Page MenuHomeFreeBSD
Files F83120648

No OneTemporary
Actions

View Options

This file is larger than 256 KB, so syntax highlighting was skipped.
This document is not UTF8. It was detected as ISO-8859-1 (Latin 1) and converted to UTF8 for display.
Index: head/contrib/bc/gen/bc_help.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/gen/bc_help.txt (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/gen/bc_help.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -1,115 +1,120 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* The bc help text.
*
*/
usage: %s [options] [file...]
bc is a command-line, arbitrary-precision calculator with a Turing-complete
language. For details, use `man %s`.
This bc is compatible with both the GNU bc and the POSIX bc spec. See the GNU bc
manual (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/manual/bc.html) and bc spec
(http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
for details.
This bc has three differences to the GNU bc:
1) Arrays can be passed to the builtin "length" function to get the number of
elements currently in the array. The following example prints "1":
a[0] = 0
length(a[])
2) The precedence of the boolean "not" operator (!) is equal to that of the
unary minus (-), or negation, operator. This still allows POSIX-compliant
scripts to work while somewhat preserving expected behavior (versus C) and
making parsing easier.
3) This bc has many more extensions than the GNU bc does. For details, see the
man page.
+This bc also implements the dot (.) extension of the BSD bc.
+
Options:
-e expr --expression=expr
Run "expr" and quit. If multiple expressions or files (see below) are
given, they are all run before executing from stdin.
-f file --file=file
Run the bc code in "file" and exit. See above as well.
-g --global-stacks
Turn scale, ibase, and obase into stacks. This makes the value of each be
be restored on returning from functions. See the man page for more
details.
-h --help
Print this usage message and exit.
-i --interactive
Force interactive mode.
-l --mathlib
Use predefined math routines:
s(expr) = sine of expr in radians
c(expr) = cosine of expr in radians
a(expr) = arctangent of expr, returning radians
l(expr) = natural log of expr
e(expr) = raises e to the power of expr
j(n, x) = Bessel function of integer order n of x
+
+ This bc may load more functions with these options. See the manpage for
+ details.
-P --no-prompt
Disable the prompt in interactive mode.
-q --quiet
Don't print version and copyright.
-s --standard
Error if any non-POSIX extensions are used.
-w --warn
Warn if any non-POSIX extensions are used.
-v --version
Print version information and copyright and exit.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/gen/bc_help.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/gen/dc_help.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/gen/dc_help.txt (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/gen/dc_help.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -1,101 +1,101 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
- * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
*
- * All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* The dc help text.
*
*/
usage: %s [options] [file...]
dc is a reverse-polish notation command-line calculator which supports unlimited
precision arithmetic. For details, use `man %s`.
This dc is (mostly) compatible with the FreeBSD dc and the GNU dc. See the
FreeBSD man page (https://www.unix.com/man-page/FreeBSD/1/dc/) and the GNU dc
manual (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/manual/dc-1.05/html_mono/dc.html) for
details.
This dc has a few differences from the two above:
1) When printing a byte stream (command "P"), this bc follows what the FreeBSD
dc does.
2) This dc implements the GNU extensions for divmod ("~") and modular
exponentiation ("|").
3) This dc implements all FreeBSD extensions, except for "J" and "M".
4) This dc does not implement the run command ("!"), for security reasons.
5) Like the FreeBSD dc, this dc supports extended registers. However, they are
implemented differently. When it encounters whitespace where a register
should be, it skips the whitespace. If the character following is not
a lowercase letter, an error is issued. Otherwise, the register name is
parsed by the following regex:
[a-z][a-z0-9_]*
This generally means that register names will be surrounded by whitespace.
Examples:
l idx s temp L index S temp2 < do_thing
Also note that, unlike the FreeBSD dc, extended registers are not even
parsed unless the "-x" option is given. Instead, the space after a command
that requires a register name is taken as the register name.
Options:
-e expr --expression=expr
Run "expr" and quit. If multiple expressions or files (see below) are
given, they are all run. After running, dc will exit.
-f file --file=file
Run the dc code in "file" and exit. See above.
-h --help
Print this usage message and exit.
-i --interactive
Put dc into interactive mode. See the man page for more details.
-P --no-prompt
Disable the prompt in interactive mode.
-V --version
Print version and copyright and exit.
-x --extended-register
Enable extended register mode.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/gen/dc_help.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/gen/strgen.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/gen/strgen.c (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/gen/strgen.c (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * *****************************************************************************
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ * list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * *****************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Generates a const array from a bc script.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include <libgen.h>
+
+static const char* const bc_gen_header =
+ "// Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.\n"
+ "// Licensed under the 2-clause BSD license.\n"
+ "// *** AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED FROM %s. DO NOT MODIFY. ***\n";
+
+static const char* const bc_gen_include = "#include <%s>\n\n";
+static const char* const bc_gen_label = "const char *%s = \"%s\";\n\n";
+static const char* const bc_gen_ifdef = "#if %s\n";
+static const char* const bc_gen_endif = "#endif // %s\n";
+static const char* const bc_gen_name = "const char %s[] = {\n";
+
+#define IO_ERR (1)
+#define INVALID_INPUT_FILE (2)
+#define INVALID_PARAMS (3)
+
+#define MAX_WIDTH (74)
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+ FILE *in, *out;
+ char *label, *define, *name, *include;
+ int c, count, slashes, err = IO_ERR;
+ bool has_label, has_define, remove_tabs;
+
+ if (argc < 5) {
+ printf("usage: %s input output name header [label [define [remove_tabs]]]\n", argv[0]);
+ return INVALID_PARAMS;
+ }
+
+ name = argv[3];
+ include = argv[4];
+
+ has_label = (argc > 5 && strcmp("", argv[5]) != 0);
+ label = has_label ? argv[5] : "";
+
+ has_define = (argc > 6 && strcmp("", argv[6]) != 0);
+ define = has_define ? argv[6] : "";
+
+ remove_tabs = (argc > 7);
+
+ in = fopen(argv[1], "r");
+ if (!in) return INVALID_INPUT_FILE;
+
+ out = fopen(argv[2], "w");
+ if (!out) goto out_err;
+
+ if (fprintf(out, bc_gen_header, argv[1]) < 0) goto err;
+ if (has_define && fprintf(out, bc_gen_ifdef, define) < 0) goto err;
+ if (fprintf(out, bc_gen_include, include) < 0) goto err;
+ if (has_label && fprintf(out, bc_gen_label, label, argv[1]) < 0) goto err;
+ if (fprintf(out, bc_gen_name, name) < 0) goto err;
+
+ c = count = slashes = 0;
+
+ while (slashes < 2 && (c = fgetc(in)) >= 0) {
+ slashes += (slashes == 1 && c == '/' && fgetc(in) == '\n');
+ slashes += (!slashes && c == '/' && fgetc(in) == '*');
+ }
+
+ if (c < 0) {
+ err = INVALID_INPUT_FILE;
+ goto err;
+ }
+
+ while ((c = fgetc(in)) == '\n');
+
+ while (c >= 0) {
+
+ int val;
+
+ if (!remove_tabs || c != '\t') {
+
+ if (!count && fputc('\t', out) == EOF) goto err;
+
+ val = fprintf(out, "%d,", c);
+ if (val < 0) goto err;
+
+ count += val;
+
+ if (count > MAX_WIDTH) {
+ count = 0;
+ if (fputc('\n', out) == EOF) goto err;
+ }
+ }
+
+ c = fgetc(in);
+ }
+
+ if (!count && (fputc(' ', out) == EOF || fputc(' ', out) == EOF)) goto err;
+ if (fprintf(out, "0\n};\n") < 0) goto err;
+
+ err = (has_define && fprintf(out, bc_gen_endif, define) < 0);
+
+err:
+ fclose(out);
+out_err:
+ fclose(in);
+ return err;
+}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/gen/strgen.c
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/gen/strgen.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/gen/strgen.sh (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/gen/strgen.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -1,79 +1,79 @@
#! /bin/sh
#
-# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
#
-# All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#
export LANG=C
export LC_CTYPE=C
progname=${0##*/}
if [ $# -lt 4 ]; then
echo "usage: $progname input output name header [label [define [remove_tabs]]]"
exit 1
fi
input="$1"
output="$2"
name="$3"
header="$4"
label="$5"
define="$6"
remove_tabs="$7"
exec < "$input"
exec > "$output"
if [ -n "$label" ]; then
nameline="const char *${label} = \"${input}\";"
fi
if [ -n "$define" ]; then
condstart="#if ${define}"
condend="#endif"
fi
if [ -n "$remove_tabs" ]; then
if [ "$remove_tabs" -ne 0 ]; then
remtabsexpr='s: ::g;'
fi
fi
cat<<EOF
// Licensed under the 2-clause BSD license.
// *** AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED FROM ${input}. DO NOT MODIFY. ***
${condstart}
#include <${header}>
$nameline
const char ${name}[] =
$(sed -e "$remtabsexpr " -e '1,/^$/d; s:\\n:\\\\n:g; s:":\\":g; s:^:":; s:$:\\n":')
;
${condend}
EOF
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/gen/strgen.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/gen/lib.bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/gen/lib.bc (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/gen/lib.bc (revision 362987)
@@ -1,201 +1,201 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
- * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
*
- * All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* The bc math library.
*
*/
scale=20
define e(x){
auto b,s,n,r,d,i,p,f,v
b=ibase
ibase=A
if(x<0){
n=1
x=-x
}
s=scale
r=6+s+.44*x
scale=scale(x)+1
while(x>1){
d+=1
x/=2
scale+=1
}
scale=r
r=x+1
p=x
f=v=1
for(i=2;v;++i){
p*=x
f*=i
v=p/f
r+=v
}
while(d--)r*=r
scale=s
ibase=b
if(n)return(1/r)
return(r/1)
}
define l(x){
auto b,s,r,p,a,q,i,v
if(x<=0)return((1-A^scale)/1)
b=ibase
ibase=A
s=scale
scale+=6
p=2
while(x>=2){
p*=2
x=sqrt(x)
}
while(x<=.5){
p*=2
x=sqrt(x)
}
r=a=(x-1)/(x+1)
q=a*a
v=1
for(i=3;v;i+=2){
a*=q
v=a/i
r+=v
}
r*=p
scale=s
ibase=b
return(r/1)
}
define s(x){
auto b,s,r,a,q,i
if(x<0)return(-s(-x))
b=ibase
ibase=A
s=scale
scale=1.1*s+2
a=a(1)
scale=0
q=(x/a+2)/4
x-=4*q*a
if(q%2)x=-x
scale=s+2
r=a=x
q=-x*x
for(i=3;a;i+=2){
a*=q/(i*(i-1))
r+=a
}
scale=s
ibase=b
return(r/1)
}
define c(x){
auto b,s
b=ibase
ibase=A
s=scale
scale*=1.2
x=s(2*a(1)+x)
scale=s
ibase=b
return(x/1)
}
define a(x){
auto b,s,r,n,a,m,t,f,i,u
b=ibase
ibase=A
n=1
if(x<0){
n=-1
x=-x
}
if(scale<65){
if(x==1){
r=.7853981633974483096156608458198757210492923498437764552437361480/n
ibase=b
return(r)
}
if(x==.2){
r=.1973955598498807583700497651947902934475851037878521015176889402/n
ibase=b
return(r)
}
}
s=scale
if(x>.2){
scale+=5
a=a(.2)
}
scale=s+3
while(x>.2){
m+=1
x=(x-.2)/(1+.2*x)
}
r=u=x
f=-x*x
t=1
for(i=3;t;i+=2){
u*=f
t=u/i
r+=t
}
scale=s
ibase=b
return((m*a+r)/n)
}
define j(n,x){
auto b,s,o,a,i,v,f
b=ibase
ibase=A
s=scale
scale=0
n/=1
if(n<0){
n=-n
o=n%2
}
a=1
for(i=2;i<=n;++i)a*=i
scale=1.5*s
a=(x^n)/2^n/a
r=v=1
f=-x*x/4
scale+=length(a)-scale(a)
for(i=1;v;++i){
v=v*f/i/(n+i)
r+=v
}
scale=s
ibase=b
if(o)a=-a
return(a*r/1)
}
Index: head/contrib/bc/gen/lib2.bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/gen/lib2.bc (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/gen/lib2.bc (revision 362987)
@@ -1,317 +1,317 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
- * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
*
- * All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* The second bc math library.
*
*/
define p(x,y){
auto a
a=y$
if(y==a)return (x^a)@scale
return e(y*l(x))
}
define r(x,p){
auto t,n
if(x==0)return x
p=abs(p)$
n=(x<0)
x=abs(x)
t=x@p
if(p<scale(x)&&x-t>=5>>p+1)t+=1>>p
if(n)t=-t
return t
}
define ceil(x,p){
auto t,n
if(x==0)return x
p=abs(p)$
n=(x<0)
x=abs(x)
t=(x+((x@p<x)>>p))@p
if(n)t=-t
return t
}
define f(n){
auto r
n=abs(n)$
for(r=1;n>1;--n)r*=n
return r
}
define perm(n,k){
auto f,g,s
if(k>n)return 0
n=abs(n)$
k=abs(k)$
f=f(n)
g=f(n-k)
s=scale
scale=0
f/=g
scale=s
return f
}
define comb(n,r){
auto s,f,g,h
if(r>n)return 0
n=abs(n)$
r=abs(r)$
s=scale
scale=0
f=f(n)
h=f(r)
g=f(n-r)
f/=h*g
scale=s
return f
}
define log(x,b){
auto p,s
s=scale
if(scale<K)scale=K
if(scale(x)>scale)scale=scale(x)
scale*=2
p=l(x)/l(b)
scale=s
return p@s
}
define l2(x){return log(x,2)}
define l10(x){return log(x,A)}
define root(x,n){
auto s,m,r,q,p
if(n<0)sqrt(n)
n=n$
if(n==0)x/n
if(n==1)return x
if(n==2)return sqrt(x)
s=scale
scale=0
if(x<0&&n%2==0)sqrt(x)
scale=s+2
m=(x<0)
x=abs(x)
p=n-1
q=10^ceil((length(x$)/n)$,0)
while(r!=q){
r=q
q=(p*r+x/r^p)/n
}
if(m)r=-r
scale=s
return r@s
}
define cbrt(x){return root(x,3)}
define pi(s){
auto t,v
if(s==0)return 3
s=abs(s)$
t=scale
scale=s+1
v=4*a(1)
scale=t
return v@s
}
define t(x){
auto s,c,l
l=scale
scale+=2
s=s(x)
c=c(x)
scale=l
return s/c
}
define a2(y,x){
auto a,p
if(!x&&!y)y/x
if(x<=0){
p=pi(scale+2)
if(y<0)p=-p
}
if(x==0)a=p/2
else{
scale+=2
a=a(y/x)+p
scale-=2
}
return a@scale
}
define sin(x){return s(x)}
define cos(x){return c(x)}
define atan(x){return a(x)}
define tan(x){return t(x)}
define atan2(y,x){return a2(y,x)}
define r2d(x){
auto r,i,s
s=scale
scale+=5
i=ibase
ibase=A
r=x*180/pi(scale)
ibase=i
scale=s
return r@s
}
define d2r(x){
auto r,i,s
s=scale
scale+=5
i=ibase
ibase=A
r=x*pi(scale)/180
ibase=i
scale=s
return r@s
}
define frand(p){
p=abs(p)$
return irand(10^p)>>p
}
define ifrand(i,p){return irand(abs(i)$)+frand(p)}
define srand(x){
if(irand(2))return -x
return x
}
define brand(){return irand(2)}
define void output(x,b){
auto c
c=obase
obase=b
x
obase=c
}
define void hex(x){output(x,G)}
define void binary(x){output(x,2)}
define ubytes(x){
auto p,b,i
b=ibase
ibase=A
x=abs(x)$
i=2^8
for(p=1;i-1<x;p*=2){i*=i}
ibase=b
return p
}
define sbytes(x){
auto p,b,n,z
z=(x<0)
x=abs(x)
x=x$
n=ubytes(x)
b=ibase
ibase=A
p=2^(n*8-1)
if(x>p||(!z&&x==p))n*=2
ibase=b
return n
}
define void output_byte(x,i){
auto j,p,y,b
j=ibase
ibase=A
s=scale
scale=0
x=abs(x)$
b=x/(2^(i*8))
b%=2^8
y=log(256,obase)
if(b>1)p=log(b,obase)+1
else p=b
for(i=y-p;i>0;--i)print 0
if(b)print b
scale=s
ibase=j
}
define void output_uint(x,n){
auto i,b
b=ibase
ibase=A
for(i=n-1;i>=0;--i){
output_byte(x,i)
if(i)print" "
else print"\n"
}
ibase=b
}
define void hex_uint(x,n){
auto o
o=obase
obase=G
output_uint(x,n)
obase=o
}
define void binary_uint(x,n){
auto o
o=obase
obase=2
output_uint(x,n)
obase=o
}
define void uintn(x,n){
if(scale(x)){
print"Error: ",x," is not an integer.\n"
return
}
if(x<0){
print"Error: ",x," is negative.\n"
return
}
if(x>=2^(n*8)){
print"Error: ",x," cannot fit into ",n," unsigned byte(s).\n"
return
}
binary_uint(x,n)
hex_uint(x,n)
}
define void intn(x,n){
auto t
if(scale(x)){
print"Error: ",x," is not an integer.\n"
return
}
t=2^(n*8-1)
if(abs(x)>=t&&(x>0||x!=-t)){
print "Error: ",x," cannot fit into ",n," signed byte(s).\n"
return
}
if(x<0)x=2^(n*8)-(-x)
binary_uint(x,n)
hex_uint(x,n)
}
define void uint8(x){uintn(x,1)}
define void int8(x){intn(x,1)}
define void uint16(x){uintn(x,2)}
define void int16(x){intn(x,2)}
define void uint32(x){uintn(x,4)}
define void int32(x){intn(x,4)}
define void uint64(x){uintn(x,8)}
define void int64(x){intn(x,8)}
define void uint(x){uintn(x,ubytes(x))}
define void int(x){intn(x,sbytes(x))}
Index: head/contrib/bc/gen
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/gen (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/gen (revision 362987)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/gen
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:ignore
## -1 +0,0 ##
-strgen.c
Index: head/contrib/bc/install.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/install.sh (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/install.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+usage() {
+ printf "usage: %s install_dir exec_suffix\n" "$0" 1>&2
+ exit 1
+}
+
+script="$0"
+scriptdir=$(dirname "$script")
+
+. "$scriptdir/functions.sh"
+
+INSTALL="$scriptdir/safe-install.sh"
+
+test "$#" -ge 2 || usage
+
+installdir="$1"
+shift
+
+exec_suffix="$1"
+shift
+
+bindir="$scriptdir/bin"
+
+for exe in $bindir/*; do
+
+ base=$(basename "$exe")
+
+ if [ -L "$exe" ]; then
+ link=$(readlink "$exe")
+ "$INSTALL" -Dlm 755 "$link$exec_suffix" "$installdir/$base$exec_suffix"
+ else
+ "$INSTALL" -Dm 755 "$exe" "$installdir/$base$exec_suffix"
+ fi
+
+done
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/install.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/karatsuba.py
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/karatsuba.py (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/karatsuba.py (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+#! /usr/bin/python3 -B
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+import os
+import sys
+import subprocess
+import time
+
+def usage():
+ print("usage: {} [num_iterations test_num exe]".format(script))
+ print("\n num_iterations is the number of times to run each karatsuba number; default is 4")
+ print("\n test_num is the last Karatsuba number to run through tests")
+ sys.exit(1)
+
+def run(cmd, env=None):
+ return subprocess.run(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, env=env)
+
+script = sys.argv[0]
+testdir = os.path.dirname(script)
+
+if testdir == "":
+ testdir = os.getcwd()
+
+print("\nWARNING: This script is for distro and package maintainers.")
+print("It is for finding the optimal Karatsuba number.")
+print("Though it only needs to be run once per release/platform,")
+print("it takes forever to run.")
+print("You have been warned.\n")
+print("Note: If you send an interrupt, it will report the current best number.\n")
+
+if __name__ != "__main__":
+ usage()
+
+mx = 520
+mx2 = mx // 2
+mn = 16
+
+num = "9" * mx
+
+args_idx = 4
+
+if len(sys.argv) >= 2:
+ num_iterations = int(sys.argv[1])
+else:
+ num_iterations = 4
+
+if len(sys.argv) >= 3:
+ test_num = int(sys.argv[2])
+else:
+ test_num = 0
+
+if len(sys.argv) >= args_idx:
+ exe = sys.argv[3]
+else:
+ exe = testdir + "/bin/bc"
+
+exedir = os.path.dirname(exe)
+
+indata = "for (i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {} * {}\n"
+indata += "1.23456789^100000\n1.23456789^100000\nhalt"
+indata = indata.format(num, num).encode()
+
+times = []
+nums = []
+runs = []
+nruns = num_iterations + 1
+
+for i in range(0, nruns):
+ runs.append(0)
+
+tests = [ "multiply", "modulus", "power", "sqrt" ]
+scripts = [ "multiply" ]
+
+print("Testing CFLAGS=\"-flto\"...")
+
+flags = dict(os.environ)
+try:
+ flags["CFLAGS"] = flags["CFLAGS"] + " " + "-flto"
+except KeyError:
+ flags["CFLAGS"] = "-flto"
+
+p = run([ "./configure.sh", "-O3" ], flags)
+if p.returncode != 0:
+ print("configure.sh returned an error ({}); exiting...".format(p.returncode))
+ sys.exit(p.returncode)
+
+p = run([ "make" ])
+
+if p.returncode == 0:
+ config_env = flags
+ print("Using CFLAGS=\"-flto\"")
+else:
+ config_env = os.environ
+ print("Not using CFLAGS=\"-flto\"")
+
+p = run([ "make", "clean" ])
+
+print("Testing \"make -j4\"")
+
+if p.returncode != 0:
+ print("make returned an error ({}); exiting...".format(p.returncode))
+ sys.exit(p.returncode)
+
+p = run([ "make", "-j4" ])
+
+if p.returncode == 0:
+ makecmd = [ "make", "-j4" ]
+ print("Using \"make -j4\"")
+else:
+ makecmd = [ "make" ]
+ print("Not using \"make -j4\"")
+
+if test_num != 0:
+ mx2 = test_num
+
+try:
+
+ for i in range(mn, mx2 + 1):
+
+ print("\nCompiling...\n")
+
+ p = run([ "./configure.sh", "-O3", "-k{}".format(i) ], config_env)
+
+ if p.returncode != 0:
+ print("configure.sh returned an error ({}); exiting...".format(p.returncode))
+ sys.exit(p.returncode)
+
+ p = run(makecmd)
+
+ if p.returncode != 0:
+ print("make returned an error ({}); exiting...".format(p.returncode))
+ sys.exit(p.returncode)
+
+ if (test_num >= i):
+
+ print("Running tests for Karatsuba Num: {}\n".format(i))
+
+ for test in tests:
+
+ cmd = [ "{}/tests/test.sh".format(testdir), "bc", test, "0", "0", exe ]
+
+ p = subprocess.run(cmd + sys.argv[args_idx:], stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+ if p.returncode != 0:
+ print("{} test failed:\n".format(test, p.returncode))
+ print(p.stderr.decode())
+ print("\nexiting...")
+ sys.exit(p.returncode)
+
+ print("")
+
+ for script in scripts:
+
+ cmd = [ "{}/tests/script.sh".format(testdir), "bc", script + ".bc",
+ "0", "1", "1", "0", exe ]
+
+ p = subprocess.run(cmd + sys.argv[args_idx:], stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+ if p.returncode != 0:
+ print("{} test failed:\n".format(test, p.returncode))
+ print(p.stderr.decode())
+ print("\nexiting...")
+ sys.exit(p.returncode)
+
+ print("")
+
+ elif test_num == 0:
+
+ print("Timing Karatsuba Num: {}".format(i), end='', flush=True)
+
+ for j in range(0, nruns):
+
+ cmd = [ exe, "{}/tests/bc/power.txt".format(testdir) ]
+
+ start = time.perf_counter()
+ p = subprocess.run(cmd, input=indata, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+ end = time.perf_counter()
+
+ if p.returncode != 0:
+ print("bc returned an error; exiting...")
+ sys.exit(p.returncode)
+
+ runs[j] = end - start
+
+ run_times = runs[1:]
+ avg = sum(run_times) / len(run_times)
+
+ times.append(avg)
+ nums.append(i)
+ print(", Time: {}".format(times[i - mn]))
+
+except KeyboardInterrupt:
+ nums = nums[0:i]
+ times = times[0:i]
+
+if test_num == 0:
+
+ opt = nums[times.index(min(times))]
+
+ print("\n\nOptimal Karatsuba Num (for this machine): {}".format(opt))
+ print("Run the following:\n")
+ if "-flto" in config_env["CFLAGS"]:
+ print("CFLAGS=\"-flto\" ./configure.sh -O3 -k {}".format(opt))
+ else:
+ print("./configure.sh -O3 -k {}".format(opt))
+ print("make")
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/karatsuba.py
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/link.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/link.sh (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/link.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+usage() {
+ printf "usage: %s bin_dir link\n" "$0" 1>&2
+ exit 1
+}
+
+test "$#" -gt 1 || usage
+
+bindir="$1"
+shift
+
+link="$1"
+shift
+
+
+for exe in "$bindir"/*; do
+
+ if [ ! -L "$exe" ]; then
+
+ base=$(basename "$exe")
+ ext="${base##*.}"
+
+ if [ "$ext" != "$base" ]; then
+ name="$link.$ext"
+ else
+ name="$link"
+ fi
+
+ ln -fs "$base" "$bindir/$name"
+ fi
+
+done
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/link.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc.1 (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc.1 (nonexistent)
@@ -1,1566 +0,0 @@
-.\" generated with Ronn/v0.7.3
-.\" http://github.com/rtomayko/ronn/tree/0.7.3
-.
-.TH "BC" "1" "June 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
-.
-.SH "NAME"
-\fBbc\fR \- arbitrary\-precision arithmetic language and calculator
-.
-.SH "SYNOPSIS"
-\fBbc\fR [\fB\-ghilPqsvVw\fR] [\fB\-\-global\-stacks\fR] [\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fB\-\-interactive\fR] [\fB\-\-mathlib\fR] [\fB\-\-no\-prompt\fR] [\fB\-\-quiet\fR] [\fB\-\-standard\fR] [\fB\-\-warn\fR] [\fB\-\-version\fR] [\fB\-e\fR \fIexpr\fR] [\fB\-\-expression=\fR\fIexpr\fR\.\.\.] [\fB\-f\fR \fIfile\fR\.\.\.] [\fB\-file=\fR\fIfile\fR\.\.\.] [\fIfile\fR\.\.\.]
-.
-.SH "DESCRIPTION"
-bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by POSIX\. (The current standard is here \fIhttps://pubs\.opengroup\.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc\.html\fR\.) The language provides unlimited precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C\-like, but there are differences\. Such differences will be noted in this document\.
-.
-.P
-After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the command line and executes them before reading from \fBstdin\fR\.
-.
-.P
-With all build options, except for extra math, enabled this bc(1) is a drop\-in replacement for \fB\fIany\fR\fR bc(1), including (and especially) the GNU bc(1)\. It is also a drop\-in replacement for any bc(1) if extra math is enabled, but it will have extra features not found in other bc(1) implementations\.
-.
-.SH "OPTIONS"
-The following are the options that bc(1) accepts\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-global\-stacks\fR
-Turns the globals \fBibase\fR, \fBobase\fR, and \fBscale\fR into stacks\. This includes \fBseed\fR if bc(1) was built with the extra math option\.
-.
-.IP
-This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all three are pushed onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function returns\. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions\. Thus, \fBoutput(x,b)\fR (in the \fIextended library\fR) could have been written like this:
-.
-.IP
-\fBdefine void output(x, b) { obase=b; x }\fR
-.
-.IP
-instead of like this:
-.
-.IP
-\fBdefine void output(x, b) { auto c; c=obase; obase=b; x; obase=c }\fR
-.
-.IP
-This makes writing functions much easier\.
-.
-.IP
-However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set \fBibase\fR, \fBobase\fR, or \fBscale\fR globally, functions that are made to do so cannot work anymore\. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a solution\.
-.
-.IP
-First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell aliases\. Examples:
-.
-.IP
-\fBalias d2o="bc \-e ibase=A \-e obase=8"; alias h2b="bc \-e ibase=G \-e obase=2"\fR
-.
-.IP
-Second, if the purpose of a function is to set \fBibase\fR, \fBobase\fR, or \fBscale\fR globally for any other purpose, it could be split into one to three functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of those functions could return the desired value for a global\.
-.
-.IP
-For functions that set \fBseed\fR, the value assigned to \fBseed\fR is not propagated to parent functions\. This means that the sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that they see will not be the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that any parent sees\. This is only the case once \fBseed\fR has been set\.
-.
-.IP
-If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo\-random numbers of its parents, but wants to use the same \fBseed\fR, it can use the following line:
-.
-.IP
-\fBseed = seed\fR
-.
-.IP
-If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users could make sure to define \fBBC_ENV_ARGS\fR and include this option (see the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section for more details)\.
-.
-.IP
-If \fB\-s\fR, \fB\-w\fR, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
-Prints a usage message and quits\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-interactive\fR
-Forces interactive mode\. (See the INTERACTIVE MODE section\.)
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-mathlib\fR
-Sets \fBscale\fR (see the Scale section) to \fB20\fR and loads the included math library before running any code, including any expressions or files specified on the command line\.
-.
-.IP
-To learn what is in the library, see the LIBRARY section\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-no\-prompt\fR
-Disables the prompt in interactive mode\. This is mostly for those users that do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in \fBbc\fR\. Most of those users would want to put this option in \fBBC_ENV_ARGS\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-If the prompt has been disabled while building bc(1), this option is a no\-op\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
-Do not print copyright header\. bc(1) will also suppress the header in non\-interactive mode\.
-.
-.IP
-This is mostly for compatibility with the GNU bc(1) \fIhttps://www\.gnu\.org/software/bc/\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-standard\fR
-Process exactly the language defined by the standard \fIhttps://pubs\.opengroup\.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc\.html\fR and error if any extensions are used\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
-Print the version information (copyright header) and exit\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warn\fR
-Like \fB\-s\fR and \fB\-\-standard\fR, except that warnings (and not errors) are given for non\-standard extensions\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-e\fR \fIexpr\fR, \fB\-\-expression\fR=\fIexpr\fR
-Evaluates \fBexpr\fR\. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order\. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are evaluated in the order given\. This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is read in and evaluated first\.
-.
-.IP
-In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute the expressions and then exit\. This bc(1) does not, unless the \fBBC_EXPR_EXIT\fR is defined (see the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-f\fR \fIfile\fR, \fB\-\-file\fR=\fIfile\fR
-Reads in \fBfile\fR and evaluates it\. If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated in the order given\.
-.
-.IP
-In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute the files and then exit\. This bc(1) does not, unless the \fBBC_EXPR_EXIT\fR is defined (see the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.P
-\fBNote\fR: long options are only accepted if bc(1) is built with them enabled\.
-.
-.SH "STDOUT"
-Any non\-error output is written to \fBstdout\fR\.
-.
-.P
-\fBNote\fR: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal error (see the EXIT STATUS section) if it cannot write to \fBstdout\fR, so if \fBstdout\fR is closed, as in \fBbc <file> >&\-\fR, it will quit with an error\. This is done so that bc(1) can report problems when \fBstdout\fR is redirected to a file\.
-.
-.P
-If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect \fBstdout\fR to \fB/dev/null\fR\.
-.
-.SH "STDERR"
-Any error output is written to \fBstderr\fR\.
-.
-.P
-\fBNote\fR: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal error (see the EXIT STATUS section) if it cannot write to \fBstderr\fR, so if \fBstderr\fR is closed, as in \fBbc <file> 2>&\-\fR, it will quit with an error\. This is done so that bc(1) can report problems when \fBstderr\fR is redirected to a file\.
-.
-.P
-If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect \fBstderr\fR to \fB/dev/null\fR\.
-.
-.SH "SYNTAX"
-The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C\-like, with some differences\. This bc(1) follows the POSIX standard \fIhttps://pubs\.opengroup\.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc\.html\fR, which is a much more thorough resource for the language this bc(1) accepts\. This section is meant to be a summary and a listing of all the extensions to the standard \fIhttps://pubs\.opengroup\.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc\.html\fR\.
-.
-.P
-In the sections below, \fBE\fR means expression, \fBS\fR means statement, and \fBI\fR means identifier\.
-.
-.P
-Identifiers (\fBI\fR) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any number (up to \fBBC_NAME_MAX\-1\fR) of lowercase letters (\fBa\-z\fR), digits (\fB0\-9\fR), and underscores (\fB_\fR)\. The regex is \fB[a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\fR Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.P
-\fBibase\fR is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers\. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers\. \fBibase\fR is initially \fB10\fR\. If the \fB\-s\fR (\fB\-\-standard\fR) and \fB\-w\fR (\fB\-\-warn\fR) flags were not given on the command line, the max allowable value for \fBibase\fR is \fB36\fR\. Otherwise, it is \fB16\fR\. The min allowable value for \fBibase\fR is \fB2\fR\. The max allowable value for \fBibase\fR can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \fBmaxibase()\fR built in function\.
-.
-.P
-\fBobase\fR is a global variable determining how to output results\. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers\. \fBobase\fR is initially \fB10\fR\. The max allowable value for \fBobase\fR is \fBBC_BASE_MAX\fR\. The min allowable value for \fBobase\fR is \fB2\fR, unless bc(1) was built with the extra math option\. If it was, then the min allowable value is \fB0\fR\. In this case, if \fBobase\fR is \fB0\fR, values are output in scientific notation, and if \fBobase\fR is \fB1\fR, values are output in engineering notation\. (Outputting in scientific or engineering notation are \fBnon\-portable extensions\fR\.) The max allowable value for \fBobase\fR can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \fBmaxobase()\fR built in function\.
-.
-.P
-The \fBscale\fR of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \fBscale\fR is a global variable that sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions\. \fBscale\fR is initially \fB0\fR\. \fBscale\fR cannot be negative\. The max allowable value for \fBscale\fR can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \fBmaxscale()\fR built in function\.
-.
-.P
-bc(1) has both \fBglobal\fR variables and \fBlocal\fR variables\. All \fBlocal\fR variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in the \fBauto\fR list of a function (see FUNCTIONS)\. If a variable is accessed which is not a parameter or in the \fBauto\fR list, it is assumed to be \fBglobal\fR\. If a parent function has a \fBlocal\fR variable version of a \fBglobal\fR variable that is accessed by a function that it calls, the value of that \fBglobal\fR variable in the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not the value of the actual \fBglobal\fR variable\.
-.
-.P
-All of the above applies to arrays as well\.
-.
-.P
-The value of a statement that is an expression (i\.e\., any of the \fINamed Expressions\fR or \fIOperands\fR) is printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an \fI\fBassignment\fR\fR operator \fB\fIand\fR\fR the expression is not surrounded by parentheses\.
-.
-.P
-The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable \fBlast\fR\. A single dot (\fB\.\fR) may also be used as a synonym for \fBlast\fR\. These are \fBnon\-portable extensions\fR\.
-.
-.P
-Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements\.
-.
-.SS "Comments"
-There are two kinds of comments:
-.
-.IP "1." 4
-Block comments are enclosed in \fB/*\fR and \fB*/\fR\.
-.
-.IP "2." 4
-Line comments go from \fB#\fR until, and not including, the next newline\. This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.IP "" 0
-.
-.P
- \fI\fR
-.
-.SS "Named Expressions"
-The following are named expressions in bc(1):
-.
-.IP "1." 4
-Variables: \fBI\fR
-.
-.IP "2." 4
-Array Elements: \fBI[E]\fR
-.
-.IP "3." 4
-\fBibase\fR
-.
-.IP "4." 4
-\fBobase\fR
-.
-.IP "5." 4
-\fBscale\fR
-.
-.IP "6." 4
-\fBlast\fR or a single dot (\fB\.\fR)
-.
-.IP "" 0
-.
-.P
-Number 6 is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.P
-If bc(1) was built with the extra math option, the following is also a named expression:
-.
-.IP "1." 4
-\fBseed\fR
-.
-.IP "" 0
-.
-.P
-The meaning of \fBseed\fR is dependent on the current pseudo\-random number generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions\.
-.
-.P
-The \fBscale\fR of the value may be significant\.
-.
-.P
-If a previously used \fBseed\fR value is assigned to \fBseed\fR and used again, the pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers as it did when the \fBseed\fR value was previously used\.
-.
-.P
-The exact value assigned to \fBseed\fR is not guaranteed to be returned if \fBseed\fR is queried again immediately\. However, if \fBseed\fR \fIdoes\fR return a different value, both values, when assigned to \fBseed\fR, are guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers\. This means that certain values assigned to \fBseed\fR will not produce unique sequences of pseudo\-random numbers\. The value of \fBseed\fR will change after any use of the \fBrand()\fR and \fBirand(E)\fR operands, except if the parameter passed to \fBirand(E)\fR is \fB0\fR or \fB1\fR\.
-.
-.P
-There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or \fIscale\fR of the value that can be assigned to \fBseed\fR\.
-.
-.P
-This command is only available if bc(1) was built with the extra math option\.
-.
-.P
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.P
-Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as variables\. This also applies to functions (see the FUNCTIONS section), so a user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and they will not shadow each other\.
-.
-.P
-Named expressions are required as the operand of \fI\fBincrement\fR/\fBdecrement\fR operators\fR and as the left side of \fI\fBassignment\fR operators\fR\.
-.
-.P
- \fI\fR
-.
-.SS "Operands"
-The following are valid operands in bc(1):
-.
-.IP "1." 4
-Numbers (see \fINumbers\fR below)\.
-.
-.IP "2." 4
-Array indices (\fBI[E]\fR)\.
-.
-.IP "3." 4
-\fB(E)\fR: The value of \fBE\fR (used to change precedence)\.
-.
-.IP "4." 4
-\fBsqrt(E)\fR: The square root of \fBE\fR\. \fBE\fR must be non\-negative\.
-.
-.IP "5." 4
-\fBlength(E)\fR: The number of significant decimal digits in \fBE\fR\.
-.
-.IP "6." 4
-\fBlength(I[])\fR: The number of elements in the array \fBI\fR\. This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.IP "7." 4
-\fBscale(E)\fR: The \fBscale\fR of \fBE\fR\.
-.
-.IP "8." 4
-\fBabs(E)\fR: The absolute value of \fBE\fR\. This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.IP "9." 4
-\fBI()\fR, \fBI(E)\fR, \fBI(E, E)\fR, and so on, where \fBI\fR is an identifier for a non\-\fIvoid function\fR\. The \fBE\fR parameters may also be arrays, which will automatically be turned into \fIarray references\fR if the corresponding parameter is an array reference\.
-.
-.IP "10." 4
-\fBread()\fR: Reads a line from \fBstdin\fR and uses that as an expression\. The result of that expression is the result of the \fBread()\fR operand\. This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.IP "11." 4
-\fBmaxibase()\fR: The max allowable \fBibase\fR\. This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.IP "12." 4
-\fBmaxobase()\fR: The max allowable \fBobase\fR\. This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.IP "13." 4
-\fBmaxscale()\fR: The max allowable \fBscale\fR\. This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.IP "" 0
-.
-.P
-If bc(1) was built with the extra math option, the following are also valid operands:
-.
-.IP "1." 4
-\fBrand()\fR: A pseudo\-random integer between \fB0\fR (inclusive) and \fBBC_RAND_MAX\fR (inclusive)\. Using this operand will change the value of \fBseed\fR\. This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.IP "2." 4
-\fBirand(E)\fR: A pseudo\-random integer between \fB0\fR (inclusive) and the value of \fBE\fR (exclusive)\. If \fBE\fR is negative or is a non\-integer (\fBscale\fR is not \fB0\fR), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets (see the RESET section)\. If \fBE\fR is larger than \fBBC_RAND_MAX\fR, the higher bound is honored by generating several pseudo\-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of \fBBC_RAND_MAX + 1\fR, and adding them together\. Thus, the size of integer that can be generated with this operand is unbounded\. Using this operand will change the value of \fBseed\fR\. If \fBE\fR is \fB0\fR or \fB1\fR, then \fB0\fR is returned, and \fBseed\fR is not changed\. This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.IP "3." 4
-\fBmaxrand()\fR: The max integer returned by \fBrand()\fR\. This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.IP "" 0
-.
-.P
-The integers generated by \fBrand()\fR and \fBirand(E)\fR are guaranteed to be as unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator\.
-.
-.P
-\fBNote\fR: The values returned by the pseudo\-random number generator with \fBrand()\fR and \fBirand(E)\fR are guaranteed to \fBNOT\fR be cryptographically\-secure\. This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo\-random number generator\. However, they \fBare\fR guaranteed to be reproducible with identical \fBseed\fR values\.
-.
-.P
- \fI\fR
-.
-.SS "Numbers"
-Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most \fB1\fR period for a radix\. Numbers can have up to \fBBC_NUM_MAX\fR digits\. Uppercase letters equal \fB9\fR + their position in the alphabet (i\.e\., \fBA\fR equals \fB10\fR, or \fB9 + 1\fR)\. If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of \fBibase\fR, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in \fBibase\fR\.
-.
-.P
-Single\-character numbers (i\.e\., \fBA\fR) take the value that they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of \fBibase\fR\. This means that \fBA\fR always equals decimal \fB10\fR and \fBZ\fR always equals decimal \fB35\fR\.
-.
-.P
-In addition, if bc(1) was built with the extra math option, it accepts numbers in scientific notation\. For bc(1), an example is \fB1\.89237e9\fR, which is equal to \fB1892370000\fR\. Negative exponents are also allowed, so \fB4\.2890e\-3\fR is equal to \fB0\.0042890\fR\.
-.
-.P
-Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the \fB\-s\fR or \fB\-w\fR, respectively, command\-line options (or equivalents) are given\.
-.
-.P
-\fBWARNING\fR: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are interpreted according to the current \fBibase\fR, but the number is still multiplied by \fB10^exponent\fR regardless of the current \fBibase\fR\. For example, if \fBibase\fR is \fB16\fR and bc(1) is given the number string \fB"FFeA"\fR, the resulting decimal number will be \fB2550000000000\fR, and if bc(1) is given the number string \fB"10e\-4"\fR, the resulting decimal number will be \fB0\.0016\fR\.
-.
-.P
-Accepting input as scientific notation is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.SS "Operators"
-The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used\. They are listed in order of decreasing precedence\. Operators in the same group have the same precedence\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB++\fR \fB\-\-\fR
-Type: Prefix and Postfix
-.
-.IP
-Associativity: None
-.
-.IP
-Description: \fBincrement\fR, \fBdecrement\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-\fR \fB!\fR
-Type: Prefix
-.
-.IP
-Associativity: None
-.
-.IP
-Description: \fBnegation\fR, \fBboolean not\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB$\fR
-Type: Postfix
-.
-.IP
-Associativity: None
-.
-.IP
-Description: \fBtruncation\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB@\fR
-Type: Binary
-.
-.IP
-Associativity: Right
-.
-.IP
-Description: \fBset precision\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB^\fR
-Type: Binary
-.
-.IP
-Associativity: Right
-.
-.IP
-Description: \fBpower\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB*\fR \fB/\fR \fB%\fR
-Type: Binary
-.
-.IP
-Associativity: Left
-.
-.IP
-Description: \fBmultiply\fR, \fBdivide\fR, \fBmodulus\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB+\fR \fB\-\fR
-Type: Binary
-.
-.IP
-Associativity: Left
-.
-.IP
-Description: \fBadd\fR, \fBsubtract\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB<<\fR \fB>>\fR
-Type: Binary
-.
-.IP
-Associativity: Left
-.
-.IP
-Description: \fBshift left\fR, \fBshift right\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB=\fR \fB<<=\fR \fB>>=\fR \fB+=\fR \fB\-=\fR \fB*=\fR \fB/=\fR \fB%=\fR \fB^=\fR \fB@=\fR
-Type: Binary
-.
-.IP
-Associativity: Right
-.
-.IP
-Description: \fBassignment\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB==\fR \fB<=\fR \fB>=\fR \fB!=\fR \fB<\fR \fB>\fR
-Type: Binary
-.
-.IP
-Associativity: Left
-.
-.IP
-Description: \fBrelational\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB&&\fR
-Type: Binary
-.
-.IP
-Associativity: Left
-.
-.IP
-Description: \fBboolean and\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB||\fR
-Type: Binary
-.
-.IP
-Associativity: Left
-.
-.IP
-Description: \fBboolean or\fR
-.
-.P
-The operators will be described in more detail below\.
-.
-.P
- \fI\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB++\fR \fB\-\-\fR
-The prefix and postfix \fBincrement\fR and \fBdecrement\fR operators behave exactly like they would in C\. They require a \fInamed expression\fR as an operand\.
-.
-.IP
-The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where possible\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-\fR
-The \fBnegation\fR operator returns \fB0\fR if a user attempts to negate any expression with the value \fB0\fR\. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with its sign flipped is returned\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB!\fR
-The \fBboolean not\fR operator returns \fB1\fR if the expression is \fB0\fR, or \fB0\fR otherwise\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB$\fR
-The \fBtruncation\fR operator returns a copy of the given expression with all of its \fBscale\fR removed\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is only available if bc(1) has been compiled with the extra math option enabled\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB@\fR
-The \fBset precision\fR operator takes two expressions and returns a copy of the first with its \fBscale\fR equal to the value of the second expression\. That could either mean that the number is returned without change (if the \fBscale\fR of the first expression matches the value of the second expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is more)\.
-.
-.IP
-The second expression must be an integer (no \fBscale\fR) and non\-negative\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is only available if bc(1) has been compiled with the extra math option enabled\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB^\fR
-The \fBpower\fR operator (not the \fBexclusive or\fR operator, as it would be in C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of the second\.
-.
-.IP
-The second expression must be an integer (no \fBscale\fR), and if it is negative, the first value must be non\-zero\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB*\fR
-The \fBmultiply\fR operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and returns the product\. If \fBa\fR is the \fBscale\fR of the first expression and \fBb\fR is the \fBscale\fR of the second expression, the scale of the result is equal to \fBmin(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\fR where \fBmin\fR and \fBmax\fR return the obvious values\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB/\fR
-The \fBdivide\fR operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the quotient\. The scale of the result shall be the value of \fBscale\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-The second expression must be non\-zero\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB%\fR
-The \fBmodulus\fR operator takes two expressions, \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR, and evaluates them by 1) Computing \fBa/b\fR to current \fBscale\fR and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate \fBa\-(a/b)*b\fR to scale \fBmax(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-The second expression must be non\-zero\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB+\fR
-The \fBadd\fR operator takes two expressions, \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR, and returns the sum, with a \fBscale\fR equal to the max of the \fBscale\fRs of \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-\fR
-The \fBsubtract\fR operator takes two expressions, \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR, and returns the difference, with a \fBscale\fR equal to the max of the \fBscale\fRs of \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB<<\fR
-The \fBleft shift\fR operator takes two expressions, \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR, and returns a copy of the value of \fBa\fR with its decimal point moved \fBb\fR places to the right\.
-.
-.IP
-The second expression must be an integer (no \fBscale\fR) and non\-negative\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is only available if bc(1) has been compiled with the extra math option enabled\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB>>\fR
-The \fBright shift\fR operator takes two expressions, \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR, and returns a copy of the value of \fBa\fR with its decimal point moved \fBb\fR places to the left\.
-.
-.IP
-The second expression must be an integer (no \fBscale\fR) and non\-negative\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is only available if bc(1) has been compiled with the extra math option enabled\.
-.
-.P
- \fI\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB=\fR \fB<<=\fR \fB>>=\fR \fB+=\fR \fB\-=\fR \fB*=\fR \fB/=\fR \fB%=\fR \fB^=\fR \fB@=\fR
-The \fBassignment\fR operators take two expressions, \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR where \fBa\fR is a \fInamed expression\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-For \fB=\fR, \fBb\fR is copied and the result is assigned to \fBa\fR\. For all others, \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR are applied as operands to the corresponding arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to \fBa\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-The \fBassignment\fR operators that correspond to operators that are extensions are themselves extensions\.
-.
-.IP
-Also, those \fBassignment\fR operators that are extensions are only available if bc(1) has been compiled with the extra math option enabled\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB==\fR \fB<=\fR \fB>=\fR \fB!=\fR \fB<\fR \fB>\fR
-The \fBrelational\fR operators compare two expressions, \fBa\fR and \fBb\fR, and if the relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is \fB1\fR\. Otherwise, it is \fB0\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the \fBassignment\fR operators, which means that \fBa=b>c\fR is interpreted as \fB(a=b)>c\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-Also, unlike the standard \fIhttps://pubs\.opengroup\.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc\.html\fR requires, these operators can appear anywhere any other expressions can be used\. This allowance is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB&&\fR
-The \fBboolean and\fR operator takes two expressions and returns \fB1\fR if both expressions are non\-zero, \fB0\fR otherwise\.
-.
-.IP
-This is \fB\fInot\fR\fR a short\-circuit operator\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB||\fR
-The \fBboolean or\fR operator takes two expressions and returns \fB1\fR if one of the expressions is non\-zero, \fB0\fR otherwise\.
-.
-.IP
-This is \fB\fInot\fR\fR a short\-circuit operator\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.SS "Statements"
-The following items are statements:
-.
-.IP "1." 4
-\fBE\fR
-.
-.IP "2." 4
-\fB{\fR \fBS\fR \fB;\fR \.\.\. \fB;\fR \fBS\fR \fB}\fR
-.
-.IP "3." 4
-\fBif\fR \fB(\fR \fBE\fR \fB)\fR \fBS\fR
-.
-.IP "4." 4
-\fBif\fR \fB(\fR \fBE\fR \fB)\fR \fBS\fR \fBelse\fR \fBS\fR
-.
-.IP "5." 4
-\fBwhile\fR \fB(\fR \fBE\fR \fB)\fR \fBS\fR
-.
-.IP "6." 4
-\fBfor\fR \fB(\fR \fBE\fR \fB;\fR \fBE\fR \fB;\fR \fBE\fR \fB)\fR \fBS\fR
-.
-.IP "7." 4
-An empty statement
-.
-.IP "8." 4
-\fBbreak\fR
-.
-.IP "9." 4
-\fBcontinue\fR
-.
-.IP "10." 4
-\fBquit\fR
-.
-.IP "11." 4
-\fBhalt\fR
-.
-.IP "12." 4
-\fBlimits\fR
-.
-.IP "13." 4
-A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
-.
-.IP "14." 4
-\fBprint\fR \fBE\fR \fB,\fR \.\.\. \fB,\fR \fBE\fR
-.
-.IP "15." 4
-\fBI()\fR, \fBI(E)\fR, \fBI(E, E)\fR, and so on, where \fBI\fR is an identifier for a \fIvoid function\fR\. The \fBE\fR parameters may also be arrays, which will automatically be turned into \fIarray references\fR if the corresponding parameter is an array reference\.
-.
-.IP "" 0
-.
-.P
-Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are \fBnon\-portable extensions\fR\.
-.
-.P
-Also, as a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR, any or all of the expressions in the header of a for loop may be omitted\. If the condition (second expression) is omitted, it is assumed to be a constant \fB1\fR\.
-.
-.P
-The \fBbreak\fR statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution immediately following a loop\. This is only allowed in loops\.
-.
-.P
-The \fBcontinue\fR statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition\. This is only allowed in loops\.
-.
-.P
-The \fBif\fR \fBelse\fR statement does the same thing as in C\.
-.
-.P
-The \fBquit\fR statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will not be executed (it is a compile\-time command)\.
-.
-.P
-The \fBhalt\fR statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed\. (Unlike \fBquit\fR if it is on a branch of an \fBif\fR statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not quit\.)
-.
-.P
-The \fBlimits\fR statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to\. This is like the \fBquit\fR statement in that it is a compile\-time command\.
-.
-.P
-An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline\. If bc(1) has been built with the extra math option enabled, both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for printing the results of expressions\. Scientific notation is activated by assigning \fB0\fR to \fBobase\fR (in any other context, an \fBobase\fR of \fB0\fR is invalid), and engineering notation is activated by assigning \fB1\fR to \fBobase\fR (which is also invalid in any other context)\. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to \fBobase\fR\.
-.
-.P
-Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is run with either the \fB\-s\fR or \fB\-w\fR command\-line options (or equivalents)\.
-.
-.P
-Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.SS "Print Statement"
-The "expressions" in a \fBprint\fR statement may also be strings\. If they are, there are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially\. What those sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
-.
-.TP
-\fB\ea\fR
-\fB\ea\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB\eb\fR
-\fB\eb\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB\e\e\fR
-\fB\e\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB\ee\fR
-\fB\e\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB\ef\fR
-\fB\ef\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB\en\fR
-\fB\en\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB\eq\fR
-\fB"\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB\er\fR
-\fB\er\fR
-.
-.TP
-\fB\et\fR
-\fB\et\fR
-.
-.P
-Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to be printed as\-is\.
-.
-.P
-Any non\-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to \fBlast\fR, like any other expression that is printed\.
-.
-.SS "Order of Evaluation"
-All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary to maintain order of operations\. This means, for example, that in the expression \fBi = 0; a[i++] = i++\fR, the first (or 0th) element of \fBa\fR is set to \fB1\fR, and \fBi\fR is equal to \fB2\fR at the end of the expression\.
-.
-.P
-This includes function arguments\. Thus, this means that in the expression \fBi = 0; x(i++, i++)\fR, the first argument passed to \fBx()\fR is \fB0\fR, and the second argument is \fB1\fR, while \fBi\fR is equal to \fB2\fR before the function starts executing\.
-.
-.SH "FUNCTIONS"
-Function definitions are as follows:
-.
-.IP "" 4
-.
-.nf
-
-define I(I,\.\.\.,I){
- auto I,\.\.\.,I
- S;\.\.\.;S
- return(E)
-}
-.
-.fi
-.
-.IP "" 0
-.
-.P
-Any \fBI\fR in the parameter list or \fBauto\fR list may be replaced with \fBI[]\fR to make a parameter or \fBauto\fR var an array, and any \fBI\fR in the parameter list may be replaced with \fB*I[]\fR to make a parameter an array reference\. Callers of functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call; they must be called with just \fBI[]\fR like normal array parameters and will be automatically converted into references\.
-.
-.P
-As a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR, the opening brace of a \fBdefine\fR statement may appear on the next line\.
-.
-.P
-The return statement may also be in the following forms:
-.
-.IP "1." 4
-\fBreturn\fR
-.
-.IP "2." 4
-\fBreturn\fR \fB(\fR \fB)\fR
-.
-.IP "3." 4
-\fBreturn\fR \fBE\fR
-.
-.IP "" 0
-.
-.P
-The first two, or not specifying a \fBreturn\fR statement, is equivalent to \fBreturn (0)\fR, unless the function is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.P
- \fI\fR
-.
-.SS "Void Functions"
-Functions can also be void functions, defined as follows:
-.
-.IP "" 4
-.
-.nf
-
-define void I(I,\.\.\.,I){
- auto I,\.\.\.,I
- S;\.\.\.;S
- return
-}
-.
-.fi
-.
-.IP "" 0
-.
-.P
-They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would be printed alone, except in a print statement\.
-.
-.P
-Void functions can only use the first two \fBreturn\fR statements listed above\. They can also omit the return statement entirely\.
-.
-.P
-The word \fBvoid\fR is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have variables, arrays, and functions named \fBvoid\fR\. The word \fBvoid\fR is only treated specially right after the \fBdefine\fR keyword\.
-.
-.P
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.P
- \fI\fR
-.
-.SS "Array References"
-For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
-.
-.IP "" 4
-.
-.nf
-
-*I[]
-.
-.fi
-.
-.IP "" 0
-.
-.P
-it is a \fBreference\fR\. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected, when the function returns, to the array that was passed in\.
-.
-.P
-Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value\.
-.
-.P
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.SH "LIBRARY"
-All of the functions below, including the functions in the \fIextended library\fR if bc(1) has been compiled with the extra math option enabled, are available when the \fB\-l\fR or \fB\-\-mathlib\fR command\-line flags are given\.
-.
-.P
- \fI\fR
-.
-.SS "Standard Library"
-The standard \fIhttps://pubs\.opengroup\.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc\.html\fR defines the following functions for the math library:
-.
-.TP
-\fBs(x)\fR
-Returns the sine of \fBx\fR, which is assumed to be in radians\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBc(x)\fR
-Returns the cosine of \fBx\fR, which is assumed to be in radians\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBa(x)\fR
-Returns the arctangent of \fBx\fR, in radians\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBl(x)\fR
-Returns the natural logarithm of \fBx\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBe(x)\fR
-Returns the mathematical constant \fBe\fR raised to the power of \fBx\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBj(x, n)\fR
-Returns the bessel integer order \fBn\fR (truncated) of \fBx\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.P
- \fI\fR
-.
-.SS "Extended Library"
-In addition to the \fIstandard library\fR, if bc(1) has been built with the extra math option, the following functions are available when either the \fB\-l\fR or \fB\-\-mathlib\fR options are given\.
-.
-.P
-However, the extended library is \fB\fInot\fR\fR loaded when the \fB\-s\fR/\fB\-\-standard\fR or \fB\-w\fR/\fB\-\-warn\fR options are given since they are not part of the library defined by the standard \fIhttps://pubs\.opengroup\.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc\.html\fR\.
-.
-.P
-The extended library is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBp(x, y)\fR
-Calculates \fBx\fR to the power of \fBy\fR, even if \fBy\fR is not an integer, and returns the result to the current \fBscale\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBr(x, p)\fR
-Returns \fBx\fR rounded to \fBp\fR decimal places according to the rounding mode round half away from \fB0\fR \fIhttps://en\.wikipedia\.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBceil(x, p)\fR
-Returns \fBx\fR rounded to \fBp\fR decimal places according to the rounding mode round away from \fB0\fR \fIhttps://en\.wikipedia\.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBf(x)\fR
-Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of \fBx\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBperm(n, k)\fR
-Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of \fBn\fR of the truncated absolute value of \fBk\fR, if \fBk <= n\fR\. If not, it returns \fB0\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBcomb(n, k)\fR
-Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of \fBn\fR of the truncated absolute value of \fBk\fR, if \fBk <= n\fR\. If not, it returns \fB0\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBl2(x)\fR
-Returns the logarithm base \fB2\fR of \fBx\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBl10(x)\fR
-Returns the logarithm base \fB10\fR of \fBx\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBlog(x, b)\fR
-Returns the logarithm base \fBb\fR of \fBx\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBcbrt(x)\fR
-Returns the cube root of \fBx\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBroot(x, n)\fR
-Calculates the truncated value of \fBn\fR, \fBr\fR, and returns the \fBr\fRth root of \fBx\fR to the current \fBscale\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-If \fBr\fR is \fB0\fR or negative, this raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the RESET section)\. It also raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset if \fBr\fR is even and \fBx\fR is negative\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBpi(p)\fR
-Returns \fBpi\fR to \fBp\fR decimal places\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBt(x)\fR
-Returns the tangent of \fBx\fR, which is assumed to be in radians\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBa2(y, x)\fR
-Returns the arctangent of \fBy/x\fR, in radians\. If both \fBy\fR and \fBx\fR are equal to \fB0\fR, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the RESET section)\. Otherwise, if \fBx\fR is greater than \fB0\fR, it returns \fBa(y/x)\fR\. If \fBx\fR is less than \fB0\fR, and \fBy\fR is greater than or equal to \fB0\fR, it returns \fBa(y/x) + pi\fR\. If \fBx\fR is less than \fB0\fR, and \fBy\fR is less than \fB0\fR, it returns \fBa(y/x) \- pi\fR\. If \fBx\fR is equal to \fB0\fR, and \fBy\fR is greater than \fB0\fR, it returns \fBpi/2\fR\. If \fBx\fR is equal to \fB0\fR, and \fBy\fR is less than \fB0\fR, it returns \fB\-pi/2\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This function is the same as the \fBatan2()\fR function in many programming languages\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBsin(x)\fR
-Returns the sine of \fBx\fR, which is assumed to be in radians\.
-.
-.IP
-This is an alias of \fBs(x)\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBcos(x)\fR
-Returns the cosine of \fBx\fR, which is assumed to be in radians\.
-.
-.IP
-This is an alias of \fBc(x)\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBtan(x)\fR
-Returns the tangent of \fBx\fR, which is assumed to be in radians\.
-.
-.IP
-If \fBx\fR is equal to \fB1\fR or \fB\-1\fR, this raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is an alias of \fBt(x)\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBatan(x)\fR
-Returns the arctangent of \fBx\fR, in radians\.
-.
-.IP
-This is an alias of \fBa(x)\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBatan2(y, x)\fR
-Returns the arctangent of \fBy/x\fR, in radians\. If both \fBy\fR and \fBx\fR are equal to \fB0\fR, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the RESET section)\. Otherwise, if \fBx\fR is greater than \fB0\fR, it returns \fBa(y/x)\fR\. If \fBx\fR is less than \fB0\fR, and \fBy\fR is greater than or equal to \fB0\fR, it returns \fBa(y/x) + pi\fR\. If \fBx\fR is less than \fB0\fR, and \fBy\fR is less than \fB0\fR, it returns \fBa(y/x) \- pi\fR\. If \fBx\fR is equal to \fB0\fR, and \fBy\fR is greater than \fB0\fR, it returns \fBpi/2\fR\. If \fBx\fR is equal to \fB0\fR, and \fBy\fR is less than \fB0\fR, it returns \fB\-pi/2\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This function is the same as the \fBatan2()\fR function in many programming languages\.
-.
-.IP
-This is an alias of \fBa2(y, x)\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBr2d(x)\fR
-Converts \fBx\fR from radians to degrees and returns the result\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBd2r(x)\fR
-Converts \fBx\fR from degrees to radians and returns the result\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fItranscendental function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBfrand(p)\fR
-Generates a pseudo\-random number between \fB0\fR (inclusive) and \fB1\fR (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of \fBp\fR\. If \fBp\fR is not \fB0\fR, then calling this function will change the value of \fBseed\fR\. If \fBp\fR is \fB0\fR, then \fB0\fR is returned, and \fBseed\fR is not changed\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBifrand(i, p)\fR
-Generates a pseudo\-random number that is between \fB0\fR (inclusive) and the truncated absolute value of \fBi\fR (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of \fBp\fR\. If the absolute value of \fBi\fR is greater than or equal to \fB2\fR, and \fBp\fR is not \fB0\fR, then calling this function will change the value of \fBseed\fR, otherwise, \fB0\fR is returned and \fBseed\fR is not changed\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBsrand(x)\fR
-Returns \fBx\fR with its sign flipped with probability \fB0\.5\fR\. In other words, it randomizes the sign of \fBx\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBbrand()\fR
-Returns a random boolean value (either \fB0\fR or \fB1\fR)\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBubytes(x)\fR
-Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the truncated absolute value of \fBx\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBsbytes(x)\fR
-Returns the numbers of signed, two\'s\-complement integer bytes required to hold the truncated value of \fBx\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBhex(x)\fR
-Outputs the hexadecimal (base \fB16\fR) representation of \fBx\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBbinary(x)\fR
-Outputs the binary (base \fB2\fR) representation of \fBx\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBoutput(x, b)\fR
-Outputs the base \fBb\fR representation of \fBx\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBuint(x)\fR
-Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \fBx\fR as an unsigned integer in as few power of two bytes as possible\. Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces\.
-.
-.IP
-If \fBx\fR is not an integer or is negative, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBint(x)\fR
-Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \fBx\fR as a signed, two\'s\-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as possible\. Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces\.
-.
-.IP
-If \fBx\fR is not an integer, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBuintn(x, n)\fR
-Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \fBx\fR as an unsigned integer in \fBn\fR bytes\. Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces\.
-.
-.IP
-If \fBx\fR is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into \fBn\fR bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBintn(x, n)\fR
-Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \fBx\fR as a signed, two\'s\-complement integer in \fBn\fR bytes\. Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces\.
-.
-.IP
-If \fBx\fR is not an integer or cannot fit into \fBn\fR bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBuint8(x)\fR
-Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \fBx\fR as an unsigned integer in \fB1\fR byte\. Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces\.
-.
-.IP
-If \fBx\fR is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into \fB1\fR byte, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBint8(x)\fR
-Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \fBx\fR as a signed, two\'s\-complement integer in \fB1\fR byte\. Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces\.
-.
-.IP
-If \fBx\fR is not an integer or cannot fit into \fB1\fR byte, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBuint16(x)\fR
-Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \fBx\fR as an unsigned integer in \fB2\fR bytes\. Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces\.
-.
-.IP
-If \fBx\fR is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into \fB2\fR bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBint16(x)\fR
-Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \fBx\fR as a signed, two\'s\-complement integer in \fB2\fR bytes\. Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces\.
-.
-.IP
-If \fBx\fR is not an integer or cannot fit into \fB2\fR bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBuint32(x)\fR
-Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \fBx\fR as an unsigned integer in \fB4\fR bytes\. Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces\.
-.
-.IP
-If \fBx\fR is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into \fB4\fR bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBint32(x)\fR
-Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \fBx\fR as a signed, two\'s\-complement integer in \fB4\fR bytes\. Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces\.
-.
-.IP
-If \fBx\fR is not an integer or cannot fit into \fB4\fR bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBuint64(x)\fR
-Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \fBx\fR as an unsigned integer in \fB8\fR bytes\. Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces\.
-.
-.IP
-If \fBx\fR is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into \fB8\fR bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBint64(x)\fR
-Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \fBx\fR as a signed, two\'s\-complement integer in \fB8\fR bytes\. Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces\.
-.
-.IP
-If \fBx\fR is not an integer or cannot fit into \fB8\fR bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBhex_uint(x, n)\fR
-Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \fBx\fR as an unsigned integer in hexadecimal using \fBn\fR bytes\. Not all of the value will be output if \fBn\fR is too small\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBbinary_uint(x, n)\fR
-Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \fBx\fR as an unsigned integer in binary using \fBn\fR bytes\. Not all of the value will be output if \fBn\fR is too small\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBoutput_uint(x, n)\fR
-Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \fBx\fR as an unsigned integer in the current \fI\fBobase\fR\fR using \fBn\fR bytes\. Not all of the value will be output if \fBn\fR is too small\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBoutput_byte(x, i)\fR
-Outputs byte \fBi\fR of the truncated absolute value of \fBx\fR, where \fB0\fR is the least significant byte and \fBnumber_of_bytes \- 1\fR is the most significant byte\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fIvoid function\fR\.
-.
-.P
- \fI\fR
-.
-.SS "Transcendental Functions"
-All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1 ULP \fIhttps://en\.wikipedia\.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place\fR)\. This is unavoidable, and this article \fIhttps://people\.eecs\.berkeley\.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF\.TXT\fR explains why it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental functions\.
-.
-.P
-Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions with the precision (\fBscale\fR) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary\. If exact results are \fIabsolutely\fR required, users can double the precision (\fBscale\fR) and then truncate\.
-.
-.P
-The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBs(x)\fR
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBc(x)\fR
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBa(x)\fR
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBl(x)\fR
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBe(x)\fR
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBj(x, n)\fR
-.
-.IP "" 0
-.
-.P
-The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBl2(x)\fR
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBl10(x)\fR
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBlog(x, b)\fR
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBpi(p)\fR
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBt(x)\fR
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBa2(y, x)\fR
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBsin(x)\fR
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBcos(x)\fR
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBtan(x)\fR
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBatan(x)\fR
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBatan2(y, x)\fR
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBr2d(x)\fR
-.
-.IP "\(bu" 4
-\fBd2r(x)\fR
-.
-.IP "" 0
-.
-.SH "RESET"
-When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default handler for, it resets\. This means that several things happen\.
-.
-.P
-First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack\. The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages\. Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all functions returned) is skipped\.
-.
-.P
-Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed\. Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the EXIT STATUS section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code\.
-.
-.P
-Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error\.
-.
-.SH "PERFORMANCE"
-Most bc(1) implementations use \fBchar\fR types to calculate the value of \fB1\fR decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow\. This bc(1) does something different\.
-.
-.P
-It uses large integers to calculate more than \fB1\fR decimal digit at a time\. If built in a environment where \fBBC_LONG_BIT\fR (see the LIMITS section) is \fB64\fR, then each integer has \fB9\fR decimal digits\. If built in an environment where \fBBC_LONG_BIT\fR is \fB32\fR then each integer has \fB4\fR decimal digits\. This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called \fBBC_BASE_DIGS\fR\.
-.
-.P
-In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking\. This integer type depends on the value of \fBBC_LONG_BIT\fR, but is always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits\.
-.
-.SH "LIMITS"
-The following are the limits on bc(1):
-.
-.TP
-\fBBC_LONG_BIT\fR
-The number of bits in the \fBlong\fR type in the environment where bc(1) was built\. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large integer (see the PERFORMANCE section)\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBBC_BASE_DIGS\fR
-The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the PERFORMANCE section)\. Depends on \fBBC_LONG_BIT\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBBC_BASE_POW\fR
-The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see \fBBC_BASE_DIGS\fR) plus \fB1\fR\. Depends on \fBBC_BASE_DIGS\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBBC_OVERFLOW_MAX\fR
-The max number that the overflow type (see the PERFORMANCE section) can hold\. Depends on \fBBC_LONG_BIT\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBBC_BASE_MAX\fR
-The maximum output base\. Set at \fBBC_BASE_POW\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBBC_DIM_MAX\fR
-The maximum size of arrays\. Set at \fBSIZE_MAX\-1\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBBC_SCALE_MAX\fR
-The maximum \fBscale\fR\. Set at \fBBC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBBC_STRING_MAX\fR
-The maximum length of strings\. Set at \fBBC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBBC_NAME_MAX\fR
-The maximum length of identifiers\. Set at \fBBC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBBC_NUM_MAX\fR
-The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits after the decimal point\. Set at \fBBC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBBC_RAND_MAX\fR
-The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the \fBrand()\fR operand, if bc(1) has been built with the extra math option\. Set at \fB2^BC_LONG_BIT\-1\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-Exponent
-The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative)\. Set at \fBBC_OVERFLOW_MAX\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-Number of vars
-The maximum number of vars/arrays\. Set at \fBSIZE_MAX\-1\fR\.
-.
-.P
-Actual values can be queried with the \fBlimits\fR statement\.
-.
-.P
-These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they become a problem\. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit\.
-.
-.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
-bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
-.
-.TP
-\fBPOSIXLY_CORRECT\fR
-If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if the \fB\-s\fR option was given\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBBC_ENV_ARGS\fR
-This is another way to give command\-line arguments to bc(1)\. They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments\. These are always processed first, so any files given in \fBBC_ENV_ARGS\fR will be processed before arguments and files given on the command\-line\. This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every invocation\. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs\.
-.
-.IP
-The code that parses \fBBC_ENV_ARGS\fR will correctly handle quoted arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences\. For example, the string \fB"/home/gavin/some bc file\.bc"\fR will be correctly parsed, but the string \fB"/home/gavin/some \e"bc\e" file\.bc"\fR will include the backslashes\.
-.
-.IP
-The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \fB'\fR or \fB"\fR\. Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \fB"some \'bc\' file\.bc"\fR, and vice versa if you have a file with double quotes\. However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in \fBBC_ENV_ARGS\fR is not supported due to the complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line where the parsing is done by the shell\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBBC_LINE_LENGTH\fR
-If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater than \fB1\fR and is less than \fBUINT16_MAX\fR (\fB2^16\-1\fR), bc(1) will output lines to that length, including the backslash (\fB\e\fR)\. The default line length is \fB70\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBBC_EXPR_EXIT\fR
-If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit immediately after executing expressions and files given by the \fB\-e\fR and/or \fB\-f\fR command\-line options (and any equivalents)\.
-.
-.SH "EXIT STATUS"
-bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
-.
-.TP
-\fB0\fR
-No error\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB1\fR
-A math error occurred\. This follows standard practice of using \fB1\fR for expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution\.
-.
-.IP
-Math errors include divide by \fB0\fR, taking the square root of a negative number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo\-random number generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is required\.
-.
-.IP
-Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power (\fB^\fR), places (\fB@\fR), left shift (\fB<<\fR), and right shift (\fB>>\fR) operators and their corresponding assignment operators\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB2\fR
-A parse error occurred\.
-.
-.IP
-Parse errors include unexpected \fBEOF\fR, using an invalid character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid, giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is not a \fInamed expression\fR, giving an invalid \fBauto\fR list, having a duplicate \fBauto\fR/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code block, attempting to return a value from a \fBvoid\fR function, attempting to use a variable as a reference, and using any extensions when the option \fB\-s\fR or any equivalents were given\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB3\fR
-A runtime error occurred\.
-.
-.IP
-Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \fBibase\fR, \fBobase\fR, or \fBscale\fR; give a bad expression to a \fBread()\fR call, calling \fBread()\fR inside of a \fBread()\fR call, type errors, passing the wrong number of parameters to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and attempting to use a \fBvoid\fR function call as a value in an expression\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB4\fR
-A fatal error occurred\.
-.
-.IP
-Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options\.
-.
-.P
-The exit status \fB4\fR is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits and returns \fB4\fR, no matter what mode bc(1) is in\.
-.
-.P
-The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode (see the INTERACTIVE MODE section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the RESET section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode\. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the \fB\-i\fR flag or \fB\-\-interactive\fR option\.
-.
-.P
-These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the \fB\-i\fR flag or \fB\-\-interactive\fR option\.
-.
-.SH "INTERACTIVE MODE"
-Per the standard \fIhttps://pubs\.opengroup\.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc\.html\fR, bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode\. Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \fBstdin\fR and \fBstdout\fR are hooked to a terminal, but the \fB\-i\fR flag and \fB\-\-interactive\fR option can turn it on in other cases\.
-.
-.P
-In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the RESET section), and in normal execution, flushes \fBstdout\fR as soon as execution is done for the current input\.
-.
-.SH "TTY MODE"
-If \fBstdin\fR, \fBstdout\fR, and \fBstderr\fR are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns on "TTY mode\."
-.
-.P
-TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the COMMAND LINE HISTORY section)\. It is also required to enable special handling for \fBSIGINT\fR signals\.
-.
-.P
-TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required in the bc(1) specification \fIhttps://pubs\.opengroup\.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc\.html\fR, and interactive mode requires only \fBstdin\fR and \fBstdout\fR to be connected to a terminal\.
-.
-.SH "SIGNAL HANDLING"
-Sending a \fBSIGINT\fR will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input\. If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the TTY MODE section), it will reset (see the RESET section)\. Otherwise, it will clean up and exit\.
-.
-.P
-Note that "current input" can mean one of two things\. If bc(1) is processing input from \fBstdin\fR in TTY mode, it will ask for more input\. If bc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from \fBstdin\fR if no other file exists\.
-.
-.P
-This means that if a \fBSIGINT\fR is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately start executing the next file\. This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse\. If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file\. The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to continue\.
-.
-.P
-\fBSIGTERM\fR and \fBSIGQUIT\fR cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the default handler for all other signals\. The one exception is \fBSIGHUP\fR, if bc(1) was built with history support; in that case, when bc(1) is in TTY mode, a \fBSIGHUP\fR will cause bc(1) to clean up and exit\.
-.
-.SH "COMMAND LINE HISTORY"
-bc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing, if compiled with the history option enabled\. If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the TTY MODE section), history is enabled\. Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys\.
-.
-.P
-\fBNote\fR: when bc(1) is built with history support, tabs are converted to 8 spaces\.
-.
-.SH "LOCALES"
-This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales\.
-.
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-dc(1)
-.
-.SH "STANDARDS"
-bc(1) is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003\.1\-2017 (“POSIX\.1\-2017”) \fIhttps://pubs\.opengroup\.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc\.html\fR specification\. The flags \fB\-efghiqsvVw\fR, all long options, and the extensions noted above are extensions to that specification\.
-.
-.P
-Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that use a period (\fB\.\fR) as a radix point, regardless of the value of \fBLC_NUMERIC\fR\.
-.
-.P
-This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales, so it supports \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR\.
-.
-.SH "AUTHOR"
-This bc(1) was made from scratch by Gavin D\. Howard\.
-.
-.SH "BUGS"
-None are known\. Report bugs at https://git\.yzena\.com/gavin/bc\.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc.1
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:eol-style
## -1 +0,0 ##
-native
\ No newline at end of property
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Deleted: svn:mime-type
## -1 +0,0 ##
-text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc.1 (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc.1 (nonexistent)
@@ -1,951 +0,0 @@
-.\" generated with Ronn/v0.7.3
-.\" http://github.com/rtomayko/ronn/tree/0.7.3
-.
-.TH "DC" "1" "June 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
-.
-.SH "NAME"
-\fBdc\fR \- arbitrary\-precision reverse\-Polish notation calculator
-.
-.SH "SYNOPSIS"
-\fBdc\fR [\fB\-hiPvVx\fR] [\fB\-\-version\fR] [\fB\-\-help\fR] [\fB\-\-interactive\fR] [\fB\-\-no\-prompt\fR] [\fB\-\-extended\-register\fR] [\fB\-e\fR \fIexpr\fR] [\fB\-\-expression=\fR\fIexpr\fR\.\.\.] [\fB\-f\fR \fIfile\fR\.\.\.] [\fB\-file=\fR\fIfile\fR\.\.\.] [\fIfile\fR\.\.\.]
-.
-.SH "DESCRIPTION"
-dc(1) is an arbitrary\-precision calculator\. It uses a stack (reverse Polish notation) to store numbers and results of computations\. Arithmetic operations pop arguments off of the stack and push the results\.
-.
-.P
-If no files are given on the command\-line as extra arguments (i\.e\., not as \fB\-f\fR or \fB\-\-file\fR arguments), then dc(1) reads from \fBstdin\fR\. Otherwise, those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit\.
-.
-.P
-This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1) implementations, where \fB\-e\fR (\fB\-\-expression\fR) and \fB\-f\fR (\fB\-\-file\fR) arguments cause dc(1) to execute them and exit\. The reason for this is that this dc(1) allows users to set arguments in the environment variable \fBDC_ENV_ARGS\fR (see the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section)\. Any expressions given on the command\-line should be used to set up a standard environment\. For example, if a user wants the \fBscale\fR always set to \fB10\fR, they can set \fBDC_ENV_ARGS\fR to "\-e 10k", and this dc(1) will always start with a \fBscale\fR of \fB10\fR\.
-.
-.P
-If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from \fB\-e\fR and \fB\-f\fR arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add "\-e q" as the last command\-line argument or define the environment variable \fBDC_EXPR_EXIT\fR\.
-.
-.SH "OPTIONS"
-The following are the options that dc(1) accepts\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
-Prints a usage message and quits\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
-Print the version information (copyright header) and exit\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-interactive\fR
-Forces interactive mode\. (See the INTERACTIVE MODE section\.)
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-no\-prompt\fR
-Disables the prompt in interactive mode\. This is mostly for those users that do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in \fBdc\fR\. Most of those users would want to put this option in \fBDC_ENV_ARGS\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-If the prompt has been disabled while building dc(1), this option is a no\-op\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-x\fR \fB\-\-extended\-register\fR
-Enables extended register mode\. See the REGISTERS section for more information\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-e\fR \fIexpr\fR, \fB\-\-expression\fR=\fIexpr\fR
-Evaluates \fBexpr\fR\. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order\. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are evaluated in the order given\. This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is read in and evaluated first\.
-.
-.IP
-In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute the expressions and then exit\. This dc(1) does not, unless the \fBDC_EXPR_EXIT\fR is defined (see the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-f\fR \fIfile\fR, \fB\-\-file\fR=\fIfile\fR
-Reads in \fBfile\fR and evaluates it\. If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated in the order given\.
-.
-.IP
-In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute the files and then exit\. This dc(1) does not, unless the \fBDC_EXPR_EXIT\fR is defined (see the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.P
-\fBNote\fR: long options are only accepted if dc(1) is built with them enabled\.
-.
-.SH "STDOUT"
-Any non\-error output is written to \fBstdout\fR\.
-.
-.P
-\fBNote\fR: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal error (see the EXIT STATUS section) if it cannot write to \fBstdout\fR, so if \fBstdout\fR is closed, as in \fBdc <file> >&\-\fR, it will quit with an error\. This is done so that dc(1) can report problems when \fBstdout\fR is redirected to a file\.
-.
-.P
-If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect \fBstdout\fR to \fB/dev/null\fR\.
-.
-.SH "STDERR"
-Any error output is written to \fBstderr\fR\.
-.
-.P
-\fBNote\fR: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal error (see the EXIT STATUS section) if it cannot write to \fBstderr\fR, so if \fBstderr\fR is closed, as in \fBdc <file> 2>&\-\fR, it will quit with an error\. This is done so that dc(1) can report problems when \fBstderr\fR is redirected to a file\.
-.
-.P
-If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect \fBstderr\fR to \fB/dev/null\fR\.
-.
-.SH "SYNTAX"
-\fBibase\fR is a register (see the REGISTERS section) determining how to interpret constant numbers\. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers\. \fBibase\fR is initially \fB10\fR\. The max allowable value for \fBibase\fR is \fB16\fR\. The min allowable value for \fBibase\fR is \fB2\fR\. The max allowable value for \fBibase\fR can be queried in dc(1) programs with the \fBT\fR command\.
-.
-.P
-\fBobase\fR is a register (see the REGISTERS section) determining how to output results\. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers\. \fBobase\fR is initially \fB10\fR\. The max allowable value for \fBobase\fR is \fBDC_BASE_MAX\fR\. The min allowable value for \fBobase\fR is \fB2\fR unless dc(1) was built with the extra math option\. If it was, then the min allowable value is \fB0\fR\. In this case, if \fBobase\fR is \fB0\fR, values are output in scientific notation, and if \fBobase\fR is \fB1\fR, values are output in engineering notation\. (Outputting in scientific or engineering notation are \fBnon\-portable extensions\fR\.) The max allowable value for \fBobase\fR can be queried in dc(1) programs with the \fBU\fR command\.
-.
-.P
-The \fBscale\fR of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \fBscale\fR is a register (see the REGISTERS section) that sets the precision of any operations (with exceptions)\. \fBscale\fR is initially \fB0\fR\. \fBscale\fR cannot be negative\. The max allowable value for \fBscale\fR can be queried in dc(1) programs with the \fBV\fR command\.
-.
-.P
-Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the NUMBERS section) or a command (see the COMMANDS section), is processed and executed, in order\. Input is processed immediately when entered\.
-.
-.P
-If dc(1) was built with the extra math option, there is an additional register named \fBseed\fR\. This is the current seed used by the pseudo\-random number generator\. If the current value of \fBseed\fR is queried and stored, then if it is assigned to \fBseed\fR later, the pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that were generated after the value of \fBseed\fR was first queried\.
-.
-.P
-Multiple values assigned to \fBseed\fR can produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers\. Likewise, when a value is assigned to \fBseed\fR, it is not guaranteed that querying \fBseed\fR immediately after will return the same value\. In addition, the value of \fBseed\fR will change after any call to the \fB'\fR or \fB"\fR commands\. The maximum integer returned by the \fB'\fR command can be queried with the \fBW\fR command\.
-.
-.P
-\fBNote\fR: The values returned by the pseudo\-random number generator with the \fB'\fR and \fB"\fR commands are guaranteed to \fBNOT\fR be cryptographically\-secure\. This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo\-random number generator\. However, they \fBare\fR guaranteed to be reproducible with identical \fBseed\fR values\.
-.
-.P
-The pseudo\-random number generator, \fBseed\fR, and all associated operations are \fBnon\-portable extensions\fR\.
-.
-.SS "Comments"
-Comments go from \fB#\fR until, and not including, the next newline\. This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.SH "NUMBERS"
-Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to \fBF\fR, and at most \fB1\fR period for a radix\. Numbers can have up to \fBDC_NUM_MAX\fR digits\. Uppercase letters equal \fB9\fR + their position in the alphabet (i\.e\., \fBA\fR equals \fB10\fR, or \fB9 + 1\fR)\. If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of \fBibase\fR, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in \fBibase\fR\.
-.
-.P
-Single\-character numbers (i\.e\., \fBA\fR) take the value that they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of \fBibase\fR\. This means that \fBA\fR always equals decimal \fB10\fR and \fBF\fR always equals decimal \fB15\fR\.
-.
-.P
-In addition, if dc(1) was built with the extra math option, it accepts numbers in scientific notation\. For dc(1), an example is \fB1\.89237e9\fR, which is equal to \fB1892370000\fR\. Negative exponents are also allowed, so \fB4\.2890e_3\fR is equal to \fB0\.0042890\fR\.
-.
-.P
-\fBWARNING\fR: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are interpreted according to the current \fBibase\fR, but the number is still multiplied by \fB10^exponent\fR regardless of the current \fBibase\fR\. For example, if \fBibase\fR is \fB16\fR and dc(1) is given the number string \fB"FFeA"\fR, the resulting decimal number will be \fB2550000000000\fR, and if dc(1) is given the number string \fB"10e_4"\fR, the resulting decimal number will be \fB0\.0016\fR\.
-.
-.P
-Accepting input as scientific notation is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.SH "COMMANDS"
-The valid commands are listed below\.
-.
-.SS "Printing"
-These commands are used for printing\.
-.
-.P
-Note that if dc(1) has been built with the extra math option enabled, both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for printing numbers\. Scientific notation is activated by assigning \fB0\fR to \fBobase\fR using \fB0o\fR (in any other context, an \fBobase\fR of \fB0\fR is invalid), and engineering notation is activated by assigning \fB1\fR to \fBobase\fR using \fB1o\fR (which is also invalid in any other context)\. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to \fBobase\fR\.
-.
-.P
-Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBp\fR
-Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a newline after\.
-.
-.IP
-This does not alter the stack\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBn\fR
-Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it off of the stack\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBP\fR
-Pops a value off the stack\.
-.
-.IP
-If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the result is printed as though \fBobase\fR is \fBUCHAR_MAX + 1\fR and each digit is interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream\.
-.
-.IP
-If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBf\fR
-Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest, without altering anything\.
-.
-.IP
-Users should use this command when they get lost\.
-.
-.SS "Arithmetic"
-These are the commands used for arithmetic\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB+\fR
-The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed onto the stack\. The \fBscale\fR of the result is equal to the max \fBscale\fR of both operands\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB\-\fR
-The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is pushed onto the stack\. The \fBscale\fR of the result is equal to the max \fBscale\fR of both operands\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB*\fR
-The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is pushed onto the stack\. If \fBa\fR is the \fBscale\fR of the first expression and \fBb\fR is the \fBscale\fR of the second expression, the \fBscale\fR of the result is equal to \fBmin(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\fR where \fBmin\fR and \fBmax\fR return the obvious values\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB/\fR
-The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is pushed onto the stack\. The \fBscale\fR of the result is equal to \fBscale\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB%\fR
-The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is pushed onto the stack\.
-.
-.IP
-Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing \fBa/b\fR to current \fBscale\fR, and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate \fBa\-(a/b)*b\fR to \fBscale\fR \fBmax(scale + scale(b), scale(a))\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB~\fR
-The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack\. This is equivalent to \fBx y / x y %\fR except that \fBx\fR and \fBy\fR are only evaluated once\.
-.
-.IP
-The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB^\fR
-The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack\.
-.
-.IP
-The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBv\fR
-The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack\. The \fBscale\fR of the result is equal to \fBscale\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-The value popped off of the stack must be non\-negative\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB_\fR
-If this command \fIimmediately\fR precedes a number (i\.e\., no spaces or other commands), then that number is input as a negative number\.
-.
-.IP
-Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is negated and pushed onto the stack\. This behavior without a number is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBb\fR
-The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back onto the stack\. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB|\fR
-The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack\.
-.
-.IP
-The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an integer and non\-zero\. The second value popped is used as the exponent and must be an integer and non\-negative\. The third value popped is the base and must be an integer\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB$\fR
-The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is truncated and pushed onto the stack\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB@\fR
-The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the second is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or extension\.
-.
-.IP
-The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non\-negative\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBH\fR
-The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted left (radix shifted right) to the value of the first\.
-.
-.IP
-The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non\-negative\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBh\fR
-The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted right (radix shifted left) to the value of the first\.
-.
-.IP
-The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non\-negative\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBG\fR
-The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a \fB1\fR is pushed if they are equal, or \fB0\fR otherwise\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBN\fR
-The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a \fB0\fR, a \fB1\fR is pushed; otherwise, a \fB0\fR is pushed\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB(\fR
-The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a \fB1\fR is pushed if the first is less than the second, or \fB0\fR otherwise\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB{\fR
-The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a \fB1\fR is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or \fB0\fR otherwise\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB)\fR
-The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a \fB1\fR is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or \fB0\fR otherwise\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB}\fR
-The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a \fB1\fR is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or \fB0\fR otherwise\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBM\fR
-The top two values are popped off of the stack\. If they are both non\-zero, a \fB1\fR is pushed onto the stack\. If either of them is zero, or both of them are, then a \fB0\fR is pushed onto the stack\.
-.
-.IP
-This is like the \fB&&\fR operator in bc(1), and it is not a short\-circuit operator\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBm\fR
-The top two values are popped off of the stack\. If at least one of them is non\-zero, a \fB1\fR is pushed onto the stack\. If both of them are zero, then a \fB0\fR is pushed onto the stack\.
-.
-.IP
-This is like the \fB||\fR operator in bc(1), and it is not a short\-circuit operator\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.SS "Pseudo\-Random Number Generator"
-If dc(1) was built with the extra math option, it has a built\-in pseudo\-random number generator\. These commands query the pseudo\-random number generator\. (See Parameters for more information about the \fBseed\fR value that controls the pseudo\-random number generator\.)
-.
-.P
-The pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to \fBNOT\fR be cryptographically\-secure\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB'\fR
-Generates an integer between 0 and \fBDC_RAND_MAX\fR, inclusive (see the LIMITS section)\.
-.
-.IP
-The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator\.
-.
-.IP
-This command is only available if dc(1) was built with the extra math option\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB"\fR
-Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an \fBexclusive\fR upper bound on the integer that will be generated\. If the bound is negative or is a non\-integer, an error is raised, and dc(1) resets (see the RESET section)\. If the bound is larger than \fBDC_RAND_MAX\fR, the higher bound is honored by generating several pseudo\-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of \fBDC_RAND_MAX + 1\fR, and adding them together\. Thus, the size of integer that can be generated with this command is unbounded\. Using this command will change the value of \fBseed\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-If the operand is \fB0\fR or \fB1\fR, then the result pushed onto the stack is \fB0\fR, and \fBseed\fR is not changed\.
-.
-.IP
-The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator\.
-.
-.IP
-This command is only available if dc(1) was built with the extra math option\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.SS "Stack Control"
-These commands control the stack\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBc\fR
-Removes all items from ("clears") the stack\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBd\fR
-Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto the stack\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBr\fR
-Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBR\fR
-Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack\.
-.
-.SS "Register Control"
-These commands control registers (see the REGISTERS section)\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBs\fR\fIr\fR
-Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register \fBr\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBl\fR\fIr\fR
-Copies the value in register \fBr\fR and pushes it onto the stack\. This does not alter the contents of \fBr\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBS\fR\fIr\fR
-Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack of register \fBr\fR\. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBL\fR\fIr\fR
-Pops the value off the top of the stack for register \fBr\fR and push it onto the main stack\. The previous value in the stack for register \fBr\fR, if any, is now accessible via the \fBl\fR\fIr\fR command\.
-.
-.SS "Parameters"
-These commands control the values of \fBibase\fR, \fBobase\fR, \fBscale\fR, and \fBseed\fR (if dc(1) was built with the extra math option)\. Also see the SYNTAX section\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBi\fR
-Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set \fBibase\fR, which must be between \fB2\fR and \fB16\fR, inclusive\.
-.
-.IP
-If the value on top of the stack has any \fBscale\fR, the \fBscale\fR is ignored\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBo\fR
-Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set \fBobase\fR, which must be between \fB2\fR and \fBDC_BASE_MAX\fR, inclusive (see bc(1))\. The value can be either \fB0\fR or \fB1\fR if dc(1) was built with the extra math option\.
-.
-.IP
-If the value on top of the stack has any \fBscale\fR, the \fBscale\fR is ignored\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBk\fR
-Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set \fBscale\fR, which must be non\-negative\.
-.
-.IP
-If the value on top of the stack has any \fBscale\fR, the \fBscale\fR is ignored\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBj\fR
-Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set \fBseed\fR\. The meaning of \fBseed\fR is dependent on the current pseudo\-random number generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions\.
-.
-.IP
-The \fBscale\fR of the value may be significant\.
-.
-.IP
-If a previously used \fBseed\fR value is used again, the pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers as it did when the \fBseed\fR value was previously used\.
-.
-.IP
-The exact value assigned to \fBseed\fR is not guaranteed to be returned if the \fBJ\fR command is used\. However, if \fBseed\fR \fIdoes\fR return a different value, both values, when assigned to \fBseed\fR, are guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers\. This means that certain values assigned to \fBseed\fR will not produce unique sequences of pseudo\-random numbers\.
-.
-.IP
-There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or \fIscale\fR of the value that can be assigned to \fBseed\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-This command is only available if dc(1) was built with the extra math option\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBI\fR
-Pushes the current value of \fBibase\fR onto the main stack\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBO\fR
-Pushes the current value of \fBobase\fR onto the main stack\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBK\fR
-Pushes the current value of \fBscale\fR onto the main stack\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBJ\fR
-Pushes the current value of \fBseed\fR onto the main stack\.
-.
-.IP
-This command is only available if dc(1) was built with the extra math option\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBT\fR
-Pushes the maximum allowable value of \fBibase\fR onto the main stack\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBU\fR
-Pushes the maximum allowable value of \fBobase\fR onto the main stack\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBV\fR
-Pushes the maximum allowable value of \fBscale\fR onto the main stack\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBW\fR
-Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the \fB'\fR pseudo\-random number generator command\.
-.
-.IP
-This command is only available if dc(1) was built with the extra math option\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.SS "Strings"
-The following commands control strings\.
-.
-.P
-dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the REGISTERS section) can hold both strings and numbers\. dc(1) always knows whether the contents of a register are a string or a number\.
-.
-.P
-While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if given a string, other commands accept strings\.
-.
-.P
-Strings can also be executed as macros\. For example, if the string \fB[1pR]\fR is executed as a macro, then the code \fB1pR\fR is executed, meaning that the \fB1\fR will be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB[\fR\fIcharacters\fR\fB]\fR
-Makes a string containing \fIcharacters\fR and pushes it onto the stack\.
-.
-.IP
-If there are brackets (\fB[\fR and \fB]\fR) in the string, then they must be balanced\. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (\fB\e\fR) character\.
-.
-.IP
-If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first) backslash is not\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBa\fR
-The value on top of the stack is popped\.
-.
-.IP
-If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken\. The result mod \fBUCHAR_MAX + 1\fR is calculated\. If that result is \fB0\fR, push an empty string; otherwise, push a one\-character string where the character is the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character\.
-.
-.IP
-If it is a string, then a new string is made\. If the original string is empty, the new string is empty\. If it is not, then the first character of the original string is used to create the new string as a one\-character string\. The new string is then pushed onto the stack\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBx\fR
-Pops a value off of the top of the stack\.
-.
-.IP
-If it is a number, it is pushed onto the stack\.
-.
-.IP
-If it is a string, it is executed as a macro\.
-.
-.IP
-This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this command or by the conditional execution commands below\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB>\fR\fIr\fR
-Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them\. If the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register \fBr\fR are executed\.
-.
-.IP
-For example, \fB0 1>a\fR will execute the contents of register \fBa\fR, and \fB1 0>a\fR will not\.
-.
-.IP
-If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error and reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB>\fR\fIr\fR\fBe\fR\fIs\fR
-Like the above, but will execute register \fBs\fR if the comparison fails\.
-.
-.IP
-If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error and reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB!>\fR\fIr\fR
-Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them\. If the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then the contents of register \fBr\fR are executed\.
-.
-.IP
-If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error and reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB!>\fR\fIr\fR\fBe\fR\fIs\fR
-Like the above, but will execute register \fBs\fR if the comparison fails\.
-.
-.IP
-If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error and reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB<\fR\fIr\fR
-Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them\. If the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register \fBr\fR are executed\.
-.
-.IP
-If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error and reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB<\fR\fIr\fR\fBe\fR\fIs\fR
-Like the above, but will execute register \fBs\fR if the comparison fails\.
-.
-.IP
-If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error and reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB!<\fR\fIr\fR
-Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them\. If the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then the contents of register \fBr\fR are executed\.
-.
-.IP
-If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error and reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB!<\fR\fIr\fR\fBe\fR\fIs\fR
-Like the above, but will execute register \fBs\fR if the comparison fails\.
-.
-.IP
-If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error and reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB=\fR\fIr\fR
-Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them\. If the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register \fBr\fR are executed\.
-.
-.IP
-If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error and reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB=\fR\fIr\fR\fBe\fR\fIs\fR
-Like the above, but will execute register \fBs\fR if the comparison fails\.
-.
-.IP
-If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error and reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB!=\fR\fIr\fR
-Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them\. If the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register \fBr\fR are executed\.
-.
-.IP
-If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error and reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB!=\fR\fIr\fR\fBe\fR\fIs\fR
-Like the above, but will execute register \fBs\fR if the comparison fails\.
-.
-.IP
-If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error and reset (see the RESET section)\.
-.
-.IP
-This is a \fBnon\-portable extension\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB?\fR
-Reads a line from the \fBstdin\fR and executes it\. This is to allow macros to request input from users\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBq\fR
-During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the execution of the macro that executed it\. If there are no macros, or only one macro executing, dc(1) exits\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBQ\fR
-Pops a value from the stack which must be non\-negative and is used the number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack\. If the number of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1) exits\.
-.
-.SS "Status"
-These commands query status of the stack or its top value\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBZ\fR
-Pops a value off of the stack\.
-.
-.IP
-If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it has and pushes the result\.
-.
-.IP
-If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBX\fR
-Pops a value off of the stack\.
-.
-.IP
-If it is a number, pushes the \fBscale\fR of the value onto the stack\.
-.
-.IP
-If it is a string, pushes \fB0\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBz\fR
-Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command)\.
-.
-.SS "Arrays"
-These commands manipulate arrays\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB:\fR\fIr\fR
-Pops the top two values off of the stack\. The second value will be stored in the array \fBr\fR (see the REGISTERS section), indexed by the first value\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB;\fR\fIr\fR
-Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array \fBr\fR\. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack\.
-.
-.SH "REGISTERS"
-Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays\. (Number/string registers do not interfere with array registers\.)
-.
-.P
-Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of the stack for the register\. All registers, when first referenced, have one value (\fB0\fR) in their stack\.
-.
-.P
-In non\-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that follows any command that needs a register name\. The only exception is a newline (\fB\'\en\'\fR); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name\.
-.
-.SS "Extended Register Mode"
-Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled\.
-.
-.P
-If extended register mode is enabled (\fB\-x\fR or \fB\-\-extended\-register\fR command\-line arguments are given), then normal single character registers are used \fB\fIunless\fR\fR the character immediately following a command that needs a register name is a space (according to \fBisspace()\fR) and not a newline (\fB\'\en\'\fR)\.
-.
-.P
-In that case, the register name is found according to the regex \fB[a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\fR (like bc(1)), and it is a parse error if the next non\-space characters do not match that regex\.
-.
-.SH "RESET"
-When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default handler for, it resets\. This means that several things happen\.
-.
-.P
-First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack\. The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages\. Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all functions returned) is skipped\.
-.
-.P
-Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed\. Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the EXIT STATUS section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code\.
-.
-.SH "PERFORMANCE"
-Most dc(1) implementations use \fBchar\fR types to calculate the value of \fB1\fR decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow\. This dc(1) does something different\.
-.
-.P
-It uses large integers to calculate more than \fB1\fR decimal digit at a time\. If built in a environment where \fBDC_LONG_BIT\fR (see the LIMITS section) is \fB64\fR, then each integer has \fB9\fR decimal digits\. If built in an environment where \fBDC_LONG_BIT\fR is \fB32\fR then each integer has \fB4\fR decimal digits\. This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called \fBDC_BASE_DIGS\fR\.
-.
-.P
-In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking\. This integer type depends on the value of \fBDC_LONG_BIT\fR, but is always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits\.
-.
-.SH "LIMITS"
-The following are the limits on dc(1):
-.
-.TP
-\fBDC_LONG_BIT\fR
-The number of bits in the \fBlong\fR type in the environment where dc(1) was built\. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large integer (see the PERFORMANCE section)\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBDC_BASE_DIGS\fR
-The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the PERFORMANCE section)\. Depends on \fBDC_LONG_BIT\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBDC_BASE_POW\fR
-The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see \fBDC_BASE_DIGS\fR) plus \fB1\fR\. Depends on \fBDC_BASE_DIGS\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBDC_OVERFLOW_MAX\fR
-The max number that the overflow type (see the PERFORMANCE section) can hold\. Depends on \fBDC_LONG_BIT\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBDC_BASE_DIGS\fR
-The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the PERFORMANCE section)\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBDC_BASE_MAX\fR
-The maximum output base\. Set at \fBDC_BASE_POW\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBDC_DIM_MAX\fR
-The maximum size of arrays\. Set at \fBSIZE_MAX\-1\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBDC_SCALE_MAX\fR
-The maximum \fBscale\fR\. Set at \fBDC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBDC_STRING_MAX\fR
-The maximum length of strings\. Set at \fBDC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBDC_NAME_MAX\fR
-The maximum length of identifiers\. Set at \fBDC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBDC_NUM_MAX\fR
-The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits after the decimal point\. Set at \fBDC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBDC_RAND_MAX\fR
-The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the \fB'\fR command, if dc(1) has been built with the extra math option\. Set at \fB2^DC_LONG_BIT\-1\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-Exponent
-The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative)\. Set at \fBDC_OVERFLOW_MAX\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-Number of vars
-The maximum number of vars/arrays\. Set at \fBSIZE_MAX\-1\fR\.
-.
-.P
-These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they become a problem\. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit\.
-.
-.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
-dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
-.
-.TP
-\fBDC_ENV_ARGS\fR
-This is another way to give command\-line arguments to dc(1)\. They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments\. These are always processed first, so any files given in \fBDC_ENV_ARGS\fR will be processed before arguments and files given on the command\-line\. This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every invocation\. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs\. Another use would be to use the \fB\-e\fR option to set \fBscale\fR to a value other than \fB0\fR\.
-.
-.IP
-The code that parses \fBDC_ENV_ARGS\fR will correctly handle quoted arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences\. For example, the string \fB"/home/gavin/some dc file\.dc"\fR will be correctly parsed, but the string \fB"/home/gavin/some \e"dc\e" file\.dc"\fR will include the backslashes\.
-.
-.IP
-The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \fB'\fR or \fB"\fR\. Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \fB"some \'bc\' file\.bc"\fR, and vice versa if you have a file with double quotes\. However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in \fBDC_ENV_ARGS\fR is not supported due to the complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line where the parsing is done by the shell\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBDC_LINE_LENGTH\fR
-If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater than \fB1\fR and is less than \fBUINT16_MAX\fR (\fB2^16\-1\fR), dc(1) will output lines to that length, including the backslash newline combo\. The default line length is \fB70\fR\.
-.
-.TP
-\fBDC_EXPR_EXIT\fR
-If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit immediately after executing expressions and files given by the \fB\-e\fR and/or \fB\-f\fR command\-line options (and any equivalents)\.
-.
-.SH "EXIT STATUS"
-dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
-.
-.TP
-\fB0\fR
-No error\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB1\fR
-A math error occurred\. This follows standard practice of using \fB1\fR for expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution\.
-.
-.IP
-Math errors include divide by \fB0\fR, taking the square root of a negative number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo\-random number generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is required\.
-.
-.IP
-Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power (\fB^\fR), places (\fB@\fR), left shift (\fBH\fR), and right shift (\fBh\fR) operators\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB2\fR
-A parse error occurred\.
-.
-.IP
-Parse errors include unexpected \fBEOF\fR, using an invalid character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is invalid\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB3\fR
-A runtime error occurred\.
-.
-.IP
-Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \fBibase\fR, \fBobase\fR, or \fBscale\fR; give a bad expression to a \fBread()\fR call, calling \fBread()\fR inside of a \fBread()\fR call, type errors, and attempting an operation when the stack has too few elements\.
-.
-.TP
-\fB4\fR
-A fatal error occurred\.
-.
-.IP
-Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options\.
-.
-.P
-The exit status \fB4\fR is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits and returns \fB4\fR, no matter what mode dc(1) is in\.
-.
-.P
-The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode (see the INTERACTIVE MODE section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the RESET section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode\. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the \fB\-i\fR flag or \fB\-\-interactive\fR option\.
-.
-.P
-These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the \fB\-i\fR flag or \fB\-\-interactive\fR option\.
-.
-.SH "INTERACTIVE MODE"
-Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode\. Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \fBstdin\fR and \fBstdout\fR are hooked to a terminal, but the \fB\-i\fR flag and \fB\-\-interactive\fR option can turn it on in other cases\.
-.
-.P
-In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the RESET section), and in normal execution, flushes \fBstdout\fR as soon as execution is done for the current input\.
-.
-.SH "TTY MODE"
-If \fBstdin\fR, \fBstdout\fR, and \fBstderr\fR are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns on "TTY mode\."
-.
-.P
-TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the COMMAND LINE HISTORY section)\. It is also required to enable special handling for \fBSIGINT\fR signals\.
-.
-.P
-TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required in the bc(1) specification \fIhttps://pubs\.opengroup\.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc\.html\fR, and interactive mode requires only \fBstdin\fR and \fBstdout\fR to be connected to a terminal\.
-.
-.SH "SIGNAL HANDLING"
-Sending a \fBSIGINT\fR will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input\. If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the TTY MODE section), it will reset (see the RESET section)\. Otherwise, it will clean up and exit\.
-.
-.P
-Note that "current input" can mean one of two things\. If dc(1) is processing input from \fBstdin\fR in TTY mode, it will ask for more input\. If dc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from \fBstdin\fR if no other file exists\.
-.
-.P
-This means that if a \fBSIGINT\fR is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately start executing the next file\. This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse\. If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file\. The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to continue\.
-.
-.P
-\fBSIGTERM\fR and \fBSIGQUIT\fR cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the default handler for all other signals\. The one exception is \fBSIGHUP\fR, if dc(1) was built with history support; in that case, when dc(1) is in TTY mode, a \fBSIGHUP\fR will cause dc(1) to clean up and exit\.
-.
-.SH "COMMAND LINE HISTORY"
-dc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing, if compiled with the history option enabled\. If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the TTY MODE section), history is enabled\. Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys\.
-.
-.P
-\fBNote\fR: when dc(1) is built with history support, tabs are converted to 8 spaces\.
-.
-.SH "LOCALES"
-This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales\.
-.
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-bc(1)
-.
-.SH "STANDARDS"
-The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1) IEEE Std 1003\.1\-2017 (“POSIX\.1\-2017”) \fIhttps://pubs\.opengroup\.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc\.html\fR specification\.
-.
-.SH "AUTHOR"
-This dc(1) was made from scratch by Gavin D\. Howard\.
-.
-.SH "BUGS"
-None are known\. Report bugs at https://git\.yzena\.com/gavin/bc\.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc.1
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:eol-style
## -1 +0,0 ##
-native
\ No newline at end of property
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Deleted: svn:mime-type
## -1 +0,0 ##
-text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc.1.ronn
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc.1.ronn (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc.1.ronn (nonexistent)
@@ -1,1556 +0,0 @@
-bc(1) -- arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
-===============================================================
-
-SYNOPSIS
---------
-
-`bc` [`-ghilPqsvVw`] [`--global-stacks`] [`--help`] [`--interactive`]
-[`--mathlib`] [`--no-prompt`] [`--quiet`] [`--standard`] [`--warn`]
-[`--version`] [`-e` *expr*] [`--expression=`*expr*...] [`-f` *file*...]
-[`-file=`*file*...] [*file*...]
-
-DESCRIPTION
------------
-
-bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by
-POSIX. (The current standard is [here][1].) The language provides unlimited
-precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences.
-Such differences will be noted in this document.
-
-After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the
-command line and executes them before reading from `stdin`.
-
-With all build options, except for extra math, enabled this bc(1) is a drop-in
-replacement for ***any*** bc(1), including (and especially) the GNU bc(1). It is
-also a drop-in replacement for any bc(1) if extra math is enabled, but it will
-have extra features not found in other bc(1) implementations.
-
-OPTIONS
--------
-
-The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
-
- * `-g`, `--global-stacks`:
- Turns the globals `ibase`, `obase`, and `scale` into stacks. This includes
- `seed` if bc(1) was built with the extra math option.
-
- This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all three are pushed
- onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function
- returns. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those
- globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
- Thus, `output(x,b)` (in the [extended library](#extended-library)) could
- have been written like this:
-
- `define void output(x, b) { obase=b; x }`
-
- instead of like this:
-
- `define void output(x, b) { auto c; c=obase; obase=b; x; obase=c }`
-
- This makes writing functions much easier.
-
- However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set `ibase`,
- `obase`, or `scale` globally, functions that are made to do so cannot work
- anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a solution.
-
- First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
- converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
- aliases. Examples:
-
- `alias d2o="bc -e ibase=A -e obase=8"; alias h2b="bc -e ibase=G -e obase=2"`
-
- Second, if the purpose of a function is to set `ibase`, `obase`, or `scale`
- globally for any other purpose, it could be split into one to three
- functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of those functions
- could return the desired value for a global.
-
- For functions that set `seed`, the value assigned to `seed` is not
- propagated to parent functions. This means that the sequence of
- pseudo-random numbers that they see will not be the same sequence of
- pseudo-random numbers that any parent sees. This is only the case once
- `seed` has been set.
-
- If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo-random numbers
- of its parents, but wants to use the same `seed`, it can use the following
- line:
-
- `seed = seed`
-
- If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users
- could make sure to define `BC_ENV_ARGS` and include this option (see the
- ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section for more details).
-
- If `-s`, `-w`, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `-h`, `--help`:
- Prints a usage message and quits.
-
- * `-i`, `--interactive`:
- Forces interactive mode. (See the INTERACTIVE MODE section.)
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `-l`, `--mathlib`:
- Sets `scale` (see the Scale section) to `20` and loads the included math
- library before running any code, including any expressions or files
- specified on the command line.
-
- To learn what is in the library, see the LIBRARY section.
-
- * `-P`, `--no-prompt`:
- Disables the prompt in interactive mode. This is mostly for those users that
- do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in `bc`. Most of those
- users would want to put this option in `BC_ENV_ARGS`.
-
- If the prompt has been disabled while building bc(1), this option is a
- no-op.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `-q`, `--quiet`:
- Do not print copyright header. bc(1) will also suppress the header in
- non-interactive mode.
-
- This is mostly for compatibility with the [GNU bc(1)][2].
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `-s`, `--standard`:
- Process exactly the language defined by the [standard][1] and error if any
- extensions are used.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `-v`, `-V`, `--version`:
- Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `-w`, `--warn`:
- Like `-s` and `--standard`, except that warnings (and not errors) are given
- for non-standard extensions.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `-e` *expr*, `--expression`=*expr*:
- Evaluates `expr`. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
- order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
- evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
- expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
-
- In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
- the expressions and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
- `BC_EXPR_EXIT` is defined (see the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section).
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `-f` *file*, `--file`=*file*:
- Reads in `file` and evaluates it. If expressions are also given (see above),
- the expressions are evaluated in the order given.
-
- In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
- the files and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
- `BC_EXPR_EXIT` is defined (see the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section).
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
-**Note**: long options are only accepted if bc(1) is built with them enabled.
-
-STDOUT
-------
-
-Any non-error output is written to `stdout`.
-
-**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
-error (see the EXIT STATUS section) if it cannot write to `stdout`, so if
-`stdout` is closed, as in `bc <file> >&-`, it will quit with an error. This is
-done so that bc(1) can report problems when `stdout` is redirected to a file.
-
-If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
-it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect `stdout` to
-`/dev/null`.
-
-STDERR
-------
-
-Any error output is written to `stderr`.
-
-**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
-error (see the EXIT STATUS section) if it cannot write to `stderr`, so if
-`stderr` is closed, as in `bc <file> 2>&-`, it will quit with an error. This is
-done so that bc(1) can report problems when `stderr` is redirected to a file.
