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diff --git a/tests/sys/netlink/Makefile b/tests/sys/netlink/Makefile
--- a/tests/sys/netlink/Makefile
+++ b/tests/sys/netlink/Makefile
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
ATF_TESTS_C+= netlink_socket
ATF_TESTS_C+= test_snl test_snl_generic
ATF_TESTS_C+= test_rtnl_gre
+ATF_TESTS_C+= test_rtnl_route
ATF_TESTS_PYTEST += test_nl_core.py
ATF_TESTS_PYTEST += test_rtnl_iface.py
ATF_TESTS_PYTEST += test_rtnl_ifaddr.py
diff --git a/tests/sys/netlink/test_rtnl_route.c b/tests/sys/netlink/test_rtnl_route.c
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/sys/netlink/test_rtnl_route.c
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Pouria Mousavizadeh Tehrani <pouria@FreeBSD.org>
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/module.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+
+#include <netlink/netlink.h>
+#include <netlink/netlink_route.h>
+#include "netlink/netlink_snl.h"
+#include <netlink/netlink_snl_route.h>
+#include <netlink/netlink_snl_route_compat.h>
+#include <netlink/netlink_snl_route_parsers.h>
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include <atf-c.h>
+
+static struct rtmsg *
+prepare_rtm_by_dst(struct snl_writer *nw, char *dst)
+{
+ struct rtmsg *rtm;
+ struct in_addr in_dst;
+
+ inet_pton(AF_INET, dst, &in_dst);
+ rtm = snl_reserve_msg_object(nw, struct rtmsg);
+ if (rtm == NULL)
+ return (NULL);
+
+ rtm->rtm_family = AF_INET;
+ rtm->rtm_protocol = RTPROT_STATIC;
+ rtm->rtm_type = RTN_UNICAST;
+ rtm->rtm_dst_len = 24;
+ rtm->rtm_flags = RTF_GATEWAY;
+ snl_add_msg_attr_ip4(nw, RTA_DST, &in_dst);
+
+ return (rtm);
+}
+
+static void
+cleanup_route_by_dst(struct snl_state *ss, struct snl_writer *nw, char *dst)
+{
+ struct nlmsghdr *hdr, *rx_hdr;
+ struct snl_errmsg_data e = {};
+
+ /* Delete route */
+ snl_init_writer(ss, nw);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_create_msg_request(nw, RTM_DELROUTE)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE(prepare_rtm_by_dst(nw, dst) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_finalize_msg(nw)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE(snl_send_message(ss, hdr));
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rx_hdr = snl_read_reply(ss, hdr->nlmsg_seq)) != NULL);
+}
+
+ATF_TC(rtnl_nhgrp);
+ATF_TC_HEAD(rtnl_nhgrp, tc)
+{
+ atf_tc_set_md_var(tc, "descr", "test nexthop group using netlink");
+ atf_tc_set_md_var(tc, "require.user", "root");
+ atf_tc_set_md_var(tc, "require.kmods", "netlink");
+}
+
+ATF_TC_BODY(rtnl_nhgrp, tc)
+{
+ struct snl_state ss;
+ struct snl_writer nw;
+ struct nlmsghdr *hdr, *rx_hdr;
+ struct in_addr gw1, gw2;
+ struct snl_errmsg_data e = {};
+ struct snl_parsed_route r = { .rtax_weight = RT_DEFAULT_WEIGHT };
+ struct rtmsg *rtm;
+ struct rtnexthop *rtnh;
+ int off, off2;
+
+ ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(snl_init(&ss, NETLINK_ROUTE), "snl_init() failed");
+
+ inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &gw1);
+ inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.2", &gw2);
+
+ /* Create new multipath route */
+ snl_init_writer(&ss, &nw);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_create_msg_request(&nw, RTM_NEWROUTE)) != NULL);
+ hdr->nlmsg_flags |= NLM_F_CREATE;
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rtm = prepare_rtm_by_dst(&nw, "192.0.2.0")) != NULL);
+
+ off = snl_add_msg_attr_nested(&nw, RTA_MULTIPATH);
+ /* first nexthop */
