Index: head/share/man/man5/make.conf.5 =================================================================== --- head/share/man/man5/make.conf.5 (revision 74990) +++ head/share/man/man5/make.conf.5 (revision 74991) @@ -1,772 +1,779 @@ .\" Copyright (c) 2000 .\" Mike W. Meyer .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" .Dd November 3, 2000 .Dt MAKE.CONF 5 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm make.conf .Nd system build information .Sh DESCRIPTION The file .Nm contains settings that control the compilation of the .Fx sources and ported applications. The file .Nm is generally created by the system administrator when the values need to be changed from their defaults. .Pp The purpose of .Nm is not to run commands or perform compilation actions directly. Instead, it is included by the various makefiles in .Pa /usr/src , .Pa /usr/ports and .Pa /usr/doc which conditionalize their internal actions according to the settings found there. .Pp The .Pa /etc/make.conf file is included from the the appropriate .Pa Makefile which specifies the default settings for all the available options. Options need only be specified in .Pa /etc/make.conf when the system administrator wishes to override these defaults. .Pp The build procedures occur in four broad areas: the world, the kernel, documentations and ports. Variables set in .Nm may be applicable during builds in one, two, or all four of these areas. They may be specified for a particular build via the .Fl D option of .Xr make 1 . .Pp The following lists provide a name and short description for each variable you can use during the indicated builds. The values of variables flagged as .Vt bool are ignored; the variable being set at all (even to .Dq Li FALSE or .Dq Li NO ) cause it to be treated as if it were set. .Pp The following list provides a name and short description for variables that are used for all builds, or are used by the .Pa makefiles for things other than builds. .Bl -tag -width Ar .It Va CFLAGS .Vt ( str ) Controls the compiler setting when compiling C code. Optimization levels above .Oo Fl O ( O2 , No ...\& ) Oc are not supported. .Va BDECFLAGS is provided as a set of .Xr gcc 1 settings suggested by .An "Bruce Evans" Aq bde@FreeBSD.org for developing and testing changes. They can be used by: .Pp .Bd -literal -offset indent CXFLAGS+=${BDECFLAGS} .Ed .It Va CVS_UPDATE .Vt ( bool ) Set this to use .Xr cvs 1 to update your ports with .Dq Li "make update" . .It Va CXXFLAGS .Vt ( str ) Controls the compiler settings when compiling C++ code. .Va CXXFLAGS is initially set to the value of .Va CFLAGS . If you want to add to the .Va CXXFLAGS value, use .Dq Li += instead of .Dq Li = . .It Va INSTALL .Vt ( str ) the default install command. To have commands compared before doing the install, use .Bd -literal -offset indent INSTALL="install -C" .Ed .It Va LOCAL_DIRS .Vt ( str ) List any directories that should be entered when doing make's in .Pa /usr/src in this variable. .It Va MTREE_FOLLOWS_SYMLINKS .Vt ( str ) Set this to .Dq Fl L to cause .Xr mtree 8 to follow symlinks. .It Va NO_DOCUPDATE .Vt ( bool ) Set this to not update the doc tree during .Dq Li "make update" . .It Va NO_PORTSUPDATE .Vt ( bool ) Set this to not update the ports tree during .Dq Li "make update" . .It Va SUP_UPDATE .Vt ( bool ) Set this to use .Xr cvsup 1 to update your ports with .Dq Li "make update" . .It Va SUP .Vt ( str ) The location of the .Xr cvsup 1 command for .Dq Li "make update" . .It Va SUPFLAGS .Vt ( str ) The flag for the .Xr sup 1 command when doing .Dq Li "make update" . This defaults to .Op Fl g L Ar 2 . .It Va SUPHOST .Vt ( str ) The hostname of the sup server to use when doing .Dq Li "make update" . .It Va SUPFILE .Vt ( str ) The first .Ar supfile to use when doing a .Dq Li "make update" . This defaults to .Pa /usr/share/examples/cvsup/standard\-supfile . .It Va SUPFILE1 .Vt ( str ) The second .Ar supfile to use when doing a .Dq Li "make update" . This defaults to .Pa /usr/share/examples/cvsup/secure\-supfile . .It Va SUPFILE2 .Vt ( str ) The third .Ar supfile to use when doing a .Dq Li "make update" . This defaults to .Pa /usr/share/examples/cvsup/secure\-supfile . .It Va PORTSSUPFILE .Vt ( str ) The ports .Ar supfile to use when doing a .Dq Li "make update" . This defaults to .Pa /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports\-supfile . .It