-
-If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
-it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect `stderr` to
-`/dev/null`.
-
-SYNTAX
-------
-
-The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. This
-bc(1) follows the [POSIX standard][1], which is a much more thorough resource
-for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a
-listing of all the extensions to the [standard][1].
-
-In the sections below, `E` means expression, `S` means statement, and `I` means
-identifier.
-
-Identifiers (`I`) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any
-number (up to `BC_NAME_MAX-1`) of lowercase letters (`a-z`), digits (`0-9`), and
-underscores (`_`). The regex is `[a-z][a-z0-9_]*` Identifiers with more than one
-character (letter) are a **non-portable extension**.
-
-`ibase` is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers. It
-is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers.
-`ibase` is initially `10`. If the `-s` (`--standard`) and `-w` (`--warn`) flags
-were not given on the command line, the max allowable value for `ibase` is `36`.
-Otherwise, it is `16`. The min allowable value for `ibase` is `2`. The max
-allowable value for `ibase` can be queried in bc(1) programs with the
-`maxibase()` built in function.
-
-`obase` is a global variable determining how to output results. It is the
-"output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers. `obase` is
-initially `10`. The max allowable value for `obase` is `BC_BASE_MAX`. The min
-allowable value for `obase` is `2`, unless bc(1) was built with the extra math
-option. If it was, then the min allowable value is `0`. In this case, if `obase`
-is `0`, values are output in scientific notation, and if `obase` is `1`, values
-are output in engineering notation. (Outputting in scientific or engineering
-notation are **non-portable extensions**.) The max allowable value for `obase`
-can be queried in bc(1) programs with the `maxobase()` built in function.
-
-The **scale** of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
-expression right of the decimal point, and `scale` is a global variable that
-sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions. `scale` is initially `0`.
-`scale` cannot be negative. The max allowable value for `scale` can be queried
-in bc(1) programs with the `maxscale()` built in function.
-
-bc(1) has both **global** variables and **local** variables. All **local**
-variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in
-the `auto` list of a function (see FUNCTIONS). If a variable is accessed which
-is not a parameter or in the `auto` list, it is assumed to be **global**. If a
-parent function has a **local** variable version of a **global** variable that
-is accessed by a function that it calls, the value of that **global** variable
-in the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not
-the value of the actual **global** variable.
-
-All of the above applies to arrays as well.
-
-The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the
-[Named Expressions](#bc-named-expressions) or [Operands](#bc-operands)) is
-printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an
-[`assignment`](#bc-assignment) operator ***and*** the expression is not
-surrounded by parentheses.
-
-The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable `last`. A
-single dot (`.`) may also be used as a synonym for `last`. These are
-**non-portable extensions**.
-
-Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
-
-### Comments
-
-There are two kinds of comments:
-
-1. Block comments are enclosed in `/*` and `*/`.
-2. Line comments go from `#` until, and not including, the next newline. This
- is a **non-portable extension**.
-
-<a name="bc-named-expressions"/>
-
-### Named Expressions
-
-The following are named expressions in bc(1):
-
-1. Variables: `I`
-2. Array Elements: `I[E]`
-3. `ibase`
-4. `obase`
-5. `scale`
-6. `last` or a single dot (`.`)
-
-Number 6 is a **non-portable extension**.
-
-If bc(1) was built with the extra math option, the following is also a named
-expression:
-
-1. `seed`
-
-The meaning of `seed` is dependent on the current pseudo-random number generator
-but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
-
-The **scale** of the value may be significant.
-
-If a previously used `seed` value is assigned to `seed` and used again, the
-pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of
-pseudo-random numbers as it did when the `seed` value was previously used.
-
-The exact value assigned to `seed` is not guaranteed to be returned if `seed` is
-queried again immediately. However, if `seed` *does* return a different value,
-both values, when assigned to `seed`, are guaranteed to produce the same
-sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain values assigned to
-`seed` will not produce unique sequences of pseudo-random numbers. The value of
-`seed` will change after any use of the `rand()` and `irand(E)` operands, except
-if the parameter passed to `irand(E)` is `0` or `1`.
-
-There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
-*scale* of the value that can be assigned to `seed`.
-
-This command is only available if bc(1) was built with the extra math option.
-
-This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
-Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as
-variables. This also applies to functions (see the FUNCTIONS section), so a user
-can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and they
-will not shadow each other.
-
-Named expressions are required as the operand of
-[`increment`/`decrement` operators](#bc-increment-decrement) and as the left
-side of [`assignment` operators](#bc-assignment).
-
-<a name="bc-operands"/>
-
-### Operands
-
-The following are valid operands in bc(1):
-
-1. Numbers (see [Numbers](#bc-numbers) below).
-2. Array indices (`I[E]`).
-3. `(E)`: The value of `E` (used to change precedence).
-4. `sqrt(E)`: The square root of `E`. `E` must be non-negative.
-5. `length(E)`: The number of significant decimal digits in `E`.
-6. `length(I[])`: The number of elements in the array `I`. This is a
- **non-portable extension**.
-7. `scale(E)`: The **scale** of `E`.
-8. `abs(E)`: The absolute value of `E`. This is a **non-portable extension**.
-9. `I()`, `I(E)`, `I(E, E)`, and so on, where `I` is an identifier for a
- non-[void function](#void-functions). The `E` parameters may also be arrays,
- which will automatically be turned into [array
- references](#array-references) if the corresponding parameter is an array
- reference.
-10. `read()`: Reads a line from `stdin` and uses that as an expression. The
- result of that expression is the result of the `read()` operand. This is a
- **non-portable extension**.
-11. `maxibase()`: The max allowable `ibase`. This is a **non-portable
- extension**.
-12. `maxobase()`: The max allowable `obase`. This is a **non-portable
- extension**.
-13. `maxscale()`: The max allowable `scale`. This is a **non-portable
- extension**.
-
-If bc(1) was built with the extra math option, the following are also valid
-operands:
-
-1. `rand()`: A pseudo-random integer between `0` (inclusive) and `BC_RAND_MAX`
- (inclusive). Using this operand will change the value of `seed`. This is a
- **non-portable extension**.
-2. `irand(E)`: A pseudo-random integer between `0` (inclusive) and the
- value of `E` (exclusive). If `E` is negative or is a non-integer (**scale**
- is not `0`), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets (see the RESET section).
- If `E` is larger than `BC_RAND_MAX`, the higher bound is honored by
- generating several pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate
- powers of `BC_RAND_MAX + 1`, and adding them together. Thus, the size of
- integer that can be generated with this operand is unbounded. Using this
- operand will change the value of `seed`. If `E` is `0` or `1`, then `0` is
- returned, and `seed` is not changed. This is a **non-portable extension**.
-3. `maxrand()`: The max integer returned by `rand()`. This is a **non-portable
- extension**.
-
-The integers generated by `rand()` and `irand(E)` are guaranteed to be as
-unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of the pseudo-random number
-generator.
-
-**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with
-`rand()` and `irand(E)` are guaranteed to **NOT** be cryptographically-secure.
-This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
-they **are** guaranteed to be reproducible with identical `seed` values.
-
-<a name="bc-numbers"/>
-
-### Numbers
-
-Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most `1` period
-for a radix. Numbers can have up to `BC_NUM_MAX` digits. Uppercase letters
-equal `9` + their position in the alphabet (i.e., `A` equals `10`, or `9 + 1`).
-If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of `ibase`, they are
-set to the value of the highest valid digit in `ibase`.
-
-Single-character numbers (i.e., `A`) take the value that they would have if they
-were valid digits, regardless of the value of `ibase`. This means that `A`
-always equals decimal `10` and `Z` always equals decimal `35`.
-
-In addition, if bc(1) was built with the extra math option, it accepts numbers
-in scientific notation. For bc(1), an example is `1.89237e9`, which is equal to
-`1892370000`. Negative exponents are also allowed, so `4.2890e-3` is equal to
-`0.0042890`.
-
-Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the `-s` or `-w`,
-respectively, command-line options (or equivalents) are given.
-
-**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
-interpreted according to the current `ibase`, but the number is still multiplied
-by `10^exponent` regardless of the current `ibase`. For example, if `ibase` is
-`16` and bc(1) is given the number string `"FFeA"`, the resulting decimal number
-will be `2550000000000`, and if bc(1) is given the number string `"10e-4"`, the
-resulting decimal number will be `0.0016`.
-
-Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
-
-### Operators
-
-The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used. They are listed in
-order of decreasing precedence. Operators in the same group have the same
-precedence.
-
- * `++` `--`:
- Type: Prefix and Postfix
-
- Associativity: None
-
- Description: `increment`, `decrement`
-
- * `-` `!`:
- Type: Prefix
-
- Associativity: None
-
- Description: `negation`, `boolean not`
-
- * `$`:
- Type: Postfix
-
- Associativity: None
-
- Description: `truncation`
-
- * `@`:
- Type: Binary
-
- Associativity: Right
-
- Description: `set precision`
-
- * `^`:
- Type: Binary
-
- Associativity: Right
-
- Description: `power`
-
- * `*` `/` `%`:
- Type: Binary
-
- Associativity: Left
-
- Description: `multiply`, `divide`, `modulus`
-
- * `+` `-`:
- Type: Binary
-
- Associativity: Left
-
- Description: `add`, `subtract`
-
- * `<<` `>>`:
- Type: Binary
-
- Associativity: Left
-
- Description: `shift left`, `shift right`
-
- * `=` `<<=` `>>=` `+=` `-=` `*=` `/=` `%=` `^=` `@=`:
- Type: Binary
-
- Associativity: Right
-
- Description: `assignment`
-
- * `==` `<=` `>=` `!=` `<` `>`:
- Type: Binary
-
- Associativity: Left
-
- Description: `relational`
-
- * `&&`:
- Type: Binary
-
- Associativity: Left
-
- Description: `boolean and`
-
- * `||`:
- Type: Binary
-
- Associativity: Left
-
- Description: `boolean or`
-
-The operators will be described in more detail below.
-
-<a name="bc-increment-decrement"/>
-
- * `++` `--`:
- The prefix and postfix `increment` and `decrement` operators behave exactly
- like they would in C. They require a [named expression](#named-expressions)
- as an operand.
-
- The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where
- possible.
-
- * `-`:
- The `negation` operator returns `0` if a user attempts to negate any
- expression with the value `0`. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with its
- sign flipped is returned.
-
- * `!`:
- The `boolean not` operator returns `1` if the expression is `0`, or `0`
- otherwise.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `$`:
- The `truncation` operator returns a copy of the given expression with all of
- its **scale** removed.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- This is only available if bc(1) has been compiled with the extra math option
- enabled.
-
- * `@`:
- The `set precision` operator takes two expressions and returns a copy of the
- first with its **scale** equal to the value of the second expression. That
- could either mean that the number is returned without change (if the
- **scale** of the first expression matches the value of the second
- expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is more).
-
- The second expression must be an integer (no **scale**) and non-negative.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- This is only available if bc(1) has been compiled with the extra math option
- enabled.
-
- * `^`:
- The `power` operator (not the `exclusive or` operator, as it would be in C)
- takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of the
- second.
-
- The second expression must be an integer (no **scale**), and if it is
- negative, the first value must be non-zero.
-
- * `*`:
- The `multiply` operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and returns
- the product. If `a` is the **scale** of the first expression and `b` is the
- **scale** of the second expression, the scale of the result is equal to
- `min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))` where `min` and `max` return the obvious values.
-
- * `/`:
- The `divide` operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the
- quotient. The scale of the result shall be the value of `scale`.
-
- The second expression must be non-zero.
-
- * `%`:
- The `modulus` operator takes two expressions, `a` and `b`, and evaluates
- them by 1) Computing `a/b` to current `scale` and 2) Using the result of
- step 1 to calculate `a-(a/b)*b` to scale `max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))`.
-
- The second expression must be non-zero.
-
- * `+`:
- The `add` operator takes two expressions, `a` and `b`, and returns the sum,
- with a **scale** equal to the max of the **scale**s of `a` and `b`.
-
- * `-`:
- The `subtract` operator takes two expressions, `a` and `b`, and returns the
- difference, with a **scale** equal to the max of the **scale**s of `a` and
- `b`.
-
- * `<<`:
- The `left shift` operator takes two expressions, `a` and `b`, and returns a
- copy of the value of `a` with its decimal point moved `b` places to the
- right.
-
- The second expression must be an integer (no **scale**) and non-negative.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- This is only available if bc(1) has been compiled with the extra math option
- enabled.
-
- * `>>`:
- The `right shift` operator takes two expressions, `a` and `b`, and returns a
- copy of the value of `a` with its decimal point moved `b` places to the
- left.
-
- The second expression must be an integer (no **scale**) and non-negative.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- This is only available if bc(1) has been compiled with the extra math option
- enabled.
-
-<a name="bc-assignment"/>
-
- * `=` `<<=` `>>=` `+=` `-=` `*=` `/=` `%=` `^=` `@=`:
- The `assignment` operators take two expressions, `a` and `b` where `a` is a
- [named expression](#bc-named-expressions).
-
- For `=`, `b` is copied and the result is assigned to `a`. For all others,
- `a` and `b` are applied as operands to the corresponding arithmetic
- operator and the result is assigned to `a`.
-
- The `assignment` operators that correspond to operators that are extensions
- are themselves extensions.
-
- Also, those `assignment` operators that are extensions are only available if
- bc(1) has been compiled with the extra math option enabled.
-
- * `==` `<=` `>=` `!=` `<` `>`:
- The `relational` operators compare two expressions, `a` and `b`, and if the
- relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is `1`.
- Otherwise, it is `0`.
-
- Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
- `assignment` operators, which means that `a=b>c` is interpreted as
- `(a=b)>c`.
-
- Also, unlike the [standard][1] requires, these operators can appear anywhere
- any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a
- **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `&&`:
- The `boolean and` operator takes two expressions and returns `1` if both
- expressions are non-zero, `0` otherwise.
-
- This is ***not*** a short-circuit operator.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `||`:
- The `boolean or` operator takes two expressions and returns `1` if one of
- the expressions is non-zero, `0` otherwise.
-
- This is ***not*** a short-circuit operator.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
-### Statements
-
-The following items are statements:
-
-1. `E`
-2. `{` `S` `;` ... `;` `S` `}`
-3. `if` `(` `E` `)` `S`
-4. `if` `(` `E` `)` `S` `else` `S`
-5. `while` `(` `E` `)` `S`
-6. `for` `(` `E` `;` `E` `;` `E` `)` `S`
-7. An empty statement
-8. `break`
-9. `continue`
-10. `quit`
-11. `halt`
-12. `limits`
-13. A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
-14. `print` `E` `,` ... `,` `E`
-15. `I()`, `I(E)`, `I(E, E)`, and so on, where `I` is an identifier for a
- [void function](#void-functions). The `E` parameters may also be arrays,
- which will automatically be turned into [array
- references](#array-references) if the corresponding parameter is an array
- reference.
-
-Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are **non-portable extensions**.
-
-Also, as a **non-portable extension**, any or all of the expressions in the
-header of a for loop may be omitted. If the condition (second expression) is
-omitted, it is assumed to be a constant `1`.
-
-The `break` statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution
-immediately following a loop. This is only allowed in loops.
-
-The `continue` statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to
-the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition. This is only
-allowed in loops.
-
-The `if` `else` statement does the same thing as in C.
-
-The `quit` statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will
-not be executed (it is a compile-time command).
-
-The `halt` statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed. (Unlike `quit` if
-it is on a branch of an `if` statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not
-quit.)
-
-The `limits` statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to. This is
-like the `quit` statement in that it is a compile-time command.
-
-An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline. If
-bc(1) has been built with the extra math option enabled, both scientific
-notation and engineering notation are available for printing the results of
-expressions. Scientific notation is activated by assigning `0` to `obase` (in
-any other context, an `obase` of `0` is invalid), and engineering notation is
-activated by assigning `1` to `obase` (which is also invalid in any other
-context). To deactivate them, just assign a different value to `obase`.
-
-Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is run with
-either the `-s` or `-w` command-line options (or equivalents).
-
-Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
-**non-portable extension**.
-
-### Print Statement
-
-The "expressions" in a `print` statement may also be strings. If they are, there
-are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially. What those
-sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
-
- * `\a`:
- `\a`
-
- * `\b`:
- `\b`
-
- * `\\`:
- `\`
-
- * `\e`:
- `\`
-
- * `\f`:
- `\f`
-
- * `\n`:
- `\n`
-
- * `\q`:
- `"`
-
- * `\r`:
- `\r`
-
- * `\t`:
- `\t`
-
-Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to
-be printed as-is.
-
-Any non-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to `last`, like
-any other expression that is printed.
-
-### Order of Evaluation
-
-All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary
-to maintain order of operations. This means, for example, that in the expression
-`i = 0; a[i++] = i++`, the first (or 0th) element of `a` is set to `1`, and `i`
-is equal to `2` at the end of the expression.
-
-This includes function arguments. Thus, this means that in the expression
-`i = 0; x(i++, i++)`, the first argument passed to `x()` is `0`, and the second
-argument is `1`, while `i` is equal to `2` before the function starts executing.
-
-FUNCTIONS
----------
-
-Function definitions are as follows:
-
-```
-define I(I,...,I){
- auto I,...,I
- S;...;S
- return(E)
-}
-```
-
-Any `I` in the parameter list or `auto` list may be replaced with `I[]` to make
-a parameter or `auto` var an array, and any `I` in the parameter list may be
-replaced with `*I[]` to make a parameter an array reference. Callers of
-functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call;
-they must be called with just `I[]` like normal array parameters and will be
-automatically converted into references.
-
-As a **non-portable extension**, the opening brace of a `define` statement may
-appear on the next line.
-
-The return statement may also be in the following forms:
-
-1. `return`
-2. `return` `(` `)`
-3. `return` `E`
-
-The first two, or not specifying a `return` statement, is equivalent to
-`return (0)`, unless the function is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
-<a name="void-functions"/>
-
-### Void Functions
-
-Functions can also be void functions, defined as follows:
-
-```
-define void I(I,...,I){
- auto I,...,I
- S;...;S
- return
-}
-```
-
-They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would
-be printed alone, except in a print statement.
-
-Void functions can only use the first two `return` statements listed above. They
-can also omit the return statement entirely.
-
-The word `void` is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have
-variables, arrays, and functions named `void`. The word `void` is only treated
-specially right after the `define` keyword.
-
-This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
-<a name="array-references"/>
-
-### Array References
-
-For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
-
-```
-*I[]
-```
-
-it is a **reference**. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected,
-when the function returns, to the array that was passed in.
-
-Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
-
-This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
-LIBRARY
--------
-
-All of the functions below, including the functions in the
-[extended library](#extended-library) if bc(1) has been compiled with the extra
-math option enabled, are available when the `-l` or `--mathlib` command-line
-flags are given.
-
-<a name="standard-library"/>
-
-### Standard Library
-
-The [standard][1] defines the following functions for the math library:
-
- * `s(x)`:
- Returns the sine of `x`, which is assumed to be in radians.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `c(x)`:
- Returns the cosine of `x`, which is assumed to be in radians.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `a(x)`:
- Returns the arctangent of `x`, in radians.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `l(x)`:
- Returns the natural logarithm of `x`.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `e(x)`:
- Returns the mathematical constant `e` raised to the power of `x`.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `j(x, n)`:
- Returns the bessel integer order `n` (truncated) of `x`.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
-<a name="extended-library"/>
-
-### Extended Library
-
-In addition to the [standard library](#standard-library), if bc(1) has been
-built with the extra math option, the following functions are available when
-either the `-l` or `--mathlib` options are given.
-
-However, the extended library is ***not*** loaded when the `-s`/`--standard` or
-`-w`/`--warn` options are given since they are not part of the library defined
-by the [standard][1].
-
-The extended library is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `p(x, y)`:
- Calculates `x` to the power of `y`, even if `y` is not an integer, and
- returns the result to the current `scale`.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `r(x, p)`:
- Returns `x` rounded to `p` decimal places according to the rounding mode
- [round half away from `0`][3].
-
- * `ceil(x, p)`:
- Returns `x` rounded to `p` decimal places according to the rounding mode
- [round away from `0`][7].
-
- * `f(x)`:
- Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of `x`.
-
- * `perm(n, k)`:
- Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of `n` of the
- truncated absolute value of `k`, if `k <= n`. If not, it returns `0`.
-
- * `comb(n, k)`:
- Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of `n` of the
- truncated absolute value of `k`, if `k <= n`. If not, it returns `0`.
-
- * `l2(x)`:
- Returns the logarithm base `2` of `x`.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `l10(x)`:
- Returns the logarithm base `10` of `x`.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `log(x, b)`:
- Returns the logarithm base `b` of `x`.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `cbrt(x)`:
- Returns the cube root of `x`.
-
- * `root(x, n)`:
- Calculates the truncated value of `n`, `r`, and returns the `r`th root of
- `x` to the current `scale`.
-
- If `r` is `0` or negative, this raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset
- (see the RESET section). It also raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset
- if `r` is even and `x` is negative.
-
- * `pi(p)`:
- Returns `pi` to `p` decimal places.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `t(x)`:
- Returns the tangent of `x`, which is assumed to be in radians.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `a2(y, x)`:
- Returns the arctangent of `y/x`, in radians. If both `y` and `x` are equal
- to `0`, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the RESET
- section). Otherwise, if `x` is greater than `0`, it returns `a(y/x)`. If `x`
- is less than `0`, and `y` is greater than or equal to `0`, it returns
- `a(y/x) + pi`. If `x` is less than `0`, and `y` is less than `0`, it returns
- `a(y/x) - pi`. If `x` is equal to `0`, and `y` is greater than `0`, it
- returns `pi/2`. If `x` is equal to `0`, and `y` is less than `0`, it returns
- `-pi/2`.
-
- This function is the same as the `atan2()` function in many programming
- languages.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `sin(x)`:
- Returns the sine of `x`, which is assumed to be in radians.
-
- This is an alias of `s(x)`.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `cos(x)`:
- Returns the cosine of `x`, which is assumed to be in radians.
-
- This is an alias of `c(x)`.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `tan(x)`:
- Returns the tangent of `x`, which is assumed to be in radians.
-
- If `x` is equal to `1` or `-1`, this raises an error and causes bc(1) to
- reset (see the RESET section).
-
- This is an alias of `t(x)`.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `atan(x)`:
- Returns the arctangent of `x`, in radians.
-
- This is an alias of `a(x)`.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `atan2(y, x)`:
- Returns the arctangent of `y/x`, in radians. If both `y` and `x` are equal
- to `0`, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the RESET
- section). Otherwise, if `x` is greater than `0`, it returns `a(y/x)`. If `x`
- is less than `0`, and `y` is greater than or equal to `0`, it returns
- `a(y/x) + pi`. If `x` is less than `0`, and `y` is less than `0`, it returns
- `a(y/x) - pi`. If `x` is equal to `0`, and `y` is greater than `0`, it
- returns `pi/2`. If `x` is equal to `0`, and `y` is less than `0`, it returns
- `-pi/2`.
-
- This function is the same as the `atan2()` function in many programming
- languages.
-
- This is an alias of `a2(y, x)`.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `r2d(x)`:
- Converts `x` from radians to degrees and returns the result.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `d2r(x)`:
- Converts `x` from degrees to radians and returns the result.
-
- This is a [transcendental function][5].
-
- * `frand(p)`:
- Generates a pseudo-random number between `0` (inclusive) and `1` (exclusive)
- with the number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal to the
- truncated absolute value of `p`. If `p` is not `0`, then calling this
- function will change the value of `seed`. If `p` is `0`, then `0` is
- returned, and `seed` is not changed.
-
- * `ifrand(i, p)`:
- Generates a pseudo-random number that is between `0` (inclusive) and the
- truncated absolute value of `i` (exclusive) with the number of decimal
- digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of `p`.
- If the absolute value of `i` is greater than or equal to `2`, and `p` is not
- `0`, then calling this function will change the value of `seed`, otherwise,
- `0` is returned and `seed` is not changed.
-
- * `srand(x)`:
- Returns `x` with its sign flipped with probability `0.5`. In other words, it
- randomizes the sign of `x`.
-
- * `brand()`:
- Returns a random boolean value (either `0` or `1`).
-
- * `ubytes(x)`:
- Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the truncated
- absolute value of `x`.
-
- * `sbytes(x)`:
- Returns the numbers of signed, two's-complement integer bytes required to
- hold the truncated value of `x`.
-
- * `hex(x)`:
- Outputs the hexadecimal (base `16`) representation of `x`.
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
- * `binary(x)`:
- Outputs the binary (base `2`) representation of `x`.
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
- * `output(x, b)`:
- Outputs the base `b` representation of `x`.
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
- * `uint(x)`:
- Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of `x` as an unsigned
- integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both outputs are split
- into bytes separated by spaces.
-
- If `x` is not an integer or is negative, an error message is printed
- instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section).
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
- * `int(x)`:
- Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of `x` as a signed,
- two's-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both
- outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
-
- If `x` is not an integer, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is
- not reset (see the RESET section).
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
- * `uintn(x, n)`:
- Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of `x` as an unsigned
- integer in `n` bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
-
- If `x` is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into `n` bytes, an
- error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET
- section).
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
- * `intn(x, n)`:
- Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of `x` as a signed,
- two's-complement integer in `n` bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
- separated by spaces.
-
- If `x` is not an integer or cannot fit into `n` bytes, an error message is
- printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section).
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
- * `uint8(x)`:
- Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of `x` as an unsigned
- integer in `1` byte. Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
-
- If `x` is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into `1` byte, an error
- message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section).
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
- * `int8(x)`:
- Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of `x` as a signed,
- two's-complement integer in `1` byte. Both outputs are split into bytes
- separated by spaces.
-
- If `x` is not an integer or cannot fit into `1` byte, an error message is
- printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section).
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
- * `uint16(x)`:
- Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of `x` as an unsigned
- integer in `2` bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
-
- If `x` is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into `2` bytes, an
- error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET
- section).
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
- * `int16(x)`:
- Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of `x` as a signed,
- two's-complement integer in `2` bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
- separated by spaces.
-
- If `x` is not an integer or cannot fit into `2` bytes, an error message is
- printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section).
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
- * `uint32(x)`:
- Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of `x` as an unsigned
- integer in `4` bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
-
- If `x` is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into `4` bytes, an
- error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET
- section).
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
- * `int32(x)`:
- Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of `x` as a signed,
- two's-complement integer in `4` bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
- separated by spaces.
-
- If `x` is not an integer or cannot fit into `4` bytes, an error message is
- printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section).
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
- * `uint64(x)`:
- Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of `x` as an unsigned
- integer in `8` bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
-
- If `x` is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into `8` bytes, an
- error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET
- section).
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
- * `int64(x)`:
- Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of `x` as a signed,
- two's-complement integer in `8` bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
- separated by spaces.
-
- If `x` is not an integer or cannot fit into `8` bytes, an error message is
- printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the RESET section).
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
- * `hex_uint(x, n)`:
- Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of `x` as an
- unsigned integer in hexadecimal using `n` bytes. Not all of the value will
- be output if `n` is too small.
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
- * `binary_uint(x, n)`:
- Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of `x` as an
- unsigned integer in binary using `n` bytes. Not all of the value will be
- output if `n` is too small.
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
- * `output_uint(x, n)`:
- Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of `x` as an
- unsigned integer in the current [`obase`](#obase) using `n` bytes. Not all
- of the value will be output if `n` is too small.
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
- * `output_byte(x, i)`:
- Outputs byte `i` of the truncated absolute value of `x`, where `0` is the
- least significant byte and `number_of_bytes - 1` is the most significant
- byte.
-
- This is a [void function](#void-functions).
-
-<a name="transcendental-functions"/>
-
-### Transcendental Functions
-
-All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1
-[ULP][4]). This is unavoidable, and [this article][6] explains why it is
-impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental
-functions.
-
-Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions
-with the precision (`scale`) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary. If
-exact results are *absolutely* required, users can double the precision
-(`scale`) and then truncate.
-
-The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
-
-* `s(x)`
-* `c(x)`
-* `a(x)`
-* `l(x)`
-* `e(x)`
-* `j(x, n)`
-
-The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
-
-* `l2(x)`
-* `l10(x)`
-* `log(x, b)`
-* `pi(p)`
-* `t(x)`
-* `a2(y, x)`
-* `sin(x)`
-* `cos(x)`
-* `tan(x)`
-* `atan(x)`
-* `atan2(y, x)`
-* `r2d(x)`
-* `d2r(x)`
-
-RESET
------
-
-When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
-for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
-
-First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
-The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
-the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
-functions returned) is skipped.
-
-Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
-Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
-EXIT STATUS section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
-appropriate return code.
-
-Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to
-start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error.
-
-PERFORMANCE
------------
-
-Most bc(1) implementations use `char` types to calculate the value of `1`
-decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This bc(1) does something
-different.
-
-It uses large integers to calculate more than `1` decimal digit at a time. If
-built in a environment where `BC_LONG_BIT` (see the LIMITS section) is `64`,
-then each integer has `9` decimal digits. If built in an environment where
-`BC_LONG_BIT` is `32` then each integer has `4` decimal digits. This value (the
-number of decimal digits per large integer) is called `BC_BASE_DIGS`.
-
-In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
-integer type depends on the value of `BC_LONG_BIT`, but is always at least twice
-as large as the integer type used to store digits.
-
-LIMITS
-------
-
-The following are the limits on bc(1):
-
- * `BC_LONG_BIT`:
- The number of bits in the `long` type in the environment where bc(1) was
- built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
- large integer (see the PERFORMANCE section).
-
- * `BC_BASE_DIGS`:
- The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the PERFORMANCE
- section). Depends on `BC_LONG_BIT`.
-
- * `BC_BASE_POW`:
- The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
- `BC_BASE_DIGS`) plus `1`. Depends on `BC_BASE_DIGS`.
-
- * `BC_OVERFLOW_MAX`:
- The max number that the overflow type (see the PERFORMANCE section) can
- hold. Depends on `BC_LONG_BIT`.
-
- * `BC_BASE_MAX`:
- The maximum output base. Set at `BC_BASE_POW`.
-
- * `BC_DIM_MAX`:
- The maximum size of arrays. Set at `SIZE_MAX-1`.
-
- * `BC_SCALE_MAX`:
- The maximum `scale`. Set at `BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1`.
-
- * `BC_STRING_MAX`:
- The maximum length of strings. Set at `BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1`.
-
- * `BC_NAME_MAX`:
- The maximum length of identifiers. Set at `BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1`.
-
- * `BC_NUM_MAX`:
- The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
- after the decimal point. Set at `BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1`.
-
- * `BC_RAND_MAX`:
- The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the `rand()` operand, if bc(1)
- has been built with the extra math option. Set at `2^BC_LONG_BIT-1`.
-
- * Exponent:
- The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
- `BC_OVERFLOW_MAX`.
-
- * Number of vars:
- The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at `SIZE_MAX-1`.
-
-Actual values can be queried with the `limits` statement.
-
-These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
-(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
-become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
-be hit.
-
-ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
----------------------
-
-bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
-
- * `POSIXLY_CORRECT`:
- If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
- the `-s` option was given.
-
- * `BC_ENV_ARGS`:
- This is another way to give command-line arguments to bc(1). They should be
- in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
- processed first, so any files given in `BC_ENV_ARGS` will be processed
- before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
- the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
- invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
- functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
-
- The code that parses `BC_ENV_ARGS` will correctly handle quoted arguments,
- but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
- `"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"` will be correctly parsed, but the string
- `"/home/gavin/some \"bc\" file.bc"` will include the backslashes.
-
- The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, `'` or `"`. Thus, if
- you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
- double quotes as the outside quotes, as in `"some 'bc' file.bc"`, and vice
- versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
- both kinds of quotes in `BC_ENV_ARGS` is not supported due to the complexity
- of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the command-line
- where the parsing is done by the shell.
-
- * `BC_LINE_LENGTH`:
- If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
- than `1` and is less than `UINT16_MAX` (`2^16-1`), bc(1) will output lines
- to that length, including the backslash (`\`). The default line length is
- `70`.
-
- * `BC_EXPR_EXIT`:
- If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
- immediately after executing expressions and files given by the `-e` and/or
- `-f` command-line options (and any equivalents).
-
-EXIT STATUS
------------
-
-bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
-
- * `0`:
- No error.
-
- * `1`:
- A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using `1` for
- expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
- execution.
-
- Math errors include divide by `0`, taking the square root of a negative
- number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
- generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
- overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
- use a non-integer where an integer is required.
-
- Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
- (`^`), places (`@`), left shift (`<<`), and right shift (`>>`) operators and
- their corresponding assignment operators.
-
- * `2`:
- A parse error occurred.
-
- Parse errors include unexpected `EOF`, using an invalid character, failing
- to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid,
- giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an
- invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is
- not a [named expression](#bc-named-expressions), giving an invalid `auto`
- list, having a duplicate `auto`/function parameter, failing to find the end
- of a code block, attempting to return a value from a `void` function,
- attempting to use a variable as a reference, and using any extensions when
- the option `-s` or any equivalents were given.
-
- * `3`:
- A runtime error occurred.
-
- Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to `ibase`, `obase`, or
- `scale`; give a bad expression to a `read()` call, calling `read()` inside
- of a `read()` call, type errors, passing the wrong number of parameters to
- functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and attempting to use a
- `void` function call as a value in an expression.
-
- * `4`:
- A fatal error occurred.
-
- Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
- files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1)
- only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
- and giving invalid command-line options.
-
-The exit status `4` is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits
-and returns `4`, no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
-
-The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode
-(see the INTERACTIVE MODE section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the RESET
-section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in interactive
-mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the `-i` flag or
-`--interactive` option.
-
-These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
-checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the `-i` flag or
-`--interactive` option.
-
-INTERACTIVE MODE
-----------------
-
-Per the [standard][1], bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
-Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both `stdin` and `stdout` are
-hooked to a terminal, but the `-i` flag and `--interactive` option can turn it
-on in other cases.
-
-In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the RESET
-section), and in normal execution, flushes `stdout` as soon as execution is done
-for the current input.
-
-TTY MODE
---------
-
-If `stdin`, `stdout`, and `stderr` are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns on
-"TTY mode."
-
-TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the COMMAND LINE HISTORY
-section). It is also required to enable special handling for `SIGINT` signals.
-
-TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
-in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only `stdin` and
-`stdout` to be connected to a terminal.
-
-SIGNAL HANDLING
----------------
-
-Sending a `SIGINT` will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
-bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the TTY MODE section), it will reset (see the RESET
-section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
-
-Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If bc(1) is processing
-input from `stdin` in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If bc(1) is
-processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
-start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from `stdin` if
-no other file exists.
-
-This means that if a `SIGINT` is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it can
-seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
-start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
-when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
-If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
-rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
-continue.
-
-`SIGTERM` and `SIGQUIT` cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
-default handler for all other signals. The one exception is `SIGHUP`, if bc(1)
-was built with history support; in that case, when bc(1) is in TTY mode, a
-`SIGHUP` will cause bc(1) to clean up and exit.
-
-COMMAND LINE HISTORY
---------------------
-
-bc(1) supports interactive command-line editing, if compiled with the history
-option enabled. If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the TTY MODE section), history is
-enabled. Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys.
-
-**Note**: when bc(1) is built with history support, tabs are converted to 8
-spaces.
-
-LOCALES
--------
-
-This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales.
-
-SEE ALSO
---------
-
-dc(1)
-
-STANDARDS
----------
-
-bc(1) is compliant with the [IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1]
-specification. The flags `-efghiqsvVw`, all long options, and the extensions
-noted above are extensions to that specification.
-
-Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that
-use a period (`.`) as a radix point, regardless of the value of `LC_NUMERIC`.
-
-This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales,
-so it supports `LC_MESSAGES`.
-
-AUTHOR
-------
-
-This bc(1) was made from scratch by Gavin D. Howard.
-
-BUGS
-----
-
-None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
-
-[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
-[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
-[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero
-[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place
-[5]: #transcendental-functions
-[6]: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT
-[7]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc.md (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc.md (nonexistent)
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-link bc.1.ronn
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc.md
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:special
## -1 +0,0 ##
-*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc.1.ronn
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc.1.ronn (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc.1.ronn (nonexistent)
@@ -1,1103 +0,0 @@
-dc(1) -- arbitrary-precision reverse-Polish notation calculator
-===============================================================
-
-SYNOPSIS
---------
-
-`dc` [`-hiPvVx`] [`--version`] [`--help`] [`--interactive`] [`--no-prompt`]
-[`--extended-register`] [`-e` *expr*] [`--expression=`*expr*...]
-[`-f` *file*...] [`-file=`*file*...] [*file*...]
-
-DESCRIPTION
------------
-
-dc(1) is an arbitrary-precision calculator. It uses a stack (reverse Polish
-notation) to store numbers and results of computations. Arithmetic operations
-pop arguments off of the stack and push the results.
-
-If no files are given on the command-line as extra arguments (i.e., not as `-f`
-or `--file` arguments), then dc(1) reads from `stdin`. Otherwise, those files
-are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
-
-This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
-implementations, where `-e` (`--expression`) and `-f` (`--file`) arguments cause
-dc(1) to execute them and exit. The reason for this is that this dc(1) allows
-users to set arguments in the environment variable `DC_ENV_ARGS` (see the
-ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section). Any expressions given on the command-line should
-be used to set up a standard environment. For example, if a user wants the
-`scale` always set to `10`, they can set `DC_ENV_ARGS` to "-e 10k", and this
-dc(1) will always start with a `scale` of `10`.
-
-If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from `-e` and `-f`
-arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add "-e q" as the
-last command-line argument or define the environment variable `DC_EXPR_EXIT`.
-
-OPTIONS
--------
-
-The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
-
- * `-h`, `--help`:
- Prints a usage message and quits.
-
- * `-v`, `-V`, `--version`:
- Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
-
- * `-i`, `--interactive`:
- Forces interactive mode. (See the INTERACTIVE MODE section.)
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `-P`, `--no-prompt`:
- Disables the prompt in interactive mode. This is mostly for those users that
- do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in `dc`. Most of those
- users would want to put this option in `DC_ENV_ARGS`.
-
- If the prompt has been disabled while building dc(1), this option is a
- no-op.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `-x` `--extended-register`:
- Enables extended register mode. See the REGISTERS section for more
- information.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `-e` *expr*, `--expression`=*expr*:
- Evaluates `expr`. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
- order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
- evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
- expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
-
- In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
- the expressions and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
- `DC_EXPR_EXIT` is defined (see the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section).
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `-f` *file*, `--file`=*file*:
- Reads in `file` and evaluates it. If expressions are also given (see above),
- the expressions are evaluated in the order given.
-
- In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
- the files and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
- `DC_EXPR_EXIT` is defined (see the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section).
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
-**Note**: long options are only accepted if dc(1) is built with them enabled.
-
-STDOUT
-------
-
-Any non-error output is written to `stdout`.
-
-**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
-error (see the EXIT STATUS section) if it cannot write to `stdout`, so if
-`stdout` is closed, as in `dc <file> >&-`, it will quit with an error. This is
-done so that dc(1) can report problems when `stdout` is redirected to a file.
-
-If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
-it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect `stdout` to
-`/dev/null`.
-
-STDERR
-------
-
-Any error output is written to `stderr`.
-
-**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
-error (see the EXIT STATUS section) if it cannot write to `stderr`, so if
-`stderr` is closed, as in `dc <file> 2>&-`, it will quit with an error. This is
-done so that dc(1) can report problems when `stderr` is redirected to a file.
-
-If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
-it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect `stderr` to
-`/dev/null`.
-
-SYNTAX
-------
-
-`ibase` is a register (see the REGISTERS section) determining how to interpret
-constant numbers. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for
-interpreting input numbers. `ibase` is initially `10`. The max allowable value
-for `ibase` is `16`. The min allowable value for `ibase` is `2`. The max
-allowable value for `ibase` can be queried in dc(1) programs with the `T`
-command.
-
-`obase` is a register (see the REGISTERS section) determining how to output
-results. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting
-numbers. `obase` is initially `10`. The max allowable value for `obase` is
-`DC_BASE_MAX`. The min allowable value for `obase` is `2` unless dc(1) was built
-with the extra math option. If it was, then the min allowable value is `0`. In
-this case, if `obase` is `0`, values are output in scientific notation, and if
-`obase` is `1`, values are output in engineering notation. (Outputting in
-scientific or engineering notation are **non-portable extensions**.) The max
-allowable value for `obase` can be queried in dc(1) programs with the `U`
-command.
-
-The **scale** of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
-expression right of the decimal point, and `scale` is a register (see the
-REGISTERS section) that sets the precision of any operations (with exceptions).
-`scale` is initially `0`. `scale` cannot be negative. The max allowable value
-for `scale` can be queried in dc(1) programs with the `V` command.
-
-Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the NUMBERS section) or
-a command (see the COMMANDS section), is processed and executed, in order. Input
-is processed immediately when entered.
-
-If dc(1) was built with the extra math option, there is an additional register
-named `seed`. This is the current seed used by the pseudo-random number
-generator. If the current value of `seed` is queried and stored, then if it is
-assigned to `seed` later, the pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to
-produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers that were generated after the
-value of `seed` was first queried.
-
-Multiple values assigned to `seed` can produce the same sequence of
-pseudo-random numbers. Likewise, when a value is assigned to `seed`, it is not
-guaranteed that querying `seed` immediately after will return the same value.
-In addition, the value of `seed` will change after any call to the `'` or `"`
-commands. The maximum integer returned by the `'` command can be queried with
-the `W` command.
-
-**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with the
-`'` and `"` commands are guaranteed to **NOT** be cryptographically-secure.
-This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
-they **are** guaranteed to be reproducible with identical `seed` values.
-
-The pseudo-random number generator, `seed`, and all associated operations are
-**non-portable extensions**.
-
-### Comments
-
-Comments go from `#` until, and not including, the next newline. This is a
-**non-portable extension**.
-
-NUMBERS
--------
-
-Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to `F`, and at most
-`1` period for a radix. Numbers can have up to `DC_NUM_MAX` digits. Uppercase
-letters equal `9` + their position in the alphabet (i.e., `A` equals `10`, or
-`9 + 1`). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of `ibase`,
-they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in `ibase`.
-
-Single-character numbers (i.e., `A`) take the value that they would have if they
-were valid digits, regardless of the value of `ibase`. This means that `A`
-always equals decimal `10` and `F` always equals decimal `15`.
-
-In addition, if dc(1) was built with the extra math option, it accepts numbers
-in scientific notation. For dc(1), an example is `1.89237e9`, which is equal to
-`1892370000`. Negative exponents are also allowed, so `4.2890e_3` is equal to
-`0.0042890`.
-
-**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
-interpreted according to the current `ibase`, but the number is still multiplied
-by `10^exponent` regardless of the current `ibase`. For example, if `ibase` is
-`16` and dc(1) is given the number string `"FFeA"`, the resulting decimal number
-will be `2550000000000`, and if dc(1) is given the number string `"10e_4"`, the
-resulting decimal number will be `0.0016`.
-
-Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
-
-COMMANDS
---------
-
-The valid commands are listed below.
-
-### Printing
-
-These commands are used for printing.
-
-Note that if dc(1) has been built with the extra math option enabled, both
-scientific notation and engineering notation are available for printing numbers.
-Scientific notation is activated by assigning `0` to `obase` using `0o` (in any
-other context, an `obase` of `0` is invalid), and engineering notation is
-activated by assigning `1` to `obase` using `1o` (which is also invalid in any
-other context). To deactivate them, just assign a different value to `obase`.
-
-Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
-**non-portable extension**.
-
- * `p`:
- Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a
- newline after.
-
- This does not alter the stack.
-
- * `n`:
- Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it
- off of the stack.
-
- * `P`:
- Pops a value off the stack.
-
- If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
- result is printed as though `obase` is `UCHAR_MAX + 1` and each digit is
- interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream.
-
- If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `f`:
- Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
- without altering anything.
-
- Users should use this command when they get lost.
-
-### Arithmetic
-
-These are the commands used for arithmetic.
-
- * `+`:
- The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed
- onto the stack. The **scale** of the result is equal to the max **scale** of
- both operands.
-
- * `-`:
- The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is
- pushed onto the stack. The **scale** of the result is equal to the max
- **scale** of both operands.
-
- * `*`:
- The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is
- pushed onto the stack. If `a` is the **scale** of the first expression and
- `b` is the **scale** of the second expression, the **scale** of the result
- is equal to `min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))` where `min` and `max` return the
- obvious values.
-
- * `/`:
- The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
- pushed onto the stack. The **scale** of the result is equal to `scale`.
-
- The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
-
- * `%`:
- The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is
- pushed onto the stack.
-
- Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing `a/b` to current `scale`, and 2)
- Using the result of step 1 to calculate `a-(a/b)*b` to **scale**
- `max(scale + scale(b), scale(a))`.
-
- The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
-
- * `~`:
- The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and
- the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack.
- This is equivalent to `x y / x y %` except that `x` and `y` are only
- evaluated once.
-
- The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `^`:
- The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
- power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
-
- The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
- value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
- non-zero.
-
- * `v`:
- The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the
- result is pushed onto the stack. The **scale** of the result is equal to
- `scale`.
-
- The value popped off of the stack must be non-negative.
-
- * `_`:
- If this command *immediately* precedes a number (i.e., no spaces or other
- commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
-
- Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is
- negated and pushed onto the stack. This behavior without a number is a
- **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `b`:
- The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back
- onto the stack. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `|`:
- The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is
- computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
-
- The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
- integer and non-zero. The second value popped is used as the exponent and
- must be an integer and non-negative. The third value popped is the base and
- must be an integer.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `$`:
- The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is truncated
- and pushed onto the stack.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `@`:
- The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the second
- is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or extension.
-
- The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `H`:
- The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted left
- (radix shifted right) to the value of the first.
-
- The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `h`:
- The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted right
- (radix shifted left) to the value of the first.
-
- The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `G`:
- The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a `1`
- is pushed if they are equal, or `0` otherwise.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `N`:
- The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a `0`, a `1` is pushed;
- otherwise, a `0` is pushed.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `(`:
- The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a `1`
- is pushed if the first is less than the second, or `0` otherwise.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `{`:
- The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a `1`
- is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or `0`
- otherwise.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `)`:
- The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a `1`
- is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or `0` otherwise.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `}`:
- The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a `1`
- is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or `0`
- otherwise.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `M`:
- The top two values are popped off of the stack. If they are both non-zero, a
- `1` is pushed onto the stack. If either of them is zero, or both of them
- are, then a `0` is pushed onto the stack.
-
- This is like the `&&` operator in bc(1), and it is not a short-circuit
- operator.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `m`:
- The top two values are popped off of the stack. If at least one of them is
- non-zero, a `1` is pushed onto the stack. If both of them are zero, then a
- `0` is pushed onto the stack.
-
- This is like the `||` operator in bc(1), and it is not a short-circuit
- operator.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
-### Pseudo-Random Number Generator
-
-If dc(1) was built with the extra math option, it has a built-in pseudo-random
-number generator. These commands query the pseudo-random number generator. (See
-Parameters for more information about the `seed` value that controls the
-pseudo-random number generator.)
-
-The pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to **NOT** be
-cryptographically-secure.
-
- * `'`:
- Generates an integer between 0 and `DC_RAND_MAX`, inclusive (see the LIMITS
- section).
-
- The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
- limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
-
- This command is only available if dc(1) was built with the extra math
- option.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `"`:
- Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an **exclusive** upper bound
- on the integer that will be generated. If the bound is negative or is a
- non-integer, an error is raised, and dc(1) resets (see the RESET section).
- If the bound is larger than `DC_RAND_MAX`, the higher bound is honored by
- generating several pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate
- powers of `DC_RAND_MAX + 1`, and adding them together. Thus, the size of
- integer that can be generated with this command is unbounded. Using this
- command will change the value of `seed`.
-
- If the operand is `0` or `1`, then the result pushed onto the stack is `0`,
- and `seed` is not changed.
-
- The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
- limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
-
- This command is only available if dc(1) was built with the extra math
- option.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
-### Stack Control
-
-These commands control the stack.
-
- * `c`:
- Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
-
- * `d`:
- Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto
- the stack.
-
- * `r`:
- Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
-
- * `R`:
- Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
-
-### Register Control
-
-These commands control registers (see the REGISTERS section).
-
- * `s`*r*:
- Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register `r`.
-
- * `l`*r*:
- Copies the value in register `r` and pushes it onto the stack. This does not
- alter the contents of `r`.
-
- * `S`*r*:
- Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack
- of register `r`. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
-
- * `L`*r*:
- Pops the value off the top of the stack for register `r` and push it onto
- the main stack. The previous value in the stack for register `r`, if any, is
- now accessible via the `l`*r* command.
-
-### Parameters
-
-These commands control the values of `ibase`, `obase`, `scale`, and `seed` (if
-dc(1) was built with the extra math option). Also see the SYNTAX section.
-
- * `i`:
- Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set `ibase`, which
- must be between `2` and `16`, inclusive.
-
- If the value on top of the stack has any **scale**, the **scale** is
- ignored.
-
- * `o`:
- Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set `obase`, which
- must be between `2` and `DC_BASE_MAX`, inclusive (see bc(1)). The value can
- be either `0` or `1` if dc(1) was built with the extra math option.
-
- If the value on top of the stack has any **scale**, the **scale** is
- ignored.
-
- * `k`:
- Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set `scale`, which
- must be non-negative.
-
- If the value on top of the stack has any **scale**, the **scale** is
- ignored.
-
- * `j`:
- Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set `seed`. The
- meaning of `seed` is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
- generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
-
- The **scale** of the value may be significant.
-
- If a previously used `seed` value is used again, the pseudo-random number
- generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo-random
- numbers as it did when the `seed` value was previously used.
-
- The exact value assigned to `seed` is not guaranteed to be returned if the
- `J` command is used. However, if `seed` *does* return a different value,
- both values, when assigned to `seed`, are guaranteed to produce the same
- sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain values assigned
- to `seed` will not produce unique sequences of pseudo-random numbers.
-
- There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
- *scale* of the value that can be assigned to `seed`.
-
- This command is only available if dc(1) was built with the extra math
- option.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `I`:
- Pushes the current value of `ibase` onto the main stack.
-
- * `O`:
- Pushes the current value of `obase` onto the main stack.
-
- * `K`:
- Pushes the current value of `scale` onto the main stack.
-
- * `J`:
- Pushes the current value of `seed` onto the main stack.
-
- This command is only available if dc(1) was built with the extra math
- option.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `T`:
- Pushes the maximum allowable value of `ibase` onto the main stack.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `U`:
- Pushes the maximum allowable value of `obase` onto the main stack.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `V`:
- Pushes the maximum allowable value of `scale` onto the main stack.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `W`:
- Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the `'`
- pseudo-random number generator command.
-
- This command is only available if dc(1) was built with the extra math
- option.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
-### Strings
-
-The following commands control strings.
-
-dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the REGISTERS
-section) can hold both strings and numbers. dc(1) always knows whether the
-contents of a register are a string or a number.
-
-While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if
-given a string, other commands accept strings.
-
-Strings can also be executed as macros. For example, if the string `[1pR]` is
-executed as a macro, then the code `1pR` is executed, meaning that the `1` will
-be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
-
- * `[`*characters*`]`:
- Makes a string containing *characters* and pushes it onto the stack.
-
- If there are brackets (`[` and `]`) in the string, then they must be
- balanced. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (`\`)
- character.
-
- If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
- (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first)
- backslash is not.
-
- * `a`:
- The value on top of the stack is popped.
-
- If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken. The
- result mod `UCHAR_MAX + 1` is calculated. If that result is `0`, push an
- empty string; otherwise, push a one-character string where the character is
- the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character.
-
- If it is a string, then a new string is made. If the original string is
- empty, the new string is empty. If it is not, then the first character of
- the original string is used to create the new string as a one-character
- string. The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `x`:
- Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
-
- If it is a number, it is pushed onto the stack.
-
- If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
-
- This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
- command or by the conditional execution commands below.
-
- * `>`*r*:
- Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
- the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register
- `r` are executed.
-
- For example, `0 1>a` will execute the contents of register `a`, and `1 0>a`
- will not.
-
- If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
- and reset (see the RESET section).
-
- * `>`*r*`e`*s*:
- Like the above, but will execute register `s` if the comparison fails.
-
- If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
- and reset (see the RESET section).
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `!>`*r*:
- Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
- the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then
- the contents of register `r` are executed.
-
- If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
- and reset (see the RESET section).
-
- * `!>`*r*`e`*s*:
- Like the above, but will execute register `s` if the comparison fails.
-
- If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
- and reset (see the RESET section).
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `<`*r*:
- Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
- the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register `r`
- are executed.
-
- If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
- and reset (see the RESET section).
-
- * `<`*r*`e`*s*:
- Like the above, but will execute register `s` if the comparison fails.
-
- If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
- and reset (see the RESET section).
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `!<`*r*:
- Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
- the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then
- the contents of register `r` are executed.
-
- If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
- and reset (see the RESET section).
-
- * `!<`*r*`e`*s*:
- Like the above, but will execute register `s` if the comparison fails.
-
- If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
- and reset (see the RESET section).
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `=`*r*:
- Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
- the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register `r`
- are executed.
-
- If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
- and reset (see the RESET section).
-
- * `=`*r*`e`*s*:
- Like the above, but will execute register `s` if the comparison fails.
-
- If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
- and reset (see the RESET section).
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `!=`*r*:
- Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
- the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register
- `r` are executed.
-
- If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
- and reset (see the RESET section).
-
- * `!=`*r*`e`*s*:
- Like the above, but will execute register `s` if the comparison fails.
-
- If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
- and reset (see the RESET section).
-
- This is a **non-portable extension**.
-
- * `?`:
- Reads a line from the `stdin` and executes it. This is to allow macros to
- request input from users.
-
- * `q`:
- During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the
- execution of the macro that executed it. If there are no macros, or only one
- macro executing, dc(1) exits.
-
- * `Q`:
- Pops a value from the stack which must be non-negative and is used the
- number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack. If the number
- of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1)
- exits.
-
-### Status
-
-These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
-
- * `Z`:
- Pops a value off of the stack.
-
- If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it
- has and pushes the result.
-
- If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
-
- * `X`:
- Pops a value off of the stack.
-
- If it is a number, pushes the **scale** of the value onto the stack.
-
- If it is a string, pushes `0`.
-
- * `z`:
- Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
-
-### Arrays
-
-These commands manipulate arrays.
-
- * `:`*r*:
- Pops the top two values off of the stack. The second value will be stored in
- the array `r` (see the REGISTERS section), indexed by the first value.
-
- * `;`*r*:
- Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array
- `r`. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
-
-REGISTERS
----------
-
-Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays. (Number/string
-registers do not interfere with array registers.)
-
-Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of
-the stack for the register. All registers, when first referenced, have one value
-(`0`) in their stack.
-
-In non-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that
-follows any command that needs a register name. The only exception is a newline
-(`'\n'`); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name.
-
-### Extended Register Mode
-
-Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited
-amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
-
-If extended register mode is enabled (`-x` or `--extended-register` command-line
-arguments are given), then normal single character registers are used
-***unless*** the character immediately following a command that needs a register
-name is a space (according to `isspace()`) and not a newline (`'\n'`).
-
-In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
-`[a-z][a-z0-9_]*` (like bc(1)), and it is a parse error if the next
-non-space characters do not match that regex.
-
-RESET
------
-
-When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
-for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
-
-First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
-The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
-the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
-functions returned) is skipped.
-
-Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
-Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
-EXIT STATUS section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
-appropriate return code.
-
-PERFORMANCE
------------
-
-Most dc(1) implementations use `char` types to calculate the value of `1`
-decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This dc(1) does something
-different.
-
-It uses large integers to calculate more than `1` decimal digit at a time. If
-built in a environment where `DC_LONG_BIT` (see the LIMITS section) is `64`,
-then each integer has `9` decimal digits. If built in an environment where
-`DC_LONG_BIT` is `32` then each integer has `4` decimal digits. This value (the
-number of decimal digits per large integer) is called `DC_BASE_DIGS`.
-
-In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
-integer type depends on the value of `DC_LONG_BIT`, but is always at least twice
-as large as the integer type used to store digits.
-
-LIMITS
-------
-
-The following are the limits on dc(1):
-
- * `DC_LONG_BIT`:
- The number of bits in the `long` type in the environment where dc(1) was
- built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
- large integer (see the PERFORMANCE section).
-
- * `DC_BASE_DIGS`:
- The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the PERFORMANCE
- section). Depends on `DC_LONG_BIT`.
-
- * `DC_BASE_POW`:
- The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
- `DC_BASE_DIGS`) plus `1`. Depends on `DC_BASE_DIGS`.
-
- * `DC_OVERFLOW_MAX`:
- The max number that the overflow type (see the PERFORMANCE section) can
- hold. Depends on `DC_LONG_BIT`.
-
- * `DC_BASE_DIGS`:
- The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the PERFORMANCE
- section).
-
- * `DC_BASE_MAX`:
- The maximum output base. Set at `DC_BASE_POW`.
-
- * `DC_DIM_MAX`:
- The maximum size of arrays. Set at `SIZE_MAX-1`.
-
- * `DC_SCALE_MAX`:
- The maximum `scale`. Set at `DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1`.
-
- * `DC_STRING_MAX`:
- The maximum length of strings. Set at `DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1`.
-
- * `DC_NAME_MAX`:
- The maximum length of identifiers. Set at `DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1`.
-
- * `DC_NUM_MAX`:
- The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
- after the decimal point. Set at `DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1`.
-
- * `DC_RAND_MAX`:
- The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the `'` command, if dc(1) has
- been built with the extra math option. Set at `2^DC_LONG_BIT-1`.
-
- * Exponent:
- The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
- `DC_OVERFLOW_MAX`.
-
- * Number of vars:
- The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at `SIZE_MAX-1`.
-
-These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
-(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
-become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
-be hit.
-
-ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
----------------------
-
-dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
-
- * `DC_ENV_ARGS`:
- This is another way to give command-line arguments to dc(1). They should be
- in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
- processed first, so any files given in `DC_ENV_ARGS` will be processed
- before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
- the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
- invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
- functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs. Another use would
- be to use the `-e` option to set `scale` to a value other than `0`.
-
- The code that parses `DC_ENV_ARGS` will correctly handle quoted arguments,
- but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
- `"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"` will be correctly parsed, but the string
- `"/home/gavin/some \"dc\" file.dc"` will include the backslashes.
-
- The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, `'` or `"`. Thus, if
- you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
- double quotes as the outside quotes, as in `"some 'bc' file.bc"`, and vice
- versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
- both kinds of quotes in `DC_ENV_ARGS` is not supported due to the complexity
- of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the command-line
- where the parsing is done by the shell.
-
- * `DC_LINE_LENGTH`:
- If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
- than `1` and is less than `UINT16_MAX` (`2^16-1`), dc(1) will output lines
- to that length, including the backslash newline combo. The default line
- length is `70`.
-
- * `DC_EXPR_EXIT`:
- If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
- immediately after executing expressions and files given by the `-e` and/or
- `-f` command-line options (and any equivalents).
-
-EXIT STATUS
------------
-
-dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
-
- * `0`:
- No error.
-
- * `1`:
- A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using `1` for
- expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
- execution.
-
- Math errors include divide by `0`, taking the square root of a negative
- number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
- generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
- overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
- use a non-integer where an integer is required.
-
- Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
- (`^`), places (`@`), left shift (`H`), and right shift (`h`) operators.
-
- * `2`:
- A parse error occurred.
-
- Parse errors include unexpected `EOF`, using an invalid character, failing
- to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is
- invalid.
-
- * `3`:
- A runtime error occurred.
-
- Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to `ibase`, `obase`, or
- `scale`; give a bad expression to a `read()` call, calling `read()` inside
- of a `read()` call, type errors, and attempting an operation when the stack
- has too few elements.
-
- * `4`:
- A fatal error occurred.
-
- Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
- files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1)
- only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
- and giving invalid command-line options.
-
-The exit status `4` is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits
-and returns `4`, no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
-
-The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode
-(see the INTERACTIVE MODE section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the RESET
-section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in interactive
-mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the `-i` flag or
-`--interactive` option.
-
-These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
-checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the `-i` flag or
-`--interactive` option.
-
-INTERACTIVE MODE
-----------------
-
-Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
-Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both `stdin` and `stdout` are
-hooked to a terminal, but the `-i` flag and `--interactive` option can turn it
-on in other cases.
-
-In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the RESET
-section), and in normal execution, flushes `stdout` as soon as execution is done
-for the current input.
-
-TTY MODE
---------
-
-If `stdin`, `stdout`, and `stderr` are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns on
-"TTY mode."
-
-TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the COMMAND LINE HISTORY
-section). It is also required to enable special handling for `SIGINT` signals.
-
-TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
-in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only `stdin` and
-`stdout` to be connected to a terminal.
-
-SIGNAL HANDLING
----------------
-
-Sending a `SIGINT` will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
-dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the TTY MODE section), it will reset (see the RESET
-section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
-
-Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If dc(1) is processing
-input from `stdin` in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If dc(1) is
-processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
-start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from `stdin` if
-no other file exists.
-
-This means that if a `SIGINT` is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it can
-seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
-start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
-when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
-If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
-rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
-continue.
-
-`SIGTERM` and `SIGQUIT` cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
-default handler for all other signals. The one exception is `SIGHUP`, if dc(1)
-was built with history support; in that case, when dc(1) is in TTY mode, a
-`SIGHUP` will cause dc(1) to clean up and exit.
-
-COMMAND LINE HISTORY
---------------------
-
-dc(1) supports interactive command-line editing, if compiled with the history
-option enabled. If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the TTY MODE section), history is
-enabled. Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys.
-
-**Note**: when dc(1) is built with history support, tabs are converted to 8
-spaces.
-
-LOCALES
--------
-
-This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales.
-
-SEE ALSO
---------
-
-bc(1)
-
-STANDARDS
----------
-
-The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1)
-[IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1] specification.
-
-AUTHOR
-------
-
-This dc(1) was made from scratch by Gavin D. Howard.
-
-BUGS
-----
-
-None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
-
-[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc.md (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc.md (nonexistent)
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-link dc.1.ronn
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc.md
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:special
## -1 +0,0 ##
-*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/A.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/A.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/A.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2099 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "BC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH NAME
+.PP
+bc \- arbitrary\-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]bc\f[] [\f[B]\-ghilPqsvVw\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in
+1991 by POSIX.
+(The current standard is
+here (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).)
+The language provides unlimited precision decimal arithmetic and is
+somewhat C\-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+.PP
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on
+the command line and executes them before reading from \f[B]stdin\f[].
+.PP
+This bc(1) is a drop\-in replacement for \f[I]any\f[] bc(1), including
+(and especially) the GNU bc(1).
+It also has many extensions and extra features beyond other
+implementations.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-g\f[], \f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]
+Turns the globals \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], and
+\f[B]seed\f[] into stacks.
+.RS
+.PP
+This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all four are
+pushed onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when
+every function returns.
+This means that functions can assign to any and all of those globals
+without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+Thus, a hypothetical function named \f[B]output(x,b)\f[] that simply
+printed \f[B]x\f[] in base \f[B]b\f[] could be written like this:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ x
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+instead of like this:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ auto\ c
+\ \ \ \ c=obase
+\ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ obase=c
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+This makes writing functions much easier.
+.PP
+(\f[B]Note\f[]: the function \f[B]output(x,b)\f[] exists in the extended
+math library.
+See the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.)
+.PP
+However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], or \f[B]seed\f[]
+globally, functions that are made to do so cannot work anymore.
+There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a solution.
+.PP
+First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+aliases.
+Examples:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+alias\ d2o="bc\ \-e\ ibase=A\ \-e\ obase=8"
+alias\ h2b="bc\ \-e\ ibase=G\ \-e\ obase=2"
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Second, if the purpose of a function is to set \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], or \f[B]seed\f[] globally for any other
+purpose, it could be split into one to four functions (based on how many
+globals it sets) and each of those functions could return the desired
+value for a global.
+.PP
+For functions that set \f[B]seed\f[], the value assigned to
+\f[B]seed\f[] is not propagated to parent functions.
+This means that the sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that they see
+will not be the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that any parent
+sees.
+This is only the case once \f[B]seed\f[] has been set.
+.PP
+If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo\-random
+numbers of its parents, but wants to use the same \f[B]seed\f[], it can
+use the following line:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+seed\ =\ seed
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then
+users could make sure to define \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] and include this
+option (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section for more
+details).
+.PP
+If \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-w\f[], or any equivalents are used, this option
+is ignored.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-l\f[], \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]
+Sets \f[B]scale\f[] (see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) to \f[B]20\f[] and
+loads the included math library and the extended math library before
+running any code, including any expressions or files specified on the
+command line.
+.RS
+.PP
+To learn what is in the libraries, see the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+Disables the prompt in TTY mode.
+(The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+See the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section) This is mostly for those users that
+do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in bc(1).
+Most of those users would want to put this option in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-q\f[], \f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]
+Do not print copyright header.
+bc(1) will also suppress the header in non\-interactive mode.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is mostly for compatibility with the GNU
+bc(1) (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-\-standard\f[]
+Process exactly the language defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+and error if any extensions are used.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-w\f[], \f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+Like \f[B]\-s\f[] and \f[B]\-\-standard\f[], except that warnings (and
+not errors) are printed for non\-standard extensions and execution
+continues normally.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C\-like, with some differences.
+This bc(1) follows the POSIX
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+which is a much more thorough resource for the language this bc(1)
+accepts.
+This section is meant to be a summary and a listing of all the
+extensions to the standard.
+.PP
+In the sections below, \f[B]E\f[] means expression, \f[B]S\f[] means
+statement, and \f[B]I\f[] means identifier.
+.PP
+Identifiers (\f[B]I\f[]) start with a lowercase letter and can be
+followed by any number (up to \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\-1\f[]) of lowercase
+letters (\f[B]a\-z\f[]), digits (\f[B]0\-9\f[]), and underscores
+(\f[B]_\f[]).
+The regex is \f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[].
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a global variable determining how to interpret
+constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+If the \f[B]\-s\f[] (\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]) and \f[B]\-w\f[]
+(\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]) flags were not given on the command line, the max
+allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]36\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in bc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]maxibase()\f[] built\-in function.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a global variable determining how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxobase()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[].
+If \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], values are output in scientific
+notation, and if \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]1\f[], values are output in
+engineering notation.
+Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are
+\f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a global variable that sets the precision of any operations, with
+exceptions.
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] is \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxscale()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+.PP
+bc(1) has both \f[I]global\f[] variables and \f[I]local\f[] variables.
+All \f[I]local\f[] variables are local to the function; they are
+parameters or are introduced in the \f[B]auto\f[] list of a function
+(see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+If a variable is accessed which is not a parameter or in the
+\f[B]auto\f[] list, it is assumed to be \f[I]global\f[].
+If a parent function has a \f[I]local\f[] variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers \f[I]global\f[], the value of that
+\f[I]global\f[] variable in the child function is the value of the
+variable in the parent function, not the value of the actual
+\f[I]global\f[] variable.
+.PP
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+.PP
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence
+operator is an assignment operator \f[I]and\f[] the expression is
+notsurrounded by parentheses.
+.PP
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable
+\f[B]last\f[].
+A single dot (\f[B].\f[]) may also be used as a synonym for
+\f[B]last\f[].
+These are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+There are two kinds of comments:
+.IP "1." 3
+Block comments are enclosed in \f[B]/*\f[] and \f[B]*/\f[].
+.IP "2." 3
+Line comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next
+newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Named Expressions
+.PP
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+.IP "1." 3
+Variables: \f[B]I\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+Array Elements: \f[B]I[E]\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]ibase\f[]
+.IP "4." 3
+\f[B]obase\f[]
+.IP "5." 3
+\f[B]scale\f[]
+.IP "6." 3
+\f[B]seed\f[]
+.IP "7." 3
+\f[B]last\f[] or a single dot (\f[B].\f[])
+.PP
+Numbers 6 and 7 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The meaning of \f[B]seed\f[] is dependent on the current pseudo\-random
+number generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major
+versions.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] and sign of the value may be significant.
+.PP
+If a previously used \f[B]seed\f[] value is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[]
+and used again, the pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers as it did when the
+\f[B]seed\f[] value was previously used.
+.PP
+The exact value assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] is not guaranteed to be
+returned if \f[B]seed\f[] is queried again immediately.
+However, if \f[B]seed\f[] \f[I]does\f[] return a different value, both
+values, when assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], are guaranteed to produce the
+same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers.
+This means that certain values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] will
+\f[I]not\f[] produce unique sequences of pseudo\-random numbers.
+The value of \f[B]seed\f[] will change after any use of the
+\f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] operands (see the
+\f[I]Operands\f[] subsection below), except if the parameter passed to
+\f[B]irand(E)\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], \f[B]1\f[], or negative.
+.PP
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits)
+or \f[I]scale\f[] of the value that can be assigned to \f[B]seed\f[].
+.PP
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the
+same as variables.
+This also applies to functions (see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section), so
+a user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same
+name, and they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions
+or not.
+.PP
+Named expressions are required as the operand of
+\f[B]increment\f[]/\f[B]decrement\f[] operators and as the left side of
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators (see the \f[I]Operators\f[] subsection).
+.SS Operands
+.PP
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+.IP " 1." 4
+Numbers (see the \f[I]Numbers\f[] subsection below).
+.IP " 2." 4
+Array indices (\f[B]I[E]\f[]).
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B](E)\f[]: The value of \f[B]E\f[] (used to change precedence).
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]sqrt(E)\f[]: The square root of \f[B]E\f[].
+\f[B]E\f[] must be non\-negative.
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]length(E)\f[]: The number of significant decimal digits in
+\f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]length(I[])\f[]: The number of elements in the array \f[B]I\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 7." 4
+\f[B]scale(E)\f[]: The \f[I]scale\f[] of \f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]abs(E)\f[]: The absolute value of \f[B]E\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a non\-\f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]read()\f[]: Reads a line from \f[B]stdin\f[] and uses that as an
+expression.
+The result of that expression is the result of the \f[B]read()\f[]
+operand.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]maxibase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]ibase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]maxobase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]obase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "13." 4
+\f[B]maxscale()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]scale\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]rand()\f[]: A pseudo\-random integer between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive)
+and \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[] (inclusive).
+Using this operand will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]irand(E)\f[]: A pseudo\-random integer between \f[B]0\f[]
+(inclusive) and the value of \f[B]E\f[] (exclusive).
+If \f[B]E\f[] is negative or is a non\-integer (\f[B]E\f[]\[aq]s
+\f[I]scale\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[]), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets
+(see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) while \f[B]seed\f[] remains unchanged.
+If \f[B]E\f[] is larger than \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[], the higher bound is
+honored by generating several pseudo\-random integers, multiplying them
+by appropriate powers of \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX+1\f[], and adding them
+together.
+Thus, the size of integer that can be generated with this operand is
+unbounded.
+Using this operand will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[], unless the
+value of \f[B]E\f[] is \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+In that case, \f[B]0\f[] is returned, and \f[B]seed\f[] is \f[I]not\f[]
+changed.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "16." 4
+\f[B]maxrand()\f[]: The max integer returned by \f[B]rand()\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+The integers generated by \f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] are
+guaranteed to be as unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of
+the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: The values returned by the pseudo\-random number
+generator with \f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] are guaranteed to
+\f[I]NOT\f[] be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo\-random number generator.
+However, they \f[I]are\f[] guaranteed to be reproducible with identical
+\f[B]seed\f[] values.
+.SS Numbers
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most
+\f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]Z\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]35\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, bc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation.
+These have the form \f[B]<number>e<integer>\f[].
+The power (the portion after the \f[B]e\f[]) must be an integer.
+An example is \f[B]1.89237e9\f[], which is equal to \f[B]1892370000\f[].
+Negative exponents are also allowed, so \f[B]4.2890e\-3\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0.0042890\f[].
+.PP
+Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the \f[B]\-s\f[] or
+\f[B]\-w\f[], respectively, command\-line options (or equivalents) are
+given.
+.PP
+\f[B]WARNING\f[]: Both the number and the exponent in scientific
+notation are interpreted according to the current \f[B]ibase\f[], but
+the number is still multiplied by \f[B]10^exponent\f[] regardless of the
+current \f[B]ibase\f[].
+For example, if \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[] and bc(1) is given the
+number string \f[B]FFeA\f[], the resulting decimal number will be
+\f[B]2550000000000\f[], and if bc(1) is given the number string
+\f[B]10e\-4\f[], the resulting decimal number will be \f[B]0.0016\f[].
+.PP
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a \f[B]non\-portable
+extension\f[].
+.SS Operators
+.PP
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used.
+They are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+Operators in the same group have the same precedence.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+Type: Prefix and Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]increment\f[], \f[B]decrement\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[] \f[B]!\f[]
+Type: Prefix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]negation\f[], \f[B]boolean not\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+Type: Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]truncation\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]set precision\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]power\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[] \f[B]/\f[] \f[B]%\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]multiply\f[], \f[B]divide\f[], \f[B]modulus\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[] \f[B]\-\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]add\f[], \f[B]subtract\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<<\f[] \f[B]>>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]shift left\f[], \f[B]shift right\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]<<=\f[] \f[B]>>=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[] \f[B]\@=\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]assignment\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]relational\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean and\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean or\f[]
+.RE
+.PP
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+The prefix and postfix \f[B]increment\f[] and \f[B]decrement\f[]
+operators behave exactly like they would in C.
+They require a named expression (see the \f[I]Named Expressions\f[]
+subsection) as an operand.
+.RS
+.PP
+The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them
+where possible.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]negation\f[] operator returns \f[B]0\f[] if a user attempts to
+negate any expression with the value \f[B]0\f[].
+Otherwise, a copy of the expression with its sign flipped is returned.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean not\f[] operator returns \f[B]1\f[] if the expression
+is \f[B]0\f[], or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+The \f[B]truncation\f[] operator returns a copy of the given expression
+with all of its \f[I]scale\f[] removed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+The \f[B]set precision\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns a
+copy of the first with its \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the value of the
+second expression.
+That could either mean that the number is returned without change (if
+the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression matches the value of the
+second expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is
+more).
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The \f[B]power\f[] operator (not the \f[B]exclusive or\f[] operator, as
+it would be in C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the
+power of the value of the second.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]), and if it
+is negative, the first value must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The \f[B]multiply\f[] operator takes two expressions, multiplies them,
+and returns the product.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The \f[B]divide\f[] operator takes two expressions, divides them, and
+returns the quotient.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result shall be the value of \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The \f[B]modulus\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and evaluates them by 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[] and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The \f[B]add\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the sum, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the max
+of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]subtract\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the difference, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to
+the max of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<<\f[]
+The \f[B]left shift\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns a copy of the value of \f[B]a\f[] with its
+decimal point moved \f[B]b\f[] places to the right.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>>\f[]
+The \f[B]right shift\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns a copy of the value of \f[B]a\f[] with its
+decimal point moved \f[B]b\f[] places to the left.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]<<=\f[] \f[B]>>=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[] \f[B]\@=\f[]
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators take two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[] where \f[B]a\f[] is a named expression (see the \f[I]Named
+Expressions\f[] subsection).
+.RS
+.PP
+For \f[B]=\f[], \f[B]b\f[] is copied and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+For all others, \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[] are applied as operands to the
+corresponding arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators that correspond to operators that are
+extensions are themselves \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+The \f[B]relational\f[] operators compare two expressions, \f[B]a\f[]
+and \f[B]b\f[], and if the relation holds, according to C language
+semantics, the result is \f[B]1\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators, which means that \f[B]a=b>c\f[] is
+interpreted as \f[B](a=b)>c\f[].
+.PP
+Also, unlike the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+requires, these operators can appear anywhere any other expressions can
+be used.
+This allowance is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean and\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if both expressions are non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean or\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if one of the expressions is non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Statements
+.PP
+The following items are statements:
+.IP " 1." 4
+\f[B]E\f[]
+.IP " 2." 4
+\f[B]{\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B];\f[] ...
+\f[B];\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]}\f[]
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]else\f[]
+\f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]while\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]for\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[]
+\f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 7." 4
+An empty statement
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]break\f[]
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]continue\f[]
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]quit\f[]
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]halt\f[]
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]limits\f[]
+.IP "13." 4
+A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]print\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B],\f[] ...
+\f[B],\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.PP
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Also, as a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], any or all of the
+expressions in the header of a for loop may be omitted.
+If the condition (second expression) is omitted, it is assumed to be a
+constant \f[B]1\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]break\f[] statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume
+execution immediately following a loop.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]continue\f[] statement causes a loop iteration to stop early
+and returns to the start of the loop, including testing the loop
+condition.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]if\f[] \f[B]else\f[] statement does the same thing as in C.
+.PP
+The \f[B]quit\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a
+branch that will not be executed (it is a compile\-time command).
+.PP
+The \f[B]halt\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed.
+(Unlike \f[B]quit\f[] if it is on a branch of an \f[B]if\f[] statement
+that is not executed, bc(1) does not quit.)
+.PP
+The \f[B]limits\f[] statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is
+subject to.
+This is like the \f[B]quit\f[] statement in that it is a compile\-time
+command.
+.PP
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+.PP
+Both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for
+printing the results of expressions.
+Scientific notation is activated by assigning \f[B]0\f[] to
+\f[B]obase\f[], and engineering notation is activated by assigning
+\f[B]1\f[] to \f[B]obase\f[].
+To deactivate them, just assign a different value to \f[B]obase\f[].
+.PP
+Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is
+run with either the \f[B]\-s\f[] or \f[B]\-w\f[] command\-line options
+(or equivalents).
+.PP
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Print Statement
+.PP
+The "expressions" in a \f[B]print\f[] statement may also be strings.
+If they are, there are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted
+specially.
+What those sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown
+below:
+.PP
+.TS
+tab(@);
+l l.
+T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\\\\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\e\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\q\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]"\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}
+.TE
+.PP
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and
+character to be printed as\-is.
+.PP
+Any non\-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to
+\f[B]last\f[], like any other expression that is printed.
+.SS Order of Evaluation
+.PP
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as
+necessary to maintain order of operations.
+This means, for example, assuming that \f[B]i\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0\f[], in the expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+a[i++]\ =\ i++
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first (or 0th) element of \f[B]a\f[] is set to \f[B]1\f[], and
+\f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] at the end of the expression.
+.PP
+This includes function arguments.
+Thus, assuming \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], this means that in the
+expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+x(i++,\ i++)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first argument passed to \f[B]x()\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], and the second
+argument is \f[B]1\f[], while \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] before
+the function starts executing.
+.SH FUNCTIONS
+.PP
+Function definitions are as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return(E)
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list or \f[B]auto\f[] list may be
+replaced with \f[B]I[]\f[] to make a parameter or \f[B]auto\f[] var an
+array, and any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list may be replaced with
+\f[B]*I[]\f[] to make a parameter an array reference.
+Callers of functions that take array references should not put an
+asterisk in the call; they must be called with just \f[B]I[]\f[] like
+normal array parameters and will be automatically converted into
+references.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the opening brace of a
+\f[B]define\f[] statement may appear on the next line.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the return statement may also be
+in one of the following forms:
+.IP "1." 3
+\f[B]return\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B])\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.PP
+The first two, or not specifying a \f[B]return\f[] statement, is
+equivalent to \f[B]return (0)\f[], unless the function is a
+\f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection
+below).
+.SS Void Functions
+.PP
+Functions can also be \f[B]void\f[] functions, defined as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an
+expression would be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+.PP
+Void functions can only use the first two \f[B]return\f[] statements
+listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+.PP
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to
+have variables, arrays, and functions named \f[B]void\f[].
+The word "void" is only treated specially right after the
+\f[B]define\f[] keyword.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Array References
+.PP
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the
+form
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+*I[]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+it is a \f[B]reference\f[].
+Any changes to the array in the function are reflected, when the
+function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+.PP
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH LIBRARY
+.PP
+All of the functions below, including the functions in the extended math
+library (see the \f[I]Extended Library\f[] subsection below), are
+available when the \f[B]\-l\f[] or \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[] command\-line
+flags are given, except that the extended math library is not available
+when the \f[B]\-s\f[] option, the \f[B]\-w\f[] option, or equivalents
+are given.
+.SS Standard Library
+.PP
+The
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+defines the following functions for the math library:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l(x)\f[]
+Returns the natural logarithm of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]e(x)\f[]
+Returns the mathematical constant \f[B]e\f[] raised to the power of
+\f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+Returns the bessel integer order \f[B]n\f[] (truncated) of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.SS Extended Library
+.PP
+The extended library is \f[I]not\f[] loaded when the
+\f[B]\-s\f[]/\f[B]\-\-standard\f[] or \f[B]\-w\f[]/\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+options are given since they are not part of the library defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).
+.PP
+The extended library is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p(x, y)\f[]
+Calculates \f[B]x\f[] to the power of \f[B]y\f[], even if \f[B]y\f[] is
+not an integer, and returns the result to the current \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r(x, p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] rounded to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places according to the
+rounding mode round half away from
+\f[B]0\f[] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ceil(x, p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] rounded to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places according to the
+rounding mode round away from
+\f[B]0\f[] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f(x)\f[]
+Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]perm(n, k)\f[]
+Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]n\f[] of
+the truncated absolute value of \f[B]k\f[], if \f[B]k <= n\f[].
+If not, it returns \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]comb(n, k)\f[]
+Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]n\f[] of
+the truncated absolute value of \f[B]k\f[], if \f[B]k <= n\f[].
+If not, it returns \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l2(x)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]2\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l10(x)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]10\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]log(x, b)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]b\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]cbrt(x)\f[]
+Returns the cube root of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]root(x, n)\f[]
+Calculates the truncated value of \f[B]n\f[], \f[B]r\f[], and returns
+the \f[B]r\f[]th root of \f[B]x\f[] to the current \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]r\f[] is \f[B]0\f[] or negative, this raises an error and causes
+bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+It also raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset if \f[B]r\f[] is even
+and \f[B]x\f[] is negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]pi(p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]pi\f[] to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]t(x)\f[]
+Returns the tangent of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a2(y, x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]y/x\f[], in radians.
+If both \f[B]y\f[] and \f[B]x\f[] are equal to \f[B]0\f[], it raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, if \f[B]x\f[] is greater than \f[B]0\f[], it returns
+\f[B]a(y/x)\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than or
+equal to \f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)+pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)\-pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]pi/2\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]\-pi/2\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This function is the same as the \f[B]atan2()\f[] function in many
+programming languages.
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]sin(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]s(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]cos(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]c(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]tan(x)\f[]
+Returns the tangent of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]1\f[] or \f[B]\-1\f[], this raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]t(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]atan(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]a(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]atan2(y, x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]y/x\f[], in radians.
+If both \f[B]y\f[] and \f[B]x\f[] are equal to \f[B]0\f[], it raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, if \f[B]x\f[] is greater than \f[B]0\f[], it returns
+\f[B]a(y/x)\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than or
+equal to \f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)+pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)\-pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]pi/2\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]\-pi/2\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This function is the same as the \f[B]atan2()\f[] function in many
+programming languages.
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]a2(y, x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r2d(x)\f[]
+Converts \f[B]x\f[] from radians to degrees and returns the result.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d2r(x)\f[]
+Converts \f[B]x\f[] from degrees to radians and returns the result.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]frand(p)\f[]
+Generates a pseudo\-random number between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive) and
+\f[B]1\f[] (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the
+decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of \f[B]p\f[].
+If \f[B]p\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[], then calling this function will change
+the value of \f[B]seed\f[].
+If \f[B]p\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], then \f[B]0\f[] is returned, and
+\f[B]seed\f[] is \f[I]not\f[] changed.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ifrand(i, p)\f[]
+Generates a pseudo\-random number that is between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive)
+and the truncated absolute value of \f[B]i\f[] (exclusive) with the
+number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated
+absolute value of \f[B]p\f[].
+If the absolute value of \f[B]i\f[] is greater than or equal to
+\f[B]2\f[], and \f[B]p\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[], then calling this function
+will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[]; otherwise, \f[B]0\f[] is
+returned and \f[B]seed\f[] is not changed.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]srand(x)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] with its sign flipped with probability \f[B]0.5\f[].
+In other words, it randomizes the sign of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]brand()\f[]
+Returns a random boolean value (either \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[]).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ubytes(x)\f[]
+Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the
+truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]sbytes(x)\f[]
+Returns the numbers of signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer bytes
+required to hold the truncated value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]hex(x)\f[]
+Outputs the hexadecimal (base \f[B]16\f[]) representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]binary(x)\f[]
+Outputs the binary (base \f[B]2\f[]) representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output(x, b)\f[]
+Outputs the base \f[B]b\f[] representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in as few power of two bytes as possible.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or is negative, an error message is
+printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[]
+section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as
+possible.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, an error message is printed instead,
+but bc(1) is not reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uintn(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]n\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]intn(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]n\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint8(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]1\f[] byte.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]1\f[] byte, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int8(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]1\f[] byte.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]1\f[] byte, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint16(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]2\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]2\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int16(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]2\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]2\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint32(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]4\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]4\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int32(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]4\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]4\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint64(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]8\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]8\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int64(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]8\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]8\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]hex_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in hexadecimal using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]binary_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in binary using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in the current \f[B]obase\f[] (see the
+\f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output_byte(x, i)\f[]
+Outputs byte \f[B]i\f[] of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[],
+where \f[B]0\f[] is the least significant byte and \f[B]number_of_bytes
+\- 1\f[] is the most significant byte.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.SS Transcendental Functions
+.PP
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up
+to 1 ULP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place)).
+This is unavoidable, and this
+article (https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT) explains
+why it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the
+transcendental functions.
+.PP
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those
+functions with the precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) set to at least 1 higher
+than is necessary.
+If exact results are \f[I]absolutely\f[] required, users can double the
+precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) and then truncate.
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]s(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]c(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]e(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l2(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l10(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]log(x, b)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]pi(p)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]t(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a2(y, x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]sin(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]cos(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]tan(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]atan(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]atan2(y, x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]r2d(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]d2r(x)\f[]
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all functions returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.PP
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which
+attempts to start executing the statement right after the one that
+caused an error.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most bc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This bc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+The actual values of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] and \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[] can
+be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+bc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[]
+The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the \f[B]rand()\f[] operand.
+Set at \f[B]2^BC_LONG_BIT\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+The actual values can be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]POSIXLY_CORRECT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+the \f[B]\-s\f[] option was given.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to bc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "bc"
+file.bc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), bc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash (\f[B]\\\f[]).
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, using a negative number as a bound for the
+pseudo\-random number generator, attempting to convert a negative number
+to a hardware integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware
+integer, and attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is
+required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]), places (\f[B]\@\f[]), left shift (\f[B]<<\f[]), and
+right shift (\f[B]>>\f[]) operators and their corresponding assignment
+operators.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, using a token
+where it is invalid, giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid
+print statement, giving an invalid function definition, attempting to
+assign to an expression that is not a named expression (see the
+\f[I]Named Expressions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section),
+giving an invalid \f[B]auto\f[] list, having a duplicate
+\f[B]auto\f[]/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code
+block, attempting to return a value from a \f[B]void\f[] function,
+attempting to use a variable as a reference, and using any extensions
+when the option \f[B]\-s\f[] or any equivalents were given.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, passing the wrong number of arguments
+to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and attempting
+to use a \f[B]void\f[] function call as a value in an expression.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (bc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+bc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Per the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the \f[B]COMMAND
+LINE HISTORY\f[] section).
+It is also required to enable special handling for \f[B]SIGINT\f[]
+signals.
+.PP
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If bc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If bc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to bc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause bc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+The one exception is \f[B]SIGHUP\f[]; in that case, when bc(1) is in TTY
+mode, a \f[B]SIGHUP\f[] will cause bc(1) to clean up and exit.
+.SH COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+.PP
+bc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), history is
+enabled.
+Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+.SH LOCALES
+.PP
+This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different
+locales and thus, supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGES\f[].
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+dc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+bc(1) is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+The flags \f[B]\-efghiqsvVw\f[], all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+.PP
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts
+numbers that use a period (\f[B].\f[]) as a radix point, regardless of
+the value of \f[B]LC_NUMERIC\f[].
+.PP
+This bc(1) supports error messages for different locales, and thus, it
+supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGES\f[].
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHORS
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/A.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/E.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/E.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/E.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1341 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "BC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH NAME
+.PP
+bc \- arbitrary\-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]bc\f[] [\f[B]\-ghilPqsvVw\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in
+1991 by POSIX.
+(The current standard is
+here (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).)
+The language provides unlimited precision decimal arithmetic and is
+somewhat C\-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+.PP
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on
+the command line and executes them before reading from \f[B]stdin\f[].
+.PP
+This bc(1) is a drop\-in replacement for \f[I]any\f[] bc(1), including
+(and especially) the GNU bc(1).
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+.PP
+\f[B]\-g\f[], \f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+Turns\ the\ globals\ **ibase**,\ **obase**,\ and\ **scale**\ into\ stacks.
+
+This\ has\ the\ effect\ that\ a\ copy\ of\ the\ current\ value\ of\ all\ three\ are\ pushed
+onto\ a\ stack\ for\ every\ function\ call,\ as\ well\ as\ popped\ when\ every\ function
+returns.\ This\ means\ that\ functions\ can\ assign\ to\ any\ and\ all\ of\ those
+globals\ without\ worrying\ that\ the\ change\ will\ affect\ other\ functions.
+Thus,\ a\ hypothetical\ function\ named\ **output(x,b)**\ that\ simply\ printed
+**x**\ in\ base\ **b**\ could\ be\ written\ like\ this:
+
+\ \ \ \ define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ }
+
+instead\ of\ like\ this:
+
+\ \ \ \ define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ auto\ c
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ c=obase
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=c
+\ \ \ \ }
+
+This\ makes\ writing\ functions\ much\ easier.
+
+However,\ since\ using\ this\ flag\ means\ that\ functions\ cannot\ set\ **ibase**,
+**obase**,\ or\ **scale**\ globally,\ functions\ that\ are\ made\ to\ do\ so\ cannot
+work\ anymore.\ There\ are\ two\ possible\ use\ cases\ for\ that,\ and\ each\ has\ a
+solution.
+
+First,\ if\ a\ function\ is\ called\ on\ startup\ to\ turn\ bc(1)\ into\ a\ number
+converter,\ it\ is\ possible\ to\ replace\ that\ capability\ with\ various\ shell
+aliases.\ Examples:
+
+\ \ \ \ alias\ d2o="bc\ \-e\ ibase=A\ \-e\ obase=8"
+\ \ \ \ alias\ h2b="bc\ \-e\ ibase=G\ \-e\ obase=2"
+
+Second,\ if\ the\ purpose\ of\ a\ function\ is\ to\ set\ **ibase**,\ **obase**,\ or
+**scale**\ globally\ for\ any\ other\ purpose,\ it\ could\ be\ split\ into\ one\ to
+three\ functions\ (based\ on\ how\ many\ globals\ it\ sets)\ and\ each\ of\ those
+functions\ could\ return\ the\ desired\ value\ for\ a\ global.
+
+If\ the\ behavior\ of\ this\ option\ is\ desired\ for\ every\ run\ of\ bc(1),\ then\ users
+could\ make\ sure\ to\ define\ **BC_ENV_ARGS**\ and\ include\ this\ option\ (see\ the
+**ENVIRONMENT\ VARIABLES**\ section\ for\ more\ details).
+
+If\ **\-s**,\ **\-w**,\ or\ any\ equivalents\ are\ used,\ this\ option\ is\ ignored.
+
+This\ is\ a\ **non\-portable\ extension**.
+\f[]
+.fi
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-l\f[], \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]
+Sets \f[B]scale\f[] (see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) to \f[B]20\f[] and
+loads the included math library before running any code, including any
+expressions or files specified on the command line.
+.RS
+.PP
+To learn what is in the library, see the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+Disables the prompt in TTY mode.
+(The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+See the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section) This is mostly for those users that
+do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in bc(1).
+Most of those users would want to put this option in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-q\f[], \f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]
+Do not print copyright header.
+bc(1) will also suppress the header in non\-interactive mode.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is mostly for compatibility with the GNU
+bc(1) (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-\-standard\f[]
+Process exactly the language defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+and error if any extensions are used.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-w\f[], \f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+Like \f[B]\-s\f[] and \f[B]\-\-standard\f[], except that warnings (and
+not errors) are printed for non\-standard extensions and execution
+continues normally.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C\-like, with some differences.
+This bc(1) follows the POSIX
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+which is a much more thorough resource for the language this bc(1)
+accepts.
+This section is meant to be a summary and a listing of all the
+extensions to the standard.
+.PP
+In the sections below, \f[B]E\f[] means expression, \f[B]S\f[] means
+statement, and \f[B]I\f[] means identifier.
+.PP
+Identifiers (\f[B]I\f[]) start with a lowercase letter and can be
+followed by any number (up to \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\-1\f[]) of lowercase
+letters (\f[B]a\-z\f[]), digits (\f[B]0\-9\f[]), and underscores
+(\f[B]_\f[]).
+The regex is \f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[].
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a global variable determining how to interpret
+constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+If the \f[B]\-s\f[] (\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]) and \f[B]\-w\f[]
+(\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]) flags were not given on the command line, the max
+allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]36\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in bc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]maxibase()\f[] built\-in function.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a global variable determining how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxobase()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+Values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a global variable that sets the precision of any operations, with
+exceptions.
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] is \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxscale()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+.PP
+bc(1) has both \f[I]global\f[] variables and \f[I]local\f[] variables.
+All \f[I]local\f[] variables are local to the function; they are
+parameters or are introduced in the \f[B]auto\f[] list of a function
+(see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+If a variable is accessed which is not a parameter or in the
+\f[B]auto\f[] list, it is assumed to be \f[I]global\f[].
+If a parent function has a \f[I]local\f[] variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers \f[I]global\f[], the value of that
+\f[I]global\f[] variable in the child function is the value of the
+variable in the parent function, not the value of the actual
+\f[I]global\f[] variable.
+.PP
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+.PP
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence
+operator is an assignment operator \f[I]and\f[] the expression is
+notsurrounded by parentheses.
+.PP
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable
+\f[B]last\f[].
+A single dot (\f[B].\f[]) may also be used as a synonym for
+\f[B]last\f[].
+These are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+There are two kinds of comments:
+.IP "1." 3
+Block comments are enclosed in \f[B]/*\f[] and \f[B]*/\f[].
+.IP "2." 3
+Line comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next
+newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Named Expressions
+.PP
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+.IP "1." 3
+Variables: \f[B]I\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+Array Elements: \f[B]I[E]\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]ibase\f[]
+.IP "4." 3
+\f[B]obase\f[]
+.IP "5." 3
+\f[B]scale\f[]
+.IP "6." 3
+\f[B]last\f[] or a single dot (\f[B].\f[])
+.PP
+Number 6 is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the
+same as variables.
+This also applies to functions (see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section), so
+a user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same
+name, and they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions
+or not.
+.PP
+Named expressions are required as the operand of
+\f[B]increment\f[]/\f[B]decrement\f[] operators and as the left side of
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators (see the \f[I]Operators\f[] subsection).
+.SS Operands
+.PP
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+.IP " 1." 4
+Numbers (see the \f[I]Numbers\f[] subsection below).
+.IP " 2." 4
+Array indices (\f[B]I[E]\f[]).
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B](E)\f[]: The value of \f[B]E\f[] (used to change precedence).
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]sqrt(E)\f[]: The square root of \f[B]E\f[].
+\f[B]E\f[] must be non\-negative.
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]length(E)\f[]: The number of significant decimal digits in
+\f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]length(I[])\f[]: The number of elements in the array \f[B]I\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 7." 4
+\f[B]scale(E)\f[]: The \f[I]scale\f[] of \f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]abs(E)\f[]: The absolute value of \f[B]E\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a non\-\f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]read()\f[]: Reads a line from \f[B]stdin\f[] and uses that as an
+expression.
+The result of that expression is the result of the \f[B]read()\f[]
+operand.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]maxibase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]ibase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]maxobase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]obase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "13." 4
+\f[B]maxscale()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]scale\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Numbers
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most
+\f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]Z\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]35\f[].
+.SS Operators
+.PP
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used.
+They are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+Operators in the same group have the same precedence.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+Type: Prefix and Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]increment\f[], \f[B]decrement\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[] \f[B]!\f[]
+Type: Prefix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]negation\f[], \f[B]boolean not\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]power\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[] \f[B]/\f[] \f[B]%\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]multiply\f[], \f[B]divide\f[], \f[B]modulus\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[] \f[B]\-\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]add\f[], \f[B]subtract\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]assignment\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]relational\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean and\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean or\f[]
+.RE
+.PP
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+The prefix and postfix \f[B]increment\f[] and \f[B]decrement\f[]
+operators behave exactly like they would in C.
+They require a named expression (see the \f[I]Named Expressions\f[]
+subsection) as an operand.
+.RS
+.PP
+The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them
+where possible.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]negation\f[] operator returns \f[B]0\f[] if a user attempts to
+negate any expression with the value \f[B]0\f[].
+Otherwise, a copy of the expression with its sign flipped is returned.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean not\f[] operator returns \f[B]1\f[] if the expression
+is \f[B]0\f[], or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The \f[B]power\f[] operator (not the \f[B]exclusive or\f[] operator, as
+it would be in C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the
+power of the value of the second.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]), and if it
+is negative, the first value must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The \f[B]multiply\f[] operator takes two expressions, multiplies them,
+and returns the product.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The \f[B]divide\f[] operator takes two expressions, divides them, and
+returns the quotient.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result shall be the value of \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The \f[B]modulus\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and evaluates them by 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[] and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The \f[B]add\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the sum, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the max
+of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]subtract\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the difference, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to
+the max of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[]
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators take two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[] where \f[B]a\f[] is a named expression (see the \f[I]Named
+Expressions\f[] subsection).
+.RS
+.PP
+For \f[B]=\f[], \f[B]b\f[] is copied and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+For all others, \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[] are applied as operands to the
+corresponding arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+The \f[B]relational\f[] operators compare two expressions, \f[B]a\f[]
+and \f[B]b\f[], and if the relation holds, according to C language
+semantics, the result is \f[B]1\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators, which means that \f[B]a=b>c\f[] is
+interpreted as \f[B](a=b)>c\f[].
+.PP
+Also, unlike the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+requires, these operators can appear anywhere any other expressions can
+be used.
+This allowance is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean and\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if both expressions are non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean or\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if one of the expressions is non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Statements
+.PP
+The following items are statements:
+.IP " 1." 4
+\f[B]E\f[]
+.IP " 2." 4
+\f[B]{\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B];\f[] ...
+\f[B];\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]}\f[]
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]else\f[]
+\f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]while\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]for\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[]
+\f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 7." 4
+An empty statement
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]break\f[]
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]continue\f[]
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]quit\f[]
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]halt\f[]
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]limits\f[]
+.IP "13." 4
+A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]print\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B],\f[] ...
+\f[B],\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.PP
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Also, as a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], any or all of the
+expressions in the header of a for loop may be omitted.
+If the condition (second expression) is omitted, it is assumed to be a
+constant \f[B]1\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]break\f[] statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume
+execution immediately following a loop.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]continue\f[] statement causes a loop iteration to stop early
+and returns to the start of the loop, including testing the loop
+condition.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]if\f[] \f[B]else\f[] statement does the same thing as in C.
+.PP
+The \f[B]quit\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a
+branch that will not be executed (it is a compile\-time command).
+.PP
+The \f[B]halt\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed.
+(Unlike \f[B]quit\f[] if it is on a branch of an \f[B]if\f[] statement
+that is not executed, bc(1) does not quit.)
+.PP
+The \f[B]limits\f[] statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is
+subject to.
+This is like the \f[B]quit\f[] statement in that it is a compile\-time
+command.
+.PP
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+.SS Print Statement
+.PP
+The "expressions" in a \f[B]print\f[] statement may also be strings.
+If they are, there are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted
+specially.
+What those sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown
+below:
+.PP
+.TS
+tab(@);
+l l.
+T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\\\\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\e\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\q\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]"\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}
+.TE
+.PP
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and
+character to be printed as\-is.
+.PP
+Any non\-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to
+\f[B]last\f[], like any other expression that is printed.
+.SS Order of Evaluation
+.PP
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as
+necessary to maintain order of operations.
+This means, for example, assuming that \f[B]i\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0\f[], in the expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+a[i++]\ =\ i++
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first (or 0th) element of \f[B]a\f[] is set to \f[B]1\f[], and
+\f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] at the end of the expression.
+.PP
+This includes function arguments.
+Thus, assuming \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], this means that in the
+expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+x(i++,\ i++)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first argument passed to \f[B]x()\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], and the second
+argument is \f[B]1\f[], while \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] before
+the function starts executing.
+.SH FUNCTIONS
+.PP
+Function definitions are as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return(E)
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list or \f[B]auto\f[] list may be
+replaced with \f[B]I[]\f[] to make a parameter or \f[B]auto\f[] var an
+array, and any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list may be replaced with
+\f[B]*I[]\f[] to make a parameter an array reference.
+Callers of functions that take array references should not put an
+asterisk in the call; they must be called with just \f[B]I[]\f[] like
+normal array parameters and will be automatically converted into
+references.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the opening brace of a
+\f[B]define\f[] statement may appear on the next line.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the return statement may also be
+in one of the following forms:
+.IP "1." 3
+\f[B]return\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B])\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.PP
+The first two, or not specifying a \f[B]return\f[] statement, is
+equivalent to \f[B]return (0)\f[], unless the function is a
+\f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection
+below).
+.SS Void Functions
+.PP
+Functions can also be \f[B]void\f[] functions, defined as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an
+expression would be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+.PP
+Void functions can only use the first two \f[B]return\f[] statements
+listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+.PP
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to
+have variables, arrays, and functions named \f[B]void\f[].
+The word "void" is only treated specially right after the
+\f[B]define\f[] keyword.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Array References
+.PP
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the
+form
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+*I[]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+it is a \f[B]reference\f[].
+Any changes to the array in the function are reflected, when the
+function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+.PP
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH LIBRARY
+.PP
+All of the functions below are available when the \f[B]\-l\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[] command\-line flags are given.
+.SS Standard Library
+.PP
+The
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+defines the following functions for the math library:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l(x)\f[]
+Returns the natural logarithm of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]e(x)\f[]
+Returns the mathematical constant \f[B]e\f[] raised to the power of
+\f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+Returns the bessel integer order \f[B]n\f[] (truncated) of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.SS Transcendental Functions
+.PP
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up
+to 1 ULP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place)).
+This is unavoidable, and this
+article (https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT) explains
+why it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the
+transcendental functions.
+.PP
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those
+functions with the precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) set to at least 1 higher
+than is necessary.
+If exact results are \f[I]absolutely\f[] required, users can double the
+precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) and then truncate.
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]s(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]c(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]e(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all functions returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.PP
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which
+attempts to start executing the statement right after the one that
+caused an error.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most bc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This bc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+The actual values of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] and \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[] can
+be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+bc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+The actual values can be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]POSIXLY_CORRECT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+the \f[B]\-s\f[] option was given.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to bc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "bc"
+file.bc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), bc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash (\f[B]\\\f[]).
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware
+integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and
+attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]) operator and the corresponding assignment operator.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, using a token
+where it is invalid, giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid
+print statement, giving an invalid function definition, attempting to
+assign to an expression that is not a named expression (see the
+\f[I]Named Expressions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section),
+giving an invalid \f[B]auto\f[] list, having a duplicate
+\f[B]auto\f[]/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code
+block, attempting to return a value from a \f[B]void\f[] function,
+attempting to use a variable as a reference, and using any extensions
+when the option \f[B]\-s\f[] or any equivalents were given.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, passing the wrong number of arguments
+to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and attempting
+to use a \f[B]void\f[] function call as a value in an expression.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (bc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+bc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Per the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the \f[B]COMMAND
+LINE HISTORY\f[] section).
+It is also required to enable special handling for \f[B]SIGINT\f[]
+signals.
+.PP
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If bc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If bc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to bc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause bc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+The one exception is \f[B]SIGHUP\f[]; in that case, when bc(1) is in TTY
+mode, a \f[B]SIGHUP\f[] will cause bc(1) to clean up and exit.
+.SH COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+.PP
+bc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), history is
+enabled.
+Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+.SH LOCALES
+.PP
+This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different
+locales and thus, supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGES\f[].
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+dc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+bc(1) is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+The flags \f[B]\-efghiqsvVw\f[], all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+.PP
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts
+numbers that use a period (\f[B].\f[]) as a radix point, regardless of
+the value of \f[B]LC_NUMERIC\f[].
+.PP
+This bc(1) supports error messages for different locales, and thus, it
+supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGES\f[].
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHORS
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/E.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EH.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EH.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EH.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1323 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "BC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH NAME
+.PP
+bc \- arbitrary\-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]bc\f[] [\f[B]\-ghilPqsvVw\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in
+1991 by POSIX.
+(The current standard is
+here (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).)
+The language provides unlimited precision decimal arithmetic and is
+somewhat C\-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+.PP
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on
+the command line and executes them before reading from \f[B]stdin\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+.PP
+\f[B]\-g\f[], \f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+Turns\ the\ globals\ **ibase**,\ **obase**,\ and\ **scale**\ into\ stacks.
+
+This\ has\ the\ effect\ that\ a\ copy\ of\ the\ current\ value\ of\ all\ three\ are\ pushed
+onto\ a\ stack\ for\ every\ function\ call,\ as\ well\ as\ popped\ when\ every\ function
+returns.\ This\ means\ that\ functions\ can\ assign\ to\ any\ and\ all\ of\ those
+globals\ without\ worrying\ that\ the\ change\ will\ affect\ other\ functions.
+Thus,\ a\ hypothetical\ function\ named\ **output(x,b)**\ that\ simply\ printed
+**x**\ in\ base\ **b**\ could\ be\ written\ like\ this:
+
+\ \ \ \ define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ }
+
+instead\ of\ like\ this:
+
+\ \ \ \ define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ auto\ c
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ c=obase
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=c
+\ \ \ \ }
+
+This\ makes\ writing\ functions\ much\ easier.
+
+However,\ since\ using\ this\ flag\ means\ that\ functions\ cannot\ set\ **ibase**,
+**obase**,\ or\ **scale**\ globally,\ functions\ that\ are\ made\ to\ do\ so\ cannot
+work\ anymore.\ There\ are\ two\ possible\ use\ cases\ for\ that,\ and\ each\ has\ a
+solution.
+
+First,\ if\ a\ function\ is\ called\ on\ startup\ to\ turn\ bc(1)\ into\ a\ number
+converter,\ it\ is\ possible\ to\ replace\ that\ capability\ with\ various\ shell
+aliases.\ Examples:
+
+\ \ \ \ alias\ d2o="bc\ \-e\ ibase=A\ \-e\ obase=8"
+\ \ \ \ alias\ h2b="bc\ \-e\ ibase=G\ \-e\ obase=2"
+
+Second,\ if\ the\ purpose\ of\ a\ function\ is\ to\ set\ **ibase**,\ **obase**,\ or
+**scale**\ globally\ for\ any\ other\ purpose,\ it\ could\ be\ split\ into\ one\ to
+three\ functions\ (based\ on\ how\ many\ globals\ it\ sets)\ and\ each\ of\ those
+functions\ could\ return\ the\ desired\ value\ for\ a\ global.
+
+If\ the\ behavior\ of\ this\ option\ is\ desired\ for\ every\ run\ of\ bc(1),\ then\ users
+could\ make\ sure\ to\ define\ **BC_ENV_ARGS**\ and\ include\ this\ option\ (see\ the
+**ENVIRONMENT\ VARIABLES**\ section\ for\ more\ details).
+
+If\ **\-s**,\ **\-w**,\ or\ any\ equivalents\ are\ used,\ this\ option\ is\ ignored.
+
+This\ is\ a\ **non\-portable\ extension**.
+\f[]
+.fi
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-l\f[], \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]
+Sets \f[B]scale\f[] (see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) to \f[B]20\f[] and
+loads the included math library before running any code, including any
+expressions or files specified on the command line.
+.RS
+.PP
+To learn what is in the library, see the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+Disables the prompt in TTY mode.
+(The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+See the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section) This is mostly for those users that
+do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in bc(1).
+Most of those users would want to put this option in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-q\f[], \f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]
+Do not print copyright header.
+bc(1) will also suppress the header in non\-interactive mode.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is mostly for compatibility with the GNU
+bc(1) (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-\-standard\f[]
+Process exactly the language defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+and error if any extensions are used.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-w\f[], \f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+Like \f[B]\-s\f[] and \f[B]\-\-standard\f[], except that warnings (and
+not errors) are printed for non\-standard extensions and execution
+continues normally.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C\-like, with some differences.
+This bc(1) follows the POSIX
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+which is a much more thorough resource for the language this bc(1)
+accepts.
+This section is meant to be a summary and a listing of all the
+extensions to the standard.
+.PP
+In the sections below, \f[B]E\f[] means expression, \f[B]S\f[] means
+statement, and \f[B]I\f[] means identifier.
+.PP
+Identifiers (\f[B]I\f[]) start with a lowercase letter and can be
+followed by any number (up to \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\-1\f[]) of lowercase
+letters (\f[B]a\-z\f[]), digits (\f[B]0\-9\f[]), and underscores
+(\f[B]_\f[]).
+The regex is \f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[].
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a global variable determining how to interpret
+constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+If the \f[B]\-s\f[] (\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]) and \f[B]\-w\f[]
+(\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]) flags were not given on the command line, the max
+allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]36\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in bc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]maxibase()\f[] built\-in function.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a global variable determining how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxobase()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+Values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a global variable that sets the precision of any operations, with
+exceptions.
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] is \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxscale()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+.PP
+bc(1) has both \f[I]global\f[] variables and \f[I]local\f[] variables.
+All \f[I]local\f[] variables are local to the function; they are
+parameters or are introduced in the \f[B]auto\f[] list of a function
+(see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+If a variable is accessed which is not a parameter or in the
+\f[B]auto\f[] list, it is assumed to be \f[I]global\f[].
+If a parent function has a \f[I]local\f[] variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers \f[I]global\f[], the value of that
+\f[I]global\f[] variable in the child function is the value of the
+variable in the parent function, not the value of the actual
+\f[I]global\f[] variable.
+.PP
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+.PP
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence
+operator is an assignment operator \f[I]and\f[] the expression is
+notsurrounded by parentheses.
+.PP
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable
+\f[B]last\f[].
+A single dot (\f[B].\f[]) may also be used as a synonym for
+\f[B]last\f[].
+These are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+There are two kinds of comments:
+.IP "1." 3
+Block comments are enclosed in \f[B]/*\f[] and \f[B]*/\f[].
+.IP "2." 3
+Line comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next
+newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Named Expressions
+.PP
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+.IP "1." 3
+Variables: \f[B]I\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+Array Elements: \f[B]I[E]\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]ibase\f[]
+.IP "4." 3
+\f[B]obase\f[]
+.IP "5." 3
+\f[B]scale\f[]
+.IP "6." 3
+\f[B]last\f[] or a single dot (\f[B].\f[])
+.PP
+Number 6 is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the
+same as variables.
+This also applies to functions (see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section), so
+a user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same
+name, and they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions
+or not.
+.PP
+Named expressions are required as the operand of
+\f[B]increment\f[]/\f[B]decrement\f[] operators and as the left side of
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators (see the \f[I]Operators\f[] subsection).
+.SS Operands
+.PP
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+.IP " 1." 4
+Numbers (see the \f[I]Numbers\f[] subsection below).
+.IP " 2." 4
+Array indices (\f[B]I[E]\f[]).
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B](E)\f[]: The value of \f[B]E\f[] (used to change precedence).
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]sqrt(E)\f[]: The square root of \f[B]E\f[].
+\f[B]E\f[] must be non\-negative.
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]length(E)\f[]: The number of significant decimal digits in
+\f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]length(I[])\f[]: The number of elements in the array \f[B]I\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 7." 4
+\f[B]scale(E)\f[]: The \f[I]scale\f[] of \f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]abs(E)\f[]: The absolute value of \f[B]E\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a non\-\f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]read()\f[]: Reads a line from \f[B]stdin\f[] and uses that as an
+expression.
+The result of that expression is the result of the \f[B]read()\f[]
+operand.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]maxibase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]ibase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]maxobase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]obase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "13." 4
+\f[B]maxscale()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]scale\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Numbers
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most
+\f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]Z\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]35\f[].