+ off2 = snl_get_msg_offset(&nw);
+ rtnh = snl_reserve_msg_object(&nw, struct rtnexthop);
+ rtnh->rtnh_flags = 0;
+ rtnh->rtnh_hops = 1;
+ rtnh->rtnh_ifindex = 0;
+ snl_add_msg_attr_ip4(&nw, RTA_GATEWAY, &gw1);
+ rtnh = snl_restore_msg_offset(&nw, off2, struct rtnexthop);
+ rtnh->rtnh_len = snl_get_msg_offset(&nw) - off2;
+
+ /* second nexthop */
+ off2 = snl_get_msg_offset(&nw);
+ rtnh = snl_reserve_msg_object(&nw, struct rtnexthop);
+ rtnh->rtnh_flags = 0;
+ rtnh->rtnh_hops = 1;
+ rtnh->rtnh_ifindex = 0;
+ snl_add_msg_attr_ip4(&nw, RTA_GATEWAY, &gw2);
+ rtnh = snl_restore_msg_offset(&nw, off2, struct rtnexthop);
+ rtnh->rtnh_len = snl_get_msg_offset(&nw) - off2;
+
+ snl_end_attr_nested(&nw, off);
+
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_finalize_msg(&nw)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE(snl_send_message(&ss, hdr));
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rx_hdr = snl_read_reply(&ss, hdr->nlmsg_seq)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE(snl_parse_errmsg(&ss, rx_hdr, &e));
+ ATF_REQUIRE_INTEQ(e.error, 0);
+
+ /* Get route and check for its nexthop group */
+ snl_init_writer(&ss, &nw);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_create_msg_request(&nw, RTM_GETROUTE)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rtm = prepare_rtm_by_dst(&nw, "192.0.2.0")) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_finalize_msg(&nw)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE(snl_send_message(&ss, hdr));
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rx_hdr = snl_read_reply(&ss, hdr->nlmsg_seq)) != NULL);
+ ATF_CHECK(snl_parse_nlmsg(&ss, rx_hdr, &snl_rtm_route_parser, &r));
+ ATF_CHECK(r.rta_knh_id != 0);
+ ATF_CHECK_INTEQ(r.rta_multipath.num_nhops, 2);
+
+ cleanup_route_by_dst(&ss, &nw, "192.0.2.0");
+}
+
+ATF_TC(rtnl_nhop_merge);
+ATF_TC_HEAD(rtnl_nhop_merge, tc)
+{
+ atf_tc_set_md_var(tc, "descr", "test merge of two independent nexthop using netlink");
+ atf_tc_set_md_var(tc, "require.user", "root");
+ atf_tc_set_md_var(tc, "require.kmods", "netlink");
+}
+
+ATF_TC_BODY(rtnl_nhop_merge, tc)
+{
+ struct snl_state ss;
+ struct snl_writer nw;
+ struct nlmsghdr *hdr, *rx_hdr;
+ struct in_addr gw1, gw2;
+ struct snl_errmsg_data e = {};
+ struct snl_parsed_route r = { .rtax_weight = RT_DEFAULT_WEIGHT };
+ struct rtmsg *rtm;
+ struct rtnexthop *rtnh;
+
+ ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(snl_init(&ss, NETLINK_ROUTE), "snl_init() failed");
+
+ inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.1.1", &gw1);
+ inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.1.2", &gw2);
+
+ /* Create new route with single nhop */
+ snl_init_writer(&ss, &nw);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_create_msg_request(&nw, RTM_NEWROUTE)) != NULL);
+ hdr->nlmsg_flags |= NLM_F_CREATE;
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rtm = prepare_rtm_by_dst(&nw, "198.51.100.0")) != NULL);
+ snl_add_msg_attr_ip4(&nw, RTA_GATEWAY, &gw1);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_finalize_msg(&nw)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE(snl_send_message(&ss, hdr));
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rx_hdr = snl_read_reply(&ss, hdr->nlmsg_seq)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE(snl_parse_errmsg(&ss, rx_hdr, &e));
+ ATF_REQUIRE_INTEQ(e.error, 0);
+
+ /* Get route and verify it's NOT a nexthop group */