Va DOCSUPFILE .Vt ( str ) The documentation .Ar supfile to use when doing a .Dq Li "make update" . This defaults to .Pa /usr/share/examples/cvsup/doc\-supfile . .El .Pp The following list provides a name and short description for variables that are only used doing a kernel build: .Bl -tag -width Ar .It Va BOOT_COMCONSOLE_PORT .Vt ( str ) The port address to use for the console if the boot blocks have been configured to use a serial console instead of the keyboard/video card. .It Va BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED .Vt ( int ) The baud rate to use for the console if the boot blocks have been configured to use a serial console instead of the keyboard/video card. .It Va BOOTWAIT .Vt ( int ) Controls the amount of time the kernel waits for a console keypress before booting the default kernel. The value is approximately milliseconds. Keypresses are accepted by the BIOS before booting from disk, making it possible to give custom boot parameters even when this is set to 0. .It Va COPTFLAGS .Vt ( str ) Controls the compiler settings when building the kernel. Optimization levels above .Oo Fl O ( O2 , No ...\& ) Oc are not supported. .It Va KERNEL .Vt ( str ) Controls which kernel configurations will be built by .Dq Li "${MAKE} buildkernel" and installed by .Dq Li "${MAKE} installkernel" . For example, .Bd -literal -offset indent KERNEL=MINE DEBUG GENERIC OTHERMACHINE .Ed .Pp will build the the kernels specified by the config files .Pa MINE , DEBUG , GENERIC , and .Pa OTHERMACHINE , and install the kernel specified by the config file .Pa MINE . It defaults to .Pa GENERIC . .It Va NO_KERNELCONFIG .Vt ( bool ) Set this to skip running .Xr config 8 during .Dq Li "${MAKE} buildkernel" . .It Va NO_KERNELDEPEND .Vt ( bool ) Set this to skip running .Dq Li "${MAKE} depend" during .Dq Li "${MAKE} buildkernel" . .It Va NO_MODULES .Vt ( bool ) Set to not build modules with the kernel. .El .Pp The following list provides a name and short description for variables that are used during the world build: .Bl -tag -width Ar .It Va COMPAT1X .Vt ( bool ) Set to install the .Fx 1 compatibility libraries. .It Va COMPAT20 .Vt ( bool ) Set to install the .Fx 2.0 compatibility libraries. .It Va COMPAT21 .Vt ( bool ) Set to install the .Fx 2.1 compatibility libraries. .It Va COMPAT22 .Vt ( bool ) Set to install the .Fx 2.2 compatibility libraries. .It Va COMPAT3X .Vt ( bool ) Set to install the .Fx 3 compatibility libraries. .It Va ENABLE_SUIDPERL .Vt ( bool ) Set to enable the installation of an suid .Xr perl 1 binary. .It Va FETCH_CMD .Vt ( str ) Command to use to fetch files. Normally .Xr fetch 1 . .It Va MAKE_IDEA .Vt ( bool ) Set to build the IDEA encryption code. This code is patented in the USA and many European countries. It is .Em "YOUR RESPONSIBILITY" to determine if you can legally use IDEA. .It Va MAKE_KERBEROS4 .Vt ( bool ) Set this to build KerberosIV (KTH eBones). .It Va MAKE_KERBEROS5 .Vt ( bool ) Set this to build Kerberos5 (KTH Heimdal). .Em WARNING ! This is still experimental code. If you need stable Kerberos5, use the port(s). .It Va MODULES_WITH_WORLD .Vt ( bool ) Set to build modules with the system instead of the kernel. .It Va NO_CVS .Vt ( bool ) Set to not build CVS. .It Va NO_BIND .Vt ( bool ) Set to not build BIND. .It Va NO_FORTRAN .Vt ( bool ) Set to not build .Xr g77 1 and related libraries. .It Va NO_LPR .Vt ( bool ) Set to not build .Xr lpr 1 and related programs. .It Va NO_MAILWRAPPER .Vt ( bool ) Set to not build the .Xr mailwrapper 8 MTA selector. -.It Va NO_MAKEDEV +.It Va NO_MAKEDEV_INSTALL +.Vt ( bool ) +Set to avoid installing MAKEDEV in +.Pa /dev . +This implies the +.Va NO_MAKEDEV_RUN +variable. +.It Va NO_MAKEDEV_RUN .Vt ( bool ) Set to avoid running .Dq Li "MAKEDEV all" on .Pa /dev during install. .It Va NO_OBJC .Vt ( bool ) Set to not build Objective C support. .It Va NO_OPENSSH .Vt ( bool ) Set to not build OpenSSH. .It Va NO_OPENSSL .Vt ( bool ) Set to not build OpenSSL (implies .Va NO_OPENSSH ) . .It Va NO_SENDMAIL .Vt ( bool ) Set to not build .Xr sendmail 8 and related programs. .It Va NO_SHAREDOCS .Vt ( bool ) Set to not build the .Bx 4.4 legacy docs. .It Va NO_TCSH .Vt ( bool ) Set to not build and install .Pa /bin/csh (which is .Xr tcsh 1 ) . .It Va NO_X .Vt ( bool ) Set to not compile in X\-Windows support (e.g.