+.SS Operators
+.PP
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used.
+They are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+Operators in the same group have the same precedence.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+Type: Prefix and Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]increment\f[], \f[B]decrement\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[] \f[B]!\f[]
+Type: Prefix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]negation\f[], \f[B]boolean not\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]power\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[] \f[B]/\f[] \f[B]%\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]multiply\f[], \f[B]divide\f[], \f[B]modulus\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[] \f[B]\-\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]add\f[], \f[B]subtract\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]assignment\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]relational\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean and\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean or\f[]
+.RE
+.PP
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+The prefix and postfix \f[B]increment\f[] and \f[B]decrement\f[]
+operators behave exactly like they would in C.
+They require a named expression (see the \f[I]Named Expressions\f[]
+subsection) as an operand.
+.RS
+.PP
+The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them
+where possible.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]negation\f[] operator returns \f[B]0\f[] if a user attempts to
+negate any expression with the value \f[B]0\f[].
+Otherwise, a copy of the expression with its sign flipped is returned.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean not\f[] operator returns \f[B]1\f[] if the expression
+is \f[B]0\f[], or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The \f[B]power\f[] operator (not the \f[B]exclusive or\f[] operator, as
+it would be in C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the
+power of the value of the second.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]), and if it
+is negative, the first value must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The \f[B]multiply\f[] operator takes two expressions, multiplies them,
+and returns the product.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The \f[B]divide\f[] operator takes two expressions, divides them, and
+returns the quotient.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result shall be the value of \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The \f[B]modulus\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and evaluates them by 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[] and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The \f[B]add\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the sum, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the max
+of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]subtract\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the difference, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to
+the max of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[]
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators take two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[] where \f[B]a\f[] is a named expression (see the \f[I]Named
+Expressions\f[] subsection).
+.RS
+.PP
+For \f[B]=\f[], \f[B]b\f[] is copied and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+For all others, \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[] are applied as operands to the
+corresponding arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+The \f[B]relational\f[] operators compare two expressions, \f[B]a\f[]
+and \f[B]b\f[], and if the relation holds, according to C language
+semantics, the result is \f[B]1\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators, which means that \f[B]a=b>c\f[] is
+interpreted as \f[B](a=b)>c\f[].
+.PP
+Also, unlike the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+requires, these operators can appear anywhere any other expressions can
+be used.
+This allowance is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean and\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if both expressions are non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean or\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if one of the expressions is non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Statements
+.PP
+The following items are statements:
+.IP " 1." 4
+\f[B]E\f[]
+.IP " 2." 4
+\f[B]{\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B];\f[] ...
+\f[B];\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]}\f[]
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]else\f[]
+\f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]while\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]for\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[]
+\f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 7." 4
+An empty statement
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]break\f[]
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]continue\f[]
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]quit\f[]
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]halt\f[]
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]limits\f[]
+.IP "13." 4
+A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]print\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B],\f[] ...
+\f[B],\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.PP
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Also, as a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], any or all of the
+expressions in the header of a for loop may be omitted.
+If the condition (second expression) is omitted, it is assumed to be a
+constant \f[B]1\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]break\f[] statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume
+execution immediately following a loop.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]continue\f[] statement causes a loop iteration to stop early
+and returns to the start of the loop, including testing the loop
+condition.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]if\f[] \f[B]else\f[] statement does the same thing as in C.
+.PP
+The \f[B]quit\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a
+branch that will not be executed (it is a compile\-time command).
+.PP
+The \f[B]halt\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed.
+(Unlike \f[B]quit\f[] if it is on a branch of an \f[B]if\f[] statement
+that is not executed, bc(1) does not quit.)
+.PP
+The \f[B]limits\f[] statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is
+subject to.
+This is like the \f[B]quit\f[] statement in that it is a compile\-time
+command.
+.PP
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+.SS Print Statement
+.PP
+The "expressions" in a \f[B]print\f[] statement may also be strings.
+If they are, there are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted
+specially.
+What those sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown
+below:
+.PP
+.TS
+tab(@);
+l l.
+T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\\\\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\e\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\q\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]"\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}
+.TE
+.PP
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and
+character to be printed as\-is.
+.PP
+Any non\-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to
+\f[B]last\f[], like any other expression that is printed.
+.SS Order of Evaluation
+.PP
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as
+necessary to maintain order of operations.
+This means, for example, assuming that \f[B]i\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0\f[], in the expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+a[i++]\ =\ i++
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first (or 0th) element of \f[B]a\f[] is set to \f[B]1\f[], and
+\f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] at the end of the expression.
+.PP
+This includes function arguments.
+Thus, assuming \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], this means that in the
+expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+x(i++,\ i++)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first argument passed to \f[B]x()\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], and the second
+argument is \f[B]1\f[], while \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] before
+the function starts executing.
+.SH FUNCTIONS
+.PP
+Function definitions are as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return(E)
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list or \f[B]auto\f[] list may be
+replaced with \f[B]I[]\f[] to make a parameter or \f[B]auto\f[] var an
+array, and any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list may be replaced with
+\f[B]*I[]\f[] to make a parameter an array reference.
+Callers of functions that take array references should not put an
+asterisk in the call; they must be called with just \f[B]I[]\f[] like
+normal array parameters and will be automatically converted into
+references.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the opening brace of a
+\f[B]define\f[] statement may appear on the next line.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the return statement may also be
+in one of the following forms:
+.IP "1." 3
+\f[B]return\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B])\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.PP
+The first two, or not specifying a \f[B]return\f[] statement, is
+equivalent to \f[B]return (0)\f[], unless the function is a
+\f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection
+below).
+.SS Void Functions
+.PP
+Functions can also be \f[B]void\f[] functions, defined as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an
+expression would be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+.PP
+Void functions can only use the first two \f[B]return\f[] statements
+listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+.PP
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to
+have variables, arrays, and functions named \f[B]void\f[].
+The word "void" is only treated specially right after the
+\f[B]define\f[] keyword.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Array References
+.PP
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the
+form
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+*I[]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+it is a \f[B]reference\f[].
+Any changes to the array in the function are reflected, when the
+function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+.PP
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH LIBRARY
+.PP
+All of the functions below are available when the \f[B]\-l\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[] command\-line flags are given.
+.SS Standard Library
+.PP
+The
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+defines the following functions for the math library:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l(x)\f[]
+Returns the natural logarithm of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]e(x)\f[]
+Returns the mathematical constant \f[B]e\f[] raised to the power of
+\f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+Returns the bessel integer order \f[B]n\f[] (truncated) of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.SS Transcendental Functions
+.PP
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up
+to 1 ULP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place)).
+This is unavoidable, and this
+article (https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT) explains
+why it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the
+transcendental functions.
+.PP
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those
+functions with the precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) set to at least 1 higher
+than is necessary.
+If exact results are \f[I]absolutely\f[] required, users can double the
+precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) and then truncate.
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]s(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]c(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]e(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all functions returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.PP
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which
+attempts to start executing the statement right after the one that
+caused an error.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most bc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This bc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+The actual values of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] and \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[] can
+be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+bc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+The actual values can be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]POSIXLY_CORRECT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+the \f[B]\-s\f[] option was given.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to bc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "bc"
+file.bc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), bc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash (\f[B]\\\f[]).
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware
+integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and
+attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]) operator and the corresponding assignment operator.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, using a token
+where it is invalid, giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid
+print statement, giving an invalid function definition, attempting to
+assign to an expression that is not a named expression (see the
+\f[I]Named Expressions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section),
+giving an invalid \f[B]auto\f[] list, having a duplicate
+\f[B]auto\f[]/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code
+block, attempting to return a value from a \f[B]void\f[] function,
+attempting to use a variable as a reference, and using any extensions
+when the option \f[B]\-s\f[] or any equivalents were given.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, passing the wrong number of arguments
+to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and attempting
+to use a \f[B]void\f[] function call as a value in an expression.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (bc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+bc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Per the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If bc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If bc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to bc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause bc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+.SH LOCALES
+.PP
+This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different
+locales and thus, supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGES\f[].
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+dc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+bc(1) is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+The flags \f[B]\-efghiqsvVw\f[], all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+.PP
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts
+numbers that use a period (\f[B].\f[]) as a radix point, regardless of
+the value of \f[B]LC_NUMERIC\f[].
+.PP
+This bc(1) supports error messages for different locales, and thus, it
+supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGES\f[].
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHORS
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EH.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHN.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHN.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHN.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1316 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "BC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH NAME
+.PP
+bc \- arbitrary\-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]bc\f[] [\f[B]\-ghilPqsvVw\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in
+1991 by POSIX.
+(The current standard is
+here (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).)
+The language provides unlimited precision decimal arithmetic and is
+somewhat C\-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+.PP
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on
+the command line and executes them before reading from \f[B]stdin\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+.PP
+\f[B]\-g\f[], \f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+Turns\ the\ globals\ **ibase**,\ **obase**,\ and\ **scale**\ into\ stacks.
+
+This\ has\ the\ effect\ that\ a\ copy\ of\ the\ current\ value\ of\ all\ three\ are\ pushed
+onto\ a\ stack\ for\ every\ function\ call,\ as\ well\ as\ popped\ when\ every\ function
+returns.\ This\ means\ that\ functions\ can\ assign\ to\ any\ and\ all\ of\ those
+globals\ without\ worrying\ that\ the\ change\ will\ affect\ other\ functions.
+Thus,\ a\ hypothetical\ function\ named\ **output(x,b)**\ that\ simply\ printed
+**x**\ in\ base\ **b**\ could\ be\ written\ like\ this:
+
+\ \ \ \ define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ }
+
+instead\ of\ like\ this:
+
+\ \ \ \ define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ auto\ c
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ c=obase
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=c
+\ \ \ \ }
+
+This\ makes\ writing\ functions\ much\ easier.
+
+However,\ since\ using\ this\ flag\ means\ that\ functions\ cannot\ set\ **ibase**,
+**obase**,\ or\ **scale**\ globally,\ functions\ that\ are\ made\ to\ do\ so\ cannot
+work\ anymore.\ There\ are\ two\ possible\ use\ cases\ for\ that,\ and\ each\ has\ a
+solution.
+
+First,\ if\ a\ function\ is\ called\ on\ startup\ to\ turn\ bc(1)\ into\ a\ number
+converter,\ it\ is\ possible\ to\ replace\ that\ capability\ with\ various\ shell
+aliases.\ Examples:
+
+\ \ \ \ alias\ d2o="bc\ \-e\ ibase=A\ \-e\ obase=8"
+\ \ \ \ alias\ h2b="bc\ \-e\ ibase=G\ \-e\ obase=2"
+
+Second,\ if\ the\ purpose\ of\ a\ function\ is\ to\ set\ **ibase**,\ **obase**,\ or
+**scale**\ globally\ for\ any\ other\ purpose,\ it\ could\ be\ split\ into\ one\ to
+three\ functions\ (based\ on\ how\ many\ globals\ it\ sets)\ and\ each\ of\ those
+functions\ could\ return\ the\ desired\ value\ for\ a\ global.
+
+If\ the\ behavior\ of\ this\ option\ is\ desired\ for\ every\ run\ of\ bc(1),\ then\ users
+could\ make\ sure\ to\ define\ **BC_ENV_ARGS**\ and\ include\ this\ option\ (see\ the
+**ENVIRONMENT\ VARIABLES**\ section\ for\ more\ details).
+
+If\ **\-s**,\ **\-w**,\ or\ any\ equivalents\ are\ used,\ this\ option\ is\ ignored.
+
+This\ is\ a\ **non\-portable\ extension**.
+\f[]
+.fi
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-l\f[], \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]
+Sets \f[B]scale\f[] (see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) to \f[B]20\f[] and
+loads the included math library before running any code, including any
+expressions or files specified on the command line.
+.RS
+.PP
+To learn what is in the library, see the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+Disables the prompt in TTY mode.
+(The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+See the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section) This is mostly for those users that
+do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in bc(1).
+Most of those users would want to put this option in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-q\f[], \f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]
+Do not print copyright header.
+bc(1) will also suppress the header in non\-interactive mode.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is mostly for compatibility with the GNU
+bc(1) (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-\-standard\f[]
+Process exactly the language defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+and error if any extensions are used.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-w\f[], \f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+Like \f[B]\-s\f[] and \f[B]\-\-standard\f[], except that warnings (and
+not errors) are printed for non\-standard extensions and execution
+continues normally.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C\-like, with some differences.
+This bc(1) follows the POSIX
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+which is a much more thorough resource for the language this bc(1)
+accepts.
+This section is meant to be a summary and a listing of all the
+extensions to the standard.
+.PP
+In the sections below, \f[B]E\f[] means expression, \f[B]S\f[] means
+statement, and \f[B]I\f[] means identifier.
+.PP
+Identifiers (\f[B]I\f[]) start with a lowercase letter and can be
+followed by any number (up to \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\-1\f[]) of lowercase
+letters (\f[B]a\-z\f[]), digits (\f[B]0\-9\f[]), and underscores
+(\f[B]_\f[]).
+The regex is \f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[].
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a global variable determining how to interpret
+constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+If the \f[B]\-s\f[] (\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]) and \f[B]\-w\f[]
+(\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]) flags were not given on the command line, the max
+allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]36\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in bc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]maxibase()\f[] built\-in function.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a global variable determining how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxobase()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+Values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a global variable that sets the precision of any operations, with
+exceptions.
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] is \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxscale()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+.PP
+bc(1) has both \f[I]global\f[] variables and \f[I]local\f[] variables.
+All \f[I]local\f[] variables are local to the function; they are
+parameters or are introduced in the \f[B]auto\f[] list of a function
+(see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+If a variable is accessed which is not a parameter or in the
+\f[B]auto\f[] list, it is assumed to be \f[I]global\f[].
+If a parent function has a \f[I]local\f[] variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers \f[I]global\f[], the value of that
+\f[I]global\f[] variable in the child function is the value of the
+variable in the parent function, not the value of the actual
+\f[I]global\f[] variable.
+.PP
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+.PP
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence
+operator is an assignment operator \f[I]and\f[] the expression is
+notsurrounded by parentheses.
+.PP
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable
+\f[B]last\f[].
+A single dot (\f[B].\f[]) may also be used as a synonym for
+\f[B]last\f[].
+These are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+There are two kinds of comments:
+.IP "1." 3
+Block comments are enclosed in \f[B]/*\f[] and \f[B]*/\f[].
+.IP "2." 3
+Line comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next
+newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Named Expressions
+.PP
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+.IP "1." 3
+Variables: \f[B]I\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+Array Elements: \f[B]I[E]\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]ibase\f[]
+.IP "4." 3
+\f[B]obase\f[]
+.IP "5." 3
+\f[B]scale\f[]
+.IP "6." 3
+\f[B]last\f[] or a single dot (\f[B].\f[])
+.PP
+Number 6 is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the
+same as variables.
+This also applies to functions (see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section), so
+a user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same
+name, and they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions
+or not.
+.PP
+Named expressions are required as the operand of
+\f[B]increment\f[]/\f[B]decrement\f[] operators and as the left side of
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators (see the \f[I]Operators\f[] subsection).
+.SS Operands
+.PP
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+.IP " 1." 4
+Numbers (see the \f[I]Numbers\f[] subsection below).
+.IP " 2." 4
+Array indices (\f[B]I[E]\f[]).
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B](E)\f[]: The value of \f[B]E\f[] (used to change precedence).
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]sqrt(E)\f[]: The square root of \f[B]E\f[].
+\f[B]E\f[] must be non\-negative.
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]length(E)\f[]: The number of significant decimal digits in
+\f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]length(I[])\f[]: The number of elements in the array \f[B]I\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 7." 4
+\f[B]scale(E)\f[]: The \f[I]scale\f[] of \f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]abs(E)\f[]: The absolute value of \f[B]E\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a non\-\f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]read()\f[]: Reads a line from \f[B]stdin\f[] and uses that as an
+expression.
+The result of that expression is the result of the \f[B]read()\f[]
+operand.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]maxibase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]ibase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]maxobase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]obase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "13." 4
+\f[B]maxscale()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]scale\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Numbers
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most
+\f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]Z\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]35\f[].
+.SS Operators
+.PP
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used.
+They are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+Operators in the same group have the same precedence.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+Type: Prefix and Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]increment\f[], \f[B]decrement\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[] \f[B]!\f[]
+Type: Prefix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]negation\f[], \f[B]boolean not\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]power\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[] \f[B]/\f[] \f[B]%\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]multiply\f[], \f[B]divide\f[], \f[B]modulus\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[] \f[B]\-\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]add\f[], \f[B]subtract\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]assignment\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]relational\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean and\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean or\f[]
+.RE
+.PP
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+The prefix and postfix \f[B]increment\f[] and \f[B]decrement\f[]
+operators behave exactly like they would in C.
+They require a named expression (see the \f[I]Named Expressions\f[]
+subsection) as an operand.
+.RS
+.PP
+The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them
+where possible.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]negation\f[] operator returns \f[B]0\f[] if a user attempts to
+negate any expression with the value \f[B]0\f[].
+Otherwise, a copy of the expression with its sign flipped is returned.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean not\f[] operator returns \f[B]1\f[] if the expression
+is \f[B]0\f[], or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The \f[B]power\f[] operator (not the \f[B]exclusive or\f[] operator, as
+it would be in C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the
+power of the value of the second.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]), and if it
+is negative, the first value must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The \f[B]multiply\f[] operator takes two expressions, multiplies them,
+and returns the product.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The \f[B]divide\f[] operator takes two expressions, divides them, and
+returns the quotient.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result shall be the value of \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The \f[B]modulus\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and evaluates them by 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[] and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The \f[B]add\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the sum, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the max
+of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]subtract\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the difference, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to
+the max of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[]
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators take two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[] where \f[B]a\f[] is a named expression (see the \f[I]Named
+Expressions\f[] subsection).
+.RS
+.PP
+For \f[B]=\f[], \f[B]b\f[] is copied and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+For all others, \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[] are applied as operands to the
+corresponding arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+The \f[B]relational\f[] operators compare two expressions, \f[B]a\f[]
+and \f[B]b\f[], and if the relation holds, according to C language
+semantics, the result is \f[B]1\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators, which means that \f[B]a=b>c\f[] is
+interpreted as \f[B](a=b)>c\f[].
+.PP
+Also, unlike the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+requires, these operators can appear anywhere any other expressions can
+be used.
+This allowance is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean and\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if both expressions are non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean or\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if one of the expressions is non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Statements
+.PP
+The following items are statements:
+.IP " 1." 4
+\f[B]E\f[]
+.IP " 2." 4
+\f[B]{\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B];\f[] ...
+\f[B];\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]}\f[]
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]else\f[]
+\f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]while\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]for\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[]
+\f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 7." 4
+An empty statement
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]break\f[]
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]continue\f[]
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]quit\f[]
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]halt\f[]
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]limits\f[]
+.IP "13." 4
+A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]print\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B],\f[] ...
+\f[B],\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.PP
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Also, as a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], any or all of the
+expressions in the header of a for loop may be omitted.
+If the condition (second expression) is omitted, it is assumed to be a
+constant \f[B]1\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]break\f[] statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume
+execution immediately following a loop.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]continue\f[] statement causes a loop iteration to stop early
+and returns to the start of the loop, including testing the loop
+condition.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]if\f[] \f[B]else\f[] statement does the same thing as in C.
+.PP
+The \f[B]quit\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a
+branch that will not be executed (it is a compile\-time command).
+.PP
+The \f[B]halt\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed.
+(Unlike \f[B]quit\f[] if it is on a branch of an \f[B]if\f[] statement
+that is not executed, bc(1) does not quit.)
+.PP
+The \f[B]limits\f[] statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is
+subject to.
+This is like the \f[B]quit\f[] statement in that it is a compile\-time
+command.
+.PP
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+.SS Print Statement
+.PP
+The "expressions" in a \f[B]print\f[] statement may also be strings.
+If they are, there are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted
+specially.
+What those sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown
+below:
+.PP
+.TS
+tab(@);
+l l.
+T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\\\\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\e\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\q\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]"\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}
+.TE
+.PP
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and
+character to be printed as\-is.
+.PP
+Any non\-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to
+\f[B]last\f[], like any other expression that is printed.
+.SS Order of Evaluation
+.PP
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as
+necessary to maintain order of operations.
+This means, for example, assuming that \f[B]i\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0\f[], in the expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+a[i++]\ =\ i++
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first (or 0th) element of \f[B]a\f[] is set to \f[B]1\f[], and
+\f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] at the end of the expression.
+.PP
+This includes function arguments.
+Thus, assuming \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], this means that in the
+expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+x(i++,\ i++)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first argument passed to \f[B]x()\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], and the second
+argument is \f[B]1\f[], while \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] before
+the function starts executing.
+.SH FUNCTIONS
+.PP
+Function definitions are as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return(E)
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list or \f[B]auto\f[] list may be
+replaced with \f[B]I[]\f[] to make a parameter or \f[B]auto\f[] var an
+array, and any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list may be replaced with
+\f[B]*I[]\f[] to make a parameter an array reference.
+Callers of functions that take array references should not put an
+asterisk in the call; they must be called with just \f[B]I[]\f[] like
+normal array parameters and will be automatically converted into
+references.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the opening brace of a
+\f[B]define\f[] statement may appear on the next line.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the return statement may also be
+in one of the following forms:
+.IP "1." 3
+\f[B]return\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B])\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.PP
+The first two, or not specifying a \f[B]return\f[] statement, is
+equivalent to \f[B]return (0)\f[], unless the function is a
+\f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection
+below).
+.SS Void Functions
+.PP
+Functions can also be \f[B]void\f[] functions, defined as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an
+expression would be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+.PP
+Void functions can only use the first two \f[B]return\f[] statements
+listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+.PP
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to
+have variables, arrays, and functions named \f[B]void\f[].
+The word "void" is only treated specially right after the
+\f[B]define\f[] keyword.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Array References
+.PP
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the
+form
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+*I[]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+it is a \f[B]reference\f[].
+Any changes to the array in the function are reflected, when the
+function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+.PP
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH LIBRARY
+.PP
+All of the functions below are available when the \f[B]\-l\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[] command\-line flags are given.
+.SS Standard Library
+.PP
+The
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+defines the following functions for the math library:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l(x)\f[]
+Returns the natural logarithm of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]e(x)\f[]
+Returns the mathematical constant \f[B]e\f[] raised to the power of
+\f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+Returns the bessel integer order \f[B]n\f[] (truncated) of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.SS Transcendental Functions
+.PP
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up
+to 1 ULP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place)).
+This is unavoidable, and this
+article (https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT) explains
+why it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the
+transcendental functions.
+.PP
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those
+functions with the precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) set to at least 1 higher
+than is necessary.
+If exact results are \f[I]absolutely\f[] required, users can double the
+precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) and then truncate.
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]s(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]c(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]e(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all functions returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.PP
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which
+attempts to start executing the statement right after the one that
+caused an error.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most bc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This bc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+The actual values of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] and \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[] can
+be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+bc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+The actual values can be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]POSIXLY_CORRECT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+the \f[B]\-s\f[] option was given.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to bc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "bc"
+file.bc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), bc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash (\f[B]\\\f[]).
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware
+integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and
+attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]) operator and the corresponding assignment operator.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, using a token
+where it is invalid, giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid
+print statement, giving an invalid function definition, attempting to
+assign to an expression that is not a named expression (see the
+\f[I]Named Expressions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section),
+giving an invalid \f[B]auto\f[] list, having a duplicate
+\f[B]auto\f[]/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code
+block, attempting to return a value from a \f[B]void\f[] function,
+attempting to use a variable as a reference, and using any extensions
+when the option \f[B]\-s\f[] or any equivalents were given.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, passing the wrong number of arguments
+to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and attempting
+to use a \f[B]void\f[] function call as a value in an expression.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (bc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+bc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Per the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If bc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If bc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to bc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause bc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+dc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+bc(1) is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+The flags \f[B]\-efghiqsvVw\f[], all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+.PP
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts
+numbers that use a period (\f[B].\f[]) as a radix point, regardless of
+the value of \f[B]LC_NUMERIC\f[].
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHORS
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHN.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHNP.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHNP.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHNP.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1309 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "BC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH NAME
+.PP
+bc \- arbitrary\-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]bc\f[] [\f[B]\-ghilPqsvVw\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in
+1991 by POSIX.
+(The current standard is
+here (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).)
+The language provides unlimited precision decimal arithmetic and is
+somewhat C\-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+.PP
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on
+the command line and executes them before reading from \f[B]stdin\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+.PP
+\f[B]\-g\f[], \f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+Turns\ the\ globals\ **ibase**,\ **obase**,\ and\ **scale**\ into\ stacks.
+
+This\ has\ the\ effect\ that\ a\ copy\ of\ the\ current\ value\ of\ all\ three\ are\ pushed
+onto\ a\ stack\ for\ every\ function\ call,\ as\ well\ as\ popped\ when\ every\ function
+returns.\ This\ means\ that\ functions\ can\ assign\ to\ any\ and\ all\ of\ those
+globals\ without\ worrying\ that\ the\ change\ will\ affect\ other\ functions.
+Thus,\ a\ hypothetical\ function\ named\ **output(x,b)**\ that\ simply\ printed
+**x**\ in\ base\ **b**\ could\ be\ written\ like\ this:
+
+\ \ \ \ define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ }
+
+instead\ of\ like\ this:
+
+\ \ \ \ define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ auto\ c
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ c=obase
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=c
+\ \ \ \ }
+
+This\ makes\ writing\ functions\ much\ easier.
+
+However,\ since\ using\ this\ flag\ means\ that\ functions\ cannot\ set\ **ibase**,
+**obase**,\ or\ **scale**\ globally,\ functions\ that\ are\ made\ to\ do\ so\ cannot
+work\ anymore.\ There\ are\ two\ possible\ use\ cases\ for\ that,\ and\ each\ has\ a
+solution.
+
+First,\ if\ a\ function\ is\ called\ on\ startup\ to\ turn\ bc(1)\ into\ a\ number
+converter,\ it\ is\ possible\ to\ replace\ that\ capability\ with\ various\ shell
+aliases.\ Examples:
+
+\ \ \ \ alias\ d2o="bc\ \-e\ ibase=A\ \-e\ obase=8"
+\ \ \ \ alias\ h2b="bc\ \-e\ ibase=G\ \-e\ obase=2"
+
+Second,\ if\ the\ purpose\ of\ a\ function\ is\ to\ set\ **ibase**,\ **obase**,\ or
+**scale**\ globally\ for\ any\ other\ purpose,\ it\ could\ be\ split\ into\ one\ to
+three\ functions\ (based\ on\ how\ many\ globals\ it\ sets)\ and\ each\ of\ those
+functions\ could\ return\ the\ desired\ value\ for\ a\ global.
+
+If\ the\ behavior\ of\ this\ option\ is\ desired\ for\ every\ run\ of\ bc(1),\ then\ users
+could\ make\ sure\ to\ define\ **BC_ENV_ARGS**\ and\ include\ this\ option\ (see\ the
+**ENVIRONMENT\ VARIABLES**\ section\ for\ more\ details).
+
+If\ **\-s**,\ **\-w**,\ or\ any\ equivalents\ are\ used,\ this\ option\ is\ ignored.
+
+This\ is\ a\ **non\-portable\ extension**.
+\f[]
+.fi
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-l\f[], \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]
+Sets \f[B]scale\f[] (see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) to \f[B]20\f[] and
+loads the included math library before running any code, including any
+expressions or files specified on the command line.
+.RS
+.PP
+To learn what is in the library, see the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+This option is a no\-op.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-q\f[], \f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]
+Do not print copyright header.
+bc(1) will also suppress the header in non\-interactive mode.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is mostly for compatibility with the GNU
+bc(1) (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-\-standard\f[]
+Process exactly the language defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+and error if any extensions are used.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-w\f[], \f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+Like \f[B]\-s\f[] and \f[B]\-\-standard\f[], except that warnings (and
+not errors) are printed for non\-standard extensions and execution
+continues normally.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C\-like, with some differences.
+This bc(1) follows the POSIX
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+which is a much more thorough resource for the language this bc(1)
+accepts.
+This section is meant to be a summary and a listing of all the
+extensions to the standard.
+.PP
+In the sections below, \f[B]E\f[] means expression, \f[B]S\f[] means
+statement, and \f[B]I\f[] means identifier.
+.PP
+Identifiers (\f[B]I\f[]) start with a lowercase letter and can be
+followed by any number (up to \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\-1\f[]) of lowercase
+letters (\f[B]a\-z\f[]), digits (\f[B]0\-9\f[]), and underscores
+(\f[B]_\f[]).
+The regex is \f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[].
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a global variable determining how to interpret
+constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+If the \f[B]\-s\f[] (\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]) and \f[B]\-w\f[]
+(\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]) flags were not given on the command line, the max
+allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]36\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in bc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]maxibase()\f[] built\-in function.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a global variable determining how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxobase()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+Values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a global variable that sets the precision of any operations, with
+exceptions.
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] is \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxscale()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+.PP
+bc(1) has both \f[I]global\f[] variables and \f[I]local\f[] variables.
+All \f[I]local\f[] variables are local to the function; they are
+parameters or are introduced in the \f[B]auto\f[] list of a function
+(see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+If a variable is accessed which is not a parameter or in the
+\f[B]auto\f[] list, it is assumed to be \f[I]global\f[].
+If a parent function has a \f[I]local\f[] variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers \f[I]global\f[], the value of that
+\f[I]global\f[] variable in the child function is the value of the
+variable in the parent function, not the value of the actual
+\f[I]global\f[] variable.
+.PP
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+.PP
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence
+operator is an assignment operator \f[I]and\f[] the expression is
+notsurrounded by parentheses.
+.PP
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable
+\f[B]last\f[].
+A single dot (\f[B].\f[]) may also be used as a synonym for
+\f[B]last\f[].
+These are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+There are two kinds of comments:
+.IP "1." 3
+Block comments are enclosed in \f[B]/*\f[] and \f[B]*/\f[].
+.IP "2." 3
+Line comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next
+newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Named Expressions
+.PP
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+.IP "1." 3
+Variables: \f[B]I\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+Array Elements: \f[B]I[E]\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]ibase\f[]
+.IP "4." 3
+\f[B]obase\f[]
+.IP "5." 3
+\f[B]scale\f[]
+.IP "6." 3
+\f[B]last\f[] or a single dot (\f[B].\f[])
+.PP
+Number 6 is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the
+same as variables.
+This also applies to functions (see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section), so
+a user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same
+name, and they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions
+or not.
+.PP
+Named expressions are required as the operand of
+\f[B]increment\f[]/\f[B]decrement\f[] operators and as the left side of
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators (see the \f[I]Operators\f[] subsection).
+.SS Operands
+.PP
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+.IP " 1." 4
+Numbers (see the \f[I]Numbers\f[] subsection below).
+.IP " 2." 4
+Array indices (\f[B]I[E]\f[]).
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B](E)\f[]: The value of \f[B]E\f[] (used to change precedence).
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]sqrt(E)\f[]: The square root of \f[B]E\f[].
+\f[B]E\f[] must be non\-negative.
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]length(E)\f[]: The number of significant decimal digits in
+\f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]length(I[])\f[]: The number of elements in the array \f[B]I\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 7." 4
+\f[B]scale(E)\f[]: The \f[I]scale\f[] of \f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]abs(E)\f[]: The absolute value of \f[B]E\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a non\-\f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]read()\f[]: Reads a line from \f[B]stdin\f[] and uses that as an
+expression.
+The result of that expression is the result of the \f[B]read()\f[]
+operand.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]maxibase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]ibase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]maxobase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]obase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "13." 4
+\f[B]maxscale()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]scale\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Numbers
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most
+\f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]Z\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]35\f[].
+.SS Operators
+.PP
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used.
+They are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+Operators in the same group have the same precedence.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+Type: Prefix and Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]increment\f[], \f[B]decrement\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[] \f[B]!\f[]
+Type: Prefix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]negation\f[], \f[B]boolean not\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]power\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[] \f[B]/\f[] \f[B]%\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]multiply\f[], \f[B]divide\f[], \f[B]modulus\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[] \f[B]\-\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]add\f[], \f[B]subtract\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]assignment\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]relational\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean and\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean or\f[]
+.RE
+.PP
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+The prefix and postfix \f[B]increment\f[] and \f[B]decrement\f[]
+operators behave exactly like they would in C.
+They require a named expression (see the \f[I]Named Expressions\f[]
+subsection) as an operand.
+.RS
+.PP
+The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them
+where possible.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]negation\f[] operator returns \f[B]0\f[] if a user attempts to
+negate any expression with the value \f[B]0\f[].
+Otherwise, a copy of the expression with its sign flipped is returned.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean not\f[] operator returns \f[B]1\f[] if the expression
+is \f[B]0\f[], or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The \f[B]power\f[] operator (not the \f[B]exclusive or\f[] operator, as
+it would be in C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the
+power of the value of the second.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]), and if it
+is negative, the first value must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The \f[B]multiply\f[] operator takes two expressions, multiplies them,
+and returns the product.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The \f[B]divide\f[] operator takes two expressions, divides them, and
+returns the quotient.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result shall be the value of \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The \f[B]modulus\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and evaluates them by 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[] and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The \f[B]add\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the sum, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the max
+of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]subtract\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the difference, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to
+the max of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[]
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators take two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[] where \f[B]a\f[] is a named expression (see the \f[I]Named
+Expressions\f[] subsection).
+.RS
+.PP
+For \f[B]=\f[], \f[B]b\f[] is copied and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+For all others, \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[] are applied as operands to the
+corresponding arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+The \f[B]relational\f[] operators compare two expressions, \f[B]a\f[]
+and \f[B]b\f[], and if the relation holds, according to C language
+semantics, the result is \f[B]1\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators, which means that \f[B]a=b>c\f[] is
+interpreted as \f[B](a=b)>c\f[].
+.PP
+Also, unlike the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+requires, these operators can appear anywhere any other expressions can
+be used.
+This allowance is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean and\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if both expressions are non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean or\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if one of the expressions is non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Statements
+.PP
+The following items are statements:
+.IP " 1." 4
+\f[B]E\f[]
+.IP " 2." 4
+\f[B]{\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B];\f[] ...
+\f[B];\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]}\f[]
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]else\f[]
+\f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]while\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]for\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[]
+\f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 7." 4
+An empty statement
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]break\f[]
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]continue\f[]
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]quit\f[]
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]halt\f[]
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]limits\f[]
+.IP "13." 4
+A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]print\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B],\f[] ...
+\f[B],\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.PP
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Also, as a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], any or all of the
+expressions in the header of a for loop may be omitted.
+If the condition (second expression) is omitted, it is assumed to be a
+constant \f[B]1\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]break\f[] statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume
+execution immediately following a loop.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]continue\f[] statement causes a loop iteration to stop early
+and returns to the start of the loop, including testing the loop
+condition.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]if\f[] \f[B]else\f[] statement does the same thing as in C.
+.PP
+The \f[B]quit\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a
+branch that will not be executed (it is a compile\-time command).
+.PP
+The \f[B]halt\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed.
+(Unlike \f[B]quit\f[] if it is on a branch of an \f[B]if\f[] statement
+that is not executed, bc(1) does not quit.)
+.PP
+The \f[B]limits\f[] statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is
+subject to.
+This is like the \f[B]quit\f[] statement in that it is a compile\-time
+command.
+.PP
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+.SS Print Statement
+.PP
+The "expressions" in a \f[B]print\f[] statement may also be strings.
+If they are, there are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted
+specially.
+What those sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown
+below:
+.PP
+.TS
+tab(@);
+l l.
+T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\\\\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\e\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\q\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]"\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}
+.TE
+.PP
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and
+character to be printed as\-is.
+.PP
+Any non\-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to
+\f[B]last\f[], like any other expression that is printed.
+.SS Order of Evaluation
+.PP
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as
+necessary to maintain order of operations.
+This means, for example, assuming that \f[B]i\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0\f[], in the expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+a[i++]\ =\ i++
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first (or 0th) element of \f[B]a\f[] is set to \f[B]1\f[], and
+\f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] at the end of the expression.
+.PP
+This includes function arguments.
+Thus, assuming \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], this means that in the
+expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+x(i++,\ i++)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first argument passed to \f[B]x()\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], and the second
+argument is \f[B]1\f[], while \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] before
+the function starts executing.
+.SH FUNCTIONS
+.PP
+Function definitions are as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return(E)
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list or \f[B]auto\f[] list may be
+replaced with \f[B]I[]\f[] to make a parameter or \f[B]auto\f[] var an
+array, and any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list may be replaced with
+\f[B]*I[]\f[] to make a parameter an array reference.
+Callers of functions that take array references should not put an
+asterisk in the call; they must be called with just \f[B]I[]\f[] like
+normal array parameters and will be automatically converted into
+references.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the opening brace of a
+\f[B]define\f[] statement may appear on the next line.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the return statement may also be
+in one of the following forms:
+.IP "1." 3
+\f[B]return\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B])\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.PP
+The first two, or not specifying a \f[B]return\f[] statement, is
+equivalent to \f[B]return (0)\f[], unless the function is a
+\f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection
+below).
+.SS Void Functions
+.PP
+Functions can also be \f[B]void\f[] functions, defined as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an
+expression would be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+.PP
+Void functions can only use the first two \f[B]return\f[] statements
+listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+.PP
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to
+have variables, arrays, and functions named \f[B]void\f[].
+The word "void" is only treated specially right after the
+\f[B]define\f[] keyword.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Array References
+.PP
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the
+form
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+*I[]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+it is a \f[B]reference\f[].
+Any changes to the array in the function are reflected, when the
+function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+.PP
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH LIBRARY
+.PP
+All of the functions below are available when the \f[B]\-l\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[] command\-line flags are given.
+.SS Standard Library
+.PP
+The
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+defines the following functions for the math library:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l(x)\f[]
+Returns the natural logarithm of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]e(x)\f[]
+Returns the mathematical constant \f[B]e\f[] raised to the power of
+\f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+Returns the bessel integer order \f[B]n\f[] (truncated) of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.SS Transcendental Functions
+.PP
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up
+to 1 ULP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place)).
+This is unavoidable, and this
+article (https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT) explains
+why it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the
+transcendental functions.
+.PP
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those
+functions with the precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) set to at least 1 higher
+than is necessary.
+If exact results are \f[I]absolutely\f[] required, users can double the
+precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) and then truncate.
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]s(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]c(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]e(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all functions returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.PP
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which
+attempts to start executing the statement right after the one that
+caused an error.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most bc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This bc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+The actual values of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] and \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[] can
+be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+bc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+The actual values can be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]POSIXLY_CORRECT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+the \f[B]\-s\f[] option was given.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to bc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "bc"
+file.bc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), bc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash (\f[B]\\\f[]).
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware
+integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and
+attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]) operator and the corresponding assignment operator.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, using a token
+where it is invalid, giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid
+print statement, giving an invalid function definition, attempting to
+assign to an expression that is not a named expression (see the
+\f[I]Named Expressions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section),
+giving an invalid \f[B]auto\f[] list, having a duplicate
+\f[B]auto\f[]/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code
+block, attempting to return a value from a \f[B]void\f[] function,
+attempting to use a variable as a reference, and using any extensions
+when the option \f[B]\-s\f[] or any equivalents were given.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, passing the wrong number of arguments
+to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and attempting
+to use a \f[B]void\f[] function call as a value in an expression.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (bc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+bc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Per the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If bc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If bc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to bc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause bc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+dc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+bc(1) is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+The flags \f[B]\-efghiqsvVw\f[], all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+.PP
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts
+numbers that use a period (\f[B].\f[]) as a radix point, regardless of
+the value of \f[B]LC_NUMERIC\f[].
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHORS
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHNP.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHP.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHP.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHP.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1316 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "BC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH NAME
+.PP
+bc \- arbitrary\-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]bc\f[] [\f[B]\-ghilPqsvVw\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in
+1991 by POSIX.
+(The current standard is
+here (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).)
+The language provides unlimited precision decimal arithmetic and is
+somewhat C\-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+.PP
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on
+the command line and executes them before reading from \f[B]stdin\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+.PP
+\f[B]\-g\f[], \f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+Turns\ the\ globals\ **ibase**,\ **obase**,\ and\ **scale**\ into\ stacks.
+
+This\ has\ the\ effect\ that\ a\ copy\ of\ the\ current\ value\ of\ all\ three\ are\ pushed
+onto\ a\ stack\ for\ every\ function\ call,\ as\ well\ as\ popped\ when\ every\ function
+returns.\ This\ means\ that\ functions\ can\ assign\ to\ any\ and\ all\ of\ those
+globals\ without\ worrying\ that\ the\ change\ will\ affect\ other\ functions.
+Thus,\ a\ hypothetical\ function\ named\ **output(x,b)**\ that\ simply\ printed
+**x**\ in\ base\ **b**\ could\ be\ written\ like\ this:
+
+\ \ \ \ define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ }
+
+instead\ of\ like\ this:
+
+\ \ \ \ define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ auto\ c
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ c=obase
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=c
+\ \ \ \ }
+
+This\ makes\ writing\ functions\ much\ easier.
+
+However,\ since\ using\ this\ flag\ means\ that\ functions\ cannot\ set\ **ibase**,
+**obase**,\ or\ **scale**\ globally,\ functions\ that\ are\ made\ to\ do\ so\ cannot
+work\ anymore.\ There\ are\ two\ possible\ use\ cases\ for\ that,\ and\ each\ has\ a
+solution.
+
+First,\ if\ a\ function\ is\ called\ on\ startup\ to\ turn\ bc(1)\ into\ a\ number
+converter,\ it\ is\ possible\ to\ replace\ that\ capability\ with\ various\ shell
+aliases.\ Examples:
+
+\ \ \ \ alias\ d2o="bc\ \-e\ ibase=A\ \-e\ obase=8"
+\ \ \ \ alias\ h2b="bc\ \-e\ ibase=G\ \-e\ obase=2"
+
+Second,\ if\ the\ purpose\ of\ a\ function\ is\ to\ set\ **ibase**,\ **obase**,\ or
+**scale**\ globally\ for\ any\ other\ purpose,\ it\ could\ be\ split\ into\ one\ to
+three\ functions\ (based\ on\ how\ many\ globals\ it\ sets)\ and\ each\ of\ those
+functions\ could\ return\ the\ desired\ value\ for\ a\ global.
+
+If\ the\ behavior\ of\ this\ option\ is\ desired\ for\ every\ run\ of\ bc(1),\ then\ users
+could\ make\ sure\ to\ define\ **BC_ENV_ARGS**\ and\ include\ this\ option\ (see\ the
+**ENVIRONMENT\ VARIABLES**\ section\ for\ more\ details).
+
+If\ **\-s**,\ **\-w**,\ or\ any\ equivalents\ are\ used,\ this\ option\ is\ ignored.
+
+This\ is\ a\ **non\-portable\ extension**.
+\f[]
+.fi
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-l\f[], \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]
+Sets \f[B]scale\f[] (see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) to \f[B]20\f[] and
+loads the included math library before running any code, including any
+expressions or files specified on the command line.
+.RS
+.PP
+To learn what is in the library, see the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+This option is a no\-op.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-q\f[], \f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]
+Do not print copyright header.
+bc(1) will also suppress the header in non\-interactive mode.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is mostly for compatibility with the GNU
+bc(1) (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-\-standard\f[]
+Process exactly the language defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+and error if any extensions are used.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-w\f[], \f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+Like \f[B]\-s\f[] and \f[B]\-\-standard\f[], except that warnings (and
+not errors) are printed for non\-standard extensions and execution
+continues normally.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C\-like, with some differences.
+This bc(1) follows the POSIX
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+which is a much more thorough resource for the language this bc(1)
+accepts.
+This section is meant to be a summary and a listing of all the
+extensions to the standard.
+.PP
+In the sections below, \f[B]E\f[] means expression, \f[B]S\f[] means
+statement, and \f[B]I\f[] means identifier.
+.PP
+Identifiers (\f[B]I\f[]) start with a lowercase letter and can be
+followed by any number (up to \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\-1\f[]) of lowercase
+letters (\f[B]a\-z\f[]), digits (\f[B]0\-9\f[]), and underscores
+(\f[B]_\f[]).
+The regex is \f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[].
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a global variable determining how to interpret
+constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+If the \f[B]\-s\f[] (\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]) and \f[B]\-w\f[]
+(\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]) flags were not given on the command line, the max
+allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]36\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in bc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]maxibase()\f[] built\-in function.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a global variable determining how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxobase()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+Values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a global variable that sets the precision of any operations, with
+exceptions.
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] is \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxscale()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+.PP
+bc(1) has both \f[I]global\f[] variables and \f[I]local\f[] variables.
+All \f[I]local\f[] variables are local to the function; they are
+parameters or are introduced in the \f[B]auto\f[] list of a function
+(see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+If a variable is accessed which is not a parameter or in the
+\f[B]auto\f[] list, it is assumed to be \f[I]global\f[].
+If a parent function has a \f[I]local\f[] variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers \f[I]global\f[], the value of that
+\f[I]global\f[] variable in the child function is the value of the
+variable in the parent function, not the value of the actual
+\f[I]global\f[] variable.
+.PP
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+.PP
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence
+operator is an assignment operator \f[I]and\f[] the expression is
+notsurrounded by parentheses.
+.PP
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable
+\f[B]last\f[].
+A single dot (\f[B].\f[]) may also be used as a synonym for
+\f[B]last\f[].
+These are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+There are two kinds of comments:
+.IP "1." 3
+Block comments are enclosed in \f[B]/*\f[] and \f[B]*/\f[].
+.IP "2." 3
+Line comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next
+newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Named Expressions
+.PP
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+.IP "1." 3
+Variables: \f[B]I\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+Array Elements: \f[B]I[E]\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]ibase\f[]
+.IP "4." 3
+\f[B]obase\f[]
+.IP "5." 3
+\f[B]scale\f[]
+.IP "6." 3
+\f[B]last\f[] or a single dot (\f[B].\f[])
+.PP
+Number 6 is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the
+same as variables.
+This also applies to functions (see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section), so
+a user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same
+name, and they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions
+or not.
+.PP
+Named expressions are required as the operand of
+\f[B]increment\f[]/\f[B]decrement\f[] operators and as the left side of
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators (see the \f[I]Operators\f[] subsection).
+.SS Operands
+.PP
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+.IP " 1." 4
+Numbers (see the \f[I]Numbers\f[] subsection below).
+.IP " 2." 4
+Array indices (\f[B]I[E]\f[]).
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B](E)\f[]: The value of \f[B]E\f[] (used to change precedence).
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]sqrt(E)\f[]: The square root of \f[B]E\f[].
+\f[B]E\f[] must be non\-negative.
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]length(E)\f[]: The number of significant decimal digits in
+\f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]length(I[])\f[]: The number of elements in the array \f[B]I\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 7." 4
+\f[B]scale(E)\f[]: The \f[I]scale\f[] of \f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]abs(E)\f[]: The absolute value of \f[B]E\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a non\-\f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]read()\f[]: Reads a line from \f[B]stdin\f[] and uses that as an
+expression.
+The result of that expression is the result of the \f[B]read()\f[]
+operand.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]maxibase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]ibase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]maxobase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]obase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "13." 4
+\f[B]maxscale()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]scale\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Numbers
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most
+\f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]Z\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]35\f[].
+.SS Operators
+.PP
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used.
+They are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+Operators in the same group have the same precedence.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+Type: Prefix and Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]increment\f[], \f[B]decrement\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[] \f[B]!\f[]
+Type: Prefix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]negation\f[], \f[B]boolean not\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]power\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[] \f[B]/\f[] \f[B]%\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]multiply\f[], \f[B]divide\f[], \f[B]modulus\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[] \f[B]\-\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]add\f[], \f[B]subtract\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]assignment\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]relational\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean and\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean or\f[]
+.RE
+.PP
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+The prefix and postfix \f[B]increment\f[] and \f[B]decrement\f[]
+operators behave exactly like they would in C.
+They require a named expression (see the \f[I]Named Expressions\f[]
+subsection) as an operand.
+.RS
+.PP
+The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them
+where possible.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]negation\f[] operator returns \f[B]0\f[] if a user attempts to
+negate any expression with the value \f[B]0\f[].
+Otherwise, a copy of the expression with its sign flipped is returned.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean not\f[] operator returns \f[B]1\f[] if the expression
+is \f[B]0\f[], or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The \f[B]power\f[] operator (not the \f[B]exclusive or\f[] operator, as
+it would be in C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the
+power of the value of the second.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]), and if it
+is negative, the first value must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The \f[B]multiply\f[] operator takes two expressions, multiplies them,
+and returns the product.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The \f[B]divide\f[] operator takes two expressions, divides them, and
+returns the quotient.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result shall be the value of \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The \f[B]modulus\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and evaluates them by 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[] and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The \f[B]add\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the sum, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the max
+of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]subtract\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the difference, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to
+the max of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[]
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators take two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[] where \f[B]a\f[] is a named expression (see the \f[I]Named
+Expressions\f[] subsection).
+.RS
+.PP
+For \f[B]=\f[], \f[B]b\f[] is copied and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+For all others, \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[] are applied as operands to the
+corresponding arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+The \f[B]relational\f[] operators compare two expressions, \f[B]a\f[]
+and \f[B]b\f[], and if the relation holds, according to C language
+semantics, the result is \f[B]1\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators, which means that \f[B]a=b>c\f[] is
+interpreted as \f[B](a=b)>c\f[].
+.PP
+Also, unlike the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+requires, these operators can appear anywhere any other expressions can
+be used.
+This allowance is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean and\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if both expressions are non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean or\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if one of the expressions is non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Statements
+.PP
+The following items are statements:
+.IP " 1." 4
+\f[B]E\f[]
+.IP " 2." 4
+\f[B]{\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B];\f[] ...
+\f[B];\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]}\f[]
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]else\f[]
+\f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]while\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]for\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[]
+\f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 7." 4
+An empty statement
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]break\f[]
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]continue\f[]
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]quit\f[]
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]halt\f[]
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]limits\f[]
+.IP "13." 4
+A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]print\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B],\f[] ...
+\f[B],\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.PP
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Also, as a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], any or all of the
+expressions in the header of a for loop may be omitted.
+If the condition (second expression) is omitted, it is assumed to be a
+constant \f[B]1\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]break\f[] statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume
+execution immediately following a loop.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]continue\f[] statement causes a loop iteration to stop early
+and returns to the start of the loop, including testing the loop
+condition.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]if\f[] \f[B]else\f[] statement does the same thing as in C.
+.PP
+The \f[B]quit\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a
+branch that will not be executed (it is a compile\-time command).
+.PP
+The \f[B]halt\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed.
+(Unlike \f[B]quit\f[] if it is on a branch of an \f[B]if\f[] statement
+that is not executed, bc(1) does not quit.)
+.PP
+The \f[B]limits\f[] statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is
+subject to.
+This is like the \f[B]quit\f[] statement in that it is a compile\-time
+command.
+.PP
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+.SS Print Statement
+.PP
+The "expressions" in a \f[B]print\f[] statement may also be strings.
+If they are, there are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted
+specially.
+What those sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown
+below:
+.PP
+.TS
+tab(@);
+l l.
+T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\\\\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\e\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\q\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]"\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}
+.TE
+.PP
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and
+character to be printed as\-is.
+.PP
+Any non\-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to
+\f[B]last\f[], like any other expression that is printed.
+.SS Order of Evaluation
+.PP
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as
+necessary to maintain order of operations.
+This means, for example, assuming that \f[B]i\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0\f[], in the expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+a[i++]\ =\ i++
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first (or 0th) element of \f[B]a\f[] is set to \f[B]1\f[], and
+\f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] at the end of the expression.
+.PP
+This includes function arguments.
+Thus, assuming \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], this means that in the
+expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+x(i++,\ i++)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first argument passed to \f[B]x()\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], and the second
+argument is \f[B]1\f[], while \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] before
+the function starts executing.
+.SH FUNCTIONS
+.PP
+Function definitions are as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return(E)
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list or \f[B]auto\f[] list may be
+replaced with \f[B]I[]\f[] to make a parameter or \f[B]auto\f[] var an
+array, and any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list may be replaced with
+\f[B]*I[]\f[] to make a parameter an array reference.
+Callers of functions that take array references should not put an
+asterisk in the call; they must be called with just \f[B]I[]\f[] like
+normal array parameters and will be automatically converted into
+references.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the opening brace of a
+\f[B]define\f[] statement may appear on the next line.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the return statement may also be
+in one of the following forms:
+.IP "1." 3
+\f[B]return\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B])\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.PP
+The first two, or not specifying a \f[B]return\f[] statement, is
+equivalent to \f[B]return (0)\f[], unless the function is a
+\f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection
+below).
+.SS Void Functions
+.PP
+Functions can also be \f[B]void\f[] functions, defined as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an
+expression would be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+.PP
+Void functions can only use the first two \f[B]return\f[] statements
+listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+.PP
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to
+have variables, arrays, and functions named \f[B]void\f[].
+The word "void" is only treated specially right after the
+\f[B]define\f[] keyword.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Array References
+.PP
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the
+form
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+*I[]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+it is a \f[B]reference\f[].
+Any changes to the array in the function are reflected, when the
+function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+.PP
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH LIBRARY
+.PP
+All of the functions below are available when the \f[B]\-l\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[] command\-line flags are given.
+.SS Standard Library
+.PP
+The
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+defines the following functions for the math library:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l(x)\f[]
+Returns the natural logarithm of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]e(x)\f[]
+Returns the mathematical constant \f[B]e\f[] raised to the power of
+\f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+Returns the bessel integer order \f[B]n\f[] (truncated) of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.SS Transcendental Functions
+.PP
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up
+to 1 ULP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place)).
+This is unavoidable, and this
+article (https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT) explains
+why it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the
+transcendental functions.
+.PP
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those
+functions with the precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) set to at least 1 higher
+than is necessary.
+If exact results are \f[I]absolutely\f[] required, users can double the
+precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) and then truncate.
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]s(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]c(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]e(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all functions returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.PP
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which
+attempts to start executing the statement right after the one that
+caused an error.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most bc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This bc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+The actual values of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] and \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[] can
+be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+bc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+The actual values can be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]POSIXLY_CORRECT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+the \f[B]\-s\f[] option was given.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to bc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "bc"
+file.bc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), bc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash (\f[B]\\\f[]).
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware
+integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and
+attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]) operator and the corresponding assignment operator.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, using a token
+where it is invalid, giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid
+print statement, giving an invalid function definition, attempting to
+assign to an expression that is not a named expression (see the
+\f[I]Named Expressions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section),
+giving an invalid \f[B]auto\f[] list, having a duplicate
+\f[B]auto\f[]/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code
+block, attempting to return a value from a \f[B]void\f[] function,
+attempting to use a variable as a reference, and using any extensions
+when the option \f[B]\-s\f[] or any equivalents were given.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, passing the wrong number of arguments
+to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and attempting
+to use a \f[B]void\f[] function call as a value in an expression.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (bc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+bc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Per the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If bc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If bc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to bc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause bc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+.SH LOCALES
+.PP
+This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different
+locales and thus, supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGES\f[].
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+dc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+bc(1) is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+The flags \f[B]\-efghiqsvVw\f[], all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+.PP
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts
+numbers that use a period (\f[B].\f[]) as a radix point, regardless of
+the value of \f[B]LC_NUMERIC\f[].
+.PP
+This bc(1) supports error messages for different locales, and thus, it
+supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGES\f[].
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHORS
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHP.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EN.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EN.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EN.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1334 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "BC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH NAME
+.PP
+bc \- arbitrary\-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]bc\f[] [\f[B]\-ghilPqsvVw\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in
+1991 by POSIX.
+(The current standard is
+here (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).)
+The language provides unlimited precision decimal arithmetic and is
+somewhat C\-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+.PP
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on
+the command line and executes them before reading from \f[B]stdin\f[].
+.PP
+This bc(1) is a drop\-in replacement for \f[I]any\f[] bc(1), including
+(and especially) the GNU bc(1).
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+.PP
+\f[B]\-g\f[], \f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+Turns\ the\ globals\ **ibase**,\ **obase**,\ and\ **scale**\ into\ stacks.
+
+This\ has\ the\ effect\ that\ a\ copy\ of\ the\ current\ value\ of\ all\ three\ are\ pushed
+onto\ a\ stack\ for\ every\ function\ call,\ as\ well\ as\ popped\ when\ every\ function
+returns.\ This\ means\ that\ functions\ can\ assign\ to\ any\ and\ all\ of\ those
+globals\ without\ worrying\ that\ the\ change\ will\ affect\ other\ functions.
+Thus,\ a\ hypothetical\ function\ named\ **output(x,b)**\ that\ simply\ printed
+**x**\ in\ base\ **b**\ could\ be\ written\ like\ this:
+
+\ \ \ \ define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ }
+
+instead\ of\ like\ this:
+
+\ \ \ \ define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ auto\ c
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ c=obase
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=c
+\ \ \ \ }
+
+This\ makes\ writing\ functions\ much\ easier.
+
+However,\ since\ using\ this\ flag\ means\ that\ functions\ cannot\ set\ **ibase**,
+**obase**,\ or\ **scale**\ globally,\ functions\ that\ are\ made\ to\ do\ so\ cannot
+work\ anymore.\ There\ are\ two\ possible\ use\ cases\ for\ that,\ and\ each\ has\ a
+solution.
+
+First,\ if\ a\ function\ is\ called\ on\ startup\ to\ turn\ bc(1)\ into\ a\ number
+converter,\ it\ is\ possible\ to\ replace\ that\ capability\ with\ various\ shell
+aliases.\ Examples:
+
+\ \ \ \ alias\ d2o="bc\ \-e\ ibase=A\ \-e\ obase=8"
+\ \ \ \ alias\ h2b="bc\ \-e\ ibase=G\ \-e\ obase=2"
+
+Second,\ if\ the\ purpose\ of\ a\ function\ is\ to\ set\ **ibase**,\ **obase**,\ or
+**scale**\ globally\ for\ any\ other\ purpose,\ it\ could\ be\ split\ into\ one\ to
+three\ functions\ (based\ on\ how\ many\ globals\ it\ sets)\ and\ each\ of\ those
+functions\ could\ return\ the\ desired\ value\ for\ a\ global.
+
+If\ the\ behavior\ of\ this\ option\ is\ desired\ for\ every\ run\ of\ bc(1),\ then\ users
+could\ make\ sure\ to\ define\ **BC_ENV_ARGS**\ and\ include\ this\ option\ (see\ the
+**ENVIRONMENT\ VARIABLES**\ section\ for\ more\ details).
+
+If\ **\-s**,\ **\-w**,\ or\ any\ equivalents\ are\ used,\ this\ option\ is\ ignored.
+
+This\ is\ a\ **non\-portable\ extension**.
+\f[]
+.fi
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-l\f[], \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]
+Sets \f[B]scale\f[] (see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) to \f[B]20\f[] and
+loads the included math library before running any code, including any
+expressions or files specified on the command line.
+.RS
+.PP
+To learn what is in the library, see the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+Disables the prompt in TTY mode.
+(The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+See the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section) This is mostly for those users that
+do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in bc(1).
+Most of those users would want to put this option in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-q\f[], \f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]
+Do not print copyright header.
+bc(1) will also suppress the header in non\-interactive mode.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is mostly for compatibility with the GNU
+bc(1) (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-\-standard\f[]
+Process exactly the language defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+and error if any extensions are used.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-w\f[], \f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+Like \f[B]\-s\f[] and \f[B]\-\-standard\f[], except that warnings (and
+not errors) are printed for non\-standard extensions and execution
+continues normally.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C\-like, with some differences.
+This bc(1) follows the POSIX
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+which is a much more thorough resource for the language this bc(1)
+accepts.
+This section is meant to be a summary and a listing of all the
+extensions to the standard.
+.PP
+In the sections below, \f[B]E\f[] means expression, \f[B]S\f[] means
+statement, and \f[B]I\f[] means identifier.
+.PP
+Identifiers (\f[B]I\f[]) start with a lowercase letter and can be
+followed by any number (up to \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\-1\f[]) of lowercase
+letters (\f[B]a\-z\f[]), digits (\f[B]0\-9\f[]), and underscores
+(\f[B]_\f[]).
+The regex is \f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[].
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a global variable determining how to interpret
+constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+If the \f[B]\-s\f[] (\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]) and \f[B]\-w\f[]
+(\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]) flags were not given on the command line, the max
+allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]36\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in bc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]maxibase()\f[] built\-in function.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a global variable determining how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxobase()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+Values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a global variable that sets the precision of any operations, with
+exceptions.
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] is \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxscale()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+.PP
+bc(1) has both \f[I]global\f[] variables and \f[I]local\f[] variables.
+All \f[I]local\f[] variables are local to the function; they are
+parameters or are introduced in the \f[B]auto\f[] list of a function
+(see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+If a variable is accessed which is not a parameter or in the
+\f[B]auto\f[] list, it is assumed to be \f[I]global\f[].
+If a parent function has a \f[I]local\f[] variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers \f[I]global\f[], the value of that
+\f[I]global\f[] variable in the child function is the value of the
+variable in the parent function, not the value of the actual
+\f[I]global\f[] variable.
+.PP
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+.PP
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence
+operator is an assignment operator \f[I]and\f[] the expression is
+notsurrounded by parentheses.
+.PP
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable
+\f[B]last\f[].
+A single dot (\f[B].\f[]) may also be used as a synonym for
+\f[B]last\f[].
+These are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+There are two kinds of comments:
+.IP "1." 3
+Block comments are enclosed in \f[B]/*\f[] and \f[B]*/\f[].
+.IP "2." 3
+Line comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next
+newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Named Expressions
+.PP
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+.IP "1." 3
+Variables: \f[B]I\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+Array Elements: \f[B]I[E]\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]ibase\f[]
+.IP "4." 3
+\f[B]obase\f[]
+.IP "5." 3
+\f[B]scale\f[]
+.IP "6." 3
+\f[B]last\f[] or a single dot (\f[B].\f[])
+.PP
+Number 6 is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the
+same as variables.
+This also applies to functions (see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section), so
+a user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same
+name, and they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions
+or not.
+.PP
+Named expressions are required as the operand of
+\f[B]increment\f[]/\f[B]decrement\f[] operators and as the left side of
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators (see the \f[I]Operators\f[] subsection).
+.SS Operands
+.PP
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+.IP " 1." 4
+Numbers (see the \f[I]Numbers\f[] subsection below).
+.IP " 2." 4
+Array indices (\f[B]I[E]\f[]).
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B](E)\f[]: The value of \f[B]E\f[] (used to change precedence).
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]sqrt(E)\f[]: The square root of \f[B]E\f[].
+\f[B]E\f[] must be non\-negative.
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]length(E)\f[]: The number of significant decimal digits in
+\f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]length(I[])\f[]: The number of elements in the array \f[B]I\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 7." 4
+\f[B]scale(E)\f[]: The \f[I]scale\f[] of \f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]abs(E)\f[]: The absolute value of \f[B]E\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a non\-\f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]read()\f[]: Reads a line from \f[B]stdin\f[] and uses that as an
+expression.
+The result of that expression is the result of the \f[B]read()\f[]
+operand.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]maxibase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]ibase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]maxobase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]obase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "13." 4
+\f[B]maxscale()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]scale\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Numbers
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most
+\f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]Z\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]35\f[].
+.SS Operators
+.PP
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used.
+They are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+Operators in the same group have the same precedence.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+Type: Prefix and Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]increment\f[], \f[B]decrement\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[] \f[B]!\f[]
+Type: Prefix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]negation\f[], \f[B]boolean not\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]power\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[] \f[B]/\f[] \f[B]%\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]multiply\f[], \f[B]divide\f[], \f[B]modulus\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[] \f[B]\-\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]add\f[], \f[B]subtract\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]assignment\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]relational\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean and\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean or\f[]
+.RE
+.PP
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+The prefix and postfix \f[B]increment\f[] and \f[B]decrement\f[]
+operators behave exactly like they would in C.
+They require a named expression (see the \f[I]Named Expressions\f[]
+subsection) as an operand.
+.RS
+.PP
+The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them
+where possible.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]negation\f[] operator returns \f[B]0\f[] if a user attempts to
+negate any expression with the value \f[B]0\f[].
+Otherwise, a copy of the expression with its sign flipped is returned.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean not\f[] operator returns \f[B]1\f[] if the expression
+is \f[B]0\f[], or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The \f[B]power\f[] operator (not the \f[B]exclusive or\f[] operator, as
+it would be in C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the
+power of the value of the second.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]), and if it
+is negative, the first value must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The \f[B]multiply\f[] operator takes two expressions, multiplies them,
+and returns the product.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The \f[B]divide\f[] operator takes two expressions, divides them, and
+returns the quotient.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result shall be the value of \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The \f[B]modulus\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and evaluates them by 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[] and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The \f[B]add\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the sum, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the max
+of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]subtract\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the difference, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to
+the max of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[]
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators take two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[] where \f[B]a\f[] is a named expression (see the \f[I]Named
+Expressions\f[] subsection).
+.RS
+.PP
+For \f[B]=\f[], \f[B]b\f[] is copied and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+For all others, \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[] are applied as operands to the
+corresponding arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+The \f[B]relational\f[] operators compare two expressions, \f[B]a\f[]
+and \f[B]b\f[], and if the relation holds, according to C language
+semantics, the result is \f[B]1\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators, which means that \f[B]a=b>c\f[] is
+interpreted as \f[B](a=b)>c\f[].
+.PP
+Also, unlike the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+requires, these operators can appear anywhere any other expressions can
+be used.
+This allowance is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean and\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if both expressions are non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean or\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if one of the expressions is non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Statements
+.PP
+The following items are statements:
+.IP " 1." 4
+\f[B]E\f[]
+.IP " 2." 4
+\f[B]{\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B];\f[] ...
+\f[B];\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]}\f[]
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]else\f[]
+\f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]while\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]for\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[]
+\f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 7." 4
+An empty statement
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]break\f[]
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]continue\f[]
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]quit\f[]
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]halt\f[]
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]limits\f[]
+.IP "13." 4
+A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]print\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B],\f[] ...
+\f[B],\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.PP
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Also, as a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], any or all of the
+expressions in the header of a for loop may be omitted.
+If the condition (second expression) is omitted, it is assumed to be a
+constant \f[B]1\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]break\f[] statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume
+execution immediately following a loop.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]continue\f[] statement causes a loop iteration to stop early
+and returns to the start of the loop, including testing the loop
+condition.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]if\f[] \f[B]else\f[] statement does the same thing as in C.
+.PP
+The \f[B]quit\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a
+branch that will not be executed (it is a compile\-time command).
+.PP
+The \f[B]halt\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed.
+(Unlike \f[B]quit\f[] if it is on a branch of an \f[B]if\f[] statement
+that is not executed, bc(1) does not quit.)
+.PP
+The \f[B]limits\f[] statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is
+subject to.
+This is like the \f[B]quit\f[] statement in that it is a compile\-time
+command.
+.PP
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+.SS Print Statement
+.PP
+The "expressions" in a \f[B]print\f[] statement may also be strings.
+If they are, there are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted
+specially.
+What those sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown
+below:
+.PP
+.TS
+tab(@);
+l l.
+T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\\\\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\e\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\q\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]"\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}
+.TE
+.PP
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and
+character to be printed as\-is.
+.PP
+Any non\-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to
+\f[B]last\f[], like any other expression that is printed.
+.SS Order of Evaluation
+.PP
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as
+necessary to maintain order of operations.
+This means, for example, assuming that \f[B]i\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0\f[], in the expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+a[i++]\ =\ i++
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first (or 0th) element of \f[B]a\f[] is set to \f[B]1\f[], and
+\f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] at the end of the expression.
+.PP
+This includes function arguments.
+Thus, assuming \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], this means that in the
+expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+x(i++,\ i++)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first argument passed to \f[B]x()\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], and the second
+argument is \f[B]1\f[], while \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] before
+the function starts executing.
+.SH FUNCTIONS
+.PP
+Function definitions are as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return(E)
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list or \f[B]auto\f[] list may be
+replaced with \f[B]I[]\f[] to make a parameter or \f[B]auto\f[] var an
+array, and any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list may be replaced with
+\f[B]*I[]\f[] to make a parameter an array reference.
+Callers of functions that take array references should not put an
+asterisk in the call; they must be called with just \f[B]I[]\f[] like
+normal array parameters and will be automatically converted into
+references.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the opening brace of a
+\f[B]define\f[] statement may appear on the next line.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the return statement may also be
+in one of the following forms:
+.IP "1." 3
+\f[B]return\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B])\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.PP
+The first two, or not specifying a \f[B]return\f[] statement, is
+equivalent to \f[B]return (0)\f[], unless the function is a
+\f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection
+below).
+.SS Void Functions
+.PP
+Functions can also be \f[B]void\f[] functions, defined as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an
+expression would be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+.PP
+Void functions can only use the first two \f[B]return\f[] statements
+listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+.PP
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to
+have variables, arrays, and functions named \f[B]void\f[].
+The word "void" is only treated specially right after the
+\f[B]define\f[] keyword.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Array References
+.PP
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the
+form
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+*I[]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+it is a \f[B]reference\f[].
+Any changes to the array in the function are reflected, when the
+function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+.PP
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH LIBRARY
+.PP
+All of the functions below are available when the \f[B]\-l\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[] command\-line flags are given.
+.SS Standard Library
+.PP
+The
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+defines the following functions for the math library:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l(x)\f[]
+Returns the natural logarithm of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]e(x)\f[]
+Returns the mathematical constant \f[B]e\f[] raised to the power of
+\f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+Returns the bessel integer order \f[B]n\f[] (truncated) of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.SS Transcendental Functions
+.PP
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up
+to 1 ULP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place)).
+This is unavoidable, and this
+article (https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT) explains
+why it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the
+transcendental functions.
+.PP
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those
+functions with the precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) set to at least 1 higher
+than is necessary.
+If exact results are \f[I]absolutely\f[] required, users can double the
+precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) and then truncate.
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]s(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]c(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]e(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all functions returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.PP
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which
+attempts to start executing the statement right after the one that
+caused an error.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most bc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This bc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+The actual values of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] and \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[] can
+be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+bc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+The actual values can be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]POSIXLY_CORRECT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+the \f[B]\-s\f[] option was given.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to bc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "bc"
+file.bc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), bc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash (\f[B]\\\f[]).
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware
+integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and
+attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]) operator and the corresponding assignment operator.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, using a token
+where it is invalid, giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid
+print statement, giving an invalid function definition, attempting to
+assign to an expression that is not a named expression (see the
+\f[I]Named Expressions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section),
+giving an invalid \f[B]auto\f[] list, having a duplicate
+\f[B]auto\f[]/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code
+block, attempting to return a value from a \f[B]void\f[] function,
+attempting to use a variable as a reference, and using any extensions
+when the option \f[B]\-s\f[] or any equivalents were given.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, passing the wrong number of arguments
+to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and attempting
+to use a \f[B]void\f[] function call as a value in an expression.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (bc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+bc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Per the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the \f[B]COMMAND
+LINE HISTORY\f[] section).
+It is also required to enable special handling for \f[B]SIGINT\f[]
+signals.
+.PP
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If bc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If bc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to bc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause bc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+The one exception is \f[B]SIGHUP\f[]; in that case, when bc(1) is in TTY
+mode, a \f[B]SIGHUP\f[] will cause bc(1) to clean up and exit.
+.SH COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+.PP
+bc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), history is
+enabled.
+Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+dc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+bc(1) is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+The flags \f[B]\-efghiqsvVw\f[], all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+.PP
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts
+numbers that use a period (\f[B].\f[]) as a radix point, regardless of
+the value of \f[B]LC_NUMERIC\f[].
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHORS
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EN.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/ENP.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/ENP.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/ENP.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1327 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "BC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH NAME
+.PP
+bc \- arbitrary\-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]bc\f[] [\f[B]\-ghilPqsvVw\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in
+1991 by POSIX.
+(The current standard is
+here (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).)
+The language provides unlimited precision decimal arithmetic and is
+somewhat C\-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+.PP
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on
+the command line and executes them before reading from \f[B]stdin\f[].
+.PP
+This bc(1) is a drop\-in replacement for \f[I]any\f[] bc(1), including
+(and especially) the GNU bc(1).
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+.PP
+\f[B]\-g\f[], \f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+Turns\ the\ globals\ **ibase**,\ **obase**,\ and\ **scale**\ into\ stacks.
+
+This\ has\ the\ effect\ that\ a\ copy\ of\ the\ current\ value\ of\ all\ three\ are\ pushed
+onto\ a\ stack\ for\ every\ function\ call,\ as\ well\ as\ popped\ when\ every\ function
+returns.\ This\ means\ that\ functions\ can\ assign\ to\ any\ and\ all\ of\ those
+globals\ without\ worrying\ that\ the\ change\ will\ affect\ other\ functions.
+Thus,\ a\ hypothetical\ function\ named\ **output(x,b)**\ that\ simply\ printed
+**x**\ in\ base\ **b**\ could\ be\ written\ like\ this:
+
+\ \ \ \ define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ }
+
+instead\ of\ like\ this:
+
+\ \ \ \ define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ auto\ c
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ c=obase
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=c
+\ \ \ \ }
+
+This\ makes\ writing\ functions\ much\ easier.
+
+However,\ since\ using\ this\ flag\ means\ that\ functions\ cannot\ set\ **ibase**,
+**obase**,\ or\ **scale**\ globally,\ functions\ that\ are\ made\ to\ do\ so\ cannot
+work\ anymore.\ There\ are\ two\ possible\ use\ cases\ for\ that,\ and\ each\ has\ a
+solution.
+
+First,\ if\ a\ function\ is\ called\ on\ startup\ to\ turn\ bc(1)\ into\ a\ number
+converter,\ it\ is\ possible\ to\ replace\ that\ capability\ with\ various\ shell
+aliases.\ Examples:
+
+\ \ \ \ alias\ d2o="bc\ \-e\ ibase=A\ \-e\ obase=8"
+\ \ \ \ alias\ h2b="bc\ \-e\ ibase=G\ \-e\ obase=2"
+
+Second,\ if\ the\ purpose\ of\ a\ function\ is\ to\ set\ **ibase**,\ **obase**,\ or
+**scale**\ globally\ for\ any\ other\ purpose,\ it\ could\ be\ split\ into\ one\ to
+three\ functions\ (based\ on\ how\ many\ globals\ it\ sets)\ and\ each\ of\ those
+functions\ could\ return\ the\ desired\ value\ for\ a\ global.
+
+If\ the\ behavior\ of\ this\ option\ is\ desired\ for\ every\ run\ of\ bc(1),\ then\ users
+could\ make\ sure\ to\ define\ **BC_ENV_ARGS**\ and\ include\ this\ option\ (see\ the
+**ENVIRONMENT\ VARIABLES**\ section\ for\ more\ details).
+
+If\ **\-s**,\ **\-w**,\ or\ any\ equivalents\ are\ used,\ this\ option\ is\ ignored.
+
+This\ is\ a\ **non\-portable\ extension**.
+\f[]
+.fi
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-l\f[], \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]
+Sets \f[B]scale\f[] (see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) to \f[B]20\f[] and
+loads the included math library before running any code, including any
+expressions or files specified on the command line.
+.RS
+.PP
+To learn what is in the library, see the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+This option is a no\-op.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-q\f[], \f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]
+Do not print copyright header.
+bc(1) will also suppress the header in non\-interactive mode.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is mostly for compatibility with the GNU
+bc(1) (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-\-standard\f[]
+Process exactly the language defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+and error if any extensions are used.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-w\f[], \f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+Like \f[B]\-s\f[] and \f[B]\-\-standard\f[], except that warnings (and
+not errors) are printed for non\-standard extensions and execution
+continues normally.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C\-like, with some differences.
+This bc(1) follows the POSIX
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+which is a much more thorough resource for the language this bc(1)
+accepts.
+This section is meant to be a summary and a listing of all the
+extensions to the standard.
+.PP
+In the sections below, \f[B]E\f[] means expression, \f[B]S\f[] means
+statement, and \f[B]I\f[] means identifier.
+.PP
+Identifiers (\f[B]I\f[]) start with a lowercase letter and can be
+followed by any number (up to \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\-1\f[]) of lowercase
+letters (\f[B]a\-z\f[]), digits (\f[B]0\-9\f[]), and underscores
+(\f[B]_\f[]).
+The regex is \f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[].
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a global variable determining how to interpret
+constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+If the \f[B]\-s\f[] (\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]) and \f[B]\-w\f[]
+(\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]) flags were not given on the command line, the max
+allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]36\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in bc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]maxibase()\f[] built\-in function.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a global variable determining how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxobase()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+Values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a global variable that sets the precision of any operations, with
+exceptions.
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] is \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxscale()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+.PP
+bc(1) has both \f[I]global\f[] variables and \f[I]local\f[] variables.
+All \f[I]local\f[] variables are local to the function; they are
+parameters or are introduced in the \f[B]auto\f[] list of a function
+(see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+If a variable is accessed which is not a parameter or in the
+\f[B]auto\f[] list, it is assumed to be \f[I]global\f[].
+If a parent function has a \f[I]local\f[] variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers \f[I]global\f[], the value of that
+\f[I]global\f[] variable in the child function is the value of the
+variable in the parent function, not the value of the actual
+\f[I]global\f[] variable.
+.PP
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+.PP
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence
+operator is an assignment operator \f[I]and\f[] the expression is
+notsurrounded by parentheses.
+.PP
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable
+\f[B]last\f[].
+A single dot (\f[B].\f[]) may also be used as a synonym for
+\f[B]last\f[].
+These are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+There are two kinds of comments:
+.IP "1." 3
+Block comments are enclosed in \f[B]/*\f[] and \f[B]*/\f[].
+.IP "2." 3
+Line comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next
+newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Named Expressions
+.PP
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+.IP "1." 3
+Variables: \f[B]I\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+Array Elements: \f[B]I[E]\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]ibase\f[]
+.IP "4." 3
+\f[B]obase\f[]
+.IP "5." 3
+\f[B]scale\f[]
+.IP "6." 3
+\f[B]last\f[] or a single dot (\f[B].\f[])
+.PP
+Number 6 is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the
+same as variables.
+This also applies to functions (see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section), so
+a user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same
+name, and they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions
+or not.
+.PP
+Named expressions are required as the operand of
+\f[B]increment\f[]/\f[B]decrement\f[] operators and as the left side of
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators (see the \f[I]Operators\f[] subsection).
+.SS Operands
+.PP
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+.IP " 1." 4
+Numbers (see the \f[I]Numbers\f[] subsection below).
+.IP " 2." 4
+Array indices (\f[B]I[E]\f[]).
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B](E)\f[]: The value of \f[B]E\f[] (used to change precedence).
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]sqrt(E)\f[]: The square root of \f[B]E\f[].
+\f[B]E\f[] must be non\-negative.
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]length(E)\f[]: The number of significant decimal digits in
+\f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]length(I[])\f[]: The number of elements in the array \f[B]I\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 7." 4
+\f[B]scale(E)\f[]: The \f[I]scale\f[] of \f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]abs(E)\f[]: The absolute value of \f[B]E\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a non\-\f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]read()\f[]: Reads a line from \f[B]stdin\f[] and uses that as an
+expression.
+The result of that expression is the result of the \f[B]read()\f[]
+operand.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]maxibase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]ibase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]maxobase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]obase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "13." 4
+\f[B]maxscale()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]scale\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Numbers
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most
+\f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]Z\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]35\f[].
+.SS Operators
+.PP
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used.
+They are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+Operators in the same group have the same precedence.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+Type: Prefix and Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]increment\f[], \f[B]decrement\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[] \f[B]!\f[]
+Type: Prefix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]negation\f[], \f[B]boolean not\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]power\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[] \f[B]/\f[] \f[B]%\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]multiply\f[], \f[B]divide\f[], \f[B]modulus\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[] \f[B]\-\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]add\f[], \f[B]subtract\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]assignment\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]relational\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean and\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean or\f[]
+.RE
+.PP
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+The prefix and postfix \f[B]increment\f[] and \f[B]decrement\f[]
+operators behave exactly like they would in C.
+They require a named expression (see the \f[I]Named Expressions\f[]
+subsection) as an operand.
+.RS
+.PP
+The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them
+where possible.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]negation\f[] operator returns \f[B]0\f[] if a user attempts to
+negate any expression with the value \f[B]0\f[].
+Otherwise, a copy of the expression with its sign flipped is returned.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean not\f[] operator returns \f[B]1\f[] if the expression
+is \f[B]0\f[], or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The \f[B]power\f[] operator (not the \f[B]exclusive or\f[] operator, as
+it would be in C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the
+power of the value of the second.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]), and if it
+is negative, the first value must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The \f[B]multiply\f[] operator takes two expressions, multiplies them,
+and returns the product.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The \f[B]divide\f[] operator takes two expressions, divides them, and
+returns the quotient.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result shall be the value of \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The \f[B]modulus\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and evaluates them by 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[] and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The \f[B]add\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the sum, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the max
+of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]subtract\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the difference, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to
+the max of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[]
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators take two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[] where \f[B]a\f[] is a named expression (see the \f[I]Named
+Expressions\f[] subsection).
+.RS
+.PP
+For \f[B]=\f[], \f[B]b\f[] is copied and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+For all others, \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[] are applied as operands to the
+corresponding arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+The \f[B]relational\f[] operators compare two expressions, \f[B]a\f[]
+and \f[B]b\f[], and if the relation holds, according to C language
+semantics, the result is \f[B]1\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators, which means that \f[B]a=b>c\f[] is
+interpreted as \f[B](a=b)>c\f[].
+.PP
+Also, unlike the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+requires, these operators can appear anywhere any other expressions can
+be used.
+This allowance is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean and\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if both expressions are non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean or\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if one of the expressions is non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Statements
+.PP
+The following items are statements:
+.IP " 1." 4
+\f[B]E\f[]
+.IP " 2." 4
+\f[B]{\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B];\f[] ...
+\f[B];\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]}\f[]
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]else\f[]
+\f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]while\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]for\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[]
+\f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 7." 4
+An empty statement
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]break\f[]
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]continue\f[]
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]quit\f[]
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]halt\f[]
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]limits\f[]
+.IP "13." 4
+A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]print\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B],\f[] ...
+\f[B],\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.PP
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Also, as a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], any or all of the
+expressions in the header of a for loop may be omitted.
+If the condition (second expression) is omitted, it is assumed to be a
+constant \f[B]1\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]break\f[] statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume
+execution immediately following a loop.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]continue\f[] statement causes a loop iteration to stop early
+and returns to the start of the loop, including testing the loop
+condition.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]if\f[] \f[B]else\f[] statement does the same thing as in C.
+.PP
+The \f[B]quit\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a
+branch that will not be executed (it is a compile\-time command).
+.PP
+The \f[B]halt\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed.
+(Unlike \f[B]quit\f[] if it is on a branch of an \f[B]if\f[] statement
+that is not executed, bc(1) does not quit.)
+.PP
+The \f[B]limits\f[] statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is
+subject to.
+This is like the \f[B]quit\f[] statement in that it is a compile\-time
+command.
+.PP
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+.SS Print Statement
+.PP
+The "expressions" in a \f[B]print\f[] statement may also be strings.
+If they are, there are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted
+specially.
+What those sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown
+below:
+.PP
+.TS
+tab(@);
+l l.
+T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\\\\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\e\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\q\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]"\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}
+.TE
+.PP
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and
+character to be printed as\-is.
+.PP
+Any non\-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to
+\f[B]last\f[], like any other expression that is printed.
+.SS Order of Evaluation
+.PP
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as
+necessary to maintain order of operations.
+This means, for example, assuming that \f[B]i\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0\f[], in the expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+a[i++]\ =\ i++
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first (or 0th) element of \f[B]a\f[] is set to \f[B]1\f[], and
+\f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] at the end of the expression.
+.PP
+This includes function arguments.
+Thus, assuming \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], this means that in the
+expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+x(i++,\ i++)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first argument passed to \f[B]x()\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], and the second
+argument is \f[B]1\f[], while \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] before
+the function starts executing.
+.SH FUNCTIONS
+.PP
+Function definitions are as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return(E)
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list or \f[B]auto\f[] list may be
+replaced with \f[B]I[]\f[] to make a parameter or \f[B]auto\f[] var an
+array, and any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list may be replaced with
+\f[B]*I[]\f[] to make a parameter an array reference.
+Callers of functions that take array references should not put an
+asterisk in the call; they must be called with just \f[B]I[]\f[] like
+normal array parameters and will be automatically converted into
+references.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the opening brace of a
+\f[B]define\f[] statement may appear on the next line.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the return statement may also be
+in one of the following forms:
+.IP "1." 3
+\f[B]return\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B])\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.PP
+The first two, or not specifying a \f[B]return\f[] statement, is
+equivalent to \f[B]return (0)\f[], unless the function is a
+\f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection
+below).
+.SS Void Functions
+.PP
+Functions can also be \f[B]void\f[] functions, defined as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an
+expression would be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+.PP
+Void functions can only use the first two \f[B]return\f[] statements
+listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+.PP
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to
+have variables, arrays, and functions named \f[B]void\f[].
+The word "void" is only treated specially right after the
+\f[B]define\f[] keyword.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Array References
+.PP
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the
+form
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+*I[]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+it is a \f[B]reference\f[].
+Any changes to the array in the function are reflected, when the
+function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+.PP
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH LIBRARY
+.PP
+All of the functions below are available when the \f[B]\-l\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[] command\-line flags are given.
+.SS Standard Library
+.PP
+The
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+defines the following functions for the math library:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l(x)\f[]
+Returns the natural logarithm of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]e(x)\f[]
+Returns the mathematical constant \f[B]e\f[] raised to the power of
+\f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+Returns the bessel integer order \f[B]n\f[] (truncated) of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.SS Transcendental Functions
+.PP
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up
+to 1 ULP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place)).
+This is unavoidable, and this
+article (https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT) explains
+why it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the
+transcendental functions.
+.PP
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those
+functions with the precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) set to at least 1 higher
+than is necessary.
+If exact results are \f[I]absolutely\f[] required, users can double the
+precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) and then truncate.
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]s(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]c(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]e(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all functions returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.PP
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which
+attempts to start executing the statement right after the one that
+caused an error.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most bc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This bc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+The actual values of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] and \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[] can
+be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+bc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+The actual values can be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]POSIXLY_CORRECT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+the \f[B]\-s\f[] option was given.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to bc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "bc"
+file.bc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), bc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash (\f[B]\\\f[]).
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware
+integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and
+attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]) operator and the corresponding assignment operator.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, using a token
+where it is invalid, giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid
+print statement, giving an invalid function definition, attempting to
+assign to an expression that is not a named expression (see the
+\f[I]Named Expressions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section),
+giving an invalid \f[B]auto\f[] list, having a duplicate
+\f[B]auto\f[]/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code
+block, attempting to return a value from a \f[B]void\f[] function,
+attempting to use a variable as a reference, and using any extensions
+when the option \f[B]\-s\f[] or any equivalents were given.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, passing the wrong number of arguments
+to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and attempting
+to use a \f[B]void\f[] function call as a value in an expression.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (bc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+bc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Per the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the \f[B]COMMAND
+LINE HISTORY\f[] section).
+It is also required to enable special handling for \f[B]SIGINT\f[]
+signals.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If bc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If bc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to bc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause bc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+The one exception is \f[B]SIGHUP\f[]; in that case, when bc(1) is in TTY
+mode, a \f[B]SIGHUP\f[] will cause bc(1) to clean up and exit.
+.SH COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+.PP
+bc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), history is
+enabled.
+Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+dc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+bc(1) is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+The flags \f[B]\-efghiqsvVw\f[], all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+.PP
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts
+numbers that use a period (\f[B].\f[]) as a radix point, regardless of
+the value of \f[B]LC_NUMERIC\f[].
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHORS
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/ENP.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EP.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EP.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EP.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1334 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "BC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH NAME
+.PP
+bc \- arbitrary\-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]bc\f[] [\f[B]\-ghilPqsvVw\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in
+1991 by POSIX.
+(The current standard is
+here (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).)
+The language provides unlimited precision decimal arithmetic and is
+somewhat C\-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+.PP
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on
+the command line and executes them before reading from \f[B]stdin\f[].
+.PP
+This bc(1) is a drop\-in replacement for \f[I]any\f[] bc(1), including
+(and especially) the GNU bc(1).
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+.PP
+\f[B]\-g\f[], \f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+Turns\ the\ globals\ **ibase**,\ **obase**,\ and\ **scale**\ into\ stacks.
+
+This\ has\ the\ effect\ that\ a\ copy\ of\ the\ current\ value\ of\ all\ three\ are\ pushed
+onto\ a\ stack\ for\ every\ function\ call,\ as\ well\ as\ popped\ when\ every\ function
+returns.\ This\ means\ that\ functions\ can\ assign\ to\ any\ and\ all\ of\ those
+globals\ without\ worrying\ that\ the\ change\ will\ affect\ other\ functions.
+Thus,\ a\ hypothetical\ function\ named\ **output(x,b)**\ that\ simply\ printed
+**x**\ in\ base\ **b**\ could\ be\ written\ like\ this:
+
+\ \ \ \ define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ }
+
+instead\ of\ like\ this:
+
+\ \ \ \ define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ auto\ c
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ c=obase
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ obase=c
+\ \ \ \ }
+
+This\ makes\ writing\ functions\ much\ easier.
+
+However,\ since\ using\ this\ flag\ means\ that\ functions\ cannot\ set\ **ibase**,
+**obase**,\ or\ **scale**\ globally,\ functions\ that\ are\ made\ to\ do\ so\ cannot
+work\ anymore.\ There\ are\ two\ possible\ use\ cases\ for\ that,\ and\ each\ has\ a
+solution.
+
+First,\ if\ a\ function\ is\ called\ on\ startup\ to\ turn\ bc(1)\ into\ a\ number
+converter,\ it\ is\ possible\ to\ replace\ that\ capability\ with\ various\ shell
+aliases.\ Examples:
+
+\ \ \ \ alias\ d2o="bc\ \-e\ ibase=A\ \-e\ obase=8"
+\ \ \ \ alias\ h2b="bc\ \-e\ ibase=G\ \-e\ obase=2"
+
+Second,\ if\ the\ purpose\ of\ a\ function\ is\ to\ set\ **ibase**,\ **obase**,\ or
+**scale**\ globally\ for\ any\ other\ purpose,\ it\ could\ be\ split\ into\ one\ to
+three\ functions\ (based\ on\ how\ many\ globals\ it\ sets)\ and\ each\ of\ those
+functions\ could\ return\ the\ desired\ value\ for\ a\ global.
+
+If\ the\ behavior\ of\ this\ option\ is\ desired\ for\ every\ run\ of\ bc(1),\ then\ users
+could\ make\ sure\ to\ define\ **BC_ENV_ARGS**\ and\ include\ this\ option\ (see\ the
+**ENVIRONMENT\ VARIABLES**\ section\ for\ more\ details).
+
+If\ **\-s**,\ **\-w**,\ or\ any\ equivalents\ are\ used,\ this\ option\ is\ ignored.
+
+This\ is\ a\ **non\-portable\ extension**.
+\f[]
+.fi
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-l\f[], \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]
+Sets \f[B]scale\f[] (see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) to \f[B]20\f[] and
+loads the included math library before running any code, including any
+expressions or files specified on the command line.
+.RS
+.PP
+To learn what is in the library, see the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+This option is a no\-op.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-q\f[], \f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]
+Do not print copyright header.
+bc(1) will also suppress the header in non\-interactive mode.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is mostly for compatibility with the GNU
+bc(1) (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-\-standard\f[]
+Process exactly the language defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+and error if any extensions are used.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-w\f[], \f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+Like \f[B]\-s\f[] and \f[B]\-\-standard\f[], except that warnings (and
+not errors) are printed for non\-standard extensions and execution
+continues normally.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C\-like, with some differences.
+This bc(1) follows the POSIX
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+which is a much more thorough resource for the language this bc(1)
+accepts.
+This section is meant to be a summary and a listing of all the
+extensions to the standard.
+.PP
+In the sections below, \f[B]E\f[] means expression, \f[B]S\f[] means
+statement, and \f[B]I\f[] means identifier.
+.PP
+Identifiers (\f[B]I\f[]) start with a lowercase letter and can be
+followed by any number (up to \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\-1\f[]) of lowercase
+letters (\f[B]a\-z\f[]), digits (\f[B]0\-9\f[]), and underscores
+(\f[B]_\f[]).
+The regex is \f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[].
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a global variable determining how to interpret
+constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+If the \f[B]\-s\f[] (\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]) and \f[B]\-w\f[]
+(\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]) flags were not given on the command line, the max
+allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]36\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in bc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]maxibase()\f[] built\-in function.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a global variable determining how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxobase()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+Values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a global variable that sets the precision of any operations, with
+exceptions.
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] is \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxscale()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+.PP
+bc(1) has both \f[I]global\f[] variables and \f[I]local\f[] variables.
+All \f[I]local\f[] variables are local to the function; they are
+parameters or are introduced in the \f[B]auto\f[] list of a function
+(see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+If a variable is accessed which is not a parameter or in the
+\f[B]auto\f[] list, it is assumed to be \f[I]global\f[].
+If a parent function has a \f[I]local\f[] variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers \f[I]global\f[], the value of that
+\f[I]global\f[] variable in the child function is the value of the
+variable in the parent function, not the value of the actual
+\f[I]global\f[] variable.
+.PP
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+.PP
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence
+operator is an assignment operator \f[I]and\f[] the expression is
+notsurrounded by parentheses.
+.PP
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable
+\f[B]last\f[].
+A single dot (\f[B].\f[]) may also be used as a synonym for
+\f[B]last\f[].
+These are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+There are two kinds of comments:
+.IP "1." 3
+Block comments are enclosed in \f[B]/*\f[] and \f[B]*/\f[].
+.IP "2." 3
+Line comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next
+newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Named Expressions
+.PP
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+.IP "1." 3
+Variables: \f[B]I\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+Array Elements: \f[B]I[E]\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]ibase\f[]
+.IP "4." 3
+\f[B]obase\f[]
+.IP "5." 3
+\f[B]scale\f[]
+.IP "6." 3
+\f[B]last\f[] or a single dot (\f[B].\f[])
+.PP
+Number 6 is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the
+same as variables.
+This also applies to functions (see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section), so
+a user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same
+name, and they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions
+or not.
+.PP
+Named expressions are required as the operand of
+\f[B]increment\f[]/\f[B]decrement\f[] operators and as the left side of
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators (see the \f[I]Operators\f[] subsection).
+.SS Operands
+.PP
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+.IP " 1." 4
+Numbers (see the \f[I]Numbers\f[] subsection below).
+.IP " 2." 4
+Array indices (\f[B]I[E]\f[]).
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B](E)\f[]: The value of \f[B]E\f[] (used to change precedence).
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]sqrt(E)\f[]: The square root of \f[B]E\f[].
+\f[B]E\f[] must be non\-negative.
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]length(E)\f[]: The number of significant decimal digits in
+\f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]length(I[])\f[]: The number of elements in the array \f[B]I\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 7." 4
+\f[B]scale(E)\f[]: The \f[I]scale\f[] of \f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]abs(E)\f[]: The absolute value of \f[B]E\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a non\-\f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]read()\f[]: Reads a line from \f[B]stdin\f[] and uses that as an
+expression.
+The result of that expression is the result of the \f[B]read()\f[]
+operand.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]maxibase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]ibase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]maxobase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]obase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "13." 4
+\f[B]maxscale()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]scale\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Numbers
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most
+\f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]Z\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]35\f[].
+.SS Operators
+.PP
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used.
+They are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+Operators in the same group have the same precedence.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+Type: Prefix and Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]increment\f[], \f[B]decrement\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[] \f[B]!\f[]
+Type: Prefix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]negation\f[], \f[B]boolean not\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]power\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[] \f[B]/\f[] \f[B]%\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]multiply\f[], \f[B]divide\f[], \f[B]modulus\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[] \f[B]\-\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]add\f[], \f[B]subtract\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]assignment\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]relational\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean and\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean or\f[]
+.RE
+.PP
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+The prefix and postfix \f[B]increment\f[] and \f[B]decrement\f[]
+operators behave exactly like they would in C.
+They require a named expression (see the \f[I]Named Expressions\f[]
+subsection) as an operand.
+.RS
+.PP
+The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them
+where possible.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]negation\f[] operator returns \f[B]0\f[] if a user attempts to
+negate any expression with the value \f[B]0\f[].
+Otherwise, a copy of the expression with its sign flipped is returned.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean not\f[] operator returns \f[B]1\f[] if the expression
+is \f[B]0\f[], or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The \f[B]power\f[] operator (not the \f[B]exclusive or\f[] operator, as
+it would be in C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the
+power of the value of the second.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]), and if it
+is negative, the first value must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The \f[B]multiply\f[] operator takes two expressions, multiplies them,
+and returns the product.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The \f[B]divide\f[] operator takes two expressions, divides them, and
+returns the quotient.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result shall be the value of \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The \f[B]modulus\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and evaluates them by 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[] and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The \f[B]add\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the sum, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the max
+of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]subtract\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the difference, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to
+the max of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[]
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators take two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[] where \f[B]a\f[] is a named expression (see the \f[I]Named
+Expressions\f[] subsection).
+.RS
+.PP
+For \f[B]=\f[], \f[B]b\f[] is copied and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+For all others, \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[] are applied as operands to the
+corresponding arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+The \f[B]relational\f[] operators compare two expressions, \f[B]a\f[]
+and \f[B]b\f[], and if the relation holds, according to C language
+semantics, the result is \f[B]1\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators, which means that \f[B]a=b>c\f[] is
+interpreted as \f[B](a=b)>c\f[].
+.PP
+Also, unlike the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+requires, these operators can appear anywhere any other expressions can
+be used.
+This allowance is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean and\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if both expressions are non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean or\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if one of the expressions is non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Statements
+.PP
+The following items are statements:
+.IP " 1." 4
+\f[B]E\f[]
+.IP " 2." 4
+\f[B]{\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B];\f[] ...
+\f[B];\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]}\f[]
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]else\f[]
+\f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]while\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]for\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[]
+\f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 7." 4
+An empty statement
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]break\f[]
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]continue\f[]
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]quit\f[]
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]halt\f[]
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]limits\f[]
+.IP "13." 4
+A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]print\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B],\f[] ...
+\f[B],\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.PP
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Also, as a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], any or all of the
+expressions in the header of a for loop may be omitted.
+If the condition (second expression) is omitted, it is assumed to be a
+constant \f[B]1\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]break\f[] statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume
+execution immediately following a loop.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]continue\f[] statement causes a loop iteration to stop early
+and returns to the start of the loop, including testing the loop
+condition.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]if\f[] \f[B]else\f[] statement does the same thing as in C.
+.PP
+The \f[B]quit\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a
+branch that will not be executed (it is a compile\-time command).
+.PP
+The \f[B]halt\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed.
+(Unlike \f[B]quit\f[] if it is on a branch of an \f[B]if\f[] statement
+that is not executed, bc(1) does not quit.)
+.PP
+The \f[B]limits\f[] statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is
+subject to.
+This is like the \f[B]quit\f[] statement in that it is a compile\-time
+command.
+.PP
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+.SS Print Statement
+.PP
+The "expressions" in a \f[B]print\f[] statement may also be strings.
+If they are, there are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted
+specially.
+What those sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown
+below:
+.PP
+.TS
+tab(@);
+l l.
+T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\\\\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\e\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\q\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]"\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}
+.TE
+.PP
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and
+character to be printed as\-is.
+.PP
+Any non\-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to
+\f[B]last\f[], like any other expression that is printed.
+.SS Order of Evaluation
+.PP
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as
+necessary to maintain order of operations.
+This means, for example, assuming that \f[B]i\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0\f[], in the expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+a[i++]\ =\ i++
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first (or 0th) element of \f[B]a\f[] is set to \f[B]1\f[], and
+\f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] at the end of the expression.
+.PP
+This includes function arguments.
+Thus, assuming \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], this means that in the
+expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+x(i++,\ i++)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first argument passed to \f[B]x()\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], and the second
+argument is \f[B]1\f[], while \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] before
+the function starts executing.
+.SH FUNCTIONS
+.PP
+Function definitions are as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return(E)
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list or \f[B]auto\f[] list may be
+replaced with \f[B]I[]\f[] to make a parameter or \f[B]auto\f[] var an
+array, and any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list may be replaced with
+\f[B]*I[]\f[] to make a parameter an array reference.
+Callers of functions that take array references should not put an
+asterisk in the call; they must be called with just \f[B]I[]\f[] like
+normal array parameters and will be automatically converted into
+references.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the opening brace of a
+\f[B]define\f[] statement may appear on the next line.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the return statement may also be
+in one of the following forms:
+.IP "1." 3
+\f[B]return\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B])\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.PP
+The first two, or not specifying a \f[B]return\f[] statement, is
+equivalent to \f[B]return (0)\f[], unless the function is a
+\f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection
+below).
+.SS Void Functions
+.PP
+Functions can also be \f[B]void\f[] functions, defined as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an
+expression would be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+.PP
+Void functions can only use the first two \f[B]return\f[] statements
+listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+.PP
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to
+have variables, arrays, and functions named \f[B]void\f[].
+The word "void" is only treated specially right after the
+\f[B]define\f[] keyword.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Array References
+.PP
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the
+form
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+*I[]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+it is a \f[B]reference\f[].
+Any changes to the array in the function are reflected, when the
+function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+.PP
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH LIBRARY
+.PP
+All of the functions below are available when the \f[B]\-l\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[] command\-line flags are given.
+.SS Standard Library
+.PP
+The
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+defines the following functions for the math library:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l(x)\f[]
+Returns the natural logarithm of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]e(x)\f[]
+Returns the mathematical constant \f[B]e\f[] raised to the power of
+\f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+Returns the bessel integer order \f[B]n\f[] (truncated) of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.SS Transcendental Functions
+.PP
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up
+to 1 ULP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place)).
+This is unavoidable, and this
+article (https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT) explains
+why it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the
+transcendental functions.
+.PP
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those
+functions with the precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) set to at least 1 higher
+than is necessary.
+If exact results are \f[I]absolutely\f[] required, users can double the
+precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) and then truncate.
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]s(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]c(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]e(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all functions returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.PP
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which
+attempts to start executing the statement right after the one that
+caused an error.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most bc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This bc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+The actual values of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] and \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[] can
+be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+bc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+The actual values can be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]POSIXLY_CORRECT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+the \f[B]\-s\f[] option was given.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to bc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "bc"
+file.bc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), bc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash (\f[B]\\\f[]).
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware
+integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and
+attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]) operator and the corresponding assignment operator.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, using a token
+where it is invalid, giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid
+print statement, giving an invalid function definition, attempting to
+assign to an expression that is not a named expression (see the
+\f[I]Named Expressions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section),
+giving an invalid \f[B]auto\f[] list, having a duplicate
+\f[B]auto\f[]/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code
+block, attempting to return a value from a \f[B]void\f[] function,
+attempting to use a variable as a reference, and using any extensions
+when the option \f[B]\-s\f[] or any equivalents were given.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, passing the wrong number of arguments
+to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and attempting
+to use a \f[B]void\f[] function call as a value in an expression.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (bc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+bc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Per the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the \f[B]COMMAND
+LINE HISTORY\f[] section).
+It is also required to enable special handling for \f[B]SIGINT\f[]
+signals.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If bc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If bc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to bc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause bc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+The one exception is \f[B]SIGHUP\f[]; in that case, when bc(1) is in TTY
+mode, a \f[B]SIGHUP\f[] will cause bc(1) to clean up and exit.
+.SH COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+.PP
+bc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), history is
+enabled.
+Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+.SH LOCALES
+.PP
+This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different
+locales and thus, supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGES\f[].
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+dc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+bc(1) is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+The flags \f[B]\-efghiqsvVw\f[], all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+.PP
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts
+numbers that use a period (\f[B].\f[]) as a radix point, regardless of
+the value of \f[B]LC_NUMERIC\f[].
+.PP
+This bc(1) supports error messages for different locales, and thus, it
+supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGES\f[].
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHORS
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EP.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/H.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/H.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/H.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2079 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "BC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH NAME
+.PP
+bc \- arbitrary\-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]bc\f[] [\f[B]\-ghilPqsvVw\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in
+1991 by POSIX.
+(The current standard is
+here (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).)
+The language provides unlimited precision decimal arithmetic and is
+somewhat C\-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+.PP
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on
+the command line and executes them before reading from \f[B]stdin\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-g\f[], \f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]
+Turns the globals \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], and
+\f[B]seed\f[] into stacks.
+.RS
+.PP
+This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all four are
+pushed onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when
+every function returns.
+This means that functions can assign to any and all of those globals
+without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+Thus, a hypothetical function named \f[B]output(x,b)\f[] that simply
+printed \f[B]x\f[] in base \f[B]b\f[] could be written like this:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ x
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+instead of like this:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ auto\ c
+\ \ \ \ c=obase
+\ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ obase=c
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+This makes writing functions much easier.
+.PP
+(\f[B]Note\f[]: the function \f[B]output(x,b)\f[] exists in the extended
+math library.
+See the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.)
+.PP
+However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], or \f[B]seed\f[]
+globally, functions that are made to do so cannot work anymore.
+There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a solution.
+.PP
+First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+aliases.
+Examples:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+alias\ d2o="bc\ \-e\ ibase=A\ \-e\ obase=8"
+alias\ h2b="bc\ \-e\ ibase=G\ \-e\ obase=2"
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Second, if the purpose of a function is to set \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], or \f[B]seed\f[] globally for any other
+purpose, it could be split into one to four functions (based on how many
+globals it sets) and each of those functions could return the desired
+value for a global.
+.PP
+For functions that set \f[B]seed\f[], the value assigned to
+\f[B]seed\f[] is not propagated to parent functions.
+This means that the sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that they see
+will not be the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that any parent
+sees.
+This is only the case once \f[B]seed\f[] has been set.
+.PP
+If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo\-random
+numbers of its parents, but wants to use the same \f[B]seed\f[], it can
+use the following line:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+seed\ =\ seed
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then
+users could make sure to define \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] and include this
+option (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section for more
+details).
+.PP
+If \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-w\f[], or any equivalents are used, this option
+is ignored.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-l\f[], \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]
+Sets \f[B]scale\f[] (see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) to \f[B]20\f[] and
+loads the included math library and the extended math library before
+running any code, including any expressions or files specified on the
+command line.
+.RS
+.PP
+To learn what is in the libraries, see the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+Disables the prompt in TTY mode.
+(The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+See the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section) This is mostly for those users that
+do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in bc(1).
+Most of those users would want to put this option in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-q\f[], \f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]
+Do not print copyright header.
+bc(1) will also suppress the header in non\-interactive mode.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is mostly for compatibility with the GNU
+bc(1) (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-\-standard\f[]
+Process exactly the language defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+and error if any extensions are used.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-w\f[], \f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+Like \f[B]\-s\f[] and \f[B]\-\-standard\f[], except that warnings (and
+not errors) are printed for non\-standard extensions and execution
+continues normally.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C\-like, with some differences.
+This bc(1) follows the POSIX
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+which is a much more thorough resource for the language this bc(1)
+accepts.
+This section is meant to be a summary and a listing of all the
+extensions to the standard.
+.PP
+In the sections below, \f[B]E\f[] means expression, \f[B]S\f[] means
+statement, and \f[B]I\f[] means identifier.
+.PP
+Identifiers (\f[B]I\f[]) start with a lowercase letter and can be
+followed by any number (up to \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\-1\f[]) of lowercase
+letters (\f[B]a\-z\f[]), digits (\f[B]0\-9\f[]), and underscores
+(\f[B]_\f[]).
+The regex is \f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[].
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a global variable determining how to interpret
+constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+If the \f[B]\-s\f[] (\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]) and \f[B]\-w\f[]
+(\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]) flags were not given on the command line, the max
+allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]36\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in bc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]maxibase()\f[] built\-in function.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a global variable determining how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxobase()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[].
+If \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], values are output in scientific
+notation, and if \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]1\f[], values are output in
+engineering notation.
+Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are
+\f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a global variable that sets the precision of any operations, with
+exceptions.
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] is \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxscale()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+.PP
+bc(1) has both \f[I]global\f[] variables and \f[I]local\f[] variables.
+All \f[I]local\f[] variables are local to the function; they are
+parameters or are introduced in the \f[B]auto\f[] list of a function
+(see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+If a variable is accessed which is not a parameter or in the
+\f[B]auto\f[] list, it is assumed to be \f[I]global\f[].
+If a parent function has a \f[I]local\f[] variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers \f[I]global\f[], the value of that
+\f[I]global\f[] variable in the child function is the value of the
+variable in the parent function, not the value of the actual
+\f[I]global\f[] variable.
+.PP
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+.PP
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence
+operator is an assignment operator \f[I]and\f[] the expression is
+notsurrounded by parentheses.
+.PP
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable
+\f[B]last\f[].
+A single dot (\f[B].\f[]) may also be used as a synonym for
+\f[B]last\f[].
+These are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+There are two kinds of comments:
+.IP "1." 3
+Block comments are enclosed in \f[B]/*\f[] and \f[B]*/\f[].
+.IP "2." 3
+Line comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next
+newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Named Expressions
+.PP
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+.IP "1." 3
+Variables: \f[B]I\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+Array Elements: \f[B]I[E]\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]ibase\f[]
+.IP "4." 3
+\f[B]obase\f[]
+.IP "5." 3
+\f[B]scale\f[]
+.IP "6." 3
+\f[B]seed\f[]
+.IP "7." 3
+\f[B]last\f[] or a single dot (\f[B].\f[])
+.PP
+Numbers 6 and 7 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The meaning of \f[B]seed\f[] is dependent on the current pseudo\-random
+number generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major
+versions.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] and sign of the value may be significant.
+.PP
+If a previously used \f[B]seed\f[] value is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[]
+and used again, the pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers as it did when the
+\f[B]seed\f[] value was previously used.
+.PP
+The exact value assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] is not guaranteed to be
+returned if \f[B]seed\f[] is queried again immediately.
+However, if \f[B]seed\f[] \f[I]does\f[] return a different value, both
+values, when assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], are guaranteed to produce the
+same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers.
+This means that certain values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] will
+\f[I]not\f[] produce unique sequences of pseudo\-random numbers.
+The value of \f[B]seed\f[] will change after any use of the
+\f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] operands (see the
+\f[I]Operands\f[] subsection below), except if the parameter passed to
+\f[B]irand(E)\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], \f[B]1\f[], or negative.
+.PP
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits)
+or \f[I]scale\f[] of the value that can be assigned to \f[B]seed\f[].
+.PP
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the
+same as variables.
+This also applies to functions (see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section), so
+a user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same
+name, and they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions
+or not.
+.PP
+Named expressions are required as the operand of
+\f[B]increment\f[]/\f[B]decrement\f[] operators and as the left side of
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators (see the \f[I]Operators\f[] subsection).
+.SS Operands
+.PP
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+.IP " 1." 4
+Numbers (see the \f[I]Numbers\f[] subsection below).
+.IP " 2." 4
+Array indices (\f[B]I[E]\f[]).
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B](E)\f[]: The value of \f[B]E\f[] (used to change precedence).
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]sqrt(E)\f[]: The square root of \f[B]E\f[].
+\f[B]E\f[] must be non\-negative.
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]length(E)\f[]: The number of significant decimal digits in
+\f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]length(I[])\f[]: The number of elements in the array \f[B]I\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 7." 4
+\f[B]scale(E)\f[]: The \f[I]scale\f[] of \f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]abs(E)\f[]: The absolute value of \f[B]E\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a non\-\f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]read()\f[]: Reads a line from \f[B]stdin\f[] and uses that as an
+expression.
+The result of that expression is the result of the \f[B]read()\f[]
+operand.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]maxibase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]ibase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]maxobase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]obase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "13." 4
+\f[B]maxscale()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]scale\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]rand()\f[]: A pseudo\-random integer between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive)
+and \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[] (inclusive).
+Using this operand will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]irand(E)\f[]: A pseudo\-random integer between \f[B]0\f[]
+(inclusive) and the value of \f[B]E\f[] (exclusive).
