:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:802
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1061
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"% nasm -f elf hex.asm\n"
	-"% ld -s -o hex hex.o\n"
	-"% ./hex\n"
	-"Hello, World!\n"
	-"48 65 6C 6C 6F 2C 20 57 6F 72 6C 64 21 0A\n"
	-"Here I come!\n"
	-"48 65 72 65 20 49 20 63 6F 6D 65 21 0A\n"
	-"^D %\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"% nasm -f elf hex.asm\n"
	-"% ld -s -o hex hex.o\n"
	-"% ./hex\n"
	-"Hello, World!\n"
	-"48 65 6C 6C 6F 2C 20 57 6F 72 6C 64 21 0A\n"
	-"Here I come!\n"
	-"48 65 72 65 20 49 20 63 6F 6D 65 21 0A\n"
	-"^D %\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:806
	-msgid ""
	-"That looks better. But this code is quite inefficient! We are making a "
	-"system call for every single byte twice (once to read it, another time to "
	-"write the output)."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Выглядит лучше. Но этот код довольно неэффективен! Мы выполняем системный "
	-"вызов для каждого отдельного байта дважды (один раз для чтения и ещё один "
	-"для записи вывода)."
	-
	-#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:808
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Buffered Input and Output"
	-msgstr "Буферизованный ввод и вывод"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:813
	-msgid ""
	-"We can improve the efficiency of our code by buffering our input and "
	-"output. We create an input buffer and read a whole sequence of bytes at one "
	-"time. Then we fetch them one by one from the buffer."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы можем повысить эффективность нашего кода, буферизуя ввод и вывод. Мы "
	-"создаём входной буфер и читаем сразу целую последовательность байтов. Затем "
	-"мы извлекаем их по одному из буфера."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:816
	-msgid ""
	-"We also create an output buffer. We store our output in it until it is "
	-"full. At that time we ask the kernel to write the contents of the buffer to "
	-"[.filename]#stdout#."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы также создаем выходной буфер. Мы сохраняем наш вывод в нём, пока он не "
	-"заполнится. В этот момент мы просим ядро записать содержимое буфера в [."
	-"filename]#stdout#."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:820
	-msgid ""
	-"The program ends when there is no more input. But we still need to ask the "
	-"kernel to write the contents of our output buffer to [.filename]#stdout# one "
	-"last time, otherwise some of our output would make it to the output buffer, "
	-"but never be sent out. Do not forget that, or you will be wondering why "
	-"some of your output is missing."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Программа завершается, когда больше нет входных данных. Но нам всё ещё нужно "
	-"попросить ядро записать содержимое нашего выходного буфера в [."
	-"filename]#stdout# в последний раз, иначе часть нашего вывода попадёт в "
	-"буфер, но так и не будет отправлена. Не забудьте об этом, иначе будете "
	-"недоумевать, куда пропала часть вывода."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:826
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:954
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1221
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2339
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3337
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "%define\tBUFSIZE\t2048\n"
	-msgstr "%define\tBUFSIZE\t2048\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:829
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:957
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"section\t.data\n"
	-"hex\tdb\t'0123456789ABCDEF'\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"section\t.data\n"
	-"hex\tdb\t'0123456789ABCDEF'\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:833
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:961
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1230
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2353
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"section .bss\n"
	-"ibuffer\tresb\tBUFSIZE\n"
	-"obuffer\tresb\tBUFSIZE\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"section .bss\n"
	-"ibuffer\tresb\tBUFSIZE\n"
	-"obuffer\tresb\tBUFSIZE\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:841
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:969
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"section\t.text\n"
	-"global\t_start\n"
	-"_start:\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tsub\tebx, ebx\n"
	-"\tsub\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tmov\tedi, obuffer\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"section\t.text\n"
	-"global\t_start\n"
	-"_start:\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tsub\tebx, ebx\n"
	-"\tsub\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tmov\tedi, obuffer\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:845
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:973
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2501
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".loop:\n"
	-"\t; read a byte from stdin\n"
	-"\tcall\tgetchar\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".loop:\n"
	-"\t; read a byte from stdin\n"
	-"\tcall\tgetchar\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:851
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:979
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1283
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; convert it to hex\n"
	-"\tmov\tdl, al\n"
	-"\tshr\tal, 4\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, [hex+eax]\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; convert it to hex\n"
	-"\tmov\tdl, al\n"
	-"\tshr\tal, 4\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, [hex+eax]\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:856
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:984
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1288
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tmov\tal, dl\n"
	-"\tand\tal, 0Fh\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, [hex+eax]\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tmov\tal, dl\n"
	-"\tand\tal, 0Fh\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, [hex+eax]\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:861
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:989
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1293
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tmov\tal, ' '\n"
	-"\tcmp\tdl, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tjne\t.put\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, dl\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tmov\tal, ' '\n"
	-"\tcmp\tdl, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tjne\t.put\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, dl\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:865
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2512
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".put:\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .loop\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".put:\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .loop\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:870
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1001
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1305
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2534
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3848
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"getchar:\n"
	-"\tor\tebx, ebx\n"
	-"\tjne\t.fetch\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"getchar:\n"
	-"\tor\tebx, ebx\n"
	-"\tjne\t.fetch\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:872
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1003
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1307
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2536
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3850
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "\tcall\tread\n"
	-msgstr "\tcall\tread\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:877
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1008
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1312
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2541
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".fetch:\n"
	-"\tlodsb\n"
	-"\tdec\tebx\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".fetch:\n"
	-"\tlodsb\n"
	-"\tdec\tebx\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:890
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1021
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"read:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword BUFSIZE\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, ibuffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tesi\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdin\n"
	-"\tsys.read\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, eax\n"
	-"\tor\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tje\t.done\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"read:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword BUFSIZE\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, ibuffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tesi\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdin\n"
	-"\tsys.read\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, eax\n"
	-"\tor\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tje\t.done\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:896
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1027
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".done:\n"
	-"\tcall\twrite\t\t; flush output buffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".done:\n"
	-"\tcall\twrite\t\t; flush output buffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:904
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1035
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1348
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2581
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3887
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"putchar:\n"
	-"\tstosb\n"
	-"\tinc\tecx\n"
	-"\tcmp\tecx, BUFSIZE\n"
	-"\tje\twrite\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"putchar:\n"
	-"\tstosb\n"
	-"\tinc\tecx\n"
	-"\tcmp\tecx, BUFSIZE\n"
	-"\tje\twrite\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:916
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1047
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"write:\n"
	-"\tsub\tedi, ecx\t; start of buffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tpush\tedi\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tsub\tecx, ecx\t; buffer is empty now\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"write:\n"
	-"\tsub\tedi, ecx\t; start of buffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tpush\tedi\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tsub\tecx, ecx\t; buffer is empty now\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:922
	-msgid ""
	-"We now have a third section in the source code, named `.bss`. This section "
	-"is not included in our executable file, and, therefore, cannot be "
	-"initialized. We use `resb` instead of `db`. It simply reserves the "
	-"requested size of uninitialized memory for our use."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Теперь у нас есть третий раздел в исходном коде с именем `.bss`. Этот раздел "
	-"не включается в исполняемый файл и, следовательно, не может быть "
	-"инициализирован. Мы используем `resb` вместо `db`. Это просто резервирует "
	-"запрошенный размер неинициализированной памяти для нашего использования."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:926
	-msgid ""
	-"We take advantage of the fact that the system does not modify the registers: "
	-"We use registers for what, otherwise, would have to be global variables "
	-"stored in the `.data` section. This is also why the UNIX(R) convention of "
	-"passing parameters to system calls on the stack is superior to the Microsoft "
	-"convention of passing them in the registers: We can keep the registers for "
	-"our own use."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы используем тот факт, что система не изменяет регистры: мы используем "
	-"регистры для того, что в противном случае пришлось бы хранить в глобальных "
	-"переменных в секции `.data`. Именно поэтому соглашение UNIX(R) о передаче "
	-"параметров системных вызовов через стек превосходит соглашение Microsoft о "
	-"передаче их в регистрах: мы можем оставить регистры для собственного "
	-"использования."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:930
	-msgid ""
	-"We use `EDI` and `ESI` as pointers to the next byte to be read from or "
	-"written to. We use `EBX` and `ECX` to keep count of the number of bytes in "
	-"the two buffers, so we know when to dump the output to, or read more input "
	-"from, the system."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы используем `EDI` и `ESI` как указатели на следующий байт для чтения или "
	-"записи. Мы используем `EBX` и `ECX` для отслеживания количества байтов в "
	-"двух буферах, чтобы знать, когда нужно вывести данные в систему или считать "
	-"новые данные из системы."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:932
	-msgid "Let us see how it works now:"
	-msgstr "Давайте посмотрим, как это работает сейчас:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:943
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"% nasm -f elf hex.asm\n"
	-"% ld -s -o hex hex.o\n"
	-"% ./hex\n"
	-"Hello, World!\n"
	-"Here I come!\n"
	-"48 65 6C 6C 6F 2C 20 57 6F 72 6C 64 21 0A\n"
	-"48 65 72 65 20 49 20 63 6F 6D 65 21 0A\n"
	-"^D %\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"% nasm -f elf hex.asm\n"
	-"% ld -s -o hex hex.o\n"
	-"% ./hex\n"
	-"Hello, World!\n"
	-"Here I come!\n"
	-"48 65 6C 6C 6F 2C 20 57 6F 72 6C 64 21 0A\n"
	-"48 65 72 65 20 49 20 63 6F 6D 65 21 0A\n"
	-"^D %\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:948
	-msgid ""
	-"Not what you expected? The program did not print the output until we pressed "
	-"`^D`. That is easy to fix by inserting three lines of code to write the "
	-"output every time we have converted a new line to `0A`. I have marked the "
	-"three lines with > (do not copy the > in your [.filename]#hex.asm#)."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Не то, что вы ожидали? Программа не выводила результат, пока мы не нажали "
	-"`^D`. Это легко исправить, добавив три строки кода для вывода результата "
	-"каждый раз, когда мы преобразуем новую строку в `0A`. Я пометил эти три "
	-"строки символом > (не копируйте > в ваш [.filename]#hex.asm#)."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:996
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".put:\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-">\tcmp\tal, 0Ah\n"
	-">\tjne\t.loop\n"
	-">\tcall\twrite\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .loop\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".put:\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-">\tcmp\tal, 0Ah\n"
	-">\tjne\t.loop\n"
	-">\tcall\twrite\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .loop\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1050
	-msgid "Now, let us see how it works:"
	-msgstr "Теперь давайте посмотрим, как это работает:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1064
	-msgid "Not bad for a 644-byte executable, is it!"
	-msgstr "Неплохо для исполняемого файла размером 644 байта, не так ли!"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1069
	-msgid ""
	-"This approach to buffered input/output still contains a hidden danger. I "
	-"will discuss-and fix-it later, when I talk about the crossref:x86[x86-"
	-"buffered-dark-side,dark side of buffering]."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Такой подход к буферизированному вводу/выводу всё ещё содержит скрытую "
	-"опасность. Я расскажу об этом и исправлю её позже, когда речь пойдёт о "
	-"crossref:x86[x86-buffered-dark-side,тёмной стороне буферизации]."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1072
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "How to Unread a Character"
	-msgstr "Как отменить чтение символа"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1078
	-msgid ""
	-"This may be a somewhat advanced topic, mostly of interest to programmers "
	-"familiar with the theory of compilers. If you wish, you may crossref:"
	-"x86[x86-command-line,skip to the next section], and perhaps read this later."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это может быть несколько сложной темой, в основном представляющей интерес "
	-"для программистов, знакомых с теорией компиляторов. Если хотите, вы можете "
	-"crossref:x86[x86-command-line, перейти к следующему разделу], и, возможно, "
	-"прочитаете это позже."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1084
	-msgid ""
	-"While our sample program does not require it, more sophisticated filters "
	-"often need to look ahead. In other words, they may need to see what the "
	-"next character is (or even several characters). If the next character is of "
	-"a certain value, it is part of the token currently being processed. "
	-"Otherwise, it is not."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Хотя наш пример программы не требует этого, более сложные фильтры часто "
	-"нуждаются в предварительном просмотре. Другими словами, им может "
	-"потребоваться узнать, какой следующий символ (или даже несколько символов). "
	-"Если следующий символ имеет определённое значение, он является частью "
	-"текущего обрабатываемого токена. В противном случае — нет."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1088
	-msgid ""
	-"For example, you may be parsing the input stream for a textual string (e.g., "
	-"when implementing a language compiler): If a character is followed by "
	-"another character, or perhaps a digit, it is part of the token you are "
	-"processing. If it is followed by white space, or some other value, then it "
	-"is not part of the current token."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Например, вы можете анализировать входной поток на наличие текстовой строки "
	-"(например, при реализации компилятора языка): если символ следует за другим "
	-"символом или, возможно, цифрой, он является частью обрабатываемой лексемы. "
	-"Если за ним следует пробел или другое значение, то он не является частью "
	-"текущей лексемы."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1090
	-msgid ""
	-"This presents an interesting problem: How to return the next character back "
	-"to the input stream, so it can be read again later?"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это представляет интересную проблему: как вернуть следующий символ обратно "
	-"во входной поток, чтобы его можно было прочитать позже?"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1094
	-msgid ""
	-"One possible solution is to store it in a character variable, then set a "
	-"flag. We can modify `getchar` to check the flag, and if it is set, fetch "
	-"the byte from that variable instead of the input buffer, and reset the "
	-"flag. But, of course, that slows us down."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Одно из возможных решений — сохранить его в символьной переменной, а затем "
	-"установить флаг. Мы можем изменить `getchar`, чтобы он проверял флаг, и если "
	-"он установлен, извлекал байт из этой переменной вместо буфера ввода, а затем "
	-"сбрасывал флаг. Но, конечно, это замедляет работу."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1099
	-msgid ""
	-"The C language has an `ungetc()` function, just for that purpose. Is there "
	-"a quick way to implement it in our code? I would like you to scroll back up "
	-"and take a look at the `getchar` procedure and see if you can find a nice "
	-"and fast solution before reading the next paragraph. Then come back here "
	-"and see my own solution."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В языке C есть функция `ungetc()`, как раз для этой цели. Есть ли быстрый "
	-"способ реализовать её в нашем коде? Я хочу, чтобы вы пролистали назад и "
	-"взглянули на процедуру `getchar`, и попробовали найти красивое и быстрое "
	-"решение, прежде чем читать следующий абзац. Затем вернитесь сюда и "
	-"посмотрите моё собственное решение."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1101
	-msgid ""
	-"The key to returning a character back to the stream is in how we are getting "
	-"the characters to start with:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Ключом к возвращению символа обратно в поток является то, как мы получаем "
	-"символы изначально:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1104
	-msgid ""
	-"First we check if the buffer is empty by testing the value of `EBX`. If it "
	-"is zero, we call the `read` procedure."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Сначала проверяем, пуст ли буфер, проверяя значение `EBX`. Если оно равно "
	-"нулю, вызываем процедуру `read`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1107
	-msgid ""
	-"If we do have a character available, we use `lodsb`, then decrease the value "
	-"of `EBX`. The `lodsb` instruction is effectively identical to:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если у нас есть доступный символ, мы используем `lodsb`, затем уменьшаем "
	-"значение `EBX`. Инструкция `lodsb` фактически идентична:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1112
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"mov\tal, [esi]\n"
	-"\tinc\tesi\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"mov\tal, [esi]\n"
	-"\tinc\tesi\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1117
	-msgid ""
	-"The byte we have fetched remains in the buffer until the next time `read` is "
	-"called. We do not know when that happens, but we do know it will not happen "
	-"until the next call to `getchar`. Hence, to \"return\" the last-read byte "
	-"back to the stream, all we have to do is decrease the value of `ESI` and "
	-"increase the value of `EBX`:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Байт, который мы извлекли, остаётся в буфере до следующего вызова `read`. Мы "
	-"не знаем, когда это произойдет, но знаем, что этого не случится до "
	-"следующего вызова `getchar`. Следовательно, чтобы \"вернуть\" последний "
	-"прочитанный байт обратно в поток, нам достаточно уменьшить значение `ESI` и "
	-"увеличить значение `EBX`:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1124
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"ungetc:\n"
	-"\tdec\tesi\n"
	-"\tinc\tebx\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"ungetc:\n"
	-"\tdec\tesi\n"
	-"\tinc\tebx\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1128
	-msgid ""
	-"But, be careful! We are perfectly safe doing this if our look-ahead is at "
	-"most one character at a time. If we are examining more than one upcoming "
	-"character and call `ungetc` several times in a row, it will work most of the "
	-"time, but not all the time (and will be tough to debug). Why?"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Но будьте осторожны! Мы в полной безопасности, если заглядываем вперёд "
	-"только на один символ за раз. Если же мы проверяем несколько следующих "
	-"символов и вызываем `ungetc` несколько раз подряд, это будет работать в "
	-"большинстве случаев, но не всегда (и ошибки будет сложно отладить). Почему?"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1131
	-msgid ""
	-"Because as long as `getchar` does not have to call `read`, all of the pre-"
	-"read bytes are still in the buffer, and our `ungetc` works without a "
	-"glitch. But the moment `getchar` calls `read`, the contents of the buffer "
	-"change."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Потому что пока `getchar` не вызывает `read`, все предварительно прочитанные "
	-"байты остаются в буфере, и наш `ungetc` работает без сбоев. Но как только "
	-"`getchar` вызывает `read`, содержимое буфера изменяется."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1133
	-msgid ""
	-"We can always rely on `ungetc` working properly on the last character we "
	-"have read with `getchar`, but not on anything we have read before that."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы всегда можем рассчитывать на корректную работу `ungetc` с последним "
	-"символом, прочитанным через `getchar`, но не с любым символом, прочитанным "
	-"до этого."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1135
	-msgid ""
	-"If your program reads more than one byte ahead, you have at least two "
	-"choices:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если ваша программа читает более одного байта вперёд, у вас есть как минимум "
	-"два варианта:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1138
	-msgid ""
	-"If possible, modify the program so it only reads one byte ahead. This is "
	-"the simplest solution."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если возможно, измените программу так, чтобы она читала только один байт "
	-"вперёд. Это самое простое решение."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1142
	-msgid ""
	-"If that option is not available, first of all determine the maximum number "
	-"of characters your program needs to return to the input stream at one time. "
	-"Increase that number slightly, just to be sure, preferably to a multiple of "
	-"16-so it aligns nicely. Then modify the `.bss` section of your code, and "
	-"create a small \"spare\" buffer right before your input buffer, something "
	-"like this:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если эта опция недоступна, сначала определите максимальное количество "
	-"символов, которое вашей программе может потребоваться вернуть во входной "
	-"поток за один раз. Увеличьте это число немного, чтобы быть уверенным, "
	-"предпочтительно до кратного 16 — так оно будет лучше выровнено. Затем "
	-"измените секцию `.bss` в вашем коде и создайте небольшой \"запасной\" буфер "
	-"прямо перед вашим входным буфером, примерно так:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1149
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"section\t.bss\n"
	-"\tresb\t16\t; or whatever the value you came up with\n"
	-"ibuffer\tresb\tBUFSIZE\n"
	-"obuffer\tresb\tBUFSIZE\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"section\t.bss\n"
	-"\tresb\t16\t; or whatever the value you came up with\n"
	-"ibuffer\tresb\tBUFSIZE\n"
	-"obuffer\tresb\tBUFSIZE\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1152
	-msgid ""
	-"You also need to modify your `ungetc` to pass the value of the byte to unget "
	-"in `AL`:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Вам также необходимо изменить ваш `ungetc`, чтобы передать значение байта "
	-"для возврата в `AL`:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1160
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"ungetc:\n"
	-"\tdec\tesi\n"
	-"\tinc\tebx\n"
	-"\tmov\t[esi], al\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"ungetc:\n"
	-"\tdec\tesi\n"
	-"\tinc\tebx\n"
	-"\tmov\t[esi], al\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1163
	-msgid ""
	-"With this modification, you can call `ungetc` up to 17 times in a row safely "
	-"(the first call will still be within the buffer, the remaining 16 may be "
	-"either within the buffer or within the \"spare\")."
	-msgstr ""
	-"С этим изменением вы можете безопасно вызывать `ungetc` до 17 раз подряд "
	-"(первый вызов всё ещё будет в пределах буфера, остальные 16 могут быть либо "
	-"в пределах буфера, либо в пределах \"запасного\" пространства)."
	-
	-#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1165
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Command Line Arguments"
	-msgstr "Аргументы командной строки"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1169
	-msgid ""
	-"Our hex program will be more useful if it can read the names of an input and "
	-"output file from its command line, i.e., if it can process the command line "
	-"arguments. But... Where are they?"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Наша программа hex будет полезнее, если она сможет читать имена входного и "
	-"выходного файлов из командной строки, т.е. если она сможет обрабатывать "
	-"аргументы командной строки. Но... Где они?"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1173
	-msgid ""
	-"Before a UNIX(R) system starts a program, it ``push``es some data on the "
	-"stack, then jumps at the `_start` label of the program. Yes, I said jumps, "
	-"not calls. That means the data can be accessed by reading `[esp+offset]`, "
	-"or by simply ``pop``ping it."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Прежде чем UNIX(R) система запустит программу, она делает ``push`` для "
	-"некоторых данных, помещая их в стек, затем переходит к метке `_start` "
	-"программы. Да, я сказал \"переходит\", а не \"вызывает\". Это означает, что "
	-"данные можно прочитать с помощью `[esp+offset]` или просто сделать ``pop`` "
	-"для них."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1176
	-msgid ""
	-"The value at the top of the stack contains the number of command line "
	-"arguments. It is traditionally called `argc`, for \"argument count.\""
	-msgstr ""
	-"Значение на вершине стека содержит количество аргументов командной строки. "
	-"Оно традиционно называется `argc`, что означает \"argument count\"."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1181
	-msgid ""
	-"Command line arguments follow next, all `argc` of them. These are typically "
	-"referred to as `argv`, for \"argument value(s).\" That is, we get `argv[0]`, "
	-"`argv[1]`, `...`, `argv[argc-1]`. These are not the actual arguments, but "
	-"pointers to arguments, i.e., memory addresses of the actual arguments. The "
	-"arguments themselves are NUL-terminated character strings."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Далее следуют аргументы командной строки, все `argc` штук. Обычно их "
	-"называют `argv`, что означает \"значение(я) аргумента\". То есть мы получаем "
	-"`argv[0]`, `argv[1]`, `...`, `argv[argc-1]`. Это не сами аргументы, а "
	-"указатели на аргументы, то есть адреса памяти, где находятся реальные "
	-"аргументы. Сами аргументы представляют собой строки символов, завершающиеся "
	-"нулевым символом ('\\0')."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1183
	-msgid ""
	-"The `argv` list is followed by a NULL pointer, which is simply a `0`. There "
	-"is more, but this is enough for our purposes right now."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Список `argv` завершается указателем NULL, который представляет собой просто "
	-"`0`. Есть и другие детали, но пока этого достаточно для наших целей."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1188
	-msgid ""
	-"If you have come from the MS-DOS(R) programming environment, the main "
	-"difference is that each argument is in a separate string. The second "
	-"difference is that there is no practical limit on how many arguments there "
	-"can be."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если вы перешли из среды программирования MS-DOS(R), основное различие "
	-"заключается в том, что каждый аргумент находится в отдельной строке. Второе "
	-"различие состоит в том, что нет практического ограничения на количество "
	-"аргументов."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1192
	-msgid ""
	-"Armed with this knowledge, we are almost ready for the next version of [."
	-"filename]#hex.asm#. First, however, we need to add a few lines to [."
	-"filename]#system.inc#:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Вооружившись этими знаниями, мы почти готовы к следующей версии [."
	-"filename]#hex.asm#. Однако сначала нам нужно добавить несколько строк в [."
	-"filename]#system.inc#:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1194
	-msgid ""
	-"First, we need to add two new entries to our list of system call numbers:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Сначала нам нужно добавить две новые записи в наш список номеров системных "
	-"вызовов:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1199
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"%define\tSYS_open\t5\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_close\t6\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"%define\tSYS_open\t5\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_close\t6\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1202
	-msgid "Then we add two new macros at the end of the file:"
	-msgstr "Затем мы добавляем два новых макроса в конце файла:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1208
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"%macro\tsys.open\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_open\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"%macro\tsys.open\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_open\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1212
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"%macro\tsys.close\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_close\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"%macro\tsys.close\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_close\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1215
	-msgid "Here, then, is our modified source code:"
	-msgstr "Вот наш измененный исходный код:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1226
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"section\t.data\n"
	-"fd.in\tdd\tstdin\n"
	-"fd.out\tdd\tstdout\n"
	-"hex\tdb\t'0123456789ABCDEF'\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"section\t.data\n"
	-"fd.in\tdd\tstdin\n"
	-"fd.out\tdd\tstdout\n"
	-"hex\tdb\t'0123456789ABCDEF'\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1236
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"section\t.text\n"
	-"align 4\n"
	-"err:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 1\t\t; return failure\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"section\t.text\n"
	-"align 4\n"
	-"err:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 1\t\t; return failure\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1241
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"global\t_start\n"
	-"_start:\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 8\t; discard argc and argv[0]\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"global\t_start\n"
	-"_start:\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 8\t; discard argc and argv[0]\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1244
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1256
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tjecxz\t.init\t\t; no more arguments\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tjecxz\t.init\t\t; no more arguments\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1250
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; ECX contains the path to input file\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0\t\t; O_RDONLY\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tsys.open\n"
	-"\tjc\terr\t\t; open failed\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; ECX contains the path to input file\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0\t\t; O_RDONLY\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tsys.open\n"
	-"\tjc\terr\t\t; open failed\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1253
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 8\n"
	-"\tmov\t[fd.in], eax\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 8\n"
	-"\tmov\t[fd.in], eax\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1264
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; ECX contains the path to output file\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 420\t; file mode (644 octal)\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0200h \| 0400h \| 01h\n"
	-"\t; O_CREAT \| O_TRUNC \| O_WRONLY\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tsys.open\n"
	-"\tjc\terr\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; ECX contains the path to output file\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 420\t; file mode (644 octal)\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0200h \| 0400h \| 01h\n"
	-"\t; O_CREAT \| O_TRUNC \| O_WRONLY\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tsys.open\n"
	-"\tjc\terr\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1267
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tmov\t[fd.out], eax\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tmov\t[fd.out], eax\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1273
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".init:\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tsub\tebx, ebx\n"
	-"\tsub\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tmov\tedi, obuffer\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".init:\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tsub\tebx, ebx\n"
	-"\tsub\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tmov\tedi, obuffer\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1277
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".loop:\n"
	-"\t; read a byte from input file or stdin\n"
	-"\tcall\tgetchar\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".loop:\n"
	-"\t; read a byte from input file or stdin\n"
	-"\tcall\tgetchar\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1300
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".put:\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, dl\n"
	-"\tjne\t.loop\n"
	-"\tcall\twrite\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .loop\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".put:\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, dl\n"
	-"\tjne\t.loop\n"
	-"\tcall\twrite\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .loop\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1325
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"read:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword BUFSIZE\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, ibuffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tesi\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword [fd.in]\n"
	-"\tsys.read\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, eax\n"
	-"\tor\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tje\t.done\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"read:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword BUFSIZE\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, ibuffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tesi\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword [fd.in]\n"
	-"\tsys.read\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, eax\n"
	-"\tor\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tje\t.done\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1329
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2562
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".done:\n"
	-"\tcall\twrite\t\t; flush output buffer\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".done:\n"
	-"\tcall\twrite\t\t; flush output buffer\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1333
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2566
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3820
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; close files\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword [fd.in]\n"
	-"\tsys.close\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; close files\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword [fd.in]\n"
	-"\tsys.close\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1336
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2569
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3823
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tpush\tdword [fd.out]\n"
	-"\tsys.close\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tpush\tdword [fd.out]\n"
	-"\tsys.close\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1340
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2573
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3829
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; return success\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; return success\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1360
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"write:\n"
	-"\tsub\tedi, ecx\t; start of buffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tpush\tedi\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword [fd.out]\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tsub\tecx, ecx\t; buffer is empty now\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"write:\n"
	-"\tsub\tedi, ecx\t; start of buffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tpush\tedi\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword [fd.out]\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tsub\tecx, ecx\t; buffer is empty now\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1364
	-msgid ""
	-"In our `.data` section we now have two new variables, `fd.in` and `fd.out`. "
	-"We store the input and output file descriptors here."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В нашем разделе `.data` теперь есть две новые переменные, `fd.in` и `fd."
	-"out`. Здесь мы сохраняем дескрипторы файлов для ввода и вывода."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1366
	-msgid ""
	-"In the `.text` section we have replaced the references to `stdin` and "
	-"`stdout` with `[fd.in]` and `[fd.out]`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В разделе `.text` мы заменили ссылки с `stdin` и `stdout` на `[fd.in]` и "
	-"`[fd.out]`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1369
	-msgid ""
	-"The `.text` section now starts with a simple error handler, which does "
	-"nothing but exit the program with a return value of `1`. The error handler "
	-"is before `_start` so we are within a short distance from where the errors "
	-"occur."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Раздел `.text` теперь начинается с простого обработчика ошибок, который "
	-"просто завершает программу с кодом возврата `1`. Обработчик ошибок "
	-"расположен перед `_start`, чтобы находиться вблизи от места возникновения "
	-"ошибок."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1372
	-msgid ""
	-"Naturally, the program execution still begins at `_start`. First, we remove "
	-"`argc` and `argv[0]` from the stack: They are of no interest to us (in this "
	-"program, that is)."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Естественно, выполнение программы по-прежнему начинается с `_start`. Сначала "
	-"мы удаляем `argc` и `argv[0]` из стека: они не представляют для нас интереса "
	-"(по крайней мере, в этой программе)."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1378
	-msgid ""
	-"We pop `argv[1]` to `ECX`. This register is particularly suited for "
	-"pointers, as we can handle NULL pointers with `jecxz`. If `argv[1]` is not "
	-"NULL, we try to open the file named in the first argument. Otherwise, we "
	-"continue the program as before: Reading from `stdin`, writing to `stdout`. "
	-"If we fail to open the input file (e.g., it does not exist), we jump to the "
	-"error handler and quit."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы помещаем `argv[1]` в `ECX`. Этот регистр особенно подходит для "
	-"указателей, так как мы можем обрабатывать NULL-указатели с помощью `jecxz`. "
	-"Если `argv[1]` не равен NULL, мы пытаемся открыть файл с именем, указанным в "
	-"первом аргументе. В противном случае продолжаем программу как раньше: чтение "
	-"из `stdin`, запись в `stdout`. Если нам не удаётся открыть входной файл "
	-"(например, он не существует), мы переходим к обработчику ошибок и завершаем "
	-"работу."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1383
	-msgid ""
	-"If all went well, we now check for the second argument. If it is there, we "
	-"open the output file. Otherwise, we send the output to `stdout`. If we "
	-"fail to open the output file (e.g., it exists and we do not have the write "
	-"permission), we, again, jump to the error handler."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если всё прошло успешно, мы проверяем второй аргумент. Если он присутствует, "
	-"мы открываем выходной файл. В противном случае, мы отправляем вывод в "
	-"`stdout`. Если нам не удаётся открыть выходной файл (например, он существует "
	-"и у нас нет прав на запись), мы снова переходим к обработчику ошибок."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1385
	-msgid ""
	-"The rest of the code is the same as before, except we close the input and "
	-"output files before exiting, and, as mentioned, we use `[fd.in]` and `[fd."
	-"out]`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Остальная часть кода остаётся прежней, за исключением того, что мы закрываем "
	-"входной и выходной файлы перед завершением, и, как упоминалось, используем "
	-"`[fd.in]` и `[fd.out]`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1387
	-msgid "Our executable is now a whopping 768 bytes long."
	-msgstr "Наш исполняемый файл теперь имеет внушительный размер в 768 байт."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1390
	-msgid ""
	-"Can we still improve it? Of course! Every program can be improved. Here are "
	-"a few ideas of what we could do:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Можем ли мы улучшить его ещё? Конечно! Каждую программу можно улучшить. Вот "
	-"несколько идей, что мы могли бы сделать:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1392
	-msgid "Have our error handler print a message to `stderr`."
	-msgstr "Сделать наш обработчик ошибок, выводящий сообщение в `stderr`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1393
	-msgid "Add error handlers to the `read` and `write` functions."
