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diff --git a/bin/date/date.1 b/bin/date/date.1
--- a/bin/date/date.1
+++ b/bin/date/date.1
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
-.Dd November 5, 2025
+.Dd November 10, 2025
.Dt DATE 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
@@ -321,20 +321,45 @@
.Pp
An operand with a leading plus
.Pq Sq +
-sign signals a user-defined format string
+sign specifies a user-defined format string
which specifies the format in which to display the date and time.
The format string may contain any of the conversion specifications
described in the
.Xr strftime 3
-manual page and
-.Ql \&%N
-for nanoseconds, as well as any arbitrary text.
+manual page, as well as any arbitrary text.
+.Pp
+The following extensions to the regular
+.Xr strftime 3
+syntax are supported:
+.Bl -tag -width "xxxx"
+.It Cm \&% Ns Ar n Ns Cm N
+where
+.Ar n
+is a decimal number is replaced by the
+.Ar n Ns
+-digit fractional part of the number of seconds since the Epoch.
+If
+.Ar n
+is omitted or zero, a default value of 9 is used, resulting in a
+number with nanosecond resolution (hence the choice of the letter
+.Sq N
+for this conversion).
+Note that the underlying clock may not necessarily support nanosecond
+resolution.
+.It Cm \&% Ns Li - Ns Cm N
+As above, but automatically choose the precision based on the reported
+resolution of the underlying clock.
+If the
+.Fl r
+option was specified, the default precision of 9 digits is used.
+.El
+.Pp
A newline
.Pq Ql \en
character is always output after the characters specified by
the format string.
The format string for the default display is
-.Dq +%+ .
+.Dq %+ .
.Pp
If an operand does not have a leading plus sign, it is interpreted as
a value for setting the system's notion of the current date and time.
diff --git a/bin/date/date.c b/bin/date/date.c
--- a/bin/date/date.c
+++ b/bin/date/date.c
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
static void printisodate(struct tm *, long);
static void setthetime(const char *, const char *, int, struct timespec *);
static size_t strftime_ns(char * __restrict, size_t, const char * __restrict,
- const struct tm * __restrict, long);
+ const struct tm * __restrict, long, long);
static void usage(void) __dead2;
static const struct iso8601_fmt {
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
- struct timespec ts;
+ struct timespec ts = { 0, 0 }, tres = { 0, 1 };
int ch, rflag;
bool Iflag, jflag, Rflag;
const char *format;
@@ -96,8 +96,6 @@
(void) setlocale(LC_TIME, "");
rflag = 0;
Iflag = jflag = Rflag = 0;
- ts.tv_sec = 0;
- ts.tv_nsec = 0;
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "f:I::jnRr:uv:z:")) != -1)
switch((char)ch) {
case 'f':
@@ -155,8 +153,12 @@
argc -= optind;
argv += optind;
- if (!rflag && clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts) == -1)
- err(1, "clock_gettime");
+ if (!rflag) {
+ if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts) == -1)
+ err(1, "clock_gettime");
+ if (clock_getres(CLOCK_REALTIME, &tres) == -1)
+ err(1, "clock_getres");
+ }
format = "%+";
@@ -208,7 +210,8 @@
setlocale(LC_TIME, "C");
- (void)strftime_ns(buf, sizeof(buf), format, lt, ts.tv_nsec);
+ (void)strftime_ns(buf, sizeof(buf), format, lt,
+ ts.tv_nsec, tres.tv_nsec);
printdate(buf);
}
@@ -231,10 +234,10 @@
for (it = iso8601_fmts; it <= iso8601_selected; it++)
strlcat(fmtbuf, it->format_string, sizeof(fmtbuf));
- (void)strftime_ns(buf, sizeof(buf), fmtbuf, lt, nsec);
+ (void)strftime_ns(buf, sizeof(buf), fmtbuf, lt, nsec, 0);
if (iso8601_selected > iso8601_fmts) {
- (void)strftime_ns(tzbuf, sizeof(tzbuf), "%z", lt, nsec);
+ (void)strftime_ns(tzbuf, sizeof(tzbuf), "%z", lt, nsec, 0);
memmove(&tzbuf[4], &tzbuf[3], 3);
tzbuf[3] = ':';
strlcat(buf, tzbuf, sizeof(buf));
@@ -370,16 +373,17 @@
*/
static size_t
strftime_ns(char * __restrict s, size_t maxsize, const char * __restrict format,
- const struct tm * __restrict t, long nsec)
+ const struct tm * __restrict t, long nsec, long res)
{
- size_t prefixlen;
size_t ret;
char *newformat;
char *oldformat;
const char *prefix;
const char *suffix;
const char *tok;
- bool seen_percent;
+ long number;
+ int i, len, prefixlen, width, zeroes;
+ bool seen_percent, seen_dash, seen_width;
seen_percent = false;
if ((newformat = strdup(format)) == NULL)
@@ -392,36 +396,85 @@
* If the previous token was a percent sign,
* then there are two percent tokens in a row.