+If \f[B]E\f[] is negative or is a non\-integer (\f[B]E\f[]\[aq]s
+\f[I]scale\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[]), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets
+(see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) while \f[B]seed\f[] remains unchanged.
+If \f[B]E\f[] is larger than \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[], the higher bound is
+honored by generating several pseudo\-random integers, multiplying them
+by appropriate powers of \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX+1\f[], and adding them
+together.
+Thus, the size of integer that can be generated with this operand is
+unbounded.
+Using this operand will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[], unless the
+value of \f[B]E\f[] is \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+In that case, \f[B]0\f[] is returned, and \f[B]seed\f[] is \f[I]not\f[]
+changed.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "16." 4
+\f[B]maxrand()\f[]: The max integer returned by \f[B]rand()\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+The integers generated by \f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] are
+guaranteed to be as unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of
+the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: The values returned by the pseudo\-random number
+generator with \f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] are guaranteed to
+\f[I]NOT\f[] be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo\-random number generator.
+However, they \f[I]are\f[] guaranteed to be reproducible with identical
+\f[B]seed\f[] values.
+.SS Numbers
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most
+\f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]Z\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]35\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, bc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation.
+These have the form \f[B]<number>e<integer>\f[].
+The power (the portion after the \f[B]e\f[]) must be an integer.
+An example is \f[B]1.89237e9\f[], which is equal to \f[B]1892370000\f[].
+Negative exponents are also allowed, so \f[B]4.2890e\-3\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0.0042890\f[].
+.PP
+Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the \f[B]\-s\f[] or
+\f[B]\-w\f[], respectively, command\-line options (or equivalents) are
+given.
+.PP
+\f[B]WARNING\f[]: Both the number and the exponent in scientific
+notation are interpreted according to the current \f[B]ibase\f[], but
+the number is still multiplied by \f[B]10^exponent\f[] regardless of the
+current \f[B]ibase\f[].
+For example, if \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[] and bc(1) is given the
+number string \f[B]FFeA\f[], the resulting decimal number will be
+\f[B]2550000000000\f[], and if bc(1) is given the number string
+\f[B]10e\-4\f[], the resulting decimal number will be \f[B]0.0016\f[].
+.PP
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a \f[B]non\-portable
+extension\f[].
+.SS Operators
+.PP
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used.
+They are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+Operators in the same group have the same precedence.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+Type: Prefix and Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]increment\f[], \f[B]decrement\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[] \f[B]!\f[]
+Type: Prefix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]negation\f[], \f[B]boolean not\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+Type: Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]truncation\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]set precision\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]power\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[] \f[B]/\f[] \f[B]%\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]multiply\f[], \f[B]divide\f[], \f[B]modulus\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[] \f[B]\-\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]add\f[], \f[B]subtract\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<<\f[] \f[B]>>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]shift left\f[], \f[B]shift right\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]<<=\f[] \f[B]>>=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[] \f[B]\@=\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]assignment\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]relational\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean and\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean or\f[]
+.RE
+.PP
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+The prefix and postfix \f[B]increment\f[] and \f[B]decrement\f[]
+operators behave exactly like they would in C.
+They require a named expression (see the \f[I]Named Expressions\f[]
+subsection) as an operand.
+.RS
+.PP
+The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them
+where possible.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]negation\f[] operator returns \f[B]0\f[] if a user attempts to
+negate any expression with the value \f[B]0\f[].
+Otherwise, a copy of the expression with its sign flipped is returned.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean not\f[] operator returns \f[B]1\f[] if the expression
+is \f[B]0\f[], or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+The \f[B]truncation\f[] operator returns a copy of the given expression
+with all of its \f[I]scale\f[] removed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+The \f[B]set precision\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns a
+copy of the first with its \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the value of the
+second expression.
+That could either mean that the number is returned without change (if
+the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression matches the value of the
+second expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is
+more).
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The \f[B]power\f[] operator (not the \f[B]exclusive or\f[] operator, as
+it would be in C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the
+power of the value of the second.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]), and if it
+is negative, the first value must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The \f[B]multiply\f[] operator takes two expressions, multiplies them,
+and returns the product.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The \f[B]divide\f[] operator takes two expressions, divides them, and
+returns the quotient.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result shall be the value of \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The \f[B]modulus\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and evaluates them by 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[] and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The \f[B]add\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the sum, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the max
+of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]subtract\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the difference, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to
+the max of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<<\f[]
+The \f[B]left shift\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns a copy of the value of \f[B]a\f[] with its
+decimal point moved \f[B]b\f[] places to the right.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>>\f[]
+The \f[B]right shift\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns a copy of the value of \f[B]a\f[] with its
+decimal point moved \f[B]b\f[] places to the left.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]<<=\f[] \f[B]>>=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[] \f[B]\@=\f[]
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators take two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[] where \f[B]a\f[] is a named expression (see the \f[I]Named
+Expressions\f[] subsection).
+.RS
+.PP
+For \f[B]=\f[], \f[B]b\f[] is copied and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+For all others, \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[] are applied as operands to the
+corresponding arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators that correspond to operators that are
+extensions are themselves \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+The \f[B]relational\f[] operators compare two expressions, \f[B]a\f[]
+and \f[B]b\f[], and if the relation holds, according to C language
+semantics, the result is \f[B]1\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators, which means that \f[B]a=b>c\f[] is
+interpreted as \f[B](a=b)>c\f[].
+.PP
+Also, unlike the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+requires, these operators can appear anywhere any other expressions can
+be used.
+This allowance is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean and\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if both expressions are non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean or\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if one of the expressions is non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Statements
+.PP
+The following items are statements:
+.IP " 1." 4
+\f[B]E\f[]
+.IP " 2." 4
+\f[B]{\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B];\f[] ...
+\f[B];\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]}\f[]
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]else\f[]
+\f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]while\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]for\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[]
+\f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 7." 4
+An empty statement
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]break\f[]
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]continue\f[]
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]quit\f[]
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]halt\f[]
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]limits\f[]
+.IP "13." 4
+A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]print\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B],\f[] ...
+\f[B],\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.PP
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Also, as a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], any or all of the
+expressions in the header of a for loop may be omitted.
+If the condition (second expression) is omitted, it is assumed to be a
+constant \f[B]1\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]break\f[] statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume
+execution immediately following a loop.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]continue\f[] statement causes a loop iteration to stop early
+and returns to the start of the loop, including testing the loop
+condition.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]if\f[] \f[B]else\f[] statement does the same thing as in C.
+.PP
+The \f[B]quit\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a
+branch that will not be executed (it is a compile\-time command).
+.PP
+The \f[B]halt\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed.
+(Unlike \f[B]quit\f[] if it is on a branch of an \f[B]if\f[] statement
+that is not executed, bc(1) does not quit.)
+.PP
+The \f[B]limits\f[] statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is
+subject to.
+This is like the \f[B]quit\f[] statement in that it is a compile\-time
+command.
+.PP
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+.PP
+Both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for
+printing the results of expressions.
+Scientific notation is activated by assigning \f[B]0\f[] to
+\f[B]obase\f[], and engineering notation is activated by assigning
+\f[B]1\f[] to \f[B]obase\f[].
+To deactivate them, just assign a different value to \f[B]obase\f[].
+.PP
+Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is
+run with either the \f[B]\-s\f[] or \f[B]\-w\f[] command\-line options
+(or equivalents).
+.PP
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Print Statement
+.PP
+The "expressions" in a \f[B]print\f[] statement may also be strings.
+If they are, there are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted
+specially.
+What those sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown
+below:
+.PP
+.TS
+tab(@);
+l l.
+T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\\\\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\e\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\q\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]"\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}
+.TE
+.PP
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and
+character to be printed as\-is.
+.PP
+Any non\-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to
+\f[B]last\f[], like any other expression that is printed.
+.SS Order of Evaluation
+.PP
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as
+necessary to maintain order of operations.
+This means, for example, assuming that \f[B]i\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0\f[], in the expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+a[i++]\ =\ i++
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first (or 0th) element of \f[B]a\f[] is set to \f[B]1\f[], and
+\f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] at the end of the expression.
+.PP
+This includes function arguments.
+Thus, assuming \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], this means that in the
+expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+x(i++,\ i++)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first argument passed to \f[B]x()\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], and the second
+argument is \f[B]1\f[], while \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] before
+the function starts executing.
+.SH FUNCTIONS
+.PP
+Function definitions are as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return(E)
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list or \f[B]auto\f[] list may be
+replaced with \f[B]I[]\f[] to make a parameter or \f[B]auto\f[] var an
+array, and any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list may be replaced with
+\f[B]*I[]\f[] to make a parameter an array reference.
+Callers of functions that take array references should not put an
+asterisk in the call; they must be called with just \f[B]I[]\f[] like
+normal array parameters and will be automatically converted into
+references.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the opening brace of a
+\f[B]define\f[] statement may appear on the next line.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the return statement may also be
+in one of the following forms:
+.IP "1." 3
+\f[B]return\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B])\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.PP
+The first two, or not specifying a \f[B]return\f[] statement, is
+equivalent to \f[B]return (0)\f[], unless the function is a
+\f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection
+below).
+.SS Void Functions
+.PP
+Functions can also be \f[B]void\f[] functions, defined as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an
+expression would be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+.PP
+Void functions can only use the first two \f[B]return\f[] statements
+listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+.PP
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to
+have variables, arrays, and functions named \f[B]void\f[].
+The word "void" is only treated specially right after the
+\f[B]define\f[] keyword.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Array References
+.PP
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the
+form
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+*I[]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+it is a \f[B]reference\f[].
+Any changes to the array in the function are reflected, when the
+function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+.PP
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH LIBRARY
+.PP
+All of the functions below, including the functions in the extended math
+library (see the \f[I]Extended Library\f[] subsection below), are
+available when the \f[B]\-l\f[] or \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[] command\-line
+flags are given, except that the extended math library is not available
+when the \f[B]\-s\f[] option, the \f[B]\-w\f[] option, or equivalents
+are given.
+.SS Standard Library
+.PP
+The
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+defines the following functions for the math library:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l(x)\f[]
+Returns the natural logarithm of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]e(x)\f[]
+Returns the mathematical constant \f[B]e\f[] raised to the power of
+\f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+Returns the bessel integer order \f[B]n\f[] (truncated) of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.SS Extended Library
+.PP
+The extended library is \f[I]not\f[] loaded when the
+\f[B]\-s\f[]/\f[B]\-\-standard\f[] or \f[B]\-w\f[]/\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+options are given since they are not part of the library defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).
+.PP
+The extended library is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p(x, y)\f[]
+Calculates \f[B]x\f[] to the power of \f[B]y\f[], even if \f[B]y\f[] is
+not an integer, and returns the result to the current \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r(x, p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] rounded to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places according to the
+rounding mode round half away from
+\f[B]0\f[] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ceil(x, p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] rounded to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places according to the
+rounding mode round away from
+\f[B]0\f[] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f(x)\f[]
+Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]perm(n, k)\f[]
+Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]n\f[] of
+the truncated absolute value of \f[B]k\f[], if \f[B]k <= n\f[].
+If not, it returns \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]comb(n, k)\f[]
+Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]n\f[] of
+the truncated absolute value of \f[B]k\f[], if \f[B]k <= n\f[].
+If not, it returns \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l2(x)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]2\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l10(x)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]10\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]log(x, b)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]b\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]cbrt(x)\f[]
+Returns the cube root of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]root(x, n)\f[]
+Calculates the truncated value of \f[B]n\f[], \f[B]r\f[], and returns
+the \f[B]r\f[]th root of \f[B]x\f[] to the current \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]r\f[] is \f[B]0\f[] or negative, this raises an error and causes
+bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+It also raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset if \f[B]r\f[] is even
+and \f[B]x\f[] is negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]pi(p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]pi\f[] to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]t(x)\f[]
+Returns the tangent of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a2(y, x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]y/x\f[], in radians.
+If both \f[B]y\f[] and \f[B]x\f[] are equal to \f[B]0\f[], it raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, if \f[B]x\f[] is greater than \f[B]0\f[], it returns
+\f[B]a(y/x)\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than or
+equal to \f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)+pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)\-pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]pi/2\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]\-pi/2\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This function is the same as the \f[B]atan2()\f[] function in many
+programming languages.
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]sin(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]s(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]cos(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]c(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]tan(x)\f[]
+Returns the tangent of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]1\f[] or \f[B]\-1\f[], this raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]t(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]atan(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]a(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]atan2(y, x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]y/x\f[], in radians.
+If both \f[B]y\f[] and \f[B]x\f[] are equal to \f[B]0\f[], it raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, if \f[B]x\f[] is greater than \f[B]0\f[], it returns
+\f[B]a(y/x)\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than or
+equal to \f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)+pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)\-pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]pi/2\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]\-pi/2\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This function is the same as the \f[B]atan2()\f[] function in many
+programming languages.
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]a2(y, x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r2d(x)\f[]
+Converts \f[B]x\f[] from radians to degrees and returns the result.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d2r(x)\f[]
+Converts \f[B]x\f[] from degrees to radians and returns the result.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]frand(p)\f[]
+Generates a pseudo\-random number between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive) and
+\f[B]1\f[] (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the
+decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of \f[B]p\f[].
+If \f[B]p\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[], then calling this function will change
+the value of \f[B]seed\f[].
+If \f[B]p\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], then \f[B]0\f[] is returned, and
+\f[B]seed\f[] is \f[I]not\f[] changed.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ifrand(i, p)\f[]
+Generates a pseudo\-random number that is between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive)
+and the truncated absolute value of \f[B]i\f[] (exclusive) with the
+number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated
+absolute value of \f[B]p\f[].
+If the absolute value of \f[B]i\f[] is greater than or equal to
+\f[B]2\f[], and \f[B]p\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[], then calling this function
+will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[]; otherwise, \f[B]0\f[] is
+returned and \f[B]seed\f[] is not changed.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]srand(x)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] with its sign flipped with probability \f[B]0.5\f[].
+In other words, it randomizes the sign of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]brand()\f[]
+Returns a random boolean value (either \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[]).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ubytes(x)\f[]
+Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the
+truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]sbytes(x)\f[]
+Returns the numbers of signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer bytes
+required to hold the truncated value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]hex(x)\f[]
+Outputs the hexadecimal (base \f[B]16\f[]) representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]binary(x)\f[]
+Outputs the binary (base \f[B]2\f[]) representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output(x, b)\f[]
+Outputs the base \f[B]b\f[] representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in as few power of two bytes as possible.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or is negative, an error message is
+printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[]
+section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as
+possible.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, an error message is printed instead,
+but bc(1) is not reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uintn(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]n\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]intn(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]n\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint8(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]1\f[] byte.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]1\f[] byte, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int8(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]1\f[] byte.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]1\f[] byte, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint16(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]2\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]2\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int16(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]2\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]2\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint32(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]4\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]4\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int32(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]4\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]4\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint64(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]8\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]8\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int64(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]8\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]8\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]hex_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in hexadecimal using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]binary_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in binary using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in the current \f[B]obase\f[] (see the
+\f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output_byte(x, i)\f[]
+Outputs byte \f[B]i\f[] of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[],
+where \f[B]0\f[] is the least significant byte and \f[B]number_of_bytes
+\- 1\f[] is the most significant byte.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.SS Transcendental Functions
+.PP
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up
+to 1 ULP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place)).
+This is unavoidable, and this
+article (https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT) explains
+why it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the
+transcendental functions.
+.PP
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those
+functions with the precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) set to at least 1 higher
+than is necessary.
+If exact results are \f[I]absolutely\f[] required, users can double the
+precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) and then truncate.
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]s(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]c(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]e(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l2(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l10(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]log(x, b)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]pi(p)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]t(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a2(y, x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]sin(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]cos(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]tan(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]atan(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]atan2(y, x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]r2d(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]d2r(x)\f[]
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all functions returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.PP
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which
+attempts to start executing the statement right after the one that
+caused an error.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most bc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This bc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+The actual values of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] and \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[] can
+be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+bc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[]
+The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the \f[B]rand()\f[] operand.
+Set at \f[B]2^BC_LONG_BIT\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+The actual values can be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]POSIXLY_CORRECT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+the \f[B]\-s\f[] option was given.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to bc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "bc"
+file.bc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), bc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash (\f[B]\\\f[]).
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, using a negative number as a bound for the
+pseudo\-random number generator, attempting to convert a negative number
+to a hardware integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware
+integer, and attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is
+required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]), places (\f[B]\@\f[]), left shift (\f[B]<<\f[]), and
+right shift (\f[B]>>\f[]) operators and their corresponding assignment
+operators.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, using a token
+where it is invalid, giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid
+print statement, giving an invalid function definition, attempting to
+assign to an expression that is not a named expression (see the
+\f[I]Named Expressions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section),
+giving an invalid \f[B]auto\f[] list, having a duplicate
+\f[B]auto\f[]/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code
+block, attempting to return a value from a \f[B]void\f[] function,
+attempting to use a variable as a reference, and using any extensions
+when the option \f[B]\-s\f[] or any equivalents were given.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, passing the wrong number of arguments
+to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and attempting
+to use a \f[B]void\f[] function call as a value in an expression.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (bc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+bc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Per the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If bc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If bc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to bc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause bc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+.SH LOCALES
+.PP
+This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different
+locales and thus, supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGES\f[].
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+dc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+bc(1) is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+The flags \f[B]\-efghiqsvVw\f[], all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+.PP
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts
+numbers that use a period (\f[B].\f[]) as a radix point, regardless of
+the value of \f[B]LC_NUMERIC\f[].
+.PP
+This bc(1) supports error messages for different locales, and thus, it
+supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGES\f[].
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHORS
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/H.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HN.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HN.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HN.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2072 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "BC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH NAME
+.PP
+bc \- arbitrary\-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]bc\f[] [\f[B]\-ghilPqsvVw\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in
+1991 by POSIX.
+(The current standard is
+here (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).)
+The language provides unlimited precision decimal arithmetic and is
+somewhat C\-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+.PP
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on
+the command line and executes them before reading from \f[B]stdin\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-g\f[], \f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]
+Turns the globals \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], and
+\f[B]seed\f[] into stacks.
+.RS
+.PP
+This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all four are
+pushed onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when
+every function returns.
+This means that functions can assign to any and all of those globals
+without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+Thus, a hypothetical function named \f[B]output(x,b)\f[] that simply
+printed \f[B]x\f[] in base \f[B]b\f[] could be written like this:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ x
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+instead of like this:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ auto\ c
+\ \ \ \ c=obase
+\ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ obase=c
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+This makes writing functions much easier.
+.PP
+(\f[B]Note\f[]: the function \f[B]output(x,b)\f[] exists in the extended
+math library.
+See the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.)
+.PP
+However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], or \f[B]seed\f[]
+globally, functions that are made to do so cannot work anymore.
+There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a solution.
+.PP
+First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+aliases.
+Examples:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+alias\ d2o="bc\ \-e\ ibase=A\ \-e\ obase=8"
+alias\ h2b="bc\ \-e\ ibase=G\ \-e\ obase=2"
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Second, if the purpose of a function is to set \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], or \f[B]seed\f[] globally for any other
+purpose, it could be split into one to four functions (based on how many
+globals it sets) and each of those functions could return the desired
+value for a global.
+.PP
+For functions that set \f[B]seed\f[], the value assigned to
+\f[B]seed\f[] is not propagated to parent functions.
+This means that the sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that they see
+will not be the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that any parent
+sees.
+This is only the case once \f[B]seed\f[] has been set.
+.PP
+If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo\-random
+numbers of its parents, but wants to use the same \f[B]seed\f[], it can
+use the following line:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+seed\ =\ seed
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then
+users could make sure to define \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] and include this
+option (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section for more
+details).
+.PP
+If \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-w\f[], or any equivalents are used, this option
+is ignored.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-l\f[], \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]
+Sets \f[B]scale\f[] (see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) to \f[B]20\f[] and
+loads the included math library and the extended math library before
+running any code, including any expressions or files specified on the
+command line.
+.RS
+.PP
+To learn what is in the libraries, see the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+Disables the prompt in TTY mode.
+(The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+See the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section) This is mostly for those users that
+do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in bc(1).
+Most of those users would want to put this option in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-q\f[], \f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]
+Do not print copyright header.
+bc(1) will also suppress the header in non\-interactive mode.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is mostly for compatibility with the GNU
+bc(1) (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-\-standard\f[]
+Process exactly the language defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+and error if any extensions are used.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-w\f[], \f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+Like \f[B]\-s\f[] and \f[B]\-\-standard\f[], except that warnings (and
+not errors) are printed for non\-standard extensions and execution
+continues normally.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C\-like, with some differences.
+This bc(1) follows the POSIX
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+which is a much more thorough resource for the language this bc(1)
+accepts.
+This section is meant to be a summary and a listing of all the
+extensions to the standard.
+.PP
+In the sections below, \f[B]E\f[] means expression, \f[B]S\f[] means
+statement, and \f[B]I\f[] means identifier.
+.PP
+Identifiers (\f[B]I\f[]) start with a lowercase letter and can be
+followed by any number (up to \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\-1\f[]) of lowercase
+letters (\f[B]a\-z\f[]), digits (\f[B]0\-9\f[]), and underscores
+(\f[B]_\f[]).
+The regex is \f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[].
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a global variable determining how to interpret
+constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+If the \f[B]\-s\f[] (\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]) and \f[B]\-w\f[]
+(\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]) flags were not given on the command line, the max
+allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]36\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in bc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]maxibase()\f[] built\-in function.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a global variable determining how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxobase()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[].
+If \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], values are output in scientific
+notation, and if \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]1\f[], values are output in
+engineering notation.
+Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are
+\f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a global variable that sets the precision of any operations, with
+exceptions.
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] is \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxscale()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+.PP
+bc(1) has both \f[I]global\f[] variables and \f[I]local\f[] variables.
+All \f[I]local\f[] variables are local to the function; they are
+parameters or are introduced in the \f[B]auto\f[] list of a function
+(see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+If a variable is accessed which is not a parameter or in the
+\f[B]auto\f[] list, it is assumed to be \f[I]global\f[].
+If a parent function has a \f[I]local\f[] variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers \f[I]global\f[], the value of that
+\f[I]global\f[] variable in the child function is the value of the
+variable in the parent function, not the value of the actual
+\f[I]global\f[] variable.
+.PP
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+.PP
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence
+operator is an assignment operator \f[I]and\f[] the expression is
+notsurrounded by parentheses.
+.PP
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable
+\f[B]last\f[].
+A single dot (\f[B].\f[]) may also be used as a synonym for
+\f[B]last\f[].
+These are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+There are two kinds of comments:
+.IP "1." 3
+Block comments are enclosed in \f[B]/*\f[] and \f[B]*/\f[].
+.IP "2." 3
+Line comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next
+newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Named Expressions
+.PP
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+.IP "1." 3
+Variables: \f[B]I\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+Array Elements: \f[B]I[E]\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]ibase\f[]
+.IP "4." 3
+\f[B]obase\f[]
+.IP "5." 3
+\f[B]scale\f[]
+.IP "6." 3
+\f[B]seed\f[]
+.IP "7." 3
+\f[B]last\f[] or a single dot (\f[B].\f[])
+.PP
+Numbers 6 and 7 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The meaning of \f[B]seed\f[] is dependent on the current pseudo\-random
+number generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major
+versions.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] and sign of the value may be significant.
+.PP
+If a previously used \f[B]seed\f[] value is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[]
+and used again, the pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers as it did when the
+\f[B]seed\f[] value was previously used.
+.PP
+The exact value assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] is not guaranteed to be
+returned if \f[B]seed\f[] is queried again immediately.
+However, if \f[B]seed\f[] \f[I]does\f[] return a different value, both
+values, when assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], are guaranteed to produce the
+same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers.
+This means that certain values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] will
+\f[I]not\f[] produce unique sequences of pseudo\-random numbers.
+The value of \f[B]seed\f[] will change after any use of the
+\f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] operands (see the
+\f[I]Operands\f[] subsection below), except if the parameter passed to
+\f[B]irand(E)\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], \f[B]1\f[], or negative.
+.PP
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits)
+or \f[I]scale\f[] of the value that can be assigned to \f[B]seed\f[].
+.PP
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the
+same as variables.
+This also applies to functions (see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section), so
+a user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same
+name, and they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions
+or not.
+.PP
+Named expressions are required as the operand of
+\f[B]increment\f[]/\f[B]decrement\f[] operators and as the left side of
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators (see the \f[I]Operators\f[] subsection).
+.SS Operands
+.PP
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+.IP " 1." 4
+Numbers (see the \f[I]Numbers\f[] subsection below).
+.IP " 2." 4
+Array indices (\f[B]I[E]\f[]).
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B](E)\f[]: The value of \f[B]E\f[] (used to change precedence).
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]sqrt(E)\f[]: The square root of \f[B]E\f[].
+\f[B]E\f[] must be non\-negative.
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]length(E)\f[]: The number of significant decimal digits in
+\f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]length(I[])\f[]: The number of elements in the array \f[B]I\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 7." 4
+\f[B]scale(E)\f[]: The \f[I]scale\f[] of \f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]abs(E)\f[]: The absolute value of \f[B]E\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a non\-\f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]read()\f[]: Reads a line from \f[B]stdin\f[] and uses that as an
+expression.
+The result of that expression is the result of the \f[B]read()\f[]
+operand.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]maxibase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]ibase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]maxobase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]obase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "13." 4
+\f[B]maxscale()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]scale\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]rand()\f[]: A pseudo\-random integer between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive)
+and \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[] (inclusive).
+Using this operand will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]irand(E)\f[]: A pseudo\-random integer between \f[B]0\f[]
+(inclusive) and the value of \f[B]E\f[] (exclusive).
+If \f[B]E\f[] is negative or is a non\-integer (\f[B]E\f[]\[aq]s
+\f[I]scale\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[]), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets
+(see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) while \f[B]seed\f[] remains unchanged.
+If \f[B]E\f[] is larger than \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[], the higher bound is
+honored by generating several pseudo\-random integers, multiplying them
+by appropriate powers of \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX+1\f[], and adding them
+together.
+Thus, the size of integer that can be generated with this operand is
+unbounded.
+Using this operand will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[], unless the
+value of \f[B]E\f[] is \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+In that case, \f[B]0\f[] is returned, and \f[B]seed\f[] is \f[I]not\f[]
+changed.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "16." 4
+\f[B]maxrand()\f[]: The max integer returned by \f[B]rand()\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+The integers generated by \f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] are
+guaranteed to be as unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of
+the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: The values returned by the pseudo\-random number
+generator with \f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] are guaranteed to
+\f[I]NOT\f[] be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo\-random number generator.
+However, they \f[I]are\f[] guaranteed to be reproducible with identical
+\f[B]seed\f[] values.
+.SS Numbers
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most
+\f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]Z\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]35\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, bc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation.
+These have the form \f[B]<number>e<integer>\f[].
+The power (the portion after the \f[B]e\f[]) must be an integer.
+An example is \f[B]1.89237e9\f[], which is equal to \f[B]1892370000\f[].
+Negative exponents are also allowed, so \f[B]4.2890e\-3\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0.0042890\f[].
+.PP
+Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the \f[B]\-s\f[] or
+\f[B]\-w\f[], respectively, command\-line options (or equivalents) are
+given.
+.PP
+\f[B]WARNING\f[]: Both the number and the exponent in scientific
+notation are interpreted according to the current \f[B]ibase\f[], but
+the number is still multiplied by \f[B]10^exponent\f[] regardless of the
+current \f[B]ibase\f[].
+For example, if \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[] and bc(1) is given the
+number string \f[B]FFeA\f[], the resulting decimal number will be
+\f[B]2550000000000\f[], and if bc(1) is given the number string
+\f[B]10e\-4\f[], the resulting decimal number will be \f[B]0.0016\f[].
+.PP
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a \f[B]non\-portable
+extension\f[].
+.SS Operators
+.PP
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used.
+They are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+Operators in the same group have the same precedence.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+Type: Prefix and Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]increment\f[], \f[B]decrement\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[] \f[B]!\f[]
+Type: Prefix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]negation\f[], \f[B]boolean not\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+Type: Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]truncation\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]set precision\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]power\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[] \f[B]/\f[] \f[B]%\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]multiply\f[], \f[B]divide\f[], \f[B]modulus\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[] \f[B]\-\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]add\f[], \f[B]subtract\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<<\f[] \f[B]>>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]shift left\f[], \f[B]shift right\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]<<=\f[] \f[B]>>=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[] \f[B]\@=\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]assignment\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]relational\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean and\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean or\f[]
+.RE
+.PP
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+The prefix and postfix \f[B]increment\f[] and \f[B]decrement\f[]
+operators behave exactly like they would in C.
+They require a named expression (see the \f[I]Named Expressions\f[]
+subsection) as an operand.
+.RS
+.PP
+The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them
+where possible.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]negation\f[] operator returns \f[B]0\f[] if a user attempts to
+negate any expression with the value \f[B]0\f[].
+Otherwise, a copy of the expression with its sign flipped is returned.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean not\f[] operator returns \f[B]1\f[] if the expression
+is \f[B]0\f[], or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+The \f[B]truncation\f[] operator returns a copy of the given expression
+with all of its \f[I]scale\f[] removed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+The \f[B]set precision\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns a
+copy of the first with its \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the value of the
+second expression.
+That could either mean that the number is returned without change (if
+the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression matches the value of the
+second expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is
+more).
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The \f[B]power\f[] operator (not the \f[B]exclusive or\f[] operator, as
+it would be in C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the
+power of the value of the second.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]), and if it
+is negative, the first value must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The \f[B]multiply\f[] operator takes two expressions, multiplies them,
+and returns the product.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The \f[B]divide\f[] operator takes two expressions, divides them, and
+returns the quotient.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result shall be the value of \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The \f[B]modulus\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and evaluates them by 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[] and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The \f[B]add\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the sum, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the max
+of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]subtract\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the difference, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to
+the max of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<<\f[]
+The \f[B]left shift\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns a copy of the value of \f[B]a\f[] with its
+decimal point moved \f[B]b\f[] places to the right.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>>\f[]
+The \f[B]right shift\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns a copy of the value of \f[B]a\f[] with its
+decimal point moved \f[B]b\f[] places to the left.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]<<=\f[] \f[B]>>=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[] \f[B]\@=\f[]
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators take two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[] where \f[B]a\f[] is a named expression (see the \f[I]Named
+Expressions\f[] subsection).
+.RS
+.PP
+For \f[B]=\f[], \f[B]b\f[] is copied and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+For all others, \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[] are applied as operands to the
+corresponding arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators that correspond to operators that are
+extensions are themselves \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+The \f[B]relational\f[] operators compare two expressions, \f[B]a\f[]
+and \f[B]b\f[], and if the relation holds, according to C language
+semantics, the result is \f[B]1\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators, which means that \f[B]a=b>c\f[] is
+interpreted as \f[B](a=b)>c\f[].
+.PP
+Also, unlike the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+requires, these operators can appear anywhere any other expressions can
+be used.
+This allowance is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean and\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if both expressions are non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean or\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if one of the expressions is non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Statements
+.PP
+The following items are statements:
+.IP " 1." 4
+\f[B]E\f[]
+.IP " 2." 4
+\f[B]{\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B];\f[] ...
+\f[B];\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]}\f[]
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]else\f[]
+\f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]while\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]for\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[]
+\f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 7." 4
+An empty statement
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]break\f[]
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]continue\f[]
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]quit\f[]
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]halt\f[]
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]limits\f[]
+.IP "13." 4
+A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]print\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B],\f[] ...
+\f[B],\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.PP
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Also, as a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], any or all of the
+expressions in the header of a for loop may be omitted.
+If the condition (second expression) is omitted, it is assumed to be a
+constant \f[B]1\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]break\f[] statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume
+execution immediately following a loop.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]continue\f[] statement causes a loop iteration to stop early
+and returns to the start of the loop, including testing the loop
+condition.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]if\f[] \f[B]else\f[] statement does the same thing as in C.
+.PP
+The \f[B]quit\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a
+branch that will not be executed (it is a compile\-time command).
+.PP
+The \f[B]halt\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed.
+(Unlike \f[B]quit\f[] if it is on a branch of an \f[B]if\f[] statement
+that is not executed, bc(1) does not quit.)
+.PP
+The \f[B]limits\f[] statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is
+subject to.
+This is like the \f[B]quit\f[] statement in that it is a compile\-time
+command.
+.PP
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+.PP
+Both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for
+printing the results of expressions.
+Scientific notation is activated by assigning \f[B]0\f[] to
+\f[B]obase\f[], and engineering notation is activated by assigning
+\f[B]1\f[] to \f[B]obase\f[].
+To deactivate them, just assign a different value to \f[B]obase\f[].
+.PP
+Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is
+run with either the \f[B]\-s\f[] or \f[B]\-w\f[] command\-line options
+(or equivalents).
+.PP
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Print Statement
+.PP
+The "expressions" in a \f[B]print\f[] statement may also be strings.
+If they are, there are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted
+specially.
+What those sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown
+below:
+.PP
+.TS
+tab(@);
+l l.
+T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\\\\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\e\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\q\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]"\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}
+.TE
+.PP
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and
+character to be printed as\-is.
+.PP
+Any non\-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to
+\f[B]last\f[], like any other expression that is printed.
+.SS Order of Evaluation
+.PP
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as
+necessary to maintain order of operations.
+This means, for example, assuming that \f[B]i\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0\f[], in the expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+a[i++]\ =\ i++
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first (or 0th) element of \f[B]a\f[] is set to \f[B]1\f[], and
+\f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] at the end of the expression.
+.PP
+This includes function arguments.
+Thus, assuming \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], this means that in the
+expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+x(i++,\ i++)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first argument passed to \f[B]x()\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], and the second
+argument is \f[B]1\f[], while \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] before
+the function starts executing.
+.SH FUNCTIONS
+.PP
+Function definitions are as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return(E)
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list or \f[B]auto\f[] list may be
+replaced with \f[B]I[]\f[] to make a parameter or \f[B]auto\f[] var an
+array, and any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list may be replaced with
+\f[B]*I[]\f[] to make a parameter an array reference.
+Callers of functions that take array references should not put an
+asterisk in the call; they must be called with just \f[B]I[]\f[] like
+normal array parameters and will be automatically converted into
+references.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the opening brace of a
+\f[B]define\f[] statement may appear on the next line.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the return statement may also be
+in one of the following forms:
+.IP "1." 3
+\f[B]return\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B])\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.PP
+The first two, or not specifying a \f[B]return\f[] statement, is
+equivalent to \f[B]return (0)\f[], unless the function is a
+\f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection
+below).
+.SS Void Functions
+.PP
+Functions can also be \f[B]void\f[] functions, defined as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an
+expression would be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+.PP
+Void functions can only use the first two \f[B]return\f[] statements
+listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+.PP
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to
+have variables, arrays, and functions named \f[B]void\f[].
+The word "void" is only treated specially right after the
+\f[B]define\f[] keyword.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Array References
+.PP
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the
+form
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+*I[]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+it is a \f[B]reference\f[].
+Any changes to the array in the function are reflected, when the
+function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+.PP
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH LIBRARY
+.PP
+All of the functions below, including the functions in the extended math
+library (see the \f[I]Extended Library\f[] subsection below), are
+available when the \f[B]\-l\f[] or \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[] command\-line
+flags are given, except that the extended math library is not available
+when the \f[B]\-s\f[] option, the \f[B]\-w\f[] option, or equivalents
+are given.
+.SS Standard Library
+.PP
+The
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+defines the following functions for the math library:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l(x)\f[]
+Returns the natural logarithm of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]e(x)\f[]
+Returns the mathematical constant \f[B]e\f[] raised to the power of
+\f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+Returns the bessel integer order \f[B]n\f[] (truncated) of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.SS Extended Library
+.PP
+The extended library is \f[I]not\f[] loaded when the
+\f[B]\-s\f[]/\f[B]\-\-standard\f[] or \f[B]\-w\f[]/\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+options are given since they are not part of the library defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).
+.PP
+The extended library is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p(x, y)\f[]
+Calculates \f[B]x\f[] to the power of \f[B]y\f[], even if \f[B]y\f[] is
+not an integer, and returns the result to the current \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r(x, p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] rounded to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places according to the
+rounding mode round half away from
+\f[B]0\f[] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ceil(x, p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] rounded to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places according to the
+rounding mode round away from
+\f[B]0\f[] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f(x)\f[]
+Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]perm(n, k)\f[]
+Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]n\f[] of
+the truncated absolute value of \f[B]k\f[], if \f[B]k <= n\f[].
+If not, it returns \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]comb(n, k)\f[]
+Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]n\f[] of
+the truncated absolute value of \f[B]k\f[], if \f[B]k <= n\f[].
+If not, it returns \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l2(x)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]2\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l10(x)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]10\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]log(x, b)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]b\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]cbrt(x)\f[]
+Returns the cube root of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]root(x, n)\f[]
+Calculates the truncated value of \f[B]n\f[], \f[B]r\f[], and returns
+the \f[B]r\f[]th root of \f[B]x\f[] to the current \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]r\f[] is \f[B]0\f[] or negative, this raises an error and causes
+bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+It also raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset if \f[B]r\f[] is even
+and \f[B]x\f[] is negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]pi(p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]pi\f[] to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]t(x)\f[]
+Returns the tangent of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a2(y, x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]y/x\f[], in radians.
+If both \f[B]y\f[] and \f[B]x\f[] are equal to \f[B]0\f[], it raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, if \f[B]x\f[] is greater than \f[B]0\f[], it returns
+\f[B]a(y/x)\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than or
+equal to \f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)+pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)\-pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]pi/2\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]\-pi/2\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This function is the same as the \f[B]atan2()\f[] function in many
+programming languages.
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]sin(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]s(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]cos(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]c(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]tan(x)\f[]
+Returns the tangent of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]1\f[] or \f[B]\-1\f[], this raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]t(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]atan(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]a(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]atan2(y, x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]y/x\f[], in radians.
+If both \f[B]y\f[] and \f[B]x\f[] are equal to \f[B]0\f[], it raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, if \f[B]x\f[] is greater than \f[B]0\f[], it returns
+\f[B]a(y/x)\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than or
+equal to \f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)+pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)\-pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]pi/2\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]\-pi/2\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This function is the same as the \f[B]atan2()\f[] function in many
+programming languages.
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]a2(y, x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r2d(x)\f[]
+Converts \f[B]x\f[] from radians to degrees and returns the result.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d2r(x)\f[]
+Converts \f[B]x\f[] from degrees to radians and returns the result.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]frand(p)\f[]
+Generates a pseudo\-random number between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive) and
+\f[B]1\f[] (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the
+decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of \f[B]p\f[].
+If \f[B]p\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[], then calling this function will change
+the value of \f[B]seed\f[].
+If \f[B]p\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], then \f[B]0\f[] is returned, and
+\f[B]seed\f[] is \f[I]not\f[] changed.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ifrand(i, p)\f[]
+Generates a pseudo\-random number that is between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive)
+and the truncated absolute value of \f[B]i\f[] (exclusive) with the
+number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated
+absolute value of \f[B]p\f[].
+If the absolute value of \f[B]i\f[] is greater than or equal to
+\f[B]2\f[], and \f[B]p\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[], then calling this function
+will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[]; otherwise, \f[B]0\f[] is
+returned and \f[B]seed\f[] is not changed.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]srand(x)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] with its sign flipped with probability \f[B]0.5\f[].
+In other words, it randomizes the sign of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]brand()\f[]
+Returns a random boolean value (either \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[]).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ubytes(x)\f[]
+Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the
+truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]sbytes(x)\f[]
+Returns the numbers of signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer bytes
+required to hold the truncated value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]hex(x)\f[]
+Outputs the hexadecimal (base \f[B]16\f[]) representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]binary(x)\f[]
+Outputs the binary (base \f[B]2\f[]) representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output(x, b)\f[]
+Outputs the base \f[B]b\f[] representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in as few power of two bytes as possible.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or is negative, an error message is
+printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[]
+section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as
+possible.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, an error message is printed instead,
+but bc(1) is not reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uintn(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]n\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]intn(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]n\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint8(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]1\f[] byte.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]1\f[] byte, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int8(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]1\f[] byte.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]1\f[] byte, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint16(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]2\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]2\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int16(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]2\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]2\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint32(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]4\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]4\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int32(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]4\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]4\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint64(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]8\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]8\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int64(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]8\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]8\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]hex_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in hexadecimal using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]binary_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in binary using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in the current \f[B]obase\f[] (see the
+\f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output_byte(x, i)\f[]
+Outputs byte \f[B]i\f[] of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[],
+where \f[B]0\f[] is the least significant byte and \f[B]number_of_bytes
+\- 1\f[] is the most significant byte.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.SS Transcendental Functions
+.PP
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up
+to 1 ULP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place)).
+This is unavoidable, and this
+article (https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT) explains
+why it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the
+transcendental functions.
+.PP
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those
+functions with the precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) set to at least 1 higher
+than is necessary.
+If exact results are \f[I]absolutely\f[] required, users can double the
+precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) and then truncate.
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]s(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]c(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]e(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l2(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l10(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]log(x, b)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]pi(p)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]t(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a2(y, x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]sin(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]cos(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]tan(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]atan(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]atan2(y, x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]r2d(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]d2r(x)\f[]
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all functions returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.PP
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which
+attempts to start executing the statement right after the one that
+caused an error.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most bc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This bc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+The actual values of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] and \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[] can
+be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+bc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[]
+The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the \f[B]rand()\f[] operand.
+Set at \f[B]2^BC_LONG_BIT\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+The actual values can be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]POSIXLY_CORRECT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+the \f[B]\-s\f[] option was given.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to bc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "bc"
+file.bc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), bc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash (\f[B]\\\f[]).
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, using a negative number as a bound for the
+pseudo\-random number generator, attempting to convert a negative number
+to a hardware integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware
+integer, and attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is
+required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]), places (\f[B]\@\f[]), left shift (\f[B]<<\f[]), and
+right shift (\f[B]>>\f[]) operators and their corresponding assignment
+operators.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, using a token
+where it is invalid, giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid
+print statement, giving an invalid function definition, attempting to
+assign to an expression that is not a named expression (see the
+\f[I]Named Expressions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section),
+giving an invalid \f[B]auto\f[] list, having a duplicate
+\f[B]auto\f[]/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code
+block, attempting to return a value from a \f[B]void\f[] function,
+attempting to use a variable as a reference, and using any extensions
+when the option \f[B]\-s\f[] or any equivalents were given.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, passing the wrong number of arguments
+to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and attempting
+to use a \f[B]void\f[] function call as a value in an expression.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (bc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+bc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Per the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If bc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If bc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to bc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause bc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+dc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+bc(1) is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+The flags \f[B]\-efghiqsvVw\f[], all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+.PP
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts
+numbers that use a period (\f[B].\f[]) as a radix point, regardless of
+the value of \f[B]LC_NUMERIC\f[].
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHORS
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HN.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HNP.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HNP.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HNP.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2065 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "BC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH NAME
+.PP
+bc \- arbitrary\-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]bc\f[] [\f[B]\-ghilPqsvVw\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in
+1991 by POSIX.
+(The current standard is
+here (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).)
+The language provides unlimited precision decimal arithmetic and is
+somewhat C\-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+.PP
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on
+the command line and executes them before reading from \f[B]stdin\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-g\f[], \f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]
+Turns the globals \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], and
+\f[B]seed\f[] into stacks.
+.RS
+.PP
+This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all four are
+pushed onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when
+every function returns.
+This means that functions can assign to any and all of those globals
+without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+Thus, a hypothetical function named \f[B]output(x,b)\f[] that simply
+printed \f[B]x\f[] in base \f[B]b\f[] could be written like this:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ x
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+instead of like this:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ auto\ c
+\ \ \ \ c=obase
+\ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ obase=c
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+This makes writing functions much easier.
+.PP
+(\f[B]Note\f[]: the function \f[B]output(x,b)\f[] exists in the extended
+math library.
+See the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.)
+.PP
+However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], or \f[B]seed\f[]
+globally, functions that are made to do so cannot work anymore.
+There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a solution.
+.PP
+First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+aliases.
+Examples:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+alias\ d2o="bc\ \-e\ ibase=A\ \-e\ obase=8"
+alias\ h2b="bc\ \-e\ ibase=G\ \-e\ obase=2"
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Second, if the purpose of a function is to set \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], or \f[B]seed\f[] globally for any other
+purpose, it could be split into one to four functions (based on how many
+globals it sets) and each of those functions could return the desired
+value for a global.
+.PP
+For functions that set \f[B]seed\f[], the value assigned to
+\f[B]seed\f[] is not propagated to parent functions.
+This means that the sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that they see
+will not be the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that any parent
+sees.
+This is only the case once \f[B]seed\f[] has been set.
+.PP
+If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo\-random
+numbers of its parents, but wants to use the same \f[B]seed\f[], it can
+use the following line:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+seed\ =\ seed
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then
+users could make sure to define \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] and include this
+option (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section for more
+details).
+.PP
+If \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-w\f[], or any equivalents are used, this option
+is ignored.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-l\f[], \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]
+Sets \f[B]scale\f[] (see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) to \f[B]20\f[] and
+loads the included math library and the extended math library before
+running any code, including any expressions or files specified on the
+command line.
+.RS
+.PP
+To learn what is in the libraries, see the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+This option is a no\-op.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-q\f[], \f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]
+Do not print copyright header.
+bc(1) will also suppress the header in non\-interactive mode.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is mostly for compatibility with the GNU
+bc(1) (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-\-standard\f[]
+Process exactly the language defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+and error if any extensions are used.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-w\f[], \f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+Like \f[B]\-s\f[] and \f[B]\-\-standard\f[], except that warnings (and
+not errors) are printed for non\-standard extensions and execution
+continues normally.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C\-like, with some differences.
+This bc(1) follows the POSIX
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+which is a much more thorough resource for the language this bc(1)
+accepts.
+This section is meant to be a summary and a listing of all the
+extensions to the standard.
+.PP
+In the sections below, \f[B]E\f[] means expression, \f[B]S\f[] means
+statement, and \f[B]I\f[] means identifier.
+.PP
+Identifiers (\f[B]I\f[]) start with a lowercase letter and can be
+followed by any number (up to \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\-1\f[]) of lowercase
+letters (\f[B]a\-z\f[]), digits (\f[B]0\-9\f[]), and underscores
+(\f[B]_\f[]).
+The regex is \f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[].
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a global variable determining how to interpret
+constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+If the \f[B]\-s\f[] (\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]) and \f[B]\-w\f[]
+(\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]) flags were not given on the command line, the max
+allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]36\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in bc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]maxibase()\f[] built\-in function.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a global variable determining how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxobase()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[].
+If \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], values are output in scientific
+notation, and if \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]1\f[], values are output in
+engineering notation.
+Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are
+\f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a global variable that sets the precision of any operations, with
+exceptions.
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] is \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxscale()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+.PP
+bc(1) has both \f[I]global\f[] variables and \f[I]local\f[] variables.
+All \f[I]local\f[] variables are local to the function; they are
+parameters or are introduced in the \f[B]auto\f[] list of a function
+(see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+If a variable is accessed which is not a parameter or in the
+\f[B]auto\f[] list, it is assumed to be \f[I]global\f[].
+If a parent function has a \f[I]local\f[] variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers \f[I]global\f[], the value of that
+\f[I]global\f[] variable in the child function is the value of the
+variable in the parent function, not the value of the actual
+\f[I]global\f[] variable.
+.PP
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+.PP
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence
+operator is an assignment operator \f[I]and\f[] the expression is
+notsurrounded by parentheses.
+.PP
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable
+\f[B]last\f[].
+A single dot (\f[B].\f[]) may also be used as a synonym for
+\f[B]last\f[].
+These are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+There are two kinds of comments:
+.IP "1." 3
+Block comments are enclosed in \f[B]/*\f[] and \f[B]*/\f[].
+.IP "2." 3
+Line comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next
+newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Named Expressions
+.PP
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+.IP "1." 3
+Variables: \f[B]I\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+Array Elements: \f[B]I[E]\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]ibase\f[]
+.IP "4." 3
+\f[B]obase\f[]
+.IP "5." 3
+\f[B]scale\f[]
+.IP "6." 3
+\f[B]seed\f[]
+.IP "7." 3
+\f[B]last\f[] or a single dot (\f[B].\f[])
+.PP
+Numbers 6 and 7 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The meaning of \f[B]seed\f[] is dependent on the current pseudo\-random
+number generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major
+versions.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] and sign of the value may be significant.
+.PP
+If a previously used \f[B]seed\f[] value is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[]
+and used again, the pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers as it did when the
+\f[B]seed\f[] value was previously used.
+.PP
+The exact value assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] is not guaranteed to be
+returned if \f[B]seed\f[] is queried again immediately.
+However, if \f[B]seed\f[] \f[I]does\f[] return a different value, both
+values, when assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], are guaranteed to produce the
+same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers.
+This means that certain values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] will
+\f[I]not\f[] produce unique sequences of pseudo\-random numbers.
+The value of \f[B]seed\f[] will change after any use of the
+\f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] operands (see the
+\f[I]Operands\f[] subsection below), except if the parameter passed to
+\f[B]irand(E)\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], \f[B]1\f[], or negative.
+.PP
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits)
+or \f[I]scale\f[] of the value that can be assigned to \f[B]seed\f[].
+.PP
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the
+same as variables.
+This also applies to functions (see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section), so
+a user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same
+name, and they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions
+or not.
+.PP
+Named expressions are required as the operand of
+\f[B]increment\f[]/\f[B]decrement\f[] operators and as the left side of
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators (see the \f[I]Operators\f[] subsection).
+.SS Operands
+.PP
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+.IP " 1." 4
+Numbers (see the \f[I]Numbers\f[] subsection below).
+.IP " 2." 4
+Array indices (\f[B]I[E]\f[]).
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B](E)\f[]: The value of \f[B]E\f[] (used to change precedence).
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]sqrt(E)\f[]: The square root of \f[B]E\f[].
+\f[B]E\f[] must be non\-negative.
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]length(E)\f[]: The number of significant decimal digits in
+\f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]length(I[])\f[]: The number of elements in the array \f[B]I\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 7." 4
+\f[B]scale(E)\f[]: The \f[I]scale\f[] of \f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]abs(E)\f[]: The absolute value of \f[B]E\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a non\-\f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]read()\f[]: Reads a line from \f[B]stdin\f[] and uses that as an
+expression.
+The result of that expression is the result of the \f[B]read()\f[]
+operand.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]maxibase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]ibase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]maxobase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]obase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "13." 4
+\f[B]maxscale()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]scale\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]rand()\f[]: A pseudo\-random integer between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive)
+and \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[] (inclusive).
+Using this operand will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]irand(E)\f[]: A pseudo\-random integer between \f[B]0\f[]
+(inclusive) and the value of \f[B]E\f[] (exclusive).
+If \f[B]E\f[] is negative or is a non\-integer (\f[B]E\f[]\[aq]s
+\f[I]scale\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[]), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets
+(see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) while \f[B]seed\f[] remains unchanged.
+If \f[B]E\f[] is larger than \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[], the higher bound is
+honored by generating several pseudo\-random integers, multiplying them
+by appropriate powers of \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX+1\f[], and adding them
+together.
+Thus, the size of integer that can be generated with this operand is
+unbounded.
+Using this operand will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[], unless the
+value of \f[B]E\f[] is \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+In that case, \f[B]0\f[] is returned, and \f[B]seed\f[] is \f[I]not\f[]
+changed.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "16." 4
+\f[B]maxrand()\f[]: The max integer returned by \f[B]rand()\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+The integers generated by \f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] are
+guaranteed to be as unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of
+the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: The values returned by the pseudo\-random number
+generator with \f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] are guaranteed to
+\f[I]NOT\f[] be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo\-random number generator.
+However, they \f[I]are\f[] guaranteed to be reproducible with identical
+\f[B]seed\f[] values.
+.SS Numbers
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most
+\f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]Z\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]35\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, bc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation.
+These have the form \f[B]<number>e<integer>\f[].
+The power (the portion after the \f[B]e\f[]) must be an integer.
+An example is \f[B]1.89237e9\f[], which is equal to \f[B]1892370000\f[].
+Negative exponents are also allowed, so \f[B]4.2890e\-3\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0.0042890\f[].
+.PP
+Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the \f[B]\-s\f[] or
+\f[B]\-w\f[], respectively, command\-line options (or equivalents) are
+given.
+.PP
+\f[B]WARNING\f[]: Both the number and the exponent in scientific
+notation are interpreted according to the current \f[B]ibase\f[], but
+the number is still multiplied by \f[B]10^exponent\f[] regardless of the
+current \f[B]ibase\f[].
+For example, if \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[] and bc(1) is given the
+number string \f[B]FFeA\f[], the resulting decimal number will be
+\f[B]2550000000000\f[], and if bc(1) is given the number string
+\f[B]10e\-4\f[], the resulting decimal number will be \f[B]0.0016\f[].
+.PP
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a \f[B]non\-portable
+extension\f[].
+.SS Operators
+.PP
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used.
+They are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+Operators in the same group have the same precedence.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+Type: Prefix and Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]increment\f[], \f[B]decrement\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[] \f[B]!\f[]
+Type: Prefix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]negation\f[], \f[B]boolean not\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+Type: Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]truncation\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]set precision\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]power\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[] \f[B]/\f[] \f[B]%\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]multiply\f[], \f[B]divide\f[], \f[B]modulus\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[] \f[B]\-\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]add\f[], \f[B]subtract\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<<\f[] \f[B]>>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]shift left\f[], \f[B]shift right\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]<<=\f[] \f[B]>>=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[] \f[B]\@=\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]assignment\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]relational\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean and\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean or\f[]
+.RE
+.PP
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+The prefix and postfix \f[B]increment\f[] and \f[B]decrement\f[]
+operators behave exactly like they would in C.
+They require a named expression (see the \f[I]Named Expressions\f[]
+subsection) as an operand.
+.RS
+.PP
+The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them
+where possible.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]negation\f[] operator returns \f[B]0\f[] if a user attempts to
+negate any expression with the value \f[B]0\f[].
+Otherwise, a copy of the expression with its sign flipped is returned.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean not\f[] operator returns \f[B]1\f[] if the expression
+is \f[B]0\f[], or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+The \f[B]truncation\f[] operator returns a copy of the given expression
+with all of its \f[I]scale\f[] removed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+The \f[B]set precision\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns a
+copy of the first with its \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the value of the
+second expression.
+That could either mean that the number is returned without change (if
+the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression matches the value of the
+second expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is
+more).
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The \f[B]power\f[] operator (not the \f[B]exclusive or\f[] operator, as
+it would be in C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the
+power of the value of the second.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]), and if it
+is negative, the first value must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The \f[B]multiply\f[] operator takes two expressions, multiplies them,
+and returns the product.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The \f[B]divide\f[] operator takes two expressions, divides them, and
+returns the quotient.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result shall be the value of \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The \f[B]modulus\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and evaluates them by 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[] and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The \f[B]add\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the sum, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the max
+of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]subtract\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the difference, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to
+the max of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<<\f[]
+The \f[B]left shift\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns a copy of the value of \f[B]a\f[] with its
+decimal point moved \f[B]b\f[] places to the right.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>>\f[]
+The \f[B]right shift\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns a copy of the value of \f[B]a\f[] with its
+decimal point moved \f[B]b\f[] places to the left.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]<<=\f[] \f[B]>>=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[] \f[B]\@=\f[]
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators take two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[] where \f[B]a\f[] is a named expression (see the \f[I]Named
+Expressions\f[] subsection).
+.RS
+.PP
+For \f[B]=\f[], \f[B]b\f[] is copied and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+For all others, \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[] are applied as operands to the
+corresponding arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators that correspond to operators that are
+extensions are themselves \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+The \f[B]relational\f[] operators compare two expressions, \f[B]a\f[]
+and \f[B]b\f[], and if the relation holds, according to C language
+semantics, the result is \f[B]1\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators, which means that \f[B]a=b>c\f[] is
+interpreted as \f[B](a=b)>c\f[].
+.PP
+Also, unlike the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+requires, these operators can appear anywhere any other expressions can
+be used.
+This allowance is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean and\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if both expressions are non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean or\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if one of the expressions is non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Statements
+.PP
+The following items are statements:
+.IP " 1." 4
+\f[B]E\f[]
+.IP " 2." 4
+\f[B]{\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B];\f[] ...
+\f[B];\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]}\f[]
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]else\f[]
+\f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]while\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]for\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[]
+\f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 7." 4
+An empty statement
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]break\f[]
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]continue\f[]
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]quit\f[]
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]halt\f[]
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]limits\f[]
+.IP "13." 4
+A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]print\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B],\f[] ...
+\f[B],\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.PP
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Also, as a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], any or all of the
+expressions in the header of a for loop may be omitted.
+If the condition (second expression) is omitted, it is assumed to be a
+constant \f[B]1\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]break\f[] statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume
+execution immediately following a loop.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]continue\f[] statement causes a loop iteration to stop early
+and returns to the start of the loop, including testing the loop
+condition.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]if\f[] \f[B]else\f[] statement does the same thing as in C.
+.PP
+The \f[B]quit\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a
+branch that will not be executed (it is a compile\-time command).
+.PP
+The \f[B]halt\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed.
+(Unlike \f[B]quit\f[] if it is on a branch of an \f[B]if\f[] statement
+that is not executed, bc(1) does not quit.)
+.PP
+The \f[B]limits\f[] statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is
+subject to.
+This is like the \f[B]quit\f[] statement in that it is a compile\-time
+command.
+.PP
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+.PP
+Both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for
+printing the results of expressions.
+Scientific notation is activated by assigning \f[B]0\f[] to
+\f[B]obase\f[], and engineering notation is activated by assigning
+\f[B]1\f[] to \f[B]obase\f[].
+To deactivate them, just assign a different value to \f[B]obase\f[].
+.PP
+Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is
+run with either the \f[B]\-s\f[] or \f[B]\-w\f[] command\-line options
+(or equivalents).
+.PP
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Print Statement
+.PP
+The "expressions" in a \f[B]print\f[] statement may also be strings.
+If they are, there are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted
+specially.
+What those sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown
+below:
+.PP
+.TS
+tab(@);
+l l.
+T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\\\\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\e\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\q\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]"\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}
+.TE
+.PP
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and
+character to be printed as\-is.
+.PP
+Any non\-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to
+\f[B]last\f[], like any other expression that is printed.
+.SS Order of Evaluation
+.PP
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as
+necessary to maintain order of operations.
+This means, for example, assuming that \f[B]i\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0\f[], in the expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+a[i++]\ =\ i++
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first (or 0th) element of \f[B]a\f[] is set to \f[B]1\f[], and
+\f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] at the end of the expression.
+.PP
+This includes function arguments.
+Thus, assuming \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], this means that in the
+expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+x(i++,\ i++)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first argument passed to \f[B]x()\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], and the second
+argument is \f[B]1\f[], while \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] before
+the function starts executing.
+.SH FUNCTIONS
+.PP
+Function definitions are as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return(E)
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list or \f[B]auto\f[] list may be
+replaced with \f[B]I[]\f[] to make a parameter or \f[B]auto\f[] var an
+array, and any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list may be replaced with
+\f[B]*I[]\f[] to make a parameter an array reference.
+Callers of functions that take array references should not put an
+asterisk in the call; they must be called with just \f[B]I[]\f[] like
+normal array parameters and will be automatically converted into
+references.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the opening brace of a
+\f[B]define\f[] statement may appear on the next line.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the return statement may also be
+in one of the following forms:
+.IP "1." 3
+\f[B]return\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B])\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.PP
+The first two, or not specifying a \f[B]return\f[] statement, is
+equivalent to \f[B]return (0)\f[], unless the function is a
+\f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection
+below).
+.SS Void Functions
+.PP
+Functions can also be \f[B]void\f[] functions, defined as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an
+expression would be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+.PP
+Void functions can only use the first two \f[B]return\f[] statements
+listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+.PP
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to
+have variables, arrays, and functions named \f[B]void\f[].
+The word "void" is only treated specially right after the
+\f[B]define\f[] keyword.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Array References
+.PP
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the
+form
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+*I[]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+it is a \f[B]reference\f[].
+Any changes to the array in the function are reflected, when the
+function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+.PP
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH LIBRARY
+.PP
+All of the functions below, including the functions in the extended math
+library (see the \f[I]Extended Library\f[] subsection below), are
+available when the \f[B]\-l\f[] or \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[] command\-line
+flags are given, except that the extended math library is not available
+when the \f[B]\-s\f[] option, the \f[B]\-w\f[] option, or equivalents
+are given.
+.SS Standard Library
+.PP
+The
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+defines the following functions for the math library:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l(x)\f[]
+Returns the natural logarithm of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]e(x)\f[]
+Returns the mathematical constant \f[B]e\f[] raised to the power of
+\f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+Returns the bessel integer order \f[B]n\f[] (truncated) of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.SS Extended Library
+.PP
+The extended library is \f[I]not\f[] loaded when the
+\f[B]\-s\f[]/\f[B]\-\-standard\f[] or \f[B]\-w\f[]/\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+options are given since they are not part of the library defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).
+.PP
+The extended library is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p(x, y)\f[]
+Calculates \f[B]x\f[] to the power of \f[B]y\f[], even if \f[B]y\f[] is
+not an integer, and returns the result to the current \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r(x, p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] rounded to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places according to the
+rounding mode round half away from
+\f[B]0\f[] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ceil(x, p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] rounded to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places according to the
+rounding mode round away from
+\f[B]0\f[] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f(x)\f[]
+Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]perm(n, k)\f[]
+Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]n\f[] of
+the truncated absolute value of \f[B]k\f[], if \f[B]k <= n\f[].
+If not, it returns \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]comb(n, k)\f[]
+Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]n\f[] of
+the truncated absolute value of \f[B]k\f[], if \f[B]k <= n\f[].
+If not, it returns \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l2(x)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]2\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l10(x)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]10\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]log(x, b)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]b\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]cbrt(x)\f[]
+Returns the cube root of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]root(x, n)\f[]
+Calculates the truncated value of \f[B]n\f[], \f[B]r\f[], and returns
+the \f[B]r\f[]th root of \f[B]x\f[] to the current \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]r\f[] is \f[B]0\f[] or negative, this raises an error and causes
+bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+It also raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset if \f[B]r\f[] is even
+and \f[B]x\f[] is negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]pi(p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]pi\f[] to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]t(x)\f[]
+Returns the tangent of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a2(y, x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]y/x\f[], in radians.
+If both \f[B]y\f[] and \f[B]x\f[] are equal to \f[B]0\f[], it raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, if \f[B]x\f[] is greater than \f[B]0\f[], it returns
+\f[B]a(y/x)\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than or
+equal to \f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)+pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)\-pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]pi/2\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]\-pi/2\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This function is the same as the \f[B]atan2()\f[] function in many
+programming languages.
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]sin(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]s(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]cos(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]c(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]tan(x)\f[]
+Returns the tangent of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]1\f[] or \f[B]\-1\f[], this raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]t(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]atan(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]a(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]atan2(y, x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]y/x\f[], in radians.
+If both \f[B]y\f[] and \f[B]x\f[] are equal to \f[B]0\f[], it raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, if \f[B]x\f[] is greater than \f[B]0\f[], it returns
+\f[B]a(y/x)\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than or
+equal to \f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)+pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)\-pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]pi/2\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]\-pi/2\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This function is the same as the \f[B]atan2()\f[] function in many
+programming languages.
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]a2(y, x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r2d(x)\f[]
+Converts \f[B]x\f[] from radians to degrees and returns the result.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d2r(x)\f[]
+Converts \f[B]x\f[] from degrees to radians and returns the result.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]frand(p)\f[]
+Generates a pseudo\-random number between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive) and
+\f[B]1\f[] (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the
+decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of \f[B]p\f[].
+If \f[B]p\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[], then calling this function will change
+the value of \f[B]seed\f[].
+If \f[B]p\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], then \f[B]0\f[] is returned, and
+\f[B]seed\f[] is \f[I]not\f[] changed.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ifrand(i, p)\f[]
+Generates a pseudo\-random number that is between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive)
+and the truncated absolute value of \f[B]i\f[] (exclusive) with the
+number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated
+absolute value of \f[B]p\f[].
+If the absolute value of \f[B]i\f[] is greater than or equal to
+\f[B]2\f[], and \f[B]p\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[], then calling this function
+will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[]; otherwise, \f[B]0\f[] is
+returned and \f[B]seed\f[] is not changed.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]srand(x)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] with its sign flipped with probability \f[B]0.5\f[].
+In other words, it randomizes the sign of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]brand()\f[]
+Returns a random boolean value (either \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[]).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ubytes(x)\f[]
+Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the
+truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]sbytes(x)\f[]
+Returns the numbers of signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer bytes
+required to hold the truncated value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]hex(x)\f[]
+Outputs the hexadecimal (base \f[B]16\f[]) representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]binary(x)\f[]
+Outputs the binary (base \f[B]2\f[]) representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output(x, b)\f[]
+Outputs the base \f[B]b\f[] representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in as few power of two bytes as possible.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or is negative, an error message is
+printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[]
+section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as
+possible.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, an error message is printed instead,
+but bc(1) is not reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uintn(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]n\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]intn(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]n\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint8(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]1\f[] byte.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]1\f[] byte, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int8(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]1\f[] byte.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]1\f[] byte, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint16(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]2\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]2\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int16(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]2\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]2\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint32(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]4\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]4\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int32(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]4\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]4\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint64(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]8\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]8\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int64(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]8\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]8\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]hex_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in hexadecimal using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]binary_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in binary using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in the current \f[B]obase\f[] (see the
+\f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output_byte(x, i)\f[]
+Outputs byte \f[B]i\f[] of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[],
+where \f[B]0\f[] is the least significant byte and \f[B]number_of_bytes
+\- 1\f[] is the most significant byte.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.SS Transcendental Functions
+.PP
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up
+to 1 ULP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place)).
+This is unavoidable, and this
+article (https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT) explains
+why it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the
+transcendental functions.
+.PP
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those
+functions with the precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) set to at least 1 higher
+than is necessary.
+If exact results are \f[I]absolutely\f[] required, users can double the
+precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) and then truncate.
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]s(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]c(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]e(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l2(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l10(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]log(x, b)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]pi(p)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]t(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a2(y, x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]sin(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]cos(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]tan(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]atan(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]atan2(y, x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]r2d(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]d2r(x)\f[]
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all functions returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.PP
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which
+attempts to start executing the statement right after the one that
+caused an error.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most bc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This bc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+The actual values of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] and \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[] can
+be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+bc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[]
+The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the \f[B]rand()\f[] operand.
+Set at \f[B]2^BC_LONG_BIT\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+The actual values can be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]POSIXLY_CORRECT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+the \f[B]\-s\f[] option was given.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to bc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "bc"
+file.bc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), bc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash (\f[B]\\\f[]).
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, using a negative number as a bound for the
+pseudo\-random number generator, attempting to convert a negative number
+to a hardware integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware
+integer, and attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is
+required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]), places (\f[B]\@\f[]), left shift (\f[B]<<\f[]), and
+right shift (\f[B]>>\f[]) operators and their corresponding assignment
+operators.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, using a token
+where it is invalid, giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid
+print statement, giving an invalid function definition, attempting to
+assign to an expression that is not a named expression (see the
+\f[I]Named Expressions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section),
+giving an invalid \f[B]auto\f[] list, having a duplicate
+\f[B]auto\f[]/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code
+block, attempting to return a value from a \f[B]void\f[] function,
+attempting to use a variable as a reference, and using any extensions
+when the option \f[B]\-s\f[] or any equivalents were given.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, passing the wrong number of arguments
+to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and attempting
+to use a \f[B]void\f[] function call as a value in an expression.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (bc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+bc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Per the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If bc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If bc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to bc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause bc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+dc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+bc(1) is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+The flags \f[B]\-efghiqsvVw\f[], all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+.PP
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts
+numbers that use a period (\f[B].\f[]) as a radix point, regardless of
+the value of \f[B]LC_NUMERIC\f[].
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHORS
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HNP.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HP.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HP.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HP.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2072 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "BC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH NAME
+.PP
+bc \- arbitrary\-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]bc\f[] [\f[B]\-ghilPqsvVw\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in
+1991 by POSIX.
+(The current standard is
+here (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).)
+The language provides unlimited precision decimal arithmetic and is
+somewhat C\-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+.PP
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on
+the command line and executes them before reading from \f[B]stdin\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-g\f[], \f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]
+Turns the globals \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], and
+\f[B]seed\f[] into stacks.
+.RS
+.PP
+This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all four are
+pushed onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when
+every function returns.
+This means that functions can assign to any and all of those globals
+without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+Thus, a hypothetical function named \f[B]output(x,b)\f[] that simply
+printed \f[B]x\f[] in base \f[B]b\f[] could be written like this:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ x
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+instead of like this:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ auto\ c
+\ \ \ \ c=obase
+\ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ obase=c
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+This makes writing functions much easier.
+.PP
+(\f[B]Note\f[]: the function \f[B]output(x,b)\f[] exists in the extended
+math library.
+See the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.)
+.PP
+However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], or \f[B]seed\f[]
+globally, functions that are made to do so cannot work anymore.
+There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a solution.
+.PP
+First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+aliases.
+Examples:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+alias\ d2o="bc\ \-e\ ibase=A\ \-e\ obase=8"
+alias\ h2b="bc\ \-e\ ibase=G\ \-e\ obase=2"
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Second, if the purpose of a function is to set \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], or \f[B]seed\f[] globally for any other
+purpose, it could be split into one to four functions (based on how many
+globals it sets) and each of those functions could return the desired
+value for a global.
+.PP
+For functions that set \f[B]seed\f[], the value assigned to
+\f[B]seed\f[] is not propagated to parent functions.
+This means that the sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that they see
+will not be the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that any parent
+sees.
+This is only the case once \f[B]seed\f[] has been set.
+.PP
+If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo\-random
+numbers of its parents, but wants to use the same \f[B]seed\f[], it can
+use the following line:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+seed\ =\ seed
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then
+users could make sure to define \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] and include this
+option (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section for more
+details).
+.PP
+If \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-w\f[], or any equivalents are used, this option
+is ignored.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-l\f[], \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]
+Sets \f[B]scale\f[] (see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) to \f[B]20\f[] and
+loads the included math library and the extended math library before
+running any code, including any expressions or files specified on the
+command line.
+.RS
+.PP
+To learn what is in the libraries, see the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+This option is a no\-op.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-q\f[], \f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]
+Do not print copyright header.
+bc(1) will also suppress the header in non\-interactive mode.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is mostly for compatibility with the GNU
+bc(1) (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-\-standard\f[]
+Process exactly the language defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+and error if any extensions are used.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-w\f[], \f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+Like \f[B]\-s\f[] and \f[B]\-\-standard\f[], except that warnings (and
+not errors) are printed for non\-standard extensions and execution
+continues normally.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C\-like, with some differences.
+This bc(1) follows the POSIX
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+which is a much more thorough resource for the language this bc(1)
+accepts.
+This section is meant to be a summary and a listing of all the
+extensions to the standard.
+.PP
+In the sections below, \f[B]E\f[] means expression, \f[B]S\f[] means
+statement, and \f[B]I\f[] means identifier.
+.PP
+Identifiers (\f[B]I\f[]) start with a lowercase letter and can be
+followed by any number (up to \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\-1\f[]) of lowercase
+letters (\f[B]a\-z\f[]), digits (\f[B]0\-9\f[]), and underscores
+(\f[B]_\f[]).
+The regex is \f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[].
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a global variable determining how to interpret
+constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+If the \f[B]\-s\f[] (\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]) and \f[B]\-w\f[]
+(\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]) flags were not given on the command line, the max
+allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]36\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in bc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]maxibase()\f[] built\-in function.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a global variable determining how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxobase()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[].
+If \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], values are output in scientific
+notation, and if \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]1\f[], values are output in
+engineering notation.
+Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are
+\f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a global variable that sets the precision of any operations, with
+exceptions.
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] is \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxscale()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+.PP
+bc(1) has both \f[I]global\f[] variables and \f[I]local\f[] variables.
+All \f[I]local\f[] variables are local to the function; they are
+parameters or are introduced in the \f[B]auto\f[] list of a function
+(see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+If a variable is accessed which is not a parameter or in the
+\f[B]auto\f[] list, it is assumed to be \f[I]global\f[].
+If a parent function has a \f[I]local\f[] variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers \f[I]global\f[], the value of that
+\f[I]global\f[] variable in the child function is the value of the
+variable in the parent function, not the value of the actual
+\f[I]global\f[] variable.
+.PP
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+.PP
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence
+operator is an assignment operator \f[I]and\f[] the expression is
+notsurrounded by parentheses.
+.PP
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable
+\f[B]last\f[].
+A single dot (\f[B].\f[]) may also be used as a synonym for
+\f[B]last\f[].
+These are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+There are two kinds of comments:
+.IP "1." 3
+Block comments are enclosed in \f[B]/*\f[] and \f[B]*/\f[].
+.IP "2." 3
+Line comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next
+newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Named Expressions
+.PP
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+.IP "1." 3
+Variables: \f[B]I\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+Array Elements: \f[B]I[E]\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]ibase\f[]
+.IP "4." 3
+\f[B]obase\f[]
+.IP "5." 3
+\f[B]scale\f[]
+.IP "6." 3
+\f[B]seed\f[]
+.IP "7." 3
+\f[B]last\f[] or a single dot (\f[B].\f[])
+.PP
+Numbers 6 and 7 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The meaning of \f[B]seed\f[] is dependent on the current pseudo\-random
+number generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major
+versions.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] and sign of the value may be significant.
+.PP
+If a previously used \f[B]seed\f[] value is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[]
+and used again, the pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers as it did when the
+\f[B]seed\f[] value was previously used.
+.PP
+The exact value assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] is not guaranteed to be
+returned if \f[B]seed\f[] is queried again immediately.
+However, if \f[B]seed\f[] \f[I]does\f[] return a different value, both
+values, when assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], are guaranteed to produce the
+same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers.
+This means that certain values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] will
+\f[I]not\f[] produce unique sequences of pseudo\-random numbers.
+The value of \f[B]seed\f[] will change after any use of the
+\f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] operands (see the
+\f[I]Operands\f[] subsection below), except if the parameter passed to
+\f[B]irand(E)\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], \f[B]1\f[], or negative.
+.PP
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits)
+or \f[I]scale\f[] of the value that can be assigned to \f[B]seed\f[].
+.PP
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the
+same as variables.
+This also applies to functions (see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section), so
+a user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same
+name, and they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions
+or not.
+.PP
+Named expressions are required as the operand of
+\f[B]increment\f[]/\f[B]decrement\f[] operators and as the left side of
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators (see the \f[I]Operators\f[] subsection).
+.SS Operands
+.PP
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+.IP " 1." 4
+Numbers (see the \f[I]Numbers\f[] subsection below).
+.IP " 2." 4
+Array indices (\f[B]I[E]\f[]).
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B](E)\f[]: The value of \f[B]E\f[] (used to change precedence).
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]sqrt(E)\f[]: The square root of \f[B]E\f[].
+\f[B]E\f[] must be non\-negative.
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]length(E)\f[]: The number of significant decimal digits in
+\f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]length(I[])\f[]: The number of elements in the array \f[B]I\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 7." 4
+\f[B]scale(E)\f[]: The \f[I]scale\f[] of \f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]abs(E)\f[]: The absolute value of \f[B]E\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a non\-\f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]read()\f[]: Reads a line from \f[B]stdin\f[] and uses that as an
+expression.
+The result of that expression is the result of the \f[B]read()\f[]
+operand.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]maxibase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]ibase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]maxobase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]obase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "13." 4
+\f[B]maxscale()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]scale\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]rand()\f[]: A pseudo\-random integer between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive)
+and \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[] (inclusive).
+Using this operand will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]irand(E)\f[]: A pseudo\-random integer between \f[B]0\f[]
+(inclusive) and the value of \f[B]E\f[] (exclusive).
+If \f[B]E\f[] is negative or is a non\-integer (\f[B]E\f[]\[aq]s
+\f[I]scale\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[]), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets
+(see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) while \f[B]seed\f[] remains unchanged.
+If \f[B]E\f[] is larger than \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[], the higher bound is
+honored by generating several pseudo\-random integers, multiplying them
+by appropriate powers of \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX+1\f[], and adding them
+together.
+Thus, the size of integer that can be generated with this operand is
+unbounded.
+Using this operand will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[], unless the
+value of \f[B]E\f[] is \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+In that case, \f[B]0\f[] is returned, and \f[B]seed\f[] is \f[I]not\f[]
+changed.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "16." 4
+\f[B]maxrand()\f[]: The max integer returned by \f[B]rand()\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+The integers generated by \f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] are
+guaranteed to be as unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of
+the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: The values returned by the pseudo\-random number
+generator with \f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] are guaranteed to
+\f[I]NOT\f[] be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo\-random number generator.
+However, they \f[I]are\f[] guaranteed to be reproducible with identical
+\f[B]seed\f[] values.
+.SS Numbers
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most
+\f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]Z\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]35\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, bc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation.
+These have the form \f[B]<number>e<integer>\f[].
+The power (the portion after the \f[B]e\f[]) must be an integer.
+An example is \f[B]1.89237e9\f[], which is equal to \f[B]1892370000\f[].
+Negative exponents are also allowed, so \f[B]4.2890e\-3\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0.0042890\f[].
+.PP
+Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the \f[B]\-s\f[] or
+\f[B]\-w\f[], respectively, command\-line options (or equivalents) are
+given.
+.PP
+\f[B]WARNING\f[]: Both the number and the exponent in scientific
+notation are interpreted according to the current \f[B]ibase\f[], but
+the number is still multiplied by \f[B]10^exponent\f[] regardless of the
+current \f[B]ibase\f[].
+For example, if \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[] and bc(1) is given the
+number string \f[B]FFeA\f[], the resulting decimal number will be
+\f[B]2550000000000\f[], and if bc(1) is given the number string
+\f[B]10e\-4\f[], the resulting decimal number will be \f[B]0.0016\f[].
+.PP
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a \f[B]non\-portable
+extension\f[].
+.SS Operators
+.PP
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used.
+They are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+Operators in the same group have the same precedence.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+Type: Prefix and Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]increment\f[], \f[B]decrement\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[] \f[B]!\f[]
+Type: Prefix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]negation\f[], \f[B]boolean not\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+Type: Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]truncation\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]set precision\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]power\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[] \f[B]/\f[] \f[B]%\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]multiply\f[], \f[B]divide\f[], \f[B]modulus\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[] \f[B]\-\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]add\f[], \f[B]subtract\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<<\f[] \f[B]>>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]shift left\f[], \f[B]shift right\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]<<=\f[] \f[B]>>=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[] \f[B]\@=\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]assignment\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]relational\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean and\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean or\f[]
+.RE
+.PP
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+The prefix and postfix \f[B]increment\f[] and \f[B]decrement\f[]
+operators behave exactly like they would in C.
+They require a named expression (see the \f[I]Named Expressions\f[]
+subsection) as an operand.
+.RS
+.PP
+The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them
+where possible.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]negation\f[] operator returns \f[B]0\f[] if a user attempts to
+negate any expression with the value \f[B]0\f[].
+Otherwise, a copy of the expression with its sign flipped is returned.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean not\f[] operator returns \f[B]1\f[] if the expression
+is \f[B]0\f[], or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+The \f[B]truncation\f[] operator returns a copy of the given expression
+with all of its \f[I]scale\f[] removed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+The \f[B]set precision\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns a
+copy of the first with its \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the value of the
+second expression.
+That could either mean that the number is returned without change (if
+the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression matches the value of the
+second expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is
+more).
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The \f[B]power\f[] operator (not the \f[B]exclusive or\f[] operator, as
+it would be in C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the
+power of the value of the second.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]), and if it
+is negative, the first value must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The \f[B]multiply\f[] operator takes two expressions, multiplies them,
+and returns the product.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The \f[B]divide\f[] operator takes two expressions, divides them, and
+returns the quotient.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result shall be the value of \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The \f[B]modulus\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and evaluates them by 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[] and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The \f[B]add\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the sum, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the max
+of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]subtract\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the difference, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to
+the max of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<<\f[]
+The \f[B]left shift\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns a copy of the value of \f[B]a\f[] with its
+decimal point moved \f[B]b\f[] places to the right.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>>\f[]
+The \f[B]right shift\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns a copy of the value of \f[B]a\f[] with its
+decimal point moved \f[B]b\f[] places to the left.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]<<=\f[] \f[B]>>=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[] \f[B]\@=\f[]
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators take two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[] where \f[B]a\f[] is a named expression (see the \f[I]Named
+Expressions\f[] subsection).
+.RS
+.PP
+For \f[B]=\f[], \f[B]b\f[] is copied and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+For all others, \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[] are applied as operands to the
+corresponding arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators that correspond to operators that are
+extensions are themselves \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+The \f[B]relational\f[] operators compare two expressions, \f[B]a\f[]
+and \f[B]b\f[], and if the relation holds, according to C language
+semantics, the result is \f[B]1\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators, which means that \f[B]a=b>c\f[] is
+interpreted as \f[B](a=b)>c\f[].
+.PP
+Also, unlike the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+requires, these operators can appear anywhere any other expressions can
+be used.
+This allowance is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean and\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if both expressions are non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean or\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if one of the expressions is non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Statements
+.PP
+The following items are statements:
+.IP " 1." 4
+\f[B]E\f[]
+.IP " 2." 4
+\f[B]{\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B];\f[] ...
+\f[B];\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]}\f[]
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]else\f[]
+\f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]while\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]for\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[]
+\f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 7." 4
+An empty statement
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]break\f[]
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]continue\f[]
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]quit\f[]
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]halt\f[]
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]limits\f[]
+.IP "13." 4
+A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]print\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B],\f[] ...
+\f[B],\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.PP
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Also, as a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], any or all of the
+expressions in the header of a for loop may be omitted.
+If the condition (second expression) is omitted, it is assumed to be a
+constant \f[B]1\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]break\f[] statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume
+execution immediately following a loop.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]continue\f[] statement causes a loop iteration to stop early
+and returns to the start of the loop, including testing the loop
+condition.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]if\f[] \f[B]else\f[] statement does the same thing as in C.
+.PP
+The \f[B]quit\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a
+branch that will not be executed (it is a compile\-time command).
+.PP
+The \f[B]halt\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed.
+(Unlike \f[B]quit\f[] if it is on a branch of an \f[B]if\f[] statement
+that is not executed, bc(1) does not quit.)
+.PP
+The \f[B]limits\f[] statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is
+subject to.
+This is like the \f[B]quit\f[] statement in that it is a compile\-time
+command.
+.PP
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+.PP
+Both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for
+printing the results of expressions.
+Scientific notation is activated by assigning \f[B]0\f[] to
+\f[B]obase\f[], and engineering notation is activated by assigning
+\f[B]1\f[] to \f[B]obase\f[].
+To deactivate them, just assign a different value to \f[B]obase\f[].
+.PP
+Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is
+run with either the \f[B]\-s\f[] or \f[B]\-w\f[] command\-line options
+(or equivalents).
+.PP
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Print Statement
+.PP
+The "expressions" in a \f[B]print\f[] statement may also be strings.
+If they are, there are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted
+specially.
+What those sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown
+below:
+.PP
+.TS
+tab(@);
+l l.
+T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\\\\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\e\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\q\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]"\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}
+.TE
+.PP
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and
+character to be printed as\-is.
+.PP
+Any non\-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to
+\f[B]last\f[], like any other expression that is printed.
+.SS Order of Evaluation
+.PP
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as
+necessary to maintain order of operations.
+This means, for example, assuming that \f[B]i\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0\f[], in the expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+a[i++]\ =\ i++
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first (or 0th) element of \f[B]a\f[] is set to \f[B]1\f[], and
+\f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] at the end of the expression.
+.PP
+This includes function arguments.
+Thus, assuming \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], this means that in the
+expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+x(i++,\ i++)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first argument passed to \f[B]x()\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], and the second
+argument is \f[B]1\f[], while \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] before
+the function starts executing.
+.SH FUNCTIONS
+.PP
+Function definitions are as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return(E)
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list or \f[B]auto\f[] list may be
+replaced with \f[B]I[]\f[] to make a parameter or \f[B]auto\f[] var an
+array, and any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list may be replaced with
+\f[B]*I[]\f[] to make a parameter an array reference.
+Callers of functions that take array references should not put an
+asterisk in the call; they must be called with just \f[B]I[]\f[] like
+normal array parameters and will be automatically converted into
+references.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the opening brace of a
+\f[B]define\f[] statement may appear on the next line.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the return statement may also be
+in one of the following forms:
+.IP "1." 3
+\f[B]return\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B])\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.PP
+The first two, or not specifying a \f[B]return\f[] statement, is
+equivalent to \f[B]return (0)\f[], unless the function is a
+\f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection
+below).
+.SS Void Functions
+.PP
+Functions can also be \f[B]void\f[] functions, defined as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an
+expression would be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+.PP
+Void functions can only use the first two \f[B]return\f[] statements
+listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+.PP
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to
+have variables, arrays, and functions named \f[B]void\f[].
+The word "void" is only treated specially right after the
+\f[B]define\f[] keyword.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Array References
+.PP
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the
+form
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+*I[]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+it is a \f[B]reference\f[].
+Any changes to the array in the function are reflected, when the
+function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+.PP
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH LIBRARY
+.PP
+All of the functions below, including the functions in the extended math
+library (see the \f[I]Extended Library\f[] subsection below), are
+available when the \f[B]\-l\f[] or \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[] command\-line
+flags are given, except that the extended math library is not available
+when the \f[B]\-s\f[] option, the \f[B]\-w\f[] option, or equivalents
+are given.
+.SS Standard Library
+.PP
+The
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+defines the following functions for the math library:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l(x)\f[]
+Returns the natural logarithm of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]e(x)\f[]
+Returns the mathematical constant \f[B]e\f[] raised to the power of
+\f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+Returns the bessel integer order \f[B]n\f[] (truncated) of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.SS Extended Library
+.PP
+The extended library is \f[I]not\f[] loaded when the
+\f[B]\-s\f[]/\f[B]\-\-standard\f[] or \f[B]\-w\f[]/\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+options are given since they are not part of the library defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).
+.PP
+The extended library is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p(x, y)\f[]
+Calculates \f[B]x\f[] to the power of \f[B]y\f[], even if \f[B]y\f[] is
+not an integer, and returns the result to the current \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r(x, p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] rounded to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places according to the
+rounding mode round half away from
+\f[B]0\f[] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ceil(x, p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] rounded to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places according to the
+rounding mode round away from
+\f[B]0\f[] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f(x)\f[]
+Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]perm(n, k)\f[]
+Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]n\f[] of
+the truncated absolute value of \f[B]k\f[], if \f[B]k <= n\f[].
+If not, it returns \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]comb(n, k)\f[]
+Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]n\f[] of
+the truncated absolute value of \f[B]k\f[], if \f[B]k <= n\f[].
+If not, it returns \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l2(x)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]2\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l10(x)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]10\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]log(x, b)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]b\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]cbrt(x)\f[]
+Returns the cube root of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]root(x, n)\f[]
+Calculates the truncated value of \f[B]n\f[], \f[B]r\f[], and returns
+the \f[B]r\f[]th root of \f[B]x\f[] to the current \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]r\f[] is \f[B]0\f[] or negative, this raises an error and causes
+bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+It also raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset if \f[B]r\f[] is even
+and \f[B]x\f[] is negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]pi(p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]pi\f[] to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]t(x)\f[]
+Returns the tangent of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a2(y, x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]y/x\f[], in radians.
+If both \f[B]y\f[] and \f[B]x\f[] are equal to \f[B]0\f[], it raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, if \f[B]x\f[] is greater than \f[B]0\f[], it returns
+\f[B]a(y/x)\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than or
+equal to \f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)+pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)\-pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]pi/2\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]\-pi/2\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This function is the same as the \f[B]atan2()\f[] function in many
+programming languages.
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]sin(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]s(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]cos(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]c(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]tan(x)\f[]
+Returns the tangent of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]1\f[] or \f[B]\-1\f[], this raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]t(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]atan(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]a(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]atan2(y, x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]y/x\f[], in radians.
+If both \f[B]y\f[] and \f[B]x\f[] are equal to \f[B]0\f[], it raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, if \f[B]x\f[] is greater than \f[B]0\f[], it returns
+\f[B]a(y/x)\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than or
+equal to \f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)+pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)\-pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]pi/2\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]\-pi/2\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This function is the same as the \f[B]atan2()\f[] function in many
+programming languages.
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]a2(y, x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r2d(x)\f[]
+Converts \f[B]x\f[] from radians to degrees and returns the result.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d2r(x)\f[]
+Converts \f[B]x\f[] from degrees to radians and returns the result.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]frand(p)\f[]
+Generates a pseudo\-random number between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive) and
+\f[B]1\f[] (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the
+decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of \f[B]p\f[].
+If \f[B]p\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[], then calling this function will change
+the value of \f[B]seed\f[].
+If \f[B]p\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], then \f[B]0\f[] is returned, and
+\f[B]seed\f[] is \f[I]not\f[] changed.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ifrand(i, p)\f[]
+Generates a pseudo\-random number that is between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive)
+and the truncated absolute value of \f[B]i\f[] (exclusive) with the
+number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated
+absolute value of \f[B]p\f[].
+If the absolute value of \f[B]i\f[] is greater than or equal to
+\f[B]2\f[], and \f[B]p\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[], then calling this function
+will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[]; otherwise, \f[B]0\f[] is
+returned and \f[B]seed\f[] is not changed.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]srand(x)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] with its sign flipped with probability \f[B]0.5\f[].
+In other words, it randomizes the sign of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]brand()\f[]
+Returns a random boolean value (either \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[]).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ubytes(x)\f[]
+Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the
+truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]sbytes(x)\f[]
+Returns the numbers of signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer bytes
+required to hold the truncated value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]hex(x)\f[]
+Outputs the hexadecimal (base \f[B]16\f[]) representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]binary(x)\f[]
+Outputs the binary (base \f[B]2\f[]) representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output(x, b)\f[]
+Outputs the base \f[B]b\f[] representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in as few power of two bytes as possible.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or is negative, an error message is
+printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[]
+section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as
+possible.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, an error message is printed instead,
+but bc(1) is not reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uintn(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]n\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]intn(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]n\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint8(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]1\f[] byte.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]1\f[] byte, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int8(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]1\f[] byte.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]1\f[] byte, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint16(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]2\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]2\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int16(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]2\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]2\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint32(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]4\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]4\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int32(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]4\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]4\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint64(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]8\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]8\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int64(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]8\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]8\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]hex_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in hexadecimal using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]binary_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in binary using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in the current \f[B]obase\f[] (see the
+\f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output_byte(x, i)\f[]
+Outputs byte \f[B]i\f[] of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[],
+where \f[B]0\f[] is the least significant byte and \f[B]number_of_bytes
+\- 1\f[] is the most significant byte.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.SS Transcendental Functions
+.PP
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up
+to 1 ULP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place)).
+This is unavoidable, and this
+article (https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT) explains
+why it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the
+transcendental functions.
+.PP
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those
+functions with the precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) set to at least 1 higher
+than is necessary.
+If exact results are \f[I]absolutely\f[] required, users can double the
+precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) and then truncate.
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]s(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]c(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]e(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l2(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l10(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]log(x, b)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]pi(p)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]t(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a2(y, x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]sin(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]cos(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]tan(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]atan(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]atan2(y, x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]r2d(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]d2r(x)\f[]
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all functions returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.PP
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which
+attempts to start executing the statement right after the one that
+caused an error.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most bc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This bc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+The actual values of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] and \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[] can
+be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+bc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[]
+The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the \f[B]rand()\f[] operand.
+Set at \f[B]2^BC_LONG_BIT\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+The actual values can be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]POSIXLY_CORRECT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+the \f[B]\-s\f[] option was given.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to bc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "bc"
+file.bc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), bc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash (\f[B]\\\f[]).
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, using a negative number as a bound for the
+pseudo\-random number generator, attempting to convert a negative number
+to a hardware integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware
+integer, and attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is
+required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]), places (\f[B]\@\f[]), left shift (\f[B]<<\f[]), and
+right shift (\f[B]>>\f[]) operators and their corresponding assignment
+operators.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, using a token
+where it is invalid, giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid
+print statement, giving an invalid function definition, attempting to
+assign to an expression that is not a named expression (see the
+\f[I]Named Expressions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section),
+giving an invalid \f[B]auto\f[] list, having a duplicate
+\f[B]auto\f[]/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code
+block, attempting to return a value from a \f[B]void\f[] function,
+attempting to use a variable as a reference, and using any extensions
+when the option \f[B]\-s\f[] or any equivalents were given.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, passing the wrong number of arguments
+to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and attempting
+to use a \f[B]void\f[] function call as a value in an expression.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (bc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+bc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Per the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If bc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If bc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to bc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause bc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+.SH LOCALES
+.PP
+This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different
+locales and thus, supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGES\f[].
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+dc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+bc(1) is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+The flags \f[B]\-efghiqsvVw\f[], all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+.PP
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts
+numbers that use a period (\f[B].\f[]) as a radix point, regardless of
+the value of \f[B]LC_NUMERIC\f[].
+.PP
+This bc(1) supports error messages for different locales, and thus, it
+supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGES\f[].
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHORS
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HP.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/N.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/N.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/N.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2092 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "BC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH NAME
+.PP
+bc \- arbitrary\-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]bc\f[] [\f[B]\-ghilPqsvVw\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in
+1991 by POSIX.
+(The current standard is
+here (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).)
+The language provides unlimited precision decimal arithmetic and is
+somewhat C\-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+.PP
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on
+the command line and executes them before reading from \f[B]stdin\f[].
+.PP
+This bc(1) is a drop\-in replacement for \f[I]any\f[] bc(1), including
+(and especially) the GNU bc(1).
+It also has many extensions and extra features beyond other
+implementations.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-g\f[], \f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]
+Turns the globals \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], and
+\f[B]seed\f[] into stacks.
+.RS
+.PP
+This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all four are
+pushed onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when
+every function returns.
+This means that functions can assign to any and all of those globals
+without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+Thus, a hypothetical function named \f[B]output(x,b)\f[] that simply
+printed \f[B]x\f[] in base \f[B]b\f[] could be written like this:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ x
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+instead of like this:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ auto\ c
+\ \ \ \ c=obase
+\ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ obase=c
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+This makes writing functions much easier.
+.PP
+(\f[B]Note\f[]: the function \f[B]output(x,b)\f[] exists in the extended
+math library.
+See the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.)
+.PP
+However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], or \f[B]seed\f[]
+globally, functions that are made to do so cannot work anymore.
+There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a solution.
+.PP
+First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+aliases.
+Examples:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+alias\ d2o="bc\ \-e\ ibase=A\ \-e\ obase=8"
+alias\ h2b="bc\ \-e\ ibase=G\ \-e\ obase=2"
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Second, if the purpose of a function is to set \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], or \f[B]seed\f[] globally for any other
+purpose, it could be split into one to four functions (based on how many
+globals it sets) and each of those functions could return the desired
+value for a global.
+.PP
+For functions that set \f[B]seed\f[], the value assigned to
+\f[B]seed\f[] is not propagated to parent functions.
+This means that the sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that they see
+will not be the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that any parent
+sees.
+This is only the case once \f[B]seed\f[] has been set.
+.PP
+If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo\-random
+numbers of its parents, but wants to use the same \f[B]seed\f[], it can
+use the following line:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+seed\ =\ seed
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then
+users could make sure to define \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] and include this
+option (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section for more
+details).
+.PP
+If \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-w\f[], or any equivalents are used, this option
+is ignored.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-l\f[], \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]
+Sets \f[B]scale\f[] (see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) to \f[B]20\f[] and
+loads the included math library and the extended math library before
+running any code, including any expressions or files specified on the
+command line.
+.RS
+.PP
+To learn what is in the libraries, see the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+Disables the prompt in TTY mode.
+(The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+See the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section) This is mostly for those users that
+do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in bc(1).
+Most of those users would want to put this option in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-q\f[], \f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]
+Do not print copyright header.
+bc(1) will also suppress the header in non\-interactive mode.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is mostly for compatibility with the GNU
+bc(1) (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-\-standard\f[]
+Process exactly the language defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+and error if any extensions are used.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-w\f[], \f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+Like \f[B]\-s\f[] and \f[B]\-\-standard\f[], except that warnings (and
+not errors) are printed for non\-standard extensions and execution
+continues normally.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C\-like, with some differences.
+This bc(1) follows the POSIX
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+which is a much more thorough resource for the language this bc(1)
+accepts.
+This section is meant to be a summary and a listing of all the
+extensions to the standard.
+.PP
+In the sections below, \f[B]E\f[] means expression, \f[B]S\f[] means
+statement, and \f[B]I\f[] means identifier.
+.PP
+Identifiers (\f[B]I\f[]) start with a lowercase letter and can be
+followed by any number (up to \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\-1\f[]) of lowercase
+letters (\f[B]a\-z\f[]), digits (\f[B]0\-9\f[]), and underscores
+(\f[B]_\f[]).
+The regex is \f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[].
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a global variable determining how to interpret
+constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+If the \f[B]\-s\f[] (\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]) and \f[B]\-w\f[]
+(\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]) flags were not given on the command line, the max
+allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]36\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in bc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]maxibase()\f[] built\-in function.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a global variable determining how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxobase()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[].
+If \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], values are output in scientific
+notation, and if \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]1\f[], values are output in
+engineering notation.
+Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are
+\f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a global variable that sets the precision of any operations, with
+exceptions.
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] is \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxscale()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+.PP
+bc(1) has both \f[I]global\f[] variables and \f[I]local\f[] variables.
+All \f[I]local\f[] variables are local to the function; they are
+parameters or are introduced in the \f[B]auto\f[] list of a function
+(see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+If a variable is accessed which is not a parameter or in the
+\f[B]auto\f[] list, it is assumed to be \f[I]global\f[].
+If a parent function has a \f[I]local\f[] variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers \f[I]global\f[], the value of that
+\f[I]global\f[] variable in the child function is the value of the
+variable in the parent function, not the value of the actual
+\f[I]global\f[] variable.
+.PP
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+.PP
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence
+operator is an assignment operator \f[I]and\f[] the expression is
+notsurrounded by parentheses.
+.PP
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable
+\f[B]last\f[].
+A single dot (\f[B].\f[]) may also be used as a synonym for
+\f[B]last\f[].
+These are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+There are two kinds of comments:
+.IP "1." 3
+Block comments are enclosed in \f[B]/*\f[] and \f[B]*/\f[].
+.IP "2." 3
+Line comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next
+newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Named Expressions
+.PP
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+.IP "1." 3
+Variables: \f[B]I\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+Array Elements: \f[B]I[E]\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]ibase\f[]
+.IP "4." 3
+\f[B]obase\f[]
+.IP "5." 3
+\f[B]scale\f[]
+.IP "6." 3
+\f[B]seed\f[]
+.IP "7." 3
+\f[B]last\f[] or a single dot (\f[B].\f[])
+.PP
+Numbers 6 and 7 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The meaning of \f[B]seed\f[] is dependent on the current pseudo\-random
+number generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major
+versions.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] and sign of the value may be significant.
+.PP
+If a previously used \f[B]seed\f[] value is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[]
+and used again, the pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers as it did when the
+\f[B]seed\f[] value was previously used.
+.PP
+The exact value assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] is not guaranteed to be
+returned if \f[B]seed\f[] is queried again immediately.
+However, if \f[B]seed\f[] \f[I]does\f[] return a different value, both
+values, when assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], are guaranteed to produce the
+same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers.
+This means that certain values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] will
+\f[I]not\f[] produce unique sequences of pseudo\-random numbers.
+The value of \f[B]seed\f[] will change after any use of the
+\f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] operands (see the
+\f[I]Operands\f[] subsection below), except if the parameter passed to
+\f[B]irand(E)\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], \f[B]1\f[], or negative.
+.PP
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits)
+or \f[I]scale\f[] of the value that can be assigned to \f[B]seed\f[].
+.PP
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the
+same as variables.
+This also applies to functions (see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section), so
+a user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same
+name, and they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions
+or not.
+.PP
+Named expressions are required as the operand of
+\f[B]increment\f[]/\f[B]decrement\f[] operators and as the left side of
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators (see the \f[I]Operators\f[] subsection).
+.SS Operands
+.PP
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+.IP " 1." 4
+Numbers (see the \f[I]Numbers\f[] subsection below).
+.IP " 2." 4
+Array indices (\f[B]I[E]\f[]).
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B](E)\f[]: The value of \f[B]E\f[] (used to change precedence).
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]sqrt(E)\f[]: The square root of \f[B]E\f[].
+\f[B]E\f[] must be non\-negative.
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]length(E)\f[]: The number of significant decimal digits in
+\f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]length(I[])\f[]: The number of elements in the array \f[B]I\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 7." 4
+\f[B]scale(E)\f[]: The \f[I]scale\f[] of \f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]abs(E)\f[]: The absolute value of \f[B]E\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a non\-\f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]read()\f[]: Reads a line from \f[B]stdin\f[] and uses that as an
+expression.
+The result of that expression is the result of the \f[B]read()\f[]
+operand.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]maxibase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]ibase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]maxobase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]obase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "13." 4
+\f[B]maxscale()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]scale\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]rand()\f[]: A pseudo\-random integer between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive)
+and \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[] (inclusive).
+Using this operand will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]irand(E)\f[]: A pseudo\-random integer between \f[B]0\f[]
+(inclusive) and the value of \f[B]E\f[] (exclusive).
+If \f[B]E\f[] is negative or is a non\-integer (\f[B]E\f[]\[aq]s
+\f[I]scale\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[]), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets
+(see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) while \f[B]seed\f[] remains unchanged.
+If \f[B]E\f[] is larger than \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[], the higher bound is
+honored by generating several pseudo\-random integers, multiplying them
+by appropriate powers of \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX+1\f[], and adding them
+together.
+Thus, the size of integer that can be generated with this operand is
+unbounded.
+Using this operand will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[], unless the
+value of \f[B]E\f[] is \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+In that case, \f[B]0\f[] is returned, and \f[B]seed\f[] is \f[I]not\f[]
+changed.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "16." 4
+\f[B]maxrand()\f[]: The max integer returned by \f[B]rand()\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+The integers generated by \f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] are
+guaranteed to be as unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of
+the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: The values returned by the pseudo\-random number
+generator with \f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] are guaranteed to
+\f[I]NOT\f[] be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo\-random number generator.
+However, they \f[I]are\f[] guaranteed to be reproducible with identical
+\f[B]seed\f[] values.
+.SS Numbers
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most
+\f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]Z\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]35\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, bc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation.
+These have the form \f[B]<number>e<integer>\f[].
+The power (the portion after the \f[B]e\f[]) must be an integer.
+An example is \f[B]1.89237e9\f[], which is equal to \f[B]1892370000\f[].
+Negative exponents are also allowed, so \f[B]4.2890e\-3\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0.0042890\f[].
+.PP
+Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the \f[B]\-s\f[] or
+\f[B]\-w\f[], respectively, command\-line options (or equivalents) are
+given.
+.PP
+\f[B]WARNING\f[]: Both the number and the exponent in scientific
+notation are interpreted according to the current \f[B]ibase\f[], but
+the number is still multiplied by \f[B]10^exponent\f[] regardless of the
+current \f[B]ibase\f[].
+For example, if \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[] and bc(1) is given the
+number string \f[B]FFeA\f[], the resulting decimal number will be
+\f[B]2550000000000\f[], and if bc(1) is given the number string
+\f[B]10e\-4\f[], the resulting decimal number will be \f[B]0.0016\f[].
+.PP
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a \f[B]non\-portable
+extension\f[].
+.SS Operators
+.PP
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used.
+They are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+Operators in the same group have the same precedence.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+Type: Prefix and Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]increment\f[], \f[B]decrement\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[] \f[B]!\f[]
+Type: Prefix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]negation\f[], \f[B]boolean not\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+Type: Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]truncation\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]set precision\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]power\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[] \f[B]/\f[] \f[B]%\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]multiply\f[], \f[B]divide\f[], \f[B]modulus\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[] \f[B]\-\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]add\f[], \f[B]subtract\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<<\f[] \f[B]>>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]shift left\f[], \f[B]shift right\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]<<=\f[] \f[B]>>=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[] \f[B]\@=\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]assignment\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]relational\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean and\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean or\f[]
+.RE
+.PP
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+The prefix and postfix \f[B]increment\f[] and \f[B]decrement\f[]
+operators behave exactly like they would in C.
+They require a named expression (see the \f[I]Named Expressions\f[]
+subsection) as an operand.
+.RS
+.PP
+The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them
+where possible.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]negation\f[] operator returns \f[B]0\f[] if a user attempts to
+negate any expression with the value \f[B]0\f[].
+Otherwise, a copy of the expression with its sign flipped is returned.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean not\f[] operator returns \f[B]1\f[] if the expression
+is \f[B]0\f[], or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+The \f[B]truncation\f[] operator returns a copy of the given expression
+with all of its \f[I]scale\f[] removed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+The \f[B]set precision\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns a
+copy of the first with its \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the value of the
+second expression.
+That could either mean that the number is returned without change (if
+the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression matches the value of the
+second expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is
+more).
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The \f[B]power\f[] operator (not the \f[B]exclusive or\f[] operator, as
+it would be in C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the
+power of the value of the second.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]), and if it
+is negative, the first value must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The \f[B]multiply\f[] operator takes two expressions, multiplies them,
+and returns the product.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The \f[B]divide\f[] operator takes two expressions, divides them, and
+returns the quotient.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result shall be the value of \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The \f[B]modulus\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and evaluates them by 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[] and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The \f[B]add\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the sum, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the max
+of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]subtract\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the difference, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to
+the max of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<<\f[]
+The \f[B]left shift\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns a copy of the value of \f[B]a\f[] with its
+decimal point moved \f[B]b\f[] places to the right.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>>\f[]
+The \f[B]right shift\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns a copy of the value of \f[B]a\f[] with its
+decimal point moved \f[B]b\f[] places to the left.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]<<=\f[] \f[B]>>=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[] \f[B]\@=\f[]
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators take two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[] where \f[B]a\f[] is a named expression (see the \f[I]Named
+Expressions\f[] subsection).
+.RS
+.PP
+For \f[B]=\f[], \f[B]b\f[] is copied and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+For all others, \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[] are applied as operands to the
+corresponding arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators that correspond to operators that are
+extensions are themselves \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+The \f[B]relational\f[] operators compare two expressions, \f[B]a\f[]
+and \f[B]b\f[], and if the relation holds, according to C language
+semantics, the result is \f[B]1\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators, which means that \f[B]a=b>c\f[] is
+interpreted as \f[B](a=b)>c\f[].
+.PP
+Also, unlike the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+requires, these operators can appear anywhere any other expressions can
+be used.
+This allowance is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean and\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if both expressions are non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean or\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if one of the expressions is non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Statements
+.PP
+The following items are statements:
+.IP " 1." 4
+\f[B]E\f[]
+.IP " 2." 4
+\f[B]{\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B];\f[] ...
+\f[B];\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]}\f[]
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]else\f[]
+\f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]while\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]for\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[]
+\f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 7." 4
+An empty statement
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]break\f[]
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]continue\f[]
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]quit\f[]
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]halt\f[]
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]limits\f[]
+.IP "13." 4
+A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]print\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B],\f[] ...
+\f[B],\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.PP
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Also, as a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], any or all of the
+expressions in the header of a for loop may be omitted.
+If the condition (second expression) is omitted, it is assumed to be a
+constant \f[B]1\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]break\f[] statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume
+execution immediately following a loop.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]continue\f[] statement causes a loop iteration to stop early
+and returns to the start of the loop, including testing the loop
+condition.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]if\f[] \f[B]else\f[] statement does the same thing as in C.
+.PP
+The \f[B]quit\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a
+branch that will not be executed (it is a compile\-time command).
+.PP
+The \f[B]halt\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed.
+(Unlike \f[B]quit\f[] if it is on a branch of an \f[B]if\f[] statement
+that is not executed, bc(1) does not quit.)
+.PP
+The \f[B]limits\f[] statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is
+subject to.
+This is like the \f[B]quit\f[] statement in that it is a compile\-time
+command.
+.PP
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+.PP
+Both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for
+printing the results of expressions.
+Scientific notation is activated by assigning \f[B]0\f[] to
+\f[B]obase\f[], and engineering notation is activated by assigning
+\f[B]1\f[] to \f[B]obase\f[].
+To deactivate them, just assign a different value to \f[B]obase\f[].
+.PP
+Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is
+run with either the \f[B]\-s\f[] or \f[B]\-w\f[] command\-line options
+(or equivalents).
+.PP
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Print Statement
+.PP
+The "expressions" in a \f[B]print\f[] statement may also be strings.
+If they are, there are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted
+specially.
+What those sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown
+below:
+.PP
+.TS
+tab(@);
+l l.
+T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\\\\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\e\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\q\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]"\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}
+.TE
+.PP
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and
+character to be printed as\-is.
+.PP
+Any non\-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to
+\f[B]last\f[], like any other expression that is printed.
+.SS Order of Evaluation
+.PP
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as
+necessary to maintain order of operations.
+This means, for example, assuming that \f[B]i\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0\f[], in the expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+a[i++]\ =\ i++
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first (or 0th) element of \f[B]a\f[] is set to \f[B]1\f[], and
+\f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] at the end of the expression.
+.PP
+This includes function arguments.
+Thus, assuming \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], this means that in the
+expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+x(i++,\ i++)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first argument passed to \f[B]x()\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], and the second
+argument is \f[B]1\f[], while \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] before
+the function starts executing.
+.SH FUNCTIONS
+.PP
+Function definitions are as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return(E)
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list or \f[B]auto\f[] list may be
+replaced with \f[B]I[]\f[] to make a parameter or \f[B]auto\f[] var an
+array, and any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list may be replaced with
+\f[B]*I[]\f[] to make a parameter an array reference.
+Callers of functions that take array references should not put an
+asterisk in the call; they must be called with just \f[B]I[]\f[] like
+normal array parameters and will be automatically converted into
+references.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the opening brace of a
+\f[B]define\f[] statement may appear on the next line.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the return statement may also be
+in one of the following forms:
+.IP "1." 3
+\f[B]return\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B])\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.PP
+The first two, or not specifying a \f[B]return\f[] statement, is
+equivalent to \f[B]return (0)\f[], unless the function is a
+\f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection
+below).
+.SS Void Functions
+.PP
+Functions can also be \f[B]void\f[] functions, defined as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an
+expression would be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+.PP
+Void functions can only use the first two \f[B]return\f[] statements
+listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+.PP
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to
+have variables, arrays, and functions named \f[B]void\f[].
+The word "void" is only treated specially right after the
+\f[B]define\f[] keyword.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Array References
+.PP
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the
+form
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+*I[]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+it is a \f[B]reference\f[].
+Any changes to the array in the function are reflected, when the
+function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+.PP
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH LIBRARY
+.PP
+All of the functions below, including the functions in the extended math
+library (see the \f[I]Extended Library\f[] subsection below), are
+available when the \f[B]\-l\f[] or \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[] command\-line
+flags are given, except that the extended math library is not available
+when the \f[B]\-s\f[] option, the \f[B]\-w\f[] option, or equivalents
+are given.
+.SS Standard Library
+.PP
+The
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+defines the following functions for the math library:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l(x)\f[]
+Returns the natural logarithm of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]e(x)\f[]
+Returns the mathematical constant \f[B]e\f[] raised to the power of
+\f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+Returns the bessel integer order \f[B]n\f[] (truncated) of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.SS Extended Library
+.PP
+The extended library is \f[I]not\f[] loaded when the
+\f[B]\-s\f[]/\f[B]\-\-standard\f[] or \f[B]\-w\f[]/\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+options are given since they are not part of the library defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).