	-msgstr "Добавить обработчики ошибок в функции `read` и `write`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1394
	-msgid ""
	-"Close `stdin` when we open an input file, `stdout` when we open an output "
	-"file."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Закрывать `stdin` при открытии входного файла, `stdout` при открытии "
	-"выходного файла."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1395
	-msgid ""
	-"Add command line switches, such as `-i` and `-o`, so we can list the input "
	-"and output files in any order, or perhaps read from `stdin` and write to a "
	-"file."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Добавить параметры командной строки, такие как `-i` и `-o`, чтобы можно было "
	-"перечислять входные и выходные файлы в любом порядке или, возможно, читать "
	-"из `stdin` и записывать в файл."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1396
	-msgid "Print a usage message if command line arguments are incorrect."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Выводить сообщение с подсказкой об использовании программы, если аргументы "
	-"командной строки указаны неверно."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1398
	-msgid ""
	-"I shall leave these enhancements as an exercise to the reader: You already "
	-"know everything you need to know to implement them."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Я оставлю эти улучшения в качестве упражнения для читателя: вы уже знаете "
	-"всё необходимое для их реализации."
	-
	-#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1400
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "UNIX(R) Environment"
	-msgstr "Окружение UNIX(R)"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1404
	-msgid ""
	-"An important UNIX(R) concept is the environment, which is defined by "
	-"_environment variables_. Some are set by the system, others by you, yet "
	-"others by the shell, or any program that loads another program."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Важным концептом UNIX(R) является окружение, которое определяется "
	-"_переменными окружения_. Некоторые из них устанавливаются системой, другие — "
	-"пользователем, третьи — оболочкой или любой программой, которая загружает "
	-"другую программу."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1406
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "How to Find Environment Variables"
	-msgstr "Как найти переменные окружения"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1411
	-msgid ""
	-"I said earlier that when a program starts executing, the stack contains "
	-"`argc` followed by the NULL-terminated `argv` array, followed by something "
	-"else. The \"something else\" is the _environment_, or, to be more precise, "
	-"a NULL-terminated array of pointers to _environment variables_. This is "
	-"often referred to as `env`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Я говорил ранее, что когда программа начинает выполняться, в стеке находятся "
	-"`argc`, за которым следует массив `argv`, завершающийся NULL, а затем что-то "
	-"ещё. Это \"что-то ещё\" — это _окружение_, или, если быть точнее, массив "
	-"указателей на _переменные окружения_, завершающийся NULL. Это часто называют "
	-"`env`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1414
	-msgid ""
	-"The structure of `env` is the same as that of `argv`, a list of memory "
	-"addresses followed by a NULL (`0`). In this case, there is no `\"envc\"`-we "
	-"figure out where the array ends by searching for the final NULL."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Структура `env` такая же, как у `argv` — список адресов памяти, "
	-"заканчивающийся NULL (`0`). В данном случае нет `\"envc\"` — конец массива "
	-"определяется поиском последнего NULL."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1417
	-msgid ""
	-"The variables usually come in the `name=value` format, but sometimes the "
	-"`=value` part may be missing. We need to account for that possibility."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Переменные обычно имеют формат `name=value`, но иногда часть `=value` может "
	-"отсутствовать. Необходимо учитывать эту вероятность."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1419
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "webvars"
	-msgstr "webvars"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1423
	-msgid ""
	-"I could just show you some code that prints the environment the same way the "
	-"UNIX(R) env command does. But I thought it would be more interesting to "
	-"write a simple assembly language CGI utility."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Я мог бы просто показать вам код, который выводит окружение так же, как "
	-"команда UNIX(R) env. Но я подумал, что будет интереснее написать простую CGI-"
	-"утилиту на ассемблере."
	-
	-#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1425
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "CGI: a Quick Overview"
	-msgstr "CGI: краткий обзор"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1428
	-msgid ""
	-"I have a http://www.whizkidtech.redprince.net/cgi-bin/tutorial[detailed CGI "
	-"tutorial] on my web site, but here is a very quick overview of CGI:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"У меня есть http://www.whizkidtech.redprince.net/cgi-bin/tutorial[подробное "
	-"руководство по CGI] на моем веб-сайте, но вот очень краткий обзор CGI:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1430
	-msgid ""
	-"The web server communicates with the CGI program by setting _environment "
	-"variables_."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Веб-сервер взаимодействует с CGI-программой, устанавливая _переменные "
	-"окружения_."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1431
	-msgid ""
	-"The CGI program sends its output to [.filename]#stdout#. The web server "
	-"reads it from there."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Программа CGI отправляет свой вывод в [.filename]#stdout#. Веб-сервер "
	-"считывает его оттуда."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1432
	-msgid "It must start with an HTTP header followed by two blank lines."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Он должен начинаться с HTTP-заголовка, за которым следуют две пустые строки."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1433
	-msgid ""
	-"It then prints the HTML code, or whatever other type of data it is producing."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Затем он выводит HTML-код или любые другие данные, которые он генерирует."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1438
	-msgid ""
	-"While certain _environment variables_ use standard names, others vary, "
	-"depending on the web server. That makes webvars quite a useful diagnostic "
	-"tool."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В то время как некоторые _переменные окружения_ используют стандартные "
	-"имена, другие различаются в зависимости от веб-сервера. Это делает программу "
	-"webvars весьма полезным инструментом для диагностики."
	-
	-#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1441
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "The Code"
	-msgstr "Код"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1445
	-msgid ""
	-"Our webvars program, then, must send out the HTTP header followed by some "
	-"HTML mark-up. It then must read the _environment variables_ one by one and "
	-"send them out as part of the HTML page."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Наша программа webvars, таким образом, должна отправить HTTP-заголовок, за "
	-"которым следует HTML-разметка. Затем она должна прочитать _переменные "
	-"окружения_ одну за другой и отправить их как часть HTML-страницы."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1448
	-msgid ""
	-"The code follows. I placed comments and explanations right inside the code:"
	-msgstr "Код приведен ниже. Я разместил комментарии и пояснения прямо в коде:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1485
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-";;;;;;; webvars.asm ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Copyright (c) 2000 G. Adam Stanislav\n"
	-"; All rights reserved.\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n"
	-"; modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n"
	-"; are met:\n"
	-"; 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n"
	-"; notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n"
	-"; 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\n"
	-"; notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the\n"
	-"; documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND\n"
	-"; ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n"
	-"; IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n"
	-"; ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE\n"
	-"; FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL\n"
	-"; DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS\n"
	-"; OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)\n"
	-"; HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT\n"
	-"; LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY\n"
	-"; OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF\n"
	-"; SUCH DAMAGE.\n"
	-";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Version 1.0\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Started:\t 8-Dec-2000\n"
	-"; Updated:\t 8-Dec-2000\n"
	-";\n"
	-";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	-"%include\t'system.inc'\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-";;;;;;; webvars.asm ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Copyright (c) 2000 G. Adam Stanislav\n"
	-"; All rights reserved.\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without\n"
	-"; modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions\n"
	-"; are met:\n"
	-"; 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright\n"
	-"; notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.\n"
	-"; 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright\n"
	-"; notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the\n"
	-"; documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND\n"
	-"; ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\n"
	-"; IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\n"
	-"; ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE\n"
	-"; FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL\n"
	-"; DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS\n"
	-"; OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)\n"
	-"; HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT\n"
	-"; LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY\n"
	-"; OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF\n"
	-"; SUCH DAMAGE.\n"
	-";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Version 1.0\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Started:\t 8-Dec-2000\n"
	-"; Updated:\t 8-Dec-2000\n"
	-";\n"
	-";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	-"%include\t'system.inc'\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1522
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"section\t.data\n"
	-"http\tdb\t'Content-type: text/html', 0Ah, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C/DTD XHTML Strict//EN\" '\n"
	-"\tdb\t'\"DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\">', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<html xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\" '\n"
	-"\tdb\t'xml.lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<head>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<title>Web Environment</title>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<meta name=\"author\" content=\"G. Adam Stanislav\" />', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'</head>', 0Ah, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<body bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" text=\"#000000\" link=\"#0000ff\" '\n"
	-"\tdb\t'vlink=\"#840084\" alink=\"#0000ff\">', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<div class=\"webvars\">', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<h1>Web Environment</h1>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<p>The following <b>environment variables</b> are defined '\n"
	-"\tdb\t'on this web server:</p>', 0Ah, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<table align=\"center\" width=\"80\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\" '\n"
	-"\tdb\t'cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"webvars\">', 0Ah\n"
	-"httplen\tequ\t$-http\n"
	-"left\tdb\t'<tr>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<td class=\"name\"><tt>'\n"
	-"leftlen\tequ\t$-left\n"
	-"middle\tdb\t'</tt></td>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<td class=\"value\"><tt><b>'\n"
	-"midlen\tequ\t$-middle\n"
	-"undef\tdb\t'<i>(undefined)</i>'\n"
	-"undeflen\tequ\t$-undef\n"
	-"right\tdb\t'</b></tt></td>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'</tr>', 0Ah\n"
	-"rightlen\tequ\t$-right\n"
	-"wrap\tdb\t'</table>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'</div>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'</body>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'</html>', 0Ah, 0Ah\n"
	-"wraplen\tequ\t$-wrap\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"section\t.data\n"
	-"http\tdb\t'Content-type: text/html', 0Ah, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C/DTD XHTML Strict//EN\" '\n"
	-"\tdb\t'\"DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd\">', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<html xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\" '\n"
	-"\tdb\t'xml.lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<head>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<title>Web Environment</title>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<meta name=\"author\" content=\"G. Adam Stanislav\" />', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'</head>', 0Ah, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<body bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" text=\"#000000\" link=\"#0000ff\" '\n"
	-"\tdb\t'vlink=\"#840084\" alink=\"#0000ff\">', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<div class=\"webvars\">', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<h1>Web Environment</h1>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<p>The following <b>environment variables</b> are defined '\n"
	-"\tdb\t'on this web server:</p>', 0Ah, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<table align=\"center\" width=\"80\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"10\" '\n"
	-"\tdb\t'cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"webvars\">', 0Ah\n"
	-"httplen\tequ\t$-http\n"
	-"left\tdb\t'<tr>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<td class=\"name\"><tt>'\n"
	-"leftlen\tequ\t$-left\n"
	-"middle\tdb\t'</tt></td>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'<td class=\"value\"><tt><b>'\n"
	-"midlen\tequ\t$-middle\n"
	-"undef\tdb\t'<i>(undefined)</i>'\n"
	-"undeflen\tequ\t$-undef\n"
	-"right\tdb\t'</b></tt></td>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'</tr>', 0Ah\n"
	-"rightlen\tequ\t$-right\n"
	-"wrap\tdb\t'</table>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'</div>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'</body>', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'</html>', 0Ah, 0Ah\n"
	-"wraplen\tequ\t$-wrap\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1532
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"section\t.text\n"
	-"global\t_start\n"
	-"_start:\n"
	-"\t; First, send out all the http and xhtml stuff that is\n"
	-"\t; needed before we start showing the environment\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword httplen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword http\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"section\t.text\n"
	-"global\t_start\n"
	-"_start:\n"
	-"\t; First, send out all the http and xhtml stuff that is\n"
	-"\t; needed before we start showing the environment\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword httplen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword http\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1536
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Now find how far on the stack the environment pointers\n"
	-"\t; are. We have 12 bytes we have pushed before \"argc\"\n"
	-"\tmov\teax, [esp+12]\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Now find how far on the stack the environment pointers\n"
	-"\t; are. We have 12 bytes we have pushed before \"argc\"\n"
	-"\tmov\teax, [esp+12]\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1551
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; We need to remove the following from the stack:\n"
	-"\t;\n"
	-"\t;\tThe 12 bytes we pushed for sys.write\n"
	-"\t;\tThe 4 bytes of argc\n"
	-"\t;\tThe EAX*4 bytes of argv\n"
	-"\t;\tThe 4 bytes of the NULL after argv\n"
	-"\t;\n"
	-"\t; Total:\n"
	-"\t;\t20 + eax * 4\n"
	-"\t;\n"
	-"\t; Because stack grows down, we need to ADD that many bytes\n"
	-"\t; to ESP.\n"
	-"\tlea\tesp, [esp+20+eax*4]\n"
	-"\tcld\t\t; This should already be the case, but let's be sure.\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; We need to remove the following from the stack:\n"
	-"\t;\n"
	-"\t;\tThe 12 bytes we pushed for sys.write\n"
	-"\t;\tThe 4 bytes of argc\n"
	-"\t;\tThe EAX*4 bytes of argv\n"
	-"\t;\tThe 4 bytes of the NULL after argv\n"
	-"\t;\n"
	-"\t; Total:\n"
	-"\t;\t20 + eax * 4\n"
	-"\t;\n"
	-"\t; Because stack grows down, we need to ADD that many bytes\n"
	-"\t; to ESP.\n"
	-"\tlea\tesp, [esp+20+eax*4]\n"
	-"\tcld\t\t; This should already be the case, but let's be sure.\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1557
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Loop through the environment, printing it out\n"
	-".loop:\n"
	-"\tpop\tedi\n"
	-"\tor\tedi, edi\t; Done yet?\n"
	-"\tje\tnear .wrap\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Loop through the environment, printing it out\n"
	-".loop:\n"
	-"\tpop\tedi\n"
	-"\tor\tedi, edi\t; Done yet?\n"
	-"\tje\tnear .wrap\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1563
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Print the left part of HTML\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword leftlen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword left\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Print the left part of HTML\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword leftlen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword left\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1574
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; It may be tempting to search for the '=' in the env string next.\n"
	-"\t; But it is possible there is no '=', so we search for the\n"
	-"\t; terminating NUL first.\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, edi\t; Save start of string\n"
	-"\tsub\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tnot\tecx\t\t; ECX = FFFFFFFF\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"repne\tscasb\n"
	-"\tnot\tecx\t\t; ECX = string length + 1\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, ecx\t; Save it in EBX\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; It may be tempting to search for the '=' in the env string next.\n"
	-"\t; But it is possible there is no '=', so we search for the\n"
	-"\t; terminating NUL first.\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, edi\t; Save start of string\n"
	-"\tsub\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tnot\tecx\t\t; ECX = FFFFFFFF\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"repne\tscasb\n"
	-"\tnot\tecx\t\t; ECX = string length + 1\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, ecx\t; Save it in EBX\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1581
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Now is the time to find '='\n"
	-"\tmov\tedi, esi\t; Start of string\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, '='\n"
	-"repne\tscasb\n"
	-"\tnot\tecx\n"
	-"\tadd\tecx, ebx\t; Length of name\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Now is the time to find '='\n"
	-"\tmov\tedi, esi\t; Start of string\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, '='\n"
	-"repne\tscasb\n"
	-"\tnot\tecx\n"
	-"\tadd\tecx, ebx\t; Length of name\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1586
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tpush\tesi\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tpush\tesi\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1592
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Print the middle part of HTML table code\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword midlen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword middle\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Print the middle part of HTML table code\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword midlen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword middle\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1596
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Find the length of the value\n"
	-"\tnot\tecx\n"
	-"\tlea\tebx, [ebx+ecx-1]\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Find the length of the value\n"
	-"\tnot\tecx\n"
	-"\tlea\tebx, [ebx+ecx-1]\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1600
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Print \"undefined\" if 0\n"
	-"\tor\tebx, ebx\n"
	-"\tjne\t.value\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Print \"undefined\" if 0\n"
	-"\tor\tebx, ebx\n"
	-"\tjne\t.value\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1603
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tmov\tebx, undeflen\n"
	-"\tmov\tedi, undef\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tmov\tebx, undeflen\n"
	-"\tmov\tedi, undef\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1609
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".value:\n"
	-"\tpush\tebx\n"
	-"\tpush\tedi\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".value:\n"
	-"\tpush\tebx\n"
	-"\tpush\tedi\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1615
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Print the right part of the table row\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword rightlen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword right\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Print the right part of the table row\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword rightlen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword right\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1618
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Get rid of the 60 bytes we have pushed\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 60\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Get rid of the 60 bytes we have pushed\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 60\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1621
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Get the next variable\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.loop\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Get the next variable\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.loop\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1628
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".wrap:\n"
	-"\t; Print the rest of HTML\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword wraplen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword wrap\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".wrap:\n"
	-"\t; Print the rest of HTML\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword wraplen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword wrap\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stdout\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1632
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Return success\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Return success\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1636
	-msgid ""
	-"This code produces a 1,396-byte executable. Most of it is data, i.e., the "
	-"HTML mark-up we need to send out."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Этот код создает исполняемый файл размером 1 396 байт. Большая его часть — "
	-"это данные, а именно HTML-разметка, которую нам нужно отправить."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1638
	-msgid "Assemble and link it as usual:"
	-msgstr "Запустите ассемблер и слинкуйте как обычно:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1643
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"% nasm -f elf webvars.asm\n"
	-"% ld -s -o webvars webvars.o\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"% nasm -f elf webvars.asm\n"
	-"% ld -s -o webvars webvars.o\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1647
	-msgid ""
	-"To use it, you need to upload [.filename]#webvars# to your web server. "
	-"Depending on how your web server is set up, you may have to store it in a "
	-"special [.filename]#cgi-bin# directory, or perhaps rename it with a [."
	-"filename]#.cgi# extension."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Для использования необходимо загрузить [.filename]#webvars# на ваш веб-"
	-"сервер. В зависимости от настроек веб-сервера, возможно, потребуется "
	-"разместить его в специальном каталоге [.filename]#cgi-bin# или переименовать "
	-"с расширением [.filename]#.cgi#."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1651
	-msgid ""
	-"Then you need to use your browser to view its output. To see its output on "
	-"my web server, please go to http://www.int80h.org/webvars/[http://www.int80h."
	-"org/webvars/]. If curious about the additional environment variables "
	-"present in a password protected web directory, go to http://www.int80h.org/"
	-"private/[http://www.int80h.org/private/], using the name `asm` and password "
	-"`programmer`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Затем вам нужно использовать браузер для просмотра вывода. Чтобы увидеть "
	-"вывод на моем веб-сервере, перейдите по ссылке http://www.int80h.org/webvars/"
	-"[http://www.int80h.org/webvars/]. Если вам интересно узнать о дополнительных "
	-"переменных окружения в защищенном паролем веб-каталоге, перейдите по адресу "
	-"http://www.int80h.org/private/[http://www.int80h.org/private/], используя "
	-"имя `asm` и пароль `programmer`."
	-
	-#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1653
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Working with Files"
	-msgstr "Работа с файлами"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1658
	-msgid ""
	-"We have already done some basic file work: We know how to open and close "
	-"them, how to read and write them using buffers. But UNIX(R) offers much "
	-"more functionality when it comes to files. We will examine some of it in "
	-"this section, and end up with a nice file conversion utility."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы уже выполнили некоторые базовые операции с файлами: мы знаем, как их "
	-"открывать и закрывать, как читать и записывать их с использованием буферов. "
	-"Однако UNIX(R) предлагает гораздо больше возможностей при работе с файлами. "
	-"В этом разделе мы рассмотрим некоторые из них и в итоге создадим удобную "
	-"утилиту для преобразования файлов."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1661
	-msgid ""
	-"Indeed, let us start at the end, that is, with the file conversion utility. "
	-"It always makes programming easier when we know from the start what the end "
	-"product is supposed to do."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В самом деле, начнем с конца, то есть с утилиты преобразования файлов. "
	-"Всегда легче программировать, когда с самого начала известно, каким должен "
	-"быть конечный продукт."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1667
	-msgid ""
	-"One of the first programs I wrote for UNIX(R) was link:ftp://ftp.int80h.org/"
	-"unix/tuc/[tuc], a text-to-UNIX(R) file converter. It converts a text file "
	-"from other operating systems to a UNIX(R) text file. In other words, it "
	-"changes from different kind of line endings to the newline convention of "
	-"UNIX(R). It saves the output in a different file. Optionally, it converts "
	-"a UNIX(R) text file to a DOS text file."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Одной из первых программ, которые я написал для UNIX(R), была link:ftp://ftp."
	-"int80h.org/unix/tuc/[tuc] — конвертер текста в файл UNIX(R). Она преобразует "
	-"текстовый файл из других операционных систем в текстовый файл UNIX(R). "
	-"Другими словами, она изменяет различные виды окончаний строк на стандартные "
	-"для UNIX(R). Результат сохраняется в другом файле. По желанию, она может "
	-"преобразовать текстовый файл UNIX(R) в текстовый файл DOS."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1671
	-msgid ""
	-"I have used tuc extensively, but always only to convert from some other OS "
	-"to UNIX(R), never the other way. I have always wished it would just "
	-"overwrite the file instead of me having to send the output to a different "
	-"file. Most of the time, I end up using it like this:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Я широко использовал `tuc`, но всегда только для преобразования из какой-"
	-"либо другой ОС в UNIX(R), никогда наоборот. Мне всегда хотелось, чтобы он "
	-"просто перезаписывал файл, вместо того чтобы мне приходилось отправлять "
	-"вывод в другой файл. В большинстве случаев я в итоге использую его так:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1676
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"% tuc myfile tempfile\n"
	-"% mv tempfile myfile\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"% tuc myfile tempfile\n"
	-"% mv tempfile myfile\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1679
	-msgid ""
	-"It would be nice to have a ftuc, i.e., _fast tuc_, and use it like this:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Было бы здорово иметь ftuc, т.е., _быстрый tuc_, и использовать его вот так:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1683
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "% ftuc myfile\n"
	-msgstr "% ftuc myfile\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1686
	-msgid ""
	-"In this chapter, then, we will write ftuc in assembly language (the original "
	-"tuc is in C), and study various file-oriented kernel services in the process."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В этой главе мы напишем ftuc на языке ассемблера (оригинальный tuc написан "
	-"на C) и в процессе изучим различные файловые сервисы ядра."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1688
	-msgid ""
	-"At first sight, such a file conversion is very simple: All you have to do is "
	-"strip the carriage returns, right?"
	-msgstr ""
	-"На первый взгляд, такое преобразование файла кажется очень простым: нужно "
	-"всего лишь удалить символы возврата каретки, верно?"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1690
	-msgid ""
	-"If you answered yes, think again: That approach will work most of the time "
	-"(at least with MS DOS text files), but will fail occasionally."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если вы ответили «да», подумайте ещё раз: такой подход будет работать в "
	-"большинстве случаев (по крайней мере, с текстовыми файлами MS DOS), но "
	-"иногда он будет давать сбой."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1695
	-msgid ""
	-"The problem is that not all non UNIX(R) text files end their line with the "
	-"carriage return / line feed sequence. Some use carriage returns without "
	-"line feeds. Others combine several blank lines into a single carriage "
	-"return followed by several line feeds. And so on."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Проблема в том, что не все текстовые файлы, не относящиеся к UNIX(R), "
	-"завершают строки последовательностью возврата каретки / перевода строки. "
	-"Некоторые используют возврат каретки без перевода строки. Другие объединяют "
	-"несколько пустых строк в один возврат каретки, за которым следует несколько "
	-"переводов строки. И так далее."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1697
	-msgid ""
	-"A text file converter, then, must be able to handle any possible line "
	-"endings:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Конвертер текстовых файлов, следовательно, должен уметь обрабатывать любые "
	-"возможные окончания строк:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1699
	-msgid "carriage return / line feed"
	-msgstr "возврат каретки (carriage return) / перевод строки (line feed)"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1700
	-msgid "carriage return"
	-msgstr "возврат каретки"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1701
	-msgid "line feed / carriage return"
	-msgstr "перевод строки / возврат каретки"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1702
	-msgid "line feed"
	-msgstr "перевод строки"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1704
	-msgid ""
	-"It should also handle files that use some kind of a combination of the above "
	-"(e.g., carriage return followed by several line feeds)."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это также должно обрабатывать файлы, использующие комбинации вышеуказанного "
	-"(например, возврат каретки с последующими несколькими переводами строки)."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1706
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Finite State Machine"
	-msgstr "Конечный автомат"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1713
	-msgid ""
	-"The problem is easily solved by the use of a technique called _finite state "
	-"machine_, originally developed by the designers of digital electronic "
	-"circuits. A _finite state machine_ is a digital circuit whose output is "
	-"dependent not only on its input but on its previous input, i.e., on its "
	-"state. The microprocessor is an example of a _finite state machine_: Our "
	-"assembly language code is assembled to machine language in which some "
	-"assembly language code produces a single byte of machine language, while "
	-"others produce several bytes. As the microprocessor fetches the bytes from "
	-"the memory one by one, some of them simply change its state rather than "
	-"produce some output. When all the bytes of the op code are fetched, the "
	-"microprocessor produces some output, or changes the value of a register, etc."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Проблема легко решается с использованием техники, называемой _конечный "
	-"автомат_, изначально разработанной создателями цифровых электронных схем. "
	-"_Конечный автомат_ — это цифровая схема, выход которой зависит не только от "
	-"входа, но и от предыдущего входа, то есть от её состояния. Микропроцессор "
	-"является примером _конечного автомата_: наш код на языке ассемблера "
	-"транслируется в машинный язык, где одни инструкции ассемблера превращаются в "
	-"один байт машинного кода, а другие — в несколько байтов. Когда "
	-"микропроцессор извлекает байты из памяти один за другим, некоторые из них "
	-"просто изменяют его состояние, а не производят какой-либо выходной сигнал. "
	-"После извлечения всех байтов кода операции микропроцессор выдает выходной "
	-"сигнал, изменяет значение регистра и т. д."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1716
	-msgid ""
	-"Because of that, all software is essentially a sequence of state "
	-"instructions for the microprocessor. Nevertheless, the concept of _finite "
	-"state machine_ is useful in software design as well."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Из-за этого всё программное обеспечение по сути представляет собой "
	-"последовательность инструкций состояния для микропроцессора. Тем не менее, "
	-"концепция _конечного автомата_ также полезна при проектировании программного "
	-"обеспечения."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1719
	-msgid ""
	-"Our text file converter can be designer as a _finite state machine_ with "
	-"three possible states. We could call them states 0-2, but it will make our "
	-"life easier if we give them symbolic names:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Наш конвертер текстовых файлов можно представить в виде _конечного автомата_ "
	-"с тремя возможными состояниями. Мы могли бы назвать их состояниями 0-2, но "
	-"будет проще, если дадим им символические имена:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1721
	-msgid "ordinary"
	-msgstr "ordinary"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1722
	-msgid "cr"
	-msgstr "cr"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1723
	-msgid "lf"
	-msgstr "lf"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1725
	-msgid ""
	-"Our program will start in the ordinary state. During this state, the program "
	-"action depends on its input as follows:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Наша программа начнёт работу в обычном состоянии. В этом состоянии действие "
	-"программы зависит от её входных данных следующим образом:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1728
	-msgid ""
	-"If the input is anything other than a carriage return or line feed, the "
	-"input is simply passed on to the output. The state remains unchanged."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если ввод представляет собой что-либо, кроме возврата каретки или перевода "
	-"строки, ввод просто передаётся на вывод. Состояние остаётся неизменным."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1730
	-msgid ""
	-"If the input is a carriage return, the state is changed to cr. The input is "
	-"then discarded, i.e., no output is made."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если входной символ — возврат каретки, состояние изменяется на cr. Затем "
	-"входной символ отбрасывается, т.е. вывод не производится."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1732
	-msgid ""
	-"If the input is a line feed, the state is changed to lf. The input is then "
	-"discarded."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если входной символ является переводом строки, состояние изменяется на lf. "
	-"Затем входной символ отбрасывается."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1735
	-msgid ""
	-"Whenever we are in the cr state, it is because the last input was a carriage "
	-"return, which was unprocessed. What our software does in this state again "
	-"depends on the current input:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Всякий раз, когда мы находимся в состоянии `cr`, это означает, что последним "
	-"вводом был символ возврата каретки, который не был обработан. Действия "
	-"нашего программного обеспечения в этом состоянии снова зависят от текущего "
	-"ввода:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1737
	-msgid ""
	-"If the input is anything other than a carriage return or line feed, output a "
	-"line feed, then output the input, then change the state to ordinary."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если ввод отличается от возврата каретки или перевода строки, вывести "
	-"перевод строки, затем вывести ввод, а затем изменить состояние на обычное."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1738
	-msgid ""
	-"If the input is a carriage return, we have received two (or more) carriage "
	-"returns in a row. We discard the input, we output a line feed, and leave the "
	-"state unchanged."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если входной символ — возврат каретки, значит, мы получили два (или более) "
	-"возврата каретки подряд. Мы отбрасываем ввод, выводим перевод строки и "
	-"оставляем состояние неизменным."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1739
	-msgid ""
	-"If the input is a line feed, we output the line feed and change the state to "
	-"ordinary. Note that this is not the same as the first case above - if we "
	-"tried to combine them, we would be outputting two line feeds instead of one."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если входной символ — это перевод строки, мы выводим перевод строки и меняем "
	-"состояние на обычное. Обратите внимание, что это не то же самое, что в "
	-"первом случае выше — если бы мы попытались объединить их, мы бы выводили два "
	-"перевода строки вместо одного."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1743
	-msgid ""
	-"Finally, we are in the lf state after we have received a line feed that was "
	-"not preceded by a carriage return. This will happen when our file already "
	-"is in UNIX(R) format, or whenever several lines in a row are expressed by a "
	-"single carriage return followed by several line feeds, or when line ends "
	-"with a line feed / carriage return sequence. Here is how we need to handle "
	-"our input in this state:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Наконец, мы находимся в состоянии `lf` после получения перевода строки, "
	-"которому не предшествовал возврат каретки. Это произойдет, если наш файл уже "
	-"в формате UNIX(R), или когда несколько строк подряд выражены одним возвратом "
	-"каретки, за которым следуют несколько переводов строк, или когда строка "
	-"заканчивается последовательностью перевода строки / возврата каретки. Вот "
	-"как нам нужно обрабатывать ввод в этом состоянии:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1745
	-msgid ""
	-"If the input is anything other than a carriage return or line feed, we "
	-"output a line feed, then output the input, then change the state to "
	-"ordinary. This is exactly the same action as in the cr state upon receiving "
	-"the same kind of input."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если ввод отличается от возврата каретки или перевода строки, мы выводим "
	-"перевод строки, затем выводим ввод и изменяем состояние на обычное. Это "
	-"действие полностью совпадает с действием в состоянии `cr` при получении "
	-"аналогичного ввода."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1746
	-msgid ""
	-"If the input is a carriage return, we discard the input, we output a line "
	-"feed, then change the state to ordinary."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если ввод представляет собой символ возврата каретки, мы отбрасываем ввод, "
	-"выводим символ перевода строки, затем изменяем состояние на обычное."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1747
	-msgid ""
	-"If the input is a line feed, we output the line feed, and leave the state "
	-"unchanged."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если входной символ — перевод строки, мы выводим перевод строки и оставляем "
	-"состояние неизменным."
	-
	-#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1749
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "The Final State"
	-msgstr "Конечное состояние"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1754
	-msgid ""
	-"The above _finite state machine_ works for the entire file, but leaves the "
	-"possibility that the final line end will be ignored. That will happen "
	-"whenever the file ends with a single carriage return or a single line feed. "
	-"I did not think of it when I wrote tuc, just to discover that occasionally "
	-"it strips the last line ending."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Приведённый выше _конечный автомат_ работает для всего файла, но оставляет "
	-"возможность, что последний конец строки будет проигнорирован. Это "
	-"произойдёт, если файл заканчивается одиночным возвратом каретки или "
	-"одиночным переводом строки. Я не подумал об этом, когда писал tuc, и лишь "
	-"позже обнаружил, что иногда он удаляет последний конец строки."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1757
	-msgid ""
	-"This problem is easily fixed by checking the state after the entire file was "
	-"processed. If the state is not ordinary, we simply need to output one last "
	-"line feed."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Эта проблема легко решается проверкой состояния после обработки всего файла. "
	-"Если состояние не является обычным, нам просто нужно вывести последний "
	-"перевод строки."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1763
	-msgid ""
	-"Now that we have expressed our algorithm as a _finite state machine_, we "
	-"could easily design a dedicated digital electronic circuit (a \"chip\") to "
	-"do the conversion for us. Of course, doing so would be considerably more "
	-"expensive than writing an assembly language program."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Теперь, когда мы выразили наш алгоритм в виде _конечного автомата_, мы могли "
	-"бы легко разработать специализированную цифровую электронную схему («чип») "
	-"для выполнения преобразования. Конечно, это было бы значительно дороже, чем "
	-"написание программы на языке ассемблера."