\& .Xr doscmd 1 ) . .It Va NOCLEAN .Vt ( bool ) Set this to disable cleaning during .Dq Li "make buildworld" . This should not be set unless you know what you are doing. .It Va NOCLEANDIR .Vt ( bool ) Set this to run .Dq Li "${MAKE} clean" instead of .Dq Li "${MAKE} cleandir" . .It Va NOCRYPT .Vt ( bool ) Set to not build any crypto code. .It Va NOGAMES .Vt ( bool ) Set to not build games. .It Va NOINFO .Vt ( bool ) Set to not make or install .Xr info 5 files. .It Va NOLIBC_R .Vt ( bool ) Set to not build .Nm libc_r (reentrant version of .Nm libc ) . .It Va NOMANCOMPRESS .Vt ( bool ) Set to install man pages uncompressed. .It Va NOPERL .Vt ( bool ) Set to avoid building .Xr perl 1 . .It Va NOPROFILE .Vt ( bool ) Set to avoid compiling profiled libraries. .It Va NOSECURE .Vt ( bool ) set to not build crypto code in .Pa secure subdir. .It Va NOSHARE .Vt ( bool ) Set to not build in the .Pa share subdir. .It Va NOUUCP .Vt ( bool ) Set to not build .Xr uucp 1 related programs. .It Va PERL_THREADED .Vt ( bool ) Set to enable the building and installation of .Xr perl 1 with thread support. .It Va PPP_NOSUID .Vt ( bool ) Set to disable the installation of .Xr ppp 8 as an suid root program. .It Va SENDMAIL_MC .Vt ( str ) The default m4 configuration file to use at install time. The value should include the full path to the .mc file, e.g., .Pa /etc/mail/myconfig.mc . Use with caution as a make install will overwrite any existing .Pa /etc/mail/sendmail.cf . Note that .Va SENDMAIL_CF is now deprecated. .It Va SENDMAIL_ADDITIONAL_MC .Vt ( str ) Additional .mc files which should be built into .cf files at build time. The value should include the full path to the .mc file(s), e.g., .Pa /etc/mail/foo.mc .Pa /etc/mail/bar.mc . .It Va SENDMAIL_CFLAGS .Vt ( str ) Flags to pass to the compile command when building .Xr sendmail 8 . The .Va SENDMAIL_* flags can be used to provide SASL support with setting such as: .Bd -literal -offset indent SENDMAIL_CFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include -DSASL SENDMAIL_LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/lib SENDMAIL_LDADD=-lsasl .Ed .It Va SENDMAIL_LDFLAGS .Vt ( str ) Flags to pass to the .Xr ld 1 command when building .Xr sendmail 8 . .It Va SENDMAIL_LDADD .Vt ( str ) Flags to add to the end of the .Xr ld 1 command when building .Xr sendmail 8 . .It Va SENDMAIL_DPADD .Vt ( str ) This variable is undocumented. .El .Pp The following list provides a name and short description for variables that are used when building documentation. .Bl -tag -width Ar .It Va DISTDIR .Vt ( str ) Where distfiles are kept. Normally, this is .Pa distfiles in .Va PORTSDIR . .It Va DOC_LANG .Vt ( str ) The list of languages and encodings to build and install. .It Va PRINTERDEVICE .Vt ( str ) The default format for system documentation, depends on your printer. This can be set to .Dq Li ascii for simple printers or .Dq Li ps for postscript or graphics printers with a ghostscript filter. .El .Pp The following list provides a name and short description for variables that are used when building ports: .Bl -tag -width Ar .It Va FORCE_PKG_RESIDENT .Vt ( bool ) Set this to override any existing package registration. .It Va HAVE_MOTIF .Vt ( bool ) Set this if you have Motif on your system. .It Va KRB5_HOME .Vt ( str ) Set this if you want to install the MIT Kerberos5 port somewhere other than .Pa /usr/local . .It Va LOCALBASE .Vt ( str ) Set this to the base directory that non\-X ports should be installed in. It provides the default for .Va PREFIX when building in .Pa /usr/ports . .It Va MASTER_SITE_AFTERSTEP .Vt ( str ) Set this to change the master site for AfterStep ports. The last part of the path must be .Dq Li /%SUBDIR%/ . .It Va MASTER_SITE_BACKUP .Vt ( str ) Controls the site location that ports check for distfiles if the locations listed in their .Pa Makefile do not work. The last part of the path must be .Dq Li /${DIST_SUBDIR}/ . .It Va MASTER_SITE_COMP_SOURCES .Vt ( str ) Controls the master site location for .Pa comp.sources ports. The last part of the path must be .Dq Li %SUBDIR%/ .It Va MASTER_SITE_GNOME .Vt ( str ) Controls the master site location for GNOME ports. The last part of the path must be .Dq Li /%SUBDIR%/ .It Va MASTER_SITE_GNU .Vt ( str ) Controls the master site location for GNU ports. The last part of the path must be .Dq Li /%SUBDIR%/ .It Va MASTER_SITE_KDE .Vt ( str ) Controls the master site location for KDE ports. The last part of the path must be .Dq Li /%SUBDIR%/ .It Va MASTER_SITE_FREEBSD .Vt ( bool ) If set, go to the master .Fx site for all files. .It Va MASTER_SITE_MOZILLA .Vt ( str ) Controls the master site location for Mozilla ports. The last part of the path must be .Dq Li /%SUBDIR%/ .It Va MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE .Vt ( str ) If set, this site is checked before the sites listed in the ports .Pa Makefile . You can have it check the backup site first by like so: .Bd -literal -offset indent MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?