+.PP
+The extended library is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p(x, y)\f[]
+Calculates \f[B]x\f[] to the power of \f[B]y\f[], even if \f[B]y\f[] is
+not an integer, and returns the result to the current \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r(x, p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] rounded to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places according to the
+rounding mode round half away from
+\f[B]0\f[] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ceil(x, p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] rounded to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places according to the
+rounding mode round away from
+\f[B]0\f[] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f(x)\f[]
+Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]perm(n, k)\f[]
+Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]n\f[] of
+the truncated absolute value of \f[B]k\f[], if \f[B]k <= n\f[].
+If not, it returns \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]comb(n, k)\f[]
+Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]n\f[] of
+the truncated absolute value of \f[B]k\f[], if \f[B]k <= n\f[].
+If not, it returns \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l2(x)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]2\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l10(x)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]10\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]log(x, b)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]b\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]cbrt(x)\f[]
+Returns the cube root of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]root(x, n)\f[]
+Calculates the truncated value of \f[B]n\f[], \f[B]r\f[], and returns
+the \f[B]r\f[]th root of \f[B]x\f[] to the current \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]r\f[] is \f[B]0\f[] or negative, this raises an error and causes
+bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+It also raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset if \f[B]r\f[] is even
+and \f[B]x\f[] is negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]pi(p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]pi\f[] to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]t(x)\f[]
+Returns the tangent of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a2(y, x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]y/x\f[], in radians.
+If both \f[B]y\f[] and \f[B]x\f[] are equal to \f[B]0\f[], it raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, if \f[B]x\f[] is greater than \f[B]0\f[], it returns
+\f[B]a(y/x)\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than or
+equal to \f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)+pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)\-pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]pi/2\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]\-pi/2\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This function is the same as the \f[B]atan2()\f[] function in many
+programming languages.
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]sin(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]s(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]cos(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]c(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]tan(x)\f[]
+Returns the tangent of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]1\f[] or \f[B]\-1\f[], this raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]t(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]atan(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]a(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]atan2(y, x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]y/x\f[], in radians.
+If both \f[B]y\f[] and \f[B]x\f[] are equal to \f[B]0\f[], it raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, if \f[B]x\f[] is greater than \f[B]0\f[], it returns
+\f[B]a(y/x)\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than or
+equal to \f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)+pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)\-pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]pi/2\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]\-pi/2\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This function is the same as the \f[B]atan2()\f[] function in many
+programming languages.
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]a2(y, x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r2d(x)\f[]
+Converts \f[B]x\f[] from radians to degrees and returns the result.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d2r(x)\f[]
+Converts \f[B]x\f[] from degrees to radians and returns the result.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]frand(p)\f[]
+Generates a pseudo\-random number between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive) and
+\f[B]1\f[] (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the
+decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of \f[B]p\f[].
+If \f[B]p\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[], then calling this function will change
+the value of \f[B]seed\f[].
+If \f[B]p\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], then \f[B]0\f[] is returned, and
+\f[B]seed\f[] is \f[I]not\f[] changed.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ifrand(i, p)\f[]
+Generates a pseudo\-random number that is between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive)
+and the truncated absolute value of \f[B]i\f[] (exclusive) with the
+number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated
+absolute value of \f[B]p\f[].
+If the absolute value of \f[B]i\f[] is greater than or equal to
+\f[B]2\f[], and \f[B]p\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[], then calling this function
+will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[]; otherwise, \f[B]0\f[] is
+returned and \f[B]seed\f[] is not changed.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]srand(x)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] with its sign flipped with probability \f[B]0.5\f[].
+In other words, it randomizes the sign of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]brand()\f[]
+Returns a random boolean value (either \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[]).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ubytes(x)\f[]
+Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the
+truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]sbytes(x)\f[]
+Returns the numbers of signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer bytes
+required to hold the truncated value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]hex(x)\f[]
+Outputs the hexadecimal (base \f[B]16\f[]) representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]binary(x)\f[]
+Outputs the binary (base \f[B]2\f[]) representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output(x, b)\f[]
+Outputs the base \f[B]b\f[] representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in as few power of two bytes as possible.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or is negative, an error message is
+printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[]
+section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as
+possible.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, an error message is printed instead,
+but bc(1) is not reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uintn(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]n\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]intn(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]n\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint8(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]1\f[] byte.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]1\f[] byte, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int8(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]1\f[] byte.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]1\f[] byte, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint16(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]2\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]2\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int16(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]2\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]2\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint32(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]4\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]4\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int32(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]4\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]4\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint64(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]8\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]8\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int64(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]8\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]8\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]hex_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in hexadecimal using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]binary_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in binary using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in the current \f[B]obase\f[] (see the
+\f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output_byte(x, i)\f[]
+Outputs byte \f[B]i\f[] of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[],
+where \f[B]0\f[] is the least significant byte and \f[B]number_of_bytes
+\- 1\f[] is the most significant byte.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.SS Transcendental Functions
+.PP
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up
+to 1 ULP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place)).
+This is unavoidable, and this
+article (https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT) explains
+why it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the
+transcendental functions.
+.PP
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those
+functions with the precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) set to at least 1 higher
+than is necessary.
+If exact results are \f[I]absolutely\f[] required, users can double the
+precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) and then truncate.
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]s(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]c(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]e(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l2(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l10(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]log(x, b)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]pi(p)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]t(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a2(y, x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]sin(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]cos(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]tan(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]atan(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]atan2(y, x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]r2d(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]d2r(x)\f[]
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all functions returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.PP
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which
+attempts to start executing the statement right after the one that
+caused an error.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most bc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This bc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+The actual values of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] and \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[] can
+be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+bc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[]
+The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the \f[B]rand()\f[] operand.
+Set at \f[B]2^BC_LONG_BIT\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+The actual values can be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]POSIXLY_CORRECT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+the \f[B]\-s\f[] option was given.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to bc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "bc"
+file.bc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), bc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash (\f[B]\\\f[]).
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, using a negative number as a bound for the
+pseudo\-random number generator, attempting to convert a negative number
+to a hardware integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware
+integer, and attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is
+required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]), places (\f[B]\@\f[]), left shift (\f[B]<<\f[]), and
+right shift (\f[B]>>\f[]) operators and their corresponding assignment
+operators.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, using a token
+where it is invalid, giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid
+print statement, giving an invalid function definition, attempting to
+assign to an expression that is not a named expression (see the
+\f[I]Named Expressions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section),
+giving an invalid \f[B]auto\f[] list, having a duplicate
+\f[B]auto\f[]/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code
+block, attempting to return a value from a \f[B]void\f[] function,
+attempting to use a variable as a reference, and using any extensions
+when the option \f[B]\-s\f[] or any equivalents were given.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, passing the wrong number of arguments
+to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and attempting
+to use a \f[B]void\f[] function call as a value in an expression.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (bc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+bc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Per the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the \f[B]COMMAND
+LINE HISTORY\f[] section).
+It is also required to enable special handling for \f[B]SIGINT\f[]
+signals.
+.PP
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If bc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If bc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to bc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause bc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+The one exception is \f[B]SIGHUP\f[]; in that case, when bc(1) is in TTY
+mode, a \f[B]SIGHUP\f[] will cause bc(1) to clean up and exit.
+.SH COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+.PP
+bc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), history is
+enabled.
+Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+dc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+bc(1) is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+The flags \f[B]\-efghiqsvVw\f[], all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+.PP
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts
+numbers that use a period (\f[B].\f[]) as a radix point, regardless of
+the value of \f[B]LC_NUMERIC\f[].
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHORS
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/N.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/NP.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/NP.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/NP.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2085 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "BC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH NAME
+.PP
+bc \- arbitrary\-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]bc\f[] [\f[B]\-ghilPqsvVw\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in
+1991 by POSIX.
+(The current standard is
+here (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).)
+The language provides unlimited precision decimal arithmetic and is
+somewhat C\-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+.PP
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on
+the command line and executes them before reading from \f[B]stdin\f[].
+.PP
+This bc(1) is a drop\-in replacement for \f[I]any\f[] bc(1), including
+(and especially) the GNU bc(1).
+It also has many extensions and extra features beyond other
+implementations.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-g\f[], \f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]
+Turns the globals \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], and
+\f[B]seed\f[] into stacks.
+.RS
+.PP
+This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all four are
+pushed onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when
+every function returns.
+This means that functions can assign to any and all of those globals
+without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+Thus, a hypothetical function named \f[B]output(x,b)\f[] that simply
+printed \f[B]x\f[] in base \f[B]b\f[] could be written like this:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ x
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+instead of like this:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ auto\ c
+\ \ \ \ c=obase
+\ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ obase=c
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+This makes writing functions much easier.
+.PP
+(\f[B]Note\f[]: the function \f[B]output(x,b)\f[] exists in the extended
+math library.
+See the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.)
+.PP
+However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], or \f[B]seed\f[]
+globally, functions that are made to do so cannot work anymore.
+There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a solution.
+.PP
+First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+aliases.
+Examples:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+alias\ d2o="bc\ \-e\ ibase=A\ \-e\ obase=8"
+alias\ h2b="bc\ \-e\ ibase=G\ \-e\ obase=2"
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Second, if the purpose of a function is to set \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], or \f[B]seed\f[] globally for any other
+purpose, it could be split into one to four functions (based on how many
+globals it sets) and each of those functions could return the desired
+value for a global.
+.PP
+For functions that set \f[B]seed\f[], the value assigned to
+\f[B]seed\f[] is not propagated to parent functions.
+This means that the sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that they see
+will not be the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that any parent
+sees.
+This is only the case once \f[B]seed\f[] has been set.
+.PP
+If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo\-random
+numbers of its parents, but wants to use the same \f[B]seed\f[], it can
+use the following line:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+seed\ =\ seed
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then
+users could make sure to define \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] and include this
+option (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section for more
+details).
+.PP
+If \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-w\f[], or any equivalents are used, this option
+is ignored.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-l\f[], \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]
+Sets \f[B]scale\f[] (see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) to \f[B]20\f[] and
+loads the included math library and the extended math library before
+running any code, including any expressions or files specified on the
+command line.
+.RS
+.PP
+To learn what is in the libraries, see the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+This option is a no\-op.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-q\f[], \f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]
+Do not print copyright header.
+bc(1) will also suppress the header in non\-interactive mode.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is mostly for compatibility with the GNU
+bc(1) (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-\-standard\f[]
+Process exactly the language defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+and error if any extensions are used.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-w\f[], \f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+Like \f[B]\-s\f[] and \f[B]\-\-standard\f[], except that warnings (and
+not errors) are printed for non\-standard extensions and execution
+continues normally.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C\-like, with some differences.
+This bc(1) follows the POSIX
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+which is a much more thorough resource for the language this bc(1)
+accepts.
+This section is meant to be a summary and a listing of all the
+extensions to the standard.
+.PP
+In the sections below, \f[B]E\f[] means expression, \f[B]S\f[] means
+statement, and \f[B]I\f[] means identifier.
+.PP
+Identifiers (\f[B]I\f[]) start with a lowercase letter and can be
+followed by any number (up to \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\-1\f[]) of lowercase
+letters (\f[B]a\-z\f[]), digits (\f[B]0\-9\f[]), and underscores
+(\f[B]_\f[]).
+The regex is \f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[].
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a global variable determining how to interpret
+constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+If the \f[B]\-s\f[] (\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]) and \f[B]\-w\f[]
+(\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]) flags were not given on the command line, the max
+allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]36\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in bc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]maxibase()\f[] built\-in function.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a global variable determining how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxobase()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[].
+If \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], values are output in scientific
+notation, and if \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]1\f[], values are output in
+engineering notation.
+Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are
+\f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a global variable that sets the precision of any operations, with
+exceptions.
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] is \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxscale()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+.PP
+bc(1) has both \f[I]global\f[] variables and \f[I]local\f[] variables.
+All \f[I]local\f[] variables are local to the function; they are
+parameters or are introduced in the \f[B]auto\f[] list of a function
+(see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+If a variable is accessed which is not a parameter or in the
+\f[B]auto\f[] list, it is assumed to be \f[I]global\f[].
+If a parent function has a \f[I]local\f[] variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers \f[I]global\f[], the value of that
+\f[I]global\f[] variable in the child function is the value of the
+variable in the parent function, not the value of the actual
+\f[I]global\f[] variable.
+.PP
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+.PP
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence
+operator is an assignment operator \f[I]and\f[] the expression is
+notsurrounded by parentheses.
+.PP
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable
+\f[B]last\f[].
+A single dot (\f[B].\f[]) may also be used as a synonym for
+\f[B]last\f[].
+These are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+There are two kinds of comments:
+.IP "1." 3
+Block comments are enclosed in \f[B]/*\f[] and \f[B]*/\f[].
+.IP "2." 3
+Line comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next
+newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Named Expressions
+.PP
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+.IP "1." 3
+Variables: \f[B]I\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+Array Elements: \f[B]I[E]\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]ibase\f[]
+.IP "4." 3
+\f[B]obase\f[]
+.IP "5." 3
+\f[B]scale\f[]
+.IP "6." 3
+\f[B]seed\f[]
+.IP "7." 3
+\f[B]last\f[] or a single dot (\f[B].\f[])
+.PP
+Numbers 6 and 7 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The meaning of \f[B]seed\f[] is dependent on the current pseudo\-random
+number generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major
+versions.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] and sign of the value may be significant.
+.PP
+If a previously used \f[B]seed\f[] value is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[]
+and used again, the pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers as it did when the
+\f[B]seed\f[] value was previously used.
+.PP
+The exact value assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] is not guaranteed to be
+returned if \f[B]seed\f[] is queried again immediately.
+However, if \f[B]seed\f[] \f[I]does\f[] return a different value, both
+values, when assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], are guaranteed to produce the
+same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers.
+This means that certain values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] will
+\f[I]not\f[] produce unique sequences of pseudo\-random numbers.
+The value of \f[B]seed\f[] will change after any use of the
+\f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] operands (see the
+\f[I]Operands\f[] subsection below), except if the parameter passed to
+\f[B]irand(E)\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], \f[B]1\f[], or negative.
+.PP
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits)
+or \f[I]scale\f[] of the value that can be assigned to \f[B]seed\f[].
+.PP
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the
+same as variables.
+This also applies to functions (see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section), so
+a user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same
+name, and they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions
+or not.
+.PP
+Named expressions are required as the operand of
+\f[B]increment\f[]/\f[B]decrement\f[] operators and as the left side of
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators (see the \f[I]Operators\f[] subsection).
+.SS Operands
+.PP
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+.IP " 1." 4
+Numbers (see the \f[I]Numbers\f[] subsection below).
+.IP " 2." 4
+Array indices (\f[B]I[E]\f[]).
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B](E)\f[]: The value of \f[B]E\f[] (used to change precedence).
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]sqrt(E)\f[]: The square root of \f[B]E\f[].
+\f[B]E\f[] must be non\-negative.
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]length(E)\f[]: The number of significant decimal digits in
+\f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]length(I[])\f[]: The number of elements in the array \f[B]I\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 7." 4
+\f[B]scale(E)\f[]: The \f[I]scale\f[] of \f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]abs(E)\f[]: The absolute value of \f[B]E\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a non\-\f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]read()\f[]: Reads a line from \f[B]stdin\f[] and uses that as an
+expression.
+The result of that expression is the result of the \f[B]read()\f[]
+operand.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]maxibase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]ibase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]maxobase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]obase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "13." 4
+\f[B]maxscale()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]scale\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]rand()\f[]: A pseudo\-random integer between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive)
+and \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[] (inclusive).
+Using this operand will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]irand(E)\f[]: A pseudo\-random integer between \f[B]0\f[]
+(inclusive) and the value of \f[B]E\f[] (exclusive).
+If \f[B]E\f[] is negative or is a non\-integer (\f[B]E\f[]\[aq]s
+\f[I]scale\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[]), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets
+(see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) while \f[B]seed\f[] remains unchanged.
+If \f[B]E\f[] is larger than \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[], the higher bound is
+honored by generating several pseudo\-random integers, multiplying them
+by appropriate powers of \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX+1\f[], and adding them
+together.
+Thus, the size of integer that can be generated with this operand is
+unbounded.
+Using this operand will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[], unless the
+value of \f[B]E\f[] is \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+In that case, \f[B]0\f[] is returned, and \f[B]seed\f[] is \f[I]not\f[]
+changed.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "16." 4
+\f[B]maxrand()\f[]: The max integer returned by \f[B]rand()\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+The integers generated by \f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] are
+guaranteed to be as unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of
+the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: The values returned by the pseudo\-random number
+generator with \f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] are guaranteed to
+\f[I]NOT\f[] be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo\-random number generator.
+However, they \f[I]are\f[] guaranteed to be reproducible with identical
+\f[B]seed\f[] values.
+.SS Numbers
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most
+\f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]Z\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]35\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, bc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation.
+These have the form \f[B]<number>e<integer>\f[].
+The power (the portion after the \f[B]e\f[]) must be an integer.
+An example is \f[B]1.89237e9\f[], which is equal to \f[B]1892370000\f[].
+Negative exponents are also allowed, so \f[B]4.2890e\-3\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0.0042890\f[].
+.PP
+Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the \f[B]\-s\f[] or
+\f[B]\-w\f[], respectively, command\-line options (or equivalents) are
+given.
+.PP
+\f[B]WARNING\f[]: Both the number and the exponent in scientific
+notation are interpreted according to the current \f[B]ibase\f[], but
+the number is still multiplied by \f[B]10^exponent\f[] regardless of the
+current \f[B]ibase\f[].
+For example, if \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[] and bc(1) is given the
+number string \f[B]FFeA\f[], the resulting decimal number will be
+\f[B]2550000000000\f[], and if bc(1) is given the number string
+\f[B]10e\-4\f[], the resulting decimal number will be \f[B]0.0016\f[].
+.PP
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a \f[B]non\-portable
+extension\f[].
+.SS Operators
+.PP
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used.
+They are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+Operators in the same group have the same precedence.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+Type: Prefix and Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]increment\f[], \f[B]decrement\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[] \f[B]!\f[]
+Type: Prefix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]negation\f[], \f[B]boolean not\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+Type: Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]truncation\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]set precision\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]power\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[] \f[B]/\f[] \f[B]%\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]multiply\f[], \f[B]divide\f[], \f[B]modulus\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[] \f[B]\-\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]add\f[], \f[B]subtract\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<<\f[] \f[B]>>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]shift left\f[], \f[B]shift right\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]<<=\f[] \f[B]>>=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[] \f[B]\@=\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]assignment\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]relational\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean and\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean or\f[]
+.RE
+.PP
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+The prefix and postfix \f[B]increment\f[] and \f[B]decrement\f[]
+operators behave exactly like they would in C.
+They require a named expression (see the \f[I]Named Expressions\f[]
+subsection) as an operand.
+.RS
+.PP
+The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them
+where possible.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]negation\f[] operator returns \f[B]0\f[] if a user attempts to
+negate any expression with the value \f[B]0\f[].
+Otherwise, a copy of the expression with its sign flipped is returned.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean not\f[] operator returns \f[B]1\f[] if the expression
+is \f[B]0\f[], or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+The \f[B]truncation\f[] operator returns a copy of the given expression
+with all of its \f[I]scale\f[] removed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+The \f[B]set precision\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns a
+copy of the first with its \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the value of the
+second expression.
+That could either mean that the number is returned without change (if
+the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression matches the value of the
+second expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is
+more).
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The \f[B]power\f[] operator (not the \f[B]exclusive or\f[] operator, as
+it would be in C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the
+power of the value of the second.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]), and if it
+is negative, the first value must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The \f[B]multiply\f[] operator takes two expressions, multiplies them,
+and returns the product.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The \f[B]divide\f[] operator takes two expressions, divides them, and
+returns the quotient.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result shall be the value of \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The \f[B]modulus\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and evaluates them by 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[] and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The \f[B]add\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the sum, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the max
+of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]subtract\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the difference, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to
+the max of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<<\f[]
+The \f[B]left shift\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns a copy of the value of \f[B]a\f[] with its
+decimal point moved \f[B]b\f[] places to the right.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>>\f[]
+The \f[B]right shift\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns a copy of the value of \f[B]a\f[] with its
+decimal point moved \f[B]b\f[] places to the left.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]<<=\f[] \f[B]>>=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[] \f[B]\@=\f[]
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators take two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[] where \f[B]a\f[] is a named expression (see the \f[I]Named
+Expressions\f[] subsection).
+.RS
+.PP
+For \f[B]=\f[], \f[B]b\f[] is copied and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+For all others, \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[] are applied as operands to the
+corresponding arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators that correspond to operators that are
+extensions are themselves \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+The \f[B]relational\f[] operators compare two expressions, \f[B]a\f[]
+and \f[B]b\f[], and if the relation holds, according to C language
+semantics, the result is \f[B]1\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators, which means that \f[B]a=b>c\f[] is
+interpreted as \f[B](a=b)>c\f[].
+.PP
+Also, unlike the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+requires, these operators can appear anywhere any other expressions can
+be used.
+This allowance is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean and\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if both expressions are non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean or\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if one of the expressions is non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Statements
+.PP
+The following items are statements:
+.IP " 1." 4
+\f[B]E\f[]
+.IP " 2." 4
+\f[B]{\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B];\f[] ...
+\f[B];\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]}\f[]
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]else\f[]
+\f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]while\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]for\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[]
+\f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 7." 4
+An empty statement
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]break\f[]
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]continue\f[]
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]quit\f[]
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]halt\f[]
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]limits\f[]
+.IP "13." 4
+A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]print\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B],\f[] ...
+\f[B],\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.PP
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Also, as a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], any or all of the
+expressions in the header of a for loop may be omitted.
+If the condition (second expression) is omitted, it is assumed to be a
+constant \f[B]1\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]break\f[] statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume
+execution immediately following a loop.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]continue\f[] statement causes a loop iteration to stop early
+and returns to the start of the loop, including testing the loop
+condition.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]if\f[] \f[B]else\f[] statement does the same thing as in C.
+.PP
+The \f[B]quit\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a
+branch that will not be executed (it is a compile\-time command).
+.PP
+The \f[B]halt\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed.
+(Unlike \f[B]quit\f[] if it is on a branch of an \f[B]if\f[] statement
+that is not executed, bc(1) does not quit.)
+.PP
+The \f[B]limits\f[] statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is
+subject to.
+This is like the \f[B]quit\f[] statement in that it is a compile\-time
+command.
+.PP
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+.PP
+Both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for
+printing the results of expressions.
+Scientific notation is activated by assigning \f[B]0\f[] to
+\f[B]obase\f[], and engineering notation is activated by assigning
+\f[B]1\f[] to \f[B]obase\f[].
+To deactivate them, just assign a different value to \f[B]obase\f[].
+.PP
+Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is
+run with either the \f[B]\-s\f[] or \f[B]\-w\f[] command\-line options
+(or equivalents).
+.PP
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Print Statement
+.PP
+The "expressions" in a \f[B]print\f[] statement may also be strings.
+If they are, there are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted
+specially.
+What those sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown
+below:
+.PP
+.TS
+tab(@);
+l l.
+T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\\\\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\e\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\q\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]"\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}
+.TE
+.PP
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and
+character to be printed as\-is.
+.PP
+Any non\-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to
+\f[B]last\f[], like any other expression that is printed.
+.SS Order of Evaluation
+.PP
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as
+necessary to maintain order of operations.
+This means, for example, assuming that \f[B]i\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0\f[], in the expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+a[i++]\ =\ i++
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first (or 0th) element of \f[B]a\f[] is set to \f[B]1\f[], and
+\f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] at the end of the expression.
+.PP
+This includes function arguments.
+Thus, assuming \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], this means that in the
+expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+x(i++,\ i++)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first argument passed to \f[B]x()\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], and the second
+argument is \f[B]1\f[], while \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] before
+the function starts executing.
+.SH FUNCTIONS
+.PP
+Function definitions are as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return(E)
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list or \f[B]auto\f[] list may be
+replaced with \f[B]I[]\f[] to make a parameter or \f[B]auto\f[] var an
+array, and any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list may be replaced with
+\f[B]*I[]\f[] to make a parameter an array reference.
+Callers of functions that take array references should not put an
+asterisk in the call; they must be called with just \f[B]I[]\f[] like
+normal array parameters and will be automatically converted into
+references.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the opening brace of a
+\f[B]define\f[] statement may appear on the next line.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the return statement may also be
+in one of the following forms:
+.IP "1." 3
+\f[B]return\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B])\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.PP
+The first two, or not specifying a \f[B]return\f[] statement, is
+equivalent to \f[B]return (0)\f[], unless the function is a
+\f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection
+below).
+.SS Void Functions
+.PP
+Functions can also be \f[B]void\f[] functions, defined as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an
+expression would be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+.PP
+Void functions can only use the first two \f[B]return\f[] statements
+listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+.PP
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to
+have variables, arrays, and functions named \f[B]void\f[].
+The word "void" is only treated specially right after the
+\f[B]define\f[] keyword.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Array References
+.PP
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the
+form
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+*I[]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+it is a \f[B]reference\f[].
+Any changes to the array in the function are reflected, when the
+function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+.PP
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH LIBRARY
+.PP
+All of the functions below, including the functions in the extended math
+library (see the \f[I]Extended Library\f[] subsection below), are
+available when the \f[B]\-l\f[] or \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[] command\-line
+flags are given, except that the extended math library is not available
+when the \f[B]\-s\f[] option, the \f[B]\-w\f[] option, or equivalents
+are given.
+.SS Standard Library
+.PP
+The
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+defines the following functions for the math library:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l(x)\f[]
+Returns the natural logarithm of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]e(x)\f[]
+Returns the mathematical constant \f[B]e\f[] raised to the power of
+\f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+Returns the bessel integer order \f[B]n\f[] (truncated) of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.SS Extended Library
+.PP
+The extended library is \f[I]not\f[] loaded when the
+\f[B]\-s\f[]/\f[B]\-\-standard\f[] or \f[B]\-w\f[]/\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+options are given since they are not part of the library defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).
+.PP
+The extended library is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p(x, y)\f[]
+Calculates \f[B]x\f[] to the power of \f[B]y\f[], even if \f[B]y\f[] is
+not an integer, and returns the result to the current \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r(x, p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] rounded to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places according to the
+rounding mode round half away from
+\f[B]0\f[] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ceil(x, p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] rounded to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places according to the
+rounding mode round away from
+\f[B]0\f[] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f(x)\f[]
+Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]perm(n, k)\f[]
+Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]n\f[] of
+the truncated absolute value of \f[B]k\f[], if \f[B]k <= n\f[].
+If not, it returns \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]comb(n, k)\f[]
+Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]n\f[] of
+the truncated absolute value of \f[B]k\f[], if \f[B]k <= n\f[].
+If not, it returns \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l2(x)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]2\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l10(x)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]10\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]log(x, b)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]b\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]cbrt(x)\f[]
+Returns the cube root of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]root(x, n)\f[]
+Calculates the truncated value of \f[B]n\f[], \f[B]r\f[], and returns
+the \f[B]r\f[]th root of \f[B]x\f[] to the current \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]r\f[] is \f[B]0\f[] or negative, this raises an error and causes
+bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+It also raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset if \f[B]r\f[] is even
+and \f[B]x\f[] is negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]pi(p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]pi\f[] to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]t(x)\f[]
+Returns the tangent of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a2(y, x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]y/x\f[], in radians.
+If both \f[B]y\f[] and \f[B]x\f[] are equal to \f[B]0\f[], it raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, if \f[B]x\f[] is greater than \f[B]0\f[], it returns
+\f[B]a(y/x)\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than or
+equal to \f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)+pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)\-pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]pi/2\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]\-pi/2\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This function is the same as the \f[B]atan2()\f[] function in many
+programming languages.
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]sin(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]s(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]cos(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]c(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]tan(x)\f[]
+Returns the tangent of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]1\f[] or \f[B]\-1\f[], this raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]t(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]atan(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]a(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]atan2(y, x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]y/x\f[], in radians.
+If both \f[B]y\f[] and \f[B]x\f[] are equal to \f[B]0\f[], it raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, if \f[B]x\f[] is greater than \f[B]0\f[], it returns
+\f[B]a(y/x)\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than or
+equal to \f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)+pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)\-pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]pi/2\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]\-pi/2\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This function is the same as the \f[B]atan2()\f[] function in many
+programming languages.
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]a2(y, x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r2d(x)\f[]
+Converts \f[B]x\f[] from radians to degrees and returns the result.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d2r(x)\f[]
+Converts \f[B]x\f[] from degrees to radians and returns the result.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]frand(p)\f[]
+Generates a pseudo\-random number between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive) and
+\f[B]1\f[] (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the
+decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of \f[B]p\f[].
+If \f[B]p\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[], then calling this function will change
+the value of \f[B]seed\f[].
+If \f[B]p\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], then \f[B]0\f[] is returned, and
+\f[B]seed\f[] is \f[I]not\f[] changed.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ifrand(i, p)\f[]
+Generates a pseudo\-random number that is between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive)
+and the truncated absolute value of \f[B]i\f[] (exclusive) with the
+number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated
+absolute value of \f[B]p\f[].
+If the absolute value of \f[B]i\f[] is greater than or equal to
+\f[B]2\f[], and \f[B]p\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[], then calling this function
+will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[]; otherwise, \f[B]0\f[] is
+returned and \f[B]seed\f[] is not changed.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]srand(x)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] with its sign flipped with probability \f[B]0.5\f[].
+In other words, it randomizes the sign of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]brand()\f[]
+Returns a random boolean value (either \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[]).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ubytes(x)\f[]
+Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the
+truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]sbytes(x)\f[]
+Returns the numbers of signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer bytes
+required to hold the truncated value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]hex(x)\f[]
+Outputs the hexadecimal (base \f[B]16\f[]) representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]binary(x)\f[]
+Outputs the binary (base \f[B]2\f[]) representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output(x, b)\f[]
+Outputs the base \f[B]b\f[] representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in as few power of two bytes as possible.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or is negative, an error message is
+printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[]
+section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as
+possible.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, an error message is printed instead,
+but bc(1) is not reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uintn(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]n\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]intn(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]n\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint8(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]1\f[] byte.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]1\f[] byte, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int8(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]1\f[] byte.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]1\f[] byte, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint16(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]2\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]2\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int16(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]2\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]2\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint32(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]4\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]4\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int32(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]4\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]4\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint64(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]8\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]8\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int64(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]8\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]8\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]hex_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in hexadecimal using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]binary_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in binary using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in the current \f[B]obase\f[] (see the
+\f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output_byte(x, i)\f[]
+Outputs byte \f[B]i\f[] of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[],
+where \f[B]0\f[] is the least significant byte and \f[B]number_of_bytes
+\- 1\f[] is the most significant byte.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.SS Transcendental Functions
+.PP
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up
+to 1 ULP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place)).
+This is unavoidable, and this
+article (https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT) explains
+why it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the
+transcendental functions.
+.PP
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those
+functions with the precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) set to at least 1 higher
+than is necessary.
+If exact results are \f[I]absolutely\f[] required, users can double the
+precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) and then truncate.
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]s(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]c(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]e(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l2(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l10(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]log(x, b)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]pi(p)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]t(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a2(y, x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]sin(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]cos(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]tan(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]atan(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]atan2(y, x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]r2d(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]d2r(x)\f[]
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all functions returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.PP
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which
+attempts to start executing the statement right after the one that
+caused an error.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most bc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This bc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+The actual values of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] and \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[] can
+be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+bc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[]
+The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the \f[B]rand()\f[] operand.
+Set at \f[B]2^BC_LONG_BIT\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+The actual values can be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]POSIXLY_CORRECT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+the \f[B]\-s\f[] option was given.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to bc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "bc"
+file.bc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), bc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash (\f[B]\\\f[]).
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, using a negative number as a bound for the
+pseudo\-random number generator, attempting to convert a negative number
+to a hardware integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware
+integer, and attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is
+required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]), places (\f[B]\@\f[]), left shift (\f[B]<<\f[]), and
+right shift (\f[B]>>\f[]) operators and their corresponding assignment
+operators.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, using a token
+where it is invalid, giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid
+print statement, giving an invalid function definition, attempting to
+assign to an expression that is not a named expression (see the
+\f[I]Named Expressions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section),
+giving an invalid \f[B]auto\f[] list, having a duplicate
+\f[B]auto\f[]/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code
+block, attempting to return a value from a \f[B]void\f[] function,
+attempting to use a variable as a reference, and using any extensions
+when the option \f[B]\-s\f[] or any equivalents were given.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, passing the wrong number of arguments
+to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and attempting
+to use a \f[B]void\f[] function call as a value in an expression.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (bc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+bc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Per the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the \f[B]COMMAND
+LINE HISTORY\f[] section).
+It is also required to enable special handling for \f[B]SIGINT\f[]
+signals.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If bc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If bc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to bc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause bc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+The one exception is \f[B]SIGHUP\f[]; in that case, when bc(1) is in TTY
+mode, a \f[B]SIGHUP\f[] will cause bc(1) to clean up and exit.
+.SH COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+.PP
+bc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), history is
+enabled.
+Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+dc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+bc(1) is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+The flags \f[B]\-efghiqsvVw\f[], all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+.PP
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts
+numbers that use a period (\f[B].\f[]) as a radix point, regardless of
+the value of \f[B]LC_NUMERIC\f[].
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHORS
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/NP.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/P.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/P.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/P.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2092 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "BC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH NAME
+.PP
+bc \- arbitrary\-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]bc\f[] [\f[B]\-ghilPqsvVw\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in
+1991 by POSIX.
+(The current standard is
+here (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).)
+The language provides unlimited precision decimal arithmetic and is
+somewhat C\-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+.PP
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on
+the command line and executes them before reading from \f[B]stdin\f[].
+.PP
+This bc(1) is a drop\-in replacement for \f[I]any\f[] bc(1), including
+(and especially) the GNU bc(1).
+It also has many extensions and extra features beyond other
+implementations.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-g\f[], \f[B]\-\-global\-stacks\f[]
+Turns the globals \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], and
+\f[B]seed\f[] into stacks.
+.RS
+.PP
+This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all four are
+pushed onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when
+every function returns.
+This means that functions can assign to any and all of those globals
+without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+Thus, a hypothetical function named \f[B]output(x,b)\f[] that simply
+printed \f[B]x\f[] in base \f[B]b\f[] could be written like this:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ x
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+instead of like this:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ output(x,\ b)\ {
+\ \ \ \ auto\ c
+\ \ \ \ c=obase
+\ \ \ \ obase=b
+\ \ \ \ x
+\ \ \ \ obase=c
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+This makes writing functions much easier.
+.PP
+(\f[B]Note\f[]: the function \f[B]output(x,b)\f[] exists in the extended
+math library.
+See the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.)
+.PP
+However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], or \f[B]seed\f[]
+globally, functions that are made to do so cannot work anymore.
+There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a solution.
+.PP
+First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+aliases.
+Examples:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+alias\ d2o="bc\ \-e\ ibase=A\ \-e\ obase=8"
+alias\ h2b="bc\ \-e\ ibase=G\ \-e\ obase=2"
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Second, if the purpose of a function is to set \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], \f[B]scale\f[], or \f[B]seed\f[] globally for any other
+purpose, it could be split into one to four functions (based on how many
+globals it sets) and each of those functions could return the desired
+value for a global.
+.PP
+For functions that set \f[B]seed\f[], the value assigned to
+\f[B]seed\f[] is not propagated to parent functions.
+This means that the sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that they see
+will not be the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers that any parent
+sees.
+This is only the case once \f[B]seed\f[] has been set.
+.PP
+If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo\-random
+numbers of its parents, but wants to use the same \f[B]seed\f[], it can
+use the following line:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+seed\ =\ seed
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then
+users could make sure to define \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] and include this
+option (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section for more
+details).
+.PP
+If \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-w\f[], or any equivalents are used, this option
+is ignored.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-l\f[], \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[]
+Sets \f[B]scale\f[] (see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) to \f[B]20\f[] and
+loads the included math library and the extended math library before
+running any code, including any expressions or files specified on the
+command line.
+.RS
+.PP
+To learn what is in the libraries, see the \f[B]LIBRARY\f[] section.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+This option is a no\-op.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-q\f[], \f[B]\-\-quiet\f[]
+Do not print copyright header.
+bc(1) will also suppress the header in non\-interactive mode.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is mostly for compatibility with the GNU
+bc(1) (https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-s\f[], \f[B]\-\-standard\f[]
+Process exactly the language defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+and error if any extensions are used.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-w\f[], \f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+Like \f[B]\-s\f[] and \f[B]\-\-standard\f[], except that warnings (and
+not errors) are printed for non\-standard extensions and execution
+continues normally.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This bc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]bc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C\-like, with some differences.
+This bc(1) follows the POSIX
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+which is a much more thorough resource for the language this bc(1)
+accepts.
+This section is meant to be a summary and a listing of all the
+extensions to the standard.
+.PP
+In the sections below, \f[B]E\f[] means expression, \f[B]S\f[] means
+statement, and \f[B]I\f[] means identifier.
+.PP
+Identifiers (\f[B]I\f[]) start with a lowercase letter and can be
+followed by any number (up to \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\-1\f[]) of lowercase
+letters (\f[B]a\-z\f[]), digits (\f[B]0\-9\f[]), and underscores
+(\f[B]_\f[]).
+The regex is \f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[].
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a global variable determining how to interpret
+constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+If the \f[B]\-s\f[] (\f[B]\-\-standard\f[]) and \f[B]\-w\f[]
+(\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]) flags were not given on the command line, the max
+allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]36\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in bc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]maxibase()\f[] built\-in function.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a global variable determining how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxobase()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[].
+If \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], values are output in scientific
+notation, and if \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]1\f[], values are output in
+engineering notation.
+Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are
+\f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a global variable that sets the precision of any operations, with
+exceptions.
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] is \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the \f[B]maxscale()\f[] built\-in
+function.
+.PP
+bc(1) has both \f[I]global\f[] variables and \f[I]local\f[] variables.
+All \f[I]local\f[] variables are local to the function; they are
+parameters or are introduced in the \f[B]auto\f[] list of a function
+(see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+If a variable is accessed which is not a parameter or in the
+\f[B]auto\f[] list, it is assumed to be \f[I]global\f[].
+If a parent function has a \f[I]local\f[] variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers \f[I]global\f[], the value of that
+\f[I]global\f[] variable in the child function is the value of the
+variable in the parent function, not the value of the actual
+\f[I]global\f[] variable.
+.PP
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+.PP
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence
+operator is an assignment operator \f[I]and\f[] the expression is
+notsurrounded by parentheses.
+.PP
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable
+\f[B]last\f[].
+A single dot (\f[B].\f[]) may also be used as a synonym for
+\f[B]last\f[].
+These are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+There are two kinds of comments:
+.IP "1." 3
+Block comments are enclosed in \f[B]/*\f[] and \f[B]*/\f[].
+.IP "2." 3
+Line comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next
+newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Named Expressions
+.PP
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+.IP "1." 3
+Variables: \f[B]I\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+Array Elements: \f[B]I[E]\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]ibase\f[]
+.IP "4." 3
+\f[B]obase\f[]
+.IP "5." 3
+\f[B]scale\f[]
+.IP "6." 3
+\f[B]seed\f[]
+.IP "7." 3
+\f[B]last\f[] or a single dot (\f[B].\f[])
+.PP
+Numbers 6 and 7 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The meaning of \f[B]seed\f[] is dependent on the current pseudo\-random
+number generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major
+versions.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] and sign of the value may be significant.
+.PP
+If a previously used \f[B]seed\f[] value is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[]
+and used again, the pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers as it did when the
+\f[B]seed\f[] value was previously used.
+.PP
+The exact value assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] is not guaranteed to be
+returned if \f[B]seed\f[] is queried again immediately.
+However, if \f[B]seed\f[] \f[I]does\f[] return a different value, both
+values, when assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], are guaranteed to produce the
+same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers.
+This means that certain values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] will
+\f[I]not\f[] produce unique sequences of pseudo\-random numbers.
+The value of \f[B]seed\f[] will change after any use of the
+\f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] operands (see the
+\f[I]Operands\f[] subsection below), except if the parameter passed to
+\f[B]irand(E)\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], \f[B]1\f[], or negative.
+.PP
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits)
+or \f[I]scale\f[] of the value that can be assigned to \f[B]seed\f[].
+.PP
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the
+same as variables.
+This also applies to functions (see the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section), so
+a user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same
+name, and they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions
+or not.
+.PP
+Named expressions are required as the operand of
+\f[B]increment\f[]/\f[B]decrement\f[] operators and as the left side of
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators (see the \f[I]Operators\f[] subsection).
+.SS Operands
+.PP
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+.IP " 1." 4
+Numbers (see the \f[I]Numbers\f[] subsection below).
+.IP " 2." 4
+Array indices (\f[B]I[E]\f[]).
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B](E)\f[]: The value of \f[B]E\f[] (used to change precedence).
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]sqrt(E)\f[]: The square root of \f[B]E\f[].
+\f[B]E\f[] must be non\-negative.
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]length(E)\f[]: The number of significant decimal digits in
+\f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]length(I[])\f[]: The number of elements in the array \f[B]I\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 7." 4
+\f[B]scale(E)\f[]: The \f[I]scale\f[] of \f[B]E\f[].
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]abs(E)\f[]: The absolute value of \f[B]E\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a non\-\f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]read()\f[]: Reads a line from \f[B]stdin\f[] and uses that as an
+expression.
+The result of that expression is the result of the \f[B]read()\f[]
+operand.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]maxibase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]ibase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]maxobase()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]obase\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "13." 4
+\f[B]maxscale()\f[]: The max allowable \f[B]scale\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]rand()\f[]: A pseudo\-random integer between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive)
+and \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[] (inclusive).
+Using this operand will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]irand(E)\f[]: A pseudo\-random integer between \f[B]0\f[]
+(inclusive) and the value of \f[B]E\f[] (exclusive).
+If \f[B]E\f[] is negative or is a non\-integer (\f[B]E\f[]\[aq]s
+\f[I]scale\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[]), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets
+(see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) while \f[B]seed\f[] remains unchanged.
+If \f[B]E\f[] is larger than \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[], the higher bound is
+honored by generating several pseudo\-random integers, multiplying them
+by appropriate powers of \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX+1\f[], and adding them
+together.
+Thus, the size of integer that can be generated with this operand is
+unbounded.
+Using this operand will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[], unless the
+value of \f[B]E\f[] is \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+In that case, \f[B]0\f[] is returned, and \f[B]seed\f[] is \f[I]not\f[]
+changed.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.IP "16." 4
+\f[B]maxrand()\f[]: The max integer returned by \f[B]rand()\f[].
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.PP
+The integers generated by \f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] are
+guaranteed to be as unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of
+the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: The values returned by the pseudo\-random number
+generator with \f[B]rand()\f[] and \f[B]irand(E)\f[] are guaranteed to
+\f[I]NOT\f[] be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo\-random number generator.
+However, they \f[I]are\f[] guaranteed to be reproducible with identical
+\f[B]seed\f[] values.
+.SS Numbers
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most
+\f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]Z\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]35\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, bc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation.
+These have the form \f[B]<number>e<integer>\f[].
+The power (the portion after the \f[B]e\f[]) must be an integer.
+An example is \f[B]1.89237e9\f[], which is equal to \f[B]1892370000\f[].
+Negative exponents are also allowed, so \f[B]4.2890e\-3\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0.0042890\f[].
+.PP
+Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the \f[B]\-s\f[] or
+\f[B]\-w\f[], respectively, command\-line options (or equivalents) are
+given.
+.PP
+\f[B]WARNING\f[]: Both the number and the exponent in scientific
+notation are interpreted according to the current \f[B]ibase\f[], but
+the number is still multiplied by \f[B]10^exponent\f[] regardless of the
+current \f[B]ibase\f[].
+For example, if \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[] and bc(1) is given the
+number string \f[B]FFeA\f[], the resulting decimal number will be
+\f[B]2550000000000\f[], and if bc(1) is given the number string
+\f[B]10e\-4\f[], the resulting decimal number will be \f[B]0.0016\f[].
+.PP
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a \f[B]non\-portable
+extension\f[].
+.SS Operators
+.PP
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used.
+They are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+Operators in the same group have the same precedence.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+Type: Prefix and Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]increment\f[], \f[B]decrement\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[] \f[B]!\f[]
+Type: Prefix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]negation\f[], \f[B]boolean not\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+Type: Postfix
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: None
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]truncation\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]set precision\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]power\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[] \f[B]/\f[] \f[B]%\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]multiply\f[], \f[B]divide\f[], \f[B]modulus\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[] \f[B]\-\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]add\f[], \f[B]subtract\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<<\f[] \f[B]>>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]shift left\f[], \f[B]shift right\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]<<=\f[] \f[B]>>=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[] \f[B]\@=\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Right
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]assignment\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]relational\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean and\f[]
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+Type: Binary
+.RS
+.PP
+Associativity: Left
+.PP
+Description: \f[B]boolean or\f[]
+.RE
+.PP
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]++\f[] \f[B]\-\-\f[]
+The prefix and postfix \f[B]increment\f[] and \f[B]decrement\f[]
+operators behave exactly like they would in C.
+They require a named expression (see the \f[I]Named Expressions\f[]
+subsection) as an operand.
+.RS
+.PP
+The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them
+where possible.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]negation\f[] operator returns \f[B]0\f[] if a user attempts to
+negate any expression with the value \f[B]0\f[].
+Otherwise, a copy of the expression with its sign flipped is returned.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean not\f[] operator returns \f[B]1\f[] if the expression
+is \f[B]0\f[], or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+The \f[B]truncation\f[] operator returns a copy of the given expression
+with all of its \f[I]scale\f[] removed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+The \f[B]set precision\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns a
+copy of the first with its \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the value of the
+second expression.
+That could either mean that the number is returned without change (if
+the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression matches the value of the
+second expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is
+more).
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The \f[B]power\f[] operator (not the \f[B]exclusive or\f[] operator, as
+it would be in C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the
+power of the value of the second.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]), and if it
+is negative, the first value must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The \f[B]multiply\f[] operator takes two expressions, multiplies them,
+and returns the product.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The \f[B]divide\f[] operator takes two expressions, divides them, and
+returns the quotient.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result shall be the value of \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The \f[B]modulus\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and evaluates them by 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[] and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The \f[B]add\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the sum, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to the max
+of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The \f[B]subtract\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns the difference, with a \f[I]scale\f[] equal to
+the max of the \f[I]scale\f[]s of \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<<\f[]
+The \f[B]left shift\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns a copy of the value of \f[B]a\f[] with its
+decimal point moved \f[B]b\f[] places to the right.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>>\f[]
+The \f[B]right shift\f[] operator takes two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[], and returns a copy of the value of \f[B]a\f[] with its
+decimal point moved \f[B]b\f[] places to the left.
+.RS
+.PP
+The second expression must be an integer (no \f[I]scale\f[]) and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[] \f[B]<<=\f[] \f[B]>>=\f[] \f[B]+=\f[] \f[B]\-=\f[] \f[B]*=\f[] \f[B]/=\f[] \f[B]%=\f[] \f[B]^=\f[] \f[B]\@=\f[]
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators take two expressions, \f[B]a\f[] and
+\f[B]b\f[] where \f[B]a\f[] is a named expression (see the \f[I]Named
+Expressions\f[] subsection).
+.RS
+.PP
+For \f[B]=\f[], \f[B]b\f[] is copied and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+For all others, \f[B]a\f[] and \f[B]b\f[] are applied as operands to the
+corresponding arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to
+\f[B]a\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]assignment\f[] operators that correspond to operators that are
+extensions are themselves \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]==\f[] \f[B]<=\f[] \f[B]>=\f[] \f[B]!=\f[] \f[B]<\f[] \f[B]>\f[]
+The \f[B]relational\f[] operators compare two expressions, \f[B]a\f[]
+and \f[B]b\f[], and if the relation holds, according to C language
+semantics, the result is \f[B]1\f[].
+Otherwise, it is \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+\f[B]assignment\f[] operators, which means that \f[B]a=b>c\f[] is
+interpreted as \f[B](a=b)>c\f[].
+.PP
+Also, unlike the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+requires, these operators can appear anywhere any other expressions can
+be used.
+This allowance is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]&&\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean and\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if both expressions are non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]||\f[]
+The \f[B]boolean or\f[] operator takes two expressions and returns
+\f[B]1\f[] if one of the expressions is non\-zero, \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is \f[I]not\f[] a short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Statements
+.PP
+The following items are statements:
+.IP " 1." 4
+\f[B]E\f[]
+.IP " 2." 4
+\f[B]{\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B];\f[] ...
+\f[B];\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]}\f[]
+.IP " 3." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 4." 4
+\f[B]if\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[] \f[B]else\f[]
+\f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 5." 4
+\f[B]while\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 6." 4
+\f[B]for\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B];\f[]
+\f[B]E\f[] \f[B])\f[] \f[B]S\f[]
+.IP " 7." 4
+An empty statement
+.IP " 8." 4
+\f[B]break\f[]
+.IP " 9." 4
+\f[B]continue\f[]
+.IP "10." 4
+\f[B]quit\f[]
+.IP "11." 4
+\f[B]halt\f[]
+.IP "12." 4
+\f[B]limits\f[]
+.IP "13." 4
+A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+.IP "14." 4
+\f[B]print\f[] \f[B]E\f[] \f[B],\f[] ...
+\f[B],\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.IP "15." 4
+\f[B]I()\f[], \f[B]I(E)\f[], \f[B]I(E, E)\f[], and so on, where
+\f[B]I\f[] is an identifier for a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the
+\f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+The \f[B]E\f[] argument(s) may also be arrays of the form \f[B]I[]\f[],
+which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+\f[I]Array References\f[] subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section)
+if the corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array
+reference.
+.PP
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+Also, as a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], any or all of the
+expressions in the header of a for loop may be omitted.
+If the condition (second expression) is omitted, it is assumed to be a
+constant \f[B]1\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[B]break\f[] statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume
+execution immediately following a loop.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]continue\f[] statement causes a loop iteration to stop early
+and returns to the start of the loop, including testing the loop
+condition.
+This is only allowed in loops.
+.PP
+The \f[B]if\f[] \f[B]else\f[] statement does the same thing as in C.
+.PP
+The \f[B]quit\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a
+branch that will not be executed (it is a compile\-time command).
+.PP
+The \f[B]halt\f[] statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed.
+(Unlike \f[B]quit\f[] if it is on a branch of an \f[B]if\f[] statement
+that is not executed, bc(1) does not quit.)
+.PP
+The \f[B]limits\f[] statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is
+subject to.
+This is like the \f[B]quit\f[] statement in that it is a compile\-time
+command.
+.PP
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+.PP
+Both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for
+printing the results of expressions.
+Scientific notation is activated by assigning \f[B]0\f[] to
+\f[B]obase\f[], and engineering notation is activated by assigning
+\f[B]1\f[] to \f[B]obase\f[].
+To deactivate them, just assign a different value to \f[B]obase\f[].
+.PP
+Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is
+run with either the \f[B]\-s\f[] or \f[B]\-w\f[] command\-line options
+(or equivalents).
+.PP
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Print Statement
+.PP
+The "expressions" in a \f[B]print\f[] statement may also be strings.
+If they are, there are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted
+specially.
+What those sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown
+below:
+.PP
+.TS
+tab(@);
+l l.
+T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\a\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\b\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\\\\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\e\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\f\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\n\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\q\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]"\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\r\f[]
+T}
+T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}@T{
+\f[B]\\t\f[]
+T}
+.TE
+.PP
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and
+character to be printed as\-is.
+.PP
+Any non\-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to
+\f[B]last\f[], like any other expression that is printed.
+.SS Order of Evaluation
+.PP
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as
+necessary to maintain order of operations.
+This means, for example, assuming that \f[B]i\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0\f[], in the expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+a[i++]\ =\ i++
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first (or 0th) element of \f[B]a\f[] is set to \f[B]1\f[], and
+\f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] at the end of the expression.
+.PP
+This includes function arguments.
+Thus, assuming \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], this means that in the
+expression
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+x(i++,\ i++)
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+the first argument passed to \f[B]x()\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], and the second
+argument is \f[B]1\f[], while \f[B]i\f[] is equal to \f[B]2\f[] before
+the function starts executing.
+.SH FUNCTIONS
+.PP
+Function definitions are as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return(E)
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+Any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list or \f[B]auto\f[] list may be
+replaced with \f[B]I[]\f[] to make a parameter or \f[B]auto\f[] var an
+array, and any \f[B]I\f[] in the parameter list may be replaced with
+\f[B]*I[]\f[] to make a parameter an array reference.
+Callers of functions that take array references should not put an
+asterisk in the call; they must be called with just \f[B]I[]\f[] like
+normal array parameters and will be automatically converted into
+references.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the opening brace of a
+\f[B]define\f[] statement may appear on the next line.
+.PP
+As a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[], the return statement may also be
+in one of the following forms:
+.IP "1." 3
+\f[B]return\f[]
+.IP "2." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B](\f[] \f[B])\f[]
+.IP "3." 3
+\f[B]return\f[] \f[B]E\f[]
+.PP
+The first two, or not specifying a \f[B]return\f[] statement, is
+equivalent to \f[B]return (0)\f[], unless the function is a
+\f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[] subsection
+below).
+.SS Void Functions
+.PP
+Functions can also be \f[B]void\f[] functions, defined as follows:
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+define\ void\ I(I,...,I){
+\ \ \ \ auto\ I,...,I
+\ \ \ \ S;...;S
+\ \ \ \ return
+}
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an
+expression would be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+.PP
+Void functions can only use the first two \f[B]return\f[] statements
+listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+.PP
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to
+have variables, arrays, and functions named \f[B]void\f[].
+The word "void" is only treated specially right after the
+\f[B]define\f[] keyword.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SS Array References
+.PP
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the
+form
+.IP
+.nf
+\f[C]
+*I[]
+\f[]
+.fi
+.PP
+it is a \f[B]reference\f[].
+Any changes to the array in the function are reflected, when the
+function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+.PP
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH LIBRARY
+.PP
+All of the functions below, including the functions in the extended math
+library (see the \f[I]Extended Library\f[] subsection below), are
+available when the \f[B]\-l\f[] or \f[B]\-\-mathlib\f[] command\-line
+flags are given, except that the extended math library is not available
+when the \f[B]\-s\f[] option, the \f[B]\-w\f[] option, or equivalents
+are given.
+.SS Standard Library
+.PP
+The
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+defines the following functions for the math library:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l(x)\f[]
+Returns the natural logarithm of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]e(x)\f[]
+Returns the mathematical constant \f[B]e\f[] raised to the power of
+\f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+Returns the bessel integer order \f[B]n\f[] (truncated) of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.SS Extended Library
+.PP
+The extended library is \f[I]not\f[] loaded when the
+\f[B]\-s\f[]/\f[B]\-\-standard\f[] or \f[B]\-w\f[]/\f[B]\-\-warn\f[]
+options are given since they are not part of the library defined by the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html).
+.PP
+The extended library is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p(x, y)\f[]
+Calculates \f[B]x\f[] to the power of \f[B]y\f[], even if \f[B]y\f[] is
+not an integer, and returns the result to the current \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r(x, p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] rounded to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places according to the
+rounding mode round half away from
+\f[B]0\f[] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ceil(x, p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] rounded to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places according to the
+rounding mode round away from
+\f[B]0\f[] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f(x)\f[]
+Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]perm(n, k)\f[]
+Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]n\f[] of
+the truncated absolute value of \f[B]k\f[], if \f[B]k <= n\f[].
+If not, it returns \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]comb(n, k)\f[]
+Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]n\f[] of
+the truncated absolute value of \f[B]k\f[], if \f[B]k <= n\f[].
+If not, it returns \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l2(x)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]2\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l10(x)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]10\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]log(x, b)\f[]
+Returns the logarithm base \f[B]b\f[] of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]cbrt(x)\f[]
+Returns the cube root of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]root(x, n)\f[]
+Calculates the truncated value of \f[B]n\f[], \f[B]r\f[], and returns
+the \f[B]r\f[]th root of \f[B]x\f[] to the current \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]r\f[] is \f[B]0\f[] or negative, this raises an error and causes
+bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+It also raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset if \f[B]r\f[] is even
+and \f[B]x\f[] is negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]pi(p)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]pi\f[] to \f[B]p\f[] decimal places.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]t(x)\f[]
+Returns the tangent of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a2(y, x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]y/x\f[], in radians.
+If both \f[B]y\f[] and \f[B]x\f[] are equal to \f[B]0\f[], it raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, if \f[B]x\f[] is greater than \f[B]0\f[], it returns
+\f[B]a(y/x)\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than or
+equal to \f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)+pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)\-pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]pi/2\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]\-pi/2\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This function is the same as the \f[B]atan2()\f[] function in many
+programming languages.
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]sin(x)\f[]
+Returns the sine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]s(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]cos(x)\f[]
+Returns the cosine of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]c(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]tan(x)\f[]
+Returns the tangent of \f[B]x\f[], which is assumed to be in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]1\f[] or \f[B]\-1\f[], this raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]t(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]atan(x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]x\f[], in radians.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]a(x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]atan2(y, x)\f[]
+Returns the arctangent of \f[B]y/x\f[], in radians.
+If both \f[B]y\f[] and \f[B]x\f[] are equal to \f[B]0\f[], it raises an
+error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, if \f[B]x\f[] is greater than \f[B]0\f[], it returns
+\f[B]a(y/x)\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than or
+equal to \f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)+pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is less than \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]a(y/x)\-pi\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is greater than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]pi/2\f[].
+If \f[B]x\f[] is equal to \f[B]0\f[], and \f[B]y\f[] is less than
+\f[B]0\f[], it returns \f[B]\-pi/2\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This function is the same as the \f[B]atan2()\f[] function in many
+programming languages.
+.PP
+This is an alias of \f[B]a2(y, x)\f[].
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r2d(x)\f[]
+Converts \f[B]x\f[] from radians to degrees and returns the result.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d2r(x)\f[]
+Converts \f[B]x\f[] from degrees to radians and returns the result.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a transcendental function (see the \f[I]Transcendental
+Functions\f[] subsection below).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]frand(p)\f[]
+Generates a pseudo\-random number between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive) and
+\f[B]1\f[] (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the
+decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of \f[B]p\f[].
+If \f[B]p\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[], then calling this function will change
+the value of \f[B]seed\f[].
+If \f[B]p\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], then \f[B]0\f[] is returned, and
+\f[B]seed\f[] is \f[I]not\f[] changed.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ifrand(i, p)\f[]
+Generates a pseudo\-random number that is between \f[B]0\f[] (inclusive)
+and the truncated absolute value of \f[B]i\f[] (exclusive) with the
+number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated
+absolute value of \f[B]p\f[].
+If the absolute value of \f[B]i\f[] is greater than or equal to
+\f[B]2\f[], and \f[B]p\f[] is not \f[B]0\f[], then calling this function
+will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[]; otherwise, \f[B]0\f[] is
+returned and \f[B]seed\f[] is not changed.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]srand(x)\f[]
+Returns \f[B]x\f[] with its sign flipped with probability \f[B]0.5\f[].
+In other words, it randomizes the sign of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]brand()\f[]
+Returns a random boolean value (either \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[]).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]ubytes(x)\f[]
+Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the
+truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]sbytes(x)\f[]
+Returns the numbers of signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer bytes
+required to hold the truncated value of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]hex(x)\f[]
+Outputs the hexadecimal (base \f[B]16\f[]) representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]binary(x)\f[]
+Outputs the binary (base \f[B]2\f[]) representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output(x, b)\f[]
+Outputs the base \f[B]b\f[] representation of \f[B]x\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in as few power of two bytes as possible.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or is negative, an error message is
+printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[]
+section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as
+possible.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, an error message is printed instead,
+but bc(1) is not reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uintn(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]n\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]intn(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]n\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint8(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]1\f[] byte.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]1\f[] byte, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int8(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]1\f[] byte.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]1\f[] byte, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint16(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]2\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]2\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int16(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]2\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]2\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint32(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]4\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]4\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int32(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]4\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]4\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]uint64(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+an unsigned integer in \f[B]8\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into
+\f[B]8\f[] bytes, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]int64(x)\f[]
+Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of \f[B]x\f[] as
+a signed, two\[aq]s\-complement integer in \f[B]8\f[] bytes.
+Both outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+.RS
+.PP
+If \f[B]x\f[] is not an integer or cannot fit into \f[B]8\f[] bytes, an
+error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]hex_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in hexadecimal using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]binary_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in binary using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output_uint(x, n)\f[]
+Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[]
+as an unsigned integer in the current \f[B]obase\f[] (see the
+\f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section) using \f[B]n\f[] bytes.
+Not all of the value will be output if \f[B]n\f[] is too small.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]output_byte(x, i)\f[]
+Outputs byte \f[B]i\f[] of the truncated absolute value of \f[B]x\f[],
+where \f[B]0\f[] is the least significant byte and \f[B]number_of_bytes
+\- 1\f[] is the most significant byte.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]void\f[] function (see the \f[I]Void Functions\f[]
+subsection of the \f[B]FUNCTIONS\f[] section).
+.RE
+.SS Transcendental Functions
+.PP
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up
+to 1 ULP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place)).
+This is unavoidable, and this
+article (https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT) explains
+why it is impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the
+transcendental functions.
+.PP
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those
+functions with the precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) set to at least 1 higher
+than is necessary.
+If exact results are \f[I]absolutely\f[] required, users can double the
+precision (\f[B]scale\f[]) and then truncate.
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]s(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]c(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]e(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]j(x, n)\f[]
+.PP
+The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l2(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]l10(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]log(x, b)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]pi(p)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]t(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]a2(y, x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]sin(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]cos(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]tan(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]atan(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]atan2(y, x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]r2d(x)\f[]
+.IP \[bu] 2
+\f[B]d2r(x)\f[]
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all functions returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.PP
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which
+attempts to start executing the statement right after the one that
+caused an error.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most bc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This bc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+The actual values of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[] and \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[] can
+be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+bc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]BC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]BC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]BC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_RAND_MAX\f[]
+The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the \f[B]rand()\f[] operand.
+Set at \f[B]2^BC_LONG_BIT\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]BC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+The actual values can be queried with the \f[B]limits\f[] statement.
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]POSIXLY_CORRECT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+the \f[B]\-s\f[] option was given.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to bc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "bc"
+file.bc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]BC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), bc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash (\f[B]\\\f[]).
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]BC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, using a negative number as a bound for the
+pseudo\-random number generator, attempting to convert a negative number
+to a hardware integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware
+integer, and attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is
+required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]), places (\f[B]\@\f[]), left shift (\f[B]<<\f[]), and
+right shift (\f[B]>>\f[]) operators and their corresponding assignment
+operators.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, using a token
+where it is invalid, giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid
+print statement, giving an invalid function definition, attempting to
+assign to an expression that is not a named expression (see the
+\f[I]Named Expressions\f[] subsection of the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section),
+giving an invalid \f[B]auto\f[] list, having a duplicate
+\f[B]auto\f[]/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code
+block, attempting to return a value from a \f[B]void\f[] function,
+attempting to use a variable as a reference, and using any extensions
+when the option \f[B]\-s\f[] or any equivalents were given.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, passing the wrong number of arguments
+to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and attempting
+to use a \f[B]void\f[] function call as a value in an expression.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (bc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+bc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Per the
+standard (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the \f[B]COMMAND
+LINE HISTORY\f[] section).
+It is also required to enable special handling for \f[B]SIGINT\f[]
+signals.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If bc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If bc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to bc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause bc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+The one exception is \f[B]SIGHUP\f[]; in that case, when bc(1) is in TTY
+mode, a \f[B]SIGHUP\f[] will cause bc(1) to clean up and exit.
+.SH COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+.PP
+bc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing.
+If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), history is
+enabled.
+Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+.SH LOCALES
+.PP
+This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different
+locales and thus, supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGES\f[].
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+dc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+bc(1) is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+The flags \f[B]\-efghiqsvVw\f[], all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+.PP
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts
+numbers that use a period (\f[B].\f[]) as a radix point, regardless of
+the value of \f[B]LC_NUMERIC\f[].
+.PP
+This bc(1) supports error messages for different locales, and thus, it
+supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGES\f[].
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHORS
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/P.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/A.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/A.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/A.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1697 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# NAME
+
+bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**bc** [**-ghilPqsvVw**] [**--global-stacks**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--mathlib**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--quiet**] [**--standard**] [**--warn**] [**--version**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...]
+[*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by
+POSIX. (The current standard is [here][1].) The language provides unlimited
+precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the
+command line and executes them before reading from **stdin**.
+
+This bc(1) is a drop-in replacement for *any* bc(1), including (and
+especially) the GNU bc(1). It also has many extensions and extra features beyond
+other implementations.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+
+**-g**, **--global-stacks**
+
+: Turns the globals **ibase**, **obase**, **scale**, and **seed** into stacks.
+
+ This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all four are pushed
+ onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function
+ returns. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those
+ globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+ Thus, a hypothetical function named **output(x,b)** that simply printed
+ **x** in base **b** could be written like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ obase=b
+ x
+ }
+
+ instead of like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ auto c
+ c=obase
+ obase=b
+ x
+ obase=c
+ }
+
+ This makes writing functions much easier.
+
+ (**Note**: the function **output(x,b)** exists in the extended math library.
+ See the **LIBRARY** section.)
+
+ However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set **ibase**,
+ **obase**, **scale**, or **seed** globally, functions that are made to do so
+ cannot work anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has
+ a solution.
+
+ First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+ converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+ aliases. Examples:
+
+ alias d2o="bc -e ibase=A -e obase=8"
+ alias h2b="bc -e ibase=G -e obase=2"
+
+ Second, if the purpose of a function is to set **ibase**, **obase**,
+ **scale**, or **seed** globally for any other purpose, it could be split
+ into one to four functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of
+ those functions could return the desired value for a global.
+
+ For functions that set **seed**, the value assigned to **seed** is not
+ propagated to parent functions. This means that the sequence of
+ pseudo-random numbers that they see will not be the same sequence of
+ pseudo-random numbers that any parent sees. This is only the case once
+ **seed** has been set.
+
+ If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo-random numbers
+ of its parents, but wants to use the same **seed**, it can use the following
+ line:
+
+ seed = seed
+
+ If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users
+ could make sure to define **BC_ENV_ARGS** and include this option (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section for more details).
+
+ If **-s**, **-w**, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-l**, **--mathlib**
+
+: Sets **scale** (see the **SYNTAX** section) to **20** and loads the included
+ math library and the extended math library before running any code,
+ including any expressions or files specified on the command line.
+
+ To learn what is in the libraries, see the **LIBRARY** section.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: Disables the prompt in TTY mode. (The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+ See the **TTY MODE** section) This is mostly for those users that do not
+ want a prompt or are not used to having them in bc(1). Most of those users
+ would want to put this option in **BC_ENV_ARGS** (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-q**, **--quiet**
+
+: Do not print copyright header. bc(1) will also suppress the header in
+ non-interactive mode.
+
+ This is mostly for compatibility with the [GNU bc(1)][2].
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-s**, **--standard**
+
+: Process exactly the language defined by the [standard][1] and error if any
+ extensions are used.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-w**, **--warn**
+
+: Like **-s** and **--standard**, except that warnings (and not errors) are
+ printed for non-standard extensions and execution continues normally.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **bc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **bc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. This
+bc(1) follows the [POSIX standard][1], which is a much more thorough resource
+for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a
+listing of all the extensions to the standard.
+
+In the sections below, **E** means expression, **S** means statement, and **I**
+means identifier.
+
+Identifiers (**I**) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any
+number (up to **BC_NAME_MAX-1**) of lowercase letters (**a-z**), digits
+(**0-9**), and underscores (**\_**). The regex is **\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\***.
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**ibase** is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers. It
+is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers.
+**ibase** is initially **10**. If the **-s** (**--standard**) and **-w**
+(**--warn**) flags were not given on the command line, the max allowable value
+for **ibase** is **36**. Otherwise, it is **16**. The min allowable value for
+**ibase** is **2**. The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in
+bc(1) programs with the **maxibase()** built-in function.
+
+**obase** is a global variable determining how to output results. It is the
+"output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers. **obase** is
+initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is **BC_BASE_MAX** and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxobase()** built-in function. The
+min allowable value for **obase** is **0**. If **obase** is **0**, values are
+output in scientific notation, and if **obase** is **1**, values are output in
+engineering notation. Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are **non-portable
+extensions**.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a global variable that
+sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions. **scale** is initially
+**0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max allowable value for **scale** is
+**BC_SCALE_MAX** and can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxscale()**
+built-in function.
+
+bc(1) has both *global* variables and *local* variables. All *local*
+variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in
+the **auto** list of a function (see the **FUNCTIONS** section). If a variable
+is accessed which is not a parameter or in the **auto** list, it is assumed to
+be *global*. If a parent function has a *local* variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers *global*, the value of that *global* variable in
+the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not the
+value of the actual *global* variable.
+
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an
+assignment operator *and* the expression is notsurrounded by parentheses.
+
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable **last**. A
+single dot (**.**) may also be used as a synonym for **last**. These are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+
+## Comments
+
+There are two kinds of comments:
+
+1. Block comments are enclosed in **/\*** and **\*/**.
+2. Line comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This
+ is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Named Expressions
+
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+
+1. Variables: **I**
+2. Array Elements: **I[E]**
+3. **ibase**
+4. **obase**
+5. **scale**
+6. **seed**
+7. **last** or a single dot (**.**)
+
+Numbers 6 and 7 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+The meaning of **seed** is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
+generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
+
+The *scale* and sign of the value may be significant.
+
+If a previously used **seed** value is assigned to **seed** and used again, the
+pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers as it did when the **seed** value was previously used.
+
+The exact value assigned to **seed** is not guaranteed to be returned if
+**seed** is queried again immediately. However, if **seed** *does* return a
+different value, both values, when assigned to **seed**, are guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain
+values assigned to **seed** will *not* produce unique sequences of pseudo-random
+numbers. The value of **seed** will change after any use of the **rand()** and
+**irand(E)** operands (see the *Operands* subsection below), except if the
+parameter passed to **irand(E)** is **0**, **1**, or negative.
+
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
+*scale* of the value that can be assigned to **seed**.
+
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as
+variables. This also applies to functions (see the **FUNCTIONS** section), so a
+user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and
+they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions or not.
+
+Named expressions are required as the operand of **increment**/**decrement**
+operators and as the left side of **assignment** operators (see the *Operators*
+subsection).
+
+## Operands
+
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+
+1. Numbers (see the *Numbers* subsection below).
+2. Array indices (**I[E]**).
+3. **(E)**: The value of **E** (used to change precedence).
+4. **sqrt(E)**: The square root of **E**. **E** must be non-negative.
+5. **length(E)**: The number of significant decimal digits in **E**.
+6. **length(I[])**: The number of elements in the array **I**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+7. **scale(E)**: The *scale* of **E**.
+8. **abs(E)**: The absolute value of **E**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+9. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a non-**void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+10. **read()**: Reads a line from **stdin** and uses that as an expression. The
+ result of that expression is the result of the **read()** operand. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+11. **maxibase()**: The max allowable **ibase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+12. **maxobase()**: The max allowable **obase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+13. **maxscale()**: The max allowable **scale**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+14. **rand()**: A pseudo-random integer between **0** (inclusive) and
+ **BC_RAND_MAX** (inclusive). Using this operand will change the value of
+ **seed**. This is a **non-portable extension**.
+15. **irand(E)**: A pseudo-random integer between **0** (inclusive) and the
+ value of **E** (exclusive). If **E** is negative or is a non-integer
+ (**E**'s *scale* is not **0**), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets (see
+ the **RESET** section) while **seed** remains unchanged. If **E** is larger
+ than **BC_RAND_MAX**, the higher bound is honored by generating several
+ pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of
+ **BC_RAND_MAX+1**, and adding them together. Thus, the size of integer that
+ can be generated with this operand is unbounded. Using this operand will
+ change the value of **seed**, unless the value of **E** is **0** or **1**.
+ In that case, **0** is returned, and **seed** is *not* changed. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+16. **maxrand()**: The max integer returned by **rand()**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+The integers generated by **rand()** and **irand(E)** are guaranteed to be as
+unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of the pseudo-random number
+generator.
+
+**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with
+**rand()** and **irand(E)** are guaranteed to *NOT* be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
+they *are* guaranteed to be reproducible with identical **seed** values.
+
+## Numbers
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most **1**
+period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **BC_NUM_MAX** digits. Uppercase
+letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e., **A** equals
+**10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value
+of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **Z** alone always equals decimal
+**35**.
+
+In addition, bc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation. These have the form
+**\<number\>e\<integer\>**. The power (the portion after the **e**) must be an
+integer. An example is **1.89237e9**, which is equal to **1892370000**. Negative
+exponents are also allowed, so **4.2890e-3** is equal to **0.0042890**.
+
+Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the **-s** or **-w**,
+respectively, command-line options (or equivalents) are given.
+
+**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
+interpreted according to the current **ibase**, but the number is still
+multiplied by **10\^exponent** regardless of the current **ibase**. For example,
+if **ibase** is **16** and bc(1) is given the number string **FFeA**, the
+resulting decimal number will be **2550000000000**, and if bc(1) is given the
+number string **10e-4**, the resulting decimal number will be **0.0016**.
+
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Operators
+
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used. They are listed in
+order of decreasing precedence. Operators in the same group have the same
+precedence.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: Type: Prefix and Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **increment**, **decrement**
+
+**-** **!**
+
+: Type: Prefix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **negation**, **boolean not**
+
+**\$**
+
+: Type: Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **truncation**
+
+**\@**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **set precision**
+
+**\^**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **power**
+
+**\*** **/** **%**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **multiply**, **divide**, **modulus**
+
+**+** **-**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **add**, **subtract**
+
+**\<\<** **\>\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **shift left**, **shift right**
+
+**=** **\<\<=** **\>\>=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=** **\@=**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **assignment**
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **relational**
+
+**&&**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean and**
+
+**||**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean or**
+
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: The prefix and postfix **increment** and **decrement** operators behave
+ exactly like they would in C. They require a named expression (see the
+ *Named Expressions* subsection) as an operand.
+
+ The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where
+ possible.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **negation** operator returns **0** if a user attempts to negate any
+ expression with the value **0**. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with
+ its sign flipped is returned.
+
+**!**
+
+: The **boolean not** operator returns **1** if the expression is **0**, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\$**
+
+: The **truncation** operator returns a copy of the given expression with all
+ of its *scale* removed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\@**
+
+: The **set precision** operator takes two expressions and returns a copy of
+ the first with its *scale* equal to the value of the second expression. That
+ could either mean that the number is returned without change (if the
+ *scale* of the first expression matches the value of the second
+ expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is more).
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The **power** operator (not the **exclusive or** operator, as it would be in
+ C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of
+ the second.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*), and if it is
+ negative, the first value must be non-zero.
+
+**\***
+
+: The **multiply** operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and
+ returns the product. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result is
+ equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The **divide** operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the
+ quotient. The *scale* of the result shall be the value of **scale**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The **modulus** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ evaluates them by 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale** and 2) Using the
+ result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**+**
+
+: The **add** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and returns the
+ sum, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of **a** and **b**.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **subtract** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns the difference, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of
+ **a** and **b**.
+
+**\<\<**
+
+: The **left shift** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns a copy of the value of **a** with its decimal point moved **b**
+ places to the right.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\>\>**
+
+: The **right shift** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns a copy of the value of **a** with its decimal point moved **b**
+ places to the left.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=** **\<\<=** **\>\>=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=** **\@=**
+
+: The **assignment** operators take two expressions, **a** and **b** where
+ **a** is a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection).
+
+ For **=**, **b** is copied and the result is assigned to **a**. For all
+ others, **a** and **b** are applied as operands to the corresponding
+ arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to **a**.
+
+ The **assignment** operators that correspond to operators that are
+ extensions are themselves **non-portable extensions**.
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: The **relational** operators compare two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ if the relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is
+ **1**. Otherwise, it is **0**.
+
+ Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+ **assignment** operators, which means that **a=b\>c** is interpreted as
+ **(a=b)\>c**.
+
+ Also, unlike the [standard][1] requires, these operators can appear anywhere
+ any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**&&**
+
+: The **boolean and** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if both
+ expressions are non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**||**
+
+: The **boolean or** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if one
+ of the expressions is non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Statements
+
+The following items are statements:
+
+1. **E**
+2. **{** **S** **;** ... **;** **S** **}**
+3. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+4. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S** **else** **S**
+5. **while** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+6. **for** **(** **E** **;** **E** **;** **E** **)** **S**
+7. An empty statement
+8. **break**
+9. **continue**
+10. **quit**
+11. **halt**
+12. **limits**
+13. A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+14. **print** **E** **,** ... **,** **E**
+15. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+Also, as a **non-portable extension**, any or all of the expressions in the
+header of a for loop may be omitted. If the condition (second expression) is
+omitted, it is assumed to be a constant **1**.
+
+The **break** statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution
+immediately following a loop. This is only allowed in loops.
+
+The **continue** statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to
+the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition. This is only
+allowed in loops.
+
+The **if** **else** statement does the same thing as in C.
+
+The **quit** statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will
+not be executed (it is a compile-time command).
+
+The **halt** statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed. (Unlike **quit**
+if it is on a branch of an **if** statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not
+quit.)
+
+The **limits** statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to. This
+is like the **quit** statement in that it is a compile-time command.
+
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+
+Both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for printing the
+results of expressions. Scientific notation is activated by assigning **0** to
+**obase**, and engineering notation is activated by assigning **1** to
+**obase**. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to **obase**.
+
+Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is run with
+either the **-s** or **-w** command-line options (or equivalents).
+
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+## Print Statement
+
+The "expressions" in a **print** statement may also be strings. If they are, there
+are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially. What those
+sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
+
+-------- -------
+**\\a** **\\a**
+**\\b** **\\b**
+**\\\\** **\\**
+**\\e** **\\**
+**\\f** **\\f**
+**\\n** **\\n**
+**\\q** **"**
+**\\r** **\\r**
+**\\t** **\\t**
+-------- -------
+
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to
+be printed as-is.
+
+Any non-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to **last**,
+like any other expression that is printed.
+
+## Order of Evaluation
+
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary
+to maintain order of operations. This means, for example, assuming that **i** is
+equal to **0**, in the expression
+
+ a[i++] = i++
+
+the first (or 0th) element of **a** is set to **1**, and **i** is equal to **2**
+at the end of the expression.
+
+This includes function arguments. Thus, assuming **i** is equal to **0**, this
+means that in the expression
+
+ x(i++, i++)
+
+the first argument passed to **x()** is **0**, and the second argument is **1**,
+while **i** is equal to **2** before the function starts executing.
+
+# FUNCTIONS
+
+Function definitions are as follows:
+
+```
+define I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return(E)
+}
+```
+
+Any **I** in the parameter list or **auto** list may be replaced with **I[]** to
+make a parameter or **auto** var an array, and any **I** in the parameter list
+may be replaced with **\*I[]** to make a parameter an array reference. Callers
+of functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call;
+they must be called with just **I[]** like normal array parameters and will be
+automatically converted into references.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the opening brace of a **define** statement may
+appear on the next line.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the return statement may also be in one of the
+following forms:
+
+1. **return**
+2. **return** **(** **)**
+3. **return** **E**
+
+The first two, or not specifying a **return** statement, is equivalent to
+**return (0)**, unless the function is a **void** function (see the *Void
+Functions* subsection below).
+
+## Void Functions
+
+Functions can also be **void** functions, defined as follows:
+
+```
+define void I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return
+}
+```
+
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would
+be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+
+Void functions can only use the first two **return** statements listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have
+variables, arrays, and functions named **void**. The word "void" is only
+treated specially right after the **define** keyword.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Array References
+
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
+
+```
+*I[]
+```
+
+it is a **reference**. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected,
+when the function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# LIBRARY
+
+All of the functions below, including the functions in the extended math
+library (see the *Extended Library* subsection below), are available when the
+**-l** or **--mathlib** command-line flags are given, except that the extended
+math library is not available when the **-s** option, the **-w** option, or
+equivalents are given.
+
+## Standard Library
+
+The [standard][1] defines the following functions for the math library:
+
+**s(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**c(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l(x)**
+
+: Returns the natural logarithm of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**e(x)**
+
+: Returns the mathematical constant **e** raised to the power of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**j(x, n)**
+
+: Returns the bessel integer order **n** (truncated) of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+## Extended Library
+
+The extended library is *not* loaded when the **-s**/**--standard** or
+**-w**/**--warn** options are given since they are not part of the library
+defined by the [standard][1].
+
+The extended library is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**p(x, y)**
+
+: Calculates **x** to the power of **y**, even if **y** is not an integer, and
+ returns the result to the current **scale**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**r(x, p)**
+
+: Returns **x** rounded to **p** decimal places according to the rounding mode
+ [round half away from **0**][3].
+
+**ceil(x, p)**
+
+: Returns **x** rounded to **p** decimal places according to the rounding mode
+ [round away from **0**][6].
+
+**f(x)**
+
+: Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of **x**.
+
+**perm(n, k)**
+
+: Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of **n** of the
+ truncated absolute value of **k**, if **k \<= n**. If not, it returns **0**.
+
+**comb(n, k)**
+
+: Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of **n** of the
+ truncated absolute value of **k**, if **k \<= n**. If not, it returns **0**.
+
+**l2(x)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **2** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l10(x)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **10** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**log(x, b)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **b** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**cbrt(x)**
+
+: Returns the cube root of **x**.
+
+**root(x, n)**
+
+: Calculates the truncated value of **n**, **r**, and returns the **r**th root
+ of **x** to the current **scale**.
+
+ If **r** is **0** or negative, this raises an error and causes bc(1) to
+ reset (see the **RESET** section). It also raises an error and causes bc(1)
+ to reset if **r** is even and **x** is negative.
+
+**pi(p)**
+
+: Returns **pi** to **p** decimal places.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**t(x)**
+
+: Returns the tangent of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a2(y, x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **y/x**, in radians. If both **y** and **x** are
+ equal to **0**, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the
+ **RESET** section). Otherwise, if **x** is greater than **0**, it returns
+ **a(y/x)**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y** is greater than or equal
+ to **0**, it returns **a(y/x)+pi**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y**
+ is less than **0**, it returns **a(y/x)-pi**. If **x** is equal to **0**,
+ and **y** is greater than **0**, it returns **pi/2**. If **x** is equal to
+ **0**, and **y** is less than **0**, it returns **-pi/2**.
+
+ This function is the same as the **atan2()** function in many programming
+ languages.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**sin(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **s(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**cos(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **c(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**tan(x)**
+
+: Returns the tangent of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ If **x** is equal to **1** or **-1**, this raises an error and causes bc(1)
+ to reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is an alias of **t(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**atan(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **a(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**atan2(y, x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **y/x**, in radians. If both **y** and **x** are
+ equal to **0**, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the
+ **RESET** section). Otherwise, if **x** is greater than **0**, it returns
+ **a(y/x)**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y** is greater than or equal
+ to **0**, it returns **a(y/x)+pi**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y**
+ is less than **0**, it returns **a(y/x)-pi**. If **x** is equal to **0**,
+ and **y** is greater than **0**, it returns **pi/2**. If **x** is equal to
+ **0**, and **y** is less than **0**, it returns **-pi/2**.
+
+ This function is the same as the **atan2()** function in many programming
+ languages.
+
+ This is an alias of **a2(y, x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**r2d(x)**
+
+: Converts **x** from radians to degrees and returns the result.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**d2r(x)**
+
+: Converts **x** from degrees to radians and returns the result.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**frand(p)**
+
+: Generates a pseudo-random number between **0** (inclusive) and **1**
+ (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal
+ to the truncated absolute value of **p**. If **p** is not **0**, then
+ calling this function will change the value of **seed**. If **p** is **0**,
+ then **0** is returned, and **seed** is *not* changed.
+
+**ifrand(i, p)**
+
+: Generates a pseudo-random number that is between **0** (inclusive) and the
+ truncated absolute value of **i** (exclusive) with the number of decimal
+ digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of
+ **p**. If the absolute value of **i** is greater than or equal to **2**, and
+ **p** is not **0**, then calling this function will change the value of
+ **seed**; otherwise, **0** is returned and **seed** is not changed.
+
+**srand(x)**
+
+: Returns **x** with its sign flipped with probability **0.5**. In other
+ words, it randomizes the sign of **x**.
+
+**brand()**
+
+: Returns a random boolean value (either **0** or **1**).
+
+**ubytes(x)**
+
+: Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the truncated
+ absolute value of **x**.
+
+**sbytes(x)**
+
+: Returns the numbers of signed, two's-complement integer bytes required to
+ hold the truncated value of **x**.
+
+**hex(x)**
+
+: Outputs the hexadecimal (base **16**) representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**binary(x)**
+
+: Outputs the binary (base **2**) representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output(x, b)**
+
+: Outputs the base **b** representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both outputs are
+ split into bytes separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or is negative, an error message is printed
+ instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both
+ outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1)
+ is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uintn(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **n** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **n** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**intn(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **n** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **n** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint8(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **1** byte. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **1** byte, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int8(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **1** byte. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **1** byte, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint16(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **2** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **2** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int16(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **2** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **2** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint32(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **4** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **4** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int32(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **4** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **4** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint64(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **8** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **8** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int64(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **8** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **8** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**hex_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in hexadecimal using **n** bytes. Not all of the value will
+ be output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**binary_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in binary using **n** bytes. Not all of the value will be
+ output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in the current **obase** (see the **SYNTAX** section) using
+ **n** bytes. Not all of the value will be output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output_byte(x, i)**
+
+: Outputs byte **i** of the truncated absolute value of **x**, where **0** is
+ the least significant byte and **number_of_bytes - 1** is the most
+ significant byte.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+## Transcendental Functions
+
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1
+[ULP][4]). This is unavoidable, and [this article][5] explains why it is
+impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental
+functions.
+
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions
+with the precision (**scale**) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary. If
+exact results are *absolutely* required, users can double the precision
+(**scale**) and then truncate.
+
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+
+* **s(x)**
+* **c(x)**
+* **a(x)**
+* **l(x)**
+* **e(x)**
+* **j(x, n)**
+
+The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
+
+* **l2(x)**
+* **l10(x)**
+* **log(x, b)**
+* **pi(p)**
+* **t(x)**
+* **a2(y, x)**
+* **sin(x)**
+* **cos(x)**
+* **tan(x)**
+* **atan(x)**
+* **atan2(y, x)**
+* **r2d(x)**
+* **d2r(x)**
+
+# RESET
+
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+functions returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to
+start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most bc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This bc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **BC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **BC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+The actual values of **BC_LONG_BIT** and **BC_BASE_DIGS** can be queried with
+the **limits** statement.
+
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **BC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+
+**BC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where bc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **BC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **BC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**BC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_RAND_MAX**
+
+: The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the **rand()** operand. Set at
+ **2\^BC_LONG_BIT-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+The actual values can be queried with the **limits** statement.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**POSIXLY_CORRECT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+ the **-s** option was given.
+
+**BC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to bc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **BC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+
+ The code that parses **BC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"bc\" file.bc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **BC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**BC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), bc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash (**\\**). The default line
+ length is **70**.
+
+**BC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
+ generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**), places (**\@**), left shift (**\<\<**), and right shift (**\>\>**)
+ operators and their corresponding assignment operators.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid,
+ giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an
+ invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is
+ not a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection of the
+ **SYNTAX** section), giving an invalid **auto** list, having a duplicate
+ **auto**/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code block,
+ attempting to return a value from a **void** function, attempting to use a
+ variable as a reference, and using any extensions when the option **-s** or
+ any equivalents were given.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, passing the wrong number of
+ arguments to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and
+ attempting to use a **void** function call as a value in an expression.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Per the [standard][1], bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the **COMMAND LINE HISTORY**
+section). It is also required to enable special handling for **SIGINT** signals.
+
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If bc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If bc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals. The one exception is **SIGHUP**; in that
+case, when bc(1) is in TTY mode, a **SIGHUP** will cause bc(1) to clean up and
+exit.
+
+# COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+
+bc(1) supports interactive command-line editing. If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see
+the **TTY MODE** section), history is enabled. Previous lines can be recalled
+and edited with the arrow keys.
+
+**Note**: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+
+# LOCALES
+
+This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales
+and thus, supports **LC_MESSAGES**.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+dc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+bc(1) is compliant with the [IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1]
+specification. The flags **-efghiqsvVw**, all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that
+use a period (**.**) as a radix point, regardless of the value of
+**LC_NUMERIC**.
+
+This bc(1) supports error messages for different locales, and thus, it supports
+**LC_MESSAGES**.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
+[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero
+[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place
+[5]: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/E.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/E.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/E.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1091 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# NAME
+
+bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**bc** [**-ghilPqsvVw**] [**--global-stacks**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--mathlib**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--quiet**] [**--standard**] [**--warn**] [**--version**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...]
+[*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by
+POSIX. (The current standard is [here][1].) The language provides unlimited
+precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the
+command line and executes them before reading from **stdin**.
+
+This bc(1) is a drop-in replacement for *any* bc(1), including (and
+especially) the GNU bc(1).
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+
+**-g**, **--global-stacks**
+
+ Turns the globals **ibase**, **obase**, and **scale** into stacks.
+
+ This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all three are pushed
+ onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function
+ returns. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those
+ globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+ Thus, a hypothetical function named **output(x,b)** that simply printed
+ **x** in base **b** could be written like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ obase=b
+ x
+ }
+
+ instead of like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ auto c
+ c=obase
+ obase=b
+ x
+ obase=c
+ }
+
+ This makes writing functions much easier.
+
+ However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set **ibase**,
+ **obase**, or **scale** globally, functions that are made to do so cannot
+ work anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a
+ solution.
+
+ First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+ converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+ aliases. Examples:
+
+ alias d2o="bc -e ibase=A -e obase=8"
+ alias h2b="bc -e ibase=G -e obase=2"
+
+ Second, if the purpose of a function is to set **ibase**, **obase**, or
+ **scale** globally for any other purpose, it could be split into one to
+ three functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of those
+ functions could return the desired value for a global.
+
+ If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users
+ could make sure to define **BC_ENV_ARGS** and include this option (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section for more details).
+
+ If **-s**, **-w**, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-l**, **--mathlib**
+
+: Sets **scale** (see the **SYNTAX** section) to **20** and loads the included
+ math library before running any code, including any expressions or files
+ specified on the command line.
+
+ To learn what is in the library, see the **LIBRARY** section.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: Disables the prompt in TTY mode. (The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+ See the **TTY MODE** section) This is mostly for those users that do not
+ want a prompt or are not used to having them in bc(1). Most of those users
+ would want to put this option in **BC_ENV_ARGS** (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-q**, **--quiet**
+
+: Do not print copyright header. bc(1) will also suppress the header in
+ non-interactive mode.
+
+ This is mostly for compatibility with the [GNU bc(1)][2].
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-s**, **--standard**
+
+: Process exactly the language defined by the [standard][1] and error if any
+ extensions are used.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-w**, **--warn**
+
+: Like **-s** and **--standard**, except that warnings (and not errors) are
+ printed for non-standard extensions and execution continues normally.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **bc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **bc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. This
+bc(1) follows the [POSIX standard][1], which is a much more thorough resource
+for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a
+listing of all the extensions to the standard.
+
+In the sections below, **E** means expression, **S** means statement, and **I**
+means identifier.
+
+Identifiers (**I**) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any
+number (up to **BC_NAME_MAX-1**) of lowercase letters (**a-z**), digits
+(**0-9**), and underscores (**\_**). The regex is **\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\***.
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**ibase** is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers. It
+is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers.
+**ibase** is initially **10**. If the **-s** (**--standard**) and **-w**
+(**--warn**) flags were not given on the command line, the max allowable value
+for **ibase** is **36**. Otherwise, it is **16**. The min allowable value for
+**ibase** is **2**. The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in
+bc(1) programs with the **maxibase()** built-in function.
+
+**obase** is a global variable determining how to output results. It is the
+"output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers. **obase** is
+initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is **BC_BASE_MAX** and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxobase()** built-in function. The
+min allowable value for **obase** is **2**. Values are output in the specified
+base.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a global variable that
+sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions. **scale** is initially
+**0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max allowable value for **scale** is
+**BC_SCALE_MAX** and can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxscale()**
+built-in function.
+
+bc(1) has both *global* variables and *local* variables. All *local*
+variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in
+the **auto** list of a function (see the **FUNCTIONS** section). If a variable
+is accessed which is not a parameter or in the **auto** list, it is assumed to
+be *global*. If a parent function has a *local* variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers *global*, the value of that *global* variable in
+the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not the
+value of the actual *global* variable.
+
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an
+assignment operator *and* the expression is notsurrounded by parentheses.
+
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable **last**. A
+single dot (**.**) may also be used as a synonym for **last**. These are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+
+## Comments
+
+There are two kinds of comments:
+
+1. Block comments are enclosed in **/\*** and **\*/**.
+2. Line comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This
+ is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Named Expressions
+
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+
+1. Variables: **I**
+2. Array Elements: **I[E]**
+3. **ibase**
+4. **obase**
+5. **scale**
+6. **last** or a single dot (**.**)
+
+Number 6 is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as
+variables. This also applies to functions (see the **FUNCTIONS** section), so a
+user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and
+they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions or not.
+
+Named expressions are required as the operand of **increment**/**decrement**
+operators and as the left side of **assignment** operators (see the *Operators*
+subsection).
+
+## Operands
+
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+
+1. Numbers (see the *Numbers* subsection below).
+2. Array indices (**I[E]**).
+3. **(E)**: The value of **E** (used to change precedence).
+4. **sqrt(E)**: The square root of **E**. **E** must be non-negative.
+5. **length(E)**: The number of significant decimal digits in **E**.
+6. **length(I[])**: The number of elements in the array **I**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+7. **scale(E)**: The *scale* of **E**.
+8. **abs(E)**: The absolute value of **E**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+9. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a non-**void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+10. **read()**: Reads a line from **stdin** and uses that as an expression. The
+ result of that expression is the result of the **read()** operand. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+11. **maxibase()**: The max allowable **ibase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+12. **maxobase()**: The max allowable **obase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+13. **maxscale()**: The max allowable **scale**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+
+## Numbers
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most **1**
+period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **BC_NUM_MAX** digits. Uppercase
+letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e., **A** equals
+**10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value
+of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **Z** alone always equals decimal
+**35**.
+
+## Operators
+
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used. They are listed in
+order of decreasing precedence. Operators in the same group have the same
+precedence.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: Type: Prefix and Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **increment**, **decrement**
+
+**-** **!**
+
+: Type: Prefix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **negation**, **boolean not**
+
+**\^**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **power**
+
+**\*** **/** **%**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **multiply**, **divide**, **modulus**
+
+**+** **-**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **add**, **subtract**
+
+**=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **assignment**
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **relational**
+
+**&&**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean and**
+
+**||**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean or**
+
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: The prefix and postfix **increment** and **decrement** operators behave
+ exactly like they would in C. They require a named expression (see the
+ *Named Expressions* subsection) as an operand.
+
+ The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where
+ possible.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **negation** operator returns **0** if a user attempts to negate any
+ expression with the value **0**. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with
+ its sign flipped is returned.
+
+**!**
+
+: The **boolean not** operator returns **1** if the expression is **0**, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The **power** operator (not the **exclusive or** operator, as it would be in
+ C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of
+ the second.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*), and if it is
+ negative, the first value must be non-zero.
+
+**\***
+
+: The **multiply** operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and
+ returns the product. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result is
+ equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The **divide** operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the
+ quotient. The *scale* of the result shall be the value of **scale**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The **modulus** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ evaluates them by 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale** and 2) Using the
+ result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**+**
+
+: The **add** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and returns the
+ sum, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of **a** and **b**.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **subtract** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns the difference, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of
+ **a** and **b**.
+
+**=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=**
+
+: The **assignment** operators take two expressions, **a** and **b** where
+ **a** is a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection).
+
+ For **=**, **b** is copied and the result is assigned to **a**. For all
+ others, **a** and **b** are applied as operands to the corresponding
+ arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to **a**.
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: The **relational** operators compare two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ if the relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is
+ **1**. Otherwise, it is **0**.
+
+ Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+ **assignment** operators, which means that **a=b\>c** is interpreted as
+ **(a=b)\>c**.
+
+ Also, unlike the [standard][1] requires, these operators can appear anywhere
+ any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**&&**
+
+: The **boolean and** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if both
+ expressions are non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**||**
+
+: The **boolean or** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if one
+ of the expressions is non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Statements
+
+The following items are statements:
+
+1. **E**
+2. **{** **S** **;** ... **;** **S** **}**
+3. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+4. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S** **else** **S**
+5. **while** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+6. **for** **(** **E** **;** **E** **;** **E** **)** **S**
+7. An empty statement
+8. **break**
+9. **continue**
+10. **quit**
+11. **halt**
+12. **limits**
+13. A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+14. **print** **E** **,** ... **,** **E**
+15. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+Also, as a **non-portable extension**, any or all of the expressions in the
+header of a for loop may be omitted. If the condition (second expression) is
+omitted, it is assumed to be a constant **1**.
+
+The **break** statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution
+immediately following a loop. This is only allowed in loops.
+
+The **continue** statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to
+the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition. This is only
+allowed in loops.
+
+The **if** **else** statement does the same thing as in C.
+
+The **quit** statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will
+not be executed (it is a compile-time command).
+
+The **halt** statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed. (Unlike **quit**
+if it is on a branch of an **if** statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not
+quit.)
+
+The **limits** statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to. This
+is like the **quit** statement in that it is a compile-time command.
+
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+
+## Print Statement
+
+The "expressions" in a **print** statement may also be strings. If they are, there
+are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially. What those
+sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
+
+-------- -------
+**\\a** **\\a**
+**\\b** **\\b**
+**\\\\** **\\**
+**\\e** **\\**
+**\\f** **\\f**
+**\\n** **\\n**
+**\\q** **"**
+**\\r** **\\r**
+**\\t** **\\t**
+-------- -------
+
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to
+be printed as-is.
+
+Any non-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to **last**,
+like any other expression that is printed.
+
+## Order of Evaluation
+
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary
+to maintain order of operations. This means, for example, assuming that **i** is
+equal to **0**, in the expression
+
+ a[i++] = i++
+
+the first (or 0th) element of **a** is set to **1**, and **i** is equal to **2**
+at the end of the expression.
+
+This includes function arguments. Thus, assuming **i** is equal to **0**, this
+means that in the expression
+
+ x(i++, i++)
+
+the first argument passed to **x()** is **0**, and the second argument is **1**,
+while **i** is equal to **2** before the function starts executing.
+
+# FUNCTIONS
+
+Function definitions are as follows:
+
+```
+define I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return(E)
+}
+```
+
+Any **I** in the parameter list or **auto** list may be replaced with **I[]** to
+make a parameter or **auto** var an array, and any **I** in the parameter list
+may be replaced with **\*I[]** to make a parameter an array reference. Callers
+of functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call;
+they must be called with just **I[]** like normal array parameters and will be
+automatically converted into references.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the opening brace of a **define** statement may
+appear on the next line.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the return statement may also be in one of the
+following forms:
+
+1. **return**
+2. **return** **(** **)**
+3. **return** **E**
+
+The first two, or not specifying a **return** statement, is equivalent to
+**return (0)**, unless the function is a **void** function (see the *Void
+Functions* subsection below).
+
+## Void Functions
+
+Functions can also be **void** functions, defined as follows:
+
+```
+define void I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return
+}
+```
+
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would
+be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+
+Void functions can only use the first two **return** statements listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have
+variables, arrays, and functions named **void**. The word "void" is only
+treated specially right after the **define** keyword.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Array References
+
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
+
+```
+*I[]
+```
+
+it is a **reference**. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected,
+when the function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# LIBRARY
+
+All of the functions below are available when the **-l** or **--mathlib**
+command-line flags are given.
+
+## Standard Library
+
+The [standard][1] defines the following functions for the math library:
+
+**s(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**c(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l(x)**
+
+: Returns the natural logarithm of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**e(x)**
+
+: Returns the mathematical constant **e** raised to the power of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**j(x, n)**
+
+: Returns the bessel integer order **n** (truncated) of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+## Transcendental Functions
+
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1
+[ULP][4]). This is unavoidable, and [this article][5] explains why it is
+impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental
+functions.
+
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions
+with the precision (**scale**) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary. If
+exact results are *absolutely* required, users can double the precision
+(**scale**) and then truncate.
+
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+
+* **s(x)**
+* **c(x)**
+* **a(x)**
+* **l(x)**
+* **e(x)**
+* **j(x, n)**
+
+# RESET
+
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+functions returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to
+start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most bc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This bc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **BC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **BC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+The actual values of **BC_LONG_BIT** and **BC_BASE_DIGS** can be queried with
+the **limits** statement.
+
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **BC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+
+**BC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where bc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **BC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **BC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**BC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+The actual values can be queried with the **limits** statement.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**POSIXLY_CORRECT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+ the **-s** option was given.
+
+**BC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to bc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **BC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+
+ The code that parses **BC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"bc\" file.bc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **BC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**BC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), bc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash (**\\**). The default line
+ length is **70**.
+
+**BC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**) operator and the corresponding assignment operator.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid,
+ giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an
+ invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is
+ not a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection of the
+ **SYNTAX** section), giving an invalid **auto** list, having a duplicate
+ **auto**/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code block,
+ attempting to return a value from a **void** function, attempting to use a
+ variable as a reference, and using any extensions when the option **-s** or
+ any equivalents were given.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, passing the wrong number of
+ arguments to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and
+ attempting to use a **void** function call as a value in an expression.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Per the [standard][1], bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the **COMMAND LINE HISTORY**
+section). It is also required to enable special handling for **SIGINT** signals.
+
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If bc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If bc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals. The one exception is **SIGHUP**; in that
+case, when bc(1) is in TTY mode, a **SIGHUP** will cause bc(1) to clean up and
+exit.
+
+# COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+
+bc(1) supports interactive command-line editing. If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see
+the **TTY MODE** section), history is enabled. Previous lines can be recalled
+and edited with the arrow keys.
+
+**Note**: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+
+# LOCALES
+
+This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales
+and thus, supports **LC_MESSAGES**.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+dc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+bc(1) is compliant with the [IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1]
+specification. The flags **-efghiqsvVw**, all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that
+use a period (**.**) as a radix point, regardless of the value of
+**LC_NUMERIC**.
+
+This bc(1) supports error messages for different locales, and thus, it supports
+**LC_MESSAGES**.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
+[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero
+[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place
+[5]: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EH.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EH.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EH.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1075 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# NAME
+
+bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**bc** [**-ghilPqsvVw**] [**--global-stacks**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--mathlib**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--quiet**] [**--standard**] [**--warn**] [**--version**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...]
+[*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by
+POSIX. (The current standard is [here][1].) The language provides unlimited
+precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the
+command line and executes them before reading from **stdin**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+
+**-g**, **--global-stacks**
+
+ Turns the globals **ibase**, **obase**, and **scale** into stacks.
+
+ This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all three are pushed
+ onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function
+ returns. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those
+ globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+ Thus, a hypothetical function named **output(x,b)** that simply printed
+ **x** in base **b** could be written like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ obase=b
+ x
+ }
+
+ instead of like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ auto c
+ c=obase
+ obase=b
+ x
+ obase=c
+ }
+
+ This makes writing functions much easier.
+
+ However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set **ibase**,
+ **obase**, or **scale** globally, functions that are made to do so cannot
+ work anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a
+ solution.
+
+ First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+ converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+ aliases. Examples:
+
+ alias d2o="bc -e ibase=A -e obase=8"
+ alias h2b="bc -e ibase=G -e obase=2"
+
+ Second, if the purpose of a function is to set **ibase**, **obase**, or
+ **scale** globally for any other purpose, it could be split into one to
+ three functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of those
+ functions could return the desired value for a global.
+
+ If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users
+ could make sure to define **BC_ENV_ARGS** and include this option (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section for more details).
+
+ If **-s**, **-w**, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-l**, **--mathlib**
+
+: Sets **scale** (see the **SYNTAX** section) to **20** and loads the included
+ math library before running any code, including any expressions or files
+ specified on the command line.
+
+ To learn what is in the library, see the **LIBRARY** section.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: Disables the prompt in TTY mode. (The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+ See the **TTY MODE** section) This is mostly for those users that do not
+ want a prompt or are not used to having them in bc(1). Most of those users
+ would want to put this option in **BC_ENV_ARGS** (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-q**, **--quiet**
+
+: Do not print copyright header. bc(1) will also suppress the header in
+ non-interactive mode.
+
+ This is mostly for compatibility with the [GNU bc(1)][2].
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-s**, **--standard**
+
+: Process exactly the language defined by the [standard][1] and error if any
+ extensions are used.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-w**, **--warn**
+
+: Like **-s** and **--standard**, except that warnings (and not errors) are
+ printed for non-standard extensions and execution continues normally.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **bc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **bc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. This
+bc(1) follows the [POSIX standard][1], which is a much more thorough resource
+for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a
+listing of all the extensions to the standard.
+
+In the sections below, **E** means expression, **S** means statement, and **I**
+means identifier.
+
+Identifiers (**I**) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any
+number (up to **BC_NAME_MAX-1**) of lowercase letters (**a-z**), digits
+(**0-9**), and underscores (**\_**). The regex is **\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\***.
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**ibase** is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers. It
+is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers.
+**ibase** is initially **10**. If the **-s** (**--standard**) and **-w**
+(**--warn**) flags were not given on the command line, the max allowable value
+for **ibase** is **36**. Otherwise, it is **16**. The min allowable value for
+**ibase** is **2**. The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in
+bc(1) programs with the **maxibase()** built-in function.
+
+**obase** is a global variable determining how to output results. It is the
+"output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers. **obase** is
+initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is **BC_BASE_MAX** and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxobase()** built-in function. The
+min allowable value for **obase** is **2**. Values are output in the specified
+base.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a global variable that
+sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions. **scale** is initially
+**0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max allowable value for **scale** is
+**BC_SCALE_MAX** and can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxscale()**
+built-in function.
+
+bc(1) has both *global* variables and *local* variables. All *local*
+variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in
+the **auto** list of a function (see the **FUNCTIONS** section). If a variable
+is accessed which is not a parameter or in the **auto** list, it is assumed to
+be *global*. If a parent function has a *local* variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers *global*, the value of that *global* variable in
+the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not the
+value of the actual *global* variable.
+
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an
+assignment operator *and* the expression is notsurrounded by parentheses.
+
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable **last**. A
+single dot (**.**) may also be used as a synonym for **last**. These are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+
+## Comments
+
+There are two kinds of comments:
+
+1. Block comments are enclosed in **/\*** and **\*/**.
+2. Line comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This
+ is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Named Expressions
+
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+
+1. Variables: **I**
+2. Array Elements: **I[E]**
+3. **ibase**
+4. **obase**
+5. **scale**
+6. **last** or a single dot (**.**)
+
+Number 6 is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as
+variables. This also applies to functions (see the **FUNCTIONS** section), so a
+user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and
+they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions or not.
+
+Named expressions are required as the operand of **increment**/**decrement**
+operators and as the left side of **assignment** operators (see the *Operators*
+subsection).
+
+## Operands
+
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+
+1. Numbers (see the *Numbers* subsection below).
+2. Array indices (**I[E]**).
+3. **(E)**: The value of **E** (used to change precedence).
+4. **sqrt(E)**: The square root of **E**. **E** must be non-negative.
+5. **length(E)**: The number of significant decimal digits in **E**.
+6. **length(I[])**: The number of elements in the array **I**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+7. **scale(E)**: The *scale* of **E**.
+8. **abs(E)**: The absolute value of **E**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+9. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a non-**void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+10. **read()**: Reads a line from **stdin** and uses that as an expression. The
+ result of that expression is the result of the **read()** operand. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+11. **maxibase()**: The max allowable **ibase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+12. **maxobase()**: The max allowable **obase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+13. **maxscale()**: The max allowable **scale**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+
+## Numbers
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most **1**
+period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **BC_NUM_MAX** digits. Uppercase
+letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e., **A** equals
+**10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value
+of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **Z** alone always equals decimal
+**35**.
+
+## Operators
+
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used. They are listed in
+order of decreasing precedence. Operators in the same group have the same
+precedence.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: Type: Prefix and Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **increment**, **decrement**
+
+**-** **!**
+
+: Type: Prefix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **negation**, **boolean not**
+
+**\^**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **power**
+
+**\*** **/** **%**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **multiply**, **divide**, **modulus**
+
+**+** **-**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **add**, **subtract**
+
+**=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **assignment**
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **relational**
+
+**&&**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean and**
+
+**||**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean or**
+
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: The prefix and postfix **increment** and **decrement** operators behave
+ exactly like they would in C. They require a named expression (see the
+ *Named Expressions* subsection) as an operand.
+
+ The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where
+ possible.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **negation** operator returns **0** if a user attempts to negate any
+ expression with the value **0**. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with
+ its sign flipped is returned.
+
+**!**
+
+: The **boolean not** operator returns **1** if the expression is **0**, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The **power** operator (not the **exclusive or** operator, as it would be in
+ C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of
+ the second.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*), and if it is
+ negative, the first value must be non-zero.
+
+**\***
+
+: The **multiply** operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and
+ returns the product. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result is
+ equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The **divide** operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the
+ quotient. The *scale* of the result shall be the value of **scale**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The **modulus** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ evaluates them by 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale** and 2) Using the
+ result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**+**
+
+: The **add** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and returns the
+ sum, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of **a** and **b**.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **subtract** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns the difference, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of
+ **a** and **b**.
+
+**=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=**
+
+: The **assignment** operators take two expressions, **a** and **b** where
+ **a** is a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection).
+
+ For **=**, **b** is copied and the result is assigned to **a**. For all
+ others, **a** and **b** are applied as operands to the corresponding
+ arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to **a**.
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: The **relational** operators compare two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ if the relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is
+ **1**. Otherwise, it is **0**.
+
+ Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+ **assignment** operators, which means that **a=b\>c** is interpreted as
+ **(a=b)\>c**.
+
+ Also, unlike the [standard][1] requires, these operators can appear anywhere
+ any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**&&**
+
+: The **boolean and** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if both
+ expressions are non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**||**
+
+: The **boolean or** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if one
+ of the expressions is non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Statements
+
+The following items are statements:
+
+1. **E**
+2. **{** **S** **;** ... **;** **S** **}**
+3. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+4. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S** **else** **S**
+5. **while** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+6. **for** **(** **E** **;** **E** **;** **E** **)** **S**
+7. An empty statement
+8. **break**
+9. **continue**
+10. **quit**
+11. **halt**
+12. **limits**
+13. A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+14. **print** **E** **,** ... **,** **E**
+15. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+Also, as a **non-portable extension**, any or all of the expressions in the
+header of a for loop may be omitted. If the condition (second expression) is
+omitted, it is assumed to be a constant **1**.
+
+The **break** statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution
+immediately following a loop. This is only allowed in loops.
+
+The **continue** statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to
+the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition. This is only
+allowed in loops.
+
+The **if** **else** statement does the same thing as in C.
+
+The **quit** statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will
+not be executed (it is a compile-time command).
+
+The **halt** statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed. (Unlike **quit**
+if it is on a branch of an **if** statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not
+quit.)
+
+The **limits** statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to. This
+is like the **quit** statement in that it is a compile-time command.
+
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+
+## Print Statement
+
+The "expressions" in a **print** statement may also be strings. If they are, there
+are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially. What those
+sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
+
+-------- -------
+**\\a** **\\a**
+**\\b** **\\b**
+**\\\\** **\\**
+**\\e** **\\**
+**\\f** **\\f**
+**\\n** **\\n**
+**\\q** **"**
+**\\r** **\\r**
+**\\t** **\\t**
+-------- -------
+
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to
+be printed as-is.
+
+Any non-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to **last**,
+like any other expression that is printed.
+
+## Order of Evaluation
+
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary
+to maintain order of operations. This means, for example, assuming that **i** is
+equal to **0**, in the expression
+
+ a[i++] = i++
+
+the first (or 0th) element of **a** is set to **1**, and **i** is equal to **2**
+at the end of the expression.
+
+This includes function arguments. Thus, assuming **i** is equal to **0**, this
+means that in the expression
+
+ x(i++, i++)
+
+the first argument passed to **x()** is **0**, and the second argument is **1**,
+while **i** is equal to **2** before the function starts executing.