	-
	-#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1766
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "The Output Counter"
	-msgstr "Счетчик вывода"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1771
	-msgid ""
	-"Because our file conversion program may be combining two characters into "
	-"one, we need to use an output counter. We initialize it to `0`, and "
	-"increase it every time we send a character to the output. At the end of the "
	-"program, the counter will tell us what size we need to set the file to."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Поскольку наша программа преобразования файлов может объединять два символа "
	-"в один, нам необходимо использовать счётчик вывода. Мы инициализируем его "
	-"значением `0` и увеличиваем каждый раз, когда отправляем символ на выход. В "
	-"конце программы счётчик укажет, какой размер необходимо установить для файла."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1773
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Implementing FSM in Software"
	-msgstr "Реализация конечного автомата в программном обеспечении"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1777
	-msgid ""
	-"The hardest part of working with a _finite state machine_ is analyzing the "
	-"problem and expressing it as a _finite state machine_. That accomplished, "
	-"the software almost writes itself."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Самая сложная часть работы с _конечным автоматом_ — это анализ задачи и её "
	-"представление в виде _конечного автомата_. После этого программное "
	-"обеспечение практически пишется само."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1780
	-msgid ""
	-"In a high-level language, such as C, there are several main approaches. One "
	-"is to use a `switch` statement which chooses what function should be run. "
	-"For example,"
	-msgstr ""
	-"На языке высокого уровня, таком как C, существует несколько основных "
	-"подходов. Один из них — использование оператора `switch`, который выбирает, "
	-"какую функцию следует выполнить. Например,"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1795
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"switch (state) {\n"
	-"\tdefault:\n"
	-"\tcase REGULAR:\n"
	-"\t\tregular(inputchar);\n"
	-"\t\tbreak;\n"
	-"\tcase CR:\n"
	-"\t\tcr(inputchar);\n"
	-"\t\tbreak;\n"
	-"\tcase LF:\n"
	-"\t\tlf(inputchar);\n"
	-"\t\tbreak;\n"
	-"\t}\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"switch (state) {\n"
	-"\tdefault:\n"
	-"\tcase REGULAR:\n"
	-"\t\tregular(inputchar);\n"
	-"\t\tbreak;\n"
	-"\tcase CR:\n"
	-"\t\tcr(inputchar);\n"
	-"\t\tbreak;\n"
	-"\tcase LF:\n"
	-"\t\tlf(inputchar);\n"
	-"\t\tbreak;\n"
	-"\t}\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1798
	-msgid ""
	-"Another approach is by using an array of function pointers, something like "
	-"this:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Еще один подход заключается в использовании массива указателей на функции, "
	-"например:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1802
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "(output[state])(inputchar);\n"
	-msgstr "(output[state])(inputchar);\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1805
	-msgid ""
	-"Yet another is to have `state` be a function pointer, set to point at the "
	-"appropriate function:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Еще один вариант — сделать `state` указателем на функцию, установив его на "
	-"соответствующую функцию:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1809
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "(*state)(inputchar);\n"
	-msgstr "(*state)(inputchar);\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1813
	-msgid ""
	-"This is the approach we will use in our program because it is very easy to "
	-"do in assembly language, and very fast, too. We will simply keep the "
	-"address of the right procedure in `EBX`, and then just issue:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это подход, который мы будем использовать в нашей программе, потому что его "
	-"очень легко реализовать на языке ассемблера, и он также очень быстрый. Мы "
	-"просто будем хранить адрес нужной процедуры в `EBX`, а затем выполним:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1817
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "call\tebx\n"
	-msgstr "call\tebx\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1821
	-msgid ""
	-"This is possibly faster than hardcoding the address in the code because the "
	-"microprocessor does not have to fetch the address from the memory-it is "
	-"already stored in one of its registers. I said _possibly_ because with the "
	-"caching modern microprocessors do, either way may be equally fast."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это возможно быстрее, чем жёстко задавать адрес в коде, потому что "
	-"микропроцессору не нужно извлекать адрес из памяти — он уже хранится в одном "
	-"из его регистров. Я сказал _возможно_, потому что с учётом кэширования, "
	-"которое выполняют современные микропроцессоры, оба варианта могут быть "
	-"одинаково быстрыми."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1823
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Memory Mapped Files"
	-msgstr "Отображенные в память файлы"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1827
	-msgid ""
	-"Because our program works on a single file, we cannot use the approach that "
	-"worked for us before, i.e., to read from an input file and to write to an "
	-"output file."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Поскольку наша программа работает с одним файлом, мы не можем использовать "
	-"подход, который работал ранее, то есть чтение из входного файла и запись в "
	-"выходной файл."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1835
	-msgid ""
	-"UNIX(R) allows us to map a file, or a section of a file, into memory. To do "
	-"that, we first need to open the file with the appropriate read/write flags. "
	-"Then we use the `mmap` system call to map it into the memory. One nice "
	-"thing about `mmap` is that it automatically works with virtual memory: We "
	-"can map more of the file into the memory than we have physical memory "
	-"available, yet still access it through regular memory op codes, such as "
	-"`mov`, `lods`, and `stos`. Whatever changes we make to the memory image of "
	-"the file will be written to the file by the system. We do not even have to "
	-"keep the file open: As long as it stays mapped, we can read from it and "
	-"write to it."
	-msgstr ""
	-"UNIX(R) позволяет нам отображать файл или его часть в память. Для этого "
	-"сначала необходимо открыть файл с соответствующими флагами чтения/записи. "
	-"Затем мы используем системный вызов `mmap`, чтобы отобразить его в память. "
	-"Одно из преимуществ `mmap` заключается в том, что он автоматически работает "
	-"с виртуальной памятью: мы можем отобразить в память больше файла, чем "
	-"имеется физической памяти, и при этом обращаться к нему с помощью обычных "
	-"команд работы с памятью, таких как `mov`, `lods` и `stos`. Все изменения, "
	-"внесённые в память, отображённую из файла, будут записаны в файл системой. "
	-"Нам даже не нужно держать файл открытым: пока он остаётся отображённым, мы "
	-"можем читать из него и записывать в него."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1838
	-msgid ""
	-"The 32-bit Intel microprocessors can access up to four gigabytes of memory - "
	-"physical or virtual. The FreeBSD system allows us to use up to a half of it "
	-"for file mapping."
	-msgstr ""
	-"32-разрядные микропроцессоры Intel могут адресовать до четырёх гигабайт "
	-"памяти — физической или виртуальной. Система FreeBSD позволяет использовать "
	-"до половины этого объёма для отображения файлов."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1842
	-msgid ""
	-"For simplicity sake, in this tutorial we will only convert files that can be "
	-"mapped into the memory in their entirety. There are probably not too many "
	-"text files that exceed two gigabytes in size. If our program encounters "
	-"one, it will simply display a message suggesting we use the original tuc "
	-"instead."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Для упрощения в этом руководстве мы будем преобразовывать только файлы, "
	-"которые могут быть полностью отображены в памяти. Вероятно, не так много "
	-"текстовых файлов превышают размер в два гигабайта. Если наша программа "
	-"встретит такой файл, она просто выведет сообщение с предложением "
	-"использовать оригинальный tuc."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1848
	-msgid ""
	-"If you examine your copy of [.filename]#syscalls.master#, you will find two "
	-"separate syscalls named `mmap`. This is because of evolution of UNIX(R): "
	-"There was the traditional BSD `mmap`, syscall 71. That one was superseded "
	-"by the POSIX(R) `mmap`, syscall 197. The FreeBSD system supports both "
	-"because older programs were written by using the original BSD version. But "
	-"new software uses the POSIX(R) version, which is what we will use."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если вы изучите свою копию файла [.filename]#syscalls.master#, вы найдёте "
	-"два отдельных системных вызова с именем `mmap`. Это связано с эволюцией "
	-"UNIX(R): существовал традиционный BSD `mmap`, системный вызов 71. Он был "
	-"заменён на POSIX(R) `mmap`, системный вызов 197. Система FreeBSD "
	-"поддерживает оба, поскольку старые программы были написаны с использованием "
	-"оригинальной BSD-версии. Но новое программное обеспечение использует версию "
	-"POSIX(R), которую мы и будем применять."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1850
	-msgid "The [.filename]#syscalls.master# lists the POSIX(R) version like this:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"В [.filename]#syscalls.master# POSIX(R) версия указана следующим образом:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1855
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"197\tSTD\tBSD\t{ caddr_t mmap(caddr_t addr, size_t len, int prot, \\\n"
	-"\t\t\t int flags, int fd, long pad, off_t pos); }\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"197\tSTD\tBSD\t{ caddr_t mmap(caddr_t addr, size_t len, int prot, \\\n"
	-"\t\t\t int flags, int fd, long pad, off_t pos); }\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1859
	-msgid ""
	-"This differs slightly from what man:mmap[2] says. That is because man:"
	-"mmap[2] describes the C version."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это немного отличается от того, что указано в man:mmap[2]. Это связано с "
	-"тем, что man:mmap[2] описывает версию на языке C."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1863
	-msgid ""
	-"The difference is in the `long pad` argument, which is not present in the C "
	-"version. However, the FreeBSD syscalls add a 32-bit pad after ``push``ing a "
	-"64-bit argument. In this case, `off_t` is a 64-bit value."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Разница заключается в аргументе `long pad`, который отсутствует в версии на "
	-"C. Однако системные вызовы FreeBSD добавляют 32-битный заполнитель после "
	-"``push`` 64-битного аргумента. В данном случае `off_t` является 64-битным "
	-"значением."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1865
	-msgid ""
	-"When we are finished working with a memory-mapped file, we unmap it with the "
	-"`munmap` syscall:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Когда мы завершаем работу с файлом, отображённым в память, мы освобождаем "
	-"его с помощью системного вызова `munmap`:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1869
	-msgid ""
	-"For an in-depth treatment of `mmap`, see W. Richard Stevens' http://www."
	-"int80h.org/cgi-bin/isbn?isbn=0130810819[Unix Network Programming, Volume 2, "
	-"Chapter 12]."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Для подробного изучения `mmap` см. http://www.int80h.org/cgi-bin/isbn?"
	-"isbn=0130810819[Unix Network Programming, Volume 2, Chapter 12] У. Ричарда "
	-"Стивенса."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1872
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Determining File Size"
	-msgstr "Определение размера файла"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1875
	-msgid ""
	-"Because we need to tell `mmap` how many bytes of the file to map into the "
	-"memory, and because we want to map the entire file, we need to determine the "
	-"size of the file."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Поскольку нам нужно указать `mmap`, сколько байт файла отобразить в памяти, "
	-"и поскольку мы хотим отобразить весь файл, нам необходимо определить его "
	-"размер."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1878
	-msgid ""
	-"We can use the `fstat` syscall to get all the information about an open file "
	-"that the system can give us. That includes the file size."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы можем использовать системный вызов `fstat` для получения всей информации "
	-"об открытом файле, которую система может нам предоставить. Это включает в "
	-"себя размер файла."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1881
	-msgid ""
	-"Again, [.filename]#syscalls.master# lists two versions of `fstat`, a "
	-"traditional one (syscall 62), and a POSIX(R) one (syscall 189). Naturally, "
	-"we will use the POSIX(R) version:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Вновь, в [.filename]#syscalls.master# указаны две версии `fstat`: "
	-"традиционная (системный вызов 62) и POSIX(R) (системный вызов 189). "
	-"Естественно, мы будем использовать версию POSIX(R):"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1885
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "189\tSTD\tPOSIX\t{ int fstat(int fd, struct stat *sb); }\n"
	-msgstr "189\tSTD\tPOSIX\t{ int fstat(int fd, struct stat *sb); }\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1889
	-msgid ""
	-"This is a very straightforward call: We pass to it the address of a `stat` "
	-"structure and the descriptor of an open file. It will fill out the contents "
	-"of the `stat` structure."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это очень простой вызов: мы передаем ему адрес структуры `stat` и дескриптор "
	-"открытого файла. Он заполнит содержимое структуры `stat`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1892
	-msgid ""
	-"I do, however, have to say that I tried to declare the `stat` structure in "
	-"the `.bss` section, and `fstat` did not like it: It set the carry flag "
	-"indicating an error. After I changed the code to allocate the structure on "
	-"the stack, everything was working fine."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Однако должен сказать, что я пытался объявить структуру `stat` в секции `."
	-"bss`, и `fstat` это не понравилось: был установлен флаг переноса, "
	-"указывающий на ошибку. После того как я изменил код, чтобы разместить "
	-"структуру в стеке, всё заработало как надо."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1894
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Changing the File Size"
	-msgstr "Изменение размера файла"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1898
	-msgid ""
	-"Because our program may combine carriage return / line feed sequences into "
	-"straight line feeds, our output may be smaller than our input. However, "
	-"since we are placing our output into the same file we read the input from, "
	-"we may have to change the size of the file."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Поскольку наша программа может объединять последовательности возврата "
	-"каретки / перевода строки в простые переводы строк, наш вывод может быть "
	-"меньше, чем ввод. Однако, так как мы помещаем вывод в тот же файл, из "
	-"которого читаем ввод, нам может потребоваться изменить размер файла."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1901
	-msgid ""
	-"The `ftruncate` system call allows us to do just that. Despite its somewhat "
	-"misleading name, the `ftruncate` system call can be used to both truncate "
	-"the file (make it smaller) and to grow it."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Системный вызов `ftruncate` позволяет нам сделать именно это. Несмотря на "
	-"название , несколько вводящее в заблуждение, системный вызов `ftruncate` "
	-"может использоваться как для усечения файла (уменьшения его размера), так и "
	-"для его увеличения."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1904
	-msgid ""
	-"And yes, we will find two versions of `ftruncate` in [.filename]#syscalls."
	-"master#, an older one (130), and a newer one (201). We will use the newer "
	-"one:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"И да, мы найдем две версии `ftruncate` в [.filename]#syscalls.master#, "
	-"старую (130) и новую (201). Мы будем использовать новую:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1908
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "201\tSTD\tBSD\t{ int ftruncate(int fd, int pad, off_t length); }\n"
	-msgstr "201\tSTD\tBSD\t{ int ftruncate(int fd, int pad, off_t length); }\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1911
	-msgid "Please note that this one contains a `int pad` again."
	-msgstr "Обратите внимание, что здесь снова присутствует `int pad`."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1913
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "ftuc"
	-msgstr "ftuc"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1918
	-msgid ""
	-"We now know everything we need to write ftuc. We start by adding some new "
	-"lines in [.filename]#system.inc#. First, we define some constants and "
	-"structures, somewhere at or near the beginning of the file:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Теперь мы знаем всё, что нужно для написания ftuc. Начнём с добавления "
	-"нескольких новых строк в [.filename]#system.inc#. Сначала определим "
	-"некоторые константы и структуры, где-нибудь в начале или около начала файла:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1925
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-";;;;;;; open flags\n"
	-"%define\tO_RDONLY\t0\n"
	-"%define\tO_WRONLY\t1\n"
	-"%define\tO_RDWR\t2\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-";;;;;;; open flags\n"
	-"%define\tO_RDONLY\t0\n"
	-"%define\tO_WRONLY\t1\n"
	-"%define\tO_RDWR\t2\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1934
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-";;;;;;; mmap flags\n"
	-"%define\tPROT_NONE\t0\n"
	-"%define\tPROT_READ\t1\n"
	-"%define\tPROT_WRITE\t2\n"
	-"%define\tPROT_EXEC\t4\n"
	-";;\n"
	-"%define\tMAP_SHARED\t0001h\n"
	-"%define\tMAP_PRIVATE\t0002h\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-";;;;;;; mmap flags\n"
	-"%define\tPROT_NONE\t0\n"
	-"%define\tPROT_READ\t1\n"
	-"%define\tPROT_WRITE\t2\n"
	-"%define\tPROT_EXEC\t4\n"
	-";;\n"
	-"%define\tMAP_SHARED\t0001h\n"
	-"%define\tMAP_PRIVATE\t0002h\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1958
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-";;;;;;; stat structure\n"
	-"struc\tstat\n"
	-"st_dev\t\tresd\t1\t; = 0\n"
	-"st_ino\t\tresd\t1\t; = 4\n"
	-"st_mode\t\tresw\t1\t; = 8, size is 16 bits\n"
	-"st_nlink\tresw\t1\t; = 10, ditto\n"
	-"st_uid\t\tresd\t1\t; = 12\n"
	-"st_gid\t\tresd\t1\t; = 16\n"
	-"st_rdev\t\tresd\t1\t; = 20\n"
	-"st_atime\tresd\t1\t; = 24\n"
	-"st_atimensec\tresd\t1\t; = 28\n"
	-"st_mtime\tresd\t1\t; = 32\n"
	-"st_mtimensec\tresd\t1\t; = 36\n"
	-"st_ctime\tresd\t1\t; = 40\n"
	-"st_ctimensec\tresd\t1\t; = 44\n"
	-"st_size\t\tresd\t2\t; = 48, size is 64 bits\n"
	-"st_blocks\tresd\t2\t; = 56, ditto\n"
	-"st_blksize\tresd\t1\t; = 64\n"
	-"st_flags\tresd\t1\t; = 68\n"
	-"st_gen\t\tresd\t1\t; = 72\n"
	-"st_lspare\tresd\t1\t; = 76\n"
	-"st_qspare\tresd\t4\t; = 80\n"
	-"endstruc\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-";;;;;;; stat structure\n"
	-"struc\tstat\n"
	-"st_dev\t\tresd\t1\t; = 0\n"
	-"st_ino\t\tresd\t1\t; = 4\n"
	-"st_mode\t\tresw\t1\t; = 8, size is 16 bits\n"
	-"st_nlink\tresw\t1\t; = 10, ditto\n"
	-"st_uid\t\tresd\t1\t; = 12\n"
	-"st_gid\t\tresd\t1\t; = 16\n"
	-"st_rdev\t\tresd\t1\t; = 20\n"
	-"st_atime\tresd\t1\t; = 24\n"
	-"st_atimensec\tresd\t1\t; = 28\n"
	-"st_mtime\tresd\t1\t; = 32\n"
	-"st_mtimensec\tresd\t1\t; = 36\n"
	-"st_ctime\tresd\t1\t; = 40\n"
	-"st_ctimensec\tresd\t1\t; = 44\n"
	-"st_size\t\tresd\t2\t; = 48, size is 64 bits\n"
	-"st_blocks\tresd\t2\t; = 56, ditto\n"
	-"st_blksize\tresd\t1\t; = 64\n"
	-"st_flags\tresd\t1\t; = 68\n"
	-"st_gen\t\tresd\t1\t; = 72\n"
	-"st_lspare\tresd\t1\t; = 76\n"
	-"st_qspare\tresd\t4\t; = 80\n"
	-"endstruc\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1961
	-msgid "We define the new syscalls:"
	-msgstr "Мы определяем новые системные вызовы:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1968
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"%define\tSYS_mmap\t197\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_munmap\t73\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_fstat\t189\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_ftruncate\t201\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"%define\tSYS_mmap\t197\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_munmap\t73\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_fstat\t189\n"
	-"%define\tSYS_ftruncate\t201\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1971
	-msgid "We add the macros for their use:"
	-msgstr "Добавляем макросы для их использования:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1977
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"%macro\tsys.mmap\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_mmap\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"%macro\tsys.mmap\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_mmap\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1981
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"%macro\tsys.munmap\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_munmap\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"%macro\tsys.munmap\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_munmap\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1985
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"%macro\tsys.ftruncate\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_ftruncate\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"%macro\tsys.ftruncate\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_ftruncate\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1989
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"%macro\tsys.fstat\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_fstat\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"%macro\tsys.fstat\t0\n"
	-"\tsystem\tSYS_fstat\n"
	-"%endmacro\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:1992
	-msgid "And here is our code:"
	-msgstr "И вот наш код:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2005
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-";;;;;;; Fast Text-to-Unix Conversion (ftuc.asm) ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	-";;\n"
	-";; Started:\t21-Dec-2000\n"
	-";; Updated:\t22-Dec-2000\n"
	-";;\n"
	-";; Copyright 2000 G. Adam Stanislav.\n"
	-";; All rights reserved.\n"
	-";;\n"
	-";;;;;;; v.1 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	-"%include\t'system.inc'\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-";;;;;;; Fast Text-to-Unix Conversion (ftuc.asm) ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	-";;\n"
	-";; Started:\t21-Dec-2000\n"
	-";; Updated:\t22-Dec-2000\n"
	-";;\n"
	-";; Copyright 2000 G. Adam Stanislav.\n"
	-";; All rights reserved.\n"
	-";;\n"
	-";;;;;;; v.1 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	-"%include\t'system.inc'\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2019
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"section\t.data\n"
	-"\tdb\t'Copyright 2000 G. Adam Stanislav.', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'All rights reserved.', 0Ah\n"
	-"usg\tdb\t'Usage: ftuc filename', 0Ah\n"
	-"usglen\tequ\t$-usg\n"
	-"co\tdb\t\"ftuc: Can't open file.\", 0Ah\n"
	-"colen\tequ\t$-co\n"
	-"fae\tdb\t'ftuc: File access error.', 0Ah\n"
	-"faelen\tequ\t$-fae\n"
	-"ftl\tdb\t'ftuc: File too long, use regular tuc instead.', 0Ah\n"
	-"ftllen\tequ\t$-ftl\n"
	-"mae\tdb\t'ftuc: Memory allocation error.', 0Ah\n"
	-"maelen\tequ\t$-mae\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"section\t.data\n"
	-"\tdb\t'Copyright 2000 G. Adam Stanislav.', 0Ah\n"
	-"\tdb\t'All rights reserved.', 0Ah\n"
	-"usg\tdb\t'Usage: ftuc filename', 0Ah\n"
	-"usglen\tequ\t$-usg\n"
	-"co\tdb\t\"ftuc: Can't open file.\", 0Ah\n"
	-"colen\tequ\t$-co\n"
	-"fae\tdb\t'ftuc: File access error.', 0Ah\n"
	-"faelen\tequ\t$-fae\n"
	-"ftl\tdb\t'ftuc: File too long, use regular tuc instead.', 0Ah\n"
	-"ftllen\tequ\t$-ftl\n"
	-"mae\tdb\t'ftuc: Memory allocation error.', 0Ah\n"
	-"maelen\tequ\t$-mae\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2021
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "section\t.text\n"
	-msgstr "section\t.text\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2027
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"memerr:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword maelen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword mae\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort error\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"memerr:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword maelen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword mae\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort error\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2033
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"toolong:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword ftllen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword ftl\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort error\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"toolong:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword ftllen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword ftl\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort error\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2039
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"facerr:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword faelen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword fae\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort error\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"facerr:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword faelen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword fae\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort error\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2045
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"cantopen:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword colen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword co\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort error\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"cantopen:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword colen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword co\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort error\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2050
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"usage:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword usglen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword usg\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"usage:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword usglen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword usg\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2054
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"error:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stderr\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"error:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stderr\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2057
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tpush\tdword 1\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tpush\tdword 1\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2065
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"global\t_start\n"
	-"_start:\n"
	-"\tpop\teax\t\t; argc\n"
	-"\tpop\teax\t\t; program name\n"
	-"\tpop\tecx\t\t; file to convert\n"
	-"\tjecxz\tusage\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"global\t_start\n"
	-"_start:\n"
	-"\tpop\teax\t\t; argc\n"
	-"\tpop\teax\t\t; program name\n"
	-"\tpop\tecx\t\t; file to convert\n"
	-"\tjecxz\tusage\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2069
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tpop\teax\n"
	-"\tor\teax, eax\t; Too many arguments?\n"
	-"\tjne\tusage\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tpop\teax\n"
	-"\tor\teax, eax\t; Too many arguments?\n"
	-"\tjne\tusage\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2075
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Open the file\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword O_RDWR\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tsys.open\n"
	-"\tjc\tcantopen\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Open the file\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword O_RDWR\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tsys.open\n"
	-"\tjc\tcantopen\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2077
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "\tmov\tebp, eax\t; Save fd\n"
	-msgstr "\tmov\tebp, eax\t; Save fd\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2080
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tsub\tesp, byte stat_size\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, esp\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tsub\tesp, byte stat_size\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, esp\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2086
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Find file size\n"
	-"\tpush\tebx\n"
	-"\tpush\tebp\t\t; fd\n"
	-"\tsys.fstat\n"
	-"\tjc\tfacerr\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Find file size\n"
	-"\tpush\tebx\n"
	-"\tpush\tebp\t\t; fd\n"
	-"\tsys.fstat\n"
	-"\tjc\tfacerr\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2088
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "\tmov\tedx, [ebx + st_size + 4]\n"
	-msgstr "\tmov\tedx, [ebx + st_size + 4]\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2096
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; File is too long if EDX != 0 ...\n"
	-"\tor\tedx, edx\n"
	-"\tjne\tnear toolong\n"
	-"\tmov\tecx, [ebx + st_size]\n"
	-"\t; ... or if it is above 2 GB\n"
	-"\tor\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tjs\tnear toolong\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; File is too long if EDX != 0 ...\n"
	-"\tor\tedx, edx\n"
	-"\tjne\tnear toolong\n"
	-"\tmov\tecx, [ebx + st_size]\n"
	-"\t; ... or if it is above 2 GB\n"
	-"\tor\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tjs\tnear toolong\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2099
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Do nothing if the file is 0 bytes in size\n"
	-"\tjecxz\t.quit\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Do nothing if the file is 0 bytes in size\n"
	-"\tjecxz\t.quit\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2111
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Map the entire file in memory\n"
	-"\tpush\tedx\n"
	-"\tpush\tedx\t\t; starting at offset 0\n"
	-"\tpush\tedx\t\t; pad\n"
	-"\tpush\tebp\t\t; fd\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword MAP_SHARED\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword PROT_READ \| PROT_WRITE\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\t\t; entire file size\n"
	-"\tpush\tedx\t\t; let system decide on the address\n"
	-"\tsys.mmap\n"
	-"\tjc\tnear memerr\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Map the entire file in memory\n"
	-"\tpush\tedx\n"
	-"\tpush\tedx\t\t; starting at offset 0\n"
	-"\tpush\tedx\t\t; pad\n"
	-"\tpush\tebp\t\t; fd\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword MAP_SHARED\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword PROT_READ \| PROT_WRITE\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\t\t; entire file size\n"
	-"\tpush\tedx\t\t; let system decide on the address\n"
	-"\tsys.mmap\n"
	-"\tjc\tnear memerr\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2116
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tmov\tedi, eax\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, eax\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\t\t; for SYS_munmap\n"
	-"\tpush\tedi\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tmov\tedi, eax\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, eax\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\t\t; for SYS_munmap\n"
	-"\tpush\tedi\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2121
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Use EBX for state machine\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, ordinary\n"
	-"\tmov\tah, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tcld\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Use EBX for state machine\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, ordinary\n"
	-"\tmov\tah, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tcld\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2126
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".loop:\n"
	-"\tlodsb\n"
	-"\tcall\tebx\n"
	-"\tloop\t.loop\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".loop:\n"
	-"\tlodsb\n"
	-"\tcall\tebx\n"
	-"\tloop\t.loop\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2129
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tcmp\tebx, ordinary\n"
	-"\tje\t.filesize\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tcmp\tebx, ordinary\n"
	-"\tje\t.filesize\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2134
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Output final lf\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, ah\n"
	-"\tstosb\n"
	-"\tinc\tedx\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Output final lf\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, ah\n"
	-"\tstosb\n"
	-"\tinc\tedx\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2142
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".filesize:\n"
	-"\t; truncate file to new size\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0\t\t; high dword\n"
	-"\tpush\tedx\t\t; low dword\n"
	-"\tpush\teax\t\t; pad\n"
	-"\tpush\tebp\n"
	-"\tsys.ftruncate\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".filesize:\n"
	-"\t; truncate file to new size\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0\t\t; high dword\n"
	-"\tpush\tedx\t\t; low dword\n"
	-"\tpush\teax\t\t; pad\n"
	-"\tpush\tebp\n"
	-"\tsys.ftruncate\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2145
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; close it (ebp still pushed)\n"
	-"\tsys.close\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; close it (ebp still pushed)\n"
	-"\tsys.close\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2148
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 16\n"
	-"\tsys.munmap\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 16\n"
	-"\tsys.munmap\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2152
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".quit:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".quit:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2157
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"ordinary:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 0Dh\n"
	-"\tje\t.cr\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"ordinary:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 0Dh\n"
	-"\tje\t.cr\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2160
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2182
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tcmp\tal, ah\n"
	-"\tje\t.lf\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tcmp\tal, ah\n"
	-"\tje\t.lf\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2164
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tstosb\n"
	-"\tinc\tedx\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tstosb\n"
	-"\tinc\tedx\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2169
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".cr:\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, cr\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".cr:\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, cr\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2174
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".lf:\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, lf\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".lf:\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, lf\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2179
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"cr:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 0Dh\n"
	-"\tje\t.cr\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"cr:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 0Dh\n"
	-"\tje\t.cr\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2186
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2214
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\txchg\tal, ah\n"
	-"\tstosb\n"
	-"\tinc\tedx\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\txchg\tal, ah\n"
	-"\tstosb\n"
	-"\tinc\tedx\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2189
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\txchg\tal, ah\n"
	-"\t; fall through\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\txchg\tal, ah\n"
	-"\t; fall through\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2195
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".lf:\n"
	-"\tstosb\n"
	-"\tinc\tedx\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, ordinary\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".lf:\n"
	-"\tstosb\n"
	-"\tinc\tedx\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, ordinary\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2202
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".cr:\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, ah\n"
	-"\tstosb\n"
	-"\tinc\tedx\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".cr:\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, ah\n"
	-"\tstosb\n"
	-"\tinc\tedx\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2207
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"lf:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, ah\n"
	-"\tje\t.lf\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"lf:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, ah\n"
	-"\tje\t.lf\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2210
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tcmp\tal, 0Dh\n"
	-"\tje\t.cr\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tcmp\tal, 0Dh\n"
	-"\tje\t.cr\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2220
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\txchg\tal, ah\n"
	-"\tstosb\n"
	-"\tinc\tedx\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, ordinary\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\txchg\tal, ah\n"
	-"\tstosb\n"
	-"\tinc\tedx\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, ordinary\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2226
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".cr:\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, ordinary\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, ah\n"
	-"\t; fall through\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".cr:\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, ordinary\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, ah\n"
	-"\t; fall through\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2231
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".lf:\n"
	-"\tstosb\n"
	-"\tinc\tedx\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".lf:\n"
	-"\tstosb\n"
	-"\tinc\tedx\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2238
	-msgid ""
	-"Do not use this program on files stored on a disk formatted by MS-DOS(R) or "
	-"Windows(R). There seems to be a subtle bug in the FreeBSD code when using "
	-"`mmap` on these drives mounted under FreeBSD: If the file is over a certain "
	-"size, `mmap` will just fill the memory with zeros, and then copy them to the "
	-"file overwriting its contents."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Не используйте эту программу для файлов, хранящихся на диске, "
	-"отформатированном в MS-DOS(R) или Windows(R). В коде FreeBSD присутствует "
	-"неочевидная ошибка при использовании `mmap` на таких дисках, смонтированных "
	-"в FreeBSD: если размер файла превышает определённое значение, `mmap` "
	-"заполнит память нулями, а затем запишет их в файл, перезаписав его "
	-"содержимое."
	-
	-#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2241
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "One-Pointed Mind"
	-msgstr "Спокойствие ума"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2244
	-msgid ""
	-"As a student of Zen, I like the idea of a one-pointed mind: Do one thing at "
	-"a time, and do it well."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Как ученик дзэн, мне нравится идея спокойствия ума (экаггата): делай одно "
	-"дело за раз и делай его хорошо."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2247
	-msgid ""
	-"This, indeed, is very much how UNIX(R) works as well. While a typical "
	-"Windows(R) application is attempting to do everything imaginable (and is, "
	-"therefore, riddled with bugs), a typical UNIX(R) program does only one "
	-"thing, and it does it well."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Вот именно так, в большинстве случаев, работает и UNIX(R). В то время как "
	-"типичное приложение Windows(R) пытается сделать всё, что только можно (и "
	-"поэтому кишит ошибками), типичная программа UNIX(R) делает только одну вещь, "
	-"но делает её хорошо."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2249
	-msgid ""
	-"The typical UNIX(R) user then essentially assembles his own applications by "
	-"writing a shell script which combines the various existing programs by "
	-"piping the output of one program to the input of another."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Типичный пользователь UNIX(R) по сути собирает свои собственные приложения, "
	-"написав shell-скрипт, который объединяет различные существующие программы, "
	-"передавая вывод одной программы на вход другой."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2251
	-msgid ""
	-"When writing your own UNIX(R) software, it is generally a good idea to see "
	-"what parts of the problem you need to solve can be handled by existing "
	-"programs, and only write your own programs for that part of the problem that "
	-"you do not have an existing solution for."