= ${MASTER_SITE_BACKUP} .Ed .It Va MASTER_SITE_PERL_CPAN .Vt ( str ) Controls the master site location for Perl ports. The last part of the path must be .Bd -literal -offset indent /%SUBDIR%/ .Ed .It Va MASTER_SORT_REGEX .Vt ( str ) Set this to control the sort order for mirror sets. To set it to prefer mirrors in the .Pa .jp domain, use: .Bd -literal -offset indent MASTER_SORT_REGEX?= ^file: ^ftp://ftp\.FreeBSD\.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/local-distfiles/ ://[^/]*\.jp/ ://[^/]*\.jp\. .Ed .Pp Users of other ccTLD domains should change the .Dq Li jp to the appropriate domain. .It Va MASTER_SITE_RINGSERVER .Vt ( str ) Controls the master site location for Ringserver ports. The last part of the path must be .Dq Li /%SUBDIR%/ . .It Va MASTER_SITE_RUBY .Vt ( str ) Controls the master site location for Ruby ports. The last part of the path must be .Dq Li /%SUBDIR%/ . .It Va MASTER_SITE_SUNSITE .Vt ( str ) Controls the master site location for Sunsite ports. The last part of the path must be .Dq Li /%SUBDIR%/ . .It Va MASTER_SITE_TCLTK .Vt ( str ) Controls the master site location for Tcl and Tk ports. The last part of the path must be .Dq Li /%SUBDIR%/ . .It Va MASTER_SITE_TEX_CTAN .Vt ( str ) Controls the master site location for TeX ports. The last part of the path must be .Dq Li /%SUBDIR%/ . .It Va MASTER_SITE_WINDOWMAKER .Vt ( str ) Controls the master site location for WindowMaker ports. The last part of the path must be .Dq Li /%SUBDIR%/ . .It Va MASTER_SITE_XCONTRIB .Vt ( str ) Controls the master site location for contributed X ports. The last part of the path must be .Dq Li /%SUBDIR%/ . .It Va MASTER_SITE_XEMACS .Vt ( str ) Controls the master site location for Xemacs ports. The last part of the path must be .Dq Li /%SUBDIR%/ . .It Va MASTER_SITE_XFREE .Vt ( str ) Controls the master site location for XFree ports. The last part of the path must be .Dq Li /%SUBDIR%/ . .It Va MOTIFLIB .Vt ( str ) Location of .Pa libXm.a and .Pa libXm.so . .It Va MOTIF_STATIC .Vt ( bool ) Set this if you want ports that use Motif to be built so they can be run on systems without the Motif shared libraries. .It Va NOCLEANDEPENDS .Vt ( bool ) Set this to prevent .Dq Li "make clean" from cleaning the ports that the one being cleaned depends on. .It Va NOPORTDOCS .Vt ( bool ) Set this to disable installing additional documentation with ports. .It Va PACKAGES .Vt ( str ) Used only for the package target; the directory for the package tree. .It Va PATCH_SITES .Vt ( str ) Primary location(s) for the distribution of patch files. .It Va PORTSDIR .Vt ( str ) The location of the ports tree. .It Va USA_RESIDENT .Vt ( bool ) Set this if you are a resident of the USA so that ports that need to can attempt to comply with U.S. export regulations. .It Va WRKDIRPREFIX .Vt ( str ) Where to create temporary files used when building ports. .It Va X11BASE .Vt ( str ) Should be set to where the X11 distribution has been installed if it is installed anywhere other than .Pa /usr/X11R6 . .El .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width /etc/defaults/make.conf -compact .It Pa /etc/defaults/make.conf .It Pa /etc/make.conf .It Pa /usr/doc/Makefile .It Pa /usr/src/Makefile .It Pa /usr/src/Makefile.inc1 .It Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk .It Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.sites.mk .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr gcc 1 , .Xr install 1 , .Xr lpd 8 , .Xr make 1 , .Xr make 7 , .Xr ports 7 , .Xr sendmail 8 .Sh HISTORY The .Nm file appeared sometime before .Fx 4.0 . .Sh AUTHORS This manual page was written by .An Mike W. Meyer Aq mwm@mired.org . .Sh BUGS This manual page may occasionally be out of date with respect to the options currently available for use in .Nm . Please check the .Pa /etc/defaults/make.conf file for the latest options which are available. Index: head/usr.sbin/jail/jail.8 =================================================================== --- head/usr.sbin/jail/jail.8 (revision 74990) +++ head/usr.sbin/jail/jail.8 (revision 74991) @@ -1,374 +1,374 @@ .