+
+# FUNCTIONS
+
+Function definitions are as follows:
+
+```
+define I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return(E)
+}
+```
+
+Any **I** in the parameter list or **auto** list may be replaced with **I[]** to
+make a parameter or **auto** var an array, and any **I** in the parameter list
+may be replaced with **\*I[]** to make a parameter an array reference. Callers
+of functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call;
+they must be called with just **I[]** like normal array parameters and will be
+automatically converted into references.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the opening brace of a **define** statement may
+appear on the next line.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the return statement may also be in one of the
+following forms:
+
+1. **return**
+2. **return** **(** **)**
+3. **return** **E**
+
+The first two, or not specifying a **return** statement, is equivalent to
+**return (0)**, unless the function is a **void** function (see the *Void
+Functions* subsection below).
+
+## Void Functions
+
+Functions can also be **void** functions, defined as follows:
+
+```
+define void I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return
+}
+```
+
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would
+be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+
+Void functions can only use the first two **return** statements listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have
+variables, arrays, and functions named **void**. The word "void" is only
+treated specially right after the **define** keyword.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Array References
+
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
+
+```
+*I[]
+```
+
+it is a **reference**. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected,
+when the function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# LIBRARY
+
+All of the functions below are available when the **-l** or **--mathlib**
+command-line flags are given.
+
+## Standard Library
+
+The [standard][1] defines the following functions for the math library:
+
+**s(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**c(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l(x)**
+
+: Returns the natural logarithm of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**e(x)**
+
+: Returns the mathematical constant **e** raised to the power of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**j(x, n)**
+
+: Returns the bessel integer order **n** (truncated) of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+## Transcendental Functions
+
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1
+[ULP][4]). This is unavoidable, and [this article][5] explains why it is
+impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental
+functions.
+
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions
+with the precision (**scale**) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary. If
+exact results are *absolutely* required, users can double the precision
+(**scale**) and then truncate.
+
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+
+* **s(x)**
+* **c(x)**
+* **a(x)**
+* **l(x)**
+* **e(x)**
+* **j(x, n)**
+
+# RESET
+
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+functions returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to
+start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most bc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This bc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **BC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **BC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+The actual values of **BC_LONG_BIT** and **BC_BASE_DIGS** can be queried with
+the **limits** statement.
+
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **BC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+
+**BC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where bc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **BC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **BC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**BC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+The actual values can be queried with the **limits** statement.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**POSIXLY_CORRECT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+ the **-s** option was given.
+
+**BC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to bc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **BC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+
+ The code that parses **BC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"bc\" file.bc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **BC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**BC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), bc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash (**\\**). The default line
+ length is **70**.
+
+**BC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**) operator and the corresponding assignment operator.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid,
+ giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an
+ invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is
+ not a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection of the
+ **SYNTAX** section), giving an invalid **auto** list, having a duplicate
+ **auto**/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code block,
+ attempting to return a value from a **void** function, attempting to use a
+ variable as a reference, and using any extensions when the option **-s** or
+ any equivalents were given.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, passing the wrong number of
+ arguments to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and
+ attempting to use a **void** function call as a value in an expression.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Per the [standard][1], bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If bc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If bc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals.
+
+# LOCALES
+
+This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales
+and thus, supports **LC_MESSAGES**.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+dc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+bc(1) is compliant with the [IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1]
+specification. The flags **-efghiqsvVw**, all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that
+use a period (**.**) as a radix point, regardless of the value of
+**LC_NUMERIC**.
+
+This bc(1) supports error messages for different locales, and thus, it supports
+**LC_MESSAGES**.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
+[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero
+[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place
+[5]: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHN.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHN.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHN.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1067 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# NAME
+
+bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**bc** [**-ghilPqsvVw**] [**--global-stacks**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--mathlib**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--quiet**] [**--standard**] [**--warn**] [**--version**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...]
+[*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by
+POSIX. (The current standard is [here][1].) The language provides unlimited
+precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the
+command line and executes them before reading from **stdin**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+
+**-g**, **--global-stacks**
+
+ Turns the globals **ibase**, **obase**, and **scale** into stacks.
+
+ This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all three are pushed
+ onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function
+ returns. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those
+ globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+ Thus, a hypothetical function named **output(x,b)** that simply printed
+ **x** in base **b** could be written like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ obase=b
+ x
+ }
+
+ instead of like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ auto c
+ c=obase
+ obase=b
+ x
+ obase=c
+ }
+
+ This makes writing functions much easier.
+
+ However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set **ibase**,
+ **obase**, or **scale** globally, functions that are made to do so cannot
+ work anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a
+ solution.
+
+ First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+ converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+ aliases. Examples:
+
+ alias d2o="bc -e ibase=A -e obase=8"
+ alias h2b="bc -e ibase=G -e obase=2"
+
+ Second, if the purpose of a function is to set **ibase**, **obase**, or
+ **scale** globally for any other purpose, it could be split into one to
+ three functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of those
+ functions could return the desired value for a global.
+
+ If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users
+ could make sure to define **BC_ENV_ARGS** and include this option (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section for more details).
+
+ If **-s**, **-w**, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-l**, **--mathlib**
+
+: Sets **scale** (see the **SYNTAX** section) to **20** and loads the included
+ math library before running any code, including any expressions or files
+ specified on the command line.
+
+ To learn what is in the library, see the **LIBRARY** section.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: Disables the prompt in TTY mode. (The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+ See the **TTY MODE** section) This is mostly for those users that do not
+ want a prompt or are not used to having them in bc(1). Most of those users
+ would want to put this option in **BC_ENV_ARGS** (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-q**, **--quiet**
+
+: Do not print copyright header. bc(1) will also suppress the header in
+ non-interactive mode.
+
+ This is mostly for compatibility with the [GNU bc(1)][2].
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-s**, **--standard**
+
+: Process exactly the language defined by the [standard][1] and error if any
+ extensions are used.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-w**, **--warn**
+
+: Like **-s** and **--standard**, except that warnings (and not errors) are
+ printed for non-standard extensions and execution continues normally.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **bc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **bc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. This
+bc(1) follows the [POSIX standard][1], which is a much more thorough resource
+for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a
+listing of all the extensions to the standard.
+
+In the sections below, **E** means expression, **S** means statement, and **I**
+means identifier.
+
+Identifiers (**I**) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any
+number (up to **BC_NAME_MAX-1**) of lowercase letters (**a-z**), digits
+(**0-9**), and underscores (**\_**). The regex is **\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\***.
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**ibase** is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers. It
+is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers.
+**ibase** is initially **10**. If the **-s** (**--standard**) and **-w**
+(**--warn**) flags were not given on the command line, the max allowable value
+for **ibase** is **36**. Otherwise, it is **16**. The min allowable value for
+**ibase** is **2**. The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in
+bc(1) programs with the **maxibase()** built-in function.
+
+**obase** is a global variable determining how to output results. It is the
+"output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers. **obase** is
+initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is **BC_BASE_MAX** and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxobase()** built-in function. The
+min allowable value for **obase** is **2**. Values are output in the specified
+base.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a global variable that
+sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions. **scale** is initially
+**0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max allowable value for **scale** is
+**BC_SCALE_MAX** and can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxscale()**
+built-in function.
+
+bc(1) has both *global* variables and *local* variables. All *local*
+variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in
+the **auto** list of a function (see the **FUNCTIONS** section). If a variable
+is accessed which is not a parameter or in the **auto** list, it is assumed to
+be *global*. If a parent function has a *local* variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers *global*, the value of that *global* variable in
+the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not the
+value of the actual *global* variable.
+
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an
+assignment operator *and* the expression is notsurrounded by parentheses.
+
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable **last**. A
+single dot (**.**) may also be used as a synonym for **last**. These are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+
+## Comments
+
+There are two kinds of comments:
+
+1. Block comments are enclosed in **/\*** and **\*/**.
+2. Line comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This
+ is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Named Expressions
+
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+
+1. Variables: **I**
+2. Array Elements: **I[E]**
+3. **ibase**
+4. **obase**
+5. **scale**
+6. **last** or a single dot (**.**)
+
+Number 6 is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as
+variables. This also applies to functions (see the **FUNCTIONS** section), so a
+user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and
+they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions or not.
+
+Named expressions are required as the operand of **increment**/**decrement**
+operators and as the left side of **assignment** operators (see the *Operators*
+subsection).
+
+## Operands
+
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+
+1. Numbers (see the *Numbers* subsection below).
+2. Array indices (**I[E]**).
+3. **(E)**: The value of **E** (used to change precedence).
+4. **sqrt(E)**: The square root of **E**. **E** must be non-negative.
+5. **length(E)**: The number of significant decimal digits in **E**.
+6. **length(I[])**: The number of elements in the array **I**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+7. **scale(E)**: The *scale* of **E**.
+8. **abs(E)**: The absolute value of **E**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+9. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a non-**void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+10. **read()**: Reads a line from **stdin** and uses that as an expression. The
+ result of that expression is the result of the **read()** operand. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+11. **maxibase()**: The max allowable **ibase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+12. **maxobase()**: The max allowable **obase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+13. **maxscale()**: The max allowable **scale**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+
+## Numbers
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most **1**
+period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **BC_NUM_MAX** digits. Uppercase
+letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e., **A** equals
+**10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value
+of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **Z** alone always equals decimal
+**35**.
+
+## Operators
+
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used. They are listed in
+order of decreasing precedence. Operators in the same group have the same
+precedence.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: Type: Prefix and Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **increment**, **decrement**
+
+**-** **!**
+
+: Type: Prefix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **negation**, **boolean not**
+
+**\^**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **power**
+
+**\*** **/** **%**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **multiply**, **divide**, **modulus**
+
+**+** **-**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **add**, **subtract**
+
+**=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **assignment**
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **relational**
+
+**&&**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean and**
+
+**||**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean or**
+
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: The prefix and postfix **increment** and **decrement** operators behave
+ exactly like they would in C. They require a named expression (see the
+ *Named Expressions* subsection) as an operand.
+
+ The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where
+ possible.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **negation** operator returns **0** if a user attempts to negate any
+ expression with the value **0**. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with
+ its sign flipped is returned.
+
+**!**
+
+: The **boolean not** operator returns **1** if the expression is **0**, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The **power** operator (not the **exclusive or** operator, as it would be in
+ C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of
+ the second.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*), and if it is
+ negative, the first value must be non-zero.
+
+**\***
+
+: The **multiply** operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and
+ returns the product. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result is
+ equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The **divide** operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the
+ quotient. The *scale* of the result shall be the value of **scale**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The **modulus** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ evaluates them by 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale** and 2) Using the
+ result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**+**
+
+: The **add** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and returns the
+ sum, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of **a** and **b**.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **subtract** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns the difference, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of
+ **a** and **b**.
+
+**=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=**
+
+: The **assignment** operators take two expressions, **a** and **b** where
+ **a** is a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection).
+
+ For **=**, **b** is copied and the result is assigned to **a**. For all
+ others, **a** and **b** are applied as operands to the corresponding
+ arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to **a**.
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: The **relational** operators compare two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ if the relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is
+ **1**. Otherwise, it is **0**.
+
+ Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+ **assignment** operators, which means that **a=b\>c** is interpreted as
+ **(a=b)\>c**.
+
+ Also, unlike the [standard][1] requires, these operators can appear anywhere
+ any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**&&**
+
+: The **boolean and** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if both
+ expressions are non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**||**
+
+: The **boolean or** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if one
+ of the expressions is non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Statements
+
+The following items are statements:
+
+1. **E**
+2. **{** **S** **;** ... **;** **S** **}**
+3. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+4. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S** **else** **S**
+5. **while** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+6. **for** **(** **E** **;** **E** **;** **E** **)** **S**
+7. An empty statement
+8. **break**
+9. **continue**
+10. **quit**
+11. **halt**
+12. **limits**
+13. A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+14. **print** **E** **,** ... **,** **E**
+15. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+Also, as a **non-portable extension**, any or all of the expressions in the
+header of a for loop may be omitted. If the condition (second expression) is
+omitted, it is assumed to be a constant **1**.
+
+The **break** statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution
+immediately following a loop. This is only allowed in loops.
+
+The **continue** statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to
+the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition. This is only
+allowed in loops.
+
+The **if** **else** statement does the same thing as in C.
+
+The **quit** statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will
+not be executed (it is a compile-time command).
+
+The **halt** statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed. (Unlike **quit**
+if it is on a branch of an **if** statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not
+quit.)
+
+The **limits** statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to. This
+is like the **quit** statement in that it is a compile-time command.
+
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+
+## Print Statement
+
+The "expressions" in a **print** statement may also be strings. If they are, there
+are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially. What those
+sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
+
+-------- -------
+**\\a** **\\a**
+**\\b** **\\b**
+**\\\\** **\\**
+**\\e** **\\**
+**\\f** **\\f**
+**\\n** **\\n**
+**\\q** **"**
+**\\r** **\\r**
+**\\t** **\\t**
+-------- -------
+
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to
+be printed as-is.
+
+Any non-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to **last**,
+like any other expression that is printed.
+
+## Order of Evaluation
+
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary
+to maintain order of operations. This means, for example, assuming that **i** is
+equal to **0**, in the expression
+
+ a[i++] = i++
+
+the first (or 0th) element of **a** is set to **1**, and **i** is equal to **2**
+at the end of the expression.
+
+This includes function arguments. Thus, assuming **i** is equal to **0**, this
+means that in the expression
+
+ x(i++, i++)
+
+the first argument passed to **x()** is **0**, and the second argument is **1**,
+while **i** is equal to **2** before the function starts executing.
+
+# FUNCTIONS
+
+Function definitions are as follows:
+
+```
+define I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return(E)
+}
+```
+
+Any **I** in the parameter list or **auto** list may be replaced with **I[]** to
+make a parameter or **auto** var an array, and any **I** in the parameter list
+may be replaced with **\*I[]** to make a parameter an array reference. Callers
+of functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call;
+they must be called with just **I[]** like normal array parameters and will be
+automatically converted into references.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the opening brace of a **define** statement may
+appear on the next line.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the return statement may also be in one of the
+following forms:
+
+1. **return**
+2. **return** **(** **)**
+3. **return** **E**
+
+The first two, or not specifying a **return** statement, is equivalent to
+**return (0)**, unless the function is a **void** function (see the *Void
+Functions* subsection below).
+
+## Void Functions
+
+Functions can also be **void** functions, defined as follows:
+
+```
+define void I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return
+}
+```
+
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would
+be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+
+Void functions can only use the first two **return** statements listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have
+variables, arrays, and functions named **void**. The word "void" is only
+treated specially right after the **define** keyword.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Array References
+
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
+
+```
+*I[]
+```
+
+it is a **reference**. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected,
+when the function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# LIBRARY
+
+All of the functions below are available when the **-l** or **--mathlib**
+command-line flags are given.
+
+## Standard Library
+
+The [standard][1] defines the following functions for the math library:
+
+**s(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**c(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l(x)**
+
+: Returns the natural logarithm of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**e(x)**
+
+: Returns the mathematical constant **e** raised to the power of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**j(x, n)**
+
+: Returns the bessel integer order **n** (truncated) of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+## Transcendental Functions
+
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1
+[ULP][4]). This is unavoidable, and [this article][5] explains why it is
+impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental
+functions.
+
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions
+with the precision (**scale**) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary. If
+exact results are *absolutely* required, users can double the precision
+(**scale**) and then truncate.
+
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+
+* **s(x)**
+* **c(x)**
+* **a(x)**
+* **l(x)**
+* **e(x)**
+* **j(x, n)**
+
+# RESET
+
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+functions returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to
+start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most bc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This bc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **BC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **BC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+The actual values of **BC_LONG_BIT** and **BC_BASE_DIGS** can be queried with
+the **limits** statement.
+
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **BC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+
+**BC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where bc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **BC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **BC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**BC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+The actual values can be queried with the **limits** statement.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**POSIXLY_CORRECT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+ the **-s** option was given.
+
+**BC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to bc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **BC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+
+ The code that parses **BC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"bc\" file.bc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **BC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**BC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), bc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash (**\\**). The default line
+ length is **70**.
+
+**BC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**) operator and the corresponding assignment operator.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid,
+ giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an
+ invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is
+ not a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection of the
+ **SYNTAX** section), giving an invalid **auto** list, having a duplicate
+ **auto**/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code block,
+ attempting to return a value from a **void** function, attempting to use a
+ variable as a reference, and using any extensions when the option **-s** or
+ any equivalents were given.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, passing the wrong number of
+ arguments to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and
+ attempting to use a **void** function call as a value in an expression.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Per the [standard][1], bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If bc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If bc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+dc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+bc(1) is compliant with the [IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1]
+specification. The flags **-efghiqsvVw**, all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that
+use a period (**.**) as a radix point, regardless of the value of
+**LC_NUMERIC**.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
+[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero
+[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place
+[5]: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHNP.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHNP.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHNP.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1061 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# NAME
+
+bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**bc** [**-ghilPqsvVw**] [**--global-stacks**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--mathlib**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--quiet**] [**--standard**] [**--warn**] [**--version**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...]
+[*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by
+POSIX. (The current standard is [here][1].) The language provides unlimited
+precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the
+command line and executes them before reading from **stdin**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+
+**-g**, **--global-stacks**
+
+ Turns the globals **ibase**, **obase**, and **scale** into stacks.
+
+ This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all three are pushed
+ onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function
+ returns. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those
+ globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+ Thus, a hypothetical function named **output(x,b)** that simply printed
+ **x** in base **b** could be written like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ obase=b
+ x
+ }
+
+ instead of like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ auto c
+ c=obase
+ obase=b
+ x
+ obase=c
+ }
+
+ This makes writing functions much easier.
+
+ However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set **ibase**,
+ **obase**, or **scale** globally, functions that are made to do so cannot
+ work anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a
+ solution.
+
+ First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+ converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+ aliases. Examples:
+
+ alias d2o="bc -e ibase=A -e obase=8"
+ alias h2b="bc -e ibase=G -e obase=2"
+
+ Second, if the purpose of a function is to set **ibase**, **obase**, or
+ **scale** globally for any other purpose, it could be split into one to
+ three functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of those
+ functions could return the desired value for a global.
+
+ If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users
+ could make sure to define **BC_ENV_ARGS** and include this option (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section for more details).
+
+ If **-s**, **-w**, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-l**, **--mathlib**
+
+: Sets **scale** (see the **SYNTAX** section) to **20** and loads the included
+ math library before running any code, including any expressions or files
+ specified on the command line.
+
+ To learn what is in the library, see the **LIBRARY** section.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: This option is a no-op.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-q**, **--quiet**
+
+: Do not print copyright header. bc(1) will also suppress the header in
+ non-interactive mode.
+
+ This is mostly for compatibility with the [GNU bc(1)][2].
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-s**, **--standard**
+
+: Process exactly the language defined by the [standard][1] and error if any
+ extensions are used.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-w**, **--warn**
+
+: Like **-s** and **--standard**, except that warnings (and not errors) are
+ printed for non-standard extensions and execution continues normally.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **bc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **bc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. This
+bc(1) follows the [POSIX standard][1], which is a much more thorough resource
+for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a
+listing of all the extensions to the standard.
+
+In the sections below, **E** means expression, **S** means statement, and **I**
+means identifier.
+
+Identifiers (**I**) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any
+number (up to **BC_NAME_MAX-1**) of lowercase letters (**a-z**), digits
+(**0-9**), and underscores (**\_**). The regex is **\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\***.
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**ibase** is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers. It
+is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers.
+**ibase** is initially **10**. If the **-s** (**--standard**) and **-w**
+(**--warn**) flags were not given on the command line, the max allowable value
+for **ibase** is **36**. Otherwise, it is **16**. The min allowable value for
+**ibase** is **2**. The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in
+bc(1) programs with the **maxibase()** built-in function.
+
+**obase** is a global variable determining how to output results. It is the
+"output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers. **obase** is
+initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is **BC_BASE_MAX** and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxobase()** built-in function. The
+min allowable value for **obase** is **2**. Values are output in the specified
+base.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a global variable that
+sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions. **scale** is initially
+**0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max allowable value for **scale** is
+**BC_SCALE_MAX** and can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxscale()**
+built-in function.
+
+bc(1) has both *global* variables and *local* variables. All *local*
+variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in
+the **auto** list of a function (see the **FUNCTIONS** section). If a variable
+is accessed which is not a parameter or in the **auto** list, it is assumed to
+be *global*. If a parent function has a *local* variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers *global*, the value of that *global* variable in
+the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not the
+value of the actual *global* variable.
+
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an
+assignment operator *and* the expression is notsurrounded by parentheses.
+
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable **last**. A
+single dot (**.**) may also be used as a synonym for **last**. These are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+
+## Comments
+
+There are two kinds of comments:
+
+1. Block comments are enclosed in **/\*** and **\*/**.
+2. Line comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This
+ is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Named Expressions
+
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+
+1. Variables: **I**
+2. Array Elements: **I[E]**
+3. **ibase**
+4. **obase**
+5. **scale**
+6. **last** or a single dot (**.**)
+
+Number 6 is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as
+variables. This also applies to functions (see the **FUNCTIONS** section), so a
+user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and
+they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions or not.
+
+Named expressions are required as the operand of **increment**/**decrement**
+operators and as the left side of **assignment** operators (see the *Operators*
+subsection).
+
+## Operands
+
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+
+1. Numbers (see the *Numbers* subsection below).
+2. Array indices (**I[E]**).
+3. **(E)**: The value of **E** (used to change precedence).
+4. **sqrt(E)**: The square root of **E**. **E** must be non-negative.
+5. **length(E)**: The number of significant decimal digits in **E**.
+6. **length(I[])**: The number of elements in the array **I**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+7. **scale(E)**: The *scale* of **E**.
+8. **abs(E)**: The absolute value of **E**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+9. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a non-**void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+10. **read()**: Reads a line from **stdin** and uses that as an expression. The
+ result of that expression is the result of the **read()** operand. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+11. **maxibase()**: The max allowable **ibase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+12. **maxobase()**: The max allowable **obase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+13. **maxscale()**: The max allowable **scale**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+
+## Numbers
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most **1**
+period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **BC_NUM_MAX** digits. Uppercase
+letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e., **A** equals
+**10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value
+of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **Z** alone always equals decimal
+**35**.
+
+## Operators
+
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used. They are listed in
+order of decreasing precedence. Operators in the same group have the same
+precedence.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: Type: Prefix and Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **increment**, **decrement**
+
+**-** **!**
+
+: Type: Prefix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **negation**, **boolean not**
+
+**\^**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **power**
+
+**\*** **/** **%**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **multiply**, **divide**, **modulus**
+
+**+** **-**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **add**, **subtract**
+
+**=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **assignment**
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **relational**
+
+**&&**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean and**
+
+**||**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean or**
+
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: The prefix and postfix **increment** and **decrement** operators behave
+ exactly like they would in C. They require a named expression (see the
+ *Named Expressions* subsection) as an operand.
+
+ The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where
+ possible.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **negation** operator returns **0** if a user attempts to negate any
+ expression with the value **0**. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with
+ its sign flipped is returned.
+
+**!**
+
+: The **boolean not** operator returns **1** if the expression is **0**, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The **power** operator (not the **exclusive or** operator, as it would be in
+ C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of
+ the second.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*), and if it is
+ negative, the first value must be non-zero.
+
+**\***
+
+: The **multiply** operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and
+ returns the product. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result is
+ equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The **divide** operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the
+ quotient. The *scale* of the result shall be the value of **scale**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The **modulus** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ evaluates them by 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale** and 2) Using the
+ result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**+**
+
+: The **add** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and returns the
+ sum, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of **a** and **b**.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **subtract** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns the difference, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of
+ **a** and **b**.
+
+**=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=**
+
+: The **assignment** operators take two expressions, **a** and **b** where
+ **a** is a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection).
+
+ For **=**, **b** is copied and the result is assigned to **a**. For all
+ others, **a** and **b** are applied as operands to the corresponding
+ arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to **a**.
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: The **relational** operators compare two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ if the relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is
+ **1**. Otherwise, it is **0**.
+
+ Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+ **assignment** operators, which means that **a=b\>c** is interpreted as
+ **(a=b)\>c**.
+
+ Also, unlike the [standard][1] requires, these operators can appear anywhere
+ any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**&&**
+
+: The **boolean and** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if both
+ expressions are non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**||**
+
+: The **boolean or** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if one
+ of the expressions is non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Statements
+
+The following items are statements:
+
+1. **E**
+2. **{** **S** **;** ... **;** **S** **}**
+3. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+4. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S** **else** **S**
+5. **while** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+6. **for** **(** **E** **;** **E** **;** **E** **)** **S**
+7. An empty statement
+8. **break**
+9. **continue**
+10. **quit**
+11. **halt**
+12. **limits**
+13. A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+14. **print** **E** **,** ... **,** **E**
+15. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+Also, as a **non-portable extension**, any or all of the expressions in the
+header of a for loop may be omitted. If the condition (second expression) is
+omitted, it is assumed to be a constant **1**.
+
+The **break** statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution
+immediately following a loop. This is only allowed in loops.
+
+The **continue** statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to
+the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition. This is only
+allowed in loops.
+
+The **if** **else** statement does the same thing as in C.
+
+The **quit** statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will
+not be executed (it is a compile-time command).
+
+The **halt** statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed. (Unlike **quit**
+if it is on a branch of an **if** statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not
+quit.)
+
+The **limits** statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to. This
+is like the **quit** statement in that it is a compile-time command.
+
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+
+## Print Statement
+
+The "expressions" in a **print** statement may also be strings. If they are, there
+are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially. What those
+sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
+
+-------- -------
+**\\a** **\\a**
+**\\b** **\\b**
+**\\\\** **\\**
+**\\e** **\\**
+**\\f** **\\f**
+**\\n** **\\n**
+**\\q** **"**
+**\\r** **\\r**
+**\\t** **\\t**
+-------- -------
+
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to
+be printed as-is.
+
+Any non-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to **last**,
+like any other expression that is printed.
+
+## Order of Evaluation
+
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary
+to maintain order of operations. This means, for example, assuming that **i** is
+equal to **0**, in the expression
+
+ a[i++] = i++
+
+the first (or 0th) element of **a** is set to **1**, and **i** is equal to **2**
+at the end of the expression.
+
+This includes function arguments. Thus, assuming **i** is equal to **0**, this
+means that in the expression
+
+ x(i++, i++)
+
+the first argument passed to **x()** is **0**, and the second argument is **1**,
+while **i** is equal to **2** before the function starts executing.
+
+# FUNCTIONS
+
+Function definitions are as follows:
+
+```
+define I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return(E)
+}
+```
+
+Any **I** in the parameter list or **auto** list may be replaced with **I[]** to
+make a parameter or **auto** var an array, and any **I** in the parameter list
+may be replaced with **\*I[]** to make a parameter an array reference. Callers
+of functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call;
+they must be called with just **I[]** like normal array parameters and will be
+automatically converted into references.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the opening brace of a **define** statement may
+appear on the next line.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the return statement may also be in one of the
+following forms:
+
+1. **return**
+2. **return** **(** **)**
+3. **return** **E**
+
+The first two, or not specifying a **return** statement, is equivalent to
+**return (0)**, unless the function is a **void** function (see the *Void
+Functions* subsection below).
+
+## Void Functions
+
+Functions can also be **void** functions, defined as follows:
+
+```
+define void I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return
+}
+```
+
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would
+be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+
+Void functions can only use the first two **return** statements listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have
+variables, arrays, and functions named **void**. The word "void" is only
+treated specially right after the **define** keyword.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Array References
+
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
+
+```
+*I[]
+```
+
+it is a **reference**. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected,
+when the function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# LIBRARY
+
+All of the functions below are available when the **-l** or **--mathlib**
+command-line flags are given.
+
+## Standard Library
+
+The [standard][1] defines the following functions for the math library:
+
+**s(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**c(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l(x)**
+
+: Returns the natural logarithm of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**e(x)**
+
+: Returns the mathematical constant **e** raised to the power of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**j(x, n)**
+
+: Returns the bessel integer order **n** (truncated) of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+## Transcendental Functions
+
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1
+[ULP][4]). This is unavoidable, and [this article][5] explains why it is
+impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental
+functions.
+
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions
+with the precision (**scale**) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary. If
+exact results are *absolutely* required, users can double the precision
+(**scale**) and then truncate.
+
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+
+* **s(x)**
+* **c(x)**
+* **a(x)**
+* **l(x)**
+* **e(x)**
+* **j(x, n)**
+
+# RESET
+
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+functions returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to
+start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most bc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This bc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **BC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **BC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+The actual values of **BC_LONG_BIT** and **BC_BASE_DIGS** can be queried with
+the **limits** statement.
+
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **BC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+
+**BC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where bc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **BC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **BC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**BC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+The actual values can be queried with the **limits** statement.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**POSIXLY_CORRECT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+ the **-s** option was given.
+
+**BC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to bc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **BC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+
+ The code that parses **BC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"bc\" file.bc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **BC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**BC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), bc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash (**\\**). The default line
+ length is **70**.
+
+**BC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**) operator and the corresponding assignment operator.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid,
+ giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an
+ invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is
+ not a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection of the
+ **SYNTAX** section), giving an invalid **auto** list, having a duplicate
+ **auto**/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code block,
+ attempting to return a value from a **void** function, attempting to use a
+ variable as a reference, and using any extensions when the option **-s** or
+ any equivalents were given.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, passing the wrong number of
+ arguments to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and
+ attempting to use a **void** function call as a value in an expression.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Per the [standard][1], bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If bc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If bc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+dc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+bc(1) is compliant with the [IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1]
+specification. The flags **-efghiqsvVw**, all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that
+use a period (**.**) as a radix point, regardless of the value of
+**LC_NUMERIC**.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
+[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero
+[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place
+[5]: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHP.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHP.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EHP.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1069 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# NAME
+
+bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**bc** [**-ghilPqsvVw**] [**--global-stacks**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--mathlib**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--quiet**] [**--standard**] [**--warn**] [**--version**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...]
+[*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by
+POSIX. (The current standard is [here][1].) The language provides unlimited
+precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the
+command line and executes them before reading from **stdin**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+
+**-g**, **--global-stacks**
+
+ Turns the globals **ibase**, **obase**, and **scale** into stacks.
+
+ This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all three are pushed
+ onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function
+ returns. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those
+ globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+ Thus, a hypothetical function named **output(x,b)** that simply printed
+ **x** in base **b** could be written like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ obase=b
+ x
+ }
+
+ instead of like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ auto c
+ c=obase
+ obase=b
+ x
+ obase=c
+ }
+
+ This makes writing functions much easier.
+
+ However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set **ibase**,
+ **obase**, or **scale** globally, functions that are made to do so cannot
+ work anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a
+ solution.
+
+ First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+ converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+ aliases. Examples:
+
+ alias d2o="bc -e ibase=A -e obase=8"
+ alias h2b="bc -e ibase=G -e obase=2"
+
+ Second, if the purpose of a function is to set **ibase**, **obase**, or
+ **scale** globally for any other purpose, it could be split into one to
+ three functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of those
+ functions could return the desired value for a global.
+
+ If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users
+ could make sure to define **BC_ENV_ARGS** and include this option (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section for more details).
+
+ If **-s**, **-w**, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-l**, **--mathlib**
+
+: Sets **scale** (see the **SYNTAX** section) to **20** and loads the included
+ math library before running any code, including any expressions or files
+ specified on the command line.
+
+ To learn what is in the library, see the **LIBRARY** section.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: This option is a no-op.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-q**, **--quiet**
+
+: Do not print copyright header. bc(1) will also suppress the header in
+ non-interactive mode.
+
+ This is mostly for compatibility with the [GNU bc(1)][2].
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-s**, **--standard**
+
+: Process exactly the language defined by the [standard][1] and error if any
+ extensions are used.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-w**, **--warn**
+
+: Like **-s** and **--standard**, except that warnings (and not errors) are
+ printed for non-standard extensions and execution continues normally.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **bc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **bc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. This
+bc(1) follows the [POSIX standard][1], which is a much more thorough resource
+for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a
+listing of all the extensions to the standard.
+
+In the sections below, **E** means expression, **S** means statement, and **I**
+means identifier.
+
+Identifiers (**I**) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any
+number (up to **BC_NAME_MAX-1**) of lowercase letters (**a-z**), digits
+(**0-9**), and underscores (**\_**). The regex is **\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\***.
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**ibase** is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers. It
+is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers.
+**ibase** is initially **10**. If the **-s** (**--standard**) and **-w**
+(**--warn**) flags were not given on the command line, the max allowable value
+for **ibase** is **36**. Otherwise, it is **16**. The min allowable value for
+**ibase** is **2**. The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in
+bc(1) programs with the **maxibase()** built-in function.
+
+**obase** is a global variable determining how to output results. It is the
+"output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers. **obase** is
+initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is **BC_BASE_MAX** and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxobase()** built-in function. The
+min allowable value for **obase** is **2**. Values are output in the specified
+base.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a global variable that
+sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions. **scale** is initially
+**0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max allowable value for **scale** is
+**BC_SCALE_MAX** and can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxscale()**
+built-in function.
+
+bc(1) has both *global* variables and *local* variables. All *local*
+variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in
+the **auto** list of a function (see the **FUNCTIONS** section). If a variable
+is accessed which is not a parameter or in the **auto** list, it is assumed to
+be *global*. If a parent function has a *local* variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers *global*, the value of that *global* variable in
+the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not the
+value of the actual *global* variable.
+
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an
+assignment operator *and* the expression is notsurrounded by parentheses.
+
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable **last**. A
+single dot (**.**) may also be used as a synonym for **last**. These are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+
+## Comments
+
+There are two kinds of comments:
+
+1. Block comments are enclosed in **/\*** and **\*/**.
+2. Line comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This
+ is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Named Expressions
+
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+
+1. Variables: **I**
+2. Array Elements: **I[E]**
+3. **ibase**
+4. **obase**
+5. **scale**
+6. **last** or a single dot (**.**)
+
+Number 6 is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as
+variables. This also applies to functions (see the **FUNCTIONS** section), so a
+user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and
+they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions or not.
+
+Named expressions are required as the operand of **increment**/**decrement**
+operators and as the left side of **assignment** operators (see the *Operators*
+subsection).
+
+## Operands
+
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+
+1. Numbers (see the *Numbers* subsection below).
+2. Array indices (**I[E]**).
+3. **(E)**: The value of **E** (used to change precedence).
+4. **sqrt(E)**: The square root of **E**. **E** must be non-negative.
+5. **length(E)**: The number of significant decimal digits in **E**.
+6. **length(I[])**: The number of elements in the array **I**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+7. **scale(E)**: The *scale* of **E**.
+8. **abs(E)**: The absolute value of **E**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+9. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a non-**void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+10. **read()**: Reads a line from **stdin** and uses that as an expression. The
+ result of that expression is the result of the **read()** operand. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+11. **maxibase()**: The max allowable **ibase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+12. **maxobase()**: The max allowable **obase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+13. **maxscale()**: The max allowable **scale**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+
+## Numbers
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most **1**
+period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **BC_NUM_MAX** digits. Uppercase
+letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e., **A** equals
+**10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value
+of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **Z** alone always equals decimal
+**35**.
+
+## Operators
+
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used. They are listed in
+order of decreasing precedence. Operators in the same group have the same
+precedence.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: Type: Prefix and Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **increment**, **decrement**
+
+**-** **!**
+
+: Type: Prefix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **negation**, **boolean not**
+
+**\^**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **power**
+
+**\*** **/** **%**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **multiply**, **divide**, **modulus**
+
+**+** **-**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **add**, **subtract**
+
+**=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **assignment**
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **relational**
+
+**&&**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean and**
+
+**||**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean or**
+
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: The prefix and postfix **increment** and **decrement** operators behave
+ exactly like they would in C. They require a named expression (see the
+ *Named Expressions* subsection) as an operand.
+
+ The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where
+ possible.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **negation** operator returns **0** if a user attempts to negate any
+ expression with the value **0**. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with
+ its sign flipped is returned.
+
+**!**
+
+: The **boolean not** operator returns **1** if the expression is **0**, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The **power** operator (not the **exclusive or** operator, as it would be in
+ C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of
+ the second.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*), and if it is
+ negative, the first value must be non-zero.
+
+**\***
+
+: The **multiply** operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and
+ returns the product. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result is
+ equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The **divide** operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the
+ quotient. The *scale* of the result shall be the value of **scale**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The **modulus** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ evaluates them by 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale** and 2) Using the
+ result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**+**
+
+: The **add** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and returns the
+ sum, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of **a** and **b**.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **subtract** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns the difference, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of
+ **a** and **b**.
+
+**=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=**
+
+: The **assignment** operators take two expressions, **a** and **b** where
+ **a** is a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection).
+
+ For **=**, **b** is copied and the result is assigned to **a**. For all
+ others, **a** and **b** are applied as operands to the corresponding
+ arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to **a**.
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: The **relational** operators compare two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ if the relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is
+ **1**. Otherwise, it is **0**.
+
+ Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+ **assignment** operators, which means that **a=b\>c** is interpreted as
+ **(a=b)\>c**.
+
+ Also, unlike the [standard][1] requires, these operators can appear anywhere
+ any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**&&**
+
+: The **boolean and** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if both
+ expressions are non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**||**
+
+: The **boolean or** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if one
+ of the expressions is non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Statements
+
+The following items are statements:
+
+1. **E**
+2. **{** **S** **;** ... **;** **S** **}**
+3. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+4. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S** **else** **S**
+5. **while** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+6. **for** **(** **E** **;** **E** **;** **E** **)** **S**
+7. An empty statement
+8. **break**
+9. **continue**
+10. **quit**
+11. **halt**
+12. **limits**
+13. A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+14. **print** **E** **,** ... **,** **E**
+15. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+Also, as a **non-portable extension**, any or all of the expressions in the
+header of a for loop may be omitted. If the condition (second expression) is
+omitted, it is assumed to be a constant **1**.
+
+The **break** statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution
+immediately following a loop. This is only allowed in loops.
+
+The **continue** statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to
+the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition. This is only
+allowed in loops.
+
+The **if** **else** statement does the same thing as in C.
+
+The **quit** statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will
+not be executed (it is a compile-time command).
+
+The **halt** statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed. (Unlike **quit**
+if it is on a branch of an **if** statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not
+quit.)
+
+The **limits** statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to. This
+is like the **quit** statement in that it is a compile-time command.
+
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+
+## Print Statement
+
+The "expressions" in a **print** statement may also be strings. If they are, there
+are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially. What those
+sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
+
+-------- -------
+**\\a** **\\a**
+**\\b** **\\b**
+**\\\\** **\\**
+**\\e** **\\**
+**\\f** **\\f**
+**\\n** **\\n**
+**\\q** **"**
+**\\r** **\\r**
+**\\t** **\\t**
+-------- -------
+
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to
+be printed as-is.
+
+Any non-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to **last**,
+like any other expression that is printed.
+
+## Order of Evaluation
+
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary
+to maintain order of operations. This means, for example, assuming that **i** is
+equal to **0**, in the expression
+
+ a[i++] = i++
+
+the first (or 0th) element of **a** is set to **1**, and **i** is equal to **2**
+at the end of the expression.
+
+This includes function arguments. Thus, assuming **i** is equal to **0**, this
+means that in the expression
+
+ x(i++, i++)
+
+the first argument passed to **x()** is **0**, and the second argument is **1**,
+while **i** is equal to **2** before the function starts executing.
+
+# FUNCTIONS
+
+Function definitions are as follows:
+
+```
+define I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return(E)
+}
+```
+
+Any **I** in the parameter list or **auto** list may be replaced with **I[]** to
+make a parameter or **auto** var an array, and any **I** in the parameter list
+may be replaced with **\*I[]** to make a parameter an array reference. Callers
+of functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call;
+they must be called with just **I[]** like normal array parameters and will be
+automatically converted into references.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the opening brace of a **define** statement may
+appear on the next line.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the return statement may also be in one of the
+following forms:
+
+1. **return**
+2. **return** **(** **)**
+3. **return** **E**
+
+The first two, or not specifying a **return** statement, is equivalent to
+**return (0)**, unless the function is a **void** function (see the *Void
+Functions* subsection below).
+
+## Void Functions
+
+Functions can also be **void** functions, defined as follows:
+
+```
+define void I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return
+}
+```
+
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would
+be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+
+Void functions can only use the first two **return** statements listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have
+variables, arrays, and functions named **void**. The word "void" is only
+treated specially right after the **define** keyword.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Array References
+
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
+
+```
+*I[]
+```
+
+it is a **reference**. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected,
+when the function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# LIBRARY
+
+All of the functions below are available when the **-l** or **--mathlib**
+command-line flags are given.
+
+## Standard Library
+
+The [standard][1] defines the following functions for the math library:
+
+**s(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**c(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l(x)**
+
+: Returns the natural logarithm of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**e(x)**
+
+: Returns the mathematical constant **e** raised to the power of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**j(x, n)**
+
+: Returns the bessel integer order **n** (truncated) of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+## Transcendental Functions
+
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1
+[ULP][4]). This is unavoidable, and [this article][5] explains why it is
+impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental
+functions.
+
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions
+with the precision (**scale**) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary. If
+exact results are *absolutely* required, users can double the precision
+(**scale**) and then truncate.
+
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+
+* **s(x)**
+* **c(x)**
+* **a(x)**
+* **l(x)**
+* **e(x)**
+* **j(x, n)**
+
+# RESET
+
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+functions returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to
+start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most bc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This bc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **BC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **BC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+The actual values of **BC_LONG_BIT** and **BC_BASE_DIGS** can be queried with
+the **limits** statement.
+
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **BC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+
+**BC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where bc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **BC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **BC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**BC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+The actual values can be queried with the **limits** statement.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**POSIXLY_CORRECT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+ the **-s** option was given.
+
+**BC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to bc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **BC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+
+ The code that parses **BC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"bc\" file.bc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **BC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**BC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), bc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash (**\\**). The default line
+ length is **70**.
+
+**BC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**) operator and the corresponding assignment operator.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid,
+ giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an
+ invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is
+ not a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection of the
+ **SYNTAX** section), giving an invalid **auto** list, having a duplicate
+ **auto**/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code block,
+ attempting to return a value from a **void** function, attempting to use a
+ variable as a reference, and using any extensions when the option **-s** or
+ any equivalents were given.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, passing the wrong number of
+ arguments to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and
+ attempting to use a **void** function call as a value in an expression.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Per the [standard][1], bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If bc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If bc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals.
+
+# LOCALES
+
+This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales
+and thus, supports **LC_MESSAGES**.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+dc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+bc(1) is compliant with the [IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1]
+specification. The flags **-efghiqsvVw**, all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that
+use a period (**.**) as a radix point, regardless of the value of
+**LC_NUMERIC**.
+
+This bc(1) supports error messages for different locales, and thus, it supports
+**LC_MESSAGES**.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
+[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero
+[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place
+[5]: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EN.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EN.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EN.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1083 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# NAME
+
+bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**bc** [**-ghilPqsvVw**] [**--global-stacks**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--mathlib**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--quiet**] [**--standard**] [**--warn**] [**--version**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...]
+[*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by
+POSIX. (The current standard is [here][1].) The language provides unlimited
+precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the
+command line and executes them before reading from **stdin**.
+
+This bc(1) is a drop-in replacement for *any* bc(1), including (and
+especially) the GNU bc(1).
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+
+**-g**, **--global-stacks**
+
+ Turns the globals **ibase**, **obase**, and **scale** into stacks.
+
+ This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all three are pushed
+ onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function
+ returns. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those
+ globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+ Thus, a hypothetical function named **output(x,b)** that simply printed
+ **x** in base **b** could be written like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ obase=b
+ x
+ }
+
+ instead of like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ auto c
+ c=obase
+ obase=b
+ x
+ obase=c
+ }
+
+ This makes writing functions much easier.
+
+ However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set **ibase**,
+ **obase**, or **scale** globally, functions that are made to do so cannot
+ work anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a
+ solution.
+
+ First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+ converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+ aliases. Examples:
+
+ alias d2o="bc -e ibase=A -e obase=8"
+ alias h2b="bc -e ibase=G -e obase=2"
+
+ Second, if the purpose of a function is to set **ibase**, **obase**, or
+ **scale** globally for any other purpose, it could be split into one to
+ three functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of those
+ functions could return the desired value for a global.
+
+ If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users
+ could make sure to define **BC_ENV_ARGS** and include this option (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section for more details).
+
+ If **-s**, **-w**, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-l**, **--mathlib**
+
+: Sets **scale** (see the **SYNTAX** section) to **20** and loads the included
+ math library before running any code, including any expressions or files
+ specified on the command line.
+
+ To learn what is in the library, see the **LIBRARY** section.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: Disables the prompt in TTY mode. (The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+ See the **TTY MODE** section) This is mostly for those users that do not
+ want a prompt or are not used to having them in bc(1). Most of those users
+ would want to put this option in **BC_ENV_ARGS** (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-q**, **--quiet**
+
+: Do not print copyright header. bc(1) will also suppress the header in
+ non-interactive mode.
+
+ This is mostly for compatibility with the [GNU bc(1)][2].
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-s**, **--standard**
+
+: Process exactly the language defined by the [standard][1] and error if any
+ extensions are used.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-w**, **--warn**
+
+: Like **-s** and **--standard**, except that warnings (and not errors) are
+ printed for non-standard extensions and execution continues normally.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **bc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **bc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. This
+bc(1) follows the [POSIX standard][1], which is a much more thorough resource
+for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a
+listing of all the extensions to the standard.
+
+In the sections below, **E** means expression, **S** means statement, and **I**
+means identifier.
+
+Identifiers (**I**) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any
+number (up to **BC_NAME_MAX-1**) of lowercase letters (**a-z**), digits
+(**0-9**), and underscores (**\_**). The regex is **\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\***.
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**ibase** is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers. It
+is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers.
+**ibase** is initially **10**. If the **-s** (**--standard**) and **-w**
+(**--warn**) flags were not given on the command line, the max allowable value
+for **ibase** is **36**. Otherwise, it is **16**. The min allowable value for
+**ibase** is **2**. The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in
+bc(1) programs with the **maxibase()** built-in function.
+
+**obase** is a global variable determining how to output results. It is the
+"output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers. **obase** is
+initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is **BC_BASE_MAX** and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxobase()** built-in function. The
+min allowable value for **obase** is **2**. Values are output in the specified
+base.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a global variable that
+sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions. **scale** is initially
+**0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max allowable value for **scale** is
+**BC_SCALE_MAX** and can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxscale()**
+built-in function.
+
+bc(1) has both *global* variables and *local* variables. All *local*
+variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in
+the **auto** list of a function (see the **FUNCTIONS** section). If a variable
+is accessed which is not a parameter or in the **auto** list, it is assumed to
+be *global*. If a parent function has a *local* variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers *global*, the value of that *global* variable in
+the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not the
+value of the actual *global* variable.
+
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an
+assignment operator *and* the expression is notsurrounded by parentheses.
+
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable **last**. A
+single dot (**.**) may also be used as a synonym for **last**. These are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+
+## Comments
+
+There are two kinds of comments:
+
+1. Block comments are enclosed in **/\*** and **\*/**.
+2. Line comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This
+ is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Named Expressions
+
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+
+1. Variables: **I**
+2. Array Elements: **I[E]**
+3. **ibase**
+4. **obase**
+5. **scale**
+6. **last** or a single dot (**.**)
+
+Number 6 is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as
+variables. This also applies to functions (see the **FUNCTIONS** section), so a
+user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and
+they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions or not.
+
+Named expressions are required as the operand of **increment**/**decrement**
+operators and as the left side of **assignment** operators (see the *Operators*
+subsection).
+
+## Operands
+
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+
+1. Numbers (see the *Numbers* subsection below).
+2. Array indices (**I[E]**).
+3. **(E)**: The value of **E** (used to change precedence).
+4. **sqrt(E)**: The square root of **E**. **E** must be non-negative.
+5. **length(E)**: The number of significant decimal digits in **E**.
+6. **length(I[])**: The number of elements in the array **I**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+7. **scale(E)**: The *scale* of **E**.
+8. **abs(E)**: The absolute value of **E**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+9. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a non-**void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+10. **read()**: Reads a line from **stdin** and uses that as an expression. The
+ result of that expression is the result of the **read()** operand. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+11. **maxibase()**: The max allowable **ibase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+12. **maxobase()**: The max allowable **obase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+13. **maxscale()**: The max allowable **scale**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+
+## Numbers
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most **1**
+period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **BC_NUM_MAX** digits. Uppercase
+letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e., **A** equals
+**10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value
+of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **Z** alone always equals decimal
+**35**.
+
+## Operators
+
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used. They are listed in
+order of decreasing precedence. Operators in the same group have the same
+precedence.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: Type: Prefix and Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **increment**, **decrement**
+
+**-** **!**
+
+: Type: Prefix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **negation**, **boolean not**
+
+**\^**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **power**
+
+**\*** **/** **%**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **multiply**, **divide**, **modulus**
+
+**+** **-**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **add**, **subtract**
+
+**=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **assignment**
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **relational**
+
+**&&**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean and**
+
+**||**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean or**
+
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: The prefix and postfix **increment** and **decrement** operators behave
+ exactly like they would in C. They require a named expression (see the
+ *Named Expressions* subsection) as an operand.
+
+ The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where
+ possible.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **negation** operator returns **0** if a user attempts to negate any
+ expression with the value **0**. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with
+ its sign flipped is returned.
+
+**!**
+
+: The **boolean not** operator returns **1** if the expression is **0**, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The **power** operator (not the **exclusive or** operator, as it would be in
+ C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of
+ the second.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*), and if it is
+ negative, the first value must be non-zero.
+
+**\***
+
+: The **multiply** operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and
+ returns the product. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result is
+ equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The **divide** operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the
+ quotient. The *scale* of the result shall be the value of **scale**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The **modulus** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ evaluates them by 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale** and 2) Using the
+ result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**+**
+
+: The **add** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and returns the
+ sum, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of **a** and **b**.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **subtract** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns the difference, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of
+ **a** and **b**.
+
+**=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=**
+
+: The **assignment** operators take two expressions, **a** and **b** where
+ **a** is a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection).
+
+ For **=**, **b** is copied and the result is assigned to **a**. For all
+ others, **a** and **b** are applied as operands to the corresponding
+ arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to **a**.
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: The **relational** operators compare two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ if the relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is
+ **1**. Otherwise, it is **0**.
+
+ Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+ **assignment** operators, which means that **a=b\>c** is interpreted as
+ **(a=b)\>c**.
+
+ Also, unlike the [standard][1] requires, these operators can appear anywhere
+ any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**&&**
+
+: The **boolean and** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if both
+ expressions are non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**||**
+
+: The **boolean or** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if one
+ of the expressions is non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Statements
+
+The following items are statements:
+
+1. **E**
+2. **{** **S** **;** ... **;** **S** **}**
+3. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+4. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S** **else** **S**
+5. **while** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+6. **for** **(** **E** **;** **E** **;** **E** **)** **S**
+7. An empty statement
+8. **break**
+9. **continue**
+10. **quit**
+11. **halt**
+12. **limits**
+13. A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+14. **print** **E** **,** ... **,** **E**
+15. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+Also, as a **non-portable extension**, any or all of the expressions in the
+header of a for loop may be omitted. If the condition (second expression) is
+omitted, it is assumed to be a constant **1**.
+
+The **break** statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution
+immediately following a loop. This is only allowed in loops.
+
+The **continue** statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to
+the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition. This is only
+allowed in loops.
+
+The **if** **else** statement does the same thing as in C.
+
+The **quit** statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will
+not be executed (it is a compile-time command).
+
+The **halt** statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed. (Unlike **quit**
+if it is on a branch of an **if** statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not
+quit.)
+
+The **limits** statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to. This
+is like the **quit** statement in that it is a compile-time command.
+
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+
+## Print Statement
+
+The "expressions" in a **print** statement may also be strings. If they are, there
+are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially. What those
+sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
+
+-------- -------
+**\\a** **\\a**
+**\\b** **\\b**
+**\\\\** **\\**
+**\\e** **\\**
+**\\f** **\\f**
+**\\n** **\\n**
+**\\q** **"**
+**\\r** **\\r**
+**\\t** **\\t**
+-------- -------
+
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to
+be printed as-is.
+
+Any non-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to **last**,
+like any other expression that is printed.
+
+## Order of Evaluation
+
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary
+to maintain order of operations. This means, for example, assuming that **i** is
+equal to **0**, in the expression
+
+ a[i++] = i++
+
+the first (or 0th) element of **a** is set to **1**, and **i** is equal to **2**
+at the end of the expression.
+
+This includes function arguments. Thus, assuming **i** is equal to **0**, this
+means that in the expression
+
+ x(i++, i++)
+
+the first argument passed to **x()** is **0**, and the second argument is **1**,
+while **i** is equal to **2** before the function starts executing.
+
+# FUNCTIONS
+
+Function definitions are as follows:
+
+```
+define I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return(E)
+}
+```
+
+Any **I** in the parameter list or **auto** list may be replaced with **I[]** to
+make a parameter or **auto** var an array, and any **I** in the parameter list
+may be replaced with **\*I[]** to make a parameter an array reference. Callers
+of functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call;
+they must be called with just **I[]** like normal array parameters and will be
+automatically converted into references.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the opening brace of a **define** statement may
+appear on the next line.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the return statement may also be in one of the
+following forms:
+
+1. **return**
+2. **return** **(** **)**
+3. **return** **E**
+
+The first two, or not specifying a **return** statement, is equivalent to
+**return (0)**, unless the function is a **void** function (see the *Void
+Functions* subsection below).
+
+## Void Functions
+
+Functions can also be **void** functions, defined as follows:
+
+```
+define void I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return
+}
+```
+
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would
+be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+
+Void functions can only use the first two **return** statements listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have
+variables, arrays, and functions named **void**. The word "void" is only
+treated specially right after the **define** keyword.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Array References
+
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
+
+```
+*I[]
+```
+
+it is a **reference**. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected,
+when the function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# LIBRARY
+
+All of the functions below are available when the **-l** or **--mathlib**
+command-line flags are given.
+
+## Standard Library
+
+The [standard][1] defines the following functions for the math library:
+
+**s(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**c(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l(x)**
+
+: Returns the natural logarithm of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**e(x)**
+
+: Returns the mathematical constant **e** raised to the power of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**j(x, n)**
+
+: Returns the bessel integer order **n** (truncated) of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+## Transcendental Functions
+
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1
+[ULP][4]). This is unavoidable, and [this article][5] explains why it is
+impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental
+functions.
+
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions
+with the precision (**scale**) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary. If
+exact results are *absolutely* required, users can double the precision
+(**scale**) and then truncate.
+
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+
+* **s(x)**
+* **c(x)**
+* **a(x)**
+* **l(x)**
+* **e(x)**
+* **j(x, n)**
+
+# RESET
+
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+functions returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to
+start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most bc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This bc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **BC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **BC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+The actual values of **BC_LONG_BIT** and **BC_BASE_DIGS** can be queried with
+the **limits** statement.
+
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **BC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+
+**BC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where bc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **BC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **BC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**BC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+The actual values can be queried with the **limits** statement.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**POSIXLY_CORRECT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+ the **-s** option was given.
+
+**BC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to bc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **BC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+
+ The code that parses **BC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"bc\" file.bc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **BC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**BC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), bc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash (**\\**). The default line
+ length is **70**.
+
+**BC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**) operator and the corresponding assignment operator.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid,
+ giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an
+ invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is
+ not a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection of the
+ **SYNTAX** section), giving an invalid **auto** list, having a duplicate
+ **auto**/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code block,
+ attempting to return a value from a **void** function, attempting to use a
+ variable as a reference, and using any extensions when the option **-s** or
+ any equivalents were given.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, passing the wrong number of
+ arguments to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and
+ attempting to use a **void** function call as a value in an expression.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Per the [standard][1], bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the **COMMAND LINE HISTORY**
+section). It is also required to enable special handling for **SIGINT** signals.
+
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If bc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If bc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals. The one exception is **SIGHUP**; in that
+case, when bc(1) is in TTY mode, a **SIGHUP** will cause bc(1) to clean up and
+exit.
+
+# COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+
+bc(1) supports interactive command-line editing. If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see
+the **TTY MODE** section), history is enabled. Previous lines can be recalled
+and edited with the arrow keys.
+
+**Note**: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+dc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+bc(1) is compliant with the [IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1]
+specification. The flags **-efghiqsvVw**, all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that
+use a period (**.**) as a radix point, regardless of the value of
+**LC_NUMERIC**.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
+[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero
+[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place
+[5]: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/ENP.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/ENP.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/ENP.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1077 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# NAME
+
+bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**bc** [**-ghilPqsvVw**] [**--global-stacks**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--mathlib**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--quiet**] [**--standard**] [**--warn**] [**--version**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...]
+[*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by
+POSIX. (The current standard is [here][1].) The language provides unlimited
+precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the
+command line and executes them before reading from **stdin**.
+
+This bc(1) is a drop-in replacement for *any* bc(1), including (and
+especially) the GNU bc(1).
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+
+**-g**, **--global-stacks**
+
+ Turns the globals **ibase**, **obase**, and **scale** into stacks.
+
+ This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all three are pushed
+ onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function
+ returns. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those
+ globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+ Thus, a hypothetical function named **output(x,b)** that simply printed
+ **x** in base **b** could be written like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ obase=b
+ x
+ }
+
+ instead of like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ auto c
+ c=obase
+ obase=b
+ x
+ obase=c
+ }
+
+ This makes writing functions much easier.
+
+ However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set **ibase**,
+ **obase**, or **scale** globally, functions that are made to do so cannot
+ work anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a
+ solution.
+
+ First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+ converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+ aliases. Examples:
+
+ alias d2o="bc -e ibase=A -e obase=8"
+ alias h2b="bc -e ibase=G -e obase=2"
+
+ Second, if the purpose of a function is to set **ibase**, **obase**, or
+ **scale** globally for any other purpose, it could be split into one to
+ three functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of those
+ functions could return the desired value for a global.
+
+ If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users
+ could make sure to define **BC_ENV_ARGS** and include this option (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section for more details).
+
+ If **-s**, **-w**, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-l**, **--mathlib**
+
+: Sets **scale** (see the **SYNTAX** section) to **20** and loads the included
+ math library before running any code, including any expressions or files
+ specified on the command line.
+
+ To learn what is in the library, see the **LIBRARY** section.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: This option is a no-op.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-q**, **--quiet**
+
+: Do not print copyright header. bc(1) will also suppress the header in
+ non-interactive mode.
+
+ This is mostly for compatibility with the [GNU bc(1)][2].
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-s**, **--standard**
+
+: Process exactly the language defined by the [standard][1] and error if any
+ extensions are used.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-w**, **--warn**
+
+: Like **-s** and **--standard**, except that warnings (and not errors) are
+ printed for non-standard extensions and execution continues normally.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **bc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **bc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. This
+bc(1) follows the [POSIX standard][1], which is a much more thorough resource
+for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a
+listing of all the extensions to the standard.
+
+In the sections below, **E** means expression, **S** means statement, and **I**
+means identifier.
+
+Identifiers (**I**) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any
+number (up to **BC_NAME_MAX-1**) of lowercase letters (**a-z**), digits
+(**0-9**), and underscores (**\_**). The regex is **\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\***.
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**ibase** is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers. It
+is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers.
+**ibase** is initially **10**. If the **-s** (**--standard**) and **-w**
+(**--warn**) flags were not given on the command line, the max allowable value
+for **ibase** is **36**. Otherwise, it is **16**. The min allowable value for
+**ibase** is **2**. The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in
+bc(1) programs with the **maxibase()** built-in function.
+
+**obase** is a global variable determining how to output results. It is the
+"output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers. **obase** is
+initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is **BC_BASE_MAX** and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxobase()** built-in function. The
+min allowable value for **obase** is **2**. Values are output in the specified
+base.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a global variable that
+sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions. **scale** is initially
+**0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max allowable value for **scale** is
+**BC_SCALE_MAX** and can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxscale()**
+built-in function.
+
+bc(1) has both *global* variables and *local* variables. All *local*
+variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in
+the **auto** list of a function (see the **FUNCTIONS** section). If a variable
+is accessed which is not a parameter or in the **auto** list, it is assumed to
+be *global*. If a parent function has a *local* variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers *global*, the value of that *global* variable in
+the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not the
+value of the actual *global* variable.
+
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an
+assignment operator *and* the expression is notsurrounded by parentheses.
+
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable **last**. A
+single dot (**.**) may also be used as a synonym for **last**. These are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+
+## Comments
+
+There are two kinds of comments:
+
+1. Block comments are enclosed in **/\*** and **\*/**.
+2. Line comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This
+ is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Named Expressions
+
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+
+1. Variables: **I**
+2. Array Elements: **I[E]**
+3. **ibase**
+4. **obase**
+5. **scale**
+6. **last** or a single dot (**.**)
+
+Number 6 is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as
+variables. This also applies to functions (see the **FUNCTIONS** section), so a
+user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and
+they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions or not.
+
+Named expressions are required as the operand of **increment**/**decrement**
+operators and as the left side of **assignment** operators (see the *Operators*
+subsection).
+
+## Operands
+
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+
+1. Numbers (see the *Numbers* subsection below).
+2. Array indices (**I[E]**).
+3. **(E)**: The value of **E** (used to change precedence).
+4. **sqrt(E)**: The square root of **E**. **E** must be non-negative.
+5. **length(E)**: The number of significant decimal digits in **E**.
+6. **length(I[])**: The number of elements in the array **I**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+7. **scale(E)**: The *scale* of **E**.
+8. **abs(E)**: The absolute value of **E**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+9. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a non-**void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+10. **read()**: Reads a line from **stdin** and uses that as an expression. The
+ result of that expression is the result of the **read()** operand. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+11. **maxibase()**: The max allowable **ibase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+12. **maxobase()**: The max allowable **obase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+13. **maxscale()**: The max allowable **scale**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+
+## Numbers
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most **1**
+period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **BC_NUM_MAX** digits. Uppercase
+letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e., **A** equals
+**10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value
+of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **Z** alone always equals decimal
+**35**.
+
+## Operators
+
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used. They are listed in
+order of decreasing precedence. Operators in the same group have the same
+precedence.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: Type: Prefix and Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **increment**, **decrement**
+
+**-** **!**
+
+: Type: Prefix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **negation**, **boolean not**
+
+**\^**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **power**
+
+**\*** **/** **%**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **multiply**, **divide**, **modulus**
+
+**+** **-**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **add**, **subtract**
+
+**=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **assignment**
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **relational**
+
+**&&**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean and**
+
+**||**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean or**
+
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: The prefix and postfix **increment** and **decrement** operators behave
+ exactly like they would in C. They require a named expression (see the
+ *Named Expressions* subsection) as an operand.
+
+ The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where
+ possible.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **negation** operator returns **0** if a user attempts to negate any
+ expression with the value **0**. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with
+ its sign flipped is returned.
+
+**!**
+
+: The **boolean not** operator returns **1** if the expression is **0**, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The **power** operator (not the **exclusive or** operator, as it would be in
+ C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of
+ the second.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*), and if it is
+ negative, the first value must be non-zero.
+
+**\***
+
+: The **multiply** operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and
+ returns the product. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result is
+ equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The **divide** operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the
+ quotient. The *scale* of the result shall be the value of **scale**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The **modulus** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ evaluates them by 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale** and 2) Using the
+ result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**+**
+
+: The **add** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and returns the
+ sum, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of **a** and **b**.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **subtract** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns the difference, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of
+ **a** and **b**.
+
+**=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=**
+
+: The **assignment** operators take two expressions, **a** and **b** where
+ **a** is a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection).
+
+ For **=**, **b** is copied and the result is assigned to **a**. For all
+ others, **a** and **b** are applied as operands to the corresponding
+ arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to **a**.
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: The **relational** operators compare two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ if the relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is
+ **1**. Otherwise, it is **0**.
+
+ Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+ **assignment** operators, which means that **a=b\>c** is interpreted as
+ **(a=b)\>c**.
+
+ Also, unlike the [standard][1] requires, these operators can appear anywhere
+ any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**&&**
+
+: The **boolean and** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if both
+ expressions are non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**||**
+
+: The **boolean or** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if one
+ of the expressions is non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Statements
+
+The following items are statements:
+
+1. **E**
+2. **{** **S** **;** ... **;** **S** **}**
+3. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+4. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S** **else** **S**
+5. **while** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+6. **for** **(** **E** **;** **E** **;** **E** **)** **S**
+7. An empty statement
+8. **break**
+9. **continue**
+10. **quit**
+11. **halt**
+12. **limits**
+13. A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+14. **print** **E** **,** ... **,** **E**
+15. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+Also, as a **non-portable extension**, any or all of the expressions in the
+header of a for loop may be omitted. If the condition (second expression) is
+omitted, it is assumed to be a constant **1**.
+
+The **break** statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution
+immediately following a loop. This is only allowed in loops.
+
+The **continue** statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to
+the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition. This is only
+allowed in loops.
+
+The **if** **else** statement does the same thing as in C.
+
+The **quit** statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will
+not be executed (it is a compile-time command).
+
+The **halt** statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed. (Unlike **quit**
+if it is on a branch of an **if** statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not
+quit.)
+
+The **limits** statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to. This
+is like the **quit** statement in that it is a compile-time command.
+
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+
+## Print Statement
+
+The "expressions" in a **print** statement may also be strings. If they are, there
+are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially. What those
+sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
+
+-------- -------
+**\\a** **\\a**
+**\\b** **\\b**
+**\\\\** **\\**
+**\\e** **\\**
+**\\f** **\\f**
+**\\n** **\\n**
+**\\q** **"**
+**\\r** **\\r**
+**\\t** **\\t**
+-------- -------
+
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to
+be printed as-is.
+
+Any non-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to **last**,
+like any other expression that is printed.
+
+## Order of Evaluation
+
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary
+to maintain order of operations. This means, for example, assuming that **i** is
+equal to **0**, in the expression
+
+ a[i++] = i++
+
+the first (or 0th) element of **a** is set to **1**, and **i** is equal to **2**
+at the end of the expression.
+
+This includes function arguments. Thus, assuming **i** is equal to **0**, this
+means that in the expression
+
+ x(i++, i++)
+
+the first argument passed to **x()** is **0**, and the second argument is **1**,
+while **i** is equal to **2** before the function starts executing.
+
+# FUNCTIONS
+
+Function definitions are as follows:
+
+```
+define I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return(E)
+}
+```
+
+Any **I** in the parameter list or **auto** list may be replaced with **I[]** to
+make a parameter or **auto** var an array, and any **I** in the parameter list
+may be replaced with **\*I[]** to make a parameter an array reference. Callers
+of functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call;
+they must be called with just **I[]** like normal array parameters and will be
+automatically converted into references.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the opening brace of a **define** statement may
+appear on the next line.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the return statement may also be in one of the
+following forms:
+
+1. **return**
+2. **return** **(** **)**
+3. **return** **E**
+
+The first two, or not specifying a **return** statement, is equivalent to
+**return (0)**, unless the function is a **void** function (see the *Void
+Functions* subsection below).
+
+## Void Functions
+
+Functions can also be **void** functions, defined as follows:
+
+```
+define void I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return
+}
+```
+
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would
+be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+
+Void functions can only use the first two **return** statements listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have
+variables, arrays, and functions named **void**. The word "void" is only
+treated specially right after the **define** keyword.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Array References
+
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
+
+```
+*I[]
+```
+
+it is a **reference**. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected,
+when the function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# LIBRARY
+
+All of the functions below are available when the **-l** or **--mathlib**
+command-line flags are given.
+
+## Standard Library
+
+The [standard][1] defines the following functions for the math library:
+
+**s(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**c(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l(x)**
+
+: Returns the natural logarithm of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**e(x)**
+
+: Returns the mathematical constant **e** raised to the power of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**j(x, n)**
+
+: Returns the bessel integer order **n** (truncated) of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+## Transcendental Functions
+
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1
+[ULP][4]). This is unavoidable, and [this article][5] explains why it is
+impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental
+functions.
+
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions
+with the precision (**scale**) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary. If
+exact results are *absolutely* required, users can double the precision
+(**scale**) and then truncate.
+
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+
+* **s(x)**
+* **c(x)**
+* **a(x)**
+* **l(x)**
+* **e(x)**
+* **j(x, n)**
+
+# RESET
+
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+functions returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to
+start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most bc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This bc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **BC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **BC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+The actual values of **BC_LONG_BIT** and **BC_BASE_DIGS** can be queried with
+the **limits** statement.
+
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **BC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+
+**BC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where bc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **BC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **BC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**BC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+The actual values can be queried with the **limits** statement.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**POSIXLY_CORRECT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+ the **-s** option was given.
+
+**BC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to bc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **BC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+
+ The code that parses **BC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"bc\" file.bc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **BC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**BC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), bc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash (**\\**). The default line
+ length is **70**.
+
+**BC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**) operator and the corresponding assignment operator.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid,
+ giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an
+ invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is
+ not a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection of the
+ **SYNTAX** section), giving an invalid **auto** list, having a duplicate
+ **auto**/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code block,
+ attempting to return a value from a **void** function, attempting to use a
+ variable as a reference, and using any extensions when the option **-s** or
+ any equivalents were given.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, passing the wrong number of
+ arguments to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and
+ attempting to use a **void** function call as a value in an expression.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Per the [standard][1], bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the **COMMAND LINE HISTORY**
+section). It is also required to enable special handling for **SIGINT** signals.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If bc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If bc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals. The one exception is **SIGHUP**; in that
+case, when bc(1) is in TTY mode, a **SIGHUP** will cause bc(1) to clean up and
+exit.
+
+# COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+
+bc(1) supports interactive command-line editing. If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see
+the **TTY MODE** section), history is enabled. Previous lines can be recalled
+and edited with the arrow keys.
+
+**Note**: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+dc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+bc(1) is compliant with the [IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1]
+specification. The flags **-efghiqsvVw**, all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that
+use a period (**.**) as a radix point, regardless of the value of
+**LC_NUMERIC**.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
+[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero
+[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place
+[5]: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EP.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EP.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/EP.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1085 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# NAME
+
+bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**bc** [**-ghilPqsvVw**] [**--global-stacks**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--mathlib**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--quiet**] [**--standard**] [**--warn**] [**--version**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...]
+[*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by
+POSIX. (The current standard is [here][1].) The language provides unlimited
+precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the
+command line and executes them before reading from **stdin**.
+
+This bc(1) is a drop-in replacement for *any* bc(1), including (and
+especially) the GNU bc(1).
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+
+**-g**, **--global-stacks**
+
+ Turns the globals **ibase**, **obase**, and **scale** into stacks.
+
+ This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all three are pushed
+ onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function
+ returns. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those
+ globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+ Thus, a hypothetical function named **output(x,b)** that simply printed
+ **x** in base **b** could be written like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ obase=b
+ x
+ }
+
+ instead of like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ auto c
+ c=obase
+ obase=b
+ x
+ obase=c
+ }
+
+ This makes writing functions much easier.
+
+ However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set **ibase**,
+ **obase**, or **scale** globally, functions that are made to do so cannot
+ work anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a
+ solution.
+
+ First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+ converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+ aliases. Examples:
+
+ alias d2o="bc -e ibase=A -e obase=8"
+ alias h2b="bc -e ibase=G -e obase=2"
+
+ Second, if the purpose of a function is to set **ibase**, **obase**, or
+ **scale** globally for any other purpose, it could be split into one to
+ three functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of those
+ functions could return the desired value for a global.
+
+ If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users
+ could make sure to define **BC_ENV_ARGS** and include this option (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section for more details).
+
+ If **-s**, **-w**, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-l**, **--mathlib**
+
+: Sets **scale** (see the **SYNTAX** section) to **20** and loads the included
+ math library before running any code, including any expressions or files
+ specified on the command line.
+
+ To learn what is in the library, see the **LIBRARY** section.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: This option is a no-op.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-q**, **--quiet**
+
+: Do not print copyright header. bc(1) will also suppress the header in
+ non-interactive mode.
+
+ This is mostly for compatibility with the [GNU bc(1)][2].
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-s**, **--standard**
+
+: Process exactly the language defined by the [standard][1] and error if any
+ extensions are used.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-w**, **--warn**
+
+: Like **-s** and **--standard**, except that warnings (and not errors) are
+ printed for non-standard extensions and execution continues normally.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **bc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **bc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. This
+bc(1) follows the [POSIX standard][1], which is a much more thorough resource
+for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a
+listing of all the extensions to the standard.
+
+In the sections below, **E** means expression, **S** means statement, and **I**
+means identifier.
+
+Identifiers (**I**) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any
+number (up to **BC_NAME_MAX-1**) of lowercase letters (**a-z**), digits
+(**0-9**), and underscores (**\_**). The regex is **\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\***.
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**ibase** is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers. It
+is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers.
+**ibase** is initially **10**. If the **-s** (**--standard**) and **-w**
+(**--warn**) flags were not given on the command line, the max allowable value
+for **ibase** is **36**. Otherwise, it is **16**. The min allowable value for
+**ibase** is **2**. The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in
+bc(1) programs with the **maxibase()** built-in function.
+
+**obase** is a global variable determining how to output results. It is the
+"output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers. **obase** is
+initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is **BC_BASE_MAX** and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxobase()** built-in function. The
+min allowable value for **obase** is **2**. Values are output in the specified
+base.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a global variable that
+sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions. **scale** is initially
+**0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max allowable value for **scale** is
+**BC_SCALE_MAX** and can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxscale()**
+built-in function.
+
+bc(1) has both *global* variables and *local* variables. All *local*
+variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in
+the **auto** list of a function (see the **FUNCTIONS** section). If a variable
+is accessed which is not a parameter or in the **auto** list, it is assumed to
+be *global*. If a parent function has a *local* variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers *global*, the value of that *global* variable in
+the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not the
+value of the actual *global* variable.
+
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an
+assignment operator *and* the expression is notsurrounded by parentheses.
+
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable **last**. A
+single dot (**.**) may also be used as a synonym for **last**. These are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+
+## Comments
+
+There are two kinds of comments:
+
+1. Block comments are enclosed in **/\*** and **\*/**.
+2. Line comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This
+ is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Named Expressions
+
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+
+1. Variables: **I**
+2. Array Elements: **I[E]**
+3. **ibase**
+4. **obase**
+5. **scale**
+6. **last** or a single dot (**.**)
+
+Number 6 is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as
+variables. This also applies to functions (see the **FUNCTIONS** section), so a
+user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and
+they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions or not.
+
+Named expressions are required as the operand of **increment**/**decrement**
+operators and as the left side of **assignment** operators (see the *Operators*
+subsection).
+
+## Operands
+
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+
+1. Numbers (see the *Numbers* subsection below).
+2. Array indices (**I[E]**).
+3. **(E)**: The value of **E** (used to change precedence).
+4. **sqrt(E)**: The square root of **E**. **E** must be non-negative.
+5. **length(E)**: The number of significant decimal digits in **E**.
+6. **length(I[])**: The number of elements in the array **I**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+7. **scale(E)**: The *scale* of **E**.
+8. **abs(E)**: The absolute value of **E**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+9. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a non-**void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+10. **read()**: Reads a line from **stdin** and uses that as an expression. The
+ result of that expression is the result of the **read()** operand. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+11. **maxibase()**: The max allowable **ibase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+12. **maxobase()**: The max allowable **obase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+13. **maxscale()**: The max allowable **scale**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+
+## Numbers
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most **1**
+period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **BC_NUM_MAX** digits. Uppercase
+letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e., **A** equals
+**10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value
+of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **Z** alone always equals decimal
+**35**.
+
+## Operators
+
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used. They are listed in
+order of decreasing precedence. Operators in the same group have the same
+precedence.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: Type: Prefix and Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **increment**, **decrement**
+
+**-** **!**
+
+: Type: Prefix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **negation**, **boolean not**
+
+**\^**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **power**
+
+**\*** **/** **%**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **multiply**, **divide**, **modulus**
+
+**+** **-**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **add**, **subtract**
+
+**=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **assignment**
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **relational**
+
+**&&**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean and**
+
+**||**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean or**
+
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: The prefix and postfix **increment** and **decrement** operators behave
+ exactly like they would in C. They require a named expression (see the
+ *Named Expressions* subsection) as an operand.
+
+ The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where
+ possible.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **negation** operator returns **0** if a user attempts to negate any
+ expression with the value **0**. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with
+ its sign flipped is returned.
+
+**!**
+
+: The **boolean not** operator returns **1** if the expression is **0**, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The **power** operator (not the **exclusive or** operator, as it would be in
+ C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of
+ the second.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*), and if it is
+ negative, the first value must be non-zero.
+
+**\***
+
+: The **multiply** operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and
+ returns the product. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result is
+ equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The **divide** operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the
+ quotient. The *scale* of the result shall be the value of **scale**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The **modulus** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ evaluates them by 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale** and 2) Using the
+ result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**+**
+
+: The **add** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and returns the
+ sum, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of **a** and **b**.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **subtract** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns the difference, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of
+ **a** and **b**.
+
+**=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=**
+
+: The **assignment** operators take two expressions, **a** and **b** where
+ **a** is a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection).
+
+ For **=**, **b** is copied and the result is assigned to **a**. For all
+ others, **a** and **b** are applied as operands to the corresponding
+ arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to **a**.
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: The **relational** operators compare two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ if the relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is
+ **1**. Otherwise, it is **0**.
+
+ Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+ **assignment** operators, which means that **a=b\>c** is interpreted as
+ **(a=b)\>c**.
+
+ Also, unlike the [standard][1] requires, these operators can appear anywhere
+ any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**&&**
+
+: The **boolean and** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if both
+ expressions are non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**||**
+
+: The **boolean or** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if one
+ of the expressions is non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Statements
+
+The following items are statements:
+
+1. **E**
+2. **{** **S** **;** ... **;** **S** **}**
+3. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+4. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S** **else** **S**
+5. **while** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+6. **for** **(** **E** **;** **E** **;** **E** **)** **S**
+7. An empty statement
+8. **break**
+9. **continue**
+10. **quit**
+11. **halt**
+12. **limits**
+13. A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+14. **print** **E** **,** ... **,** **E**
+15. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+Also, as a **non-portable extension**, any or all of the expressions in the
+header of a for loop may be omitted. If the condition (second expression) is
+omitted, it is assumed to be a constant **1**.
+
+The **break** statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution
+immediately following a loop. This is only allowed in loops.
+
+The **continue** statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to
+the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition. This is only
+allowed in loops.
+
+The **if** **else** statement does the same thing as in C.
+
+The **quit** statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will
+not be executed (it is a compile-time command).
+
+The **halt** statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed. (Unlike **quit**
+if it is on a branch of an **if** statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not
+quit.)
+
+The **limits** statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to. This
+is like the **quit** statement in that it is a compile-time command.
+
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+
+## Print Statement
+
+The "expressions" in a **print** statement may also be strings. If they are, there
+are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially. What those
+sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
+
+-------- -------
+**\\a** **\\a**
+**\\b** **\\b**
+**\\\\** **\\**
+**\\e** **\\**
+**\\f** **\\f**
+**\\n** **\\n**
+**\\q** **"**
+**\\r** **\\r**
+**\\t** **\\t**
+-------- -------
+
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to
+be printed as-is.
+
+Any non-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to **last**,
+like any other expression that is printed.
+
+## Order of Evaluation
+
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary
+to maintain order of operations. This means, for example, assuming that **i** is
+equal to **0**, in the expression
+
+ a[i++] = i++
+
+the first (or 0th) element of **a** is set to **1**, and **i** is equal to **2**
+at the end of the expression.
+
+This includes function arguments. Thus, assuming **i** is equal to **0**, this
+means that in the expression
+
+ x(i++, i++)
+
+the first argument passed to **x()** is **0**, and the second argument is **1**,
+while **i** is equal to **2** before the function starts executing.
+
+# FUNCTIONS
+
+Function definitions are as follows:
+
+```
+define I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return(E)
+}
+```
+
+Any **I** in the parameter list or **auto** list may be replaced with **I[]** to
+make a parameter or **auto** var an array, and any **I** in the parameter list
+may be replaced with **\*I[]** to make a parameter an array reference. Callers
+of functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call;
+they must be called with just **I[]** like normal array parameters and will be
+automatically converted into references.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the opening brace of a **define** statement may
+appear on the next line.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the return statement may also be in one of the
+following forms:
+
+1. **return**
+2. **return** **(** **)**
+3. **return** **E**
+
+The first two, or not specifying a **return** statement, is equivalent to
+**return (0)**, unless the function is a **void** function (see the *Void
+Functions* subsection below).
+
+## Void Functions
+
+Functions can also be **void** functions, defined as follows:
+
+```
+define void I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return
+}
+```
+
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would
+be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+
+Void functions can only use the first two **return** statements listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have
+variables, arrays, and functions named **void**. The word "void" is only
+treated specially right after the **define** keyword.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Array References
+
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
+
+```
+*I[]
+```
+
+it is a **reference**. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected,
+when the function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# LIBRARY
+
+All of the functions below are available when the **-l** or **--mathlib**
+command-line flags are given.
+
+## Standard Library
+
+The [standard][1] defines the following functions for the math library:
+
+**s(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**c(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l(x)**
+
+: Returns the natural logarithm of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**e(x)**
+
+: Returns the mathematical constant **e** raised to the power of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**j(x, n)**
+
+: Returns the bessel integer order **n** (truncated) of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+## Transcendental Functions
+
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1
+[ULP][4]). This is unavoidable, and [this article][5] explains why it is
+impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental
+functions.
+
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions
+with the precision (**scale**) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary. If
+exact results are *absolutely* required, users can double the precision
+(**scale**) and then truncate.
+
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+
+* **s(x)**
+* **c(x)**
+* **a(x)**
+* **l(x)**
+* **e(x)**
+* **j(x, n)**
+
+# RESET
+
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+functions returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to
+start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most bc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This bc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **BC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **BC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+The actual values of **BC_LONG_BIT** and **BC_BASE_DIGS** can be queried with
+the **limits** statement.
+
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **BC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+
+**BC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where bc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **BC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **BC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**BC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+The actual values can be queried with the **limits** statement.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**POSIXLY_CORRECT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+ the **-s** option was given.
+
+**BC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to bc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **BC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+
+ The code that parses **BC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"bc\" file.bc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **BC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**BC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), bc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash (**\\**). The default line
+ length is **70**.
+
+**BC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**) operator and the corresponding assignment operator.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid,
+ giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an
+ invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is
+ not a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection of the
+ **SYNTAX** section), giving an invalid **auto** list, having a duplicate
+ **auto**/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code block,
+ attempting to return a value from a **void** function, attempting to use a
+ variable as a reference, and using any extensions when the option **-s** or
+ any equivalents were given.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, passing the wrong number of
+ arguments to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and
+ attempting to use a **void** function call as a value in an expression.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Per the [standard][1], bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the **COMMAND LINE HISTORY**
+section). It is also required to enable special handling for **SIGINT** signals.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If bc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If bc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals. The one exception is **SIGHUP**; in that
+case, when bc(1) is in TTY mode, a **SIGHUP** will cause bc(1) to clean up and
+exit.
+
+# COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+
+bc(1) supports interactive command-line editing. If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see
+the **TTY MODE** section), history is enabled. Previous lines can be recalled
+and edited with the arrow keys.
+
+**Note**: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+
+# LOCALES
+
+This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales
+and thus, supports **LC_MESSAGES**.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+dc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+bc(1) is compliant with the [IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1]
+specification. The flags **-efghiqsvVw**, all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that
+use a period (**.**) as a radix point, regardless of the value of
+**LC_NUMERIC**.
+
+This bc(1) supports error messages for different locales, and thus, it supports
+**LC_MESSAGES**.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
+[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero
+[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place
+[5]: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/H.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/H.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/H.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1680 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# NAME
+
+bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**bc** [**-ghilPqsvVw**] [**--global-stacks**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--mathlib**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--quiet**] [**--standard**] [**--warn**] [**--version**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...]
+[*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by
+POSIX. (The current standard is [here][1].) The language provides unlimited
+precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the
+command line and executes them before reading from **stdin**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+
+**-g**, **--global-stacks**
+
+: Turns the globals **ibase**, **obase**, **scale**, and **seed** into stacks.
+
+ This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all four are pushed
+ onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function
+ returns. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those
+ globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+ Thus, a hypothetical function named **output(x,b)** that simply printed
+ **x** in base **b** could be written like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ obase=b
+ x
+ }
+
+ instead of like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ auto c
+ c=obase
+ obase=b
+ x
+ obase=c
+ }
+
+ This makes writing functions much easier.
+
+ (**Note**: the function **output(x,b)** exists in the extended math library.
+ See the **LIBRARY** section.)
+
+ However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set **ibase**,
+ **obase**, **scale**, or **seed** globally, functions that are made to do so
+ cannot work anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has
+ a solution.
+
+ First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+ converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+ aliases. Examples:
+
+ alias d2o="bc -e ibase=A -e obase=8"
+ alias h2b="bc -e ibase=G -e obase=2"
+
+ Second, if the purpose of a function is to set **ibase**, **obase**,
+ **scale**, or **seed** globally for any other purpose, it could be split
+ into one to four functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of
+ those functions could return the desired value for a global.
+
+ For functions that set **seed**, the value assigned to **seed** is not
+ propagated to parent functions. This means that the sequence of
+ pseudo-random numbers that they see will not be the same sequence of
+ pseudo-random numbers that any parent sees. This is only the case once
+ **seed** has been set.
+
+ If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo-random numbers
+ of its parents, but wants to use the same **seed**, it can use the following
+ line:
+
+ seed = seed
+
+ If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users
+ could make sure to define **BC_ENV_ARGS** and include this option (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section for more details).
+
+ If **-s**, **-w**, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-l**, **--mathlib**
+
+: Sets **scale** (see the **SYNTAX** section) to **20** and loads the included
+ math library and the extended math library before running any code,
+ including any expressions or files specified on the command line.
+
+ To learn what is in the libraries, see the **LIBRARY** section.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: Disables the prompt in TTY mode. (The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+ See the **TTY MODE** section) This is mostly for those users that do not
+ want a prompt or are not used to having them in bc(1). Most of those users
+ would want to put this option in **BC_ENV_ARGS** (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-q**, **--quiet**
+
+: Do not print copyright header. bc(1) will also suppress the header in
+ non-interactive mode.
+
+ This is mostly for compatibility with the [GNU bc(1)][2].
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-s**, **--standard**
+
+: Process exactly the language defined by the [standard][1] and error if any
+ extensions are used.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-w**, **--warn**
+
+: Like **-s** and **--standard**, except that warnings (and not errors) are
+ printed for non-standard extensions and execution continues normally.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **bc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **bc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. This
+bc(1) follows the [POSIX standard][1], which is a much more thorough resource
+for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a
+listing of all the extensions to the standard.
+
+In the sections below, **E** means expression, **S** means statement, and **I**
+means identifier.
+
+Identifiers (**I**) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any
+number (up to **BC_NAME_MAX-1**) of lowercase letters (**a-z**), digits
+(**0-9**), and underscores (**\_**). The regex is **\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\***.
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**ibase** is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers. It
+is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers.
+**ibase** is initially **10**. If the **-s** (**--standard**) and **-w**
+(**--warn**) flags were not given on the command line, the max allowable value
+for **ibase** is **36**. Otherwise, it is **16**. The min allowable value for
+**ibase** is **2**. The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in
+bc(1) programs with the **maxibase()** built-in function.
+
+**obase** is a global variable determining how to output results. It is the
+"output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers. **obase** is
+initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is **BC_BASE_MAX** and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxobase()** built-in function. The
+min allowable value for **obase** is **0**. If **obase** is **0**, values are
+output in scientific notation, and if **obase** is **1**, values are output in
+engineering notation. Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are **non-portable
+extensions**.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a global variable that
+sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions. **scale** is initially
+**0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max allowable value for **scale** is
+**BC_SCALE_MAX** and can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxscale()**
+built-in function.
+
+bc(1) has both *global* variables and *local* variables. All *local*
+variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in
+the **auto** list of a function (see the **FUNCTIONS** section). If a variable
+is accessed which is not a parameter or in the **auto** list, it is assumed to
+be *global*. If a parent function has a *local* variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers *global*, the value of that *global* variable in
+the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not the
+value of the actual *global* variable.
+
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an
+assignment operator *and* the expression is notsurrounded by parentheses.
+
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable **last**. A
+single dot (**.**) may also be used as a synonym for **last**. These are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+
+## Comments
+
+There are two kinds of comments:
+
+1. Block comments are enclosed in **/\*** and **\*/**.
+2. Line comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This
+ is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Named Expressions
+
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+
+1. Variables: **I**
+2. Array Elements: **I[E]**
+3. **ibase**
+4. **obase**
+5. **scale**
+6. **seed**
+7. **last** or a single dot (**.**)
+
+Numbers 6 and 7 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+The meaning of **seed** is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
+generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
+
+The *scale* and sign of the value may be significant.
+
+If a previously used **seed** value is assigned to **seed** and used again, the
+pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers as it did when the **seed** value was previously used.
+
+The exact value assigned to **seed** is not guaranteed to be returned if
+**seed** is queried again immediately. However, if **seed** *does* return a
+different value, both values, when assigned to **seed**, are guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain
+values assigned to **seed** will *not* produce unique sequences of pseudo-random
+numbers. The value of **seed** will change after any use of the **rand()** and
+**irand(E)** operands (see the *Operands* subsection below), except if the
+parameter passed to **irand(E)** is **0**, **1**, or negative.
+
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
+*scale* of the value that can be assigned to **seed**.
+
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as
+variables. This also applies to functions (see the **FUNCTIONS** section), so a
+user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and
+they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions or not.
+
+Named expressions are required as the operand of **increment**/**decrement**
+operators and as the left side of **assignment** operators (see the *Operators*
+subsection).
+
+## Operands
+
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+
+1. Numbers (see the *Numbers* subsection below).
+2. Array indices (**I[E]**).
+3. **(E)**: The value of **E** (used to change precedence).
+4. **sqrt(E)**: The square root of **E**. **E** must be non-negative.
+5. **length(E)**: The number of significant decimal digits in **E**.
+6. **length(I[])**: The number of elements in the array **I**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+7. **scale(E)**: The *scale* of **E**.
+8. **abs(E)**: The absolute value of **E**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+9. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a non-**void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+10. **read()**: Reads a line from **stdin** and uses that as an expression. The
+ result of that expression is the result of the **read()** operand. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+11. **maxibase()**: The max allowable **ibase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+12. **maxobase()**: The max allowable **obase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+13. **maxscale()**: The max allowable **scale**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+14. **rand()**: A pseudo-random integer between **0** (inclusive) and
+ **BC_RAND_MAX** (inclusive). Using this operand will change the value of
+ **seed**. This is a **non-portable extension**.
+15. **irand(E)**: A pseudo-random integer between **0** (inclusive) and the
+ value of **E** (exclusive). If **E** is negative or is a non-integer
+ (**E**'s *scale* is not **0**), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets (see
+ the **RESET** section) while **seed** remains unchanged. If **E** is larger
+ than **BC_RAND_MAX**, the higher bound is honored by generating several
+ pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of
+ **BC_RAND_MAX+1**, and adding them together. Thus, the size of integer that
+ can be generated with this operand is unbounded. Using this operand will
+ change the value of **seed**, unless the value of **E** is **0** or **1**.
+ In that case, **0** is returned, and **seed** is *not* changed. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+16. **maxrand()**: The max integer returned by **rand()**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+The integers generated by **rand()** and **irand(E)** are guaranteed to be as
+unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of the pseudo-random number
+generator.
+
+**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with
+**rand()** and **irand(E)** are guaranteed to *NOT* be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
+they *are* guaranteed to be reproducible with identical **seed** values.
+
+## Numbers
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most **1**
+period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **BC_NUM_MAX** digits. Uppercase
+letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e., **A** equals
+**10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value
+of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **Z** alone always equals decimal
+**35**.
+
+In addition, bc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation. These have the form
+**\<number\>e\<integer\>**. The power (the portion after the **e**) must be an
+integer. An example is **1.89237e9**, which is equal to **1892370000**. Negative
+exponents are also allowed, so **4.2890e-3** is equal to **0.0042890**.
+
+Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the **-s** or **-w**,
+respectively, command-line options (or equivalents) are given.
+
+**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
+interpreted according to the current **ibase**, but the number is still
+multiplied by **10\^exponent** regardless of the current **ibase**. For example,
+if **ibase** is **16** and bc(1) is given the number string **FFeA**, the
+resulting decimal number will be **2550000000000**, and if bc(1) is given the
+number string **10e-4**, the resulting decimal number will be **0.0016**.
+
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Operators
+
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used. They are listed in
+order of decreasing precedence. Operators in the same group have the same
+precedence.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: Type: Prefix and Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **increment**, **decrement**
+
+**-** **!**
+
+: Type: Prefix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **negation**, **boolean not**
+
+**\$**
+
+: Type: Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **truncation**
+
+**\@**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **set precision**
+
+**\^**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **power**
+
+**\*** **/** **%**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **multiply**, **divide**, **modulus**
+
+**+** **-**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **add**, **subtract**
+
+**\<\<** **\>\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **shift left**, **shift right**
+
+**=** **\<\<=** **\>\>=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=** **\@=**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **assignment**
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **relational**
+
+**&&**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean and**
+
+**||**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean or**
+
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: The prefix and postfix **increment** and **decrement** operators behave
+ exactly like they would in C. They require a named expression (see the
+ *Named Expressions* subsection) as an operand.
+
+ The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where
+ possible.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **negation** operator returns **0** if a user attempts to negate any
+ expression with the value **0**. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with
+ its sign flipped is returned.
+
+**!**
+
+: The **boolean not** operator returns **1** if the expression is **0**, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\$**
+
+: The **truncation** operator returns a copy of the given expression with all
+ of its *scale* removed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\@**
+
+: The **set precision** operator takes two expressions and returns a copy of
+ the first with its *scale* equal to the value of the second expression. That
+ could either mean that the number is returned without change (if the
+ *scale* of the first expression matches the value of the second
+ expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is more).
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The **power** operator (not the **exclusive or** operator, as it would be in
+ C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of
+ the second.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*), and if it is
+ negative, the first value must be non-zero.
+
+**\***
+
+: The **multiply** operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and
+ returns the product. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result is
+ equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The **divide** operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the
+ quotient. The *scale* of the result shall be the value of **scale**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The **modulus** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ evaluates them by 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale** and 2) Using the
+ result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**+**
+
+: The **add** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and returns the
+ sum, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of **a** and **b**.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **subtract** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns the difference, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of
+ **a** and **b**.
+
+**\<\<**
+
+: The **left shift** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns a copy of the value of **a** with its decimal point moved **b**
+ places to the right.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\>\>**
+
+: The **right shift** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns a copy of the value of **a** with its decimal point moved **b**
+ places to the left.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=** **\<\<=** **\>\>=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=** **\@=**
+
+: The **assignment** operators take two expressions, **a** and **b** where
+ **a** is a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection).
+
+ For **=**, **b** is copied and the result is assigned to **a**. For all
+ others, **a** and **b** are applied as operands to the corresponding
+ arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to **a**.
+
+ The **assignment** operators that correspond to operators that are
+ extensions are themselves **non-portable extensions**.
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: The **relational** operators compare two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ if the relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is
+ **1**. Otherwise, it is **0**.
+
+ Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+ **assignment** operators, which means that **a=b\>c** is interpreted as
+ **(a=b)\>c**.
+
+ Also, unlike the [standard][1] requires, these operators can appear anywhere
+ any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**&&**
+
+: The **boolean and** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if both
+ expressions are non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**||**
+
+: The **boolean or** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if one
+ of the expressions is non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Statements
+
+The following items are statements:
+
+1. **E**
+2. **{** **S** **;** ... **;** **S** **}**
+3. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+4. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S** **else** **S**
+5. **while** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+6. **for** **(** **E** **;** **E** **;** **E** **)** **S**
+7. An empty statement
+8. **break**
+9. **continue**
+10. **quit**
+11. **halt**
+12. **limits**
+13. A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+14. **print** **E** **,** ... **,** **E**
+15. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+Also, as a **non-portable extension**, any or all of the expressions in the
+header of a for loop may be omitted. If the condition (second expression) is
+omitted, it is assumed to be a constant **1**.
+
+The **break** statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution
+immediately following a loop. This is only allowed in loops.
+
+The **continue** statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to
+the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition. This is only
+allowed in loops.
+
+The **if** **else** statement does the same thing as in C.
+
+The **quit** statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will
+not be executed (it is a compile-time command).
+
+The **halt** statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed. (Unlike **quit**
+if it is on a branch of an **if** statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not
+quit.)
+
+The **limits** statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to. This
+is like the **quit** statement in that it is a compile-time command.
+
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+
+Both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for printing the
+results of expressions. Scientific notation is activated by assigning **0** to
+**obase**, and engineering notation is activated by assigning **1** to
+**obase**. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to **obase**.
+
+Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is run with
+either the **-s** or **-w** command-line options (or equivalents).
+
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+## Print Statement
+
+The "expressions" in a **print** statement may also be strings. If they are, there
+are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially. What those
+sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
+
+-------- -------
+**\\a** **\\a**
+**\\b** **\\b**
+**\\\\** **\\**
+**\\e** **\\**
+**\\f** **\\f**
+**\\n** **\\n**
+**\\q** **"**
+**\\r** **\\r**
+**\\t** **\\t**
+-------- -------
+
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to
+be printed as-is.
+
+Any non-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to **last**,
+like any other expression that is printed.
+
+## Order of Evaluation
+
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary
+to maintain order of operations. This means, for example, assuming that **i** is
+equal to **0**, in the expression
+
+ a[i++] = i++
+
+the first (or 0th) element of **a** is set to **1**, and **i** is equal to **2**
+at the end of the expression.
+
+This includes function arguments. Thus, assuming **i** is equal to **0**, this
+means that in the expression
+
+ x(i++, i++)
+
+the first argument passed to **x()** is **0**, and the second argument is **1**,
+while **i** is equal to **2** before the function starts executing.
+
+# FUNCTIONS
+
+Function definitions are as follows:
+
+```
+define I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return(E)
+}
+```
+
+Any **I** in the parameter list or **auto** list may be replaced with **I[]** to
+make a parameter or **auto** var an array, and any **I** in the parameter list
+may be replaced with **\*I[]** to make a parameter an array reference. Callers
+of functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call;
+they must be called with just **I[]** like normal array parameters and will be
+automatically converted into references.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the opening brace of a **define** statement may
+appear on the next line.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the return statement may also be in one of the
+following forms:
+
+1. **return**
+2. **return** **(** **)**
+3. **return** **E**
+
+The first two, or not specifying a **return** statement, is equivalent to
+**return (0)**, unless the function is a **void** function (see the *Void
+Functions* subsection below).
+
+## Void Functions
+
+Functions can also be **void** functions, defined as follows:
+
+```
+define void I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return
+}
+```
+
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would
+be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+
+Void functions can only use the first two **return** statements listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have
+variables, arrays, and functions named **void**. The word "void" is only
+treated specially right after the **define** keyword.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Array References
+
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
+
+```
+*I[]
+```
+
+it is a **reference**. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected,
+when the function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# LIBRARY
+
+All of the functions below, including the functions in the extended math
+library (see the *Extended Library* subsection below), are available when the
+**-l** or **--mathlib** command-line flags are given, except that the extended
+math library is not available when the **-s** option, the **-w** option, or
+equivalents are given.
+
+## Standard Library
+
+The [standard][1] defines the following functions for the math library:
+
+**s(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**c(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l(x)**
+
+: Returns the natural logarithm of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**e(x)**
+
+: Returns the mathematical constant **e** raised to the power of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**j(x, n)**
+
+: Returns the bessel integer order **n** (truncated) of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+## Extended Library
+
+The extended library is *not* loaded when the **-s**/**--standard** or
+**-w**/**--warn** options are given since they are not part of the library
+defined by the [standard][1].
+
+The extended library is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**p(x, y)**
+
+: Calculates **x** to the power of **y**, even if **y** is not an integer, and
+ returns the result to the current **scale**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**r(x, p)**
+
+: Returns **x** rounded to **p** decimal places according to the rounding mode
+ [round half away from **0**][3].
+
+**ceil(x, p)**
+
+: Returns **x** rounded to **p** decimal places according to the rounding mode
+ [round away from **0**][6].
+
+**f(x)**
+
+: Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of **x**.
+
+**perm(n, k)**
+
+: Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of **n** of the
+ truncated absolute value of **k**, if **k \<= n**. If not, it returns **0**.
+
+**comb(n, k)**
+
+: Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of **n** of the
+ truncated absolute value of **k**, if **k \<= n**. If not, it returns **0**.
+
+**l2(x)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **2** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l10(x)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **10** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**log(x, b)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **b** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**cbrt(x)**
+
+: Returns the cube root of **x**.
+
+**root(x, n)**
+
+: Calculates the truncated value of **n**, **r**, and returns the **r**th root
+ of **x** to the current **scale**.
+
+ If **r** is **0** or negative, this raises an error and causes bc(1) to
+ reset (see the **RESET** section). It also raises an error and causes bc(1)
+ to reset if **r** is even and **x** is negative.
+
+**pi(p)**
+
+: Returns **pi** to **p** decimal places.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**t(x)**
+
+: Returns the tangent of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a2(y, x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **y/x**, in radians. If both **y** and **x** are
+ equal to **0**, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the
+ **RESET** section). Otherwise, if **x** is greater than **0**, it returns
+ **a(y/x)**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y** is greater than or equal
+ to **0**, it returns **a(y/x)+pi**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y**
+ is less than **0**, it returns **a(y/x)-pi**. If **x** is equal to **0**,
+ and **y** is greater than **0**, it returns **pi/2**. If **x** is equal to
+ **0**, and **y** is less than **0**, it returns **-pi/2**.
+
+ This function is the same as the **atan2()** function in many programming
+ languages.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**sin(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **s(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**cos(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **c(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**tan(x)**
+
+: Returns the tangent of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ If **x** is equal to **1** or **-1**, this raises an error and causes bc(1)
+ to reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is an alias of **t(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**atan(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **a(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**atan2(y, x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **y/x**, in radians. If both **y** and **x** are
+ equal to **0**, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the
+ **RESET** section). Otherwise, if **x** is greater than **0**, it returns
+ **a(y/x)**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y** is greater than or equal
+ to **0**, it returns **a(y/x)+pi**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y**
+ is less than **0**, it returns **a(y/x)-pi**. If **x** is equal to **0**,
+ and **y** is greater than **0**, it returns **pi/2**. If **x** is equal to
+ **0**, and **y** is less than **0**, it returns **-pi/2**.
+
+ This function is the same as the **atan2()** function in many programming
+ languages.
+
+ This is an alias of **a2(y, x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**r2d(x)**
+
+: Converts **x** from radians to degrees and returns the result.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**d2r(x)**
+
+: Converts **x** from degrees to radians and returns the result.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**frand(p)**
+
+: Generates a pseudo-random number between **0** (inclusive) and **1**
+ (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal
+ to the truncated absolute value of **p**. If **p** is not **0**, then
+ calling this function will change the value of **seed**. If **p** is **0**,
+ then **0** is returned, and **seed** is *not* changed.
+
+**ifrand(i, p)**
+
+: Generates a pseudo-random number that is between **0** (inclusive) and the
+ truncated absolute value of **i** (exclusive) with the number of decimal
+ digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of
+ **p**. If the absolute value of **i** is greater than or equal to **2**, and
+ **p** is not **0**, then calling this function will change the value of
+ **seed**; otherwise, **0** is returned and **seed** is not changed.
+
+**srand(x)**
+
+: Returns **x** with its sign flipped with probability **0.5**. In other
+ words, it randomizes the sign of **x**.
+
+**brand()**
+
+: Returns a random boolean value (either **0** or **1**).
+
+**ubytes(x)**
+
+: Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the truncated
+ absolute value of **x**.
+
+**sbytes(x)**
+
+: Returns the numbers of signed, two's-complement integer bytes required to
+ hold the truncated value of **x**.
+
+**hex(x)**
+
+: Outputs the hexadecimal (base **16**) representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**binary(x)**
+
+: Outputs the binary (base **2**) representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output(x, b)**
+
+: Outputs the base **b** representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both outputs are
+ split into bytes separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or is negative, an error message is printed
+ instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both
+ outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1)
+ is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uintn(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **n** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **n** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**intn(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **n** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **n** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint8(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **1** byte. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **1** byte, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int8(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **1** byte. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **1** byte, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint16(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **2** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **2** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int16(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **2** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **2** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint32(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **4** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **4** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int32(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **4** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **4** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint64(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **8** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **8** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int64(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **8** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **8** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**hex_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in hexadecimal using **n** bytes. Not all of the value will
+ be output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**binary_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in binary using **n** bytes. Not all of the value will be
+ output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in the current **obase** (see the **SYNTAX** section) using
+ **n** bytes. Not all of the value will be output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output_byte(x, i)**
+
+: Outputs byte **i** of the truncated absolute value of **x**, where **0** is
+ the least significant byte and **number_of_bytes - 1** is the most
+ significant byte.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+## Transcendental Functions
+
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1
+[ULP][4]). This is unavoidable, and [this article][5] explains why it is
+impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental
+functions.
+
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions
+with the precision (**scale**) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary. If
+exact results are *absolutely* required, users can double the precision
+(**scale**) and then truncate.
+
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+
+* **s(x)**
+* **c(x)**
+* **a(x)**
+* **l(x)**
+* **e(x)**
+* **j(x, n)**
+
+The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
+
+* **l2(x)**
+* **l10(x)**
+* **log(x, b)**
+* **pi(p)**
+* **t(x)**
+* **a2(y, x)**
+* **sin(x)**
+* **cos(x)**
+* **tan(x)**
+* **atan(x)**
+* **atan2(y, x)**
+* **r2d(x)**
+* **d2r(x)**
+
+# RESET
+
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+functions returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to
+start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most bc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This bc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **BC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **BC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+The actual values of **BC_LONG_BIT** and **BC_BASE_DIGS** can be queried with
+the **limits** statement.
+
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **BC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+
+**BC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where bc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **BC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **BC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**BC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_RAND_MAX**
+
+: The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the **rand()** operand. Set at
+ **2\^BC_LONG_BIT-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+The actual values can be queried with the **limits** statement.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**POSIXLY_CORRECT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+ the **-s** option was given.
+
+**BC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to bc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **BC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+
+ The code that parses **BC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"bc\" file.bc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **BC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**BC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), bc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash (**\\**). The default line
+ length is **70**.
+
+**BC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
+ generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**), places (**\@**), left shift (**\<\<**), and right shift (**\>\>**)
+ operators and their corresponding assignment operators.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid,
+ giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an
+ invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is
+ not a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection of the
+ **SYNTAX** section), giving an invalid **auto** list, having a duplicate
+ **auto**/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code block,
+ attempting to return a value from a **void** function, attempting to use a
+ variable as a reference, and using any extensions when the option **-s** or
+ any equivalents were given.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, passing the wrong number of
+ arguments to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and
+ attempting to use a **void** function call as a value in an expression.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Per the [standard][1], bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If bc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If bc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals.
+
+# LOCALES
+
+This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales
+and thus, supports **LC_MESSAGES**.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+dc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+bc(1) is compliant with the [IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1]
+specification. The flags **-efghiqsvVw**, all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that
+use a period (**.**) as a radix point, regardless of the value of
+**LC_NUMERIC**.
+
+This bc(1) supports error messages for different locales, and thus, it supports
+**LC_MESSAGES**.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
+[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero
+[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place
+[5]: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HN.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HN.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HN.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1672 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# NAME
+
+bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**bc** [**-ghilPqsvVw**] [**--global-stacks**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--mathlib**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--quiet**] [**--standard**] [**--warn**] [**--version**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...]
+[*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by
+POSIX. (The current standard is [here][1].) The language provides unlimited
+precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the
+command line and executes them before reading from **stdin**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+
+**-g**, **--global-stacks**
+
+: Turns the globals **ibase**, **obase**, **scale**, and **seed** into stacks.
+
+ This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all four are pushed
+ onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function
+ returns. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those
+ globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+ Thus, a hypothetical function named **output(x,b)** that simply printed
+ **x** in base **b** could be written like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ obase=b
+ x
+ }
+
+ instead of like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ auto c
+ c=obase
+ obase=b
+ x
+ obase=c
+ }
+
+ This makes writing functions much easier.
+
+ (**Note**: the function **output(x,b)** exists in the extended math library.
+ See the **LIBRARY** section.)
+
+ However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set **ibase**,
+ **obase**, **scale**, or **seed** globally, functions that are made to do so
+ cannot work anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has
+ a solution.
+
+ First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+ converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+ aliases. Examples:
+
+ alias d2o="bc -e ibase=A -e obase=8"
+ alias h2b="bc -e ibase=G -e obase=2"
+
+ Second, if the purpose of a function is to set **ibase**, **obase**,
+ **scale**, or **seed** globally for any other purpose, it could be split
+ into one to four functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of
+ those functions could return the desired value for a global.
+
+ For functions that set **seed**, the value assigned to **seed** is not
+ propagated to parent functions. This means that the sequence of
+ pseudo-random numbers that they see will not be the same sequence of
+ pseudo-random numbers that any parent sees. This is only the case once
+ **seed** has been set.
+
+ If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo-random numbers
+ of its parents, but wants to use the same **seed**, it can use the following
+ line:
+
+ seed = seed
+
+ If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users
+ could make sure to define **BC_ENV_ARGS** and include this option (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section for more details).
+
+ If **-s**, **-w**, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-l**, **--mathlib**
+
+: Sets **scale** (see the **SYNTAX** section) to **20** and loads the included
+ math library and the extended math library before running any code,
+ including any expressions or files specified on the command line.
+
+ To learn what is in the libraries, see the **LIBRARY** section.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: Disables the prompt in TTY mode. (The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+ See the **TTY MODE** section) This is mostly for those users that do not
+ want a prompt or are not used to having them in bc(1). Most of those users
+ would want to put this option in **BC_ENV_ARGS** (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-q**, **--quiet**
+
+: Do not print copyright header. bc(1) will also suppress the header in
+ non-interactive mode.
+
+ This is mostly for compatibility with the [GNU bc(1)][2].
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-s**, **--standard**
+
+: Process exactly the language defined by the [standard][1] and error if any
+ extensions are used.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-w**, **--warn**
+
+: Like **-s** and **--standard**, except that warnings (and not errors) are
+ printed for non-standard extensions and execution continues normally.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **bc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **bc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. This
+bc(1) follows the [POSIX standard][1], which is a much more thorough resource
+for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a
+listing of all the extensions to the standard.
+
+In the sections below, **E** means expression, **S** means statement, and **I**
+means identifier.
+
+Identifiers (**I**) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any
+number (up to **BC_NAME_MAX-1**) of lowercase letters (**a-z**), digits
+(**0-9**), and underscores (**\_**). The regex is **\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\***.
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**ibase** is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers. It
+is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers.
+**ibase** is initially **10**. If the **-s** (**--standard**) and **-w**
+(**--warn**) flags were not given on the command line, the max allowable value
+for **ibase** is **36**. Otherwise, it is **16**. The min allowable value for
+**ibase** is **2**. The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in
+bc(1) programs with the **maxibase()** built-in function.
+
+**obase** is a global variable determining how to output results. It is the
+"output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers. **obase** is
+initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is **BC_BASE_MAX** and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxobase()** built-in function. The
+min allowable value for **obase** is **0**. If **obase** is **0**, values are
+output in scientific notation, and if **obase** is **1**, values are output in
+engineering notation. Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are **non-portable
+extensions**.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a global variable that
+sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions. **scale** is initially
+**0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max allowable value for **scale** is
+**BC_SCALE_MAX** and can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxscale()**
+built-in function.