	-msgstr ""
	-"При написании собственного программного обеспечения для UNIX(R) обычно "
	-"рекомендуется определить, какие части решаемой задачи могут быть обработаны "
	-"существующими программами, и создавать собственные программы только для той "
	-"части задачи, для которой нет готового решения."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2253
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "CSV"
	-msgstr "CSV"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2256
	-msgid ""
	-"I will illustrate this principle with a specific real-life example I was "
	-"faced with recently:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Я проиллюстрирую этот принцип конкретным примером из реальной жизни, с "
	-"которым недавно столкнулся:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2260
	-msgid ""
	-"I needed to extract the 11th field of each record from a database I "
	-"downloaded from a web site. The database was a CSV file, i.e., a list of "
	-"_comma-separated values_. That is quite a standard format for sharing data "
	-"among people who may be using different database software."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мне нужно было извлечь 11-е поле каждой записи из базы данных, которую я "
	-"загрузил с веб-сайта. База данных представляла собой CSV-файл, то есть "
	-"список _значений, разделённых запятыми_. Это довольно стандартный формат для "
	-"обмена данными между людьми, которые могут использовать разное программное "
	-"обеспечение для работы с базами данных."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2263
	-msgid ""
	-"The first line of the file contains the list of various fields separated by "
	-"commas. The rest of the file contains the data listed line by line, with "
	-"values separated by commas."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Первая строка файла содержит список различных полей, разделенных запятыми. "
	-"Остальная часть файла содержит данные, перечисленные построчно, со "
	-"значениями, разделенными запятыми."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2265
	-msgid ""
	-"I tried awk, using the comma as a separator. But because several lines "
	-"contained a quoted comma, awk was extracting the wrong field from those "
	-"lines."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Я попробовал awk, используя запятую в качестве разделителя. Но поскольку "
	-"несколько строк содержали запятую в кавычках, awk извлекал неправильное поле "
	-"из этих строк."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2268
	-msgid ""
	-"Therefore, I needed to write my own software to extract the 11th field from "
	-"the CSV file. However, going with the UNIX(R) spirit, I only needed to "
	-"write a simple filter that would do the following:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Следовательно, мне нужно было написать собственное программное обеспечение "
	-"для извлечения 11-го поля из CSV-файла. Однако, следуя духу UNIX(R), мне "
	-"нужно было лишь создать простой фильтр, выполняющий следующие действия:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2270
	-msgid "Remove the first line from the file;"
	-msgstr "Удалить первую строку из файла;"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2271
	-msgid "Change all unquoted commas to a different character;"
	-msgstr "Заменить все не заключённые в кавычки запятые на другой символ;"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2272
	-msgid "Remove all quotation marks."
	-msgstr "Удалить все кавычки."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2274
	-msgid ""
	-"Strictly speaking, I could use sed to remove the first line from the file, "
	-"but doing so in my own program was very easy, so I decided to do it and "
	-"reduce the size of the pipeline."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Строго говоря, я мог бы использовать sed для удаления первой строки из "
	-"файла, но сделать это в моей собственной программе было очень просто, "
	-"поэтому я решил так поступить и уменьшить размер конвейера."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2278
	-msgid ""
	-"At any rate, writing a program like this took me about 20 minutes. Writing "
	-"a program that extracts the 11th field from the CSV file would take a lot "
	-"longer, and I could not reuse it to extract some other field from some other "
	-"database."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В любом случае, написание подобной программы заняло у меня около 20 минут. "
	-"Написание программы, которая извлекает 11-е поле из CSV-файла, заняло бы "
	-"гораздо больше времени, и я не смог бы повторно использовать её для "
	-"извлечения другого поля из другой базы данных."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2280
	-msgid ""
	-"This time I decided to let it do a little more work than a typical tutorial "
	-"program would:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"На этот раз я решил позволить ей выполнить немного больше работы, чем "
	-"обычная учебная программа:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2282
	-msgid "It parses its command line for options;"
	-msgstr "Она анализирует свою командную строку на наличие опций;"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2283
	-msgid "It displays proper usage if it finds wrong arguments;"
	-msgstr "Она отображает подсказку, если обнаруживает неверные аргументы;"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2284
	-msgid "It produces meaningful error messages."
	-msgstr "Она выдает понятные сообщения об ошибках."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2286
	-msgid "Here is its usage message:"
	-msgstr "Вот какое сообщение она выводит о том, как её использовать:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2290
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Usage: csv [-t<delim>] [-c<comma>] [-p] [-o <outfile>] [-i <infile>]\n"
	-msgstr "Usage: csv [-t<delim>] [-c<comma>] [-p] [-o <outfile>] [-i <infile>]\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2293
	-msgid "All parameters are optional, and can appear in any order."
	-msgstr "Все параметры необязательны и могут располагаться в любом порядке."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2297
	-msgid ""
	-"The `-t` parameter declares what to replace the commas with. The `tab` is "
	-"the default here. For example, `-t;` will replace all unquoted commas with "
	-"semicolons."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Параметр `-t` указывает, на что заменить запятые. По умолчанию используется "
	-"`tab`. Например, `-t;` заменит все незакавыченные запятые на точку с запятой."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2301
	-msgid ""
	-"I did not need the `-c` option, but it may come in handy in the future. It "
	-"lets me declare that I want a character other than a comma replaced with "
	-"something else. For example, `-c@` will replace all at signs (useful if you "
	-"want to split a list of email addresses to their user names and domains)."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мне не понадобилась опция `-c`, но в будущем она может пригодиться. Она "
	-"позволяет указать, что я хочу заменить символ, отличный от запятой, на что-"
	-"то другое. Например, `-c@` заменит все знаки @ (полезно, если нужно "
	-"разделить список email-адресов на имена пользователей и домены)."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2304
	-msgid ""
	-"The `-p` option preserves the first line, i.e., it does not delete it. By "
	-"default, we delete the first line because in a CSV file it contains the "
	-"field names rather than data."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Опция `-p` сохраняет первую строку, т.е. не удаляет её. По умолчанию мы "
	-"удаляем первую строку, потому что в CSV-файле она содержит названия полей, а "
	-"не данные."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2307
	-msgid ""
	-"The `-i` and `-o` options let me specify the input and the output files. "
	-"Defaults are [.filename]#stdin# and [.filename]#stdout#, so this is a "
	-"regular UNIX(R) filter."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Опции `-i` и `-o` позволяют указать входной и выходной файлы. По умолчанию "
	-"используются [.filename]#stdin# и [.filename]#stdout#, как обычно работает "
	-"стандартный фильтр UNIX(R)."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2310
	-msgid ""
	-"I made sure that both `-i filename` and `-ifilename` are accepted. I also "
	-"made sure that only one input and one output files may be specified."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Я убедился, что принимаются как `-i filename`, так и `-ifilename`. Также я "
	-"убедился, что может быть указан только один входной и один выходной файл."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2312
	-msgid "To get the 11th field of each record, I can now do:"
	-msgstr "Чтобы получить 11-е поле каждой записи, теперь я могу сделать:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2316
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "% csv '-t;' data.csv \| awk '-F;' '{print $11}'\n"
	-msgstr "% csv '-t;' data.csv \| awk '-F;' '{print $11}'\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2319
	-msgid ""
	-"The code stores the options (except for the file descriptors) in `EDX`: The "
	-"comma in `DH`, the new separator in `DL`, and the flag for the `-p` option "
	-"in the highest bit of `EDX`, so a check for its sign will give us a quick "
	-"decision what to do."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Код сохраняет параметры (за исключением файловых дескрипторов) в `EDX`: "
	-"запятая в `DH`, новый разделитель в `DL`, а флаг параметра `-p` в старшем "
	-"бите `EDX`, поэтому проверка его знака даст нам быстрое решение о дальнейших "
	-"действиях."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2321
	-msgid "Here is the code:"
	-msgstr "Вот код:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2335
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-";;;;;;; csv.asm ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Convert a comma-separated file to a something-else separated file.\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Started:\t31-May-2001\n"
	-"; Updated:\t 1-Jun-2001\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Copyright (c) 2001 G. Adam Stanislav\n"
	-"; All rights reserved.\n"
	-";\n"
	-";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-";;;;;;; csv.asm ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Convert a comma-separated file to a something-else separated file.\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Started:\t31-May-2001\n"
	-"; Updated:\t 1-Jun-2001\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Copyright (c) 2001 G. Adam Stanislav\n"
	-"; All rights reserved.\n"
	-";\n"
	-";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2349
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"section\t.data\n"
	-"fd.in\tdd\tstdin\n"
	-"fd.out\tdd\tstdout\n"
	-"usg\tdb\t'Usage: csv [-t<delim>] [-c<comma>] [-p] [-o <outfile>] [-i <infile>]', 0Ah\n"
	-"usglen\tequ\t$-usg\n"
	-"iemsg\tdb\t\"csv: Can't open input file\", 0Ah\n"
	-"iemlen\tequ\t$-iemsg\n"
	-"oemsg\tdb\t\"csv: Can't create output file\", 0Ah\n"
	-"oemlen\tequ\t$-oemsg\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"section\t.data\n"
	-"fd.in\tdd\tstdin\n"
	-"fd.out\tdd\tstdout\n"
	-"usg\tdb\t'Usage: csv [-t<delim>] [-c<comma>] [-p] [-o <outfile>] [-i <infile>]', 0Ah\n"
	-"usglen\tequ\t$-usg\n"
	-"iemsg\tdb\t\"csv: Can't open input file\", 0Ah\n"
	-"iemlen\tequ\t$-iemsg\n"
	-"oemsg\tdb\t\"csv: Can't create output file\", 0Ah\n"
	-"oemlen\tequ\t$-oemsg\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2363
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"section\t.text\n"
	-"align 4\n"
	-"ierr:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword iemlen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword iemsg\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stderr\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 1\t\t; return failure\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"section\t.text\n"
	-"align 4\n"
	-"ierr:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword iemlen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword iemsg\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stderr\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 1\t\t; return failure\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2372
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3421
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"oerr:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword oemlen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword oemsg\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stderr\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 2\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"oerr:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword oemlen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword oemsg\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stderr\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 2\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2381
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3430
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"usage:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword usglen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword usg\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stderr\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 3\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"usage:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword usglen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword usg\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stderr\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 3\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2387
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"global\t_start\n"
	-"_start:\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 8\t; discard argc and argv[0]\n"
	-"\tmov\tedx, (',' << 8) \| 9\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"global\t_start\n"
	-"_start:\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 8\t; discard argc and argv[0]\n"
	-"\tmov\tedx, (',' << 8) \| 9\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2392
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".arg:\n"
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tor\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tje\tnear .init\t\t; no more arguments\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".arg:\n"
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tor\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tje\tnear .init\t\t; no more arguments\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2396
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3445
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; ECX contains the pointer to an argument\n"
	-"\tcmp\tbyte [ecx], '-'\n"
	-"\tjne\tusage\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; ECX contains the pointer to an argument\n"
	-"\tcmp\tbyte [ecx], '-'\n"
	-"\tjne\tusage\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2399
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tinc\tecx\n"
	-"\tmov\tax, [ecx]\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tinc\tecx\n"
	-"\tmov\tax, [ecx]\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2403
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3453
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".o:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 'o'\n"
	-"\tjne\t.i\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".o:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 'o'\n"
	-"\tjne\t.i\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2407
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3457
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Make sure we are not asked for the output file twice\n"
	-"\tcmp\tdword [fd.out], stdout\n"
	-"\tjne\tusage\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Make sure we are not asked for the output file twice\n"
	-"\tcmp\tdword [fd.out], stdout\n"
	-"\tjne\tusage\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2412
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3462
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Find the path to output file - it is either at [ECX+1],\n"
	-"\t; i.e., -ofile --\n"
	-"\t; or in the next argument,\n"
	-"\t; i.e., -o file\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Find the path to output file - it is either at [ECX+1],\n"
	-"\t; i.e., -ofile --\n"
	-"\t; or in the next argument,\n"
	-"\t; i.e., -o file\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2418
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tinc\tecx\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tjne\t.openoutput\n"
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tjecxz\tusage\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tinc\tecx\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tjne\t.openoutput\n"
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tjecxz\tusage\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2426
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3475
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".openoutput:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 420\t; file mode (644 octal)\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0200h \| 0400h \| 01h\n"
	-"\t; O_CREAT \| O_TRUNC \| O_WRONLY\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tsys.open\n"
	-"\tjc\tnear oerr\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".openoutput:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 420\t; file mode (644 octal)\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0200h \| 0400h \| 01h\n"
	-"\t; O_CREAT \| O_TRUNC \| O_WRONLY\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tsys.open\n"
	-"\tjc\tnear oerr\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2430
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3479
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tmov\t[fd.out], eax\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .arg\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tmov\t[fd.out], eax\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .arg\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2434
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3483
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".i:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 'i'\n"
	-"\tjne\t.p\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".i:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 'i'\n"
	-"\tjne\t.p\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2438
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3487
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Make sure we are not asked twice\n"
	-"\tcmp\tdword [fd.in], stdin\n"
	-"\tjne\tnear usage\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Make sure we are not asked twice\n"
	-"\tcmp\tdword [fd.in], stdin\n"
	-"\tjne\tnear usage\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2446
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Find the path to the input file\n"
	-"\tinc\tecx\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tjne\t.openinput\n"
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tor\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tje near usage\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Find the path to the input file\n"
	-"\tinc\tecx\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tjne\t.openinput\n"
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tor\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tje near usage\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2452
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3500
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".openinput:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0\t\t; O_RDONLY\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tsys.open\n"
	-"\tjc\tnear ierr\t\t; open failed\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".openinput:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 0\t\t; O_RDONLY\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tsys.open\n"
	-"\tjc\tnear ierr\t\t; open failed\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2456
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3504
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 8\n"
	-"\tmov\t[fd.in], eax\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.arg\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 8\n"
	-"\tmov\t[fd.in], eax\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.arg\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2464
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".p:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 'p'\n"
	-"\tjne\t.t\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tjne\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tor\tedx, 1 << 31\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.arg\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".p:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 'p'\n"
	-"\tjne\t.t\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tjne\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tor\tedx, 1 << 31\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.arg\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2472
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".t:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 't'\t\t; redefine output delimiter\n"
	-"\tjne\t.c\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tje\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tmov\tdl, ah\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.arg\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".t:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 't'\t\t; redefine output delimiter\n"
	-"\tjne\t.c\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tje\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tmov\tdl, ah\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.arg\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2480
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".c:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 'c'\n"
	-"\tjne\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tje\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tmov\tdh, ah\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.arg\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".c:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 'c'\n"
	-"\tjne\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tje\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tmov\tdh, ah\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.arg\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2487
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".init:\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tsub\tebx, ebx\n"
	-"\tsub\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tmov\tedi, obuffer\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".init:\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tsub\tebx, ebx\n"
	-"\tsub\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tmov\tedi, obuffer\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2491
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; See if we are to preserve the first line\n"
	-"\tor\tedx, edx\n"
	-"\tjs\t.loop\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; See if we are to preserve the first line\n"
	-"\tor\tedx, edx\n"
	-"\tjs\t.loop\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2497
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".firstline:\n"
	-"\t; get rid of the first line\n"
	-"\tcall\tgetchar\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tjne\t.firstline\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".firstline:\n"
	-"\t; get rid of the first line\n"
	-"\tcall\tgetchar\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tjne\t.firstline\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2505
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; is it a comma (or whatever the user asked for)?\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, dh\n"
	-"\tjne\t.quote\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; is it a comma (or whatever the user asked for)?\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, dh\n"
	-"\tjne\t.quote\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2508
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Replace the comma with a tab (or whatever the user wants)\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, dl\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Replace the comma with a tab (or whatever the user wants)\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, dl\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2516
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".quote:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '\"'\n"
	-"\tjne\t.put\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".quote:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '\"'\n"
	-"\tjne\t.put\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2523
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Print everything until you get another quote or EOL. If it\n"
	-"\t; is a quote, skip it. If it is EOL, print it.\n"
	-".qloop:\n"
	-"\tcall\tgetchar\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '\"'\n"
	-"\tje\t.loop\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Print everything until you get another quote or EOL. If it\n"
	-"\t; is a quote, skip it. If it is EOL, print it.\n"
	-".qloop:\n"
	-"\tcall\tgetchar\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '\"'\n"
	-"\tje\t.loop\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2526
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tcmp\tal, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tje\t.put\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tcmp\tal, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tje\t.put\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2529
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .qloop\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .qloop\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2545
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3860
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"read:\n"
	-"\tjecxz\t.read\n"
	-"\tcall\twrite\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"read:\n"
	-"\tjecxz\t.read\n"
	-"\tcall\twrite\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2558
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".read:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword BUFSIZE\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, ibuffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tesi\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword [fd.in]\n"
	-"\tsys.read\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, eax\n"
	-"\tor\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tje\t.done\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".read:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword BUFSIZE\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, ibuffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tesi\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword [fd.in]\n"
	-"\tsys.read\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, eax\n"
	-"\tor\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tje\t.done\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2595
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3901
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"write:\n"
	-"\tjecxz\t.ret\t; nothing to write\n"
	-"\tsub\tedi, ecx\t; start of buffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tpush\tedi\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword [fd.out]\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tsub\tecx, ecx\t; buffer is empty now\n"
	-".ret:\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"write:\n"
	-"\tjecxz\t.ret\t; nothing to write\n"
	-"\tsub\tedi, ecx\t; start of buffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tpush\tedi\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword [fd.out]\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tsub\tecx, ecx\t; buffer is empty now\n"
	-".ret:\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2600
	-msgid ""
	-"Much of it is taken from [.filename]#hex.asm# above. But there is one "
	-"important difference: I no longer call `write` whenever I am outputting a "
	-"line feed. Yet, the code can be used interactively."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Большая часть взята из [.filename]#hex.asm# выше. Однако есть одно важное "
	-"отличие: я больше не вызываю `write` каждый раз при выводе перевода строки. "
	-"Тем не менее, код можно использовать интерактивно."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2604
	-msgid ""
	-"I have found a better solution for the interactive problem since I first "
	-"started writing this chapter. I wanted to make sure each line is printed "
	-"out separately only when needed. After all, there is no need to flush out "
	-"every line when used non-interactively."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Я нашел лучшее решение для интерактивной проблемы с тех пор, как начал "
	-"писать эту главу. Я хотел убедиться, что каждая строка выводится отдельно "
	-"только при необходимости. В конце концов, нет необходимости выводить каждую "
	-"строку при неинтерактивном использовании."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2608
	-msgid ""
	-"The new solution I use now is to call `write` every time I find the input "
	-"buffer empty. That way, when running in the interactive mode, the program "
	-"reads one line from the user's keyboard, processes it, and sees its input "
	-"buffer is empty. It flushes its output and reads the next line."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Новое решение, которое я использую сейчас, заключается в вызове `write` "
	-"каждый раз, когда обнаруживаю, что входной буфер пуст. Таким образом, при "
	-"работе в интерактивном режиме программа считывает одну строку с клавиатуры "
	-"пользователя, обрабатывает её и видит, что входной буфер пуст. Она "
	-"сбрасывает свой вывод и читает следующую строку."
	-
	-#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2610
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "The Dark Side of Buffering"
	-msgstr "Темная сторона буферизации"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2614
	-msgid ""
	-"This change prevents a mysterious lockup in a very specific case. I refer "
	-"to it as the _dark side of buffering_, mostly because it presents a danger "
	-"that is not quite obvious."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это изменение предотвращает загадочную блокировку в очень специфическом "
	-"случае. Я называю это _тёмной стороной буферизации_, в основном потому, что "
	-"это представляет опасность, которая не совсем очевидна."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2618
	-msgid ""
	-"It is unlikely to happen with a program like the csv above, so let us "
	-"consider yet another filter: In this case we expect our input to be raw data "
	-"representing color values, such as the _red_, _green_, and _blue_ "
	-"intensities of a pixel. Our output will be the negative of our input."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Маловероятно, что это произойдет с такой программой, как csv выше, поэтому "
	-"рассмотрим ещё один фильтр: в этом случае мы ожидаем, что наши входные "
	-"данные будут представлять собой необработанные данные, описывающие значения "
	-"цветов, такие как интенсивности _красного_, _зеленого_ и _синего_ для "
	-"пикселя. На выходе мы получим негатив входных данных."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2621
	-msgid ""
	-"Such a filter would be very simple to write. Most of it would look just "
	-"like all the other filters we have written so far, so I am only going to "
	-"show you its inner loop:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Такой фильтр было бы очень просто написать. Большая его часть выглядела бы "
	-"так же, как и все другие фильтры, которые мы уже писали, поэтому я покажу "
	-"только его внутренний цикл:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2629
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".loop:\n"
	-"\tcall\tgetchar\n"
	-"\tnot\tal\t\t; Create a negative\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .loop\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".loop:\n"
	-"\tcall\tgetchar\n"
	-"\tnot\tal\t\t; Create a negative\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .loop\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2632
	-msgid ""
	-"Because this filter works with raw data, it is unlikely to be used "
	-"interactively."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Поскольку этот фильтр работает с необработанными данными, он вряд ли будет "
	-"использоваться интерактивно."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2635
	-msgid ""
	-"But it could be called by image manipulation software. And, unless it calls "
	-"`write` before each call to `read`, chances are it will lock up."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Но он может вызываться программным обеспечением для обработки изображений. "
	-"И, если он не вызывает `write` перед каждым вызовом `read`, высока "
	-"вероятность, что он зависнет."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2637
	-msgid "Here is what might happen:"
	-msgstr "Вот что может произойти:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2640
	-msgid "The image editor will load our filter using the C function `popen()`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Редактор изображений загрузит наш фильтр, используя функцию `popen()` на "
	-"языке C."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2641
	-msgid "It will read the first row of pixels from a bitmap or pixmap."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Он прочитает первый ряд пикселей из битовой карты или пиксельной карты."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2642
	-msgid ""
	-"It will write the first row of pixels to the _pipe_ leading to the `fd.in` "
	-"of our filter."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Он запишет первую строку пикселей в _канал_, ведущий к `fd.in` нашего "
	-"фильтра."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2643
	-msgid ""
	-"Our filter will read each pixel from its input, turn it to a negative, and "
	-"write it to its output buffer."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Наш фильтр будет читать каждый пиксель из входных данных, преобразовывать "
	-"его в негатив и записывать в выходной буфер."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2644
	-msgid "Our filter will call `getchar` to fetch the next pixel."
	-msgstr "Наш фильтр будет вызывать `getchar` для получения следующего пикселя."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2645
	-msgid "`getchar` will find an empty input buffer, so it will call `read`."
	-msgstr "`getchar` обнаружит пустой входной буфер, поэтому вызовет `read`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2646
	-msgid "`read` will call the `SYS_read` system call."
	-msgstr "`read` вызовет системный вызов `SYS_read`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2647
	-msgid ""
	-"The _kernel_ will suspend our filter until the image editor sends more data "
	-"to the pipe."
	-msgstr ""
	-"_Ядро_ приостановит работу нашего фильтра до тех пор, пока редактор "
	-"изображений не отправит больше данных в канал."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2648
	-msgid ""
	-"The image editor will read from the other pipe, connected to the `fd.out` of "
	-"our filter so it can set the first row of the output image _before_ it sends "
	-"us the second row of the input."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Редактор изображений будет читать из другого канала, подключенного к `fd."
	-"out` нашего фильтра, чтобы он мог установить первую строку выходного "
	-"изображения _до_ того, как отправит нам вторую строку входного."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2649
	-msgid ""
	-"The _kernel_ suspends the image editor until it receives some output from "
	-"our filter, so it can pass it on to the image editor."
	-msgstr ""
	-"_Ядро_ приостанавливает работу графического редактора до тех пор, пока не "
	-"получит какие-либо данные от нашего фильтра, чтобы передать их редактору."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2653
	-msgid ""
	-"At this point our filter waits for the image editor to send it more data to "
	-"process, while the image editor is waiting for our filter to send it the "
	-"result of the processing of the first row. But the result sits in our "
	-"output buffer."
	-msgstr ""
	-"На этом этапе наш фильтр ожидает, что редактор изображений отправит ему "
	-"больше данных для обработки, в то время как редактор изображений ожидает, "
	-"что наш фильтр отправит ему результат обработки первой строки. Однако "
	-"результат находится в нашем выходном буфере."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2656
	-msgid ""
	-"The filter and the image editor will continue waiting for each other forever "
	-"(or, at least, until they are killed). Our software has just entered a "
	-"crossref:secure[secure-race-conditions,race condition]."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Фильтр и редактор изображений будут продолжать ждать друг друга вечно (или, "
	-"по крайней мере, пока их не завершат командой kill). Наше программное "
	-"обеспечение только что вошло в crossref:secure[secure-race-conditions,"
	-"состояние гонки]."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2658
	-msgid ""
	-"This problem does not exist if our filter flushes its output buffer _before_ "
	-"asking the _kernel_ for more input data."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Эта проблема не возникает, если наш фильтр очищает свой выходной буфер "
	-"_перед_ запросом к _ядру_ для получения дополнительных входных данных."
	-
	-#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2660
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Using the FPU"
	-msgstr "Использование FPU"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2663
	-msgid ""
	-"Strangely enough, most of assembly language literature does not even mention "
	-"the existence of the FPU, or _floating point unit_, let alone discuss "
	-"programming it."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Как ни странно, большая часть литературы по ассемблеру даже не упоминает о "
	-"существовании FPU, или _блока обработки чисел с плавающей запятой_, не "
	-"говоря уже о программировании для него."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2665
	-msgid ""
	-"Yet, never does assembly language shine more than when we create highly "
	-"optimized FPU code by doing things that can be done _only_ in assembly "
	-"language."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Тем не менее, язык ассемблера проявляет себя наилучшим образом, когда мы "
	-"создаем высокооптимизированный код для FPU, выполняя вещи, которые можно "
	-"сделать _только_ на языке ассемблера."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2667
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Organization of the FPU"
	-msgstr "Организация FPU"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2671
	-msgid ""
	-"The FPU consists of 8 80-bit floating-point registers. These are organized "
	-"in a stack fashion-you can `push` a value on TOS (_top of stack_) and you "
	-"can `pop` it."
	-msgstr ""
	-"FPU состоит из 8 80-битных регистров с плавающей запятой. Они организованы в "
	-"виде стека — вы можете `push` (поместить) значение на TOS (_вершина стека_) "
	-"и `pop` (извлечь) его."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2673
	-msgid ""
	-"That said, the assembly language op codes are not `push` and `pop` because "
	-"those are already taken."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Как бы то ни было, мнемоники ассемблера — не `push` и `pop`, потому что они "
	-"уже заняты."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2676
	-msgid ""
	-"You can `push` a value on TOS by using `fld`, `fild`, and `fbld`. Several "
	-"other op codes let you `push` many common _constants_-such as _pi_-on the "
	-"TOS."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Вы можете `push` (положить) значение на вершину стека (TOS), используя "
	-"`fld`, `fild` и `fbld`. Несколько других кодов операций позволяют вам `push` "
	-"(положить) многие распространённые _константы_ — например, _pi_ — на вершину "
	-"стека (TOS)."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2679
	-msgid ""
	-"Similarly, you can `pop` a value by using `fst`, `fstp`, `fist`, `fistp`, "
	-"and `fbstp`. Actually, only the op codes that end with a _p_ will literally "
	-"`pop` the value, the rest will `store` it somewhere else without removing it "
	-"from the TOS."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Аналогично, вы можете `извлечь` значение с помощью `fst`, `fstp`, `fist`, "
	-"`fistp` и `fbstp`. На самом деле только коды операций, оканчивающиеся на "
	-"_p_, буквально `извлекают` значение, остальные же `сохраняют` его в другом "
	-"месте, не удаляя с вершины стека (TOS)."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2681
	-msgid ""
	-"We can transfer the data between the TOS and the computer memory either as a "
	-"32-bit, 64-bit, or 80-bit _real_, a 16-bit, 32-bit, or 64-bit _integer_, or "
	-"an 80-bit _packed decimal_."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы можем передавать данные между TOS и памятью компьютера либо как 32-"
	-"битное, 64-битное или 80-битное _вещественное_ число, 16-битное, 32-битное "
	-"или 64-битное _целое_ число, либо как 80-битное _упакованное десятичное_ "
	-"число."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2684
	-msgid ""
	-"The 80-bit _packed decimal_ is a special case of _binary coded decimal_ "
	-"which is very convenient when converting between the ASCII representation of "
	-"data and the internal data of the FPU. It allows us to use 18 significant "
	-"digits."
	-msgstr ""
	-"80-битный _упакованный десятичный_ формат является особым случаем _двоично-"
	-"десятичного кодирования_, который очень удобен при преобразовании между "
	-"ASCII-представлением данных и внутренними данными FPU. Он позволяет "
	-"использовать до 18 значащих цифр."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2686
	-msgid ""
	-"No matter how we represent data in the memory, the FPU always stores it in "
	-"the 80-bit _real_ format in its registers."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Независимо от того, как мы представляем данные в памяти, FPU всегда хранит "
	-"их в 80-битном формате _real_ в своих регистрах."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2688
	-msgid ""
	-"Its internal precision is at least 19 decimal digits, so even if we choose "
	-"to display results as ASCII in the full 18-digit precision, we are still "
	-"showing correct results."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Его внутренняя точность составляет не менее 19 десятичных цифр, поэтому даже "
	-"если мы решим отображать результаты в формате ASCII с полной 18-значной "
	-"точностью, мы всё равно будем показывать корректные результаты."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2690
	-msgid ""
	-"We can perform mathematical operations on the TOS: We can calculate its "
	-"_sine_, we can _scale_ it (i.e., we can multiply or divide it by a power of "
	-"2), we can calculate its base-2 _logarithm_, and many other things."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы можем выполнять математические операции над TOS: вычислять его _синус_, "
	-"_масштабировать_ (то есть умножать или делить на степень двойки), вычислять "
	-"его _логарифм_ по основанию 2 и многое другое."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2692
	-msgid ""
	-"We can also _multiply_ or _divide_ it by, _add_ it to, or _subtract_ it "
	-"from, any of the FPU registers (including itself)."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы также можем _умножить_ или _разделить_ его, _прибавить_ к нему или "
	-"_вычесть_ его из любого из регистров FPU (включая его самого)."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2695
	-msgid ""
	-"The official Intel op code for the TOS is `st`, and for the _registers_ "
	-"`st(0)`-`st(7)`. `st` and `st(0)`, then, refer to the same register."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Официальный код операции Intel для TOS — `st`, а для _регистров_ — `st(0)`-"
	-"`st(7)`. Таким образом, `st` и `st(0)` ссылаются на один и тот же регистр."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2698
	-msgid ""
	-"For whatever reasons, the original author of nasm has decided to use "
	-"different op codes, namely `st0`-`st7`. In other words, there are no "
	-"parentheses, and the TOS is always `st0`, never just `st`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"По каким-то причинам оригинальный автор nasm решил использовать другие коды "
	-"операций, а именно `st0`-`st7`. Другими словами, скобки отсутствуют, а "
	-"вершина стека всегда `st0`, но никогда просто `st`."
	-
	-#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2700
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "The Packed Decimal Format"
	-msgstr "Формат упакованного десятичного числа"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2704
	-msgid ""
	-"The _packed decimal_ format uses 10 bytes (80 bits) of memory to represent "
	-"18 digits. The number represented there is always an _integer_."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Формат _упакованного десятичного числа_ использует 10 байт (80 бит) памяти "
	-"для представления 18 цифр. Представленное число всегда является _целым_."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2708
	-msgid ""
	-"You can use it to get decimal places by multiplying the TOS by a power of 10 "
	-"first."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Вы можете использовать это для получения десятичных знаков, предварительно "
	-"умножив TOS на степень 10."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2712
	-msgid ""
	-"The highest bit of the highest byte (byte 9) is the _sign bit_: If it is "
	-"set, the number is _negative_, otherwise, it is _positive_. The rest of the "
	-"bits of this byte are unused/ignored."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Старший бит старшего байта (байт 9) является _знаковым битом_: если он "
	-"установлен, число _отрицательное_, в противном случае — _положительное_. "
	-"Остальные биты этого байта не используются/игнорируются."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2714
	-msgid ""
	-"The remaining 9 bytes store the 18 digits of the number: 2 digits per byte."
	-msgstr "Оставшиеся 9 байт хранят 18 цифр числа: 2 цифры на байт."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2716
	-msgid ""
	-"The _more significant digit_ is stored in the high _nibble_ (4 bits), the "
	-"_less significant digit_ in the low _nibble_."