\" .\"Copyright (c) 2000 Robert N. M. Watson .\"All rights reserved. .\" .\"Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\"modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\"are met: .\"1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\"2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" .\"THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\"ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\"IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\"ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\"FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\"DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\"OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\"HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\"LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\"OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\"SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" .\"---------------------------------------------------------------------------- .\""THE BEER-WARE LICENSE" (Revision 42): .\" wrote this file. As long as you retain this notice you .\"can do whatever you want with this stuff. If we meet some day, and you think .\"this stuff is worth it, you can buy me a beer in return. Poul-Henning Kamp .\"---------------------------------------------------------------------------- .\" .\"$FreeBSD$ .\" .Dd April 28, 1999 .Dt JAIL 8 .Os FreeBSD .Sh NAME .Nm jail .Nd imprison process and its descendants .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Ar path .Ar hostname .Ar ip-number .Ar command .Ar ... .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm command imprisons a process and all future descendants. .Pp Please see the .Xr jail 2 man page for further details. .Sh EXAMPLES .Ss Setting up a Jail Directory Tree This shows how to setup a jail directory tree: .Bd -literal D=/here/is/the/jail cd /usr/src make world DESTDIR=$D cd etc -make distribution DESTDIR=$D NO_MAKEDEV=yes +make distribution DESTDIR=$D NO_MAKEDEV_RUN=yes cd $D/dev sh MAKEDEV jail cd $D ln -sf dev/null kernel .Ed .Ss Setting Up a Jail Do what was described in .Sx Setting Up a Jail Directory Tree to build the jail directory tree. For the sake of this example, we will assume you built it in .Pa /data/jail/192.168.11.100 , named for the jailed IP address. Substitute below as needed with your own directory, IP address, and hostname. .Pp First, you will want to set up your real system's environment to be .Dq jail-friendly . For consistency, we will refer to the parent box as the .Dq host environment , and to the jailed virtual machine as the .Dq jail environment . Because jail is implemented using IP aliases, one of the first things to do is to disable IP services on the host system that listen on all local IP addresses for a service. This means changing .Xr inetd 8 to only listen on the appropriate IP address, and so forth. Add the following to .Pa /etc/rc.conf in the host environment: .Bd -literal -offset indent sendmail_enable="NO" inetd_flags="-wW -a 192.168.11.23" portmap_enable="NO" syslogd_flags="-ss" .Ed .Pp .Li 192.169.11.23 is the native IP address for the host system, in this example. Daemons that run out of .Xr inetd 8 can be easily set to use only the specified host IP address. Other daemons will need to be manually configured--for some this is possible through the .Xr rc.conf 5 flags entries, for others it is not possible without munging the per-application configuration files, or even recompiling. For those applications that cannot specify the IP they run on, it is better to disable them, if possible. .Pp A number of daemons ship with the base system that may have problems when run from outside of a jail in a jail-centric environment. This includes .Xr syslogd 8 , .Xr sendmail 8 , .Xr named 8 , and .Xr portmap 8 . While sendmail and named can be configured to listen only on a specific IP using their configuration files, in most cases it is easier to simply run the daemons in jails only, and not in the host environment. Syslogd cannot be configured to bind only a single