+
+bc(1) has both *global* variables and *local* variables. All *local*
+variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in
+the **auto** list of a function (see the **FUNCTIONS** section). If a variable
+is accessed which is not a parameter or in the **auto** list, it is assumed to
+be *global*. If a parent function has a *local* variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers *global*, the value of that *global* variable in
+the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not the
+value of the actual *global* variable.
+
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an
+assignment operator *and* the expression is notsurrounded by parentheses.
+
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable **last**. A
+single dot (**.**) may also be used as a synonym for **last**. These are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+
+## Comments
+
+There are two kinds of comments:
+
+1. Block comments are enclosed in **/\*** and **\*/**.
+2. Line comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This
+ is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Named Expressions
+
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+
+1. Variables: **I**
+2. Array Elements: **I[E]**
+3. **ibase**
+4. **obase**
+5. **scale**
+6. **seed**
+7. **last** or a single dot (**.**)
+
+Numbers 6 and 7 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+The meaning of **seed** is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
+generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
+
+The *scale* and sign of the value may be significant.
+
+If a previously used **seed** value is assigned to **seed** and used again, the
+pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers as it did when the **seed** value was previously used.
+
+The exact value assigned to **seed** is not guaranteed to be returned if
+**seed** is queried again immediately. However, if **seed** *does* return a
+different value, both values, when assigned to **seed**, are guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain
+values assigned to **seed** will *not* produce unique sequences of pseudo-random
+numbers. The value of **seed** will change after any use of the **rand()** and
+**irand(E)** operands (see the *Operands* subsection below), except if the
+parameter passed to **irand(E)** is **0**, **1**, or negative.
+
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
+*scale* of the value that can be assigned to **seed**.
+
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as
+variables. This also applies to functions (see the **FUNCTIONS** section), so a
+user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and
+they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions or not.
+
+Named expressions are required as the operand of **increment**/**decrement**
+operators and as the left side of **assignment** operators (see the *Operators*
+subsection).
+
+## Operands
+
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+
+1. Numbers (see the *Numbers* subsection below).
+2. Array indices (**I[E]**).
+3. **(E)**: The value of **E** (used to change precedence).
+4. **sqrt(E)**: The square root of **E**. **E** must be non-negative.
+5. **length(E)**: The number of significant decimal digits in **E**.
+6. **length(I[])**: The number of elements in the array **I**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+7. **scale(E)**: The *scale* of **E**.
+8. **abs(E)**: The absolute value of **E**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+9. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a non-**void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+10. **read()**: Reads a line from **stdin** and uses that as an expression. The
+ result of that expression is the result of the **read()** operand. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+11. **maxibase()**: The max allowable **ibase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+12. **maxobase()**: The max allowable **obase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+13. **maxscale()**: The max allowable **scale**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+14. **rand()**: A pseudo-random integer between **0** (inclusive) and
+ **BC_RAND_MAX** (inclusive). Using this operand will change the value of
+ **seed**. This is a **non-portable extension**.
+15. **irand(E)**: A pseudo-random integer between **0** (inclusive) and the
+ value of **E** (exclusive). If **E** is negative or is a non-integer
+ (**E**'s *scale* is not **0**), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets (see
+ the **RESET** section) while **seed** remains unchanged. If **E** is larger
+ than **BC_RAND_MAX**, the higher bound is honored by generating several
+ pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of
+ **BC_RAND_MAX+1**, and adding them together. Thus, the size of integer that
+ can be generated with this operand is unbounded. Using this operand will
+ change the value of **seed**, unless the value of **E** is **0** or **1**.
+ In that case, **0** is returned, and **seed** is *not* changed. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+16. **maxrand()**: The max integer returned by **rand()**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+The integers generated by **rand()** and **irand(E)** are guaranteed to be as
+unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of the pseudo-random number
+generator.
+
+**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with
+**rand()** and **irand(E)** are guaranteed to *NOT* be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
+they *are* guaranteed to be reproducible with identical **seed** values.
+
+## Numbers
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most **1**
+period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **BC_NUM_MAX** digits. Uppercase
+letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e., **A** equals
+**10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value
+of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **Z** alone always equals decimal
+**35**.
+
+In addition, bc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation. These have the form
+**\<number\>e\<integer\>**. The power (the portion after the **e**) must be an
+integer. An example is **1.89237e9**, which is equal to **1892370000**. Negative
+exponents are also allowed, so **4.2890e-3** is equal to **0.0042890**.
+
+Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the **-s** or **-w**,
+respectively, command-line options (or equivalents) are given.
+
+**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
+interpreted according to the current **ibase**, but the number is still
+multiplied by **10\^exponent** regardless of the current **ibase**. For example,
+if **ibase** is **16** and bc(1) is given the number string **FFeA**, the
+resulting decimal number will be **2550000000000**, and if bc(1) is given the
+number string **10e-4**, the resulting decimal number will be **0.0016**.
+
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Operators
+
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used. They are listed in
+order of decreasing precedence. Operators in the same group have the same
+precedence.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: Type: Prefix and Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **increment**, **decrement**
+
+**-** **!**
+
+: Type: Prefix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **negation**, **boolean not**
+
+**\$**
+
+: Type: Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **truncation**
+
+**\@**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **set precision**
+
+**\^**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **power**
+
+**\*** **/** **%**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **multiply**, **divide**, **modulus**
+
+**+** **-**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **add**, **subtract**
+
+**\<\<** **\>\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **shift left**, **shift right**
+
+**=** **\<\<=** **\>\>=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=** **\@=**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **assignment**
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **relational**
+
+**&&**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean and**
+
+**||**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean or**
+
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: The prefix and postfix **increment** and **decrement** operators behave
+ exactly like they would in C. They require a named expression (see the
+ *Named Expressions* subsection) as an operand.
+
+ The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where
+ possible.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **negation** operator returns **0** if a user attempts to negate any
+ expression with the value **0**. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with
+ its sign flipped is returned.
+
+**!**
+
+: The **boolean not** operator returns **1** if the expression is **0**, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\$**
+
+: The **truncation** operator returns a copy of the given expression with all
+ of its *scale* removed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\@**
+
+: The **set precision** operator takes two expressions and returns a copy of
+ the first with its *scale* equal to the value of the second expression. That
+ could either mean that the number is returned without change (if the
+ *scale* of the first expression matches the value of the second
+ expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is more).
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The **power** operator (not the **exclusive or** operator, as it would be in
+ C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of
+ the second.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*), and if it is
+ negative, the first value must be non-zero.
+
+**\***
+
+: The **multiply** operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and
+ returns the product. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result is
+ equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The **divide** operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the
+ quotient. The *scale* of the result shall be the value of **scale**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The **modulus** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ evaluates them by 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale** and 2) Using the
+ result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**+**
+
+: The **add** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and returns the
+ sum, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of **a** and **b**.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **subtract** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns the difference, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of
+ **a** and **b**.
+
+**\<\<**
+
+: The **left shift** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns a copy of the value of **a** with its decimal point moved **b**
+ places to the right.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\>\>**
+
+: The **right shift** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns a copy of the value of **a** with its decimal point moved **b**
+ places to the left.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=** **\<\<=** **\>\>=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=** **\@=**
+
+: The **assignment** operators take two expressions, **a** and **b** where
+ **a** is a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection).
+
+ For **=**, **b** is copied and the result is assigned to **a**. For all
+ others, **a** and **b** are applied as operands to the corresponding
+ arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to **a**.
+
+ The **assignment** operators that correspond to operators that are
+ extensions are themselves **non-portable extensions**.
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: The **relational** operators compare two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ if the relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is
+ **1**. Otherwise, it is **0**.
+
+ Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+ **assignment** operators, which means that **a=b\>c** is interpreted as
+ **(a=b)\>c**.
+
+ Also, unlike the [standard][1] requires, these operators can appear anywhere
+ any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**&&**
+
+: The **boolean and** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if both
+ expressions are non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**||**
+
+: The **boolean or** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if one
+ of the expressions is non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Statements
+
+The following items are statements:
+
+1. **E**
+2. **{** **S** **;** ... **;** **S** **}**
+3. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+4. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S** **else** **S**
+5. **while** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+6. **for** **(** **E** **;** **E** **;** **E** **)** **S**
+7. An empty statement
+8. **break**
+9. **continue**
+10. **quit**
+11. **halt**
+12. **limits**
+13. A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+14. **print** **E** **,** ... **,** **E**
+15. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+Also, as a **non-portable extension**, any or all of the expressions in the
+header of a for loop may be omitted. If the condition (second expression) is
+omitted, it is assumed to be a constant **1**.
+
+The **break** statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution
+immediately following a loop. This is only allowed in loops.
+
+The **continue** statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to
+the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition. This is only
+allowed in loops.
+
+The **if** **else** statement does the same thing as in C.
+
+The **quit** statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will
+not be executed (it is a compile-time command).
+
+The **halt** statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed. (Unlike **quit**
+if it is on a branch of an **if** statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not
+quit.)
+
+The **limits** statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to. This
+is like the **quit** statement in that it is a compile-time command.
+
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+
+Both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for printing the
+results of expressions. Scientific notation is activated by assigning **0** to
+**obase**, and engineering notation is activated by assigning **1** to
+**obase**. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to **obase**.
+
+Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is run with
+either the **-s** or **-w** command-line options (or equivalents).
+
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+## Print Statement
+
+The "expressions" in a **print** statement may also be strings. If they are, there
+are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially. What those
+sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
+
+-------- -------
+**\\a** **\\a**
+**\\b** **\\b**
+**\\\\** **\\**
+**\\e** **\\**
+**\\f** **\\f**
+**\\n** **\\n**
+**\\q** **"**
+**\\r** **\\r**
+**\\t** **\\t**
+-------- -------
+
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to
+be printed as-is.
+
+Any non-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to **last**,
+like any other expression that is printed.
+
+## Order of Evaluation
+
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary
+to maintain order of operations. This means, for example, assuming that **i** is
+equal to **0**, in the expression
+
+ a[i++] = i++
+
+the first (or 0th) element of **a** is set to **1**, and **i** is equal to **2**
+at the end of the expression.
+
+This includes function arguments. Thus, assuming **i** is equal to **0**, this
+means that in the expression
+
+ x(i++, i++)
+
+the first argument passed to **x()** is **0**, and the second argument is **1**,
+while **i** is equal to **2** before the function starts executing.
+
+# FUNCTIONS
+
+Function definitions are as follows:
+
+```
+define I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return(E)
+}
+```
+
+Any **I** in the parameter list or **auto** list may be replaced with **I[]** to
+make a parameter or **auto** var an array, and any **I** in the parameter list
+may be replaced with **\*I[]** to make a parameter an array reference. Callers
+of functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call;
+they must be called with just **I[]** like normal array parameters and will be
+automatically converted into references.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the opening brace of a **define** statement may
+appear on the next line.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the return statement may also be in one of the
+following forms:
+
+1. **return**
+2. **return** **(** **)**
+3. **return** **E**
+
+The first two, or not specifying a **return** statement, is equivalent to
+**return (0)**, unless the function is a **void** function (see the *Void
+Functions* subsection below).
+
+## Void Functions
+
+Functions can also be **void** functions, defined as follows:
+
+```
+define void I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return
+}
+```
+
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would
+be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+
+Void functions can only use the first two **return** statements listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have
+variables, arrays, and functions named **void**. The word "void" is only
+treated specially right after the **define** keyword.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Array References
+
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
+
+```
+*I[]
+```
+
+it is a **reference**. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected,
+when the function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# LIBRARY
+
+All of the functions below, including the functions in the extended math
+library (see the *Extended Library* subsection below), are available when the
+**-l** or **--mathlib** command-line flags are given, except that the extended
+math library is not available when the **-s** option, the **-w** option, or
+equivalents are given.
+
+## Standard Library
+
+The [standard][1] defines the following functions for the math library:
+
+**s(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**c(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l(x)**
+
+: Returns the natural logarithm of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**e(x)**
+
+: Returns the mathematical constant **e** raised to the power of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**j(x, n)**
+
+: Returns the bessel integer order **n** (truncated) of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+## Extended Library
+
+The extended library is *not* loaded when the **-s**/**--standard** or
+**-w**/**--warn** options are given since they are not part of the library
+defined by the [standard][1].
+
+The extended library is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**p(x, y)**
+
+: Calculates **x** to the power of **y**, even if **y** is not an integer, and
+ returns the result to the current **scale**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**r(x, p)**
+
+: Returns **x** rounded to **p** decimal places according to the rounding mode
+ [round half away from **0**][3].
+
+**ceil(x, p)**
+
+: Returns **x** rounded to **p** decimal places according to the rounding mode
+ [round away from **0**][6].
+
+**f(x)**
+
+: Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of **x**.
+
+**perm(n, k)**
+
+: Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of **n** of the
+ truncated absolute value of **k**, if **k \<= n**. If not, it returns **0**.
+
+**comb(n, k)**
+
+: Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of **n** of the
+ truncated absolute value of **k**, if **k \<= n**. If not, it returns **0**.
+
+**l2(x)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **2** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l10(x)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **10** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**log(x, b)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **b** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**cbrt(x)**
+
+: Returns the cube root of **x**.
+
+**root(x, n)**
+
+: Calculates the truncated value of **n**, **r**, and returns the **r**th root
+ of **x** to the current **scale**.
+
+ If **r** is **0** or negative, this raises an error and causes bc(1) to
+ reset (see the **RESET** section). It also raises an error and causes bc(1)
+ to reset if **r** is even and **x** is negative.
+
+**pi(p)**
+
+: Returns **pi** to **p** decimal places.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**t(x)**
+
+: Returns the tangent of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a2(y, x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **y/x**, in radians. If both **y** and **x** are
+ equal to **0**, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the
+ **RESET** section). Otherwise, if **x** is greater than **0**, it returns
+ **a(y/x)**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y** is greater than or equal
+ to **0**, it returns **a(y/x)+pi**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y**
+ is less than **0**, it returns **a(y/x)-pi**. If **x** is equal to **0**,
+ and **y** is greater than **0**, it returns **pi/2**. If **x** is equal to
+ **0**, and **y** is less than **0**, it returns **-pi/2**.
+
+ This function is the same as the **atan2()** function in many programming
+ languages.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**sin(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **s(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**cos(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **c(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**tan(x)**
+
+: Returns the tangent of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ If **x** is equal to **1** or **-1**, this raises an error and causes bc(1)
+ to reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is an alias of **t(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**atan(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **a(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**atan2(y, x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **y/x**, in radians. If both **y** and **x** are
+ equal to **0**, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the
+ **RESET** section). Otherwise, if **x** is greater than **0**, it returns
+ **a(y/x)**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y** is greater than or equal
+ to **0**, it returns **a(y/x)+pi**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y**
+ is less than **0**, it returns **a(y/x)-pi**. If **x** is equal to **0**,
+ and **y** is greater than **0**, it returns **pi/2**. If **x** is equal to
+ **0**, and **y** is less than **0**, it returns **-pi/2**.
+
+ This function is the same as the **atan2()** function in many programming
+ languages.
+
+ This is an alias of **a2(y, x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**r2d(x)**
+
+: Converts **x** from radians to degrees and returns the result.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**d2r(x)**
+
+: Converts **x** from degrees to radians and returns the result.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**frand(p)**
+
+: Generates a pseudo-random number between **0** (inclusive) and **1**
+ (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal
+ to the truncated absolute value of **p**. If **p** is not **0**, then
+ calling this function will change the value of **seed**. If **p** is **0**,
+ then **0** is returned, and **seed** is *not* changed.
+
+**ifrand(i, p)**
+
+: Generates a pseudo-random number that is between **0** (inclusive) and the
+ truncated absolute value of **i** (exclusive) with the number of decimal
+ digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of
+ **p**. If the absolute value of **i** is greater than or equal to **2**, and
+ **p** is not **0**, then calling this function will change the value of
+ **seed**; otherwise, **0** is returned and **seed** is not changed.
+
+**srand(x)**
+
+: Returns **x** with its sign flipped with probability **0.5**. In other
+ words, it randomizes the sign of **x**.
+
+**brand()**
+
+: Returns a random boolean value (either **0** or **1**).
+
+**ubytes(x)**
+
+: Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the truncated
+ absolute value of **x**.
+
+**sbytes(x)**
+
+: Returns the numbers of signed, two's-complement integer bytes required to
+ hold the truncated value of **x**.
+
+**hex(x)**
+
+: Outputs the hexadecimal (base **16**) representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**binary(x)**
+
+: Outputs the binary (base **2**) representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output(x, b)**
+
+: Outputs the base **b** representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both outputs are
+ split into bytes separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or is negative, an error message is printed
+ instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both
+ outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1)
+ is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uintn(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **n** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **n** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**intn(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **n** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **n** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint8(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **1** byte. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **1** byte, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int8(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **1** byte. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **1** byte, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint16(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **2** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **2** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int16(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **2** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **2** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint32(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **4** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **4** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int32(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **4** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **4** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint64(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **8** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **8** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int64(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **8** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **8** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**hex_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in hexadecimal using **n** bytes. Not all of the value will
+ be output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**binary_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in binary using **n** bytes. Not all of the value will be
+ output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in the current **obase** (see the **SYNTAX** section) using
+ **n** bytes. Not all of the value will be output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output_byte(x, i)**
+
+: Outputs byte **i** of the truncated absolute value of **x**, where **0** is
+ the least significant byte and **number_of_bytes - 1** is the most
+ significant byte.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+## Transcendental Functions
+
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1
+[ULP][4]). This is unavoidable, and [this article][5] explains why it is
+impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental
+functions.
+
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions
+with the precision (**scale**) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary. If
+exact results are *absolutely* required, users can double the precision
+(**scale**) and then truncate.
+
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+
+* **s(x)**
+* **c(x)**
+* **a(x)**
+* **l(x)**
+* **e(x)**
+* **j(x, n)**
+
+The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
+
+* **l2(x)**
+* **l10(x)**
+* **log(x, b)**
+* **pi(p)**
+* **t(x)**
+* **a2(y, x)**
+* **sin(x)**
+* **cos(x)**
+* **tan(x)**
+* **atan(x)**
+* **atan2(y, x)**
+* **r2d(x)**
+* **d2r(x)**
+
+# RESET
+
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+functions returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to
+start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most bc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This bc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **BC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **BC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+The actual values of **BC_LONG_BIT** and **BC_BASE_DIGS** can be queried with
+the **limits** statement.
+
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **BC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+
+**BC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where bc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **BC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **BC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**BC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_RAND_MAX**
+
+: The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the **rand()** operand. Set at
+ **2\^BC_LONG_BIT-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+The actual values can be queried with the **limits** statement.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**POSIXLY_CORRECT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+ the **-s** option was given.
+
+**BC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to bc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **BC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+
+ The code that parses **BC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"bc\" file.bc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **BC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**BC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), bc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash (**\\**). The default line
+ length is **70**.
+
+**BC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
+ generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**), places (**\@**), left shift (**\<\<**), and right shift (**\>\>**)
+ operators and their corresponding assignment operators.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid,
+ giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an
+ invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is
+ not a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection of the
+ **SYNTAX** section), giving an invalid **auto** list, having a duplicate
+ **auto**/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code block,
+ attempting to return a value from a **void** function, attempting to use a
+ variable as a reference, and using any extensions when the option **-s** or
+ any equivalents were given.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, passing the wrong number of
+ arguments to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and
+ attempting to use a **void** function call as a value in an expression.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Per the [standard][1], bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If bc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If bc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+dc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+bc(1) is compliant with the [IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1]
+specification. The flags **-efghiqsvVw**, all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that
+use a period (**.**) as a radix point, regardless of the value of
+**LC_NUMERIC**.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
+[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero
+[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place
+[5]: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HNP.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HNP.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HNP.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1666 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# NAME
+
+bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**bc** [**-ghilPqsvVw**] [**--global-stacks**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--mathlib**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--quiet**] [**--standard**] [**--warn**] [**--version**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...]
+[*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by
+POSIX. (The current standard is [here][1].) The language provides unlimited
+precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the
+command line and executes them before reading from **stdin**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+
+**-g**, **--global-stacks**
+
+: Turns the globals **ibase**, **obase**, **scale**, and **seed** into stacks.
+
+ This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all four are pushed
+ onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function
+ returns. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those
+ globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+ Thus, a hypothetical function named **output(x,b)** that simply printed
+ **x** in base **b** could be written like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ obase=b
+ x
+ }
+
+ instead of like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ auto c
+ c=obase
+ obase=b
+ x
+ obase=c
+ }
+
+ This makes writing functions much easier.
+
+ (**Note**: the function **output(x,b)** exists in the extended math library.
+ See the **LIBRARY** section.)
+
+ However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set **ibase**,
+ **obase**, **scale**, or **seed** globally, functions that are made to do so
+ cannot work anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has
+ a solution.
+
+ First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+ converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+ aliases. Examples:
+
+ alias d2o="bc -e ibase=A -e obase=8"
+ alias h2b="bc -e ibase=G -e obase=2"
+
+ Second, if the purpose of a function is to set **ibase**, **obase**,
+ **scale**, or **seed** globally for any other purpose, it could be split
+ into one to four functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of
+ those functions could return the desired value for a global.
+
+ For functions that set **seed**, the value assigned to **seed** is not
+ propagated to parent functions. This means that the sequence of
+ pseudo-random numbers that they see will not be the same sequence of
+ pseudo-random numbers that any parent sees. This is only the case once
+ **seed** has been set.
+
+ If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo-random numbers
+ of its parents, but wants to use the same **seed**, it can use the following
+ line:
+
+ seed = seed
+
+ If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users
+ could make sure to define **BC_ENV_ARGS** and include this option (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section for more details).
+
+ If **-s**, **-w**, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-l**, **--mathlib**
+
+: Sets **scale** (see the **SYNTAX** section) to **20** and loads the included
+ math library and the extended math library before running any code,
+ including any expressions or files specified on the command line.
+
+ To learn what is in the libraries, see the **LIBRARY** section.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: This option is a no-op.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-q**, **--quiet**
+
+: Do not print copyright header. bc(1) will also suppress the header in
+ non-interactive mode.
+
+ This is mostly for compatibility with the [GNU bc(1)][2].
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-s**, **--standard**
+
+: Process exactly the language defined by the [standard][1] and error if any
+ extensions are used.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-w**, **--warn**
+
+: Like **-s** and **--standard**, except that warnings (and not errors) are
+ printed for non-standard extensions and execution continues normally.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **bc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **bc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. This
+bc(1) follows the [POSIX standard][1], which is a much more thorough resource
+for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a
+listing of all the extensions to the standard.
+
+In the sections below, **E** means expression, **S** means statement, and **I**
+means identifier.
+
+Identifiers (**I**) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any
+number (up to **BC_NAME_MAX-1**) of lowercase letters (**a-z**), digits
+(**0-9**), and underscores (**\_**). The regex is **\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\***.
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**ibase** is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers. It
+is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers.
+**ibase** is initially **10**. If the **-s** (**--standard**) and **-w**
+(**--warn**) flags were not given on the command line, the max allowable value
+for **ibase** is **36**. Otherwise, it is **16**. The min allowable value for
+**ibase** is **2**. The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in
+bc(1) programs with the **maxibase()** built-in function.
+
+**obase** is a global variable determining how to output results. It is the
+"output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers. **obase** is
+initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is **BC_BASE_MAX** and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxobase()** built-in function. The
+min allowable value for **obase** is **0**. If **obase** is **0**, values are
+output in scientific notation, and if **obase** is **1**, values are output in
+engineering notation. Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are **non-portable
+extensions**.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a global variable that
+sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions. **scale** is initially
+**0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max allowable value for **scale** is
+**BC_SCALE_MAX** and can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxscale()**
+built-in function.
+
+bc(1) has both *global* variables and *local* variables. All *local*
+variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in
+the **auto** list of a function (see the **FUNCTIONS** section). If a variable
+is accessed which is not a parameter or in the **auto** list, it is assumed to
+be *global*. If a parent function has a *local* variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers *global*, the value of that *global* variable in
+the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not the
+value of the actual *global* variable.
+
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an
+assignment operator *and* the expression is notsurrounded by parentheses.
+
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable **last**. A
+single dot (**.**) may also be used as a synonym for **last**. These are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+
+## Comments
+
+There are two kinds of comments:
+
+1. Block comments are enclosed in **/\*** and **\*/**.
+2. Line comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This
+ is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Named Expressions
+
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+
+1. Variables: **I**
+2. Array Elements: **I[E]**
+3. **ibase**
+4. **obase**
+5. **scale**
+6. **seed**
+7. **last** or a single dot (**.**)
+
+Numbers 6 and 7 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+The meaning of **seed** is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
+generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
+
+The *scale* and sign of the value may be significant.
+
+If a previously used **seed** value is assigned to **seed** and used again, the
+pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers as it did when the **seed** value was previously used.
+
+The exact value assigned to **seed** is not guaranteed to be returned if
+**seed** is queried again immediately. However, if **seed** *does* return a
+different value, both values, when assigned to **seed**, are guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain
+values assigned to **seed** will *not* produce unique sequences of pseudo-random
+numbers. The value of **seed** will change after any use of the **rand()** and
+**irand(E)** operands (see the *Operands* subsection below), except if the
+parameter passed to **irand(E)** is **0**, **1**, or negative.
+
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
+*scale* of the value that can be assigned to **seed**.
+
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as
+variables. This also applies to functions (see the **FUNCTIONS** section), so a
+user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and
+they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions or not.
+
+Named expressions are required as the operand of **increment**/**decrement**
+operators and as the left side of **assignment** operators (see the *Operators*
+subsection).
+
+## Operands
+
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+
+1. Numbers (see the *Numbers* subsection below).
+2. Array indices (**I[E]**).
+3. **(E)**: The value of **E** (used to change precedence).
+4. **sqrt(E)**: The square root of **E**. **E** must be non-negative.
+5. **length(E)**: The number of significant decimal digits in **E**.
+6. **length(I[])**: The number of elements in the array **I**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+7. **scale(E)**: The *scale* of **E**.
+8. **abs(E)**: The absolute value of **E**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+9. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a non-**void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+10. **read()**: Reads a line from **stdin** and uses that as an expression. The
+ result of that expression is the result of the **read()** operand. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+11. **maxibase()**: The max allowable **ibase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+12. **maxobase()**: The max allowable **obase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+13. **maxscale()**: The max allowable **scale**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+14. **rand()**: A pseudo-random integer between **0** (inclusive) and
+ **BC_RAND_MAX** (inclusive). Using this operand will change the value of
+ **seed**. This is a **non-portable extension**.
+15. **irand(E)**: A pseudo-random integer between **0** (inclusive) and the
+ value of **E** (exclusive). If **E** is negative or is a non-integer
+ (**E**'s *scale* is not **0**), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets (see
+ the **RESET** section) while **seed** remains unchanged. If **E** is larger
+ than **BC_RAND_MAX**, the higher bound is honored by generating several
+ pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of
+ **BC_RAND_MAX+1**, and adding them together. Thus, the size of integer that
+ can be generated with this operand is unbounded. Using this operand will
+ change the value of **seed**, unless the value of **E** is **0** or **1**.
+ In that case, **0** is returned, and **seed** is *not* changed. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+16. **maxrand()**: The max integer returned by **rand()**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+The integers generated by **rand()** and **irand(E)** are guaranteed to be as
+unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of the pseudo-random number
+generator.
+
+**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with
+**rand()** and **irand(E)** are guaranteed to *NOT* be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
+they *are* guaranteed to be reproducible with identical **seed** values.
+
+## Numbers
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most **1**
+period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **BC_NUM_MAX** digits. Uppercase
+letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e., **A** equals
+**10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value
+of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **Z** alone always equals decimal
+**35**.
+
+In addition, bc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation. These have the form
+**\<number\>e\<integer\>**. The power (the portion after the **e**) must be an
+integer. An example is **1.89237e9**, which is equal to **1892370000**. Negative
+exponents are also allowed, so **4.2890e-3** is equal to **0.0042890**.
+
+Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the **-s** or **-w**,
+respectively, command-line options (or equivalents) are given.
+
+**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
+interpreted according to the current **ibase**, but the number is still
+multiplied by **10\^exponent** regardless of the current **ibase**. For example,
+if **ibase** is **16** and bc(1) is given the number string **FFeA**, the
+resulting decimal number will be **2550000000000**, and if bc(1) is given the
+number string **10e-4**, the resulting decimal number will be **0.0016**.
+
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Operators
+
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used. They are listed in
+order of decreasing precedence. Operators in the same group have the same
+precedence.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: Type: Prefix and Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **increment**, **decrement**
+
+**-** **!**
+
+: Type: Prefix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **negation**, **boolean not**
+
+**\$**
+
+: Type: Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **truncation**
+
+**\@**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **set precision**
+
+**\^**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **power**
+
+**\*** **/** **%**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **multiply**, **divide**, **modulus**
+
+**+** **-**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **add**, **subtract**
+
+**\<\<** **\>\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **shift left**, **shift right**
+
+**=** **\<\<=** **\>\>=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=** **\@=**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **assignment**
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **relational**
+
+**&&**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean and**
+
+**||**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean or**
+
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: The prefix and postfix **increment** and **decrement** operators behave
+ exactly like they would in C. They require a named expression (see the
+ *Named Expressions* subsection) as an operand.
+
+ The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where
+ possible.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **negation** operator returns **0** if a user attempts to negate any
+ expression with the value **0**. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with
+ its sign flipped is returned.
+
+**!**
+
+: The **boolean not** operator returns **1** if the expression is **0**, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\$**
+
+: The **truncation** operator returns a copy of the given expression with all
+ of its *scale* removed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\@**
+
+: The **set precision** operator takes two expressions and returns a copy of
+ the first with its *scale* equal to the value of the second expression. That
+ could either mean that the number is returned without change (if the
+ *scale* of the first expression matches the value of the second
+ expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is more).
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The **power** operator (not the **exclusive or** operator, as it would be in
+ C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of
+ the second.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*), and if it is
+ negative, the first value must be non-zero.
+
+**\***
+
+: The **multiply** operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and
+ returns the product. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result is
+ equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The **divide** operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the
+ quotient. The *scale* of the result shall be the value of **scale**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The **modulus** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ evaluates them by 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale** and 2) Using the
+ result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**+**
+
+: The **add** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and returns the
+ sum, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of **a** and **b**.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **subtract** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns the difference, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of
+ **a** and **b**.
+
+**\<\<**
+
+: The **left shift** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns a copy of the value of **a** with its decimal point moved **b**
+ places to the right.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\>\>**
+
+: The **right shift** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns a copy of the value of **a** with its decimal point moved **b**
+ places to the left.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=** **\<\<=** **\>\>=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=** **\@=**
+
+: The **assignment** operators take two expressions, **a** and **b** where
+ **a** is a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection).
+
+ For **=**, **b** is copied and the result is assigned to **a**. For all
+ others, **a** and **b** are applied as operands to the corresponding
+ arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to **a**.
+
+ The **assignment** operators that correspond to operators that are
+ extensions are themselves **non-portable extensions**.
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: The **relational** operators compare two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ if the relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is
+ **1**. Otherwise, it is **0**.
+
+ Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+ **assignment** operators, which means that **a=b\>c** is interpreted as
+ **(a=b)\>c**.
+
+ Also, unlike the [standard][1] requires, these operators can appear anywhere
+ any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**&&**
+
+: The **boolean and** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if both
+ expressions are non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**||**
+
+: The **boolean or** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if one
+ of the expressions is non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Statements
+
+The following items are statements:
+
+1. **E**
+2. **{** **S** **;** ... **;** **S** **}**
+3. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+4. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S** **else** **S**
+5. **while** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+6. **for** **(** **E** **;** **E** **;** **E** **)** **S**
+7. An empty statement
+8. **break**
+9. **continue**
+10. **quit**
+11. **halt**
+12. **limits**
+13. A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+14. **print** **E** **,** ... **,** **E**
+15. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+Also, as a **non-portable extension**, any or all of the expressions in the
+header of a for loop may be omitted. If the condition (second expression) is
+omitted, it is assumed to be a constant **1**.
+
+The **break** statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution
+immediately following a loop. This is only allowed in loops.
+
+The **continue** statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to
+the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition. This is only
+allowed in loops.
+
+The **if** **else** statement does the same thing as in C.
+
+The **quit** statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will
+not be executed (it is a compile-time command).
+
+The **halt** statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed. (Unlike **quit**
+if it is on a branch of an **if** statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not
+quit.)
+
+The **limits** statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to. This
+is like the **quit** statement in that it is a compile-time command.
+
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+
+Both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for printing the
+results of expressions. Scientific notation is activated by assigning **0** to
+**obase**, and engineering notation is activated by assigning **1** to
+**obase**. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to **obase**.
+
+Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is run with
+either the **-s** or **-w** command-line options (or equivalents).
+
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+## Print Statement
+
+The "expressions" in a **print** statement may also be strings. If they are, there
+are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially. What those
+sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
+
+-------- -------
+**\\a** **\\a**
+**\\b** **\\b**
+**\\\\** **\\**
+**\\e** **\\**
+**\\f** **\\f**
+**\\n** **\\n**
+**\\q** **"**
+**\\r** **\\r**
+**\\t** **\\t**
+-------- -------
+
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to
+be printed as-is.
+
+Any non-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to **last**,
+like any other expression that is printed.
+
+## Order of Evaluation
+
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary
+to maintain order of operations. This means, for example, assuming that **i** is
+equal to **0**, in the expression
+
+ a[i++] = i++
+
+the first (or 0th) element of **a** is set to **1**, and **i** is equal to **2**
+at the end of the expression.
+
+This includes function arguments. Thus, assuming **i** is equal to **0**, this
+means that in the expression
+
+ x(i++, i++)
+
+the first argument passed to **x()** is **0**, and the second argument is **1**,
+while **i** is equal to **2** before the function starts executing.
+
+# FUNCTIONS
+
+Function definitions are as follows:
+
+```
+define I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return(E)
+}
+```
+
+Any **I** in the parameter list or **auto** list may be replaced with **I[]** to
+make a parameter or **auto** var an array, and any **I** in the parameter list
+may be replaced with **\*I[]** to make a parameter an array reference. Callers
+of functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call;
+they must be called with just **I[]** like normal array parameters and will be
+automatically converted into references.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the opening brace of a **define** statement may
+appear on the next line.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the return statement may also be in one of the
+following forms:
+
+1. **return**
+2. **return** **(** **)**
+3. **return** **E**
+
+The first two, or not specifying a **return** statement, is equivalent to
+**return (0)**, unless the function is a **void** function (see the *Void
+Functions* subsection below).
+
+## Void Functions
+
+Functions can also be **void** functions, defined as follows:
+
+```
+define void I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return
+}
+```
+
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would
+be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+
+Void functions can only use the first two **return** statements listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have
+variables, arrays, and functions named **void**. The word "void" is only
+treated specially right after the **define** keyword.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Array References
+
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
+
+```
+*I[]
+```
+
+it is a **reference**. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected,
+when the function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# LIBRARY
+
+All of the functions below, including the functions in the extended math
+library (see the *Extended Library* subsection below), are available when the
+**-l** or **--mathlib** command-line flags are given, except that the extended
+math library is not available when the **-s** option, the **-w** option, or
+equivalents are given.
+
+## Standard Library
+
+The [standard][1] defines the following functions for the math library:
+
+**s(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**c(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l(x)**
+
+: Returns the natural logarithm of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**e(x)**
+
+: Returns the mathematical constant **e** raised to the power of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**j(x, n)**
+
+: Returns the bessel integer order **n** (truncated) of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+## Extended Library
+
+The extended library is *not* loaded when the **-s**/**--standard** or
+**-w**/**--warn** options are given since they are not part of the library
+defined by the [standard][1].
+
+The extended library is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**p(x, y)**
+
+: Calculates **x** to the power of **y**, even if **y** is not an integer, and
+ returns the result to the current **scale**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**r(x, p)**
+
+: Returns **x** rounded to **p** decimal places according to the rounding mode
+ [round half away from **0**][3].
+
+**ceil(x, p)**
+
+: Returns **x** rounded to **p** decimal places according to the rounding mode
+ [round away from **0**][6].
+
+**f(x)**
+
+: Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of **x**.
+
+**perm(n, k)**
+
+: Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of **n** of the
+ truncated absolute value of **k**, if **k \<= n**. If not, it returns **0**.
+
+**comb(n, k)**
+
+: Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of **n** of the
+ truncated absolute value of **k**, if **k \<= n**. If not, it returns **0**.
+
+**l2(x)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **2** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l10(x)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **10** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**log(x, b)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **b** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**cbrt(x)**
+
+: Returns the cube root of **x**.
+
+**root(x, n)**
+
+: Calculates the truncated value of **n**, **r**, and returns the **r**th root
+ of **x** to the current **scale**.
+
+ If **r** is **0** or negative, this raises an error and causes bc(1) to
+ reset (see the **RESET** section). It also raises an error and causes bc(1)
+ to reset if **r** is even and **x** is negative.
+
+**pi(p)**
+
+: Returns **pi** to **p** decimal places.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**t(x)**
+
+: Returns the tangent of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a2(y, x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **y/x**, in radians. If both **y** and **x** are
+ equal to **0**, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the
+ **RESET** section). Otherwise, if **x** is greater than **0**, it returns
+ **a(y/x)**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y** is greater than or equal
+ to **0**, it returns **a(y/x)+pi**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y**
+ is less than **0**, it returns **a(y/x)-pi**. If **x** is equal to **0**,
+ and **y** is greater than **0**, it returns **pi/2**. If **x** is equal to
+ **0**, and **y** is less than **0**, it returns **-pi/2**.
+
+ This function is the same as the **atan2()** function in many programming
+ languages.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**sin(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **s(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**cos(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **c(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**tan(x)**
+
+: Returns the tangent of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ If **x** is equal to **1** or **-1**, this raises an error and causes bc(1)
+ to reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is an alias of **t(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**atan(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **a(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**atan2(y, x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **y/x**, in radians. If both **y** and **x** are
+ equal to **0**, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the
+ **RESET** section). Otherwise, if **x** is greater than **0**, it returns
+ **a(y/x)**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y** is greater than or equal
+ to **0**, it returns **a(y/x)+pi**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y**
+ is less than **0**, it returns **a(y/x)-pi**. If **x** is equal to **0**,
+ and **y** is greater than **0**, it returns **pi/2**. If **x** is equal to
+ **0**, and **y** is less than **0**, it returns **-pi/2**.
+
+ This function is the same as the **atan2()** function in many programming
+ languages.
+
+ This is an alias of **a2(y, x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**r2d(x)**
+
+: Converts **x** from radians to degrees and returns the result.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**d2r(x)**
+
+: Converts **x** from degrees to radians and returns the result.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**frand(p)**
+
+: Generates a pseudo-random number between **0** (inclusive) and **1**
+ (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal
+ to the truncated absolute value of **p**. If **p** is not **0**, then
+ calling this function will change the value of **seed**. If **p** is **0**,
+ then **0** is returned, and **seed** is *not* changed.
+
+**ifrand(i, p)**
+
+: Generates a pseudo-random number that is between **0** (inclusive) and the
+ truncated absolute value of **i** (exclusive) with the number of decimal
+ digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of
+ **p**. If the absolute value of **i** is greater than or equal to **2**, and
+ **p** is not **0**, then calling this function will change the value of
+ **seed**; otherwise, **0** is returned and **seed** is not changed.
+
+**srand(x)**
+
+: Returns **x** with its sign flipped with probability **0.5**. In other
+ words, it randomizes the sign of **x**.
+
+**brand()**
+
+: Returns a random boolean value (either **0** or **1**).
+
+**ubytes(x)**
+
+: Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the truncated
+ absolute value of **x**.
+
+**sbytes(x)**
+
+: Returns the numbers of signed, two's-complement integer bytes required to
+ hold the truncated value of **x**.
+
+**hex(x)**
+
+: Outputs the hexadecimal (base **16**) representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**binary(x)**
+
+: Outputs the binary (base **2**) representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output(x, b)**
+
+: Outputs the base **b** representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both outputs are
+ split into bytes separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or is negative, an error message is printed
+ instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both
+ outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1)
+ is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uintn(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **n** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **n** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**intn(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **n** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **n** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint8(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **1** byte. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **1** byte, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int8(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **1** byte. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **1** byte, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint16(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **2** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **2** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int16(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **2** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **2** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint32(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **4** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **4** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int32(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **4** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **4** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint64(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **8** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **8** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int64(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **8** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **8** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**hex_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in hexadecimal using **n** bytes. Not all of the value will
+ be output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**binary_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in binary using **n** bytes. Not all of the value will be
+ output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in the current **obase** (see the **SYNTAX** section) using
+ **n** bytes. Not all of the value will be output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output_byte(x, i)**
+
+: Outputs byte **i** of the truncated absolute value of **x**, where **0** is
+ the least significant byte and **number_of_bytes - 1** is the most
+ significant byte.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+## Transcendental Functions
+
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1
+[ULP][4]). This is unavoidable, and [this article][5] explains why it is
+impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental
+functions.
+
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions
+with the precision (**scale**) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary. If
+exact results are *absolutely* required, users can double the precision
+(**scale**) and then truncate.
+
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+
+* **s(x)**
+* **c(x)**
+* **a(x)**
+* **l(x)**
+* **e(x)**
+* **j(x, n)**
+
+The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
+
+* **l2(x)**
+* **l10(x)**
+* **log(x, b)**
+* **pi(p)**
+* **t(x)**
+* **a2(y, x)**
+* **sin(x)**
+* **cos(x)**
+* **tan(x)**
+* **atan(x)**
+* **atan2(y, x)**
+* **r2d(x)**
+* **d2r(x)**
+
+# RESET
+
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+functions returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to
+start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most bc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This bc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **BC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **BC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+The actual values of **BC_LONG_BIT** and **BC_BASE_DIGS** can be queried with
+the **limits** statement.
+
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **BC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+
+**BC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where bc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **BC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **BC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**BC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_RAND_MAX**
+
+: The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the **rand()** operand. Set at
+ **2\^BC_LONG_BIT-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+The actual values can be queried with the **limits** statement.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**POSIXLY_CORRECT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+ the **-s** option was given.
+
+**BC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to bc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **BC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+
+ The code that parses **BC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"bc\" file.bc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **BC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**BC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), bc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash (**\\**). The default line
+ length is **70**.
+
+**BC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
+ generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**), places (**\@**), left shift (**\<\<**), and right shift (**\>\>**)
+ operators and their corresponding assignment operators.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid,
+ giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an
+ invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is
+ not a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection of the
+ **SYNTAX** section), giving an invalid **auto** list, having a duplicate
+ **auto**/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code block,
+ attempting to return a value from a **void** function, attempting to use a
+ variable as a reference, and using any extensions when the option **-s** or
+ any equivalents were given.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, passing the wrong number of
+ arguments to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and
+ attempting to use a **void** function call as a value in an expression.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Per the [standard][1], bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If bc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If bc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+dc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+bc(1) is compliant with the [IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1]
+specification. The flags **-efghiqsvVw**, all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that
+use a period (**.**) as a radix point, regardless of the value of
+**LC_NUMERIC**.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
+[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero
+[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place
+[5]: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HP.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HP.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/HP.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1674 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# NAME
+
+bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**bc** [**-ghilPqsvVw**] [**--global-stacks**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--mathlib**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--quiet**] [**--standard**] [**--warn**] [**--version**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...]
+[*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by
+POSIX. (The current standard is [here][1].) The language provides unlimited
+precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the
+command line and executes them before reading from **stdin**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+
+**-g**, **--global-stacks**
+
+: Turns the globals **ibase**, **obase**, **scale**, and **seed** into stacks.
+
+ This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all four are pushed
+ onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function
+ returns. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those
+ globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+ Thus, a hypothetical function named **output(x,b)** that simply printed
+ **x** in base **b** could be written like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ obase=b
+ x
+ }
+
+ instead of like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ auto c
+ c=obase
+ obase=b
+ x
+ obase=c
+ }
+
+ This makes writing functions much easier.
+
+ (**Note**: the function **output(x,b)** exists in the extended math library.
+ See the **LIBRARY** section.)
+
+ However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set **ibase**,
+ **obase**, **scale**, or **seed** globally, functions that are made to do so
+ cannot work anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has
+ a solution.
+
+ First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+ converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+ aliases. Examples:
+
+ alias d2o="bc -e ibase=A -e obase=8"
+ alias h2b="bc -e ibase=G -e obase=2"
+
+ Second, if the purpose of a function is to set **ibase**, **obase**,
+ **scale**, or **seed** globally for any other purpose, it could be split
+ into one to four functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of
+ those functions could return the desired value for a global.
+
+ For functions that set **seed**, the value assigned to **seed** is not
+ propagated to parent functions. This means that the sequence of
+ pseudo-random numbers that they see will not be the same sequence of
+ pseudo-random numbers that any parent sees. This is only the case once
+ **seed** has been set.
+
+ If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo-random numbers
+ of its parents, but wants to use the same **seed**, it can use the following
+ line:
+
+ seed = seed
+
+ If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users
+ could make sure to define **BC_ENV_ARGS** and include this option (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section for more details).
+
+ If **-s**, **-w**, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-l**, **--mathlib**
+
+: Sets **scale** (see the **SYNTAX** section) to **20** and loads the included
+ math library and the extended math library before running any code,
+ including any expressions or files specified on the command line.
+
+ To learn what is in the libraries, see the **LIBRARY** section.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: This option is a no-op.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-q**, **--quiet**
+
+: Do not print copyright header. bc(1) will also suppress the header in
+ non-interactive mode.
+
+ This is mostly for compatibility with the [GNU bc(1)][2].
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-s**, **--standard**
+
+: Process exactly the language defined by the [standard][1] and error if any
+ extensions are used.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-w**, **--warn**
+
+: Like **-s** and **--standard**, except that warnings (and not errors) are
+ printed for non-standard extensions and execution continues normally.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **bc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **bc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. This
+bc(1) follows the [POSIX standard][1], which is a much more thorough resource
+for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a
+listing of all the extensions to the standard.
+
+In the sections below, **E** means expression, **S** means statement, and **I**
+means identifier.
+
+Identifiers (**I**) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any
+number (up to **BC_NAME_MAX-1**) of lowercase letters (**a-z**), digits
+(**0-9**), and underscores (**\_**). The regex is **\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\***.
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**ibase** is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers. It
+is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers.
+**ibase** is initially **10**. If the **-s** (**--standard**) and **-w**
+(**--warn**) flags were not given on the command line, the max allowable value
+for **ibase** is **36**. Otherwise, it is **16**. The min allowable value for
+**ibase** is **2**. The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in
+bc(1) programs with the **maxibase()** built-in function.
+
+**obase** is a global variable determining how to output results. It is the
+"output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers. **obase** is
+initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is **BC_BASE_MAX** and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxobase()** built-in function. The
+min allowable value for **obase** is **0**. If **obase** is **0**, values are
+output in scientific notation, and if **obase** is **1**, values are output in
+engineering notation. Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are **non-portable
+extensions**.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a global variable that
+sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions. **scale** is initially
+**0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max allowable value for **scale** is
+**BC_SCALE_MAX** and can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxscale()**
+built-in function.
+
+bc(1) has both *global* variables and *local* variables. All *local*
+variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in
+the **auto** list of a function (see the **FUNCTIONS** section). If a variable
+is accessed which is not a parameter or in the **auto** list, it is assumed to
+be *global*. If a parent function has a *local* variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers *global*, the value of that *global* variable in
+the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not the
+value of the actual *global* variable.
+
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an
+assignment operator *and* the expression is notsurrounded by parentheses.
+
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable **last**. A
+single dot (**.**) may also be used as a synonym for **last**. These are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+
+## Comments
+
+There are two kinds of comments:
+
+1. Block comments are enclosed in **/\*** and **\*/**.
+2. Line comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This
+ is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Named Expressions
+
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+
+1. Variables: **I**
+2. Array Elements: **I[E]**
+3. **ibase**
+4. **obase**
+5. **scale**
+6. **seed**
+7. **last** or a single dot (**.**)
+
+Numbers 6 and 7 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+The meaning of **seed** is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
+generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
+
+The *scale* and sign of the value may be significant.
+
+If a previously used **seed** value is assigned to **seed** and used again, the
+pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers as it did when the **seed** value was previously used.
+
+The exact value assigned to **seed** is not guaranteed to be returned if
+**seed** is queried again immediately. However, if **seed** *does* return a
+different value, both values, when assigned to **seed**, are guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain
+values assigned to **seed** will *not* produce unique sequences of pseudo-random
+numbers. The value of **seed** will change after any use of the **rand()** and
+**irand(E)** operands (see the *Operands* subsection below), except if the
+parameter passed to **irand(E)** is **0**, **1**, or negative.
+
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
+*scale* of the value that can be assigned to **seed**.
+
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as
+variables. This also applies to functions (see the **FUNCTIONS** section), so a
+user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and
+they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions or not.
+
+Named expressions are required as the operand of **increment**/**decrement**
+operators and as the left side of **assignment** operators (see the *Operators*
+subsection).
+
+## Operands
+
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+
+1. Numbers (see the *Numbers* subsection below).
+2. Array indices (**I[E]**).
+3. **(E)**: The value of **E** (used to change precedence).
+4. **sqrt(E)**: The square root of **E**. **E** must be non-negative.
+5. **length(E)**: The number of significant decimal digits in **E**.
+6. **length(I[])**: The number of elements in the array **I**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+7. **scale(E)**: The *scale* of **E**.
+8. **abs(E)**: The absolute value of **E**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+9. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a non-**void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+10. **read()**: Reads a line from **stdin** and uses that as an expression. The
+ result of that expression is the result of the **read()** operand. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+11. **maxibase()**: The max allowable **ibase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+12. **maxobase()**: The max allowable **obase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+13. **maxscale()**: The max allowable **scale**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+14. **rand()**: A pseudo-random integer between **0** (inclusive) and
+ **BC_RAND_MAX** (inclusive). Using this operand will change the value of
+ **seed**. This is a **non-portable extension**.
+15. **irand(E)**: A pseudo-random integer between **0** (inclusive) and the
+ value of **E** (exclusive). If **E** is negative or is a non-integer
+ (**E**'s *scale* is not **0**), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets (see
+ the **RESET** section) while **seed** remains unchanged. If **E** is larger
+ than **BC_RAND_MAX**, the higher bound is honored by generating several
+ pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of
+ **BC_RAND_MAX+1**, and adding them together. Thus, the size of integer that
+ can be generated with this operand is unbounded. Using this operand will
+ change the value of **seed**, unless the value of **E** is **0** or **1**.
+ In that case, **0** is returned, and **seed** is *not* changed. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+16. **maxrand()**: The max integer returned by **rand()**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+The integers generated by **rand()** and **irand(E)** are guaranteed to be as
+unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of the pseudo-random number
+generator.
+
+**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with
+**rand()** and **irand(E)** are guaranteed to *NOT* be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
+they *are* guaranteed to be reproducible with identical **seed** values.
+
+## Numbers
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most **1**
+period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **BC_NUM_MAX** digits. Uppercase
+letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e., **A** equals
+**10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value
+of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **Z** alone always equals decimal
+**35**.
+
+In addition, bc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation. These have the form
+**\<number\>e\<integer\>**. The power (the portion after the **e**) must be an
+integer. An example is **1.89237e9**, which is equal to **1892370000**. Negative
+exponents are also allowed, so **4.2890e-3** is equal to **0.0042890**.
+
+Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the **-s** or **-w**,
+respectively, command-line options (or equivalents) are given.
+
+**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
+interpreted according to the current **ibase**, but the number is still
+multiplied by **10\^exponent** regardless of the current **ibase**. For example,
+if **ibase** is **16** and bc(1) is given the number string **FFeA**, the
+resulting decimal number will be **2550000000000**, and if bc(1) is given the
+number string **10e-4**, the resulting decimal number will be **0.0016**.
+
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Operators
+
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used. They are listed in
+order of decreasing precedence. Operators in the same group have the same
+precedence.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: Type: Prefix and Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **increment**, **decrement**
+
+**-** **!**
+
+: Type: Prefix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **negation**, **boolean not**
+
+**\$**
+
+: Type: Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **truncation**
+
+**\@**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **set precision**
+
+**\^**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **power**
+
+**\*** **/** **%**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **multiply**, **divide**, **modulus**
+
+**+** **-**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **add**, **subtract**
+
+**\<\<** **\>\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **shift left**, **shift right**
+
+**=** **\<\<=** **\>\>=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=** **\@=**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **assignment**
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **relational**
+
+**&&**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean and**
+
+**||**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean or**
+
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: The prefix and postfix **increment** and **decrement** operators behave
+ exactly like they would in C. They require a named expression (see the
+ *Named Expressions* subsection) as an operand.
+
+ The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where
+ possible.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **negation** operator returns **0** if a user attempts to negate any
+ expression with the value **0**. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with
+ its sign flipped is returned.
+
+**!**
+
+: The **boolean not** operator returns **1** if the expression is **0**, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\$**
+
+: The **truncation** operator returns a copy of the given expression with all
+ of its *scale* removed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\@**
+
+: The **set precision** operator takes two expressions and returns a copy of
+ the first with its *scale* equal to the value of the second expression. That
+ could either mean that the number is returned without change (if the
+ *scale* of the first expression matches the value of the second
+ expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is more).
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The **power** operator (not the **exclusive or** operator, as it would be in
+ C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of
+ the second.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*), and if it is
+ negative, the first value must be non-zero.
+
+**\***
+
+: The **multiply** operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and
+ returns the product. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result is
+ equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The **divide** operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the
+ quotient. The *scale* of the result shall be the value of **scale**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The **modulus** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ evaluates them by 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale** and 2) Using the
+ result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**+**
+
+: The **add** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and returns the
+ sum, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of **a** and **b**.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **subtract** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns the difference, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of
+ **a** and **b**.
+
+**\<\<**
+
+: The **left shift** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns a copy of the value of **a** with its decimal point moved **b**
+ places to the right.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\>\>**
+
+: The **right shift** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns a copy of the value of **a** with its decimal point moved **b**
+ places to the left.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=** **\<\<=** **\>\>=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=** **\@=**
+
+: The **assignment** operators take two expressions, **a** and **b** where
+ **a** is a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection).
+
+ For **=**, **b** is copied and the result is assigned to **a**. For all
+ others, **a** and **b** are applied as operands to the corresponding
+ arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to **a**.
+
+ The **assignment** operators that correspond to operators that are
+ extensions are themselves **non-portable extensions**.
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: The **relational** operators compare two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ if the relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is
+ **1**. Otherwise, it is **0**.
+
+ Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+ **assignment** operators, which means that **a=b\>c** is interpreted as
+ **(a=b)\>c**.
+
+ Also, unlike the [standard][1] requires, these operators can appear anywhere
+ any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**&&**
+
+: The **boolean and** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if both
+ expressions are non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**||**
+
+: The **boolean or** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if one
+ of the expressions is non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Statements
+
+The following items are statements:
+
+1. **E**
+2. **{** **S** **;** ... **;** **S** **}**
+3. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+4. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S** **else** **S**
+5. **while** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+6. **for** **(** **E** **;** **E** **;** **E** **)** **S**
+7. An empty statement
+8. **break**
+9. **continue**
+10. **quit**
+11. **halt**
+12. **limits**
+13. A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+14. **print** **E** **,** ... **,** **E**
+15. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+Also, as a **non-portable extension**, any or all of the expressions in the
+header of a for loop may be omitted. If the condition (second expression) is
+omitted, it is assumed to be a constant **1**.
+
+The **break** statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution
+immediately following a loop. This is only allowed in loops.
+
+The **continue** statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to
+the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition. This is only
+allowed in loops.
+
+The **if** **else** statement does the same thing as in C.
+
+The **quit** statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will
+not be executed (it is a compile-time command).
+
+The **halt** statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed. (Unlike **quit**
+if it is on a branch of an **if** statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not
+quit.)
+
+The **limits** statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to. This
+is like the **quit** statement in that it is a compile-time command.
+
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+
+Both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for printing the
+results of expressions. Scientific notation is activated by assigning **0** to
+**obase**, and engineering notation is activated by assigning **1** to
+**obase**. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to **obase**.
+
+Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is run with
+either the **-s** or **-w** command-line options (or equivalents).
+
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+## Print Statement
+
+The "expressions" in a **print** statement may also be strings. If they are, there
+are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially. What those
+sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
+
+-------- -------
+**\\a** **\\a**
+**\\b** **\\b**
+**\\\\** **\\**
+**\\e** **\\**
+**\\f** **\\f**
+**\\n** **\\n**
+**\\q** **"**
+**\\r** **\\r**
+**\\t** **\\t**
+-------- -------
+
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to
+be printed as-is.
+
+Any non-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to **last**,
+like any other expression that is printed.
+
+## Order of Evaluation
+
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary
+to maintain order of operations. This means, for example, assuming that **i** is
+equal to **0**, in the expression
+
+ a[i++] = i++
+
+the first (or 0th) element of **a** is set to **1**, and **i** is equal to **2**
+at the end of the expression.
+
+This includes function arguments. Thus, assuming **i** is equal to **0**, this
+means that in the expression
+
+ x(i++, i++)
+
+the first argument passed to **x()** is **0**, and the second argument is **1**,
+while **i** is equal to **2** before the function starts executing.
+
+# FUNCTIONS
+
+Function definitions are as follows:
+
+```
+define I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return(E)
+}
+```
+
+Any **I** in the parameter list or **auto** list may be replaced with **I[]** to
+make a parameter or **auto** var an array, and any **I** in the parameter list
+may be replaced with **\*I[]** to make a parameter an array reference. Callers
+of functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call;
+they must be called with just **I[]** like normal array parameters and will be
+automatically converted into references.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the opening brace of a **define** statement may
+appear on the next line.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the return statement may also be in one of the
+following forms:
+
+1. **return**
+2. **return** **(** **)**
+3. **return** **E**
+
+The first two, or not specifying a **return** statement, is equivalent to
+**return (0)**, unless the function is a **void** function (see the *Void
+Functions* subsection below).
+
+## Void Functions
+
+Functions can also be **void** functions, defined as follows:
+
+```
+define void I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return
+}
+```
+
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would
+be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+
+Void functions can only use the first two **return** statements listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have
+variables, arrays, and functions named **void**. The word "void" is only
+treated specially right after the **define** keyword.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Array References
+
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
+
+```
+*I[]
+```
+
+it is a **reference**. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected,
+when the function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# LIBRARY
+
+All of the functions below, including the functions in the extended math
+library (see the *Extended Library* subsection below), are available when the
+**-l** or **--mathlib** command-line flags are given, except that the extended
+math library is not available when the **-s** option, the **-w** option, or
+equivalents are given.
+
+## Standard Library
+
+The [standard][1] defines the following functions for the math library:
+
+**s(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**c(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l(x)**
+
+: Returns the natural logarithm of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**e(x)**
+
+: Returns the mathematical constant **e** raised to the power of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**j(x, n)**
+
+: Returns the bessel integer order **n** (truncated) of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+## Extended Library
+
+The extended library is *not* loaded when the **-s**/**--standard** or
+**-w**/**--warn** options are given since they are not part of the library
+defined by the [standard][1].
+
+The extended library is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**p(x, y)**
+
+: Calculates **x** to the power of **y**, even if **y** is not an integer, and
+ returns the result to the current **scale**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**r(x, p)**
+
+: Returns **x** rounded to **p** decimal places according to the rounding mode
+ [round half away from **0**][3].
+
+**ceil(x, p)**
+
+: Returns **x** rounded to **p** decimal places according to the rounding mode
+ [round away from **0**][6].
+
+**f(x)**
+
+: Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of **x**.
+
+**perm(n, k)**
+
+: Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of **n** of the
+ truncated absolute value of **k**, if **k \<= n**. If not, it returns **0**.
+
+**comb(n, k)**
+
+: Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of **n** of the
+ truncated absolute value of **k**, if **k \<= n**. If not, it returns **0**.
+
+**l2(x)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **2** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l10(x)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **10** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**log(x, b)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **b** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**cbrt(x)**
+
+: Returns the cube root of **x**.
+
+**root(x, n)**
+
+: Calculates the truncated value of **n**, **r**, and returns the **r**th root
+ of **x** to the current **scale**.
+
+ If **r** is **0** or negative, this raises an error and causes bc(1) to
+ reset (see the **RESET** section). It also raises an error and causes bc(1)
+ to reset if **r** is even and **x** is negative.
+
+**pi(p)**
+
+: Returns **pi** to **p** decimal places.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**t(x)**
+
+: Returns the tangent of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a2(y, x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **y/x**, in radians. If both **y** and **x** are
+ equal to **0**, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the
+ **RESET** section). Otherwise, if **x** is greater than **0**, it returns
+ **a(y/x)**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y** is greater than or equal
+ to **0**, it returns **a(y/x)+pi**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y**
+ is less than **0**, it returns **a(y/x)-pi**. If **x** is equal to **0**,
+ and **y** is greater than **0**, it returns **pi/2**. If **x** is equal to
+ **0**, and **y** is less than **0**, it returns **-pi/2**.
+
+ This function is the same as the **atan2()** function in many programming
+ languages.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**sin(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **s(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**cos(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **c(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**tan(x)**
+
+: Returns the tangent of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ If **x** is equal to **1** or **-1**, this raises an error and causes bc(1)
+ to reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is an alias of **t(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**atan(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **a(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**atan2(y, x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **y/x**, in radians. If both **y** and **x** are
+ equal to **0**, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the
+ **RESET** section). Otherwise, if **x** is greater than **0**, it returns
+ **a(y/x)**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y** is greater than or equal
+ to **0**, it returns **a(y/x)+pi**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y**
+ is less than **0**, it returns **a(y/x)-pi**. If **x** is equal to **0**,
+ and **y** is greater than **0**, it returns **pi/2**. If **x** is equal to
+ **0**, and **y** is less than **0**, it returns **-pi/2**.
+
+ This function is the same as the **atan2()** function in many programming
+ languages.
+
+ This is an alias of **a2(y, x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**r2d(x)**
+
+: Converts **x** from radians to degrees and returns the result.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**d2r(x)**
+
+: Converts **x** from degrees to radians and returns the result.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**frand(p)**
+
+: Generates a pseudo-random number between **0** (inclusive) and **1**
+ (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal
+ to the truncated absolute value of **p**. If **p** is not **0**, then
+ calling this function will change the value of **seed**. If **p** is **0**,
+ then **0** is returned, and **seed** is *not* changed.
+
+**ifrand(i, p)**
+
+: Generates a pseudo-random number that is between **0** (inclusive) and the
+ truncated absolute value of **i** (exclusive) with the number of decimal
+ digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of
+ **p**. If the absolute value of **i** is greater than or equal to **2**, and
+ **p** is not **0**, then calling this function will change the value of
+ **seed**; otherwise, **0** is returned and **seed** is not changed.
+
+**srand(x)**
+
+: Returns **x** with its sign flipped with probability **0.5**. In other
+ words, it randomizes the sign of **x**.
+
+**brand()**
+
+: Returns a random boolean value (either **0** or **1**).
+
+**ubytes(x)**
+
+: Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the truncated
+ absolute value of **x**.
+
+**sbytes(x)**
+
+: Returns the numbers of signed, two's-complement integer bytes required to
+ hold the truncated value of **x**.
+
+**hex(x)**
+
+: Outputs the hexadecimal (base **16**) representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**binary(x)**
+
+: Outputs the binary (base **2**) representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output(x, b)**
+
+: Outputs the base **b** representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both outputs are
+ split into bytes separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or is negative, an error message is printed
+ instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both
+ outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1)
+ is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uintn(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **n** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **n** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**intn(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **n** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **n** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint8(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **1** byte. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **1** byte, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int8(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **1** byte. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **1** byte, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint16(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **2** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **2** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int16(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **2** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **2** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint32(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **4** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **4** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int32(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **4** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **4** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint64(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **8** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **8** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int64(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **8** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **8** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**hex_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in hexadecimal using **n** bytes. Not all of the value will
+ be output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**binary_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in binary using **n** bytes. Not all of the value will be
+ output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in the current **obase** (see the **SYNTAX** section) using
+ **n** bytes. Not all of the value will be output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output_byte(x, i)**
+
+: Outputs byte **i** of the truncated absolute value of **x**, where **0** is
+ the least significant byte and **number_of_bytes - 1** is the most
+ significant byte.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+## Transcendental Functions
+
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1
+[ULP][4]). This is unavoidable, and [this article][5] explains why it is
+impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental
+functions.
+
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions
+with the precision (**scale**) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary. If
+exact results are *absolutely* required, users can double the precision
+(**scale**) and then truncate.
+
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+
+* **s(x)**
+* **c(x)**
+* **a(x)**
+* **l(x)**
+* **e(x)**
+* **j(x, n)**
+
+The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
+
+* **l2(x)**
+* **l10(x)**
+* **log(x, b)**
+* **pi(p)**
+* **t(x)**
+* **a2(y, x)**
+* **sin(x)**
+* **cos(x)**
+* **tan(x)**
+* **atan(x)**
+* **atan2(y, x)**
+* **r2d(x)**
+* **d2r(x)**
+
+# RESET
+
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+functions returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to
+start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most bc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This bc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **BC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **BC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+The actual values of **BC_LONG_BIT** and **BC_BASE_DIGS** can be queried with
+the **limits** statement.
+
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **BC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+
+**BC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where bc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **BC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **BC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**BC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_RAND_MAX**
+
+: The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the **rand()** operand. Set at
+ **2\^BC_LONG_BIT-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+The actual values can be queried with the **limits** statement.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**POSIXLY_CORRECT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+ the **-s** option was given.
+
+**BC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to bc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **BC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+
+ The code that parses **BC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"bc\" file.bc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **BC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**BC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), bc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash (**\\**). The default line
+ length is **70**.
+
+**BC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
+ generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**), places (**\@**), left shift (**\<\<**), and right shift (**\>\>**)
+ operators and their corresponding assignment operators.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid,
+ giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an
+ invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is
+ not a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection of the
+ **SYNTAX** section), giving an invalid **auto** list, having a duplicate
+ **auto**/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code block,
+ attempting to return a value from a **void** function, attempting to use a
+ variable as a reference, and using any extensions when the option **-s** or
+ any equivalents were given.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, passing the wrong number of
+ arguments to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and
+ attempting to use a **void** function call as a value in an expression.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Per the [standard][1], bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If bc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If bc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals.
+
+# LOCALES
+
+This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales
+and thus, supports **LC_MESSAGES**.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+dc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+bc(1) is compliant with the [IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1]
+specification. The flags **-efghiqsvVw**, all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that
+use a period (**.**) as a radix point, regardless of the value of
+**LC_NUMERIC**.
+
+This bc(1) supports error messages for different locales, and thus, it supports
+**LC_MESSAGES**.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
+[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero
+[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place
+[5]: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/N.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/N.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/N.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1689 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# NAME
+
+bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**bc** [**-ghilPqsvVw**] [**--global-stacks**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--mathlib**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--quiet**] [**--standard**] [**--warn**] [**--version**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...]
+[*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by
+POSIX. (The current standard is [here][1].) The language provides unlimited
+precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the
+command line and executes them before reading from **stdin**.
+
+This bc(1) is a drop-in replacement for *any* bc(1), including (and
+especially) the GNU bc(1). It also has many extensions and extra features beyond
+other implementations.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+
+**-g**, **--global-stacks**
+
+: Turns the globals **ibase**, **obase**, **scale**, and **seed** into stacks.
+
+ This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all four are pushed
+ onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function
+ returns. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those
+ globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+ Thus, a hypothetical function named **output(x,b)** that simply printed
+ **x** in base **b** could be written like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ obase=b
+ x
+ }
+
+ instead of like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ auto c
+ c=obase
+ obase=b
+ x
+ obase=c
+ }
+
+ This makes writing functions much easier.
+
+ (**Note**: the function **output(x,b)** exists in the extended math library.
+ See the **LIBRARY** section.)
+
+ However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set **ibase**,
+ **obase**, **scale**, or **seed** globally, functions that are made to do so
+ cannot work anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has
+ a solution.
+
+ First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+ converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+ aliases. Examples:
+
+ alias d2o="bc -e ibase=A -e obase=8"
+ alias h2b="bc -e ibase=G -e obase=2"
+
+ Second, if the purpose of a function is to set **ibase**, **obase**,
+ **scale**, or **seed** globally for any other purpose, it could be split
+ into one to four functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of
+ those functions could return the desired value for a global.
+
+ For functions that set **seed**, the value assigned to **seed** is not
+ propagated to parent functions. This means that the sequence of
+ pseudo-random numbers that they see will not be the same sequence of
+ pseudo-random numbers that any parent sees. This is only the case once
+ **seed** has been set.
+
+ If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo-random numbers
+ of its parents, but wants to use the same **seed**, it can use the following
+ line:
+
+ seed = seed
+
+ If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users
+ could make sure to define **BC_ENV_ARGS** and include this option (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section for more details).
+
+ If **-s**, **-w**, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-l**, **--mathlib**
+
+: Sets **scale** (see the **SYNTAX** section) to **20** and loads the included
+ math library and the extended math library before running any code,
+ including any expressions or files specified on the command line.
+
+ To learn what is in the libraries, see the **LIBRARY** section.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: Disables the prompt in TTY mode. (The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+ See the **TTY MODE** section) This is mostly for those users that do not
+ want a prompt or are not used to having them in bc(1). Most of those users
+ would want to put this option in **BC_ENV_ARGS** (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-q**, **--quiet**
+
+: Do not print copyright header. bc(1) will also suppress the header in
+ non-interactive mode.
+
+ This is mostly for compatibility with the [GNU bc(1)][2].
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-s**, **--standard**
+
+: Process exactly the language defined by the [standard][1] and error if any
+ extensions are used.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-w**, **--warn**
+
+: Like **-s** and **--standard**, except that warnings (and not errors) are
+ printed for non-standard extensions and execution continues normally.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **bc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **bc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. This
+bc(1) follows the [POSIX standard][1], which is a much more thorough resource
+for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a
+listing of all the extensions to the standard.
+
+In the sections below, **E** means expression, **S** means statement, and **I**
+means identifier.
+
+Identifiers (**I**) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any
+number (up to **BC_NAME_MAX-1**) of lowercase letters (**a-z**), digits
+(**0-9**), and underscores (**\_**). The regex is **\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\***.
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**ibase** is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers. It
+is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers.
+**ibase** is initially **10**. If the **-s** (**--standard**) and **-w**
+(**--warn**) flags were not given on the command line, the max allowable value
+for **ibase** is **36**. Otherwise, it is **16**. The min allowable value for
+**ibase** is **2**. The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in
+bc(1) programs with the **maxibase()** built-in function.
+
+**obase** is a global variable determining how to output results. It is the
+"output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers. **obase** is
+initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is **BC_BASE_MAX** and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxobase()** built-in function. The
+min allowable value for **obase** is **0**. If **obase** is **0**, values are
+output in scientific notation, and if **obase** is **1**, values are output in
+engineering notation. Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are **non-portable
+extensions**.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a global variable that
+sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions. **scale** is initially
+**0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max allowable value for **scale** is
+**BC_SCALE_MAX** and can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxscale()**
+built-in function.
+
+bc(1) has both *global* variables and *local* variables. All *local*
+variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in
+the **auto** list of a function (see the **FUNCTIONS** section). If a variable
+is accessed which is not a parameter or in the **auto** list, it is assumed to
+be *global*. If a parent function has a *local* variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers *global*, the value of that *global* variable in
+the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not the
+value of the actual *global* variable.
+
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an
+assignment operator *and* the expression is notsurrounded by parentheses.
+
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable **last**. A
+single dot (**.**) may also be used as a synonym for **last**. These are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+
+## Comments
+
+There are two kinds of comments:
+
+1. Block comments are enclosed in **/\*** and **\*/**.
+2. Line comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This
+ is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Named Expressions
+
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+
+1. Variables: **I**
+2. Array Elements: **I[E]**
+3. **ibase**
+4. **obase**
+5. **scale**
+6. **seed**
+7. **last** or a single dot (**.**)
+
+Numbers 6 and 7 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+The meaning of **seed** is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
+generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
+
+The *scale* and sign of the value may be significant.
+
+If a previously used **seed** value is assigned to **seed** and used again, the
+pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers as it did when the **seed** value was previously used.
+
+The exact value assigned to **seed** is not guaranteed to be returned if
+**seed** is queried again immediately. However, if **seed** *does* return a
+different value, both values, when assigned to **seed**, are guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain
+values assigned to **seed** will *not* produce unique sequences of pseudo-random
+numbers. The value of **seed** will change after any use of the **rand()** and
+**irand(E)** operands (see the *Operands* subsection below), except if the
+parameter passed to **irand(E)** is **0**, **1**, or negative.
+
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
+*scale* of the value that can be assigned to **seed**.
+
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as
+variables. This also applies to functions (see the **FUNCTIONS** section), so a
+user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and
+they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions or not.
+
+Named expressions are required as the operand of **increment**/**decrement**
+operators and as the left side of **assignment** operators (see the *Operators*
+subsection).
+
+## Operands
+
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+
+1. Numbers (see the *Numbers* subsection below).
+2. Array indices (**I[E]**).
+3. **(E)**: The value of **E** (used to change precedence).
+4. **sqrt(E)**: The square root of **E**. **E** must be non-negative.
+5. **length(E)**: The number of significant decimal digits in **E**.
+6. **length(I[])**: The number of elements in the array **I**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+7. **scale(E)**: The *scale* of **E**.
+8. **abs(E)**: The absolute value of **E**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+9. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a non-**void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+10. **read()**: Reads a line from **stdin** and uses that as an expression. The
+ result of that expression is the result of the **read()** operand. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+11. **maxibase()**: The max allowable **ibase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+12. **maxobase()**: The max allowable **obase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+13. **maxscale()**: The max allowable **scale**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+14. **rand()**: A pseudo-random integer between **0** (inclusive) and
+ **BC_RAND_MAX** (inclusive). Using this operand will change the value of
+ **seed**. This is a **non-portable extension**.
+15. **irand(E)**: A pseudo-random integer between **0** (inclusive) and the
+ value of **E** (exclusive). If **E** is negative or is a non-integer
+ (**E**'s *scale* is not **0**), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets (see
+ the **RESET** section) while **seed** remains unchanged. If **E** is larger
+ than **BC_RAND_MAX**, the higher bound is honored by generating several
+ pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of
+ **BC_RAND_MAX+1**, and adding them together. Thus, the size of integer that
+ can be generated with this operand is unbounded. Using this operand will
+ change the value of **seed**, unless the value of **E** is **0** or **1**.
+ In that case, **0** is returned, and **seed** is *not* changed. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+16. **maxrand()**: The max integer returned by **rand()**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+The integers generated by **rand()** and **irand(E)** are guaranteed to be as
+unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of the pseudo-random number
+generator.
+
+**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with
+**rand()** and **irand(E)** are guaranteed to *NOT* be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
+they *are* guaranteed to be reproducible with identical **seed** values.
+
+## Numbers
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most **1**
+period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **BC_NUM_MAX** digits. Uppercase
+letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e., **A** equals
+**10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value
+of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **Z** alone always equals decimal
+**35**.
+
+In addition, bc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation. These have the form
+**\<number\>e\<integer\>**. The power (the portion after the **e**) must be an
+integer. An example is **1.89237e9**, which is equal to **1892370000**. Negative
+exponents are also allowed, so **4.2890e-3** is equal to **0.0042890**.
+
+Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the **-s** or **-w**,
+respectively, command-line options (or equivalents) are given.
+
+**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
+interpreted according to the current **ibase**, but the number is still
+multiplied by **10\^exponent** regardless of the current **ibase**. For example,
+if **ibase** is **16** and bc(1) is given the number string **FFeA**, the
+resulting decimal number will be **2550000000000**, and if bc(1) is given the
+number string **10e-4**, the resulting decimal number will be **0.0016**.
+
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Operators
+
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used. They are listed in
+order of decreasing precedence. Operators in the same group have the same
+precedence.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: Type: Prefix and Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **increment**, **decrement**
+
+**-** **!**
+
+: Type: Prefix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **negation**, **boolean not**
+
+**\$**
+
+: Type: Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **truncation**
+
+**\@**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **set precision**
+
+**\^**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **power**
+
+**\*** **/** **%**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **multiply**, **divide**, **modulus**
+
+**+** **-**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **add**, **subtract**
+
+**\<\<** **\>\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **shift left**, **shift right**
+
+**=** **\<\<=** **\>\>=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=** **\@=**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **assignment**
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **relational**
+
+**&&**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean and**
+
+**||**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean or**
+
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: The prefix and postfix **increment** and **decrement** operators behave
+ exactly like they would in C. They require a named expression (see the
+ *Named Expressions* subsection) as an operand.
+
+ The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where
+ possible.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **negation** operator returns **0** if a user attempts to negate any
+ expression with the value **0**. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with
+ its sign flipped is returned.
+
+**!**
+
+: The **boolean not** operator returns **1** if the expression is **0**, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\$**
+
+: The **truncation** operator returns a copy of the given expression with all
+ of its *scale* removed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\@**
+
+: The **set precision** operator takes two expressions and returns a copy of
+ the first with its *scale* equal to the value of the second expression. That
+ could either mean that the number is returned without change (if the
+ *scale* of the first expression matches the value of the second
+ expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is more).
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The **power** operator (not the **exclusive or** operator, as it would be in
+ C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of
+ the second.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*), and if it is
+ negative, the first value must be non-zero.
+
+**\***
+
+: The **multiply** operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and
+ returns the product. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result is
+ equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The **divide** operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the
+ quotient. The *scale* of the result shall be the value of **scale**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The **modulus** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ evaluates them by 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale** and 2) Using the
+ result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**+**
+
+: The **add** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and returns the
+ sum, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of **a** and **b**.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **subtract** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns the difference, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of
+ **a** and **b**.
+
+**\<\<**
+
+: The **left shift** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns a copy of the value of **a** with its decimal point moved **b**
+ places to the right.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\>\>**
+
+: The **right shift** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns a copy of the value of **a** with its decimal point moved **b**
+ places to the left.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=** **\<\<=** **\>\>=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=** **\@=**
+
+: The **assignment** operators take two expressions, **a** and **b** where
+ **a** is a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection).
+
+ For **=**, **b** is copied and the result is assigned to **a**. For all
+ others, **a** and **b** are applied as operands to the corresponding
+ arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to **a**.
+
+ The **assignment** operators that correspond to operators that are
+ extensions are themselves **non-portable extensions**.
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: The **relational** operators compare two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ if the relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is
+ **1**. Otherwise, it is **0**.
+
+ Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+ **assignment** operators, which means that **a=b\>c** is interpreted as
+ **(a=b)\>c**.
+
+ Also, unlike the [standard][1] requires, these operators can appear anywhere
+ any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**&&**
+
+: The **boolean and** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if both
+ expressions are non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**||**
+
+: The **boolean or** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if one
+ of the expressions is non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Statements
+
+The following items are statements:
+
+1. **E**
+2. **{** **S** **;** ... **;** **S** **}**
+3. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+4. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S** **else** **S**
+5. **while** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+6. **for** **(** **E** **;** **E** **;** **E** **)** **S**
+7. An empty statement
+8. **break**
+9. **continue**
+10. **quit**
+11. **halt**
+12. **limits**
+13. A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+14. **print** **E** **,** ... **,** **E**
+15. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+Also, as a **non-portable extension**, any or all of the expressions in the
+header of a for loop may be omitted. If the condition (second expression) is
+omitted, it is assumed to be a constant **1**.
+
+The **break** statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution
+immediately following a loop. This is only allowed in loops.
+
+The **continue** statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to
+the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition. This is only
+allowed in loops.
+
+The **if** **else** statement does the same thing as in C.
+
+The **quit** statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will
+not be executed (it is a compile-time command).
+
+The **halt** statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed. (Unlike **quit**
+if it is on a branch of an **if** statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not
+quit.)
+
+The **limits** statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to. This
+is like the **quit** statement in that it is a compile-time command.
+
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+
+Both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for printing the
+results of expressions. Scientific notation is activated by assigning **0** to
+**obase**, and engineering notation is activated by assigning **1** to
+**obase**. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to **obase**.
+
+Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is run with
+either the **-s** or **-w** command-line options (or equivalents).
+
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+## Print Statement
+
+The "expressions" in a **print** statement may also be strings. If they are, there
+are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially. What those
+sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
+
+-------- -------
+**\\a** **\\a**
+**\\b** **\\b**
+**\\\\** **\\**
+**\\e** **\\**
+**\\f** **\\f**
+**\\n** **\\n**
+**\\q** **"**
+**\\r** **\\r**
+**\\t** **\\t**
+-------- -------
+
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to
+be printed as-is.
+
+Any non-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to **last**,
+like any other expression that is printed.
+
+## Order of Evaluation
+
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary
+to maintain order of operations. This means, for example, assuming that **i** is
+equal to **0**, in the expression
+
+ a[i++] = i++
+
+the first (or 0th) element of **a** is set to **1**, and **i** is equal to **2**
+at the end of the expression.
+
+This includes function arguments. Thus, assuming **i** is equal to **0**, this
+means that in the expression
+
+ x(i++, i++)
+
+the first argument passed to **x()** is **0**, and the second argument is **1**,
+while **i** is equal to **2** before the function starts executing.
+
+# FUNCTIONS
+
+Function definitions are as follows:
+
+```
+define I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return(E)
+}
+```
+
+Any **I** in the parameter list or **auto** list may be replaced with **I[]** to
+make a parameter or **auto** var an array, and any **I** in the parameter list
+may be replaced with **\*I[]** to make a parameter an array reference. Callers
+of functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call;
+they must be called with just **I[]** like normal array parameters and will be
+automatically converted into references.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the opening brace of a **define** statement may
+appear on the next line.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the return statement may also be in one of the
+following forms:
+
+1. **return**
+2. **return** **(** **)**
+3. **return** **E**
+
+The first two, or not specifying a **return** statement, is equivalent to
+**return (0)**, unless the function is a **void** function (see the *Void
+Functions* subsection below).
+
+## Void Functions
+
+Functions can also be **void** functions, defined as follows:
+
+```
+define void I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return
+}
+```
+
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would
+be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+
+Void functions can only use the first two **return** statements listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have
+variables, arrays, and functions named **void**. The word "void" is only
+treated specially right after the **define** keyword.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Array References
+
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
+
+```
+*I[]
+```
+
+it is a **reference**. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected,
+when the function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# LIBRARY
+
+All of the functions below, including the functions in the extended math
+library (see the *Extended Library* subsection below), are available when the
+**-l** or **--mathlib** command-line flags are given, except that the extended
+math library is not available when the **-s** option, the **-w** option, or
+equivalents are given.
+
+## Standard Library
+
+The [standard][1] defines the following functions for the math library:
+
+**s(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**c(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l(x)**
+
+: Returns the natural logarithm of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**e(x)**
+
+: Returns the mathematical constant **e** raised to the power of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**j(x, n)**
+
+: Returns the bessel integer order **n** (truncated) of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+## Extended Library
+
+The extended library is *not* loaded when the **-s**/**--standard** or
+**-w**/**--warn** options are given since they are not part of the library
+defined by the [standard][1].
+
+The extended library is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**p(x, y)**
+
+: Calculates **x** to the power of **y**, even if **y** is not an integer, and
+ returns the result to the current **scale**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**r(x, p)**
+
+: Returns **x** rounded to **p** decimal places according to the rounding mode
+ [round half away from **0**][3].
+
+**ceil(x, p)**
+
+: Returns **x** rounded to **p** decimal places according to the rounding mode
+ [round away from **0**][6].
+
+**f(x)**
+
+: Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of **x**.
+
+**perm(n, k)**
+
+: Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of **n** of the
+ truncated absolute value of **k**, if **k \<= n**. If not, it returns **0**.
+
+**comb(n, k)**
+
+: Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of **n** of the
+ truncated absolute value of **k**, if **k \<= n**. If not, it returns **0**.
+
+**l2(x)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **2** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l10(x)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **10** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**log(x, b)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **b** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**cbrt(x)**
+
+: Returns the cube root of **x**.
+
+**root(x, n)**
+
+: Calculates the truncated value of **n**, **r**, and returns the **r**th root
+ of **x** to the current **scale**.
+
+ If **r** is **0** or negative, this raises an error and causes bc(1) to
+ reset (see the **RESET** section). It also raises an error and causes bc(1)
+ to reset if **r** is even and **x** is negative.
+
+**pi(p)**
+
+: Returns **pi** to **p** decimal places.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**t(x)**
+
+: Returns the tangent of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a2(y, x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **y/x**, in radians. If both **y** and **x** are
+ equal to **0**, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the
+ **RESET** section). Otherwise, if **x** is greater than **0**, it returns
+ **a(y/x)**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y** is greater than or equal
+ to **0**, it returns **a(y/x)+pi**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y**
+ is less than **0**, it returns **a(y/x)-pi**. If **x** is equal to **0**,
+ and **y** is greater than **0**, it returns **pi/2**. If **x** is equal to
+ **0**, and **y** is less than **0**, it returns **-pi/2**.
+
+ This function is the same as the **atan2()** function in many programming
+ languages.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**sin(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **s(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**cos(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **c(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**tan(x)**
+
+: Returns the tangent of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ If **x** is equal to **1** or **-1**, this raises an error and causes bc(1)
+ to reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is an alias of **t(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**atan(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **a(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**atan2(y, x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **y/x**, in radians. If both **y** and **x** are
+ equal to **0**, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the
+ **RESET** section). Otherwise, if **x** is greater than **0**, it returns
+ **a(y/x)**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y** is greater than or equal
+ to **0**, it returns **a(y/x)+pi**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y**
+ is less than **0**, it returns **a(y/x)-pi**. If **x** is equal to **0**,
+ and **y** is greater than **0**, it returns **pi/2**. If **x** is equal to
+ **0**, and **y** is less than **0**, it returns **-pi/2**.
+
+ This function is the same as the **atan2()** function in many programming
+ languages.
+
+ This is an alias of **a2(y, x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**r2d(x)**
+
+: Converts **x** from radians to degrees and returns the result.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**d2r(x)**
+
+: Converts **x** from degrees to radians and returns the result.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**frand(p)**
+
+: Generates a pseudo-random number between **0** (inclusive) and **1**
+ (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal
+ to the truncated absolute value of **p**. If **p** is not **0**, then
+ calling this function will change the value of **seed**. If **p** is **0**,
+ then **0** is returned, and **seed** is *not* changed.
+
+**ifrand(i, p)**
+
+: Generates a pseudo-random number that is between **0** (inclusive) and the
+ truncated absolute value of **i** (exclusive) with the number of decimal
+ digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of
+ **p**. If the absolute value of **i** is greater than or equal to **2**, and
+ **p** is not **0**, then calling this function will change the value of
+ **seed**; otherwise, **0** is returned and **seed** is not changed.
+
+**srand(x)**
+
+: Returns **x** with its sign flipped with probability **0.5**. In other
+ words, it randomizes the sign of **x**.
+
+**brand()**
+
+: Returns a random boolean value (either **0** or **1**).
+
+**ubytes(x)**
+
+: Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the truncated
+ absolute value of **x**.
+
+**sbytes(x)**
+
+: Returns the numbers of signed, two's-complement integer bytes required to
+ hold the truncated value of **x**.
+
+**hex(x)**
+
+: Outputs the hexadecimal (base **16**) representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**binary(x)**
+
+: Outputs the binary (base **2**) representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output(x, b)**
+
+: Outputs the base **b** representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both outputs are
+ split into bytes separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or is negative, an error message is printed
+ instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both
+ outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1)
+ is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uintn(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **n** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **n** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**intn(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **n** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **n** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint8(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **1** byte. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **1** byte, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int8(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **1** byte. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **1** byte, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint16(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **2** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **2** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int16(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **2** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **2** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint32(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **4** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **4** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int32(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **4** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **4** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint64(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **8** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **8** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int64(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **8** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **8** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**hex_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in hexadecimal using **n** bytes. Not all of the value will
+ be output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**binary_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in binary using **n** bytes. Not all of the value will be
+ output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in the current **obase** (see the **SYNTAX** section) using
+ **n** bytes. Not all of the value will be output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output_byte(x, i)**
+
+: Outputs byte **i** of the truncated absolute value of **x**, where **0** is
+ the least significant byte and **number_of_bytes - 1** is the most
+ significant byte.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+## Transcendental Functions
+
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1
+[ULP][4]). This is unavoidable, and [this article][5] explains why it is
+impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental
+functions.
+
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions
+with the precision (**scale**) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary. If
+exact results are *absolutely* required, users can double the precision
+(**scale**) and then truncate.
+
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+
+* **s(x)**
+* **c(x)**
+* **a(x)**
+* **l(x)**
+* **e(x)**
+* **j(x, n)**
+
+The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
+
+* **l2(x)**
+* **l10(x)**
+* **log(x, b)**
+* **pi(p)**
+* **t(x)**
+* **a2(y, x)**
+* **sin(x)**
+* **cos(x)**
+* **tan(x)**
+* **atan(x)**
+* **atan2(y, x)**
+* **r2d(x)**
+* **d2r(x)**
+
+# RESET
+
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+functions returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to
+start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most bc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This bc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **BC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **BC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+The actual values of **BC_LONG_BIT** and **BC_BASE_DIGS** can be queried with
+the **limits** statement.
+
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **BC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+
+**BC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where bc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **BC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **BC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**BC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_RAND_MAX**
+
+: The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the **rand()** operand. Set at
+ **2\^BC_LONG_BIT-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+The actual values can be queried with the **limits** statement.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**POSIXLY_CORRECT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+ the **-s** option was given.
+
+**BC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to bc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **BC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+
+ The code that parses **BC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"bc\" file.bc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **BC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**BC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), bc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash (**\\**). The default line
+ length is **70**.
+
+**BC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
+ generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**), places (**\@**), left shift (**\<\<**), and right shift (**\>\>**)
+ operators and their corresponding assignment operators.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid,
+ giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an
+ invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is
+ not a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection of the
+ **SYNTAX** section), giving an invalid **auto** list, having a duplicate
+ **auto**/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code block,
+ attempting to return a value from a **void** function, attempting to use a
+ variable as a reference, and using any extensions when the option **-s** or
+ any equivalents were given.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, passing the wrong number of
+ arguments to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and
+ attempting to use a **void** function call as a value in an expression.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Per the [standard][1], bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the **COMMAND LINE HISTORY**
+section). It is also required to enable special handling for **SIGINT** signals.
+
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If bc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If bc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals. The one exception is **SIGHUP**; in that
+case, when bc(1) is in TTY mode, a **SIGHUP** will cause bc(1) to clean up and
+exit.
+
+# COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+
+bc(1) supports interactive command-line editing. If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see
+the **TTY MODE** section), history is enabled. Previous lines can be recalled
+and edited with the arrow keys.
+
+**Note**: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+dc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+bc(1) is compliant with the [IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1]
+specification. The flags **-efghiqsvVw**, all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that
+use a period (**.**) as a radix point, regardless of the value of
+**LC_NUMERIC**.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
+[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero
+[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place
+[5]: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/NP.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/NP.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/NP.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1683 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# NAME
+
+bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**bc** [**-ghilPqsvVw**] [**--global-stacks**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--mathlib**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--quiet**] [**--standard**] [**--warn**] [**--version**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...]
+[*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by
+POSIX. (The current standard is [here][1].) The language provides unlimited
+precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the
+command line and executes them before reading from **stdin**.
+
+This bc(1) is a drop-in replacement for *any* bc(1), including (and
+especially) the GNU bc(1). It also has many extensions and extra features beyond
+other implementations.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+
+**-g**, **--global-stacks**
+
+: Turns the globals **ibase**, **obase**, **scale**, and **seed** into stacks.
+
+ This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all four are pushed
+ onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function
+ returns. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those
+ globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+ Thus, a hypothetical function named **output(x,b)** that simply printed
+ **x** in base **b** could be written like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ obase=b
+ x
+ }
+
+ instead of like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ auto c
+ c=obase
+ obase=b
+ x
+ obase=c
+ }
+
+ This makes writing functions much easier.
+
+ (**Note**: the function **output(x,b)** exists in the extended math library.
+ See the **LIBRARY** section.)
+
+ However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set **ibase**,
+ **obase**, **scale**, or **seed** globally, functions that are made to do so
+ cannot work anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has
+ a solution.
+
+ First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+ converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+ aliases. Examples:
+
+ alias d2o="bc -e ibase=A -e obase=8"
+ alias h2b="bc -e ibase=G -e obase=2"
+
+ Second, if the purpose of a function is to set **ibase**, **obase**,
+ **scale**, or **seed** globally for any other purpose, it could be split
+ into one to four functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of
+ those functions could return the desired value for a global.
+
+ For functions that set **seed**, the value assigned to **seed** is not
+ propagated to parent functions. This means that the sequence of
+ pseudo-random numbers that they see will not be the same sequence of
+ pseudo-random numbers that any parent sees. This is only the case once
+ **seed** has been set.
+
+ If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo-random numbers
+ of its parents, but wants to use the same **seed**, it can use the following
+ line:
+
+ seed = seed
+
+ If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users
+ could make sure to define **BC_ENV_ARGS** and include this option (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section for more details).
+
+ If **-s**, **-w**, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-l**, **--mathlib**
+
+: Sets **scale** (see the **SYNTAX** section) to **20** and loads the included
+ math library and the extended math library before running any code,
+ including any expressions or files specified on the command line.
+
+ To learn what is in the libraries, see the **LIBRARY** section.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: This option is a no-op.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-q**, **--quiet**
+
+: Do not print copyright header. bc(1) will also suppress the header in
+ non-interactive mode.
+
+ This is mostly for compatibility with the [GNU bc(1)][2].
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-s**, **--standard**
+
+: Process exactly the language defined by the [standard][1] and error if any
+ extensions are used.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-w**, **--warn**
+
+: Like **-s** and **--standard**, except that warnings (and not errors) are
+ printed for non-standard extensions and execution continues normally.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **bc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **bc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. This
+bc(1) follows the [POSIX standard][1], which is a much more thorough resource
+for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a
+listing of all the extensions to the standard.
+
+In the sections below, **E** means expression, **S** means statement, and **I**
+means identifier.
+
+Identifiers (**I**) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any
+number (up to **BC_NAME_MAX-1**) of lowercase letters (**a-z**), digits
+(**0-9**), and underscores (**\_**). The regex is **\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\***.
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**ibase** is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers. It
+is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers.
+**ibase** is initially **10**. If the **-s** (**--standard**) and **-w**
+(**--warn**) flags were not given on the command line, the max allowable value
+for **ibase** is **36**. Otherwise, it is **16**. The min allowable value for
+**ibase** is **2**. The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in
+bc(1) programs with the **maxibase()** built-in function.
+
+**obase** is a global variable determining how to output results. It is the
+"output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers. **obase** is
+initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is **BC_BASE_MAX** and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxobase()** built-in function. The
+min allowable value for **obase** is **0**. If **obase** is **0**, values are
+output in scientific notation, and if **obase** is **1**, values are output in
+engineering notation. Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are **non-portable
+extensions**.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a global variable that
+sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions. **scale** is initially
+**0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max allowable value for **scale** is
+**BC_SCALE_MAX** and can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxscale()**
+built-in function.
+
+bc(1) has both *global* variables and *local* variables. All *local*
+variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in
+the **auto** list of a function (see the **FUNCTIONS** section). If a variable
+is accessed which is not a parameter or in the **auto** list, it is assumed to
+be *global*. If a parent function has a *local* variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers *global*, the value of that *global* variable in
+the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not the
+value of the actual *global* variable.
+
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an
+assignment operator *and* the expression is notsurrounded by parentheses.
+
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable **last**. A
+single dot (**.**) may also be used as a synonym for **last**. These are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+
+## Comments
+
+There are two kinds of comments:
+
+1. Block comments are enclosed in **/\*** and **\*/**.
+2. Line comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This
+ is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Named Expressions
+
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+
+1. Variables: **I**
+2. Array Elements: **I[E]**
+3. **ibase**
+4. **obase**
+5. **scale**
+6. **seed**
+7. **last** or a single dot (**.**)
+
+Numbers 6 and 7 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+The meaning of **seed** is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
+generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
+
+The *scale* and sign of the value may be significant.
+
+If a previously used **seed** value is assigned to **seed** and used again, the
+pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers as it did when the **seed** value was previously used.
+
+The exact value assigned to **seed** is not guaranteed to be returned if
+**seed** is queried again immediately. However, if **seed** *does* return a
+different value, both values, when assigned to **seed**, are guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain
+values assigned to **seed** will *not* produce unique sequences of pseudo-random
+numbers. The value of **seed** will change after any use of the **rand()** and
+**irand(E)** operands (see the *Operands* subsection below), except if the
+parameter passed to **irand(E)** is **0**, **1**, or negative.
+
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
+*scale* of the value that can be assigned to **seed**.
+
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as
+variables. This also applies to functions (see the **FUNCTIONS** section), so a
+user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and
+they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions or not.
+
+Named expressions are required as the operand of **increment**/**decrement**
+operators and as the left side of **assignment** operators (see the *Operators*
+subsection).
+
+## Operands
+
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+
+1. Numbers (see the *Numbers* subsection below).
+2. Array indices (**I[E]**).
+3. **(E)**: The value of **E** (used to change precedence).
+4. **sqrt(E)**: The square root of **E**. **E** must be non-negative.
+5. **length(E)**: The number of significant decimal digits in **E**.
+6. **length(I[])**: The number of elements in the array **I**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+7. **scale(E)**: The *scale* of **E**.
+8. **abs(E)**: The absolute value of **E**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+9. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a non-**void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+10. **read()**: Reads a line from **stdin** and uses that as an expression. The
+ result of that expression is the result of the **read()** operand. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+11. **maxibase()**: The max allowable **ibase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+12. **maxobase()**: The max allowable **obase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+13. **maxscale()**: The max allowable **scale**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+14. **rand()**: A pseudo-random integer between **0** (inclusive) and
+ **BC_RAND_MAX** (inclusive). Using this operand will change the value of
+ **seed**. This is a **non-portable extension**.
+15. **irand(E)**: A pseudo-random integer between **0** (inclusive) and the
+ value of **E** (exclusive). If **E** is negative or is a non-integer
+ (**E**'s *scale* is not **0**), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets (see
+ the **RESET** section) while **seed** remains unchanged. If **E** is larger
+ than **BC_RAND_MAX**, the higher bound is honored by generating several
+ pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of
+ **BC_RAND_MAX+1**, and adding them together. Thus, the size of integer that
+ can be generated with this operand is unbounded. Using this operand will
+ change the value of **seed**, unless the value of **E** is **0** or **1**.
+ In that case, **0** is returned, and **seed** is *not* changed. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+16. **maxrand()**: The max integer returned by **rand()**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+The integers generated by **rand()** and **irand(E)** are guaranteed to be as
+unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of the pseudo-random number
+generator.
+
+**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with
+**rand()** and **irand(E)** are guaranteed to *NOT* be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
+they *are* guaranteed to be reproducible with identical **seed** values.
+
+## Numbers
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most **1**
+period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **BC_NUM_MAX** digits. Uppercase
+letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e., **A** equals
+**10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value
+of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **Z** alone always equals decimal
+**35**.
+
+In addition, bc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation. These have the form
+**\<number\>e\<integer\>**. The power (the portion after the **e**) must be an
+integer. An example is **1.89237e9**, which is equal to **1892370000**. Negative
+exponents are also allowed, so **4.2890e-3** is equal to **0.0042890**.
+
+Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the **-s** or **-w**,
+respectively, command-line options (or equivalents) are given.
+
+**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
+interpreted according to the current **ibase**, but the number is still
+multiplied by **10\^exponent** regardless of the current **ibase**. For example,
+if **ibase** is **16** and bc(1) is given the number string **FFeA**, the
+resulting decimal number will be **2550000000000**, and if bc(1) is given the
+number string **10e-4**, the resulting decimal number will be **0.0016**.
+
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Operators
+
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used. They are listed in
+order of decreasing precedence. Operators in the same group have the same
+precedence.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: Type: Prefix and Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **increment**, **decrement**
+
+**-** **!**
+
+: Type: Prefix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **negation**, **boolean not**
+
+**\$**
+
+: Type: Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **truncation**
+
+**\@**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **set precision**
+
+**\^**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **power**
+
+**\*** **/** **%**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **multiply**, **divide**, **modulus**
+
+**+** **-**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **add**, **subtract**
+
+**\<\<** **\>\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **shift left**, **shift right**
+
+**=** **\<\<=** **\>\>=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=** **\@=**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **assignment**
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **relational**
+
+**&&**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean and**
+
+**||**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean or**
+
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: The prefix and postfix **increment** and **decrement** operators behave
+ exactly like they would in C. They require a named expression (see the
+ *Named Expressions* subsection) as an operand.
+
+ The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where
+ possible.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **negation** operator returns **0** if a user attempts to negate any
+ expression with the value **0**. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with
+ its sign flipped is returned.
+
+**!**
+
+: The **boolean not** operator returns **1** if the expression is **0**, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\$**
+
+: The **truncation** operator returns a copy of the given expression with all
+ of its *scale* removed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\@**
+
+: The **set precision** operator takes two expressions and returns a copy of
+ the first with its *scale* equal to the value of the second expression. That
+ could either mean that the number is returned without change (if the
+ *scale* of the first expression matches the value of the second
+ expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is more).
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The **power** operator (not the **exclusive or** operator, as it would be in
+ C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of
+ the second.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*), and if it is
+ negative, the first value must be non-zero.
+
+**\***
+
+: The **multiply** operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and
+ returns the product. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result is
+ equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The **divide** operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the
+ quotient. The *scale* of the result shall be the value of **scale**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The **modulus** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ evaluates them by 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale** and 2) Using the
+ result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**+**
+
+: The **add** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and returns the
+ sum, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of **a** and **b**.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **subtract** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns the difference, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of
+ **a** and **b**.
+
+**\<\<**
+
+: The **left shift** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns a copy of the value of **a** with its decimal point moved **b**
+ places to the right.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\>\>**
+
+: The **right shift** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns a copy of the value of **a** with its decimal point moved **b**
+ places to the left.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=** **\<\<=** **\>\>=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=** **\@=**
+
+: The **assignment** operators take two expressions, **a** and **b** where
+ **a** is a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection).
+
+ For **=**, **b** is copied and the result is assigned to **a**. For all
+ others, **a** and **b** are applied as operands to the corresponding
+ arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to **a**.
+
+ The **assignment** operators that correspond to operators that are
+ extensions are themselves **non-portable extensions**.
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: The **relational** operators compare two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ if the relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is
+ **1**. Otherwise, it is **0**.
+
+ Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+ **assignment** operators, which means that **a=b\>c** is interpreted as
+ **(a=b)\>c**.
+
+ Also, unlike the [standard][1] requires, these operators can appear anywhere
+ any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**&&**
+
+: The **boolean and** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if both
+ expressions are non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**||**
+
+: The **boolean or** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if one
+ of the expressions is non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Statements
+
+The following items are statements:
+
+1. **E**
+2. **{** **S** **;** ... **;** **S** **}**
+3. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+4. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S** **else** **S**
+5. **while** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+6. **for** **(** **E** **;** **E** **;** **E** **)** **S**
+7. An empty statement
+8. **break**
+9. **continue**
+10. **quit**
+11. **halt**
+12. **limits**
+13. A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+14. **print** **E** **,** ... **,** **E**
+15. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+Also, as a **non-portable extension**, any or all of the expressions in the
+header of a for loop may be omitted. If the condition (second expression) is
+omitted, it is assumed to be a constant **1**.
+
+The **break** statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution
+immediately following a loop. This is only allowed in loops.
+
+The **continue** statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to
+the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition. This is only
+allowed in loops.
+
+The **if** **else** statement does the same thing as in C.
+
+The **quit** statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will
+not be executed (it is a compile-time command).
+
+The **halt** statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed. (Unlike **quit**
+if it is on a branch of an **if** statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not
+quit.)
+
+The **limits** statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to. This
+is like the **quit** statement in that it is a compile-time command.
+
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+
+Both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for printing the
+results of expressions. Scientific notation is activated by assigning **0** to
+**obase**, and engineering notation is activated by assigning **1** to
+**obase**. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to **obase**.
+
+Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is run with
+either the **-s** or **-w** command-line options (or equivalents).
+
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+## Print Statement
+
+The "expressions" in a **print** statement may also be strings. If they are, there
+are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially. What those
+sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
+
+-------- -------
+**\\a** **\\a**
+**\\b** **\\b**
+**\\\\** **\\**
+**\\e** **\\**
+**\\f** **\\f**
+**\\n** **\\n**
+**\\q** **"**
+**\\r** **\\r**
+**\\t** **\\t**
+-------- -------
+
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to
+be printed as-is.
+
+Any non-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to **last**,
+like any other expression that is printed.
+
+## Order of Evaluation
+
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary
+to maintain order of operations. This means, for example, assuming that **i** is
+equal to **0**, in the expression
+
+ a[i++] = i++
+
+the first (or 0th) element of **a** is set to **1**, and **i** is equal to **2**
+at the end of the expression.
+
+This includes function arguments. Thus, assuming **i** is equal to **0**, this
+means that in the expression
+
+ x(i++, i++)
+
+the first argument passed to **x()** is **0**, and the second argument is **1**,
+while **i** is equal to **2** before the function starts executing.
+
+# FUNCTIONS
+
+Function definitions are as follows:
+
+```
+define I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return(E)
+}
+```
+
+Any **I** in the parameter list or **auto** list may be replaced with **I[]** to
+make a parameter or **auto** var an array, and any **I** in the parameter list
+may be replaced with **\*I[]** to make a parameter an array reference. Callers
+of functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call;
+they must be called with just **I[]** like normal array parameters and will be
+automatically converted into references.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the opening brace of a **define** statement may
+appear on the next line.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the return statement may also be in one of the
+following forms:
+
+1. **return**
+2. **return** **(** **)**
+3. **return** **E**
+
+The first two, or not specifying a **return** statement, is equivalent to
+**return (0)**, unless the function is a **void** function (see the *Void
+Functions* subsection below).
+
+## Void Functions
+
+Functions can also be **void** functions, defined as follows:
+
+```
+define void I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return
+}
+```
+
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would
+be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+
+Void functions can only use the first two **return** statements listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have
+variables, arrays, and functions named **void**. The word "void" is only
+treated specially right after the **define** keyword.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Array References
+
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
+
+```
+*I[]
+```
+
+it is a **reference**. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected,
+when the function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# LIBRARY
+
+All of the functions below, including the functions in the extended math
+library (see the *Extended Library* subsection below), are available when the
+**-l** or **--mathlib** command-line flags are given, except that the extended
+math library is not available when the **-s** option, the **-w** option, or
+equivalents are given.
+
+## Standard Library
+
+The [standard][1] defines the following functions for the math library:
+
+**s(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**c(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l(x)**
+
+: Returns the natural logarithm of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**e(x)**
+
+: Returns the mathematical constant **e** raised to the power of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**j(x, n)**
+
+: Returns the bessel integer order **n** (truncated) of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+## Extended Library
+
+The extended library is *not* loaded when the **-s**/**--standard** or
+**-w**/**--warn** options are given since they are not part of the library
+defined by the [standard][1].
+
+The extended library is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**p(x, y)**
+
+: Calculates **x** to the power of **y**, even if **y** is not an integer, and
+ returns the result to the current **scale**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**r(x, p)**
+
+: Returns **x** rounded to **p** decimal places according to the rounding mode
+ [round half away from **0**][3].
+
+**ceil(x, p)**
+
+: Returns **x** rounded to **p** decimal places according to the rounding mode
+ [round away from **0**][6].
+
+**f(x)**
+
+: Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of **x**.
+
+**perm(n, k)**
+
+: Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of **n** of the
+ truncated absolute value of **k**, if **k \<= n**. If not, it returns **0**.
+
+**comb(n, k)**
+
+: Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of **n** of the
+ truncated absolute value of **k**, if **k \<= n**. If not, it returns **0**.
+
+**l2(x)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **2** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l10(x)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **10** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**log(x, b)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **b** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**cbrt(x)**
+
+: Returns the cube root of **x**.
+
+**root(x, n)**
+
+: Calculates the truncated value of **n**, **r**, and returns the **r**th root
+ of **x** to the current **scale**.
+
+ If **r** is **0** or negative, this raises an error and causes bc(1) to
+ reset (see the **RESET** section). It also raises an error and causes bc(1)
+ to reset if **r** is even and **x** is negative.
+
+**pi(p)**
+
+: Returns **pi** to **p** decimal places.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**t(x)**
+
+: Returns the tangent of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a2(y, x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **y/x**, in radians. If both **y** and **x** are
+ equal to **0**, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the
+ **RESET** section). Otherwise, if **x** is greater than **0**, it returns
+ **a(y/x)**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y** is greater than or equal
+ to **0**, it returns **a(y/x)+pi**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y**
+ is less than **0**, it returns **a(y/x)-pi**. If **x** is equal to **0**,
+ and **y** is greater than **0**, it returns **pi/2**. If **x** is equal to
+ **0**, and **y** is less than **0**, it returns **-pi/2**.
+
+ This function is the same as the **atan2()** function in many programming
+ languages.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**sin(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **s(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**cos(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **c(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**tan(x)**
+
+: Returns the tangent of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ If **x** is equal to **1** or **-1**, this raises an error and causes bc(1)
+ to reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is an alias of **t(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**atan(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **a(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**atan2(y, x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **y/x**, in radians. If both **y** and **x** are
+ equal to **0**, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the
+ **RESET** section). Otherwise, if **x** is greater than **0**, it returns
+ **a(y/x)**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y** is greater than or equal
+ to **0**, it returns **a(y/x)+pi**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y**
+ is less than **0**, it returns **a(y/x)-pi**. If **x** is equal to **0**,
+ and **y** is greater than **0**, it returns **pi/2**. If **x** is equal to
+ **0**, and **y** is less than **0**, it returns **-pi/2**.
+
+ This function is the same as the **atan2()** function in many programming
+ languages.
+
+ This is an alias of **a2(y, x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**r2d(x)**
+
+: Converts **x** from radians to degrees and returns the result.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**d2r(x)**
+
+: Converts **x** from degrees to radians and returns the result.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**frand(p)**
+
+: Generates a pseudo-random number between **0** (inclusive) and **1**
+ (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal
+ to the truncated absolute value of **p**. If **p** is not **0**, then
+ calling this function will change the value of **seed**. If **p** is **0**,
+ then **0** is returned, and **seed** is *not* changed.
+
+**ifrand(i, p)**
+
+: Generates a pseudo-random number that is between **0** (inclusive) and the
+ truncated absolute value of **i** (exclusive) with the number of decimal
+ digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of
+ **p**. If the absolute value of **i** is greater than or equal to **2**, and
+ **p** is not **0**, then calling this function will change the value of
+ **seed**; otherwise, **0** is returned and **seed** is not changed.
+
+**srand(x)**
+
+: Returns **x** with its sign flipped with probability **0.5**. In other
+ words, it randomizes the sign of **x**.
+
+**brand()**
+
+: Returns a random boolean value (either **0** or **1**).
+
+**ubytes(x)**
+
+: Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the truncated
+ absolute value of **x**.
+
+**sbytes(x)**
+
+: Returns the numbers of signed, two's-complement integer bytes required to
+ hold the truncated value of **x**.
+
+**hex(x)**
+
+: Outputs the hexadecimal (base **16**) representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**binary(x)**
+
+: Outputs the binary (base **2**) representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output(x, b)**
+
+: Outputs the base **b** representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both outputs are
+ split into bytes separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or is negative, an error message is printed
+ instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both
+ outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1)
+ is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uintn(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **n** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **n** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**intn(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **n** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **n** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint8(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **1** byte. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **1** byte, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int8(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **1** byte. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **1** byte, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint16(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **2** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **2** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int16(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **2** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **2** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint32(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **4** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **4** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int32(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **4** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **4** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint64(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **8** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **8** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int64(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **8** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **8** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**hex_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in hexadecimal using **n** bytes. Not all of the value will
+ be output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**binary_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in binary using **n** bytes. Not all of the value will be
+ output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in the current **obase** (see the **SYNTAX** section) using
+ **n** bytes. Not all of the value will be output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output_byte(x, i)**
+
+: Outputs byte **i** of the truncated absolute value of **x**, where **0** is
+ the least significant byte and **number_of_bytes - 1** is the most
+ significant byte.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+## Transcendental Functions
+
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1
+[ULP][4]). This is unavoidable, and [this article][5] explains why it is
+impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental
+functions.