	-msgstr ""
	-"_Старший разряд_ хранится в старшем _полубайте_ (4 бита), _младший разряд_ — "
	-"в младшем _полубайте_."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2718
	-msgid ""
	-"That said, you might think that `-1234567` would be stored in the memory "
	-"like this (using hexadecimal notation):"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Как бы то ни было, вы можете подумать, что `-1234567` будет храниться в "
	-"памяти следующим образом (в шестнадцатеричной записи):"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2722
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "80 00 00 00 00 00 01 23 45 67\n"
	-msgstr "80 00 00 00 00 00 01 23 45 67\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2725
	-msgid ""
	-"Alas it is not! As with everything else of Intel make, even the _packed "
	-"decimal_ is _little-endian_."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Увы, это не так! Как и все остальное, созданное Intel, даже _упакованное "
	-"десятичное число_ имеет порядок _от младшего к старшему_."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2727
	-msgid "That means our `-1234567` is stored like this:"
	-msgstr "Это означает, что наш `-1234567` хранится следующим образом:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2731
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "67 45 23 01 00 00 00 00 00 80\n"
	-msgstr "67 45 23 01 00 00 00 00 00 80\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2734
	-msgid "Remember that, or you will be pulling your hair out in desperation!"
	-msgstr "Помните об этом, иначе вы будете рвать на себе волосы в отчаянии!"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2740
	-msgid ""
	-"The book to read-if you can find it-is Richard Startz' http://www.amazon.com/"
	-"exec/obidos/ASIN/013246604X/whizkidtechnomag[8087/80287/80387 for the IBM PC "
	-"& Compatibles]. Though it does seem to take the fact about the little-"
	-"endian storage of the _packed decimal_ for granted. I kid you not about the "
	-"desperation of trying to figure out what was wrong with the filter I show "
	-"below _before_ it occurred to me I should try the little-endian order even "
	-"for this type of data."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Книга, которую стоит прочитать — если сможете её найти — это книга Ричарда "
	-"Старца http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/013246604X/"
	-"whizkidtechnomag[8087/80287/80387 для IBM PC и совместимых]. Хотя в ней, "
	-"кажется, факт о little-endian хранении _упакованного десятичного числа_ "
	-"принимается как данность. Я не шучу насчёт отчаяния, которое испытывал, "
	-"пытаясь понять, что не так с фильтром, который я привожу ниже, _прежде_ чем "
	-"мне пришло в голову попробовать little-endian порядок даже для этого типа "
	-"данных."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2743
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Excursion to Pinhole Photography"
	-msgstr "Экскурсия в фотографию с помощью камеры-обскуры"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2746
	-msgid ""
	-"To write meaningful software, we must not only understand our programming "
	-"tools, but also the field we are creating software for."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Чтобы создавать полезное программное обеспечение, мы должны понимать не "
	-"только наши инструменты программирования, но и область, для которой "
	-"разрабатываем ПО."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2748
	-msgid ""
	-"Our next filter will help us whenever we want to build a _pinhole camera_, "
	-"so, we need some background in _pinhole photography_ before we can continue."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Наш следующий фильтр поможет нам, когда мы захотим создать _камеру-обскуру_, "
	-"поэтому нам понадобятся некоторые знания о _фотографии с помощью обскуры_, "
	-"прежде чем мы сможем продолжить."
	-
	-#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2750
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "The Camera"
	-msgstr "Камера"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2753
	-msgid ""
	-"The easiest way to describe any camera ever built is as some empty space "
	-"enclosed in some lightproof material, with a small hole in the enclosure."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Самый простой способ описать любую когда-либо созданную камеру — это "
	-"некоторое пустое пространство, заключённое в светонепроницаемый материал, с "
	-"небольшим отверстием в корпусе."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2758
	-msgid ""
	-"The enclosure is usually sturdy (e.g., a box), though sometimes it is "
	-"flexible (the bellows). It is quite dark inside the camera. However, the "
	-"hole lets light rays in through a single point (though in some cases there "
	-"may be several). These light rays form an image, a representation of "
	-"whatever is outside the camera, in front of the hole."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Корпус обычно прочный (например, коробка), хотя иногда он гибкий "
	-"(гофрированная часть). Внутри камеры довольно темно. Однако отверстие "
	-"пропускает световые лучи через одну точку (хотя в некоторых случаях их может "
	-"быть несколько). Эти световые лучи формируют изображение — представление "
	-"того, что находится снаружи камеры, перед отверстием."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2760
	-msgid ""
	-"If some light sensitive material (such as film) is placed inside the camera, "
	-"it can capture the image."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если внутрь камеры поместить светочувствительный материал (например, "
	-"плёнку), он может зафиксировать изображение."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2762
	-msgid ""
	-"The hole often contains a _lens_, or a lens assembly, often called the "
	-"_objective_."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Отверстие часто содержит _линзу_ или сборку линз, которую часто называют "
	-"_объективом_."
	-
	-#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2764
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "The Pinhole"
	-msgstr "Игольное ушко"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2768
	-msgid ""
	-"But, strictly speaking, the lens is not necessary: The original cameras did "
	-"not use a lens but a _pinhole_. Even today, _pinholes_ are used, both as a "
	-"tool to study how cameras work, and to achieve a special kind of image."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Но, строго говоря, линза не обязательна: первые камеры использовали не "
	-"линзу, а _маленькое отверстие_ размером с игольное ушко. Даже сегодня "
	-"_маленькие отверстия_ применяются как инструмент для изучения принципов "
	-"работы камер и для создания особого вида изображений."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2772
	-msgid ""
	-"The image produced by the _pinhole_ is all equally sharp. Or _blurred_. "
	-"There is an ideal size for a pinhole: If it is either larger or smaller, the "
	-"image loses its sharpness."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Изображение, создаваемое _маленьким отверстием_, одинаково резкое. Или "
	-"_размытое_. Существует идеальный размер для маленького отверстия: если оно "
	-"больше или меньше, изображение теряет резкость."
	-
	-#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2774
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Focal Length"
	-msgstr "Фокусное расстояние"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2777
	-msgid ""
	-"This ideal pinhole diameter is a function of the square root of _focal "
	-"length_, which is the distance of the pinhole from the film."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Идеальный диаметр отверстия является функцией квадратного корня из "
	-"_фокусного расстояния_, которое представляет собой расстояние от отверстия "
	-"до плёнки."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2781
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "D = PC * sqrt(FL)\n"
	-msgstr "D = PC * sqrt(FL)\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2787
	-msgid ""
	-"In here, `D` is the ideal diameter of the pinhole, `FL` is the focal length, "
	-"and `PC` is a pinhole constant. According to Jay Bender, its value is "
	-"`0.04`, while Kenneth Connors has determined it to be `0.037`. Others have "
	-"proposed other values. Plus, this value is for the daylight only: Other "
	-"types of light will require a different constant, whose value can only be "
	-"determined by experimentation."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Здесь `D` — идеальный диаметр отверстия, `FL` — фокусное расстояние, а `PC` "
	-"— константа отверстия. По данным Джейя Бендера, её значение равно `0,04`, "
	-"тогда как Кеннет Коннорс определил его как `0,037`. Другие исследователи "
	-"предложили иные значения. Кроме того, это значение справедливо только для "
	-"дневного света: другие типы освещения потребуют иной константы, значение "
	-"которой можно определить только экспериментальным путём."
	-
	-#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2789
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "The F-Number"
	-msgstr "Число f (диафрагменное число)"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2793
	-msgid ""
	-"The f-number is a very useful measure of how much light reaches the film. A "
	-"light meter can determine that, for example, to expose a film of specific "
	-"sensitivity with f/5.6 may require the exposure to last 1/1000 sec."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Число f — это очень полезный показатель того, сколько света попадает на "
	-"плёнку. Экспонометр может определить, что, например, для экспонирования "
	-"плёнки определённой чувствительности при f/5.6 может потребоваться выдержка "
	-"1/1000 сек."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2796
	-msgid ""
	-"It does not matter whether it is a 35-mm camera, or a 6x9cm camera, etc. As "
	-"long as we know the f-number, we can determine the proper exposure."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Не имеет значения, 35-мм это камера или камера 6x9 см и т.д. Достаточно "
	-"знать диафрагменное число, чтобы определить правильную экспозицию."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2798
	-msgid "The f-number is easy to calculate:"
	-msgstr "Число f легко вычислить:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2802
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "F = FL / D\n"
	-msgstr "F = FL / D\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2807
	-msgid ""
	-"In other words, the f-number equals the focal length divided by the diameter "
	-"of the pinhole. It also means a higher f-number either implies a smaller "
	-"pinhole or a larger focal distance, or both. That, in turn, implies, the "
	-"higher the f-number, the longer the exposure has to be."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Другими словами, число f равно фокусному расстоянию, деленному на диаметр "
	-"отверстия. Это также означает, что большее f-число подразумевает либо "
	-"меньшее отверстие, либо большее фокусное расстояние, либо и то, и другое. В "
	-"свою очередь, это означает, что чем больше число f, тем дольше должна быть "
	-"выдержка."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2810
	-msgid ""
	-"Furthermore, while pinhole diameter and focal distance are one-dimensional "
	-"measurements, both, the film and the pinhole, are two-dimensional. That "
	-"means that if you have measured the exposure at f-number `A` as `t`, then "
	-"the exposure at f-number `B` is:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Кроме того, хотя диаметр отверстия и фокусное расстояние являются "
	-"одномерными величинами, и плёнка, и отверстие — двумерны. Это означает, что "
	-"если вы измерили экспозицию при диафрагменном числе `A` как `t`, то "
	-"экспозиция при диафрагменном числе `B` будет:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2814
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "t * (B / A)²\n"
	-msgstr "t * (B / A)²\n"
	-
	-#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2817
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Normalized F-Number"
	-msgstr "Нормализованное число f"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2820
	-msgid ""
	-"While many modern cameras can change the diameter of their pinhole, and thus "
	-"their f-number, quite smoothly and gradually, such was not always the case."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Хотя многие современные камеры могут изменять диаметр своего отверстия, а "
	-"следовательно и свое число f, довольно плавно и постепенно, так было не "
	-"всегда."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2822
	-msgid ""
	-"To allow for different f-numbers, cameras typically contained a metal plate "
	-"with several holes of different sizes drilled to them."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Для обеспечения различных значений диафрагмы в камерах обычно использовалась "
	-"металлическая пластина с несколькими отверстиями разного размера."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2825
	-msgid ""
	-"Their sizes were chosen according to the above formula in such a way that "
	-"the resultant f-number was one of standard f-numbers used on all cameras "
	-"everywhere. For example, a very old Kodak Duaflex IV camera in my "
	-"possession has three such holes for f-numbers 8, 11, and 16."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Их размеры были выбраны в соответствии с приведённой выше формулой таким "
	-"образом, чтобы результирующее f-число было одним из стандартных f-чисел, "
	-"используемых на всех фотоаппаратах. Например, у моего очень старого "
	-"фотоаппарата Kodak Duaflex IV есть три таких отверстия для чисел f — 8, 11 и "
	-"16."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2828
	-msgid ""
	-"A more recently made camera may offer f-numbers of 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, "
	-"22, and 32 (as well as others). These numbers were not chosen arbitrarily: "
	-"They all are powers of the square root of 2, though they may be rounded "
	-"somewha."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Более современные камеры могут предлагать значения диафрагменного числа 2.8, "
	-"4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22 и 32 (а также другие). Эти числа выбраны не "
	-"произвольно: все они являются степенями квадратного корня из 2, хотя могут "
	-"быть немного округлены."
	-
	-#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2830
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "The F-Stop"
	-msgstr "Ступени числа f"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2834
	-msgid ""
	-"A typical camera is designed in such a way that setting any of the "
	-"normalized f-numbers changes the feel of the dial. It will naturally _stop_ "
	-"in that position. Because of that, these positions of the dial are called f-"
	-"stops."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Типичная камера устроена так, что установка любого из нормализованных чисел "
	-"f изменяет ощущение от регулятора. Он естественным образом _останавливается_ "
	-"в этом положении. Из-за этого такие положения регулятора называются f-"
	-"ступенями."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2838
	-msgid ""
	-"Since the f-numbers at each stop are powers of the square root of 2, moving "
	-"the dial by 1 stop will double the amount of light required for proper "
	-"exposure. Moving it by 2 stops will quadruple the required exposure. "
	-"Moving the dial by 3 stops will require the increase in exposure 8 times, "
	-"etc."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Поскольку значения диафрагмы на каждой ступени являются степенями "
	-"квадратного корня из 2, поворот диска на 1 ступень удваивает количество "
	-"света, необходимое для правильной экспозиции. Поворот на 2 ступени "
	-"увеличивает требуемую экспозицию вчетверо. Поворот диска на 3 ступени "
	-"требует увеличения экспозиции в 8 раз и так далее."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2840
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Designing the Pinhole Software"
	-msgstr "Проектирование программного обеспечения камеры-обскуры"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2843
	-msgid ""
	-"We are now ready to decide what exactly we want our pinhole software to do."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы готовы решить, что именно должно делать наше программное обеспечение для "
	-"камер-обскур."
	-
	-#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2845
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Processing Program Input"
	-msgstr "Обработка ввода программы"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2849
	-msgid ""
	-"Since its main purpose is to help us design a working pinhole camera, we "
	-"will use the _focal length_ as the input to the program. This is something "
	-"we can determine without software: Proper focal length is determined by the "
	-"size of the film and by the need to shoot \"regular\" pictures, wide angle "
	-"pictures, or telephoto pictures."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Поскольку основная цель — помочь нам разработать работающую камеру-обскуру, "
	-"мы будем использовать _фокусное расстояние_ в качестве входных данных для "
	-"программы. Это можно определить без программного обеспечения: правильное "
	-"фокусное расстояние зависит от размера плёнки и необходимости съёмки "
	-"«обычных» изображений, широкоугольных или телефото."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2851
	-msgid ""
	-"Most of the programs we have written so far worked with individual "
	-"characters, or bytes, as their input: The hex program converted individual "
	-"bytes into a hexadecimal number, the csv program either let a character "
	-"through, or deleted it, or changed it to a different character, etc."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Большинство написанных нами до сих пор программ работали с отдельными "
	-"символами или байтами в качестве входных данных: программа hex "
	-"преобразовывала отдельные байты в шестнадцатеричное число, программа csv "
	-"либо пропускала символ, либо удаляла его, либо заменяла на другой символ и т."
	-"д."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2853
	-msgid ""
	-"One program, ftuc used the state machine to consider at most two input bytes "
	-"at a time."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Одна программа, `ftuc`, использовала конечный автомат для обработки не более "
	-"двух входных байтов за раз."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2855
	-msgid ""
	-"But our pinhole program cannot just work with individual characters, it has "
	-"to deal with larger syntactic units."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Но наша программа для камеры-обскуры не может работать только с отдельными "
	-"символами, ей приходится иметь дело с более крупными синтаксическими "
	-"единицами."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2857
	-msgid ""
	-"For example, if we want the program to calculate the pinhole diameter (and "
	-"other values we will discuss later) at the focal lengths of `100 mm`, `150 "
	-"mm`, and `210 mm`, we may want to enter something like this:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Например, если мы хотим, чтобы программа рассчитала диаметр отверстия (и "
	-"другие значения, которые мы обсудим позже) для фокусных расстояний `100 мм`, "
	-"`150 мм` и `210 мм`, мы можем ввести что-то вроде этого:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2861
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid " 100, 150, 210\n"
	-msgstr " 100, 150, 210\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2866
	-msgid ""
	-"Our program needs to consider more than a single byte of input at a time. "
	-"When it sees the first `1`, it must understand it is seeing the first digit "
	-"of a decimal number. When it sees the `0` and the other `0`, it must know "
	-"it is seeing more digits of the same number."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Наша программа должна учитывать более одного байта входных данных за раз. "
	-"Когда она видит первую `1`, она должна понимать, что это первая цифра "
	-"десятичного числа. Когда она видит `0` и другой `0`, она должна знать, что "
	-"это следующие цифры того же числа."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2871
	-msgid ""
	-"When it encounters the first comma, it must know it is no longer receiving "
	-"the digits of the first number. It must be able to convert the digits of "
	-"the first number into the value of `100`. And the digits of the second "
	-"number into the value of `150`. And, of course, the digits of the third "
	-"number into the numeric value of `210`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Когда он встречает первую запятую, он должен понять, что больше не получает "
	-"цифры первого числа. Он должен уметь преобразовать цифры первого числа в "
	-"значение `100`. И цифры второго числа в значение `150`. И, конечно же, цифры "
	-"третьего числа в числовое значение `210`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2873
	-msgid ""
	-"We need to decide what delimiters to accept: Do the input numbers have to be "
	-"separated by a comma? If so, how do we treat two numbers separated by "
	-"something else?"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Нам нужно определиться с допустимыми разделителями: должны ли входные числа "
	-"разделяться запятой? Если да, то как обрабатывать два числа, разделённые чем-"
	-"то другим?"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2878
	-msgid ""
	-"Personally, I like to keep it simple. Something either is a number, so I "
	-"process it. Or it is not a number, so I discard it. I do not like the "
	-"computer complaining about me typing in an extra character when it is "
	-"_obvious_ that it is an extra character. Duh!"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Лично я предпочитаю простоту. Либо что-то является числом — и тогда я его "
	-"обрабатываю. Либо не является числом — и тогда я это отбрасываю. Мне не "
	-"нравится, когда компьютер жалуется на лишний символ, если _очевидно_, что он "
	-"лишний. Да ладно!"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2880
	-msgid ""
	-"Plus, it allows me to break up the monotony of computing and type in a query "
	-"instead of just a number:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Плюс, это позволяет мне разбавить монотонность вычислений и ввести запрос "
	-"вместо просто числа:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2885
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"What is the best pinhole diameter for the\n"
	-"\t focal length of 150?\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"What is the best pinhole diameter for the\n"
	-"\t focal length of 150?\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2888
	-msgid "There is no reason for the computer to spit out a number of complaints:"
	-msgstr "Нет причины, чтобы компьютер выводил множество жалоб:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2895
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"Syntax error: What\n"
	-"Syntax error: is\n"
	-"Syntax error: the\n"
	-"Syntax error: best\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Syntax error: What\n"
	-"Syntax error: is\n"
	-"Syntax error: the\n"
	-"Syntax error: best\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2898
	-msgid "Et cetera, et cetera, et cetera."
	-msgstr "И так далее, и так далее, и так далее."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2901
	-msgid ""
	-"Secondly, I like the `+#+` character to denote the start of a comment which "
	-"extends to the end of the line. This does not take too much effort to code, "
	-"and lets me treat input files for my software as executable scripts."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Во-вторых, мне нравится символ `+#+` для обозначения начала комментария, "
	-"который продолжается до конца строки. Это не требует больших усилий для "
	-"реализации и позволяет мне рассматривать входные файлы для моего "
	-"программного обеспечения как исполняемые скрипты."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2903
	-msgid ""
	-"In our case, we also need to decide what units the input should come in: We "
	-"choose _millimeters_ because that is how most photographers measure the "
	-"focus length."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В нашем случае также необходимо определиться с единицами измерения входных "
	-"данных: мы выбираем _миллиметры_, так как большинство фотографов измеряют "
	-"фокусное расстояние именно в них."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2905
	-msgid ""
	-"Finally, we need to decide whether to allow the use of the decimal point (in "
	-"which case we must also consider the fact that much of the world uses a "
	-"decimal _comma_)."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Наконец, нам нужно решить, разрешать ли использование десятичной точки (в "
	-"этом случае мы также должны учитывать тот факт, что во многих странах "
	-"используется десятичная _запятая_)."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2909
	-msgid ""
	-"In our case allowing for the decimal point/comma would offer a false sense "
	-"of precision: There is little if any noticeable difference between the focus "
	-"lengths of `50` and `51`, so allowing the user to input something like "
	-"`50.5` is not a good idea. This is my opinion, mind you, but I am the one "
	-"writing this program. You can make other choices in yours, of course."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В нашем случае разрешение десятичной точки/запятой создало бы ложное "
	-"ощущение точности: разница между фокусными расстояниями `50` и `51` "
	-"практически незаметна, поэтому разрешать пользователю вводить что-то вроде "
	-"`50.5` — не лучшая идея. Это моё мнение, конечно, но программу пишу я. В "
	-"своей программе вы можете сделать другие выбор, разумеется."
	-
	-#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2911
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Offering Options"
	-msgstr "Передача параметров программе"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2916
	-msgid ""
	-"The most important thing we need to know when building a pinhole camera is "
	-"the diameter of the pinhole. Since we want to shoot sharp images, we will "
	-"use the above formula to calculate the pinhole diameter from focal length. "
	-"As experts are offering several different values for the `PC` constant, we "
	-"will need to have the choice."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Самое важное, что нам нужно знать при создании камеры-обскуры — это диаметр "
	-"отверстия. Поскольку мы хотим получать чёткие изображения, мы будем "
	-"использовать приведённую выше формулу для расчёта диаметра отверстия от "
	-"фокусного расстояния. Поскольку эксперты предлагают несколько различных "
	-"значений для константы `PC`, нам нужно будет иметь выбор."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2918
	-msgid ""
	-"It is traditional in UNIX(R) programming to have two main ways of choosing "
	-"program parameters, plus to have a default for the time the user does not "
	-"make a choice."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В традициях программирования в UNIX(R) предусмотрены два основных способа "
	-"выбора параметров программы, а также значение по умолчанию на случай, если "
	-"пользователь не сделает выбор."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2920
	-msgid "Why have two ways of choosing?"
	-msgstr "Почему есть два способа выбора?"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2922
	-msgid ""
	-"One is to allow a (relatively) _permanent_ choice that applies automatically "
	-"each time the software is run without us having to tell it over and over "
	-"what we want it to do."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Один из способов — это позволить (относительно) _постоянный_ выбор, который "
	-"применяется автоматически каждый раз при запуске программы, без "
	-"необходимости каждый раз указывать, что мы хотим, чтобы она сделала."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2927
	-msgid ""
	-"The permanent choices may be stored in a configuration file, typically found "
	-"in the user's home directory. The file usually has the same name as the "
	-"application but is started with a dot. Often _\"rc\"_ is added to the file "
	-"name. So, ours could be [.filename]#~/.pinhole# or [.filename]#~/."
	-"pinholerc#. (The [.filename]#~/# means current user's home directory.)"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Постоянные настройки могут быть сохранены в конфигурационном файле, обычно "
	-"расположенном в домашнем каталоге пользователя. Файл обычно имеет то же имя, "
	-"что и приложение, но начинается с точки. Часто к имени файла добавляется _"
	-"\"rc\"_. Таким образом, наш файл может называться [.filename]#~/.pinhole# "
	-"или [.filename]#~/.pinholerc#. (Обозначение [.filename]#~/# означает "
	-"домашний каталог текущего пользователя.)"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2932
	-msgid ""
	-"The configuration file is used mostly by programs that have many "
	-"configurable parameters. Those that have only one (or a few) often use a "
	-"different method: They expect to find the parameter in an _environment "
	-"variable_. In our case, we might look at an environment variable named "
	-"`PINHOLE`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Файл конфигурации в основном используется программами, у которых много "
	-"настраиваемых параметров. Те, у которых он один (или несколько), часто "
	-"используют другой метод: они ожидают найти параметр в _переменной "
	-"окружения_. В нашем случае, мы можем посмотреть на переменную окружения с "
	-"именем `PINHOLE`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2935
	-msgid ""
	-"Usually, a program uses one or the other of the above methods. Otherwise, "
	-"if a configuration file said one thing, but an environment variable another, "
	-"the program might get confused (or just too complicated)."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Обычно программа использует один из вышеуказанных методов. В противном "
	-"случае, если в конфигурационном файле указано одно, а в переменной окружения "
	-"— другое, программа может запутаться (или стать слишком сложной)."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2937
	-msgid ""
	-"Because we only need to choose _one_ such parameter, we will go with the "
	-"second method and search the environment for a variable named `PINHOLE`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Поскольку нам нужно выбрать только _один_ такой параметр, мы воспользуемся "
	-"вторым методом и поищем в окружении переменную с именем `PINHOLE`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2940
	-msgid ""
	-"The other way allows us to make _ad hoc_ decisions: _\"Though I usually want "
	-"you to use 0.039, this time I want 0.03872.\"_ In other words, it allows us "
	-"to _override_ the permanent choice."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Другой способ позволяет нам принимать _ad hoc_ решения: _\"Хотя обычно я "
	-"хочу, чтобы ты использовал 0.039, на этот раз мне нужно 0.03872.\"_ Другими "
	-"словами, он позволяет нам _переопределить_ постоянный выбор."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2942
	-msgid "This type of choice is usually done with command line parameters."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Такой выбор обычно осуществляется с помощью параметров командной строки."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2950
	-msgid ""
	-"Finally, a program _always_ needs a _default_. The user may not make any "
	-"choices. Perhaps he does not know what to choose. Perhaps he is \"just "
	-"browsing.\" Preferably, the default will be the value most users would "
	-"choose anyway. That way they do not need to choose. Or, rather, they can "
	-"choose the default without an additional effort."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Наконец, программе _всегда_ необходим _значение по умолчанию_. Пользователь "
	-"может не делать никакого выбора. Возможно, он не знает, что выбрать. "
	-"Возможно, он «просто просматривает». Предпочтительно, чтобы значением по "
	-"умолчанию было то, что выбрало бы большинство пользователей. Таким образом, "
	-"им не нужно выбирать. Или, точнее, они могут выбрать значение по умолчанию "
	-"без дополнительных усилий."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2952
	-msgid ""
	-"Given this system, the program may find conflicting options, and handle them "
	-"this way:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Учитывая эту систему, программа может обнаружить конфликтующие параметры и "
	-"обработать их следующим образом:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2955
	-msgid ""
	-"If it finds an _ad hoc_ choice (e.g., command line parameter), it should "
	-"accept that choice. It must ignore any permanent choice and any default."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если она находит _специальный_ выбор (например, параметр командной строки), "
	-"она должна принять этот выбор. Она должна игнорировать любой постоянный "
	-"выбор и значения по умолчанию."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2956
	-msgid ""
	-"_Otherwise_, if it finds a permanent option (e.g., an environment variable), "
	-"it should accept it, and ignore the default."
	-msgstr ""
	-"_В противном случае_, если будет найден постоянный параметр (например, "
	-"переменная окружения), он должен быть принят, а значение по умолчанию — "
	-"проигнорировано."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2957
	-msgid "_Otherwise_, it should use the default."
	-msgstr "_В противном случае_, следует использовать значение по умолчанию."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2959
	-msgid "We also need to decide what _format_ our `PC` option should have."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Нам также необходимо решить, в каком _формате_ должна быть наша опция `PC`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2961
	-msgid ""
	-"At first site, it seems obvious to use the `PINHOLE=0.04` format for the "
	-"environment variable, and `-p0.04` for the command line."
	-msgstr ""
	-"На первый взгляд кажется очевидным использовать формат `PINHOLE=0.04` для "
	-"переменной окружения и `-p0.04` для командной строки."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2965
	-msgid ""
	-"Allowing that is actually a security risk. The `PC` constant is a very small "
	-"number. Naturally, we will test our software using various small values of "
	-"`PC`. But what will happen if someone runs the program choosing a huge "
	-"value?"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Разрешение этого на самом деле представляет угрозу безопасности. Константа "
	-"`PC` — это очень маленькое число. Естественно, мы протестируем наше "
	-"программное обеспечение, используя различные небольшие значения `PC`. Но что "
	-"произойдёт, если кто-то запустит программу, выбрав огромное значение?"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2967
	-msgid ""
	-"It may crash the program because we have not designed it to handle huge "
	-"numbers."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это может привести к сбою программы, так как мы не разрабатывали её для "
	-"обработки огромных чисел."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2970
	-msgid ""
	-"Or, we may spend more time on the program so it can handle huge numbers. We "
	-"might do that if we were writing commercial software for computer illiterate "
	-"audience."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Или мы можем потратить больше времени на программу, чтобы она могла "
	-"обрабатывать огромные числа. Мы могли бы сделать это, если бы писали "
	-"коммерческое программное обеспечение для аудитории, не знакомой с "
	-"компьютерами."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2972
	-msgid "Or, we might say, _\"Tough! The user should know better.\"\"_"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Или можно сказать: _\"Пусть терпит! Пользователь сам должен был разобраться."
	-"\"_"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2975
	-msgid ""
	-"Or, we just may make it impossible for the user to enter a huge number. "
	-"This is the approach we will take: We will use an _implied 0._ prefix."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Или мы можем просто сделать невозможным ввод пользователем слишком большого "
	-"числа. Это подход, который мы выберем: мы будем использовать "
	-"_подразумеваемый префикс 0._."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2978
	-msgid ""
	-"In other words, if the user wants `0.04`, we will expect him to type `-p04`, "
	-"or set `PINHOLE=04` in his environment. So, if he says `-p9999999`, we will "
	-"interpret it as ``0.9999999``-still ridiculous but at least safer."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Другими словами, если пользователь хочет `0.04`, мы ожидаем, что он введёт `-"
	-"p04` или установит `PINHOLE=04` в своём окружении. Таким образом, если он "
	-"укажет `-p9999999`, мы интерпретируем это как ``0.9999999`` — всё ещё "
	-"нелепо, но по крайней мере безопаснее."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2981
	-msgid ""
	-"Secondly, many users will just want to go with either Bender's constant or "
	-"Connors' constant. To make it easier on them, we will interpret `-b` as "
	-"identical to `-p04`, and `-c` as identical to `-p037`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Во-вторых, многие пользователи просто захотят использовать либо константу "
	-"Бендера, либо константу Коннорса. Чтобы облегчить им задачу, мы будем "
	-"интерпретировать `-b` как идентичное `-p04`, а `-c` как идентичное `-p037`."
	-
	-#. type: Title ====
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2983
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "The Output"
	-msgstr "Вывод результата"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2986
	-msgid ""
	-"We need to decide what we want our software to send to the output, and in "
	-"what format."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Нам нужно решить, что наше программное обеспечение должно отправлять на "
	-"вывод и в каком формате."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2988
	-msgid ""
	-"Since our input allows for an unspecified number of focal length entries, it "
	-"makes sense to use a traditional database-style output of showing the result "
	-"of the calculation for each focal length on a separate line, while "
	-"separating all values on one line by a `tab` character."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Поскольку наши входные данные допускают неограниченное количество значений "
	-"фокусного расстояния, имеет смысл использовать традиционный вывод в стиле "
	-"базы данных, показывая результат вычислений для каждого фокусного расстояния "
	-"на отдельной строке, разделяя все значения в строке символом табуляции."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2991
	-msgid ""
	-"Optionally, we should also allow the user to specify the use of the CSV "
	-"format we have studied earlier. In this case, we will print out a line of "
	-"comma-separated names describing each field of every line, then show our "
	-"results as before, but substituting a `comma` for the `tab`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Опционально, мы также должны разрешить пользователю указать использование "
	-"формата CSV, который мы изучили ранее. В этом случае мы выведем строку с "
	-"разделёнными запятыми названиями, описывающими каждое поле каждой строки, а "
	-"затем отобразим результаты как прежде, но заменив `табуляцию` на `запятую`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:2996
	-msgid ""
	-"We need a command line option for the CSV format. We cannot use `-c` "
	-"because that already means _use Connors' constant_. For some strange "
	-"reason, many web sites refer to CSV files as _\"Excel spreadsheet\"_ (though "
	-"the CSV format predates Excel). We will, therefore, use the `-e` switch to "
	-"inform our software we want the output in the CSV format."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Нам нужна опция командной строки для формата CSV. Мы не можем использовать `-"
	-"c`, потому что это уже означает _использовать константу Коннорса_. По какой-"
	-"то странной причине многие веб-сайты называют CSV-файлы _\"электронными "
	-"таблицами Excel\"_ (хотя формат CSV появился раньше Excel). Поэтому мы будем "
	-"использовать переключатель `-e`, чтобы указать нашему программному "
	-"обеспечению, что мы хотим получить вывод в формате CSV."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3000
	-msgid ""
	-"We will start each line of the output with the focal length. This may sound "
	-"repetitious at first, especially in the interactive mode: The user types in "
	-"the focal length, and we are repeating it."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы начнем каждую строку вывода с фокусного расстояния. Это может показаться "
	-"избыточным сначала, особенно в интерактивном режиме: пользователь вводит "
	-"фокусное расстояние, а мы его повторяем."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3004
	-msgid ""
	-"But the user can type several focal lengths on one line. The input can also "
	-"come in from a file or from the output of another program. In that case the "
	-"user does not see the input at all."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Но пользователь может ввести несколько фокусных расстояний в одной строке. "
	-"Ввод также может поступать из файла или вывода другой программы. В этом "
	-"случае пользователь вообще не видит вводимые данные."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3006
	-msgid ""
	-"By the same token, the output can go to a file which we will want to examine "
	-"later, or it could go to the printer, or become the input of another program."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Таким же образом, вывод может быть направлен в файл, который мы захотим "
	-"изучить позже, или на принтер, или стать входными данными для другой "
	-"программы."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3008
	-msgid ""
	-"So, it makes perfect sense to start each line with the focal length as "
	-"entered by the user."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Итак, имеет полный смысл начинать каждую строку с фокусного расстояния, "
	-"введённого пользователем."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3011
	-msgid ""
	-"No, wait! Not as entered by the user. What if the user types in something "
	-"like this:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Нет, подождите! Не так, как ввел пользователь. Что, если пользователь "
	-"введет что-то вроде этого:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3015
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid " 00000000150\n"
	-msgstr " 00000000150\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3018
	-msgid "Clearly, we need to strip those leading zeros."