*/
- if (seen_percent)
+ if (seen_percent) {
seen_percent = false;
- else
+ } else {
seen_percent = true;
+ seen_dash = seen_width = false;
+ prefixlen = tok - newformat;
+ width = 0;
+ }
break;
case 'N':
- if (seen_percent) {
- oldformat = newformat;
- prefix = oldformat;
- prefixlen = tok - oldformat - 1;
- suffix = tok + 1;
+ if (!seen_percent)
+ break;
+ oldformat = newformat;
+ prefix = oldformat;
+ suffix = tok + 1;
+ /*
+ * Prepare the number we are about to print. If
+ * the requested width is less than 9, we need to
+ * cut off the least significant digits. If it is
+ * more than 9, we will have to append zeroes.
+ */
+ if (seen_dash) {
/*
- * Construct a new format string from the
- * prefix (i.e., the part of the old format
- * from its beginning to the currently handled
- * "%N" conversion specification), the
- * nanoseconds, and the suffix (i.e., the part
- * of the old format from the next token to the
- * end).
+ * Calculate number of singificant digits
+ * based on res which is the clock's
+ * resolution in nanoseconds.
*/
- if (asprintf(&newformat, "%.*s%.9ld%s",
- (int)prefixlen, prefix, nsec,
- suffix) < 0) {
- err(1, "asprintf");
- }
- free(oldformat);
- tok = newformat + prefixlen + 9;
+ for (width = 9, number = res;
+ width > 0 && number > 0;
+ width--, number /= 10)
+ /* nothing */;
+ }
+ number = nsec;
+ zeroes = 0;
+ if (width == 0) {
+ width = 9;
+ } else if (width > 9) {
+ zeroes = width - 9;
+ width = 9;
+ } else {
+ for (i = 0; i < 9 - width; i++)
+ number /= 10;
}
+ /*
+ * Construct a new format string from the prefix
+ * (i.e., the part of the old format from its
+ * beginning to the currently handled "%N"
+ * conversion specification), the nanoseconds, and
+ * the suffix (i.e., the part of the old format
+ * from the next token to the end).
+ */
+ asprintf(&newformat, "%.*s%.*ld%.*d%n%s", prefixlen,
+ prefix, width, number, zeroes, 0, &len, suffix);
+ if (newformat == NULL)
+ err(1, "asprintf");
+ free(oldformat);
+ tok = newformat + len - 1;
seen_percent = false;
break;
+ case '-':
+ if (seen_percent) {
+ if (seen_dash || seen_width) {
+ seen_percent = false;
+ break;
+ }
+ seen_dash = true;
+ }
+ break;
+ case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+ case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+ if (seen_percent) {
+ if (seen_dash) {
+ seen_percent = false;
+ break;
+ }
+ width = width * 10 + *tok - '0';
+ seen_width = true;
+ }
+ break;
default:
seen_percent = false;
break;
diff --git a/bin/date/tests/format_string_test.sh b/bin/date/tests/format_string_test.sh
--- a/bin/date/tests/format_string_test.sh
+++ b/bin/date/tests/format_string_test.sh
@@ -132,6 +132,8 @@
format_string_test M M 04 20
format_string_test m m 02 11
format_string_test N N 000000000 000000000
+ format_string_test 3N 3N 000 000
+ format_string_test 12N 12N 000000000000 000000000000
format_string_test p p AM PM
format_string_test R R 07:04 21:20
format_string_test r r "07:04:03 AM" "09:20:00 PM"

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