+ snl_init_writer(&ss, &nw);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_create_msg_request(&nw, RTM_GETROUTE)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rtm = prepare_rtm_by_dst(&nw, "198.51.100.0")) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_finalize_msg(&nw)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE(snl_send_message(&ss, hdr));
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rx_hdr = snl_read_reply(&ss, hdr->nlmsg_seq)) != NULL);
+ ATF_CHECK(snl_parse_nlmsg(&ss, rx_hdr, &snl_rtm_route_parser, &r));
+ ATF_CHECK(r.rta_knh_id != 0);
+ ATF_CHECK_INTEQ(r.rta_multipath.num_nhops, 0);
+
+ /* Append anoher nhop */
+ snl_init_writer(&ss, &nw);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_create_msg_request(&nw, RTM_NEWROUTE)) != NULL);
+ hdr->nlmsg_flags |= NLM_F_APPEND;
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rtm = prepare_rtm_by_dst(&nw, "198.51.100.0")) != NULL);
+ snl_add_msg_attr_ip4(&nw, RTA_GATEWAY, &gw2);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_finalize_msg(&nw)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE(snl_send_message(&ss, hdr));
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rx_hdr = snl_read_reply(&ss, hdr->nlmsg_seq)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE(snl_parse_errmsg(&ss, rx_hdr, &e));
+ ATF_REQUIRE_INTEQ(e.error, 0);
+
+ /* Get route and verify it became a nexthop group */
+ snl_init_writer(&ss, &nw);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_create_msg_request(&nw, RTM_GETROUTE)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rtm = prepare_rtm_by_dst(&nw, "198.51.100.0")) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_finalize_msg(&nw)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE(snl_send_message(&ss, hdr));
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rx_hdr = snl_read_reply(&ss, hdr->nlmsg_seq)) != NULL);
+ ATF_CHECK(snl_parse_nlmsg(&ss, rx_hdr, &snl_rtm_route_parser, &r));
+ ATF_CHECK(r.rta_knh_id != 0);
+ ATF_CHECK_INTEQ(r.rta_multipath.num_nhops, 2);
+
+ cleanup_route_by_dst(&ss, &nw, "198.51.100.0");
+}
+
+ATF_TC(rtnl_nhgrp_expire);
+ATF_TC_HEAD(rtnl_nhgrp_expire, tc)
+{
+ atf_tc_set_md_var(tc, "descr", "test nhop expiration of a member inside nhgrp using netlink");
+ atf_tc_set_md_var(tc, "require.user", "root");
+ atf_tc_set_md_var(tc, "require.kmods", "netlink");
+}
+
+ATF_TC_BODY(rtnl_nhgrp_expire, tc)
+{
+ struct snl_state ss;
+ struct snl_writer nw;
+ struct nlmsghdr *hdr, *rx_hdr;
+ struct in_addr gw1, gw2, gw3;
+ struct snl_errmsg_data e = {};
+ struct snl_parsed_route r = { .rtax_weight = RT_DEFAULT_WEIGHT };
+ struct rtmsg *rtm;
+ struct rtnexthop *rtnh;
+ struct timespec ts;
+ int off, off2;
+
+ ATF_REQUIRE_MSG(snl_init(&ss, NETLINK_ROUTE), "snl_init() failed");
+
+ inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.2.1", &gw1);
+ inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.2.2", &gw2);
+ inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.2.3", &gw3);
+
+ /* create new multipath route */
+ snl_init_writer(&ss, &nw);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_create_msg_request(&nw, RTM_NEWROUTE)) != NULL);
+ hdr->nlmsg_flags |= NLM_F_CREATE;
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rtm = prepare_rtm_by_dst(&nw, "203.0.113.0")) != NULL);
+
+ off = snl_add_msg_attr_nested(&nw, RTA_MULTIPATH);
+ /* first nexthop */
+ off2 = snl_get_msg_offset(&nw);
+ rtnh = snl_reserve_msg_object(&nw, struct rtnexthop);
+ rtnh->rtnh_flags = 0;
+ rtnh->rtnh_hops = 1;