	-msgstr "Очевидно, нам нужно удалить ведущие нули."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3020
	-msgid ""
	-"So, we might consider reading the user input as is, converting it to binary "
	-"inside the FPU, and printing it out from there."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Итак, можно рассмотреть вариант чтения пользовательского ввода как есть, "
	-"преобразования его в бинарный вид внутри FPU и последующего вывода оттуда."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3022
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3207
	-msgid "But..."
	-msgstr "Но..."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3024
	-msgid "What if the user types something like this:"
	-msgstr "Что делать, если пользователь введёт что-то вроде этого:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3028
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid " 17459765723452353453534535353530530534563507309676764423\n"
	-msgstr " 17459765723452353453534535353530530534563507309676764423\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3033
	-msgid ""
	-"Ha! The packed decimal FPU format lets us input 18-digit numbers. But the "
	-"user has entered more than 18 digits. How do we handle that?"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Ха! Упакованный десятичный формат FPU позволяет нам вводить 18-значные "
	-"числа. Но пользователь ввёл больше 18 цифр. Как нам обработать это?"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3035
	-msgid ""
	-"Well, we _could_ modify our code to read the first 18 digits, enter it to "
	-"the FPU, then read more, multiply what we already have on the TOS by 10 "
	-"raised to the number of additional digits, then `add` to it."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Хорошо, мы _могли бы_ изменить наш код, чтобы он читал первые 18 цифр, "
	-"передавал их в FPU, затем читал ещё, умножал уже имеющееся на вершине стека "
	-"(TOS) на 10 в степени количества дополнительных цифр, а затем выполнял "
	-"`сложение` с этим значением."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3039
	-msgid ""
	-"Yes, we could do that. But in _this_ program it would be ridiculous (in a "
	-"different one it may be just the thing to do): Even the circumference of the "
	-"Earth expressed in millimeters only takes 11 digits. Clearly, we cannot "
	-"build a camera that large (not yet, anyway)."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Да, мы могли бы так поступить. Но в _этой_ программе это было бы нелепо (в "
	-"другой это могло бы быть как раз тем, что нужно): даже длина окружности "
	-"Земли, выраженная в миллиметрах, занимает всего 11 цифр. Очевидно, мы не "
	-"можем построить камеру такого размера (по крайней мере, пока)."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3041
	-msgid ""
	-"So, if the user enters such a huge number, he is either bored, or testing "
	-"us, or trying to break into the system, or playing games-doing anything but "
	-"designing a pinhole camera."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Итак, если пользователь вводит такое огромное число, он либо скучает, либо "
	-"проверяет нас, либо пытается взломать систему, либо играет — делает что "
	-"угодно, кроме проектирования камеры-обскуры."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3043
	-msgid "What will we do?"
	-msgstr "Что мы будем делать?"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3045
	-msgid "We will slap him in the face, in a manner of speaking:"
	-msgstr "Мы ударим его по лицу, образно говоря:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3049
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "17459765723452353453534535353530530534563507309676764423\t???\t???\t???\t???\t???\n"
	-msgstr "17459765723452353453534535353530530534563507309676764423\t???\t???\t???\t???\t???\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3053
	-msgid ""
	-"To achieve that, we will simply ignore any leading zeros. Once we find a "
	-"non-zero digit, we will initialize a counter to `0` and start taking three "
	-"steps:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Для этого мы просто проигнорируем все ведущие нули. Как только мы найдем "
	-"ненулевую цифру, мы инициализируем счетчик значением `0` и начнем выполнять "
	-"три шага:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3056
	-msgid "Send the digit to the output."
	-msgstr "Отправить цифру на выход."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3057
	-msgid ""
	-"Append the digit to a buffer we will use later to produce the packed decimal "
	-"we can send to the FPU."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Добавить цифру в буфер, который мы позже используем для создания "
	-"упакованного десятичного числа, которое можно отправить в FPU."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3058
	-msgid "Increase the counter."
	-msgstr "Увеличить счетчик."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3060
	-msgid ""
	-"Now, while we are taking these three steps, we also need to watch out for "
	-"one of two conditions:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Теперь, пока мы выполняем эти три шага, нам также необходимо следить за "
	-"одним из двух условий:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3062
	-msgid ""
	-"If the counter grows above 18, we stop appending to the buffer. We continue "
	-"reading the digits and sending them to the output."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если счётчик превышает 18, мы прекращаем добавление в буфер. Мы продолжаем "
	-"читать цифры и отправлять их на вывод."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3063
	-msgid ""
	-"If, or rather _when_, the next input character is not a digit, we are done "
	-"inputting for now."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если, или скорее _когда_, следующий вводимый символ не является цифрой, мы "
	-"завершаем ввод на данный момент."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3066
	-msgid ""
	-"Incidentally, we can simply discard the non-digit, unless it is a `+#+`, "
	-"which we must return to the input stream. It starts a comment, so we must "
	-"see it after we are done producing output and start looking for more input."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Между прочим, мы можем просто отбросить нецифровой символ, если это не `+#"
	-"+`, который необходимо вернуть во входной поток. Он начинает комментарий, "
	-"поэтому мы должны увидеть его после завершения вывода и начала поиска "
	-"следующего ввода."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3068
	-msgid ""
	-"That still leaves one possibility uncovered: If all the user enters is a "
	-"zero (or several zeros), we will never find a non-zero to display."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Остается одна непокрытая возможность: если пользователь вводит только ноль "
	-"(или несколько нулей), мы никогда не найдем ненулевое значение для "
	-"отображения."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3071
	-msgid ""
	-"We can determine this has happened whenever our counter stays at `0`. In "
	-"that case we need to send `0` to the output, and perform another \"slap in "
	-"the face\":"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы можем определить, что это произошло, когда наш счетчик остаётся на `0`. В "
	-"этом случае нам нужно отправить `0` на выход и выполнить ещё один \"удар по "
	-"лицу\":"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3075
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "0\t???\t???\t???\t???\t???\n"
	-msgstr "0\t???\t???\t???\t???\t???\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3078
	-msgid ""
	-"Once we have displayed the focal length and determined it is valid (greater "
	-"than `0` but not exceeding 18 digits), we can calculate the pinhole diameter."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Как только мы определили фокусное расстояние и убедились, что оно корректно "
	-"(больше `0`, но не превышает 18 цифр), можно рассчитать диаметр отверстия."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3081
	-msgid ""
	-"It is not by coincidence that _pinhole_ contains the word _pin_. Indeed, "
	-"many a pinhole literally is a _pin hole_, a hole carefully punched with the "
	-"tip of a pin."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Не случайно слово _булавочное ушко_ содержит слово _булавка_. Действительно, "
	-"многие малые отверстия буквально являются _дырками от булавки_ — "
	-"отверстиями, аккуратно проделанными остриём булавки."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3084
	-msgid ""
	-"That is because a typical pinhole is very small. Our formula gets the result "
	-"in millimeters. We will multiply it by `1000`, so we can output the result "
	-"in _microns_."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Вот потому что типичное отверстие очень маленькое. Наша формула даёт "
	-"результат в миллиметрах. Мы умножим его на `1000`, чтобы вывести результат в "
	-"_микронах_."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3086
	-msgid "At this point we have yet another trap to face: _Too much precision._"
	-msgstr "На этом этапе нас ожидает ещё одна ловушка: _Излишняя точность._"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3090
	-msgid ""
	-"Yes, the FPU was designed for high precision mathematics. But we are not "
	-"dealing with high precision mathematics. We are dealing with physics "
	-"(optics, specifically)."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Да, FPU был разработан для вычислений с высокой точностью. Но мы имеем дело "
	-"не с вычислениями высокой точности. Мы имеем дело с физикой (конкретно, с "
	-"оптикой)."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3094
	-msgid ""
	-"Suppose we want to convert a truck into a pinhole camera (we would not be "
	-"the first ones to do that!). Suppose its box is `12` meters long, so we "
	-"have the focal length of `12000`. Well, using Bender's constant, it gives "
	-"us square root of `12000` multiplied by `0.04`, which is `4.381780460` "
	-"millimeters, or `4381.780460` microns."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Предположим, мы хотим превратить грузовик в камеру-обскуру (мы будем не "
	-"первыми, кто это сделал!). Допустим, его кузов имеет длину `12` метров, "
	-"значит, фокусное расстояние равно `12000`. Используя константу Бендера, "
	-"получаем квадратный корень из `12000`, умноженный на `0.04`, что составляет "
	-"`4.381780460` миллиметра или `4381.780460` микрона."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3099
	-msgid ""
	-"Put either way, the result is absurdly precise. Our truck is not _exactly_ "
	-"`12000` millimeters long. We did not measure its length with such a "
	-"precision, so stating we need a pinhole with the diameter of `4.381780460` "
	-"millimeters is, well, deceiving. `4.4` millimeters would do just fine."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Как ни посмотри, результат абсурдно точен. Наш грузовик не имеет _точно_ "
	-"`12000` миллиметров в длину. Мы не измеряли его длину с такой точностью, "
	-"поэтому утверждение, что нам нужна отверстие диаметром `4,381780460` "
	-"миллиметра, мягко говоря, вводит в заблуждение. `4,4` миллиметра будет "
	-"вполне достаточно."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3104
	-msgid ""
	-"I \"only\" used ten digits in the above example. Imagine the absurdity of "
	-"going for all 18!"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Я \"всего лишь\" использовал десять цифр в приведённом выше примере. "
	-"Представьте абсурдность попытки использовать все 18!"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3110
	-msgid ""
	-"We need to limit the number of significant digits of our result. One way of "
	-"doing it is by using an integer representing microns. So, our truck would "
	-"need a pinhole with the diameter of `4382` microns. Looking at that number, "
	-"we still decide that `4400` microns, or `4.4` millimeters is close enough."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Нам нужно ограничить количество значащих цифр в нашем результате. Один из "
	-"способов сделать это — использовать целое число, представляющее микроны. "
	-"Таким образом, нашему грузовику потребуется отверстие диаметром `4382` "
	-"микрона. Глядя на это число, мы всё же решаем, что `4400` микрон, или `4.4` "
	-"миллиметра, достаточно близко."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3113
	-msgid ""
	-"Additionally, we can decide that no matter how big a result we get, we only "
	-"want to display four significant digits (or any other number of them, of "
	-"course). Alas, the FPU does not offer rounding to a specific number of "
	-"digits (after all, it does not view the numbers as decimal but as binary)."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Кроме того, мы можем решить, что независимо от размера результата, мы хотим "
	-"отображать только четыре значащих цифры (или любое другое их количество, "
	-"конечно). Увы, FPU не поддерживает округление до определённого количества "
	-"цифр (в конце концов, он воспринимает числа не как десятичные, а как "
	-"двоичные)."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3115
	-msgid ""
	-"We, therefore, must devise an algorithm to reduce the number of significant "
	-"digits."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Следовательно, мы должны разработать алгоритм для уменьшения количества "
	-"значащих цифр."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3117
	-msgid ""
	-"Here is mine (I think it is awkward-if you know a better one, _please_, let "
	-"me know):"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Вот мой (я думаю, он неуклюжий — если у вас есть вариант лучше, "
	-"_пожалуйста_, дайте мне знать):"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3120
	-msgid "Initialize a counter to `0`."
	-msgstr "Инициализировать счетчик значением `0`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3121
	-msgid ""
	-"While the number is greater than or equal to `10000`, divide it by `10` and "
	-"increase the counter."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Пока число больше или равно `10000`, делим его на `10` и увеличиваем счётчик."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3122
	-msgid "Output the result."
	-msgstr "Вывести результат."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3123
	-msgid ""
	-"While the counter is greater than `0`, output `0` and decrease the counter."
	-msgstr "Пока счетчик больше `0`, выводить `0` и уменьшать счетчик."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3128
	-msgid ""
	-"The `10000` is only good if you want _four_ significant digits. For any "
	-"other number of significant digits, replace `10000` with `10` raised to the "
	-"number of significant digits."
	-msgstr ""
	-"`10000` подходит только если вам нужно _четыре_ значащих цифры. Для любого "
	-"другого количества значащих цифр замените `10000` на `10` в степени, равной "
	-"количеству значащих цифр."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3131
	-msgid ""
	-"We will, then, output the pinhole diameter in microns, rounded off to four "
	-"significant digits."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы затем выведем диаметр отверстия в микронах, округлённый до четырёх "
	-"значащих цифр."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3134
	-msgid ""
	-"At this point, we know the _focal length_ and the _pinhole diameter_. That "
	-"means we have enough information to also calculate the _f-number_."
	-msgstr ""
	-"На этом этапе нам известны _фокусное расстояние_ и _диаметр отверстия_. Это "
	-"означает, что у нас достаточно информации для расчёта _диафрагменного числа_."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3138
	-msgid ""
	-"We will display the f-number, rounded to four significant digits. Chances "
	-"are the f-number will tell us very little. To make it more meaningful, we "
	-"can find the nearest _normalized f-number_, i.e., the nearest power of the "
	-"square root of 2."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы отобразим число f, округлённое до четырёх значащих цифр. Скорее всего, "
	-"само число f мало что нам скажет. Чтобы придать ему больше смысла, мы можем "
	-"найти ближайшее _нормализованное число f_, то есть ближайшую степень "
	-"квадратного корня из 2."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3144
	-msgid ""
	-"We do that by multiplying the actual f-number by itself, which, of course, "
	-"will give us its `square`. We will then calculate its base-2 logarithm, "
	-"which is much easier to do than calculating the base-square-root-of-2 "
	-"logarithm! We will round the result to the nearest integer. Next, we will "
	-"raise 2 to the result. Actually, the FPU gives us a good shortcut to do "
	-"that: We can use the `fscale` op code to \"scale\" 1, which is analogous to "
	-"``shift``ing an integer left. Finally, we calculate the square root of it "
	-"all, and we have the nearest normalized f-number."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы делаем это, умножая фактическое значение диафрагмы на само себя, что, "
	-"конечно же, даст нам его `квадрат`. Затем мы вычислим его логарифм по "
	-"основанию 2, что намного проще, чем вычисление логарифма по основанию "
	-"квадратного корня из 2! Мы округлим результат до ближайшего целого числа. "
	-"Далее мы возведём 2 в полученную степень. На самом деле, FPU предоставляет "
	-"нам удобный способ сделать это: мы можем использовать код операции `fscale` "
	-"для \"масштабирования\" 1, что аналогично ``сдвигу`` целого числа влево. "
	-"Наконец, мы вычисляем квадратный корень из всего этого и получаем ближайшее "
	-"нормализованное значение диафрагмы."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3147
	-msgid ""
	-"If all that sounds overwhelming-or too much work, perhaps-it may become much "
	-"clearer if you see the code. It takes 9 op codes altogether:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если всё это звучит ошеломляюще — или, возможно, слишком сложно — всё может "
	-"стать гораздо понятнее, если увидеть код. Вместе это занимает всего 9 "
	-"инструкций процессора:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3159
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"fmul\tst0, st0\n"
	-"\tfld1\n"
	-"\tfld\tst1\n"
	-"\tfyl2x\n"
	-"\tfrndint\n"
	-"\tfld1\n"
	-"\tfscale\n"
	-"\tfsqrt\n"
	-"\tfstp\tst1\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"fmul\tst0, st0\n"
	-"\tfld1\n"
	-"\tfld\tst1\n"
	-"\tfyl2x\n"
	-"\tfrndint\n"
	-"\tfld1\n"
	-"\tfscale\n"
	-"\tfsqrt\n"
	-"\tfstp\tst1\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3163
	-msgid ""
	-"The first line, `fmul st0, st0`, squares the contents of the TOS (top of the "
	-"stack, same as `st`, called `st0` by nasm). The `fld1` pushes `1` on the "
	-"TOS."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Первая строка, `fmul st0, st0`, возводит в квадрат содержимое TOS (вершина "
	-"стека, то же что `st`, называется `st0` в nasm). Команда `fld1` помещает `1` "
	-"на вершину стека."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3167
	-msgid ""
	-"The next line, `fld st1`, pushes the square back to the TOS. At this point "
	-"the square is both in `st` and `st(2)` (it will become clear why we leave a "
	-"second copy on the stack in a moment). `st(1)` contains `1`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Следующая строка, `fld st1`, помещает квадрат обратно в TOS. На этом этапе "
	-"квадрат находится и в `st`, и в `st(2)` (скоро станет ясно, зачем мы "
	-"оставляем вторую копию в стеке). В `st(1)` содержится `1`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3170
	-msgid ""
	-"Next, `fyl2x` calculates base-2 logarithm of `st` multiplied by `st(1)`. "
	-"That is why we placed `1` on `st(1)` before."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Далее, `fyl2x` вычисляет логарифм по основанию 2 от `st`, умноженный на "
	-"`st(1)`. Именно поэтому мы ранее поместили `1` в `st(1)`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3172
	-msgid ""
	-"At this point, `st` contains the logarithm we have just calculated, `st(1)` "
	-"contains the square of the actual f-number we saved for later."
	-msgstr ""
	-"На этом этапе `st` содержит логарифм, который мы только что вычислили, а "
	-"`st(1)` содержит квадрат фактического значения диафрагменного числа, который "
	-"мы сохранили для последующего использования."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3176
	-msgid ""
	-"`frndint` rounds the TOS to the nearest integer. `fld1` pushes a `1`. "
	-"`fscale` shifts the `1` we have on the TOS by the value in `st(1)`, "
	-"effectively raising 2 to `st(1)`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"`frndint` округляет TOS до ближайшего целого числа. `fld1` помещает `1` в "
	-"стек. `fscale` сдвигает `1`, находящееся на TOS, на значение в `st(1)`, "
	-"фактически возводя 2 в степень `st(1)`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3178
	-msgid ""
	-"Finally, `fsqrt` calculates the square root of the result, i.e., the nearest "
	-"normalized f-number."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Наконец, `fsqrt` вычисляет квадратный корень из результата, т.е. ближайшее "
	-"нормализованное число f."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3181
	-msgid ""
	-"We now have the nearest normalized f-number on the TOS, the base-2 logarithm "
	-"rounded to the nearest integer in `st(1)`, and the square of the actual f-"
	-"number in `st(2)`. We are saving the value in `st(2)` for later."
	-msgstr ""
	-"У нас теперь есть ближайшее нормализованное число f на вершине стека (TOS), "
	-"округлённый до ближайшего целого двоичный логарифм в `st(1)` и квадрат "
	-"фактического число f в `st(2)`. Мы сохраняем значение в `st(2)` для "
	-"последующего использования."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3187
	-msgid ""
	-"But we do not need the contents of `st(1)` anymore. The last line, `fstp "
	-"st1`, places the contents of `st` to `st(1)`, and pops. As a result, what "
	-"was `st(1)` is now `st`, what was `st(2)` is now `st(1)`, etc. The new `st` "
	-"contains the normalized f-number. The new `st(1)` contains the square of "
	-"the actual f-number we have stored there for posterity."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Но нам больше не нужно содержимое `st(1)`. Последняя строка, `fstp st1`, "
	-"помещает содержимое `st` в `st(1)` и выполняет извлечение. В результате, то, "
	-"что было `st(1)`, теперь становится `st`, то, что было `st(2)`, теперь "
	-"становится `st(1)`, и так далее. Новый `st` содержит нормализованное число "
	-"f. Новый `st(1)` содержит квадрат фактического число f, который мы сохранили "
	-"для потомков."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3190
	-msgid ""
	-"At this point, we are ready to output the normalized f-number. Because it "
	-"is normalized, we will not round it off to four significant digits, but will "
	-"send it out in its full precision."
	-msgstr ""
	-"На этом этапе мы готовы вывести нормализованное число f. Поскольку оно "
	-"нормализовано, мы не будем округлять его до четырёх значащих цифр, а "
	-"отправим его с полной точностью."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3193
	-msgid ""
	-"The normalized f-number is useful as long as it is reasonably small and can "
	-"be found on our light meter. Otherwise we need a different method of "
	-"determining proper exposure."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Нормализованное диафрагменное число полезно, пока оно достаточно мало и "
	-"может быть найдено на нашем экспонометре. В противном случае нам нужен "
	-"другой метод определения правильной экспозиции."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3195
	-msgid ""
	-"Earlier we have figured out the formula of calculating proper exposure at an "
	-"arbitrary f-number from that measured at a different f-number."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Ранее мы вывели формулу для расчёта правильной экспозиции при произвольной "
	-"диафрагме на основе измерений, сделанных при другой диафрагме."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3198
	-msgid ""
	-"Every light meter I have ever seen can determine proper exposure at f5.6. "
	-"We will, therefore, calculate an _\"f5.6 multiplier,\"_ i.e., by how much we "
	-"need to multiply the exposure measured at f5.6 to determine the proper "
	-"exposure for our pinhole camera."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Каждый экспонометр, который я когда-либо видел, может определить правильную "
	-"экспозицию при f5.6. Поэтому мы рассчитаем _\"множитель f5.6\"_, то есть "
	-"насколько нужно умножить экспозицию, измеренную при f5.6, чтобы определить "
	-"правильную экспозицию для нашей камеры-обскуры."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3200
	-msgid ""
	-"From the above formula we know this factor can be calculated by dividing our "
	-"f-number (the actual one, not the normalized one) by `5.6`, and squaring the "
	-"result."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Из приведённой формулы мы знаем, что этот коэффициент можно вычислить, "
	-"разделив наше число f (фактическое, а не нормализованное) на `5.6` и возведя "
	-"результат в квадрат."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3202
	-msgid ""
	-"Mathematically, dividing the square of our f-number by the square of `5.6` "
	-"will give us the same result."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Математически, деление квадрата нашего числа f на квадрат `5.6` даст нам тот "
	-"же результат."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3205
	-msgid ""
	-"Computationally, we do not want to square two numbers when we can only "
	-"square one. So, the first solution seems better at first."
	-msgstr ""
	-"С вычислительной точки зрения, нам не нужно возводить в квадрат два числа, "
	-"когда можно возвести только одно. Таким образом, первое решение на первый "
	-"взгляд кажется лучше."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3213
	-msgid ""
	-"`5.6` is a _constant_. We do not have to have our FPU waste precious "
	-"cycles. We can just tell it to divide the square of the f-number by "
	-"whatever `5.6²` equals to. Or we can divide the f-number by `5.6`, and then "
	-"square the result. The two ways now seem equal."
	-msgstr ""
	-"`5.6` — это _константа_. Нам не нужно заставлять наш FPU тратить драгоценные "
	-"циклы. Мы можем просто указать ему разделить квадрат f-числа на то, чему "
	-"равно `5.6²`. Или мы можем разделить f-число на `5.6`, а затем возвести "
	-"результат в квадрат. Теперь оба способа кажутся равнозначными."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3215
	-msgid "But, they are not!"
	-msgstr "Но они не такие!"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3219
	-msgid ""
	-"Having studied the principles of photography above, we remember that the "
	-"`5.6` is actually square root of 2 raised to the fifth power. An "
	-"_irrational_ number. The square of this number is _exactly_ `32`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Изучив принципы фотографии выше, мы помним, что `5.6` — это квадратный "
	-"корень из 2, возведённый в пятую степень. Это _иррациональное_ число. "
	-"Квадрат этого числа _ровно_ `32`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3225
	-msgid ""
	-"Not only is `32` an integer, it is a power of 2. We do not need to divide "
	-"the square of the f-number by `32`. We only need to use `fscale` to shift "
	-"it right by five positions. In the FPU lingo it means we will `fscale` it "
	-"with `st(1)` equal to `-5`. That is _much faster_ than a division."
	-msgstr ""
	-"`32` — это не просто целое число, это степень двойки. Нам не нужно делить "
	-"квадрат числа f на `32`. Достаточно использовать `fscale` для сдвига вправо "
	-"на пять позиций. В терминологии FPU это означает, что мы применим `fscale` "
	-"со значением `st(1)` равным `-5`. Это _гораздо быстрее_, чем деление."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3228
	-msgid ""
	-"So, now it has become clear why we have saved the square of the f-number on "
	-"the top of the FPU stack. The calculation of the f5.6 multiplier is the "
	-"easiest calculation of this entire program! We will output it rounded to "
	-"four significant digits."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Итак, теперь стало ясно, зачем мы сохранили квадрат числа f на вершине стека "
	-"FPU. Расчёт множителя для f5.6 — это самое простое вычисление во всей "
	-"программе! Мы выведем его, округлив до четырёх значащих цифр."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3231
	-msgid ""
	-"There is one more useful number we can calculate: The number of stops our f-"
	-"number is from f5.6. This may help us if our f-number is just outside the "
	-"range of our light meter, but we have a shutter which lets us set various "
	-"speeds, and this shutter uses stops."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Есть ещё одно полезное число, которое мы можем вычислить: количество "
	-"ступеней, на которые наше значение диафрагмы отличается от f5.6. Это может "
	-"помочь, если наше значение диафрагмы находится чуть за пределами диапазона "
	-"нашего экспонометра, но у нас есть затвор, который позволяет устанавливать "
	-"различные выдержки, и этот затвор использует ступени."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3234
	-msgid ""
	-"Say, our f-number is 5 stops from f5.6, and the light meter says we should "
	-"use 1/1000 sec. Then we can set our shutter speed to 1/1000 first, then "
	-"move the dial by 5 stops."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Предположим, наше число диафрагмы на 5 ступеней отличается от f5.6, а "
	-"экспонометр показывает, что нужно использовать выдержку 1/1000 сек. Тогда мы "
	-"можем сначала установить выдержку на 1/1000, а затем повернуть диск на 5 "
	-"ступеней."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3239
	-msgid ""
	-"This calculation is quite easy as well. All we have to do is to calculate "
	-"the base-2 logarithm of the f5.6 multiplier we had just calculated (though "
	-"we need its value from before we rounded it off). We then output the result "
	-"rounded to the nearest integer. We do not need to worry about having more "
	-"than four significant digits in this one: The result is most likely to have "
	-"only one or two digits anyway."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Этот расчет также довольно прост. Все, что нам нужно сделать, это вычислить "
	-"логарифм по основанию 2 от множителя f5.6, который мы только что рассчитали ("
	-"хотя нам нужно его значение до округления). Затем мы выводим результат, "
	-"округленный до ближайшего целого числа. Нам не нужно беспокоиться о наличии "
	-"более четырёх значащих цифр в этом случае: скорее всего, результат будет "
	-"содержать только одну или две цифры."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3241
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "FPU Optimizations"
	-msgstr "Оптимизации FPU"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3244
	-msgid ""
	-"In assembly language we can optimize the FPU code in ways impossible in high "
	-"languages, including C."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В ассемблерном коде мы можем оптимизировать инструкции FPU способами, "
	-"невозможными в языках высокого уровня, включая C."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3248
	-msgid ""
	-"Whenever a C function needs to calculate a floating-point value, it loads "
	-"all necessary variables and constants into FPU registers. It then does "
	-"whatever calculation is required to get the correct result. Good C "
	-"compilers can optimize that part of the code really well."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Всякий раз, когда функции на языке C требуется вычислить значение с "
	-"плавающей запятой, она загружает все необходимые переменные и константы в "
	-"регистры FPU. Затем выполняются все необходимые вычисления для получения "
	-"правильного результата. Хорошие компиляторы C могут очень эффективно "
	-"оптимизировать эту часть кода."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3252
	-msgid ""
	-"It \"returns\" the value by leaving the result on the TOS. However, before "
	-"it returns, it cleans up. Any variables and constants it used in its "
	-"calculation are now gone from the FPU."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Он \"возвращает\" значение, оставляя результат на вершине стека (TOS). "
	-"Однако перед возвратом он выполняет очистку. Все переменные и константы, "
	-"использованные в вычислениях, теперь удалены из FPU."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3254
	-msgid ""
	-"It cannot do what we just did above: We calculated the square of the f-"
	-"number and kept it on the stack for later use by another function."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Он не может сделать то, что мы только что сделали выше: мы вычислили квадрат "
	-"числа f и оставили его в стеке для последующего использования другой "
	-"функцией."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3257
	-msgid ""
	-"We _knew_ we would need that value later on. We also knew we had enough "
	-"room on the stack (which only has room for 8 numbers) to store it there."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы _знали_, что это значение понадобится позже. Мы также знали, что у нас "
	-"достаточно места в стеке (в котором помещается только 8 чисел), чтобы "
	-"сохранить его там."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3259
	-msgid ""
	-"A C compiler has no way of knowing that a value it has on the stack will be "
	-"required again in the very near future."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Компилятор C не может знать, что значение, находящееся в стеке, потребуется "
	-"снова в ближайшем будущем."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3262
	-msgid ""
	-"Of course, the C programmer may know it. But the only recourse he has is to "
	-"store the value in a memory variable."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Конечно, программист на C может это знать. Но единственное средство, которое "
	-"у него есть, — это сохранить значение в переменной памяти."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3264
	-msgid ""
	-"That means, for one, the value will be changed from the 80-bit precision "
	-"used internally by the FPU to a C _double_ (64 bits) or even _single_ (32 "
	-"bits)."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это означает, что значение будет изменено с 80-битной точности, используемой "
	-"внутри FPU, на тип _double_ (64 бита) или даже _single_ (32 бита) в C."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3267
	-msgid ""
	-"That also means that the value must be moved from the TOS into the memory, "
	-"and then back again. Alas, of all FPU operations, the ones that access the "
	-"computer memory are the slowest."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это также означает, что значение должно быть перемещено из TOS в память, а "
	-"затем обратно. Увы, среди всех операций с FPU, доступ к памяти компьютера "
	-"является самым медленным."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3269
	-msgid ""
	-"So, whenever programming the FPU in assembly language, look for the ways of "
	-"keeping intermediate results on the FPU stack."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Итак, при программировании FPU на языке ассемблера ищите способы хранения "
	-"промежуточных результатов в стеке FPU."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3271
	-msgid ""
	-"We can take that idea even further! In our program we are using a _constant_ "
	-"(the one we named `PC`)."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы можем развить эту идею ещё дальше! В нашей программе мы используем "
	-"_константу_ (ту, которую назвали `PC`)."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3274
	-msgid ""
	-"It does not matter how many pinhole diameters we are calculating: 1, 10, 20, "
	-"1000, we are always using the same constant. Therefore, we can optimize our "
	-"program by keeping the constant on the stack all the time."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Не имеет значения, сколько диаметров отверстий мы рассчитываем: 1, 10, 20, "
	-"1000, мы всегда используем одну и ту же константу. Следовательно, мы можем "
	-"оптимизировать нашу программу, сохраняя константу в стеке всё время."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3277
	-msgid ""
	-"Early on in our program, we are calculating the value of the above "
	-"constant. We need to divide our input by `10` for every digit in the "
	-"constant."