IP, but can be configured to not bind a network port, using the ``-ss'' argument. Attempting to serve NFS from the host environment may also cause confusion, and cannot be easily reconfigured to use only specific IPs, as some NFS services are hosted directly from the kernel. Any third party network software running in the host environment should also be checked and configured so that it does not bind all IP addresses, which would result in those services also appearing to be offered by the jail environments. .Pp Once these daemons have been disabled or fixed in the host environment, it is best to reboot so that all daemons are in a known state, to reduce the potential for confusion later (such as finding that when you send mail to a jail, and its sendmail is down, the mail is delivered to the host, etc.) .Pp Start any jails for the first time without configuring the network interface so that you can clean it up a little and set up accounts. As with any machine (virtual or not) you will need to set a root password, time zone, etc. Before beginning, you may want to copy .Xr sysinstall 8 into the tree so that you can use it to set things up easily. Do this using: .Bd -literal -offset indent # mkdir /data/jail/192.168.11.100/stand # cp /stand/sysinstall /data/jail/192.168.11.100/stand .Ed .Pp Now start the jail: .Bd -literal -offset indent # jail /data/jail/192.168.11.100 testhostname 192.168.11.100 /bin/sh .Ed .Pp You will end up with a shell prompt, assuming no errors, within the jail. You can now run .Pa /stand/sysinstall and do the post-install configuration to set various configuration options, or perform these actions manually by editing rc.conf, etc. .Pp .Bl -bullet -offset indent -compact .It Create an empty /etc/fstab to quell startup warnings about missing fstab .It Disable the port mapper (rc.conf: portmap_enable="NO") .It Run .Xr newaliases 1 to quell sendmail warnings. .It Disable interface configuration to quell startup warnings about ifconfig (network_interfaces="") .It Configure /etc/resolv.conf so that name resolution within the jail will work correctly .It Set a root password, probably different from the real host system .It Set the timezone .It Add accounts for users in the jail environment .It Install any packages that you think the environment requires .El .Pp You may also want to perform any package-specific configuration (web servers, SSH servers, etc), patch up /etc/syslog.conf so it logs as you'd like, etc. .Pp Exit from the shell, and the jail will be shut down. .Ss Starting the Jail You are now ready to restart the jail and bring up the environment with all of its daemons and other programs. To do this, first bring up the virtual host interface, and then start the jail's .Pa /etc/rc script from within the jail. .Pp NOTE: If you plan to allow untrusted users to have root access inside the jail, you may wish to consider setting the jail.set_hostname_allowed to 0. Please see the management reasons why this is a good idea. If you do decide to set this variable, it must be set before starting any jails, and once each boot. .Bd -literal -offset indent # ifconfig ed0 inet alias 192.168.11.100 netmask 255.255.255.255 # mount -t procfs proc /data/jail/192.168.11.100/proc # jail /data/jail/192.168.11.100 testhostname 192.168.11.100 \\ /bin/sh /etc/rc .Ed .Pp A few warnings will be produced, because most .Xr sysctl 8 configuration variables cannot be set from within the jail, as they are global across all jails and the host environment. However, it should all work properly. You should be able to see .Xr inetd 8 , .Xr syslogd 8 , and other processes running within the jail using .Xr ps 1 , with the .Dq J flag appearing beside jailed processes. You should also be able to telnet to the hostname or IP address of the jailed environment, and log in using the accounts you created previously. .Ss Managing the jail Normal machine shutdown commands, such as .Xr halt 8 , .Xr reboot 8 , and .Xr shutdown 8 , cannot be used successfully within the jail. To kill all processes in a jail, you may log into the jail and, as root, use one of the following commands, depending on what you want to accomplish: .Pp .Bl -bullet -offset indent -compact .It .Li kill -TERM -1 .It .Li kill -KILL -1 .El .Pp This will send the .Dq TERM or .Dq KILL signals to all processes in the jail from within the jail. Depending on the intended