+ rtnh->rtnh_ifindex = 0;
+ snl_add_msg_attr_ip4(&nw, RTA_GATEWAY, &gw1);
+ rtnh = snl_restore_msg_offset(&nw, off2, struct rtnexthop);
+ rtnh->rtnh_len = snl_get_msg_offset(&nw) - off2;
+
+ /* second nexthop */
+ off2 = snl_get_msg_offset(&nw);
+ rtnh = snl_reserve_msg_object(&nw, struct rtnexthop);
+ rtnh->rtnh_flags = 0;
+ rtnh->rtnh_hops = 1;
+ rtnh->rtnh_ifindex = 0;
+ snl_add_msg_attr_ip4(&nw, RTA_GATEWAY, &gw2);
+ rtnh = snl_restore_msg_offset(&nw, off2, struct rtnexthop);
+ rtnh->rtnh_len = snl_get_msg_offset(&nw) - off2;
+
+ snl_end_attr_nested(&nw, off);
+
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_finalize_msg(&nw)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE(snl_send_message(&ss, hdr));
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rx_hdr = snl_read_reply(&ss, hdr->nlmsg_seq)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE(snl_parse_errmsg(&ss, rx_hdr, &e));
+ ATF_REQUIRE_INTEQ(e.error, 0);
+
+ /* append anoher nhop with expiration time */
+ snl_init_writer(&ss, &nw);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_create_msg_request(&nw, RTM_NEWROUTE)) != NULL);
+ hdr->nlmsg_flags |= NLM_F_APPEND;
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rtm = prepare_rtm_by_dst(&nw, "203.0.113.0")) != NULL);
+ snl_add_msg_attr_ip4(&nw, RTA_GATEWAY, &gw3);
+ /* expire after 1 seconds */
+ clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME_FAST, &ts);
+ snl_add_msg_attr_u32(&nw, RTA_EXPIRES, ts.tv_sec + 1);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_finalize_msg(&nw)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE(snl_send_message(&ss, hdr));
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rx_hdr = snl_read_reply(&ss, hdr->nlmsg_seq)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE(snl_parse_errmsg(&ss, rx_hdr, &e));
+ ATF_REQUIRE_INTEQ(e.error, 0);
+
+ /* get route and check for number of nhops */
+ snl_init_writer(&ss, &nw);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_create_msg_request(&nw, RTM_GETROUTE)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rtm = prepare_rtm_by_dst(&nw, "203.0.113.0")) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_finalize_msg(&nw)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE(snl_send_message(&ss, hdr));
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rx_hdr = snl_read_reply(&ss, hdr->nlmsg_seq)) != NULL);
+ ATF_CHECK(snl_parse_nlmsg(&ss, rx_hdr, &snl_rtm_route_parser, &r));
+ ATF_CHECK(r.rta_knh_id != 0);
+ ATF_CHECK_INTEQ(r.rta_multipath.num_nhops, 3);
+
+ /* wait for 2 seconds and try again */
+ sleep(2);
+
+ /* get route and check for number of nhops */
+ snl_init_writer(&ss, &nw);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_create_msg_request(&nw, RTM_GETROUTE)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rtm = prepare_rtm_by_dst(&nw, "203.0.113.0")) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE((hdr = snl_finalize_msg(&nw)) != NULL);
+ ATF_REQUIRE(snl_send_message(&ss, hdr));
+ ATF_REQUIRE((rx_hdr = snl_read_reply(&ss, hdr->nlmsg_seq)) != NULL);
+ ATF_CHECK(snl_parse_nlmsg(&ss, rx_hdr, &snl_rtm_route_parser, &r));
+ ATF_CHECK_INTEQ(r.rta_multipath.num_nhops, 2);
+
+ cleanup_route_by_dst(&ss, &nw, "203.0.113.0");
+}
+
+
+ATF_TP_ADD_TCS(tp)
+{
+ ATF_TP_ADD_TC(tp, rtnl_nhgrp);
+ ATF_TP_ADD_TC(tp, rtnl_nhgrp_expire);
+ ATF_TP_ADD_TC(tp, rtnl_nhop_merge);
+
+ return (atf_no_error());
+}

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