	-msgstr ""
	-"В начале нашей программы мы вычисляем значение указанной константы. Нам "
	-"нужно разделить наш вход на `10` для каждой цифры в константе."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3280
	-msgid ""
	-"It is much faster to multiply than to divide. So, at the start of our "
	-"program, we divide `10` into `1` to obtain `0.1`, which we then keep on the "
	-"stack: Instead of dividing the input by `10` for every digit, we multiply it "
	-"by `0.1`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Гораздо быстрее умножать, чем делить. Поэтому в начале нашей программы мы "
	-"делим `1` на `10`, чтобы получить `0.1`, который затем сохраняем в стеке: "
	-"вместо того чтобы делить ввод на `10` для каждой цифры, мы умножаем его на "
	-"`0.1`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3284
	-msgid ""
	-"By the way, we do not input `0.1` directly, even though we could. We have a "
	-"reason for that: While `0.1` can be expressed with just one decimal place, "
	-"we do not know how many _binary_ places it takes. We, therefore, let the "
	-"FPU calculate its binary value to its own high precision."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Кстати, мы не вводим `0.1` напрямую, хотя могли бы. У нас есть причина для "
	-"этого: хотя `0.1` можно выразить всего одним десятичным знаком, мы не знаем, "
	-"сколько _двоичных_ разрядов для этого потребуется. Поэтому мы позволяем FPU "
	-"вычислить его двоичное значение с собственной высокой точностью."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3289
	-msgid ""
	-"We are using other constants: We multiply the pinhole diameter by `1000` to "
	-"convert it from millimeters to microns. We compare numbers to `10000` when "
	-"we are rounding them off to four significant digits. So, we keep both, "
	-"`1000` and `10000`, on the stack. And, of course, we reuse the `0.1` when "
	-"rounding off numbers to four digits."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы используем другие константы: умножаем диаметр отверстия на `1000`, чтобы "
	-"перевести его из миллиметров в микроны. Мы сравниваем числа с `10000`, когда "
	-"округляем их до четырёх значащих цифр. Таким образом, мы оставляем и `1000`, "
	-"и `10000` в стеке. И, конечно же, мы повторно используем `0.1` при "
	-"округлении чисел до четырёх цифр."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3295
	-msgid ""
	-"Last but not least, we keep `-5` on the stack. We need it to scale the "
	-"square of the f-number, instead of dividing it by `32`. It is not by "
	-"coincidence we load this constant last. That makes it the top of the stack "
	-"when only the constants are on it. So, when the square of the f-number is "
	-"being scaled, the `-5` is at `st(1)`, precisely where `fscale` expects it to "
	-"be."
	-msgstr ""
	-"И последнее, но не менее важное: мы оставляем `-5` в стеке. Он нам нужен для "
	-"масштабирования квадрата числа f вместо деления его на `32`. Не случайно мы "
	-"загружаем эту константу последней. Это делает её вершиной стека, когда в нём "
	-"находятся только константы. Таким образом, при масштабировании квадрата "
	-"число f `-5` находится в `st(1)`, именно там, где `fscale` ожидает его "
	-"увидеть."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3298
	-msgid ""
	-"It is common to create certain constants from scratch instead of loading "
	-"them from the memory. That is what we are doing with `-5`:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это обычная ситуация, когда некоторые константы создаются с нуля, вместо "
	-"загрузки их из памяти. Именно это мы делаем с `-5`:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3307
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tfld1\t\t\t; TOS = 1\n"
	-"\tfadd\tst0, st0\t; TOS = 2\n"
	-"\tfadd\tst0, st0\t; TOS = 4\n"
	-"\tfld1\t\t\t; TOS = 1\n"
	-"\tfaddp\tst1, st0\t; TOS = 5\n"
	-"\tfchs\t\t\t; TOS = -5\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tfld1\t\t\t; TOS = 1\n"
	-"\tfadd\tst0, st0\t; TOS = 2\n"
	-"\tfadd\tst0, st0\t; TOS = 4\n"
	-"\tfld1\t\t\t; TOS = 1\n"
	-"\tfaddp\tst1, st0\t; TOS = 5\n"
	-"\tfchs\t\t\t; TOS = -5\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3310
	-msgid ""
	-"We can generalize all these optimizations into one rule: _Keep repeat values "
	-"on the stack!_"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы можем обобщить все эти оптимизации в одном правиле: _Держите "
	-"повторяющиеся значения в стеке!_"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3315
	-msgid ""
	-"_PostScript(R)_ is a stack-oriented programming language. There are many "
	-"more books available about PostScript(R) than about the FPU assembly "
	-"language: Mastering PostScript(R) will help you master the FPU."
	-msgstr ""
	-"_PostScript(R)_ — это стековая язык программирования. Существует гораздо "
	-"больше книг о PostScript(R), чем о языке ассемблера FPU: освоение "
	-"PostScript(R) поможет вам овладеть FPU."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3318
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "pinhole-The Code"
	-msgstr "Код pinhole"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3333
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-";;;;;;; pinhole.asm ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Find various parameters of a pinhole camera construction and use\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Started:\t 9-Jun-2001\n"
	-"; Updated:\t10-Jun-2001\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Copyright (c) 2001 G. Adam Stanislav\n"
	-"; All rights reserved.\n"
	-";\n"
	-";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-";;;;;;; pinhole.asm ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Find various parameters of a pinhole camera construction and use\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Started:\t 9-Jun-2001\n"
	-"; Updated:\t10-Jun-2001\n"
	-";\n"
	-"; Copyright (c) 2001 G. Adam Stanislav\n"
	-"; All rights reserved.\n"
	-";\n"
	-";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3368
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"section\t.data\n"
	-"align 4\n"
	-"ten\tdd\t10\n"
	-"thousand\tdd\t1000\n"
	-"tthou\tdd\t10000\n"
	-"fd.in\tdd\tstdin\n"
	-"fd.out\tdd\tstdout\n"
	-"envar\tdb\t'PINHOLE='\t; Exactly 8 bytes, or 2 dwords long\n"
	-"pinhole\tdb\t'04,', \t\t; Bender's constant (0.04)\n"
	-"connors\tdb\t'037', 0Ah\t; Connors' constant\n"
	-"usg\tdb\t'Usage: pinhole [-b] [-c] [-e] [-p <value>] [-o <outfile>] [-i <infile>]', 0Ah\n"
	-"usglen\tequ\t$-usg\n"
	-"iemsg\tdb\t\"pinhole: Can't open input file\", 0Ah\n"
	-"iemlen\tequ\t$-iemsg\n"
	-"oemsg\tdb\t\"pinhole: Can't create output file\", 0Ah\n"
	-"oemlen\tequ\t$-oemsg\n"
	-"pinmsg\tdb\t\"pinhole: The PINHOLE constant must not be 0\", 0Ah\n"
	-"pinlen\tequ\t$-pinmsg\n"
	-"toobig\tdb\t\"pinhole: The PINHOLE constant may not exceed 18 decimal places\", 0Ah\n"
	-"biglen\tequ\t$-toobig\n"
	-"huhmsg\tdb\t9, '???'\n"
	-"separ\tdb\t9, '???'\n"
	-"sep2\tdb\t9, '???'\n"
	-"sep3\tdb\t9, '???'\n"
	-"sep4\tdb\t9, '???', 0Ah\n"
	-"huhlen\tequ\t$-huhmsg\n"
	-"header\tdb\t'focal length in millimeters,pinhole diameter in microns,'\n"
	-"\tdb\t'F-number,normalized F-number,F-5.6 multiplier,stops '\n"
	-"\tdb\t'from F-5.6', 0Ah\n"
	-"headlen\tequ\t$-header\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"section\t.data\n"
	-"align 4\n"
	-"ten\tdd\t10\n"
	-"thousand\tdd\t1000\n"
	-"tthou\tdd\t10000\n"
	-"fd.in\tdd\tstdin\n"
	-"fd.out\tdd\tstdout\n"
	-"envar\tdb\t'PINHOLE='\t; Exactly 8 bytes, or 2 dwords long\n"
	-"pinhole\tdb\t'04,', \t\t; Bender's constant (0.04)\n"
	-"connors\tdb\t'037', 0Ah\t; Connors' constant\n"
	-"usg\tdb\t'Usage: pinhole [-b] [-c] [-e] [-p <value>] [-o <outfile>] [-i <infile>]', 0Ah\n"
	-"usglen\tequ\t$-usg\n"
	-"iemsg\tdb\t\"pinhole: Can't open input file\", 0Ah\n"
	-"iemlen\tequ\t$-iemsg\n"
	-"oemsg\tdb\t\"pinhole: Can't create output file\", 0Ah\n"
	-"oemlen\tequ\t$-oemsg\n"
	-"pinmsg\tdb\t\"pinhole: The PINHOLE constant must not be 0\", 0Ah\n"
	-"pinlen\tequ\t$-pinmsg\n"
	-"toobig\tdb\t\"pinhole: The PINHOLE constant may not exceed 18 decimal places\", 0Ah\n"
	-"biglen\tequ\t$-toobig\n"
	-"huhmsg\tdb\t9, '???'\n"
	-"separ\tdb\t9, '???'\n"
	-"sep2\tdb\t9, '???'\n"
	-"sep3\tdb\t9, '???'\n"
	-"sep4\tdb\t9, '???', 0Ah\n"
	-"huhlen\tequ\t$-huhmsg\n"
	-"header\tdb\t'focal length in millimeters,pinhole diameter in microns,'\n"
	-"\tdb\t'F-number,normalized F-number,F-5.6 multiplier,stops '\n"
	-"\tdb\t'from F-5.6', 0Ah\n"
	-"headlen\tequ\t$-header\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3374
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"section .bss\n"
	-"ibuffer\tresb\tBUFSIZE\n"
	-"obuffer\tresb\tBUFSIZE\n"
	-"dbuffer\tresb\t20\t\t; decimal input buffer\n"
	-"bbuffer\tresb\t10\t\t; BCD buffer\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"section .bss\n"
	-"ibuffer\tresb\tBUFSIZE\n"
	-"obuffer\tresb\tBUFSIZE\n"
	-"dbuffer\tresb\t20\t\t; decimal input buffer\n"
	-"bbuffer\tresb\t10\t\t; BCD buffer\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3385
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"section\t.text\n"
	-"align 4\n"
	-"huh:\n"
	-"\tcall\twrite\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword huhlen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword huhmsg\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword [fd.out]\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"section\t.text\n"
	-"align 4\n"
	-"huh:\n"
	-"\tcall\twrite\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword huhlen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword huhmsg\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword [fd.out]\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3394
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"perr:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword pinlen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword pinmsg\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stderr\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 4\t\t; return failure\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"perr:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword pinlen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword pinmsg\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stderr\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 4\t\t; return failure\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3403
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"consttoobig:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword biglen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword toobig\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stderr\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 5\t\t; return failure\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"consttoobig:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword biglen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword toobig\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stderr\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 5\t\t; return failure\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3412
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"ierr:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword iemlen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword iemsg\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stderr\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 1\t\t; return failure\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"ierr:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword iemlen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword iemsg\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword stderr\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword 1\t\t; return failure\n"
	-"\tsys.exit\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3436
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"global\t_start\n"
	-"_start:\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 8\t; discard argc and argv[0]\n"
	-"\tsub\tesi, esi\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"global\t_start\n"
	-"_start:\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 8\t; discard argc and argv[0]\n"
	-"\tsub\tesi, esi\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3441
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".arg:\n"
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tor\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tje\tnear .getenv\t\t; no more arguments\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".arg:\n"
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tor\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tje\tnear .getenv\t\t; no more arguments\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3449
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tinc\tecx\n"
	-"\tmov\tax, [ecx]\n"
	-"\tinc\tecx\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tinc\tecx\n"
	-"\tmov\tax, [ecx]\n"
	-"\tinc\tecx\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3467
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tjne\t.openoutput\n"
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tjecxz\tusage\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tjne\t.openoutput\n"
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tjecxz\tusage\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3494
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Find the path to the input file\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tjne\t.openinput\n"
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tor\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tje near usage\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Find the path to the input file\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tjne\t.openinput\n"
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tor\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tje near usage\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3510
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".p:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 'p'\n"
	-"\tjne\t.c\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tjne\t.pcheck\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".p:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 'p'\n"
	-"\tjne\t.c\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tjne\t.pcheck\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3514
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tor\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tje\tnear usage\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tor\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tje\tnear usage\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3516
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "\tmov\tah, [ecx]\n"
	-msgstr "\tmov\tah, [ecx]\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3524
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".pcheck:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tah, '0'\n"
	-"\tjl\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tcmp\tah, '9'\n"
	-"\tja\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, ecx\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.arg\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".pcheck:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tah, '0'\n"
	-"\tjl\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tcmp\tah, '9'\n"
	-"\tja\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, ecx\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.arg\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3532
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".c:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 'c'\n"
	-"\tjne\t.b\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tjne\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, connors\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.arg\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".c:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 'c'\n"
	-"\tjne\t.b\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tjne\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, connors\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.arg\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3540
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".b:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 'b'\n"
	-"\tjne\t.e\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tjne\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, pinhole\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.arg\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".b:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 'b'\n"
	-"\tjne\t.e\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tjne\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, pinhole\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.arg\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3553
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".e:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 'e'\n"
	-"\tjne\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tjne\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, ','\n"
	-"\tmov\t[huhmsg], al\n"
	-"\tmov\t[separ], al\n"
	-"\tmov\t[sep2], al\n"
	-"\tmov\t[sep3], al\n"
	-"\tmov\t[sep4], al\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.arg\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".e:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 'e'\n"
	-"\tjne\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tor\tah, ah\n"
	-"\tjne\tnear usage\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, ','\n"
	-"\tmov\t[huhmsg], al\n"
	-"\tmov\t[separ], al\n"
	-"\tmov\t[sep2], al\n"
	-"\tmov\t[sep3], al\n"
	-"\tmov\t[sep4], al\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.arg\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3560
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".getenv:\n"
	-"\t; If ESI = 0, we did not have a -p argument,\n"
	-"\t; and need to check the environment for \"PINHOLE=\"\n"
	-"\tor\tesi, esi\n"
	-"\tjne\t.init\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".getenv:\n"
	-"\t; If ESI = 0, we did not have a -p argument,\n"
	-"\t; and need to check the environment for \"PINHOLE=\"\n"
	-"\tor\tesi, esi\n"
	-"\tjne\t.init\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3562
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "\tsub\tecx, ecx\n"
	-msgstr "\tsub\tecx, ecx\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3567
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".nextenv:\n"
	-"\tpop\tesi\n"
	-"\tor\tesi, esi\n"
	-"\tje\t.default\t; no PINHOLE envar found\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".nextenv:\n"
	-"\tpop\tesi\n"
	-"\tor\tesi, esi\n"
	-"\tje\t.default\t; no PINHOLE envar found\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3573
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; check if this envar starts with 'PINHOLE='\n"
	-"\tmov\tedi, envar\n"
	-"\tmov\tcl, 2\t\t; 'PINHOLE=' is 2 dwords long\n"
	-"rep\tcmpsd\n"
	-"\tjne\t.nextenv\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; check if this envar starts with 'PINHOLE='\n"
	-"\tmov\tedi, envar\n"
	-"\tmov\tcl, 2\t\t; 'PINHOLE=' is 2 dwords long\n"
	-"rep\tcmpsd\n"
	-"\tjne\t.nextenv\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3581
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Check if it is followed by a digit\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, [esi]\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tjl\t.default\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '9'\n"
	-"\tjbe\t.init\n"
	-"\t; fall through\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Check if it is followed by a digit\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, [esi]\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tjl\t.default\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '9'\n"
	-"\tjbe\t.init\n"
	-"\t; fall through\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3588
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".default:\n"
	-"\t; We got here because we had no -p argument,\n"
	-"\t; and did not find the PINHOLE envar.\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, pinhole\n"
	-"\t; fall through\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".default:\n"
	-"\t; We got here because we had no -p argument,\n"
	-"\t; and did not find the PINHOLE envar.\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, pinhole\n"
	-"\t; fall through\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3597
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".init:\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tsub\tebx, ebx\n"
	-"\tsub\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tsub\tedx, edx\n"
	-"\tmov\tedi, dbuffer+1\n"
	-"\tmov\tbyte [dbuffer], '0'\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".init:\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tsub\tebx, ebx\n"
	-"\tsub\tecx, ecx\n"
	-"\tsub\tedx, edx\n"
	-"\tmov\tedi, dbuffer+1\n"
	-"\tmov\tbyte [dbuffer], '0'\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3606
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Convert the pinhole constant to real\n"
	-".constloop:\n"
	-"\tlodsb\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '9'\n"
	-"\tja\t.setconst\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tje\t.processconst\n"
	-"\tjb\t.setconst\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Convert the pinhole constant to real\n"
	-".constloop:\n"
	-"\tlodsb\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '9'\n"
	-"\tja\t.setconst\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tje\t.processconst\n"
	-"\tjb\t.setconst\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3608
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "\tinc\tdl\n"
	-msgstr "\tinc\tdl\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3615
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".processconst:\n"
	-"\tinc\tcl\n"
	-"\tcmp\tcl, 18\n"
	-"\tja\tnear consttoobig\n"
	-"\tstosb\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .constloop\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".processconst:\n"
	-"\tinc\tcl\n"
	-"\tcmp\tcl, 18\n"
	-"\tja\tnear consttoobig\n"
	-"\tstosb\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .constloop\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3620
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".setconst:\n"
	-"\tor\tdl, dl\n"
	-"\tje\tnear perr\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".setconst:\n"
	-"\tor\tdl, dl\n"
	-"\tje\tnear perr\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3623
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tfinit\n"
	-"\tfild\tdword [tthou]\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tfinit\n"
	-"\tfild\tdword [tthou]\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3627
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tfld1\n"
	-"\tfild\tdword [ten]\n"
	-"\tfdivp\tst1, st0\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tfld1\n"
	-"\tfild\tdword [ten]\n"
	-"\tfdivp\tst1, st0\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3630
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tfild\tdword [thousand]\n"
	-"\tmov\tedi, obuffer\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tfild\tdword [thousand]\n"
	-"\tmov\tedi, obuffer\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3633
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tmov\tebp, ecx\n"
	-"\tcall\tbcdload\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tmov\tebp, ecx\n"
	-"\tcall\tbcdload\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3637
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".constdiv:\n"
	-"\tfmul\tst0, st2\n"
	-"\tloop\t.constdiv\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".constdiv:\n"
	-"\tfmul\tst0, st2\n"
	-"\tloop\t.constdiv\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3644
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tfld1\n"
	-"\tfadd\tst0, st0\n"
	-"\tfadd\tst0, st0\n"
	-"\tfld1\n"
	-"\tfaddp\tst1, st0\n"
	-"\tfchs\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tfld1\n"
	-"\tfadd\tst0, st0\n"
	-"\tfadd\tst0, st0\n"
	-"\tfld1\n"
	-"\tfaddp\tst1, st0\n"
	-"\tfchs\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3649
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; If we are creating a CSV file,\n"
	-"\t; print header\n"
	-"\tcmp\tbyte [separ], ','\n"
	-"\tjne\t.bigloop\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; If we are creating a CSV file,\n"
	-"\t; print header\n"
	-"\tcmp\tbyte [separ], ','\n"
	-"\tjne\t.bigloop\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3654
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tpush\tdword headlen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword header\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword [fd.out]\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tpush\tdword headlen\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword header\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword [fd.out]\n"
	-"\tsys.write\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3658
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".bigloop:\n"
	-"\tcall\tgetchar\n"
	-"\tjc\tnear done\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".bigloop:\n"
	-"\tcall\tgetchar\n"
	-"\tjc\tnear done\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3664
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Skip to the end of the line if you got '#'\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '#'\n"
	-"\tjne\t.num\n"
	-"\tcall\tskiptoeol\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .bigloop\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Skip to the end of the line if you got '#'\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '#'\n"
	-"\tjne\t.num\n"
	-"\tcall\tskiptoeol\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .bigloop\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3671
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".num:\n"
	-"\t; See if you got a number\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tjl\t.bigloop\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '9'\n"
	-"\tja\t.bigloop\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".num:\n"
	-"\t; See if you got a number\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tjl\t.bigloop\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '9'\n"
	-"\tja\t.bigloop\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3675
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Yes, we have a number\n"
	-"\tsub\tebp, ebp\n"
	-"\tsub\tedx, edx\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Yes, we have a number\n"
	-"\tsub\tebp, ebp\n"
	-"\tsub\tedx, edx\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3680
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".number:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tje\t.number0\n"
	-"\tmov\tdl, 1\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".number:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tje\t.number0\n"
	-"\tmov\tdl, 1\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3691
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".number0:\n"
	-"\tor\tdl, dl\t\t; Skip leading 0's\n"
	-"\tje\t.nextnumber\n"
	-"\tpush\teax\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-"\tpop\teax\n"
	-"\tinc\tebp\n"
	-"\tcmp\tebp, 19\n"
	-"\tjae\t.nextnumber\n"
	-"\tmov\t[dbuffer+ebp], al\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".number0:\n"
	-"\tor\tdl, dl\t\t; Skip leading 0's\n"
	-"\tje\t.nextnumber\n"
	-"\tpush\teax\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-"\tpop\teax\n"
	-"\tinc\tebp\n"
	-"\tcmp\tebp, 19\n"
	-"\tjae\t.nextnumber\n"
	-"\tmov\t[dbuffer+ebp], al\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3702
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".nextnumber:\n"
	-"\tcall\tgetchar\n"
	-"\tjc\t.work\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '#'\n"
	-"\tje\t.ungetc\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tjl\t.work\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '9'\n"
	-"\tja\t.work\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .number\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".nextnumber:\n"
	-"\tcall\tgetchar\n"
	-"\tjc\t.work\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '#'\n"
	-"\tje\t.ungetc\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tjl\t.work\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, '9'\n"
	-"\tja\t.work\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .number\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3706
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".ungetc:\n"
	-"\tdec\tesi\n"
	-"\tinc\tebx\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".ungetc:\n"
	-"\tdec\tesi\n"
	-"\tinc\tebx\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3711
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".work:\n"
	-"\t; Now, do all the work\n"
	-"\tor\tdl, dl\n"
	-"\tje\tnear .work0\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".work:\n"
	-"\t; Now, do all the work\n"
	-"\tor\tdl, dl\n"
	-"\tje\tnear .work0\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3714
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tcmp\tebp, 19\n"
	-"\tjae\tnear .toobig\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tcmp\tebp, 19\n"
	-"\tjae\tnear .toobig\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3716
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "\tcall\tbcdload\n"
	-msgstr "\tcall\tbcdload\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3718
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "\t; Calculate pinhole diameter\n"
	-msgstr "\t; Calculate pinhole diameter\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3725
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tfld\tst0\t; save it\n"
	-"\tfsqrt\n"
	-"\tfmul\tst0, st3\n"
	-"\tfld\tst0\n"
	-"\tfmul\tst5\n"
	-"\tsub\tebp, ebp\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tfld\tst0\t; save it\n"
	-"\tfsqrt\n"
	-"\tfmul\tst0, st3\n"
	-"\tfld\tst0\n"
	-"\tfmul\tst5\n"
	-"\tsub\tebp, ebp\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3735
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Round off to 4 significant digits\n"
	-".diameter:\n"
	-"\tfcom\tst0, st7\n"
	-"\tfstsw\tax\n"
	-"\tsahf\n"
	-"\tjb\t.printdiameter\n"
	-"\tfmul\tst0, st6\n"
	-"\tinc\tebp\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .diameter\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Round off to 4 significant digits\n"
	-".diameter:\n"
	-"\tfcom\tst0, st7\n"
	-"\tfstsw\tax\n"
	-"\tsahf\n"
	-"\tjb\t.printdiameter\n"
	-"\tfmul\tst0, st6\n"
	-"\tinc\tebp\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .diameter\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3738
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".printdiameter:\n"
	-"\tcall\tprintnumber\t; pinhole diameter\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".printdiameter:\n"
	-"\tcall\tprintnumber\t; pinhole diameter\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3740
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "\t; Calculate F-number\n"
	-msgstr "\t; Calculate F-number\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3743
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tfdivp\tst1, st0\n"
	-"\tfld\tst0\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tfdivp\tst1, st0\n"
	-"\tfld\tst0\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3745
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "\tsub\tebp, ebp\n"
	-msgstr "\tsub\tebp, ebp\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3754
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".fnumber:\n"
	-"\tfcom\tst0, st6\n"
	-"\tfstsw\tax\n"
	-"\tsahf\n"
	-"\tjb\t.printfnumber\n"
	-"\tfmul\tst0, st5\n"
	-"\tinc\tebp\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .fnumber\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".fnumber:\n"
	-"\tfcom\tst0, st6\n"
	-"\tfstsw\tax\n"
	-"\tsahf\n"
	-"\tjb\t.printfnumber\n"
	-"\tfmul\tst0, st5\n"
	-"\tinc\tebp\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .fnumber\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3757
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".printfnumber:\n"
	-"\tcall\tprintnumber\t; F number\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".printfnumber:\n"
	-"\tcall\tprintnumber\t; F number\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3768
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Calculate normalized F-number\n"
	-"\tfmul\tst0, st0\n"
	-"\tfld1\n"
	-"\tfld\tst1\n"
	-"\tfyl2x\n"
	-"\tfrndint\n"
	-"\tfld1\n"
	-"\tfscale\n"
	-"\tfsqrt\n"
	-"\tfstp\tst1\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Calculate normalized F-number\n"
	-"\tfmul\tst0, st0\n"
	-"\tfld1\n"
	-"\tfld\tst1\n"
	-"\tfyl2x\n"
	-"\tfrndint\n"
	-"\tfld1\n"
	-"\tfscale\n"
	-"\tfsqrt\n"
	-"\tfstp\tst1\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3771
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3799
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tsub\tebp, ebp\n"
	-"\tcall\tprintnumber\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tsub\tebp, ebp\n"
	-"\tcall\tprintnumber\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3773
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "\t; Calculate time multiplier from F-5.6\n"
	-msgstr "\t; Calculate time multiplier from F-5.6\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3776
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tfscale\n"
	-"\tfld\tst0\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tfscale\n"
	-"\tfld\tst0\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3782
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Round off to 4 significant digits\n"
	-".fmul:\n"
	-"\tfcom\tst0, st6\n"
	-"\tfstsw\tax\n"
	-"\tsahf\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Round off to 4 significant digits\n"
	-".fmul:\n"
	-"\tfcom\tst0, st6\n"
	-"\tfstsw\tax\n"
	-"\tsahf\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3787
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tjb\t.printfmul\n"
	-"\tinc\tebp\n"
	-"\tfmul\tst0, st5\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .fmul\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tjb\t.printfmul\n"
	-"\tinc\tebp\n"
	-"\tfmul\tst0, st5\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .fmul\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3790
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".printfmul:\n"
	-"\tcall\tprintnumber\t; F multiplier\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".printfmul:\n"
	-"\tcall\tprintnumber\t; F multiplier\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3792
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "\t; Calculate F-stops from 5.6\n"
	-msgstr "\t; Calculate F-stops from 5.6\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3796
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tfld1\n"
	-"\tfxch\tst1\n"
	-"\tfyl2x\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tfld1\n"
	-"\tfxch\tst1\n"
	-"\tfyl2x\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3803
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tmov\tal, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.bigloop\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tmov\tal, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.bigloop\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3807
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".work0:\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".work0:\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3812
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".toobig:\n"
	-"\tcall\thuh\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.bigloop\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".toobig:\n"
	-"\tcall\thuh\n"
	-"\tjmp\t.bigloop\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3816
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"done:\n"
	-"\tcall\twrite\t\t; flush output buffer\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"done:\n"
	-"\tcall\twrite\t\t; flush output buffer\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3825
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "\tfinit\n"
	-msgstr "\tfinit\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3838
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"skiptoeol:\n"
	-"\t; Keep reading until you come to cr, lf, or eof\n"
	-"\tcall\tgetchar\n"
	-"\tjc\tdone\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tjne\t.cr\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"skiptoeol:\n"
	-"\t; Keep reading until you come to cr, lf, or eof\n"
	-"\tcall\tgetchar\n"
	-"\tjc\tdone\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 0Ah\n"
	-"\tjne\t.cr\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3843
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".cr:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 0Dh\n"
	-"\tjne\tskiptoeol\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".cr:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tal, 0Dh\n"
	-"\tjne\tskiptoeol\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3856
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".fetch:\n"
	-"\tlodsb\n"
	-"\tdec\tebx\n"
	-"\tclc\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".fetch:\n"
	-"\tlodsb\n"
	-"\tdec\tebx\n"
	-"\tclc\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3873
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".read:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword BUFSIZE\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, ibuffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tesi\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword [fd.in]\n"
	-"\tsys.read\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, eax\n"
	-"\tor\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tje\t.empty\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".read:\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword BUFSIZE\n"
	-"\tmov\tesi, ibuffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tesi\n"
	-"\tpush\tdword [fd.in]\n"
	-"\tsys.read\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 12\n"
	-"\tmov\tebx, eax\n"
	-"\tor\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tje\t.empty\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3879
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".empty:\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 4\n"
	-"\tstc\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-".empty:\n"
	-"\tadd\tesp, byte 4\n"
	-"\tstc\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3908
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"bcdload:\n"
	-"\t; EBP contains the number of chars in dbuffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tpush\tesi\n"
	-"\tpush\tedi\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"bcdload:\n"
	-"\t; EBP contains the number of chars in dbuffer\n"
	-"\tpush\tecx\n"
	-"\tpush\tesi\n"
	-"\tpush\tedi\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3912
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tlea\tecx, [ebp+1]\n"
	-"\tlea\tesi, [dbuffer+ebp-1]\n"
	-"\tshr\tecx, 1\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tlea\tecx, [ebp+1]\n"
	-"\tlea\tesi, [dbuffer+ebp-1]\n"
	-"\tshr\tecx, 1\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3914
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "\tstd\n"
	-msgstr "\tstd\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3920
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tmov\tedi, bbuffer\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tmov\t[edi], eax\n"
	-"\tmov\t[edi+4], eax\n"
	-"\tmov\t[edi+2], ax\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tmov\tedi, bbuffer\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tmov\t[edi], eax\n"
	-"\tmov\t[edi+4], eax\n"
	-"\tmov\t[edi+2], ax\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3929
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".loop:\n"
	-"\tlodsw\n"
	-"\tsub\tax, 3030h\n"
	-"\tshl\tal, 4\n"
	-"\tor\tal, ah\n"
	-"\tmov\t[edi], al\n"
	-"\tinc\tedi\n"
	-"\tloop\t.loop\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".loop:\n"
	-"\tlodsw\n"
	-"\tsub\tax, 3030h\n"
	-"\tshl\tal, 4\n"
	-"\tor\tal, ah\n"
	-"\tmov\t[edi], al\n"
	-"\tinc\tedi\n"
	-"\tloop\t.loop\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3931
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "\tfbld\t[bbuffer]\n"
	-msgstr "\tfbld\t[bbuffer]\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3938
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tcld\n"
	-"\tpop\tedi\n"
	-"\tpop\tesi\n"
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tcld\n"
	-"\tpop\tedi\n"
	-"\tpop\tesi\n"
	-"\tpop\tecx\n"
	-"\tsub\teax, eax\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3944
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"printnumber:\n"
	-"\tpush\tebp\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, [separ]\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"align 4\n"
	-"printnumber:\n"
	-"\tpush\tebp\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, [separ]\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3948
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Print the integer at the TOS\n"
	-"\tmov\tebp, bbuffer+9\n"
	-"\tfbstp\t[bbuffer]\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Print the integer at the TOS\n"
	-"\tmov\tebp, bbuffer+9\n"
	-"\tfbstp\t[bbuffer]\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3954
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; Check the sign\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, [ebp]\n"
	-"\tdec\tebp\n"
	-"\tor\tal, al\n"
	-"\tjns\t.leading\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; Check the sign\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, [ebp]\n"
	-"\tdec\tebp\n"
	-"\tor\tal, al\n"
	-"\tjns\t.leading\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3958
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; We got a negative number (should never happen)\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, '-'\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; We got a negative number (should never happen)\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, '-'\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3967
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".leading:\n"
	-"\t; Skip leading zeros\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, [ebp]\n"
	-"\tdec\tebp\n"
	-"\tor\tal, al\n"
	-"\tjne\t.first\n"
	-"\tcmp\tebp, bbuffer\n"
	-"\tjae\t.leading\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".leading:\n"
	-"\t; Skip leading zeros\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, [ebp]\n"
	-"\tdec\tebp\n"
	-"\tor\tal, al\n"
	-"\tjne\t.first\n"
	-"\tcmp\tebp, bbuffer\n"
	-"\tjae\t.leading\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3972
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\t; We are here because the result was 0.\n"
	-"\t; Print '0' and return\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tjmp\tputchar\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\t; We are here because the result was 0.\n"
	-"\t; Print '0' and return\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tjmp\tputchar\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3984
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".first:\n"
	-"\t; We have found the first non-zero.\n"
	-"\t; But it is still packed\n"
	-"\ttest\tal, 0F0h\n"
	-"\tjz\t.second\n"
	-"\tpush\teax\n"
	-"\tshr\tal, 4\n"
	-"\tadd\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-"\tpop\teax\n"
	-"\tand\tal, 0Fh\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".first:\n"
	-"\t; We have found the first non-zero.\n"
	-"\t; But it is still packed\n"
	-"\ttest\tal, 0F0h\n"
	-"\tjz\t.second\n"
	-"\tpush\teax\n"
	-"\tshr\tal, 4\n"
	-"\tadd\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-"\tpop\teax\n"
	-"\tand\tal, 0Fh\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3988
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".second:\n"
	-"\tadd\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".second:\n"
	-"\tadd\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:3992
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".next:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tebp, bbuffer\n"
	-"\tjb\t.done\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".next:\n"
	-"\tcmp\tebp, bbuffer\n"
	-"\tjb\t.done\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4002
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tmov\tal, [ebp]\n"
	-"\tpush\teax\n"
	-"\tshr\tal, 4\n"
	-"\tadd\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-"\tpop\teax\n"
	-"\tand\tal, 0Fh\n"
	-"\tadd\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tmov\tal, [ebp]\n"
	-"\tpush\teax\n"
	-"\tshr\tal, 4\n"
	-"\tadd\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-"\tpop\teax\n"
	-"\tand\tal, 0Fh\n"
	-"\tadd\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4005
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"\tdec\tebp\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .next\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"\tdec\tebp\n"
	-"\tjmp\tshort .next\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4010
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".done:\n"
	-"\tpop\tebp\n"
	-"\tor\tebp, ebp\n"
	-"\tje\t.ret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".done:\n"
	-"\tpop\tebp\n"
	-"\tor\tebp, ebp\n"
	-"\tje\t.ret\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4016
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".zeros:\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-"\tdec\tebp\n"
	-"\tjne\t.zeros\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".zeros:\n"
	-"\tmov\tal, '0'\n"
	-"\tcall\tputchar\n"
	-"\tdec\tebp\n"
	-"\tjne\t.zeros\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4019
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-".ret:\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-".ret:\n"
	-"\tret\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4022
	-msgid ""
	-"The code follows the same format as all the other filters we have seen "
	-"before, with one subtle exception:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Код следует тому же формату, что и все остальные фильтры, которые мы видели "
	-"ранее, с одним небольшим исключением:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4025
	-msgid ""
	-"We are no longer assuming that the end of input implies the end of things to "
	-"do, something we took for granted in the _character-oriented_ filters."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы больше не предполагаем, что конец ввода означает конец задач, как мы "
	-"привыкли в фильтрах, _ориентированных на символы_."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4027
	-msgid ""
	-"This filter does not process characters. It processes a _language_ (albeit a "
	-"very simple one, consisting only of numbers)."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Этот фильтр не обрабатывает символы. Он обрабатывает _язык_ (хотя и очень "
	-"простой, состоящий только из чисел)."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4029
	-msgid "When we have no more input, it can mean one of two things:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Когда у нас больше нет входных данных, это может означать одно из двух:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4031
	-msgid "We are done and can quit. This is the same as before."