use of the jail, you may also want to run .Pa /etc/rc.shutdown from within the jail. Currently there is no way to insert new processes into a jail, so you must first log into the jail before performing these actions. .Pp To kill processes from outside the jail, you must individually identify the PID of each process to be killed. The .Pa /proc/ Ns Va pid Ns Pa /status file contains, as its last field, the hostname of the jail in which the process runs, or .Dq - to indicate that the process is not running within a jail. The .Xr ps 1 command also shows a .Dq J flag for processes in a jail. However, the hostname for a jail may be, by default, modified from within the jail, so the .Pa /proc status entry is unreliable by default. To disable the setting of the hostname from within a jail, set the .Dq Va jail.set_hostname_allowed sysctl variable in the host environment to 0, which will affect all jails. You can have this sysctl set each boot using .Xr sysctl.conf 5 . Just add the following line to sysctl.conf: .Bd -literal -offset indent jail.set_hostname_allowed=0 .Ed .Pp In a future version of .Fx , the mechanisms for managing jails will be more refined. .Ss Sysctl MIB Entries Certain aspects of the jail containments environment may be modified from the host environment using .Xr sysctl 8 MIB variables. Currently, these variables affect all jails on the system, although in the future this functionality may be finer grained. .Bl -tag -width XXX .It jail.set_hostname_allowed This MIB entry determines whether or not processes within a jail are allowed to change their hostname via .Xr hostname 1 or .Xr sethostname 3 . In the current jail implementation, the ability to set the hostname from within the jail can impact management tools relying on the accuracy of jail information in .Pa /proc . As such, this should be disabled in environments where privileged access to jails is given out to untrusted parties. .It jail.socket_unixiproute_only The jail functionality binds an IPv4 address to each jail, and limits access to other network addresses in the IPv4 space that may be available in the host environment. However, jail is not currently able to limit access to other network protocol stacks that have not had jail functionality added to them. As such, by default, processes within jails may only access protocols in the following domains: .Dv PF_LOCAL , .Dv PF_INET , and .Dv PF_ROUTE , permitting them access to UNIX domain sockets, IPv4 addresses, and routing sockets. To enable access to other domains, this MIB variable may be set to 0. .It jail.sysvipc_allowed This MIB entry determines whether or not processes within a jail have access to System V IPC primitives. In the current jail implementation, System V primitives share a single namespace across the host and jail environments, meaning that processes within a jail would be able to communicate with (and potentially interfere with) processes outside of the jail, and in other jails. As such, this functionality is disabled by default, but can be enabled by setting this MIB entry to 1. .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr newaliases 1 , .Xr ps 1 , .Xr chroot 2 , .Xr jail 2 , .Xr procfs 5 , .Xr rc.conf 5 , .Xr sysctl.conf 5 , .Xr halt 8 , .Xr inetd 8 , .Xr named 8 , .Xr portmap 8 , .Xr reboot 8 , .Xr sendmail 8 , .Xr shutdown 8 , .Xr sysctl 8 , .Xr syslogd 8 .Sh HISTORY The .Fn jail function call appeared in .Fx 4.0 . .Sh AUTHORS The jail feature was written by .An Poul-Henning Kamp for R&D Associates .Dq Li http://www.rndassociates.com/ who contributed it to .Fx . .Pp Robert Watson wrote the extended documentation, found a few bugs, added a few new features, and cleaned up the userland jail environment. .Sh BUGS Jail currently lacks strong management functionality, such as the ability to deliver signals to all processes in a jail, and to allow access to specific jail information via .Xr ps 1 as opposed to .Xr procfs 5 . Similarly, it might be a good idea to add an address alias flag such that daemons listening on all IPs (INADDR_ANY) will not bind on that address, which would facilitate building a safe host environment such that host daemons do not impose on services offered from within jails. Currently, the simplist answer is to minimize services offered on the host, possibly limiting it to services offered from .Xr inetd 8 which is easily configurable.