	-msgstr "Мы закончили и можем выйти. Это то же самое, что и раньше."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4032
	-msgid ""
	-"The last character we have read was a digit. We have stored it at the end of "
	-"our ASCII-to-float conversion buffer. We now need to convert the contents of "
	-"that buffer into a number and write the last line of our output."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Последний прочитанный символ был цифрой. Мы сохранили его в конце буфера "
	-"преобразования ASCII в число с плавающей точкой. Теперь нам нужно "
	-"преобразовать содержимое этого буфера в число и записать последнюю строку "
	-"нашего вывода."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4034
	-msgid ""
	-"For that reason, we have modified our `getchar` and our `read` routines to "
	-"return with the `carry flag` _clear_ whenever we are fetching another "
	-"character from the input, or the `carry flag` _set_ whenever there is no "
	-"more input."
	-msgstr ""
	-"По этой причине мы изменили наши подпрограммы `getchar` и `read`, чтобы они "
	-"возвращались с _сброшенным_ флагом `carry`, когда получают очередной символ "
	-"из ввода, или с _установленным_ флагом `carry`, когда ввода больше нет."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4037
	-msgid ""
	-"Of course, we are still using assembly language magic to do that! Take a "
	-"good look at `getchar`. It _always_ returns with the `carry flag` _clear_."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Конечно, мы по-прежнему используем магию ассемблера для этого! Внимательно "
	-"посмотрите на `getchar`. Он _всегда_ возвращает _очищенный_ `флаг переноса`."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4039
	-msgid ""
	-"Yet, our main code relies on the `carry flag` to tell it when to quit-and it "
	-"works."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Тем не менее, наш основной код использует `флаг переноса` для определения "
	-"момента завершения — и это работает."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4042
	-msgid ""
	-"The magic is in `read`. Whenever it receives more input from the system, it "
	-"just returns to `getchar`, which fetches a character from the input buffer, "
	-"_clears_ the `carry flag` and returns."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Волшебство кроется в `read`. Каждый раз, когда он получает больше входных "
	-"данных от системы, он просто возвращается к `getchar`, который извлекает "
	-"символ из входного буфера, _сбрасывает_ флаг переноса (`carry flag`) и "
	-"возвращает управление."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4045
	-msgid ""
	-"But when `read` receives no more input from the system, it does _not_ return "
	-"to `getchar` at all. Instead, the `add esp, byte 4` op code adds `4` to "
	-"`ESP`, _sets_ the `carry flag`, and returns."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Но когда `read` больше не получает входных данных от системы, он _не_ "
	-"возвращается к `getchar` вообще. Вместо этого, инструкция `add esp, byte 4` "
	-"добавляет `4` к `ESP`, _устанавливает_ флаг переноса (`carry flag`) и "
	-"возвращает управление."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4049
	-msgid ""
	-"So, where does it return to? Whenever a program uses the `call` op code, the "
	-"microprocessor ``push``es the return address, i.e., it stores it on the top "
	-"of the stack (not the FPU stack, the system stack, which is in the memory). "
	-"When a program uses the `ret` op code, the microprocessor ``pop``s the "
	-"return value from the stack, and jumps to the address that was stored there."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Итак, куда же она возвращается? Каждый раз, когда программа использует "
	-"операцию `call`, микропроцессор делает ``push`` для адрес возврата, то есть "
	-"сохраняет его на вершине стека (не стека FPU, а системного стека, который "
	-"находится в памяти). Когда программа использует операцию `ret`, "
	-"микропроцессор делает ``pop`` для значения возврата из стека и переходит по "
	-"адресу, который там был сохранён."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4051
	-msgid ""
	-"But since we added `4` to `ESP` (which is the stack pointer register), we "
	-"have effectively given the microprocessor a minor case of _amnesia_: It no "
	-"longer remembers it was `getchar` that ``call``ed `read`."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Но поскольку мы добавили `4` к `ESP` (который является регистром указателя "
	-"стека), мы фактически вызвали у микропроцессора лёгкий случай _амнезии_: он "
	-"больше не помнит, что именно `getchar` ``вызвал`` `read`."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block _ 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4053
	-msgid ""
	-"And since `getchar` never ``push``ed anything before ``call``ing `read`, the "
	-"top of the stack now contains the return address to whatever or whoever "
	-"``call``ed `getchar`. As far as that caller is concerned, he ``call``ed "
	-"`getchar`, which ``ret``urned with the `carry flag` set!"
	-msgstr ""
	-"И поскольку `getchar` не делал ``push`` ни для чего перед вызовом `read`, "
	-"верхушка стека теперь содержит адрес возврата к тому, что или кто вызывал "
	-"`getchar`. С точки зрения этого вызывающего, он вызывал `getchar`, который "
	-"вызвал ``ret`` с установленным `флагом переноса`!"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4056
	-msgid ""
	-"Other than that, the `bcdload` routine is caught up in the middle of a "
	-"Lilliputian conflict between the Big-Endians and the Little-Endians."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Помимо этого, процедура `bcdload` оказывается втянута в лилипутский конфликт "
	-"между Биг-Эндианцами и Литл-Эндианцами."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4058
	-msgid ""
	-"It is converting the text representation of a number into that number: The "
	-"text is stored in the big-endian order, but the _packed decimal_ is little-"
	-"endian."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Он преобразует текстовое представление числа в само число: текст хранится в "
	-"порядке big-endian, но _упакованный десятичный_ формат имеет порядок little-"
	-"endian."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4061
	-msgid ""
	-"To solve the conflict, we use the `std` op code early on. We cancel it with "
	-"`cld` later on: It is quite important we do not `call` anything that may "
	-"depend on the default setting of the _direction flag_ while `std` is active."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Для разрешения конфликта мы используем инструкцию процессора `std` в самом "
	-"начале. Позже мы отменяем его с помощью `cld`: очень важно не вызывать "
	-"ничего, что может зависеть от стандартного значения _флага направления_, "
	-"пока активен `std`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4063
	-msgid ""
	-"Everything else in this code should be quit eclear, providing you have read "
	-"the entire chapter that precedes it."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Всё остальное в этом коде должно быть достаточно понятным, при условии, что "
	-"вы прочитали всю предшествующую главу."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4066
	-msgid ""
	-"It is a classical example of the adage that programming requires a lot of "
	-"thought and only a little coding. Once we have thought through every tiny "
	-"detail, the code almost writes itself."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это классический пример поговорки о том, что программирование требует много "
	-"размышлений и лишь немного кодирования. Как только мы продумаем каждую "
	-"мельчайшую деталь, код практически напишется сам."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4068
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Using pinhole"
	-msgstr "Использование программы pinhole"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4072
	-msgid ""
	-"Because we have decided to make the program _ignore_ any input except for "
	-"numbers (and even those inside a comment), we can actually perform _textual "
	-"queries_. We do not _have to_, but we _can_."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Поскольку мы решили сделать так, чтобы программа _игнорировала_ любой ввод, "
	-"кроме чисел (и даже их внутри комментария), мы можем выполнять _текстовые "
	-"запросы_. Мы не _обязаны_ этого делать, но _можем_."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4074
	-msgid ""
	-"In my humble opinion, forming a textual query, instead of having to follow a "
	-"very strict syntax, makes software much more user friendly."
	-msgstr ""
	-"По моему скромному мнению, формирование текстового запроса вместо "
	-"необходимости следовать очень строгому синтаксису делает программное "
	-"обеспечение гораздо более дружелюбным к пользователю."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4080
	-msgid ""
	-"Suppose we want to build a pinhole camera to use the 4x5 inch film. The "
	-"standard focal length for that film is about 150mm. We want to _fine-tune_ "
	-"our focal length so the pinhole diameter is as round a number as possible. "
	-"Let us also suppose we are quite comfortable with cameras but somewhat "
	-"intimidated by computers. Rather than just have to type in a bunch of "
	-"numbers, we want to _ask_ a couple of questions."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Предположим, мы хотим построить камеру-обскуру для использования плёнки "
	-"размером 4x5 дюймов. Стандартное фокусное расстояние для такой плёнки "
	-"составляет около 150 мм. Мы хотим _точно настроить_ фокусное расстояние, "
	-"чтобы диаметр отверстия был как можно более круглым числом. Допустим также, "
	-"что мы хорошо разбираемся в фотоаппаратах, но немного боимся компьютеров. "
	-"Вместо того чтобы просто вводить кучу цифр, мы хотим _задать_ пару вопросов."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4082
	-msgid "Our session might look like this:"
	-msgstr "Наша сессия может выглядеть так:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4086
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "% pinhole\n"
	-msgstr "% pinhole\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4088
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Computer,\n"
	-msgstr "Computer,\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4101
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"What size pinhole do I need for the focal length of 150?\n"
	-"150\t490\t306\t362\t2930\t12\n"
	-"Hmmm... How about 160?\n"
	-"160\t506\t316\t362\t3125\t12\n"
	-"Let's make it 155, please.\n"
	-"155\t498\t311\t362\t3027\t12\n"
	-"Ah, let's try 157...\n"
	-"157\t501\t313\t362\t3066\t12\n"
	-"156?\n"
	-"156\t500\t312\t362\t3047\t12\n"
	-"That's it! Perfect! Thank you very much!\n"
	-"^D\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"What size pinhole do I need for the focal length of 150?\n"
	-"150\t490\t306\t362\t2930\t12\n"
	-"Hmmm... How about 160?\n"
	-"160\t506\t316\t362\t3125\t12\n"
	-"Let's make it 155, please.\n"
	-"155\t498\t311\t362\t3027\t12\n"
	-"Ah, let's try 157...\n"
	-"157\t501\t313\t362\t3066\t12\n"
	-"156?\n"
	-"156\t500\t312\t362\t3047\t12\n"
	-"That's it! Perfect! Thank you very much!\n"
	-"^D\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4104
	-msgid ""
	-"We have found that while for the focal length of 150, our pinhole diameter "
	-"should be 490 microns, or 0.49 mm, if we go with the almost identical focal "
	-"length of 156 mm, we can get away with a pinhole diameter of exactly one "
	-"half of a millimeter."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы выяснили, что при фокусном расстоянии 150 мм диаметр отверстия должен "
	-"составлять 490 микрон, или 0,49 мм, но если взять почти идентичное фокусное "
	-"расстояние 156 мм, можно использовать отверстие диаметром ровно половину "
	-"миллиметра."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4106
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Scripting"
	-msgstr "Скриптинг"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4109
	-msgid ""
	-"Because we have chosen the `+#+` character to denote the start of a comment, "
	-"we can treat our pinhole software as a _scripting language_."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Поскольку мы выбрали символ `+#+` для обозначения начала комментария, мы "
	-"можем рассматривать наше программное обеспечение pinhole как _скриптовый "
	-"язык_."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4111
	-msgid "You have probably seen shell _scripts_ that start with:"
	-msgstr "Вы, вероятно, видели _сценарии_ оболочки, которые начинаются с:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4115
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "#! /bin/sh\n"
	-msgstr "#! /bin/sh\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4118
	-msgid "...or..."
	-msgstr "...или..."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4122
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "#!/bin/sh\n"
	-msgstr "#!/bin/sh\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4125
	-msgid "...because the blank space after the `#!` is optional."
	-msgstr "...потому что пробел после `#!` необязателен."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4128
	-msgid ""
	-"Whenever UNIX(R) is asked to run an executable file which starts with the `#!"
	-"`, it assumes the file is a script. It adds the command to the rest of the "
	-"first line of the script, and tries to execute that."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Когда UNIX(R) получает запрос на выполнение исполняемого файла, который "
	-"начинается с `#!`, он предполагает, что это скрипт. Он добавляет команду к "
	-"остальной части первой строки скрипта и пытается выполнить её."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4130
	-msgid ""
	-"Suppose now that we have installed pinhole in /usr/local/bin/, we can now "
	-"write a script to calculate various pinhole diameters suitable for various "
	-"focal lengths commonly used with the 120 film."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Предположим, что мы установили pinhole в /usr/local/bin/, теперь мы можем "
	-"написать скрипт для расчёта различных диаметров отверстий, подходящих для "
	-"различных фокусных расстояний, обычно используемых с плёнкой 120."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4132
	-msgid "The script might look something like this:"
	-msgstr "Скрипт может выглядеть примерно так:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4138
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"#! /usr/local/bin/pinhole -b -i\n"
	-"# Find the best pinhole diameter\n"
	-"# for the 120 film\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"#! /usr/local/bin/pinhole -b -i\n"
	-"# Find the best pinhole diameter\n"
	-"# for the 120 film\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4141
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"### Standard\n"
	-"80\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"### Standard\n"
	-"80\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4144
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"### Wide angle\n"
	-"30, 40, 50, 60, 70\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"### Wide angle\n"
	-"30, 40, 50, 60, 70\n"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4147
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"### Telephoto\n"
	-"100, 120, 140\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"### Telephoto\n"
	-"100, 120, 140\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4150
	-msgid "Because 120 is a medium size film, we may name this file medium."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Поскольку 120 — это плёнка среднего размера, мы можем назвать этот файл "
	-"`medium`."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4152
	-msgid ""
	-"We can set its permissions to execute, and run it as if it were a program:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы можем установить права на выполнение и запустить его, как если бы это "
	-"была программа:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4157
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"% chmod 755 medium\n"
	-"% ./medium\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"% chmod 755 medium\n"
	-"% ./medium\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4160
	-msgid "UNIX(R) will interpret that last command as:"
	-msgstr "UNIX(R) интерпретирует последнюю команду следующим образом:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4164
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "% /usr/local/bin/pinhole -b -i ./medium\n"
	-msgstr "% /usr/local/bin/pinhole -b -i ./medium\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4167
	-msgid "It will run that command and display:"
	-msgstr "Он выполнит эту команду и отобразит:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4179
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"80\t358\t224\t256\t1562\t11\n"
	-"30\t219\t137\t128\t586\t9\n"
	-"40\t253\t158\t181\t781\t10\n"
	-"50\t283\t177\t181\t977\t10\n"
	-"60\t310\t194\t181\t1172\t10\n"
	-"70\t335\t209\t181\t1367\t10\n"
	-"100\t400\t250\t256\t1953\t11\n"
	-"120\t438\t274\t256\t2344\t11\n"
	-"140\t473\t296\t256\t2734\t11\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"80\t358\t224\t256\t1562\t11\n"
	-"30\t219\t137\t128\t586\t9\n"
	-"40\t253\t158\t181\t781\t10\n"
	-"50\t283\t177\t181\t977\t10\n"
	-"60\t310\t194\t181\t1172\t10\n"
	-"70\t335\t209\t181\t1367\t10\n"
	-"100\t400\t250\t256\t1953\t11\n"
	-"120\t438\t274\t256\t2344\t11\n"
	-"140\t473\t296\t256\t2734\t11\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4182
	-msgid "Now, let us enter:"
	-msgstr "Теперь введем:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4186
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "% ./medium -c\n"
	-msgstr "% ./medium -c\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4189
	-msgid "UNIX(R) will treat that as:"
	-msgstr "UNIX(R) интерпретирует это следующим образом:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4193
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "% /usr/local/bin/pinhole -b -i ./medium -c\n"
	-msgstr "% /usr/local/bin/pinhole -b -i ./medium -c\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4197
	-msgid ""
	-"That gives it two conflicting options: `-b` and `-c` (Use Bender's constant "
	-"and use Connors' constant). We have programmed it so later options override "
	-"early ones-our program will calculate everything using Connors' constant:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это даёт ему два конфликтующих параметра: `-b` и `-c` (Использовать "
	-"константу Бендера и использовать константу Коннорса). Мы запрограммировали "
	-"его так, что более поздние параметры переопределяют ранние — наша программа "
	-"будет вычислять все, используя константу Коннорса:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4209
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"80\t331\t242\t256\t1826\t11\n"
	-"30\t203\t148\t128\t685\t9\n"
	-"40\t234\t171\t181\t913\t10\n"
	-"50\t262\t191\t181\t1141\t10\n"
	-"60\t287\t209\t181\t1370\t10\n"
	-"70\t310\t226\t256\t1598\t11\n"
	-"100\t370\t270\t256\t2283\t11\n"
	-"120\t405\t296\t256\t2739\t11\n"
	-"140\t438\t320\t362\t3196\t12\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"80\t331\t242\t256\t1826\t11\n"
	-"30\t203\t148\t128\t685\t9\n"
	-"40\t234\t171\t181\t913\t10\n"
	-"50\t262\t191\t181\t1141\t10\n"
	-"60\t287\t209\t181\t1370\t10\n"
	-"70\t310\t226\t256\t1598\t11\n"
	-"100\t370\t270\t256\t2283\t11\n"
	-"120\t405\t296\t256\t2739\t11\n"
	-"140\t438\t320\t362\t3196\t12\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4213
	-msgid ""
	-"We decide we want to go with Bender's constant after all. We want to save "
	-"its values as a comma-separated file:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Мы решаем, что всё же выбираем константу Бендера. Мы хотим сохранить её "
	-"значения в виде файла с разделителями-запятыми:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4229
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid ""
	-"% ./medium -b -e > bender\n"
	-"% cat bender\n"
	-"focal length in millimeters,pinhole diameter in microns,F-number,normalized F-number,F-5.6 multiplier,stops from F-5.6\n"
	-"80,358,224,256,1562,11\n"
	-"30,219,137,128,586,9\n"
	-"40,253,158,181,781,10\n"
	-"50,283,177,181,977,10\n"
	-"60,310,194,181,1172,10\n"
	-"70,335,209,181,1367,10\n"
	-"100,400,250,256,1953,11\n"
	-"120,438,274,256,2344,11\n"
	-"140,473,296,256,2734,11\n"
	-"%\n"
	-msgstr ""
	-"% ./medium -b -e > bender\n"
	-"% cat bender\n"
	-"focal length in millimeters,pinhole diameter in microns,F-number,normalized F-number,F-5.6 multiplier,stops from F-5.6\n"
	-"80,358,224,256,1562,11\n"
	-"30,219,137,128,586,9\n"
	-"40,253,158,181,781,10\n"
	-"50,283,177,181,977,10\n"
	-"60,310,194,181,1172,10\n"
	-"70,335,209,181,1367,10\n"
	-"100,400,250,256,1953,11\n"
	-"120,438,274,256,2344,11\n"
	-"140,473,296,256,2734,11\n"
	-"%\n"
	-
	-#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4232
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Caveats"
	-msgstr "Предостережения"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4236
	-msgid ""
	-"Assembly language programmers who \"grew up\" under MS-DOS(R) and Windows(R) "
	-"often tend to take shortcuts. Reading the keyboard scan codes and writing "
	-"directly to video memory are two classical examples of practices which, "
	-"under MS-DOS(R) are not frowned upon but considered the right thing to do."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Программисты на ассемблере, которые \"выросли\" на MS-DOS(R) и Windows(R), "
	-"часто склонны искать короткие пути. Чтение скан-кодов клавиатуры и запись "
	-"напрямую в видеопамять — это два классических примера подходов, которые в MS-"
	-"DOS(R) не только не порицаются, но и считаются правильными."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4238
	-msgid ""
	-"The reason? Both the PC BIOS and MS-DOS(R) are notoriously slow when "
	-"performing these operations."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Причина? И BIOS ПК, и MS-DOS(R) печально известны своей медленной работой "
	-"при выполнении этих операций."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4241
	-msgid ""
	-"You may be tempted to continue similar practices in the UNIX(R) "
	-"environment. For example, I have seen a web site which explains how to "
	-"access the keyboard scan codes on a popular UNIX(R) clone."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Вас может возникнуть соблазн продолжить подобные практики в среде UNIX(R). "
	-"Например, я видел веб-сайт, который объясняет, как получить доступ к скан-"
	-"кодам клавиатуры на популярном клоне UNIX(R)."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4243
	-msgid ""
	-"That is generally a _very bad idea_ in UNIX(R) environment! Let me explain "
	-"why."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это, как правило, очень плохая идея в среде UNIX(R)! Позвольте объяснить "
	-"почему."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4245
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "UNIX(R) Is Protected"
	-msgstr "UNIX(R) защищен"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4252
	-msgid ""
	-"For one thing, it may simply not be possible. UNIX(R) runs in protected "
	-"mode. Only the kernel and device drivers are allowed to access hardware "
	-"directly. Perhaps a particular UNIX(R) clone will let you read the keyboard "
	-"scan codes, but chances are a real UNIX(R) operating system will not. And "
	-"even if one version may let you do it, the next one may not, so your "
	-"carefully crafted software may become a dinosaur overnight."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Прежде всего, это может быть просто невозможно. UNIX(R) работает в "
	-"защищённом режиме. Только ядро и драйверы устройств имеют прямой доступ к "
	-"аппаратному обеспечению. Возможно, какой-то конкретный клон UNIX(R) позволит "
	-"вам читать скан-коды клавиатуры, но скорее всего настоящая операционная "
	-"система UNIX(R) этого не допустит. И даже если одна версия разрешает это, "
	-"следующая может запретить, так что ваше тщательно разработанное программное "
	-"обеспечение может в одночасье устареть."
	-
	-#. type: Title ===
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4254
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "UNIX(R) Is an Abstraction"
	-msgstr "UNIX(R) — это работа с абстракциями"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4257
	-msgid ""
	-"But there is a much more important reason not to try accessing the hardware "
	-"directly (unless, of course, you are writing a device driver), even on the "
	-"UNIX(R) like systems that let you do it:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Но существует гораздо более важная причина не пытаться обращаться к "
	-"оборудованию напрямую (если, конечно, вы не пишете драйвер устройства), даже "
	-"в UNIX(R)-подобных системах, которые позволяют это делать:"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4259
	-msgid "_UNIX(R) is an abstraction!_"
	-msgstr "_UNIX(R) — это работа с абстракциями!_"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4265
	-msgid ""
	-"There is a major difference in the philosophy of design between MS-DOS(R) "
	-"and UNIX(R). MS-DOS(R) was designed as a single-user system. It is run on "
	-"a computer with a keyboard and a video screen attached directly to that "
	-"computer. User input is almost guaranteed to come from that keyboard. Your "
	-"program's output virtually always ends up on that screen."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Существует фундаментальное различие в философии проектирования между MS-"
	-"DOS(R) и UNIX(R). MS-DOS(R) разрабатывалась как однопользовательская "
	-"система. Она работает на компьютере, к которому напрямую подключены "
	-"клавиатура и монитор. Ввод пользователя практически гарантированно поступает "
	-"с этой клавиатуры. Вывод вашей программы почти всегда отображается на этом "
	-"экране."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4268
	-msgid ""
	-"This is NEVER guaranteed under UNIX(R). It is quite common for a UNIX(R) "
	-"user to pipe and redirect program input and output:"
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это НИКОГДА не гарантируется в UNIX(R). Довольно часто пользователь UNIX(R) "
	-"перенаправляет ввод и вывод программы с помощью конвейеров и перенаправлений:"
	-
	-#. type: delimited block . 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4272
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "% program1 \| program2 \| program3 > file1\n"
	-msgstr "% program1 \| program2 \| program3 > file1\n"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4276
	-msgid ""
	-"If you have written program2, your input does not come from the keyboard but "
	-"from the output of program1. Similarly, your output does not go to the "
	-"screen but becomes the input for program3 whose output, in turn, goes to [."
	-"filename]#file1#."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Если вы написали program2, ваш ввод поступает не с клавиатуры, а из вывода "
	-"program1. Аналогично, ваш вывод не выводится на экран, а становится вводом "
	-"для program3, чей вывод, в свою очередь, отправляется в [.filename]#file1#."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4279
	-msgid ""
	-"But there is more! Even if you made sure that your input comes from, and "
	-"your output goes to, the terminal, there is no guarantee the terminal is a "
	-"PC: It may not have its video memory where you expect it, nor may its "
	-"keyboard be producing PC-style scan codes. It may be a Macintosh(R), or any "
	-"other computer."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Но это ещё не все! Даже если вы убедились, что ваш ввод поступает с "
	-"терминала, а вывод отправляется на терминал, нет гарантии, что терминал "
	-"является ПК: его видеопамять может находиться не там, где вы ожидаете, а "
	-"клавиатура может генерировать не PC-совместимые скан-коды. Это может быть "
	-"Macintosh(R) или любой другой компьютер."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4281
	-msgid ""
	-"Now you may be shaking your head: My software is in PC assembly language, "
	-"how can it run on a Macintosh(R)? But I did not say your software would be "
	-"running on a Macintosh(R), only that its terminal may be a Macintosh(R)."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Вот вы, возможно, покачаете головой: мое программное обеспечение написано на "
	-"языке ассемблера для ПК, как оно может работать на Macintosh(R)? Но я не "
	-"говорил, что ваше программное обеспечение будет работать на Macintosh(R), а "
	-"лишь что его терминалом может быть Macintosh(R)."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4285
	-msgid ""
	-"Under UNIX(R), the terminal does not have to be directly attached to the "
	-"computer that runs your software, it can even be on another continent, or, "
	-"for that matter, on another planet. It is perfectly possible that a "
	-"Macintosh(R) user in Australia connects to a UNIX(R) system in North America "
	-"(or anywhere else) via telnet. The software then runs on one computer, "
	-"while the terminal is on a different computer: If you try to read the scan "
	-"codes, you will get the wrong input!"
	-msgstr ""
	-"В UNIX(R) терминал не обязательно должен быть напрямую подключён к "
	-"компьютеру, на котором работает ваше программное обеспечение — он может "
	-"находиться даже на другом континенте или, например, на другой планете. "
	-"Вполне возможно, что пользователь Macintosh(R) в Австралии подключается к "
	-"системе UNIX(R) в Северной Америке (или где-либо ещё) через telnet. "
	-"Программное обеспечение работает на одном компьютере, а терминал находится "
	-"на другом: если попытаться считать скан-коды, будут получены неверные данные!"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4288
	-msgid ""
	-"Same holds true about any other hardware: A file you are reading may be on a "
	-"disk you have no direct access to. A camera you are reading images from may "
	-"be on a space shuttle, connected to you via satellites."
	-msgstr ""
	-"То же самое относится и к любому другому оборудованию: файл, который вы "
	-"читаете, может находиться на диске, к которому у вас нет прямого доступа. "
	-"Камера, с которой вы считываете изображения, может находиться на космическом "
	-"корабле, соединённом с вами через спутники."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4291
	-msgid ""
	-"That is why under UNIX(R) you must never make any assumptions about where "
	-"your data is coming from and going to. Always let the system handle the "
	-"physical access to the hardware."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Вот почему в UNIX(R) никогда нельзя делать никаких предположений о том, "
	-"откуда поступают ваши данные и куда они направляются. Всегда позволяйте "
	-"системе управлять физическим доступом к оборудованию."
	-
	-#. type: delimited block = 4
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4299
	-msgid ""
	-"These are caveats, not absolute rules. Exceptions are possible. For "
	-"example, if a text editor has determined it is running on a local machine, "
	-"it may want to read the scan codes directly for improved control. I am not "
	-"mentioning these caveats to tell you what to do or what not to do, just to "
	-"make you aware of certain pitfalls that await you if you have just arrived "
	-"to UNIX(R) form MS-DOS(R). Of course, creative people often break rules, "
	-"and it is OK as long as they know they are breaking them and why."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это предостережения, а не абсолютные правила. Возможны исключения. Например, "
	-"если текстовый редактор определил, что работает на локальной машине, он "
	-"может захотеть читать скан-коды напрямую для улучшенного управления. Я "
	-"упоминаю эти предостережения не для того, чтобы сказать вам, что делать или "
	-"чего не делать, а просто чтобы вы осознавали определённые подводные камни, "
	-"которые ждут вас, если вы только что перешли с MS-DOS(R) на UNIX(R). "
	-"Конечно, творческие люди часто нарушают правила, и это нормально, пока они "
	-"осознают, что нарушают их, и понимают почему."
	-
	-#. type: Title ==
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4302
	-#, no-wrap
	-msgid "Acknowledgements"
	-msgstr "Благодарности"
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4305
	-msgid ""
	-"This tutorial would never have been possible without the help of many "
	-"experienced FreeBSD programmers from the {freebsd-hackers}, many of whom "
	-"have patiently answered my questions, and pointed me in the right direction "
	-"in my attempts to explore the inner workings of UNIX(R) system programming "
	-"in general and FreeBSD in particular."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Это руководство никогда бы не было создано без помощи многих опытных "
	-"программистов FreeBSD из {freebsd-hackers}, которые терпеливо отвечали на "
	-"мои вопросы и направляли меня в моих попытках изучить внутренние механизмы "
	-"программирования в системе UNIX(R) в целом и в FreeBSD в частности."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4308
	-msgid ""
	-"Thomas M. Sommers opened the door for me . His https://web.archive.org/"
	-"web/20090914064615/http://www.codebreakers-journal.com/content/"
	-"view/262/27[How do I write \"Hello, world\" in FreeBSD assembler?] web page "
	-"was my first encounter with an example of assembly language programming "
	-"under FreeBSD."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Томас М. Соммерс открыл дверь для меня. Его https://web.archive.org/"
	-"web/20090914064615/http://www.codebreakers-journal.com/content/"
	-"view/262/27[Как написать \"Hello, world\" на ассемблере в FreeBSD?] веб-"
	-"страница стала моей первой встречей с примером программирования на "
	-"ассемблере под FreeBSD."
	-
	-#. type: Plain text
	-#: documentation/content/en/books/developers-handbook/x86/_index.adoc:4310
	-msgid ""
	-"Jake Burkholder has kept the door open by willingly answering all of my "
	-"questions and supplying me with example assembly language source code."
	-msgstr ""
	-"Джейк Буркхолдер держал дверь открытой, охотно отвечая на все мои вопросы и "
	-"предоставляя примеры исходного кода на языке ассемблера."

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