+
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions
+with the precision (**scale**) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary. If
+exact results are *absolutely* required, users can double the precision
+(**scale**) and then truncate.
+
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+
+* **s(x)**
+* **c(x)**
+* **a(x)**
+* **l(x)**
+* **e(x)**
+* **j(x, n)**
+
+The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
+
+* **l2(x)**
+* **l10(x)**
+* **log(x, b)**
+* **pi(p)**
+* **t(x)**
+* **a2(y, x)**
+* **sin(x)**
+* **cos(x)**
+* **tan(x)**
+* **atan(x)**
+* **atan2(y, x)**
+* **r2d(x)**
+* **d2r(x)**
+
+# RESET
+
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+functions returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to
+start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most bc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This bc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **BC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **BC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+The actual values of **BC_LONG_BIT** and **BC_BASE_DIGS** can be queried with
+the **limits** statement.
+
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **BC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+
+**BC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where bc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **BC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **BC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**BC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_RAND_MAX**
+
+: The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the **rand()** operand. Set at
+ **2\^BC_LONG_BIT-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+The actual values can be queried with the **limits** statement.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**POSIXLY_CORRECT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+ the **-s** option was given.
+
+**BC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to bc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **BC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+
+ The code that parses **BC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"bc\" file.bc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **BC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**BC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), bc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash (**\\**). The default line
+ length is **70**.
+
+**BC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
+ generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**), places (**\@**), left shift (**\<\<**), and right shift (**\>\>**)
+ operators and their corresponding assignment operators.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid,
+ giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an
+ invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is
+ not a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection of the
+ **SYNTAX** section), giving an invalid **auto** list, having a duplicate
+ **auto**/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code block,
+ attempting to return a value from a **void** function, attempting to use a
+ variable as a reference, and using any extensions when the option **-s** or
+ any equivalents were given.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, passing the wrong number of
+ arguments to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and
+ attempting to use a **void** function call as a value in an expression.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Per the [standard][1], bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the **COMMAND LINE HISTORY**
+section). It is also required to enable special handling for **SIGINT** signals.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If bc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If bc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals. The one exception is **SIGHUP**; in that
+case, when bc(1) is in TTY mode, a **SIGHUP** will cause bc(1) to clean up and
+exit.
+
+# COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+
+bc(1) supports interactive command-line editing. If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see
+the **TTY MODE** section), history is enabled. Previous lines can be recalled
+and edited with the arrow keys.
+
+**Note**: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+dc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+bc(1) is compliant with the [IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1]
+specification. The flags **-efghiqsvVw**, all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that
+use a period (**.**) as a radix point, regardless of the value of
+**LC_NUMERIC**.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
+[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero
+[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place
+[5]: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/P.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/P.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc/P.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1691 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# NAME
+
+bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**bc** [**-ghilPqsvVw**] [**--global-stacks**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--mathlib**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--quiet**] [**--standard**] [**--warn**] [**--version**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...]
+[*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by
+POSIX. (The current standard is [here][1].) The language provides unlimited
+precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the
+command line and executes them before reading from **stdin**.
+
+This bc(1) is a drop-in replacement for *any* bc(1), including (and
+especially) the GNU bc(1). It also has many extensions and extra features beyond
+other implementations.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+
+**-g**, **--global-stacks**
+
+: Turns the globals **ibase**, **obase**, **scale**, and **seed** into stacks.
+
+ This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all four are pushed
+ onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function
+ returns. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those
+ globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+ Thus, a hypothetical function named **output(x,b)** that simply printed
+ **x** in base **b** could be written like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ obase=b
+ x
+ }
+
+ instead of like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ auto c
+ c=obase
+ obase=b
+ x
+ obase=c
+ }
+
+ This makes writing functions much easier.
+
+ (**Note**: the function **output(x,b)** exists in the extended math library.
+ See the **LIBRARY** section.)
+
+ However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set **ibase**,
+ **obase**, **scale**, or **seed** globally, functions that are made to do so
+ cannot work anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has
+ a solution.
+
+ First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+ converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+ aliases. Examples:
+
+ alias d2o="bc -e ibase=A -e obase=8"
+ alias h2b="bc -e ibase=G -e obase=2"
+
+ Second, if the purpose of a function is to set **ibase**, **obase**,
+ **scale**, or **seed** globally for any other purpose, it could be split
+ into one to four functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of
+ those functions could return the desired value for a global.
+
+ For functions that set **seed**, the value assigned to **seed** is not
+ propagated to parent functions. This means that the sequence of
+ pseudo-random numbers that they see will not be the same sequence of
+ pseudo-random numbers that any parent sees. This is only the case once
+ **seed** has been set.
+
+ If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo-random numbers
+ of its parents, but wants to use the same **seed**, it can use the following
+ line:
+
+ seed = seed
+
+ If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users
+ could make sure to define **BC_ENV_ARGS** and include this option (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section for more details).
+
+ If **-s**, **-w**, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-l**, **--mathlib**
+
+: Sets **scale** (see the **SYNTAX** section) to **20** and loads the included
+ math library and the extended math library before running any code,
+ including any expressions or files specified on the command line.
+
+ To learn what is in the libraries, see the **LIBRARY** section.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: This option is a no-op.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-q**, **--quiet**
+
+: Do not print copyright header. bc(1) will also suppress the header in
+ non-interactive mode.
+
+ This is mostly for compatibility with the [GNU bc(1)][2].
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-s**, **--standard**
+
+: Process exactly the language defined by the [standard][1] and error if any
+ extensions are used.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-w**, **--warn**
+
+: Like **-s** and **--standard**, except that warnings (and not errors) are
+ printed for non-standard extensions and execution continues normally.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **bc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **bc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. This
+bc(1) follows the [POSIX standard][1], which is a much more thorough resource
+for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a
+listing of all the extensions to the standard.
+
+In the sections below, **E** means expression, **S** means statement, and **I**
+means identifier.
+
+Identifiers (**I**) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any
+number (up to **BC_NAME_MAX-1**) of lowercase letters (**a-z**), digits
+(**0-9**), and underscores (**\_**). The regex is **\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\***.
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**ibase** is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers. It
+is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers.
+**ibase** is initially **10**. If the **-s** (**--standard**) and **-w**
+(**--warn**) flags were not given on the command line, the max allowable value
+for **ibase** is **36**. Otherwise, it is **16**. The min allowable value for
+**ibase** is **2**. The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in
+bc(1) programs with the **maxibase()** built-in function.
+
+**obase** is a global variable determining how to output results. It is the
+"output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers. **obase** is
+initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is **BC_BASE_MAX** and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxobase()** built-in function. The
+min allowable value for **obase** is **0**. If **obase** is **0**, values are
+output in scientific notation, and if **obase** is **1**, values are output in
+engineering notation. Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are **non-portable
+extensions**.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a global variable that
+sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions. **scale** is initially
+**0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max allowable value for **scale** is
+**BC_SCALE_MAX** and can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxscale()**
+built-in function.
+
+bc(1) has both *global* variables and *local* variables. All *local*
+variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in
+the **auto** list of a function (see the **FUNCTIONS** section). If a variable
+is accessed which is not a parameter or in the **auto** list, it is assumed to
+be *global*. If a parent function has a *local* variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers *global*, the value of that *global* variable in
+the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not the
+value of the actual *global* variable.
+
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an
+assignment operator *and* the expression is notsurrounded by parentheses.
+
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable **last**. A
+single dot (**.**) may also be used as a synonym for **last**. These are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+
+## Comments
+
+There are two kinds of comments:
+
+1. Block comments are enclosed in **/\*** and **\*/**.
+2. Line comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This
+ is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Named Expressions
+
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+
+1. Variables: **I**
+2. Array Elements: **I[E]**
+3. **ibase**
+4. **obase**
+5. **scale**
+6. **seed**
+7. **last** or a single dot (**.**)
+
+Numbers 6 and 7 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+The meaning of **seed** is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
+generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
+
+The *scale* and sign of the value may be significant.
+
+If a previously used **seed** value is assigned to **seed** and used again, the
+pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers as it did when the **seed** value was previously used.
+
+The exact value assigned to **seed** is not guaranteed to be returned if
+**seed** is queried again immediately. However, if **seed** *does* return a
+different value, both values, when assigned to **seed**, are guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain
+values assigned to **seed** will *not* produce unique sequences of pseudo-random
+numbers. The value of **seed** will change after any use of the **rand()** and
+**irand(E)** operands (see the *Operands* subsection below), except if the
+parameter passed to **irand(E)** is **0**, **1**, or negative.
+
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
+*scale* of the value that can be assigned to **seed**.
+
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as
+variables. This also applies to functions (see the **FUNCTIONS** section), so a
+user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and
+they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions or not.
+
+Named expressions are required as the operand of **increment**/**decrement**
+operators and as the left side of **assignment** operators (see the *Operators*
+subsection).
+
+## Operands
+
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+
+1. Numbers (see the *Numbers* subsection below).
+2. Array indices (**I[E]**).
+3. **(E)**: The value of **E** (used to change precedence).
+4. **sqrt(E)**: The square root of **E**. **E** must be non-negative.
+5. **length(E)**: The number of significant decimal digits in **E**.
+6. **length(I[])**: The number of elements in the array **I**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+7. **scale(E)**: The *scale* of **E**.
+8. **abs(E)**: The absolute value of **E**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+9. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a non-**void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+10. **read()**: Reads a line from **stdin** and uses that as an expression. The
+ result of that expression is the result of the **read()** operand. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+11. **maxibase()**: The max allowable **ibase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+12. **maxobase()**: The max allowable **obase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+13. **maxscale()**: The max allowable **scale**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+14. **rand()**: A pseudo-random integer between **0** (inclusive) and
+ **BC_RAND_MAX** (inclusive). Using this operand will change the value of
+ **seed**. This is a **non-portable extension**.
+15. **irand(E)**: A pseudo-random integer between **0** (inclusive) and the
+ value of **E** (exclusive). If **E** is negative or is a non-integer
+ (**E**'s *scale* is not **0**), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets (see
+ the **RESET** section) while **seed** remains unchanged. If **E** is larger
+ than **BC_RAND_MAX**, the higher bound is honored by generating several
+ pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of
+ **BC_RAND_MAX+1**, and adding them together. Thus, the size of integer that
+ can be generated with this operand is unbounded. Using this operand will
+ change the value of **seed**, unless the value of **E** is **0** or **1**.
+ In that case, **0** is returned, and **seed** is *not* changed. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+16. **maxrand()**: The max integer returned by **rand()**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+The integers generated by **rand()** and **irand(E)** are guaranteed to be as
+unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of the pseudo-random number
+generator.
+
+**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with
+**rand()** and **irand(E)** are guaranteed to *NOT* be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
+they *are* guaranteed to be reproducible with identical **seed** values.
+
+## Numbers
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most **1**
+period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **BC_NUM_MAX** digits. Uppercase
+letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e., **A** equals
+**10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value
+of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **Z** alone always equals decimal
+**35**.
+
+In addition, bc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation. These have the form
+**\<number\>e\<integer\>**. The power (the portion after the **e**) must be an
+integer. An example is **1.89237e9**, which is equal to **1892370000**. Negative
+exponents are also allowed, so **4.2890e-3** is equal to **0.0042890**.
+
+Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the **-s** or **-w**,
+respectively, command-line options (or equivalents) are given.
+
+**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
+interpreted according to the current **ibase**, but the number is still
+multiplied by **10\^exponent** regardless of the current **ibase**. For example,
+if **ibase** is **16** and bc(1) is given the number string **FFeA**, the
+resulting decimal number will be **2550000000000**, and if bc(1) is given the
+number string **10e-4**, the resulting decimal number will be **0.0016**.
+
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Operators
+
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used. They are listed in
+order of decreasing precedence. Operators in the same group have the same
+precedence.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: Type: Prefix and Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **increment**, **decrement**
+
+**-** **!**
+
+: Type: Prefix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **negation**, **boolean not**
+
+**\$**
+
+: Type: Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **truncation**
+
+**\@**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **set precision**
+
+**\^**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **power**
+
+**\*** **/** **%**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **multiply**, **divide**, **modulus**
+
+**+** **-**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **add**, **subtract**
+
+**\<\<** **\>\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **shift left**, **shift right**
+
+**=** **\<\<=** **\>\>=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=** **\@=**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **assignment**
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **relational**
+
+**&&**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean and**
+
+**||**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean or**
+
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: The prefix and postfix **increment** and **decrement** operators behave
+ exactly like they would in C. They require a named expression (see the
+ *Named Expressions* subsection) as an operand.
+
+ The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where
+ possible.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **negation** operator returns **0** if a user attempts to negate any
+ expression with the value **0**. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with
+ its sign flipped is returned.
+
+**!**
+
+: The **boolean not** operator returns **1** if the expression is **0**, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\$**
+
+: The **truncation** operator returns a copy of the given expression with all
+ of its *scale* removed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\@**
+
+: The **set precision** operator takes two expressions and returns a copy of
+ the first with its *scale* equal to the value of the second expression. That
+ could either mean that the number is returned without change (if the
+ *scale* of the first expression matches the value of the second
+ expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is more).
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The **power** operator (not the **exclusive or** operator, as it would be in
+ C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of
+ the second.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*), and if it is
+ negative, the first value must be non-zero.
+
+**\***
+
+: The **multiply** operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and
+ returns the product. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result is
+ equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The **divide** operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the
+ quotient. The *scale* of the result shall be the value of **scale**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The **modulus** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ evaluates them by 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale** and 2) Using the
+ result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**+**
+
+: The **add** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and returns the
+ sum, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of **a** and **b**.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **subtract** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns the difference, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of
+ **a** and **b**.
+
+**\<\<**
+
+: The **left shift** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns a copy of the value of **a** with its decimal point moved **b**
+ places to the right.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\>\>**
+
+: The **right shift** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns a copy of the value of **a** with its decimal point moved **b**
+ places to the left.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=** **\<\<=** **\>\>=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=** **\@=**
+
+: The **assignment** operators take two expressions, **a** and **b** where
+ **a** is a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection).
+
+ For **=**, **b** is copied and the result is assigned to **a**. For all
+ others, **a** and **b** are applied as operands to the corresponding
+ arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to **a**.
+
+ The **assignment** operators that correspond to operators that are
+ extensions are themselves **non-portable extensions**.
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: The **relational** operators compare two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ if the relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is
+ **1**. Otherwise, it is **0**.
+
+ Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+ **assignment** operators, which means that **a=b\>c** is interpreted as
+ **(a=b)\>c**.
+
+ Also, unlike the [standard][1] requires, these operators can appear anywhere
+ any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**&&**
+
+: The **boolean and** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if both
+ expressions are non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**||**
+
+: The **boolean or** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if one
+ of the expressions is non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Statements
+
+The following items are statements:
+
+1. **E**
+2. **{** **S** **;** ... **;** **S** **}**
+3. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+4. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S** **else** **S**
+5. **while** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+6. **for** **(** **E** **;** **E** **;** **E** **)** **S**
+7. An empty statement
+8. **break**
+9. **continue**
+10. **quit**
+11. **halt**
+12. **limits**
+13. A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+14. **print** **E** **,** ... **,** **E**
+15. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+Also, as a **non-portable extension**, any or all of the expressions in the
+header of a for loop may be omitted. If the condition (second expression) is
+omitted, it is assumed to be a constant **1**.
+
+The **break** statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution
+immediately following a loop. This is only allowed in loops.
+
+The **continue** statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to
+the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition. This is only
+allowed in loops.
+
+The **if** **else** statement does the same thing as in C.
+
+The **quit** statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will
+not be executed (it is a compile-time command).
+
+The **halt** statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed. (Unlike **quit**
+if it is on a branch of an **if** statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not
+quit.)
+
+The **limits** statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to. This
+is like the **quit** statement in that it is a compile-time command.
+
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+
+Both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for printing the
+results of expressions. Scientific notation is activated by assigning **0** to
+**obase**, and engineering notation is activated by assigning **1** to
+**obase**. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to **obase**.
+
+Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is run with
+either the **-s** or **-w** command-line options (or equivalents).
+
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+## Print Statement
+
+The "expressions" in a **print** statement may also be strings. If they are, there
+are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially. What those
+sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
+
+-------- -------
+**\\a** **\\a**
+**\\b** **\\b**
+**\\\\** **\\**
+**\\e** **\\**
+**\\f** **\\f**
+**\\n** **\\n**
+**\\q** **"**
+**\\r** **\\r**
+**\\t** **\\t**
+-------- -------
+
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to
+be printed as-is.
+
+Any non-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to **last**,
+like any other expression that is printed.
+
+## Order of Evaluation
+
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary
+to maintain order of operations. This means, for example, assuming that **i** is
+equal to **0**, in the expression
+
+ a[i++] = i++
+
+the first (or 0th) element of **a** is set to **1**, and **i** is equal to **2**
+at the end of the expression.
+
+This includes function arguments. Thus, assuming **i** is equal to **0**, this
+means that in the expression
+
+ x(i++, i++)
+
+the first argument passed to **x()** is **0**, and the second argument is **1**,
+while **i** is equal to **2** before the function starts executing.
+
+# FUNCTIONS
+
+Function definitions are as follows:
+
+```
+define I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return(E)
+}
+```
+
+Any **I** in the parameter list or **auto** list may be replaced with **I[]** to
+make a parameter or **auto** var an array, and any **I** in the parameter list
+may be replaced with **\*I[]** to make a parameter an array reference. Callers
+of functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call;
+they must be called with just **I[]** like normal array parameters and will be
+automatically converted into references.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the opening brace of a **define** statement may
+appear on the next line.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the return statement may also be in one of the
+following forms:
+
+1. **return**
+2. **return** **(** **)**
+3. **return** **E**
+
+The first two, or not specifying a **return** statement, is equivalent to
+**return (0)**, unless the function is a **void** function (see the *Void
+Functions* subsection below).
+
+## Void Functions
+
+Functions can also be **void** functions, defined as follows:
+
+```
+define void I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return
+}
+```
+
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would
+be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+
+Void functions can only use the first two **return** statements listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have
+variables, arrays, and functions named **void**. The word "void" is only
+treated specially right after the **define** keyword.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Array References
+
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
+
+```
+*I[]
+```
+
+it is a **reference**. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected,
+when the function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# LIBRARY
+
+All of the functions below, including the functions in the extended math
+library (see the *Extended Library* subsection below), are available when the
+**-l** or **--mathlib** command-line flags are given, except that the extended
+math library is not available when the **-s** option, the **-w** option, or
+equivalents are given.
+
+## Standard Library
+
+The [standard][1] defines the following functions for the math library:
+
+**s(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**c(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l(x)**
+
+: Returns the natural logarithm of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**e(x)**
+
+: Returns the mathematical constant **e** raised to the power of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**j(x, n)**
+
+: Returns the bessel integer order **n** (truncated) of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+## Extended Library
+
+The extended library is *not* loaded when the **-s**/**--standard** or
+**-w**/**--warn** options are given since they are not part of the library
+defined by the [standard][1].
+
+The extended library is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**p(x, y)**
+
+: Calculates **x** to the power of **y**, even if **y** is not an integer, and
+ returns the result to the current **scale**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**r(x, p)**
+
+: Returns **x** rounded to **p** decimal places according to the rounding mode
+ [round half away from **0**][3].
+
+**ceil(x, p)**
+
+: Returns **x** rounded to **p** decimal places according to the rounding mode
+ [round away from **0**][6].
+
+**f(x)**
+
+: Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of **x**.
+
+**perm(n, k)**
+
+: Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of **n** of the
+ truncated absolute value of **k**, if **k \<= n**. If not, it returns **0**.
+
+**comb(n, k)**
+
+: Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of **n** of the
+ truncated absolute value of **k**, if **k \<= n**. If not, it returns **0**.
+
+**l2(x)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **2** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l10(x)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **10** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**log(x, b)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **b** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**cbrt(x)**
+
+: Returns the cube root of **x**.
+
+**root(x, n)**
+
+: Calculates the truncated value of **n**, **r**, and returns the **r**th root
+ of **x** to the current **scale**.
+
+ If **r** is **0** or negative, this raises an error and causes bc(1) to
+ reset (see the **RESET** section). It also raises an error and causes bc(1)
+ to reset if **r** is even and **x** is negative.
+
+**pi(p)**
+
+: Returns **pi** to **p** decimal places.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**t(x)**
+
+: Returns the tangent of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a2(y, x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **y/x**, in radians. If both **y** and **x** are
+ equal to **0**, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the
+ **RESET** section). Otherwise, if **x** is greater than **0**, it returns
+ **a(y/x)**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y** is greater than or equal
+ to **0**, it returns **a(y/x)+pi**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y**
+ is less than **0**, it returns **a(y/x)-pi**. If **x** is equal to **0**,
+ and **y** is greater than **0**, it returns **pi/2**. If **x** is equal to
+ **0**, and **y** is less than **0**, it returns **-pi/2**.
+
+ This function is the same as the **atan2()** function in many programming
+ languages.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**sin(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **s(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**cos(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **c(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**tan(x)**
+
+: Returns the tangent of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ If **x** is equal to **1** or **-1**, this raises an error and causes bc(1)
+ to reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is an alias of **t(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**atan(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **a(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**atan2(y, x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **y/x**, in radians. If both **y** and **x** are
+ equal to **0**, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the
+ **RESET** section). Otherwise, if **x** is greater than **0**, it returns
+ **a(y/x)**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y** is greater than or equal
+ to **0**, it returns **a(y/x)+pi**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y**
+ is less than **0**, it returns **a(y/x)-pi**. If **x** is equal to **0**,
+ and **y** is greater than **0**, it returns **pi/2**. If **x** is equal to
+ **0**, and **y** is less than **0**, it returns **-pi/2**.
+
+ This function is the same as the **atan2()** function in many programming
+ languages.
+
+ This is an alias of **a2(y, x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**r2d(x)**
+
+: Converts **x** from radians to degrees and returns the result.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**d2r(x)**
+
+: Converts **x** from degrees to radians and returns the result.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**frand(p)**
+
+: Generates a pseudo-random number between **0** (inclusive) and **1**
+ (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal
+ to the truncated absolute value of **p**. If **p** is not **0**, then
+ calling this function will change the value of **seed**. If **p** is **0**,
+ then **0** is returned, and **seed** is *not* changed.
+
+**ifrand(i, p)**
+
+: Generates a pseudo-random number that is between **0** (inclusive) and the
+ truncated absolute value of **i** (exclusive) with the number of decimal
+ digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of
+ **p**. If the absolute value of **i** is greater than or equal to **2**, and
+ **p** is not **0**, then calling this function will change the value of
+ **seed**; otherwise, **0** is returned and **seed** is not changed.
+
+**srand(x)**
+
+: Returns **x** with its sign flipped with probability **0.5**. In other
+ words, it randomizes the sign of **x**.
+
+**brand()**
+
+: Returns a random boolean value (either **0** or **1**).
+
+**ubytes(x)**
+
+: Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the truncated
+ absolute value of **x**.
+
+**sbytes(x)**
+
+: Returns the numbers of signed, two's-complement integer bytes required to
+ hold the truncated value of **x**.
+
+**hex(x)**
+
+: Outputs the hexadecimal (base **16**) representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**binary(x)**
+
+: Outputs the binary (base **2**) representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output(x, b)**
+
+: Outputs the base **b** representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both outputs are
+ split into bytes separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or is negative, an error message is printed
+ instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both
+ outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1)
+ is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uintn(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **n** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **n** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**intn(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **n** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **n** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint8(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **1** byte. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **1** byte, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int8(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **1** byte. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **1** byte, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint16(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **2** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **2** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int16(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **2** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **2** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint32(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **4** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **4** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int32(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **4** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **4** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint64(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **8** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **8** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int64(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **8** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **8** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**hex_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in hexadecimal using **n** bytes. Not all of the value will
+ be output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**binary_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in binary using **n** bytes. Not all of the value will be
+ output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in the current **obase** (see the **SYNTAX** section) using
+ **n** bytes. Not all of the value will be output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output_byte(x, i)**
+
+: Outputs byte **i** of the truncated absolute value of **x**, where **0** is
+ the least significant byte and **number_of_bytes - 1** is the most
+ significant byte.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+## Transcendental Functions
+
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1
+[ULP][4]). This is unavoidable, and [this article][5] explains why it is
+impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental
+functions.
+
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions
+with the precision (**scale**) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary. If
+exact results are *absolutely* required, users can double the precision
+(**scale**) and then truncate.
+
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+
+* **s(x)**
+* **c(x)**
+* **a(x)**
+* **l(x)**
+* **e(x)**
+* **j(x, n)**
+
+The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
+
+* **l2(x)**
+* **l10(x)**
+* **log(x, b)**
+* **pi(p)**
+* **t(x)**
+* **a2(y, x)**
+* **sin(x)**
+* **cos(x)**
+* **tan(x)**
+* **atan(x)**
+* **atan2(y, x)**
+* **r2d(x)**
+* **d2r(x)**
+
+# RESET
+
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+functions returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to
+start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most bc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This bc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **BC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **BC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+The actual values of **BC_LONG_BIT** and **BC_BASE_DIGS** can be queried with
+the **limits** statement.
+
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **BC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+
+**BC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where bc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **BC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **BC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**BC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_RAND_MAX**
+
+: The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the **rand()** operand. Set at
+ **2\^BC_LONG_BIT-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+The actual values can be queried with the **limits** statement.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**POSIXLY_CORRECT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+ the **-s** option was given.
+
+**BC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to bc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **BC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+
+ The code that parses **BC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"bc\" file.bc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **BC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**BC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), bc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash (**\\**). The default line
+ length is **70**.
+
+**BC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
+ generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**), places (**\@**), left shift (**\<\<**), and right shift (**\>\>**)
+ operators and their corresponding assignment operators.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid,
+ giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an
+ invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is
+ not a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection of the
+ **SYNTAX** section), giving an invalid **auto** list, having a duplicate
+ **auto**/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code block,
+ attempting to return a value from a **void** function, attempting to use a
+ variable as a reference, and using any extensions when the option **-s** or
+ any equivalents were given.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, passing the wrong number of
+ arguments to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and
+ attempting to use a **void** function call as a value in an expression.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Per the [standard][1], bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the **COMMAND LINE HISTORY**
+section). It is also required to enable special handling for **SIGINT** signals.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If bc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If bc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals. The one exception is **SIGHUP**; in that
+case, when bc(1) is in TTY mode, a **SIGHUP** will cause bc(1) to clean up and
+exit.
+
+# COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+
+bc(1) supports interactive command-line editing. If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see
+the **TTY MODE** section), history is enabled. Previous lines can be recalled
+and edited with the arrow keys.
+
+**Note**: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+
+# LOCALES
+
+This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales
+and thus, supports **LC_MESSAGES**.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+dc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+bc(1) is compliant with the [IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1]
+specification. The flags **-efghiqsvVw**, all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that
+use a period (**.**) as a radix point, regardless of the value of
+**LC_NUMERIC**.
+
+This bc(1) supports error messages for different locales, and thus, it supports
+**LC_MESSAGES**.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
+[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero
+[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place
+[5]: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc.1.md.in
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc.1.md.in (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc.1.md.in (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1814 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# NAME
+
+bc - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**bc** [**-ghilPqsvVw**] [**--global-stacks**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--mathlib**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--quiet**] [**--standard**] [**--warn**] [**--version**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...]
+[*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+bc(1) is an interactive processor for a language first standardized in 1991 by
+POSIX. (The current standard is [here][1].) The language provides unlimited
+precision decimal arithmetic and is somewhat C-like, but there are differences.
+Such differences will be noted in this document.
+
+After parsing and handling options, this bc(1) reads any files given on the
+command line and executes them before reading from **stdin**.
+
+{{ A N P NP }}
+This bc(1) is a drop-in replacement for *any* bc(1), including (and
+especially) the GNU bc(1). It also has many extensions and extra features beyond
+other implementations.
+{{ end }}
+{{ E EN EP ENP }}
+This bc(1) is a drop-in replacement for *any* bc(1), including (and
+especially) the GNU bc(1).
+{{ end }}
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that bc(1) accepts.
+
+**-g**, **--global-stacks**
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+: Turns the globals **ibase**, **obase**, **scale**, and **seed** into stacks.
+
+ This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all four are pushed
+{{ end }}
+{{ E EH EN EP EHN EHP ENP EHNP }}
+ Turns the globals **ibase**, **obase**, and **scale** into stacks.
+
+ This has the effect that a copy of the current value of all three are pushed
+{{ end }}
+ onto a stack for every function call, as well as popped when every function
+ returns. This means that functions can assign to any and all of those
+ globals without worrying that the change will affect other functions.
+ Thus, a hypothetical function named **output(x,b)** that simply printed
+ **x** in base **b** could be written like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ obase=b
+ x
+ }
+
+ instead of like this:
+
+ define void output(x, b) {
+ auto c
+ c=obase
+ obase=b
+ x
+ obase=c
+ }
+
+ This makes writing functions much easier.
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+ (**Note**: the function **output(x,b)** exists in the extended math library.
+ See the **LIBRARY** section.)
+
+ However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set **ibase**,
+ **obase**, **scale**, or **seed** globally, functions that are made to do so
+ cannot work anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has
+ a solution.
+{{ end }}
+{{ E EH EN EP EHN EHP ENP EHNP }}
+ However, since using this flag means that functions cannot set **ibase**,
+ **obase**, or **scale** globally, functions that are made to do so cannot
+ work anymore. There are two possible use cases for that, and each has a
+ solution.
+{{ end }}
+
+ First, if a function is called on startup to turn bc(1) into a number
+ converter, it is possible to replace that capability with various shell
+ aliases. Examples:
+
+ alias d2o="bc -e ibase=A -e obase=8"
+ alias h2b="bc -e ibase=G -e obase=2"
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+ Second, if the purpose of a function is to set **ibase**, **obase**,
+ **scale**, or **seed** globally for any other purpose, it could be split
+ into one to four functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of
+ those functions could return the desired value for a global.
+
+ For functions that set **seed**, the value assigned to **seed** is not
+ propagated to parent functions. This means that the sequence of
+ pseudo-random numbers that they see will not be the same sequence of
+ pseudo-random numbers that any parent sees. This is only the case once
+ **seed** has been set.
+
+ If a function desires to not affect the sequence of pseudo-random numbers
+ of its parents, but wants to use the same **seed**, it can use the following
+ line:
+
+ seed = seed
+{{ end }}
+{{ E EH EN EP EHN EHP ENP EHNP }}
+ Second, if the purpose of a function is to set **ibase**, **obase**, or
+ **scale** globally for any other purpose, it could be split into one to
+ three functions (based on how many globals it sets) and each of those
+ functions could return the desired value for a global.
+{{ end }}
+
+ If the behavior of this option is desired for every run of bc(1), then users
+ could make sure to define **BC_ENV_ARGS** and include this option (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section for more details).
+
+ If **-s**, **-w**, or any equivalents are used, this option is ignored.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-l**, **--mathlib**
+
+: Sets **scale** (see the **SYNTAX** section) to **20** and loads the included
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+ math library and the extended math library before running any code,
+ including any expressions or files specified on the command line.
+
+ To learn what is in the libraries, see the **LIBRARY** section.
+{{ end }}
+{{ E EH EN EP EHN EHP ENP EHNP }}
+ math library before running any code, including any expressions or files
+ specified on the command line.
+
+ To learn what is in the library, see the **LIBRARY** section.
+{{ end }}
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+{{ A E H N EH EN HN EHN }}
+: Disables the prompt in TTY mode. (The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+ See the **TTY MODE** section) This is mostly for those users that do not
+ want a prompt or are not used to having them in bc(1). Most of those users
+ would want to put this option in **BC_ENV_ARGS** (see the
+ **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+{{ end }}
+{{ P EP HP NP EHP ENP HNP EHNP }}
+: This option is a no-op.
+{{ end }}
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-q**, **--quiet**
+
+: Do not print copyright header. bc(1) will also suppress the header in
+ non-interactive mode.
+
+ This is mostly for compatibility with the [GNU bc(1)][2].
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-s**, **--standard**
+
+: Process exactly the language defined by the [standard][1] and error if any
+ extensions are used.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-w**, **--warn**
+
+: Like **-s** and **--standard**, except that warnings (and not errors) are
+ printed for non-standard extensions and execution continues normally.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other bc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This bc(1) does not, unless the
+ **BC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **bc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other bc(1) implementations, this bc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **bc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that bc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other bc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+The syntax for bc(1) programs is mostly C-like, with some differences. This
+bc(1) follows the [POSIX standard][1], which is a much more thorough resource
+for the language this bc(1) accepts. This section is meant to be a summary and a
+listing of all the extensions to the standard.
+
+In the sections below, **E** means expression, **S** means statement, and **I**
+means identifier.
+
+Identifiers (**I**) start with a lowercase letter and can be followed by any
+number (up to **BC_NAME_MAX-1**) of lowercase letters (**a-z**), digits
+(**0-9**), and underscores (**\_**). The regex is **\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\***.
+Identifiers with more than one character (letter) are a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**ibase** is a global variable determining how to interpret constant numbers. It
+is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input numbers.
+**ibase** is initially **10**. If the **-s** (**--standard**) and **-w**
+(**--warn**) flags were not given on the command line, the max allowable value
+for **ibase** is **36**. Otherwise, it is **16**. The min allowable value for
+**ibase** is **2**. The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in
+bc(1) programs with the **maxibase()** built-in function.
+
+**obase** is a global variable determining how to output results. It is the
+"output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers. **obase** is
+initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is **BC_BASE_MAX** and
+can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxobase()** built-in function. The
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+min allowable value for **obase** is **0**. If **obase** is **0**, values are
+output in scientific notation, and if **obase** is **1**, values are output in
+engineering notation. Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are **non-portable
+extensions**.
+{{ end }}
+{{ E EH EN EP EHN EHP ENP EHNP }}
+min allowable value for **obase** is **2**. Values are output in the specified
+base.
+{{ end }}
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a global variable that
+sets the precision of any operations, with exceptions. **scale** is initially
+**0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max allowable value for **scale** is
+**BC_SCALE_MAX** and can be queried in bc(1) programs with the **maxscale()**
+built-in function.
+
+bc(1) has both *global* variables and *local* variables. All *local*
+variables are local to the function; they are parameters or are introduced in
+the **auto** list of a function (see the **FUNCTIONS** section). If a variable
+is accessed which is not a parameter or in the **auto** list, it is assumed to
+be *global*. If a parent function has a *local* variable version of a variable
+that a child function considers *global*, the value of that *global* variable in
+the child function is the value of the variable in the parent function, not the
+value of the actual *global* variable.
+
+All of the above applies to arrays as well.
+
+The value of a statement that is an expression (i.e., any of the named
+expressions or operands) is printed unless the lowest precedence operator is an
+assignment operator *and* the expression is notsurrounded by parentheses.
+
+The value that is printed is also assigned to the special variable **last**. A
+single dot (**.**) may also be used as a synonym for **last**. These are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
+
+## Comments
+
+There are two kinds of comments:
+
+1. Block comments are enclosed in **/\*** and **\*/**.
+2. Line comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This
+ is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Named Expressions
+
+The following are named expressions in bc(1):
+
+1. Variables: **I**
+2. Array Elements: **I[E]**
+3. **ibase**
+4. **obase**
+5. **scale**
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+6. **seed**
+7. **last** or a single dot (**.**)
+
+Numbers 6 and 7 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+The meaning of **seed** is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
+generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
+
+The *scale* and sign of the value may be significant.
+
+If a previously used **seed** value is assigned to **seed** and used again, the
+pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers as it did when the **seed** value was previously used.
+
+The exact value assigned to **seed** is not guaranteed to be returned if
+**seed** is queried again immediately. However, if **seed** *does* return a
+different value, both values, when assigned to **seed**, are guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain
+values assigned to **seed** will *not* produce unique sequences of pseudo-random
+numbers. The value of **seed** will change after any use of the **rand()** and
+**irand(E)** operands (see the *Operands* subsection below), except if the
+parameter passed to **irand(E)** is **0**, **1**, or negative.
+
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
+*scale* of the value that can be assigned to **seed**.
+{{ end }}
+{{ E EH EN EP EHN EHP ENP EHNP }}
+6. **last** or a single dot (**.**)
+
+Number 6 is a **non-portable extension**.
+{{ end }}
+
+Variables and arrays do not interfere; users can have arrays named the same as
+variables. This also applies to functions (see the **FUNCTIONS** section), so a
+user can have a variable, array, and function that all have the same name, and
+they will not shadow each other, whether inside of functions or not.
+
+Named expressions are required as the operand of **increment**/**decrement**
+operators and as the left side of **assignment** operators (see the *Operators*
+subsection).
+
+## Operands
+
+The following are valid operands in bc(1):
+
+1. Numbers (see the *Numbers* subsection below).
+2. Array indices (**I[E]**).
+3. **(E)**: The value of **E** (used to change precedence).
+4. **sqrt(E)**: The square root of **E**. **E** must be non-negative.
+5. **length(E)**: The number of significant decimal digits in **E**.
+6. **length(I[])**: The number of elements in the array **I**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+7. **scale(E)**: The *scale* of **E**.
+8. **abs(E)**: The absolute value of **E**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+9. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a non-**void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+10. **read()**: Reads a line from **stdin** and uses that as an expression. The
+ result of that expression is the result of the **read()** operand. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+11. **maxibase()**: The max allowable **ibase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+12. **maxobase()**: The max allowable **obase**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+13. **maxscale()**: The max allowable **scale**. This is a **non-portable
+ extension**.
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+14. **rand()**: A pseudo-random integer between **0** (inclusive) and
+ **BC_RAND_MAX** (inclusive). Using this operand will change the value of
+ **seed**. This is a **non-portable extension**.
+15. **irand(E)**: A pseudo-random integer between **0** (inclusive) and the
+ value of **E** (exclusive). If **E** is negative or is a non-integer
+ (**E**'s *scale* is not **0**), an error is raised, and bc(1) resets (see
+ the **RESET** section) while **seed** remains unchanged. If **E** is larger
+ than **BC_RAND_MAX**, the higher bound is honored by generating several
+ pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of
+ **BC_RAND_MAX+1**, and adding them together. Thus, the size of integer that
+ can be generated with this operand is unbounded. Using this operand will
+ change the value of **seed**, unless the value of **E** is **0** or **1**.
+ In that case, **0** is returned, and **seed** is *not* changed. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+16. **maxrand()**: The max integer returned by **rand()**. This is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+The integers generated by **rand()** and **irand(E)** are guaranteed to be as
+unbiased as possible, subject to the limitations of the pseudo-random number
+generator.
+
+**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with
+**rand()** and **irand(E)** are guaranteed to *NOT* be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
+they *are* guaranteed to be reproducible with identical **seed** values.
+{{ end }}
+
+## Numbers
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters, and at most **1**
+period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **BC_NUM_MAX** digits. Uppercase
+letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e., **A** equals
+**10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value
+of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **Z** alone always equals decimal
+**35**.
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+In addition, bc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation. These have the form
+**\<number\>e\<integer\>**. The power (the portion after the **e**) must be an
+integer. An example is **1.89237e9**, which is equal to **1892370000**. Negative
+exponents are also allowed, so **4.2890e-3** is equal to **0.0042890**.
+
+Using scientific notation is an error or warning if the **-s** or **-w**,
+respectively, command-line options (or equivalents) are given.
+
+**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
+interpreted according to the current **ibase**, but the number is still
+multiplied by **10\^exponent** regardless of the current **ibase**. For example,
+if **ibase** is **16** and bc(1) is given the number string **FFeA**, the
+resulting decimal number will be **2550000000000**, and if bc(1) is given the
+number string **10e-4**, the resulting decimal number will be **0.0016**.
+
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
+{{ end }}
+
+## Operators
+
+The following arithmetic and logical operators can be used. They are listed in
+order of decreasing precedence. Operators in the same group have the same
+precedence.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: Type: Prefix and Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **increment**, **decrement**
+
+**-** **!**
+
+: Type: Prefix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **negation**, **boolean not**
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+**\$**
+
+: Type: Postfix
+
+ Associativity: None
+
+ Description: **truncation**
+
+**\@**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **set precision**
+{{ end }}
+
+**\^**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **power**
+
+**\*** **/** **%**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **multiply**, **divide**, **modulus**
+
+**+** **-**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **add**, **subtract**
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+**\<\<** **\>\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **shift left**, **shift right**
+
+**=** **\<\<=** **\>\>=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=** **\@=**
+{{ end }}
+{{ E EH EN EP EHN EHP ENP EHNP }}
+**=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=**
+{{ end }}
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Right
+
+ Description: **assignment**
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **relational**
+
+**&&**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean and**
+
+**||**
+
+: Type: Binary
+
+ Associativity: Left
+
+ Description: **boolean or**
+
+The operators will be described in more detail below.
+
+**++** **--**
+
+: The prefix and postfix **increment** and **decrement** operators behave
+ exactly like they would in C. They require a named expression (see the
+ *Named Expressions* subsection) as an operand.
+
+ The prefix versions of these operators are more efficient; use them where
+ possible.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **negation** operator returns **0** if a user attempts to negate any
+ expression with the value **0**. Otherwise, a copy of the expression with
+ its sign flipped is returned.
+
+**!**
+
+: The **boolean not** operator returns **1** if the expression is **0**, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+**\$**
+
+: The **truncation** operator returns a copy of the given expression with all
+ of its *scale* removed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\@**
+
+: The **set precision** operator takes two expressions and returns a copy of
+ the first with its *scale* equal to the value of the second expression. That
+ could either mean that the number is returned without change (if the
+ *scale* of the first expression matches the value of the second
+ expression), extended (if it is less), or truncated (if it is more).
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+{{ end }}
+
+**\^**
+
+: The **power** operator (not the **exclusive or** operator, as it would be in
+ C) takes two expressions and raises the first to the power of the value of
+ the second.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*), and if it is
+ negative, the first value must be non-zero.
+
+**\***
+
+: The **multiply** operator takes two expressions, multiplies them, and
+ returns the product. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result is
+ equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The **divide** operator takes two expressions, divides them, and returns the
+ quotient. The *scale* of the result shall be the value of **scale**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The **modulus** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ evaluates them by 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale** and 2) Using the
+ result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The second expression must be non-zero.
+
+**+**
+
+: The **add** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and returns the
+ sum, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of **a** and **b**.
+
+**-**
+
+: The **subtract** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns the difference, with a *scale* equal to the max of the *scale*s of
+ **a** and **b**.
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+**\<\<**
+
+: The **left shift** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns a copy of the value of **a** with its decimal point moved **b**
+ places to the right.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\>\>**
+
+: The **right shift** operator takes two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ returns a copy of the value of **a** with its decimal point moved **b**
+ places to the left.
+
+ The second expression must be an integer (no *scale*) and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+{{ end }}
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+**=** **\<\<=** **\>\>=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=** **\@=**
+{{ end }}
+{{ E EH EN EP EHN EHP ENP EHNP }}
+**=** **+=** **-=** **\*=** **/=** **%=** **\^=**
+{{ end }}
+
+: The **assignment** operators take two expressions, **a** and **b** where
+ **a** is a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection).
+
+ For **=**, **b** is copied and the result is assigned to **a**. For all
+ others, **a** and **b** are applied as operands to the corresponding
+ arithmetic operator and the result is assigned to **a**.
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+ The **assignment** operators that correspond to operators that are
+ extensions are themselves **non-portable extensions**.
+{{ end }}
+
+**==** **\<=** **\>=** **!=** **\<** **\>**
+
+: The **relational** operators compare two expressions, **a** and **b**, and
+ if the relation holds, according to C language semantics, the result is
+ **1**. Otherwise, it is **0**.
+
+ Note that unlike in C, these operators have a lower precedence than the
+ **assignment** operators, which means that **a=b\>c** is interpreted as
+ **(a=b)\>c**.
+
+ Also, unlike the [standard][1] requires, these operators can appear anywhere
+ any other expressions can be used. This allowance is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**&&**
+
+: The **boolean and** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if both
+ expressions are non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**||**
+
+: The **boolean or** operator takes two expressions and returns **1** if one
+ of the expressions is non-zero, **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is *not* a short-circuit operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Statements
+
+The following items are statements:
+
+1. **E**
+2. **{** **S** **;** ... **;** **S** **}**
+3. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+4. **if** **(** **E** **)** **S** **else** **S**
+5. **while** **(** **E** **)** **S**
+6. **for** **(** **E** **;** **E** **;** **E** **)** **S**
+7. An empty statement
+8. **break**
+9. **continue**
+10. **quit**
+11. **halt**
+12. **limits**
+13. A string of characters, enclosed in double quotes
+14. **print** **E** **,** ... **,** **E**
+15. **I()**, **I(E)**, **I(E, E)**, and so on, where **I** is an identifier for
+ a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section). The **E** argument(s) may also be arrays of the form
+ **I[]**, which will automatically be turned into array references (see the
+ *Array References* subsection of the **FUNCTIONS** section) if the
+ corresponding parameter in the function definition is an array reference.
+
+Numbers 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15 are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+Also, as a **non-portable extension**, any or all of the expressions in the
+header of a for loop may be omitted. If the condition (second expression) is
+omitted, it is assumed to be a constant **1**.
+
+The **break** statement causes a loop to stop iterating and resume execution
+immediately following a loop. This is only allowed in loops.
+
+The **continue** statement causes a loop iteration to stop early and returns to
+the start of the loop, including testing the loop condition. This is only
+allowed in loops.
+
+The **if** **else** statement does the same thing as in C.
+
+The **quit** statement causes bc(1) to quit, even if it is on a branch that will
+not be executed (it is a compile-time command).
+
+The **halt** statement causes bc(1) to quit, if it is executed. (Unlike **quit**
+if it is on a branch of an **if** statement that is not executed, bc(1) does not
+quit.)
+
+The **limits** statement prints the limits that this bc(1) is subject to. This
+is like the **quit** statement in that it is a compile-time command.
+
+An expression by itself is evaluated and printed, followed by a newline.
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+Both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for printing the
+results of expressions. Scientific notation is activated by assigning **0** to
+**obase**, and engineering notation is activated by assigning **1** to
+**obase**. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to **obase**.
+
+Scientific notation and engineering notation are disabled if bc(1) is run with
+either the **-s** or **-w** command-line options (or equivalents).
+
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+{{ end }}
+
+## Print Statement
+
+The "expressions" in a **print** statement may also be strings. If they are, there
+are backslash escape sequences that are interpreted specially. What those
+sequences are, and what they cause to be printed, are shown below:
+
+-------- -------
+**\\a** **\\a**
+**\\b** **\\b**
+**\\\\** **\\**
+**\\e** **\\**
+**\\f** **\\f**
+**\\n** **\\n**
+**\\q** **"**
+**\\r** **\\r**
+**\\t** **\\t**
+-------- -------
+
+Any other character following a backslash causes the backslash and character to
+be printed as-is.
+
+Any non-string expression in a print statement shall be assigned to **last**,
+like any other expression that is printed.
+
+## Order of Evaluation
+
+All expressions in a statment are evaluated left to right, except as necessary
+to maintain order of operations. This means, for example, assuming that **i** is
+equal to **0**, in the expression
+
+ a[i++] = i++
+
+the first (or 0th) element of **a** is set to **1**, and **i** is equal to **2**
+at the end of the expression.
+
+This includes function arguments. Thus, assuming **i** is equal to **0**, this
+means that in the expression
+
+ x(i++, i++)
+
+the first argument passed to **x()** is **0**, and the second argument is **1**,
+while **i** is equal to **2** before the function starts executing.
+
+# FUNCTIONS
+
+Function definitions are as follows:
+
+```
+define I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return(E)
+}
+```
+
+Any **I** in the parameter list or **auto** list may be replaced with **I[]** to
+make a parameter or **auto** var an array, and any **I** in the parameter list
+may be replaced with **\*I[]** to make a parameter an array reference. Callers
+of functions that take array references should not put an asterisk in the call;
+they must be called with just **I[]** like normal array parameters and will be
+automatically converted into references.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the opening brace of a **define** statement may
+appear on the next line.
+
+As a **non-portable extension**, the return statement may also be in one of the
+following forms:
+
+1. **return**
+2. **return** **(** **)**
+3. **return** **E**
+
+The first two, or not specifying a **return** statement, is equivalent to
+**return (0)**, unless the function is a **void** function (see the *Void
+Functions* subsection below).
+
+## Void Functions
+
+Functions can also be **void** functions, defined as follows:
+
+```
+define void I(I,...,I){
+ auto I,...,I
+ S;...;S
+ return
+}
+```
+
+They can only be used as standalone expressions, where such an expression would
+be printed alone, except in a print statement.
+
+Void functions can only use the first two **return** statements listed above.
+They can also omit the return statement entirely.
+
+The word "void" is not treated as a keyword; it is still possible to have
+variables, arrays, and functions named **void**. The word "void" is only
+treated specially right after the **define** keyword.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Array References
+
+For any array in the parameter list, if the array is declared in the form
+
+```
+*I[]
+```
+
+it is a **reference**. Any changes to the array in the function are reflected,
+when the function returns, to the array that was passed in.
+
+Other than this, all function arguments are passed by value.
+
+This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# LIBRARY
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+All of the functions below, including the functions in the extended math
+library (see the *Extended Library* subsection below), are available when the
+**-l** or **--mathlib** command-line flags are given, except that the extended
+math library is not available when the **-s** option, the **-w** option, or
+equivalents are given.
+{{ end }}
+{{ E EH EN EP EHN EHP ENP EHNP }}
+All of the functions below are available when the **-l** or **--mathlib**
+command-line flags are given.
+{{ end }}
+
+## Standard Library
+
+The [standard][1] defines the following functions for the math library:
+
+**s(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**c(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l(x)**
+
+: Returns the natural logarithm of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**e(x)**
+
+: Returns the mathematical constant **e** raised to the power of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**j(x, n)**
+
+: Returns the bessel integer order **n** (truncated) of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+## Extended Library
+
+The extended library is *not* loaded when the **-s**/**--standard** or
+**-w**/**--warn** options are given since they are not part of the library
+defined by the [standard][1].
+
+The extended library is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**p(x, y)**
+
+: Calculates **x** to the power of **y**, even if **y** is not an integer, and
+ returns the result to the current **scale**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**r(x, p)**
+
+: Returns **x** rounded to **p** decimal places according to the rounding mode
+ [round half away from **0**][3].
+
+**ceil(x, p)**
+
+: Returns **x** rounded to **p** decimal places according to the rounding mode
+ [round away from **0**][6].
+
+**f(x)**
+
+: Returns the factorial of the truncated absolute value of **x**.
+
+**perm(n, k)**
+
+: Returns the permutation of the truncated absolute value of **n** of the
+ truncated absolute value of **k**, if **k \<= n**. If not, it returns **0**.
+
+**comb(n, k)**
+
+: Returns the combination of the truncated absolute value of **n** of the
+ truncated absolute value of **k**, if **k \<= n**. If not, it returns **0**.
+
+**l2(x)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **2** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**l10(x)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **10** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**log(x, b)**
+
+: Returns the logarithm base **b** of **x**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**cbrt(x)**
+
+: Returns the cube root of **x**.
+
+**root(x, n)**
+
+: Calculates the truncated value of **n**, **r**, and returns the **r**th root
+ of **x** to the current **scale**.
+
+ If **r** is **0** or negative, this raises an error and causes bc(1) to
+ reset (see the **RESET** section). It also raises an error and causes bc(1)
+ to reset if **r** is even and **x** is negative.
+
+**pi(p)**
+
+: Returns **pi** to **p** decimal places.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**t(x)**
+
+: Returns the tangent of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**a2(y, x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **y/x**, in radians. If both **y** and **x** are
+ equal to **0**, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the
+ **RESET** section). Otherwise, if **x** is greater than **0**, it returns
+ **a(y/x)**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y** is greater than or equal
+ to **0**, it returns **a(y/x)+pi**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y**
+ is less than **0**, it returns **a(y/x)-pi**. If **x** is equal to **0**,
+ and **y** is greater than **0**, it returns **pi/2**. If **x** is equal to
+ **0**, and **y** is less than **0**, it returns **-pi/2**.
+
+ This function is the same as the **atan2()** function in many programming
+ languages.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**sin(x)**
+
+: Returns the sine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **s(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**cos(x)**
+
+: Returns the cosine of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **c(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**tan(x)**
+
+: Returns the tangent of **x**, which is assumed to be in radians.
+
+ If **x** is equal to **1** or **-1**, this raises an error and causes bc(1)
+ to reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is an alias of **t(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**atan(x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **x**, in radians.
+
+ This is an alias of **a(x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**atan2(y, x)**
+
+: Returns the arctangent of **y/x**, in radians. If both **y** and **x** are
+ equal to **0**, it raises an error and causes bc(1) to reset (see the
+ **RESET** section). Otherwise, if **x** is greater than **0**, it returns
+ **a(y/x)**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y** is greater than or equal
+ to **0**, it returns **a(y/x)+pi**. If **x** is less than **0**, and **y**
+ is less than **0**, it returns **a(y/x)-pi**. If **x** is equal to **0**,
+ and **y** is greater than **0**, it returns **pi/2**. If **x** is equal to
+ **0**, and **y** is less than **0**, it returns **-pi/2**.
+
+ This function is the same as the **atan2()** function in many programming
+ languages.
+
+ This is an alias of **a2(y, x)**.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**r2d(x)**
+
+: Converts **x** from radians to degrees and returns the result.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**d2r(x)**
+
+: Converts **x** from degrees to radians and returns the result.
+
+ This is a transcendental function (see the *Transcendental Functions*
+ subsection below).
+
+**frand(p)**
+
+: Generates a pseudo-random number between **0** (inclusive) and **1**
+ (exclusive) with the number of decimal digits after the decimal point equal
+ to the truncated absolute value of **p**. If **p** is not **0**, then
+ calling this function will change the value of **seed**. If **p** is **0**,
+ then **0** is returned, and **seed** is *not* changed.
+
+**ifrand(i, p)**
+
+: Generates a pseudo-random number that is between **0** (inclusive) and the
+ truncated absolute value of **i** (exclusive) with the number of decimal
+ digits after the decimal point equal to the truncated absolute value of
+ **p**. If the absolute value of **i** is greater than or equal to **2**, and
+ **p** is not **0**, then calling this function will change the value of
+ **seed**; otherwise, **0** is returned and **seed** is not changed.
+
+**srand(x)**
+
+: Returns **x** with its sign flipped with probability **0.5**. In other
+ words, it randomizes the sign of **x**.
+
+**brand()**
+
+: Returns a random boolean value (either **0** or **1**).
+
+**ubytes(x)**
+
+: Returns the numbers of unsigned integer bytes required to hold the truncated
+ absolute value of **x**.
+
+**sbytes(x)**
+
+: Returns the numbers of signed, two's-complement integer bytes required to
+ hold the truncated value of **x**.
+
+**hex(x)**
+
+: Outputs the hexadecimal (base **16**) representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**binary(x)**
+
+: Outputs the binary (base **2**) representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output(x, b)**
+
+: Outputs the base **b** representation of **x**.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both outputs are
+ split into bytes separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or is negative, an error message is printed
+ instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in as few power of two bytes as possible. Both
+ outputs are split into bytes separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, an error message is printed instead, but bc(1)
+ is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uintn(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **n** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **n** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**intn(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **n** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **n** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint8(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **1** byte. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **1** byte, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int8(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **1** byte. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **1** byte, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint16(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **2** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **2** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int16(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **2** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **2** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint32(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **4** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **4** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int32(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **4** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **4** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**uint64(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in **8** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes separated
+ by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer, is negative, or cannot fit into **8** bytes, an
+ error message is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET**
+ section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**int64(x)**
+
+: Outputs the representation, in binary and hexadecimal, of **x** as a signed,
+ two's-complement integer in **8** bytes. Both outputs are split into bytes
+ separated by spaces.
+
+ If **x** is not an integer or cannot fit into **8** bytes, an error message
+ is printed instead, but bc(1) is not reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**hex_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in hexadecimal using **n** bytes. Not all of the value will
+ be output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**binary_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in binary using **n** bytes. Not all of the value will be
+ output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output_uint(x, n)**
+
+: Outputs the representation of the truncated absolute value of **x** as an
+ unsigned integer in the current **obase** (see the **SYNTAX** section) using
+ **n** bytes. Not all of the value will be output if **n** is too small.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+
+**output_byte(x, i)**
+
+: Outputs byte **i** of the truncated absolute value of **x**, where **0** is
+ the least significant byte and **number_of_bytes - 1** is the most
+ significant byte.
+
+ This is a **void** function (see the *Void Functions* subsection of the
+ **FUNCTIONS** section).
+{{ end }}
+
+## Transcendental Functions
+
+All transcendental functions can return slightly inaccurate results (up to 1
+[ULP][4]). This is unavoidable, and [this article][5] explains why it is
+impossible and unnecessary to calculate exact results for the transcendental
+functions.
+
+Because of the possible inaccuracy, I recommend that users call those functions
+with the precision (**scale**) set to at least 1 higher than is necessary. If
+exact results are *absolutely* required, users can double the precision
+(**scale**) and then truncate.
+
+The transcendental functions in the standard math library are:
+
+* **s(x)**
+* **c(x)**
+* **a(x)**
+* **l(x)**
+* **e(x)**
+* **j(x, n)**
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+The transcendental functions in the extended math library are:
+
+* **l2(x)**
+* **l10(x)**
+* **log(x, b)**
+* **pi(p)**
+* **t(x)**
+* **a2(y, x)**
+* **sin(x)**
+* **cos(x)**
+* **tan(x)**
+* **atan(x)**
+* **atan2(y, x)**
+* **r2d(x)**
+* **d2r(x)**
+{{ end }}
+
+# RESET
+
+When bc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any functions that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+functions returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when bc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+Note that this reset behavior is different from the GNU bc(1), which attempts to
+start executing the statement right after the one that caused an error.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most bc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This bc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **BC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **BC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+The actual values of **BC_LONG_BIT** and **BC_BASE_DIGS** can be queried with
+the **limits** statement.
+
+In addition, this bc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **BC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on bc(1):
+
+**BC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where bc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**BC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **BC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **BC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **BC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**BC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **BC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**BC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**BC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+**BC_RAND_MAX**
+
+: The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the **rand()** operand. Set at
+ **2\^BC_LONG_BIT-1**.
+{{ end }}
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **BC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+The actual values can be queried with the **limits** statement.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+bc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**POSIXLY_CORRECT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) behaves as if
+ the **-s** option was given.
+
+**BC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to bc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **BC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time bc(1) runs.
+
+ The code that parses **BC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some bc file.bc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"bc\" file.bc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **BC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**BC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), bc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash (**\\**). The default line
+ length is **70**.
+
+**BC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), bc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+bc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
+ generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**), places (**\@**), left shift (**\<\<**), and right shift (**\>\>**)
+ operators and their corresponding assignment operators.
+{{ end }}
+{{ E EH EN EP EHN EHP ENP EHNP }}
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**) operator and the corresponding assignment operator.
+{{ end }}
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, using a token where it is invalid,
+ giving an invalid expression, giving an invalid print statement, giving an
+ invalid function definition, attempting to assign to an expression that is
+ not a named expression (see the *Named Expressions* subsection of the
+ **SYNTAX** section), giving an invalid **auto** list, having a duplicate
+ **auto**/function parameter, failing to find the end of a code block,
+ attempting to return a value from a **void** function, attempting to use a
+ variable as a reference, and using any extensions when the option **-s** or
+ any equivalents were given.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, passing the wrong number of
+ arguments to functions, attempting to call an undefined function, and
+ attempting to use a **void** function call as a value in an expression.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (bc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, bc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode bc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when bc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since bc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow bc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Per the [standard][1], bc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, bc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, bc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+{{ A E N P EN EP NP ENP }}
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the **COMMAND LINE HISTORY**
+section). It is also required to enable special handling for **SIGINT** signals.
+{{ end }}
+
+{{ A E H N EH EN HN EHN }}
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+{{ end }}
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause bc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+bc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If bc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If bc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to bc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though bc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with bc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause bc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+{{ A E N P EN EP NP ENP }}
+default handler for all other signals. The one exception is **SIGHUP**; in that
+case, when bc(1) is in TTY mode, a **SIGHUP** will cause bc(1) to clean up and
+exit.
+{{ end }}
+{{ H EH HN HP EHN EHP HNP EHNP }}
+default handler for all other signals.
+{{ end }}
+
+{{ A E N P EN EP NP ENP }}
+# COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+
+bc(1) supports interactive command-line editing. If bc(1) is in TTY mode (see
+the **TTY MODE** section), history is enabled. Previous lines can be recalled
+and edited with the arrow keys.
+
+**Note**: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+{{ end }}
+
+{{ A E H P EH EP HP EHP }}
+# LOCALES
+
+This bc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales
+and thus, supports **LC_MESSAGES**.
+{{ end }}
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+dc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+bc(1) is compliant with the [IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1]
+specification. The flags **-efghiqsvVw**, all long options, and the extensions
+noted above are extensions to that specification.
+
+Note that the specification explicitly says that bc(1) only accepts numbers that
+use a period (**.**) as a radix point, regardless of the value of
+**LC_NUMERIC**.
+
+{{ A E H P EH EP HP EHP }}
+This bc(1) supports error messages for different locales, and thus, it supports
+**LC_MESSAGES**.
+{{ end }}
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHORS
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
+[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Round_half_away_from_zero
+[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_in_the_last_place
+[5]: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~wkahan/LOG10HAF.TXT
+[6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rounding#Rounding_away_from_zero
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/bc.1.md.in
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/A.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/A.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/A.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1406 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "DC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH Name
+.PP
+dc \- arbitrary\-precision reverse\-Polish notation calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]dc\f[] [\f[B]\-hiPvVx\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+dc(1) is an arbitrary\-precision calculator.
+It uses a stack (reverse Polish notation) to store numbers and results
+of computations.
+Arithmetic operations pop arguments off of the stack and push the
+results.
+.PP
+If no files are given on the command\-line as extra arguments (i.e., not
+as \f[B]\-f\f[] or \f[B]\-\-file\f[] arguments), then dc(1) reads from
+\f[B]stdin\f[].
+Otherwise, those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+.PP
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where \f[B]\-e\f[] (\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]) and
+\f[B]\-f\f[] (\f[B]\-\-file\f[]) arguments cause dc(1) to execute them
+and exit.
+The reason for this is that this dc(1) allows users to set arguments in
+the environment variable \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT
+VARIABLES\f[] section).
+Any expressions given on the command\-line should be used to set up a
+standard environment.
+For example, if a user wants the \f[B]scale\f[] always set to
+\f[B]10\f[], they can set \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] to \f[B]\-e 10k\f[], and
+this dc(1) will always start with a \f[B]scale\f[] of \f[B]10\f[].
+.PP
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and \f[B]\-f\f[] arguments (and their equivalents), then
+they can just simply add \f[B]\-e q\f[] as the last command\-line
+argument or define the environment variable \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+Disables the prompt in TTY mode.
+(The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+See the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section) This is mostly for those users that
+do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in dc(1).
+Most of those users would want to put this option in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-x\f[] \f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]
+Enables extended register mode.
+See the \f[I]Extended Register Mode\f[] subsection of the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section for more information.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section) or a command (see the \f[B]COMMANDS\f[]
+section), is processed and executed, in order.
+Input is processed immediately when entered.
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to interpret constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]T\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried with the \f[B]U\f[] command.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[].
+If \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], values are output in scientific
+notation, and if \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]1\f[], values are output in
+engineering notation.
+Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are
+\f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that sets the
+precision of any operations (with exceptions).
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]V\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]seed\f[] is a register containing the current seed for the
+pseudo\-random number generator.
+If the current value of \f[B]seed\f[] is queried and stored, then if it
+is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] later, the pseudo\-random number generator
+is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers
+that were generated after the value of \f[B]seed\f[] was first queried.
+.PP
+Multiple values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] can produce the same sequence
+of pseudo\-random numbers.
+Likewise, when a value is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], it is not
+guaranteed that querying \f[B]seed\f[] immediately after will return the
+same value.
+In addition, the value of \f[B]seed\f[] will change after any call to
+the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command or the \f[B]"\f[] command that does not get
+receive a value of \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+The maximum integer returned by the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command can be
+queried with the \f[B]W\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: The values returned by the pseudo\-random number
+generator with the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] and \f[B]"\f[] commands are guaranteed
+to \f[B]NOT\f[] be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo\-random number generator.
+However, they \f[B]are\f[] guaranteed to be reproducible with identical
+\f[B]seed\f[] values.
+.PP
+The pseudo\-random number generator, \f[B]seed\f[], and all associated
+operations are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+Comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH NUMBERS
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to
+\f[B]F\f[], and at most \f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]F\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]15\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, dc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation.
+These have the form \f[B]<number>e<integer>\f[].
+The power (the portion after the \f[B]e\f[]) must be an integer.
+An example is \f[B]1.89237e9\f[], which is equal to \f[B]1892370000\f[].
+Negative exponents are also allowed, so \f[B]4.2890e_3\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0.0042890\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]WARNING\f[]: Both the number and the exponent in scientific
+notation are interpreted according to the current \f[B]ibase\f[], but
+the number is still multiplied by \f[B]10^exponent\f[] regardless of the
+current \f[B]ibase\f[].
+For example, if \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[] and dc(1) is given the
+number string \f[B]FFeA\f[], the resulting decimal number will be
+\f[B]2550000000000\f[], and if dc(1) is given the number string
+\f[B]10e_4\f[], the resulting decimal number will be \f[B]0.0016\f[].
+.PP
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a \f[B]non\-portable
+extension\f[].
+.SH COMMANDS
+.PP
+The valid commands are listed below.
+.SS Printing
+.PP
+These commands are used for printing.
+.PP
+Note that both scientific notation and engineering notation are
+available for printing numbers.
+Scientific notation is activated by assigning \f[B]0\f[] to
+\f[B]obase\f[] using \f[B]0o\f[], and engineering notation is activated
+by assigning \f[B]1\f[] to \f[B]obase\f[] using \f[B]1o\f[].
+To deactivate them, just assign a different value to \f[B]obase\f[].
+.PP
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and
+prints a newline after.
+.RS
+.PP
+This does not alter the stack.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]n\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops
+it off of the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]P\f[]
+Pops a value off the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+result is printed as though \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] and
+each digit is interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte
+stream.
+.PP
+If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f\f[]
+Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+without altering anything.
+.RS
+.PP
+Users should use this command when they get lost.
+.RE
+.SS Arithmetic
+.PP
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[], and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]~\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered,
+and the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the
+stack.
+This is equivalent to \f[B]x y / x y %\f[] except that \f[B]x\f[] and
+\f[B]y\f[] are only evaluated once.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]v\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and
+the result is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The value popped off of the stack must be non\-negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]_\f[]
+If this command \f[I]immediately\f[] precedes a number (i.e., no spaces
+or other commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+.RS
+.PP
+Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy
+is negated and pushed onto the stack.
+This behavior without a number is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]b\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed
+back onto the stack.
+Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]|\f[]
+The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation
+is computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+integer and non\-zero.
+The second value popped is used as the exponent and must be an integer
+and non\-negative.
+The third value popped is the base and must be an integer.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is
+truncated and pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the
+second is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or
+extension.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]H\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted
+left (radix shifted right) to the value of the first.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]h\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted
+right (radix shifted left) to the value of the first.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]G\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if they are equal, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]N\f[]
+The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a \f[B]0\f[], a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed; otherwise, a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B](\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than the second, or \f[B]0\f[]
+otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]{\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second,
+or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B])\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or
+\f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]}\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the
+second, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]M\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If they are both non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+If either of them is zero, or both of them are, then a \f[B]0\f[] is
+pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]&&\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]m\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If at least one of them is non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the
+stack.
+If both of them are zero, then a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]||\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Pseudo\-Random Number Generator
+.PP
+dc(1) has a built\-in pseudo\-random number generator.
+These commands query the pseudo\-random number generator.
+(See Parameters for more information about the \f[B]seed\f[] value that
+controls the pseudo\-random number generator.)
+.PP
+The pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to \f[B]NOT\f[] be
+cryptographically secure.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\[aq]\f[]
+Generates an integer between 0 and \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[], inclusive (see
+the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]"\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an \f[B]exclusive\f[]
+upper bound on the integer that will be generated.
+If the bound is negative or is a non\-integer, an error is raised, and
+dc(1) resets (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) while \f[B]seed\f[]
+remains unchanged.
+If the bound is larger than \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[], the higher bound is
+honored by generating several pseudo\-random integers, multiplying them
+by appropriate powers of \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX+1\f[], and adding them
+together.
+Thus, the size of integer that can be generated with this command is
+unbounded.
+Using this command will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[], unless the
+operand is \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+In that case, \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack, and \f[B]seed\f[] is
+\f[I]not\f[] changed.
+.RS
+.PP
+The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Stack Control
+.PP
+These commands control the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c\f[]
+Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d\f[]
+Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy
+onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r\f[]
+Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]R\f[]
+Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Register Control
+.PP
+These commands control registers (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section).
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register
+\f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Copies the value in register \f[I]r\f[] and pushes it onto the stack.
+This does not alter the contents of \f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]S\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the
+stack of register \f[I]r\f[].
+The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]L\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack for register \f[I]r\f[] and push
+it onto the main stack.
+The previous value in the stack for register \f[I]r\f[], if any, is now
+accessible via the \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[] command.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Parameters
+.PP
+These commands control the values of \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[],
+\f[B]scale\f[], and \f[B]seed\f[].
+Also see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]i\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and \f[B]16\f[],
+inclusive.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]o\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]obase\f[], which must be between \f[B]0\f[] and
+\f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[], inclusive (see the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section and the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]k\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]scale\f[], which must be non\-negative.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]seed\f[].
+The meaning of \f[B]seed\f[] is dependent on the current pseudo\-random
+number generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major
+versions.
+.RS
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] and sign of the value may be significant.
+.PP
+If a previously used \f[B]seed\f[] value is used again, the
+pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same
+sequence of pseudo\-random numbers as it did when the \f[B]seed\f[]
+value was previously used.
+.PP
+The exact value assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] is not guaranteed to be
+returned if the \f[B]J\f[] command is used.
+However, if \f[B]seed\f[] \f[I]does\f[] return a different value, both
+values, when assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], are guaranteed to produce the
+same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers.
+This means that certain values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] will not
+produce unique sequences of pseudo\-random numbers.
+.PP
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits)
+or \f[I]scale\f[] of the value that can be assigned to \f[B]seed\f[].
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]I\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]O\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]K\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]J\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]seed\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]T\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]U\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]V\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]W\f[]
+Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the
+\f[B]\[aq]\f[] pseudo\-random number generator command.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Strings
+.PP
+The following commands control strings.
+.PP
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) can hold both strings and numbers.
+dc(1) always knows whether the contents of a register are a string or a
+number.
+.PP
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an
+error if given a string, other commands accept strings.
+.PP
+Strings can also be executed as macros.
+For example, if the string \f[B][1pR]\f[] is executed as a macro, then
+the code \f[B]1pR\f[] is executed, meaning that the \f[B]1\f[] will be
+printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B][\f[]\f[I]characters\f[]\f[B]]\f[]
+Makes a string containing \f[I]characters\f[] and pushes it onto the
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If there are brackets (\f[B][\f[] and \f[B]]\f[]) in the string, then
+they must be balanced.
+Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (\f[B]\\\f[])
+character.
+.PP
+If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+(even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the
+(first) backslash is not.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a\f[]
+The value on top of the stack is popped.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken.
+The result mod \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] is calculated.
+If that result is \f[B]0\f[], push an empty string; otherwise, push a
+one\-character string where the character is the result of the mod
+interpreted as an ASCII character.
+.PP
+If it is a string, then a new string is made.
+If the original string is empty, the new string is empty.
+If it is not, then the first character of the original string is used to
+create the new string as a one\-character string.
+The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]x\f[]
+Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+.PP
+This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+For example, \f[B]0 1>a\f[] will execute the contents of register
+\f[B]a\f[], and \f[B]1 0>a\f[] will not.
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is less than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register
+\f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]?\f[]
+Reads a line from the \f[B]stdin\f[] and executes it.
+This is to allow macros to request input from users.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]q\f[]
+During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and
+the execution of the macro that executed it.
+If there are no macros, or only one macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Q\f[]
+Pops a value from the stack which must be non\-negative and is used the
+number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack.
+If the number of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing
+macros, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Status
+.PP
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Z\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits
+it has and pushes the result.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]X\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, pushes the \f[I]scale\f[] of the value onto the
+stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes \f[B]0\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]z\f[]
+Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Arrays
+.PP
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]:\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the top two values off of the stack.
+The second value will be stored in the array \f[I]r\f[] (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section), indexed by the first value.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B];\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the
+array \f[I]r\f[].
+The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH REGISTERS
+.PP
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays.
+(Number/string registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+.PP
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is
+the top of the stack for the register.
+All registers, when first referenced, have one value (\f[B]0\f[]) in
+their stack.
+.PP
+In non\-extended register mode, a register name is just the single
+character that follows any command that needs a register name.
+The only exception is a newline (\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]); it is a parse
+error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+.SS Extended Register Mode
+.PP
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly
+unlimited amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+.PP
+If extended register mode is enabled (\f[B]\-x\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[] command\-line arguments are given), then
+normal single character registers are used \f[I]unless\f[] the character
+immediately following a command that needs a register name is a space
+(according to \f[B]isspace()\f[]) and not a newline
+(\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]).
+.PP
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+\f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[] (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse
+error if the next non\-space characters do not match that regex.
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all macros returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most dc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This dc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+dc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[]
+The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command,
+if dc(1).
+Set at \f[B]2^DC_LONG_BIT\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to dc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs.
+Another use would be to use the \f[B]\-e\f[] option to set
+\f[B]scale\f[] to a value other than \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "dc"
+file.dc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), dc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash newline combo.
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, using a negative number as a bound for the
+pseudo\-random number generator, attempting to convert a negative number
+to a hardware integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware
+integer, and attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is
+required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]), places (\f[B]\@\f[]), left shift (\f[B]H\f[]), and
+right shift (\f[B]h\f[]) operators.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, and using a
+token where it is invalid.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, and attempting an operation when the
+stack has too few elements.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (dc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+dc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the \f[B]COMMAND
+LINE HISTORY\f[] section).
+It is also required to enable special handling for \f[B]SIGINT\f[]
+signals.
+.PP
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If dc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If dc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to dc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause dc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+The one exception is \f[B]SIGHUP\f[]; in that case, when dc(1) is in TTY
+mode, a \f[B]SIGHUP\f[] will cause dc(1) to clean up and exit.
+.SH COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+.PP
+dc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), history is
+enabled.
+Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+.SH LOCALES
+.PP
+This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different
+locales and thus, supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGS\f[].
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+bc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the
+bc(1) IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/A.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/E.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/E.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/E.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1202 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "DC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH Name
+.PP
+dc \- arbitrary\-precision reverse\-Polish notation calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]dc\f[] [\f[B]\-hiPvVx\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+dc(1) is an arbitrary\-precision calculator.
+It uses a stack (reverse Polish notation) to store numbers and results
+of computations.
+Arithmetic operations pop arguments off of the stack and push the
+results.
+.PP
+If no files are given on the command\-line as extra arguments (i.e., not
+as \f[B]\-f\f[] or \f[B]\-\-file\f[] arguments), then dc(1) reads from
+\f[B]stdin\f[].
+Otherwise, those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+.PP
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where \f[B]\-e\f[] (\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]) and
+\f[B]\-f\f[] (\f[B]\-\-file\f[]) arguments cause dc(1) to execute them
+and exit.
+The reason for this is that this dc(1) allows users to set arguments in
+the environment variable \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT
+VARIABLES\f[] section).
+Any expressions given on the command\-line should be used to set up a
+standard environment.
+For example, if a user wants the \f[B]scale\f[] always set to
+\f[B]10\f[], they can set \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] to \f[B]\-e 10k\f[], and
+this dc(1) will always start with a \f[B]scale\f[] of \f[B]10\f[].
+.PP
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and \f[B]\-f\f[] arguments (and their equivalents), then
+they can just simply add \f[B]\-e q\f[] as the last command\-line
+argument or define the environment variable \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+Disables the prompt in TTY mode.
+(The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+See the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section) This is mostly for those users that
+do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in dc(1).
+Most of those users would want to put this option in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-x\f[] \f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]
+Enables extended register mode.
+See the \f[I]Extended Register Mode\f[] subsection of the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section for more information.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section) or a command (see the \f[B]COMMANDS\f[]
+section), is processed and executed, in order.
+Input is processed immediately when entered.
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to interpret constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]T\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried with the \f[B]U\f[] command.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+Values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that sets the
+precision of any operations (with exceptions).
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]V\f[] command.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+Comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH NUMBERS
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to
+\f[B]F\f[], and at most \f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]F\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]15\f[].
+.SH COMMANDS
+.PP
+The valid commands are listed below.
+.SS Printing
+.PP
+These commands are used for printing.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and
+prints a newline after.
+.RS
+.PP
+This does not alter the stack.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]n\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops
+it off of the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]P\f[]
+Pops a value off the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+result is printed as though \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] and
+each digit is interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte
+stream.
+.PP
+If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f\f[]
+Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+without altering anything.
+.RS
+.PP
+Users should use this command when they get lost.
+.RE
+.SS Arithmetic
+.PP
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[], and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]~\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered,
+and the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the
+stack.
+This is equivalent to \f[B]x y / x y %\f[] except that \f[B]x\f[] and
+\f[B]y\f[] are only evaluated once.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]v\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and
+the result is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The value popped off of the stack must be non\-negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]_\f[]
+If this command \f[I]immediately\f[] precedes a number (i.e., no spaces
+or other commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+.RS
+.PP
+Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy
+is negated and pushed onto the stack.
+This behavior without a number is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]b\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed
+back onto the stack.
+Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]|\f[]
+The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation
+is computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+integer and non\-zero.
+The second value popped is used as the exponent and must be an integer
+and non\-negative.
+The third value popped is the base and must be an integer.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]G\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if they are equal, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]N\f[]
+The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a \f[B]0\f[], a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed; otherwise, a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B](\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than the second, or \f[B]0\f[]
+otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]{\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second,
+or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B])\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or
+\f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]}\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the
+second, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]M\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If they are both non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+If either of them is zero, or both of them are, then a \f[B]0\f[] is
+pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]&&\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]m\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If at least one of them is non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the
+stack.
+If both of them are zero, then a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]||\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Stack Control
+.PP
+These commands control the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c\f[]
+Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d\f[]
+Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy
+onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r\f[]
+Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]R\f[]
+Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Register Control
+.PP
+These commands control registers (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section).
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register
+\f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Copies the value in register \f[I]r\f[] and pushes it onto the stack.
+This does not alter the contents of \f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]S\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the
+stack of register \f[I]r\f[].
+The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]L\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack for register \f[I]r\f[] and push
+it onto the main stack.
+The previous value in the stack for register \f[I]r\f[], if any, is now
+accessible via the \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[] command.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Parameters
+.PP
+These commands control the values of \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], and
+\f[B]scale\f[].
+Also see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]i\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and \f[B]16\f[],
+inclusive.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]o\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]obase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and
+\f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[], inclusive (see the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]k\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]scale\f[], which must be non\-negative.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]I\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]O\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]K\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]T\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]U\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]V\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Strings
+.PP
+The following commands control strings.
+.PP
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) can hold both strings and numbers.
+dc(1) always knows whether the contents of a register are a string or a
+number.
+.PP
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an
+error if given a string, other commands accept strings.
+.PP
+Strings can also be executed as macros.
+For example, if the string \f[B][1pR]\f[] is executed as a macro, then
+the code \f[B]1pR\f[] is executed, meaning that the \f[B]1\f[] will be
+printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B][\f[]\f[I]characters\f[]\f[B]]\f[]
+Makes a string containing \f[I]characters\f[] and pushes it onto the
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If there are brackets (\f[B][\f[] and \f[B]]\f[]) in the string, then
+they must be balanced.
+Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (\f[B]\\\f[])
+character.
+.PP
+If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+(even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the
+(first) backslash is not.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a\f[]
+The value on top of the stack is popped.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken.
+The result mod \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] is calculated.
+If that result is \f[B]0\f[], push an empty string; otherwise, push a
+one\-character string where the character is the result of the mod
+interpreted as an ASCII character.
+.PP
+If it is a string, then a new string is made.
+If the original string is empty, the new string is empty.
+If it is not, then the first character of the original string is used to
+create the new string as a one\-character string.
+The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]x\f[]
+Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+.PP
+This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+For example, \f[B]0 1>a\f[] will execute the contents of register
+\f[B]a\f[], and \f[B]1 0>a\f[] will not.
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is less than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register
+\f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]?\f[]
+Reads a line from the \f[B]stdin\f[] and executes it.
+This is to allow macros to request input from users.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]q\f[]
+During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and
+the execution of the macro that executed it.
+If there are no macros, or only one macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Q\f[]
+Pops a value from the stack which must be non\-negative and is used the
+number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack.
+If the number of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing
+macros, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Status
+.PP
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Z\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits
+it has and pushes the result.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]X\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, pushes the \f[I]scale\f[] of the value onto the
+stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes \f[B]0\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]z\f[]
+Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Arrays
+.PP
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]:\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the top two values off of the stack.
+The second value will be stored in the array \f[I]r\f[] (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section), indexed by the first value.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B];\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the
+array \f[I]r\f[].
+The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH REGISTERS
+.PP
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays.
+(Number/string registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+.PP
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is
+the top of the stack for the register.
+All registers, when first referenced, have one value (\f[B]0\f[]) in
+their stack.
+.PP
+In non\-extended register mode, a register name is just the single
+character that follows any command that needs a register name.
+The only exception is a newline (\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]); it is a parse
+error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+.SS Extended Register Mode
+.PP
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly
+unlimited amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+.PP
+If extended register mode is enabled (\f[B]\-x\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[] command\-line arguments are given), then
+normal single character registers are used \f[I]unless\f[] the character
+immediately following a command that needs a register name is a space
+(according to \f[B]isspace()\f[]) and not a newline
+(\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]).
+.PP
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+\f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[] (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse
+error if the next non\-space characters do not match that regex.
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all macros returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most dc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This dc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+dc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to dc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs.
+Another use would be to use the \f[B]\-e\f[] option to set
+\f[B]scale\f[] to a value other than \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "dc"
+file.dc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), dc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash newline combo.
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware
+integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and
+attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]) operator.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, and using a
+token where it is invalid.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, and attempting an operation when the
+stack has too few elements.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (dc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+dc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the \f[B]COMMAND
+LINE HISTORY\f[] section).
+It is also required to enable special handling for \f[B]SIGINT\f[]
+signals.
+.PP
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If dc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If dc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to dc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause dc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+The one exception is \f[B]SIGHUP\f[]; in that case, when dc(1) is in TTY
+mode, a \f[B]SIGHUP\f[] will cause dc(1) to clean up and exit.
+.SH COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+.PP
+dc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), history is
+enabled.
+Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+.SH LOCALES
+.PP
+This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different
+locales and thus, supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGS\f[].
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+bc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the
+bc(1) IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/E.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EH.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EH.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EH.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1187 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "DC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH Name
+.PP
+dc \- arbitrary\-precision reverse\-Polish notation calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]dc\f[] [\f[B]\-hiPvVx\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+dc(1) is an arbitrary\-precision calculator.
+It uses a stack (reverse Polish notation) to store numbers and results
+of computations.
+Arithmetic operations pop arguments off of the stack and push the
+results.
+.PP
+If no files are given on the command\-line as extra arguments (i.e., not
+as \f[B]\-f\f[] or \f[B]\-\-file\f[] arguments), then dc(1) reads from
+\f[B]stdin\f[].
+Otherwise, those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+.PP
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where \f[B]\-e\f[] (\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]) and
+\f[B]\-f\f[] (\f[B]\-\-file\f[]) arguments cause dc(1) to execute them
+and exit.
+The reason for this is that this dc(1) allows users to set arguments in
+the environment variable \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT
+VARIABLES\f[] section).
+Any expressions given on the command\-line should be used to set up a
+standard environment.
+For example, if a user wants the \f[B]scale\f[] always set to
+\f[B]10\f[], they can set \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] to \f[B]\-e 10k\f[], and
+this dc(1) will always start with a \f[B]scale\f[] of \f[B]10\f[].
+.PP
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and \f[B]\-f\f[] arguments (and their equivalents), then
+they can just simply add \f[B]\-e q\f[] as the last command\-line
+argument or define the environment variable \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+Disables the prompt in TTY mode.
+(The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+See the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section) This is mostly for those users that
+do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in dc(1).
+Most of those users would want to put this option in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-x\f[] \f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]
+Enables extended register mode.
+See the \f[I]Extended Register Mode\f[] subsection of the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section for more information.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section) or a command (see the \f[B]COMMANDS\f[]
+section), is processed and executed, in order.
+Input is processed immediately when entered.
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to interpret constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]T\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried with the \f[B]U\f[] command.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+Values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that sets the
+precision of any operations (with exceptions).
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]V\f[] command.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+Comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH NUMBERS
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to
+\f[B]F\f[], and at most \f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]F\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]15\f[].
+.SH COMMANDS
+.PP
+The valid commands are listed below.
+.SS Printing
+.PP
+These commands are used for printing.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and
+prints a newline after.
+.RS
+.PP
+This does not alter the stack.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]n\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops
+it off of the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]P\f[]
+Pops a value off the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+result is printed as though \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] and
+each digit is interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte
+stream.
+.PP
+If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f\f[]
+Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+without altering anything.
+.RS
+.PP
+Users should use this command when they get lost.
+.RE
+.SS Arithmetic
+.PP
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[], and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]~\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered,
+and the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the
+stack.
+This is equivalent to \f[B]x y / x y %\f[] except that \f[B]x\f[] and
+\f[B]y\f[] are only evaluated once.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]v\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and
+the result is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The value popped off of the stack must be non\-negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]_\f[]
+If this command \f[I]immediately\f[] precedes a number (i.e., no spaces
+or other commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+.RS
+.PP
+Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy
+is negated and pushed onto the stack.
+This behavior without a number is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]b\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed
+back onto the stack.
+Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]|\f[]
+The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation
+is computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+integer and non\-zero.
+The second value popped is used as the exponent and must be an integer
+and non\-negative.
+The third value popped is the base and must be an integer.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]G\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if they are equal, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]N\f[]
+The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a \f[B]0\f[], a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed; otherwise, a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B](\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than the second, or \f[B]0\f[]
+otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]{\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second,
+or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B])\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or
+\f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]}\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the
+second, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]M\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If they are both non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+If either of them is zero, or both of them are, then a \f[B]0\f[] is
+pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]&&\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]m\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If at least one of them is non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the
+stack.
+If both of them are zero, then a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]||\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Stack Control
+.PP
+These commands control the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c\f[]
+Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d\f[]
+Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy
+onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r\f[]
+Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]R\f[]
+Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Register Control
+.PP
+These commands control registers (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section).
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register
+\f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Copies the value in register \f[I]r\f[] and pushes it onto the stack.
+This does not alter the contents of \f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]S\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the
+stack of register \f[I]r\f[].
+The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]L\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack for register \f[I]r\f[] and push
+it onto the main stack.
+The previous value in the stack for register \f[I]r\f[], if any, is now
+accessible via the \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[] command.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Parameters
+.PP
+These commands control the values of \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], and
+\f[B]scale\f[].
+Also see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]i\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and \f[B]16\f[],
+inclusive.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]o\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]obase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and
+\f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[], inclusive (see the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]k\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]scale\f[], which must be non\-negative.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]I\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]O\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]K\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]T\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]U\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]V\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Strings
+.PP
+The following commands control strings.
+.PP
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) can hold both strings and numbers.
+dc(1) always knows whether the contents of a register are a string or a
+number.
+.PP
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an
+error if given a string, other commands accept strings.
+.PP
+Strings can also be executed as macros.
+For example, if the string \f[B][1pR]\f[] is executed as a macro, then
+the code \f[B]1pR\f[] is executed, meaning that the \f[B]1\f[] will be
+printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B][\f[]\f[I]characters\f[]\f[B]]\f[]
+Makes a string containing \f[I]characters\f[] and pushes it onto the
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If there are brackets (\f[B][\f[] and \f[B]]\f[]) in the string, then
+they must be balanced.
+Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (\f[B]\\\f[])
+character.
+.PP
+If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+(even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the
+(first) backslash is not.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a\f[]
+The value on top of the stack is popped.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken.
+The result mod \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] is calculated.
+If that result is \f[B]0\f[], push an empty string; otherwise, push a
+one\-character string where the character is the result of the mod
+interpreted as an ASCII character.
+.PP
+If it is a string, then a new string is made.
+If the original string is empty, the new string is empty.
+If it is not, then the first character of the original string is used to
+create the new string as a one\-character string.
+The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]x\f[]
+Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+.PP
+This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+For example, \f[B]0 1>a\f[] will execute the contents of register
+\f[B]a\f[], and \f[B]1 0>a\f[] will not.
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is less than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register
+\f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]?\f[]
+Reads a line from the \f[B]stdin\f[] and executes it.
+This is to allow macros to request input from users.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]q\f[]
+During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and
+the execution of the macro that executed it.
+If there are no macros, or only one macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Q\f[]
+Pops a value from the stack which must be non\-negative and is used the
+number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack.
+If the number of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing
+macros, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Status
+.PP
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Z\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits
+it has and pushes the result.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]X\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, pushes the \f[I]scale\f[] of the value onto the
+stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes \f[B]0\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]z\f[]
+Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Arrays
+.PP
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]:\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the top two values off of the stack.
+The second value will be stored in the array \f[I]r\f[] (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section), indexed by the first value.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B];\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the
+array \f[I]r\f[].
+The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH REGISTERS
+.PP
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays.
+(Number/string registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+.PP
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is
+the top of the stack for the register.
+All registers, when first referenced, have one value (\f[B]0\f[]) in
+their stack.
+.PP
+In non\-extended register mode, a register name is just the single
+character that follows any command that needs a register name.
+The only exception is a newline (\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]); it is a parse
+error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+.SS Extended Register Mode
+.PP
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly
+unlimited amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+.PP
+If extended register mode is enabled (\f[B]\-x\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[] command\-line arguments are given), then
+normal single character registers are used \f[I]unless\f[] the character
+immediately following a command that needs a register name is a space
+(according to \f[B]isspace()\f[]) and not a newline
+(\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]).
+.PP
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+\f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[] (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse
+error if the next non\-space characters do not match that regex.
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all macros returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most dc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This dc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+dc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to dc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs.
+Another use would be to use the \f[B]\-e\f[] option to set
+\f[B]scale\f[] to a value other than \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "dc"
+file.dc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), dc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash newline combo.
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware
+integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and
+attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]) operator.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, and using a
+token where it is invalid.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, and attempting an operation when the
+stack has too few elements.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (dc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+dc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If dc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If dc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to dc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause dc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+.SH LOCALES
+.PP
+This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different
+locales and thus, supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGS\f[].
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+bc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the
+bc(1) IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EH.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHN.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHN.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHN.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1183 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "DC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH Name
+.PP
+dc \- arbitrary\-precision reverse\-Polish notation calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]dc\f[] [\f[B]\-hiPvVx\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+dc(1) is an arbitrary\-precision calculator.
+It uses a stack (reverse Polish notation) to store numbers and results
+of computations.
+Arithmetic operations pop arguments off of the stack and push the
+results.
+.PP
+If no files are given on the command\-line as extra arguments (i.e., not
+as \f[B]\-f\f[] or \f[B]\-\-file\f[] arguments), then dc(1) reads from
+\f[B]stdin\f[].
+Otherwise, those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+.PP
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where \f[B]\-e\f[] (\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]) and
+\f[B]\-f\f[] (\f[B]\-\-file\f[]) arguments cause dc(1) to execute them
+and exit.
+The reason for this is that this dc(1) allows users to set arguments in
+the environment variable \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT
+VARIABLES\f[] section).
+Any expressions given on the command\-line should be used to set up a
+standard environment.
+For example, if a user wants the \f[B]scale\f[] always set to
+\f[B]10\f[], they can set \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] to \f[B]\-e 10k\f[], and
+this dc(1) will always start with a \f[B]scale\f[] of \f[B]10\f[].
+.PP
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and \f[B]\-f\f[] arguments (and their equivalents), then
+they can just simply add \f[B]\-e q\f[] as the last command\-line
+argument or define the environment variable \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+Disables the prompt in TTY mode.
+(The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+See the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section) This is mostly for those users that
+do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in dc(1).
+Most of those users would want to put this option in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-x\f[] \f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]
+Enables extended register mode.
+See the \f[I]Extended Register Mode\f[] subsection of the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section for more information.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section) or a command (see the \f[B]COMMANDS\f[]
+section), is processed and executed, in order.
+Input is processed immediately when entered.
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to interpret constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]T\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried with the \f[B]U\f[] command.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+Values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that sets the
+precision of any operations (with exceptions).
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]V\f[] command.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+Comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH NUMBERS
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to
+\f[B]F\f[], and at most \f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]F\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]15\f[].
+.SH COMMANDS
+.PP
+The valid commands are listed below.
+.SS Printing
+.PP
+These commands are used for printing.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and
+prints a newline after.
+.RS
+.PP
+This does not alter the stack.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]n\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops
+it off of the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]P\f[]
+Pops a value off the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+result is printed as though \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] and
+each digit is interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte
+stream.
+.PP
+If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f\f[]
+Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+without altering anything.
+.RS
+.PP
+Users should use this command when they get lost.
+.RE
+.SS Arithmetic
+.PP
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[], and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]~\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered,
+and the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the
+stack.
+This is equivalent to \f[B]x y / x y %\f[] except that \f[B]x\f[] and
+\f[B]y\f[] are only evaluated once.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]v\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and
+the result is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The value popped off of the stack must be non\-negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]_\f[]
+If this command \f[I]immediately\f[] precedes a number (i.e., no spaces
+or other commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+.RS
+.PP
+Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy
+is negated and pushed onto the stack.
+This behavior without a number is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]b\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed
+back onto the stack.
+Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]|\f[]
+The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation
+is computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+integer and non\-zero.
+The second value popped is used as the exponent and must be an integer
+and non\-negative.
+The third value popped is the base and must be an integer.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]G\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if they are equal, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]N\f[]
+The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a \f[B]0\f[], a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed; otherwise, a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B](\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than the second, or \f[B]0\f[]
+otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]{\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second,
+or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B])\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or
+\f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]}\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the
+second, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]M\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If they are both non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+If either of them is zero, or both of them are, then a \f[B]0\f[] is
+pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]&&\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]m\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If at least one of them is non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the
+stack.
+If both of them are zero, then a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]||\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Stack Control
+.PP
+These commands control the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c\f[]
+Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d\f[]
+Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy
+onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r\f[]
+Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]R\f[]
+Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Register Control
+.PP
+These commands control registers (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section).
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register
+\f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Copies the value in register \f[I]r\f[] and pushes it onto the stack.
+This does not alter the contents of \f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]S\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the
+stack of register \f[I]r\f[].
+The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]L\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack for register \f[I]r\f[] and push
+it onto the main stack.
+The previous value in the stack for register \f[I]r\f[], if any, is now
+accessible via the \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[] command.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Parameters
+.PP
+These commands control the values of \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], and
+\f[B]scale\f[].
+Also see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]i\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and \f[B]16\f[],
+inclusive.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]o\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]obase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and
+\f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[], inclusive (see the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]k\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]scale\f[], which must be non\-negative.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]I\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]O\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]K\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]T\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]U\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]V\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Strings
+.PP
+The following commands control strings.
+.PP
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) can hold both strings and numbers.
+dc(1) always knows whether the contents of a register are a string or a
+number.
+.PP
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an
+error if given a string, other commands accept strings.
+.PP
+Strings can also be executed as macros.
+For example, if the string \f[B][1pR]\f[] is executed as a macro, then
+the code \f[B]1pR\f[] is executed, meaning that the \f[B]1\f[] will be
+printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B][\f[]\f[I]characters\f[]\f[B]]\f[]
+Makes a string containing \f[I]characters\f[] and pushes it onto the
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If there are brackets (\f[B][\f[] and \f[B]]\f[]) in the string, then
+they must be balanced.
+Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (\f[B]\\\f[])
+character.
+.PP
+If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+(even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the
+(first) backslash is not.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a\f[]
+The value on top of the stack is popped.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken.
+The result mod \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] is calculated.
+If that result is \f[B]0\f[], push an empty string; otherwise, push a
+one\-character string where the character is the result of the mod
+interpreted as an ASCII character.
+.PP
+If it is a string, then a new string is made.
+If the original string is empty, the new string is empty.
+If it is not, then the first character of the original string is used to
+create the new string as a one\-character string.
+The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]x\f[]
+Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+.PP
+This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+For example, \f[B]0 1>a\f[] will execute the contents of register
+\f[B]a\f[], and \f[B]1 0>a\f[] will not.
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is less than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register
+\f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]?\f[]
+Reads a line from the \f[B]stdin\f[] and executes it.
+This is to allow macros to request input from users.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]q\f[]
+During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and
+the execution of the macro that executed it.
+If there are no macros, or only one macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Q\f[]
+Pops a value from the stack which must be non\-negative and is used the
+number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack.
+If the number of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing
+macros, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Status
+.PP
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Z\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits
+it has and pushes the result.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]X\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, pushes the \f[I]scale\f[] of the value onto the
+stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes \f[B]0\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]z\f[]
+Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Arrays
+.PP
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]:\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the top two values off of the stack.
+The second value will be stored in the array \f[I]r\f[] (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section), indexed by the first value.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B];\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the
+array \f[I]r\f[].
+The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH REGISTERS
+.PP
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays.
+(Number/string registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+.PP
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is
+the top of the stack for the register.
+All registers, when first referenced, have one value (\f[B]0\f[]) in
+their stack.
+.PP
+In non\-extended register mode, a register name is just the single
+character that follows any command that needs a register name.
+The only exception is a newline (\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]); it is a parse
+error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+.SS Extended Register Mode
+.PP
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly
+unlimited amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+.PP
+If extended register mode is enabled (\f[B]\-x\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[] command\-line arguments are given), then
+normal single character registers are used \f[I]unless\f[] the character
+immediately following a command that needs a register name is a space
+(according to \f[B]isspace()\f[]) and not a newline
+(\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]).
+.PP
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+\f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[] (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse
+error if the next non\-space characters do not match that regex.
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all macros returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most dc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This dc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+dc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to dc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs.
+Another use would be to use the \f[B]\-e\f[] option to set
+\f[B]scale\f[] to a value other than \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "dc"
+file.dc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), dc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash newline combo.
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware
+integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and
+attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]) operator.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, and using a
+token where it is invalid.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, and attempting an operation when the
+stack has too few elements.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (dc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+dc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If dc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If dc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to dc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause dc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+bc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the
+bc(1) IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHN.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHNP.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHNP.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHNP.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1176 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "DC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH Name
+.PP
+dc \- arbitrary\-precision reverse\-Polish notation calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]dc\f[] [\f[B]\-hiPvVx\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+dc(1) is an arbitrary\-precision calculator.
+It uses a stack (reverse Polish notation) to store numbers and results
+of computations.
+Arithmetic operations pop arguments off of the stack and push the
+results.
+.PP
+If no files are given on the command\-line as extra arguments (i.e., not
+as \f[B]\-f\f[] or \f[B]\-\-file\f[] arguments), then dc(1) reads from
+\f[B]stdin\f[].
+Otherwise, those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+.PP
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where \f[B]\-e\f[] (\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]) and
+\f[B]\-f\f[] (\f[B]\-\-file\f[]) arguments cause dc(1) to execute them
+and exit.
+The reason for this is that this dc(1) allows users to set arguments in
+the environment variable \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT
+VARIABLES\f[] section).
+Any expressions given on the command\-line should be used to set up a
+standard environment.
+For example, if a user wants the \f[B]scale\f[] always set to
+\f[B]10\f[], they can set \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] to \f[B]\-e 10k\f[], and
+this dc(1) will always start with a \f[B]scale\f[] of \f[B]10\f[].
+.PP
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and \f[B]\-f\f[] arguments (and their equivalents), then
+they can just simply add \f[B]\-e q\f[] as the last command\-line
+argument or define the environment variable \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+This option is a no\-op.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-x\f[] \f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]
+Enables extended register mode.
+See the \f[I]Extended Register Mode\f[] subsection of the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section for more information.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section) or a command (see the \f[B]COMMANDS\f[]
+section), is processed and executed, in order.
+Input is processed immediately when entered.
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to interpret constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]T\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried with the \f[B]U\f[] command.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+Values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that sets the
+precision of any operations (with exceptions).
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]V\f[] command.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+Comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH NUMBERS
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to
+\f[B]F\f[], and at most \f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]F\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]15\f[].
+.SH COMMANDS
+.PP
+The valid commands are listed below.
+.SS Printing
+.PP
+These commands are used for printing.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and
+prints a newline after.
+.RS
+.PP
+This does not alter the stack.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]n\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops
+it off of the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]P\f[]
+Pops a value off the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+result is printed as though \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] and
+each digit is interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte
+stream.
+.PP
+If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f\f[]
+Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+without altering anything.
+.RS
+.PP
+Users should use this command when they get lost.
+.RE
+.SS Arithmetic
+.PP
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[], and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]~\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered,
+and the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the
+stack.
+This is equivalent to \f[B]x y / x y %\f[] except that \f[B]x\f[] and
+\f[B]y\f[] are only evaluated once.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]v\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and
+the result is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The value popped off of the stack must be non\-negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]_\f[]
+If this command \f[I]immediately\f[] precedes a number (i.e., no spaces
+or other commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+.RS
+.PP
+Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy
+is negated and pushed onto the stack.
+This behavior without a number is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]b\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed
+back onto the stack.
+Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]|\f[]
+The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation
+is computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+integer and non\-zero.
+The second value popped is used as the exponent and must be an integer
+and non\-negative.
+The third value popped is the base and must be an integer.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]G\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if they are equal, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]N\f[]
+The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a \f[B]0\f[], a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed; otherwise, a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B](\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than the second, or \f[B]0\f[]
+otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]{\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second,
+or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B])\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or
+\f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]}\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the
+second, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]M\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If they are both non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+If either of them is zero, or both of them are, then a \f[B]0\f[] is
+pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]&&\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]m\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If at least one of them is non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the
+stack.
+If both of them are zero, then a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]||\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Stack Control
+.PP
+These commands control the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c\f[]
+Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d\f[]
+Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy
+onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r\f[]
+Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]R\f[]
+Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Register Control
+.PP
+These commands control registers (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section).
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register
+\f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Copies the value in register \f[I]r\f[] and pushes it onto the stack.
+This does not alter the contents of \f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]S\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the
+stack of register \f[I]r\f[].
+The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]L\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack for register \f[I]r\f[] and push
+it onto the main stack.
+The previous value in the stack for register \f[I]r\f[], if any, is now
+accessible via the \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[] command.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Parameters
+.PP
+These commands control the values of \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], and
+\f[B]scale\f[].
+Also see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]i\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and \f[B]16\f[],
+inclusive.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]o\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]obase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and
+\f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[], inclusive (see the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]k\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]scale\f[], which must be non\-negative.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]I\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]O\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]K\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]T\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]U\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]V\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Strings
+.PP
+The following commands control strings.
+.PP
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) can hold both strings and numbers.
+dc(1) always knows whether the contents of a register are a string or a
+number.
+.PP
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an
+error if given a string, other commands accept strings.
+.PP
+Strings can also be executed as macros.
+For example, if the string \f[B][1pR]\f[] is executed as a macro, then
+the code \f[B]1pR\f[] is executed, meaning that the \f[B]1\f[] will be
+printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B][\f[]\f[I]characters\f[]\f[B]]\f[]
+Makes a string containing \f[I]characters\f[] and pushes it onto the
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If there are brackets (\f[B][\f[] and \f[B]]\f[]) in the string, then
+they must be balanced.
+Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (\f[B]\\\f[])
+character.
+.PP
+If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+(even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the
+(first) backslash is not.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a\f[]
+The value on top of the stack is popped.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken.
+The result mod \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] is calculated.
+If that result is \f[B]0\f[], push an empty string; otherwise, push a
+one\-character string where the character is the result of the mod
+interpreted as an ASCII character.
+.PP
+If it is a string, then a new string is made.
+If the original string is empty, the new string is empty.
+If it is not, then the first character of the original string is used to
+create the new string as a one\-character string.
+The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]x\f[]
+Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+.PP
+This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+For example, \f[B]0 1>a\f[] will execute the contents of register
+\f[B]a\f[], and \f[B]1 0>a\f[] will not.
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is less than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register
+\f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]?\f[]
+Reads a line from the \f[B]stdin\f[] and executes it.
+This is to allow macros to request input from users.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]q\f[]
+During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and
+the execution of the macro that executed it.
+If there are no macros, or only one macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Q\f[]
+Pops a value from the stack which must be non\-negative and is used the
+number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack.
+If the number of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing
+macros, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Status
+.PP
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Z\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits
+it has and pushes the result.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]X\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, pushes the \f[I]scale\f[] of the value onto the
+stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes \f[B]0\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]z\f[]
+Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Arrays
+.PP
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]:\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the top two values off of the stack.
+The second value will be stored in the array \f[I]r\f[] (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section), indexed by the first value.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B];\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the
+array \f[I]r\f[].
+The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH REGISTERS
+.PP
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays.
+(Number/string registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+.PP
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is
+the top of the stack for the register.
+All registers, when first referenced, have one value (\f[B]0\f[]) in
+their stack.
+.PP
+In non\-extended register mode, a register name is just the single
+character that follows any command that needs a register name.
+The only exception is a newline (\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]); it is a parse
+error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+.SS Extended Register Mode
+.PP
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly
+unlimited amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+.PP
+If extended register mode is enabled (\f[B]\-x\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[] command\-line arguments are given), then
+normal single character registers are used \f[I]unless\f[] the character
+immediately following a command that needs a register name is a space
+(according to \f[B]isspace()\f[]) and not a newline
+(\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]).
+.PP
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+\f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[] (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse
+error if the next non\-space characters do not match that regex.
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all macros returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most dc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This dc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+dc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to dc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs.
+Another use would be to use the \f[B]\-e\f[] option to set
+\f[B]scale\f[] to a value other than \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "dc"
+file.dc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), dc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash newline combo.
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware
+integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and
+attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]) operator.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, and using a
+token where it is invalid.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, and attempting an operation when the
+stack has too few elements.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (dc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+dc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If dc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If dc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to dc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause dc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+bc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the
+bc(1) IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHNP.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHP.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHP.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHP.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1180 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "DC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH Name
+.PP
+dc \- arbitrary\-precision reverse\-Polish notation calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]dc\f[] [\f[B]\-hiPvVx\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+dc(1) is an arbitrary\-precision calculator.
+It uses a stack (reverse Polish notation) to store numbers and results
+of computations.
+Arithmetic operations pop arguments off of the stack and push the
+results.
+.PP
+If no files are given on the command\-line as extra arguments (i.e., not
+as \f[B]\-f\f[] or \f[B]\-\-file\f[] arguments), then dc(1) reads from
+\f[B]stdin\f[].
+Otherwise, those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+.PP
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where \f[B]\-e\f[] (\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]) and
+\f[B]\-f\f[] (\f[B]\-\-file\f[]) arguments cause dc(1) to execute them
+and exit.
+The reason for this is that this dc(1) allows users to set arguments in
+the environment variable \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT
+VARIABLES\f[] section).
+Any expressions given on the command\-line should be used to set up a
+standard environment.
+For example, if a user wants the \f[B]scale\f[] always set to
+\f[B]10\f[], they can set \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] to \f[B]\-e 10k\f[], and
+this dc(1) will always start with a \f[B]scale\f[] of \f[B]10\f[].
+.PP
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and \f[B]\-f\f[] arguments (and their equivalents), then
+they can just simply add \f[B]\-e q\f[] as the last command\-line
+argument or define the environment variable \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+This option is a no\-op.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-x\f[] \f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]
+Enables extended register mode.
+See the \f[I]Extended Register Mode\f[] subsection of the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section for more information.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section) or a command (see the \f[B]COMMANDS\f[]
+section), is processed and executed, in order.
+Input is processed immediately when entered.
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to interpret constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]T\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried with the \f[B]U\f[] command.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+Values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that sets the
+precision of any operations (with exceptions).
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]V\f[] command.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+Comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH NUMBERS
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to
+\f[B]F\f[], and at most \f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]F\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]15\f[].
+.SH COMMANDS
+.PP
+The valid commands are listed below.
+.SS Printing
+.PP
+These commands are used for printing.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and
+prints a newline after.
+.RS
+.PP
+This does not alter the stack.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]n\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops
+it off of the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]P\f[]
+Pops a value off the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+result is printed as though \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] and
+each digit is interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte
+stream.
+.PP
+If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f\f[]
+Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+without altering anything.
+.RS
+.PP
+Users should use this command when they get lost.
+.RE
+.SS Arithmetic
+.PP
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[], and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]~\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered,
+and the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the
+stack.
+This is equivalent to \f[B]x y / x y %\f[] except that \f[B]x\f[] and
+\f[B]y\f[] are only evaluated once.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]v\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and
+the result is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The value popped off of the stack must be non\-negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]_\f[]
+If this command \f[I]immediately\f[] precedes a number (i.e., no spaces
+or other commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+.RS
+.PP
+Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy
+is negated and pushed onto the stack.
+This behavior without a number is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]b\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed
+back onto the stack.
+Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]|\f[]
+The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation
+is computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+integer and non\-zero.
+The second value popped is used as the exponent and must be an integer
+and non\-negative.
+The third value popped is the base and must be an integer.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]G\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if they are equal, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]N\f[]
+The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a \f[B]0\f[], a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed; otherwise, a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B](\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than the second, or \f[B]0\f[]
+otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]{\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second,
+or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B])\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or
+\f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]}\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the
+second, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]M\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If they are both non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+If either of them is zero, or both of them are, then a \f[B]0\f[] is
+pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]&&\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]m\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If at least one of them is non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the
+stack.
+If both of them are zero, then a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]||\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Stack Control
+.PP
+These commands control the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c\f[]
+Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d\f[]
+Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy
+onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r\f[]
+Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]R\f[]
+Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Register Control
+.PP
+These commands control registers (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section).
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register
+\f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Copies the value in register \f[I]r\f[] and pushes it onto the stack.
+This does not alter the contents of \f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]S\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the
+stack of register \f[I]r\f[].
+The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]L\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack for register \f[I]r\f[] and push
+it onto the main stack.
+The previous value in the stack for register \f[I]r\f[], if any, is now
+accessible via the \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[] command.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Parameters
+.PP
+These commands control the values of \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], and
+\f[B]scale\f[].
+Also see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]i\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and \f[B]16\f[],
+inclusive.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]o\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]obase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and
+\f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[], inclusive (see the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]k\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]scale\f[], which must be non\-negative.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]I\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]O\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]K\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]T\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]U\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]V\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Strings
+.PP
+The following commands control strings.
+.PP
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) can hold both strings and numbers.
+dc(1) always knows whether the contents of a register are a string or a
+number.
+.PP
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an
+error if given a string, other commands accept strings.
+.PP
+Strings can also be executed as macros.
+For example, if the string \f[B][1pR]\f[] is executed as a macro, then
+the code \f[B]1pR\f[] is executed, meaning that the \f[B]1\f[] will be
+printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B][\f[]\f[I]characters\f[]\f[B]]\f[]
+Makes a string containing \f[I]characters\f[] and pushes it onto the
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If there are brackets (\f[B][\f[] and \f[B]]\f[]) in the string, then
+they must be balanced.
+Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (\f[B]\\\f[])
+character.
+.PP
+If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+(even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the
+(first) backslash is not.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a\f[]
+The value on top of the stack is popped.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken.
+The result mod \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] is calculated.
+If that result is \f[B]0\f[], push an empty string; otherwise, push a
+one\-character string where the character is the result of the mod
+interpreted as an ASCII character.
+.PP
+If it is a string, then a new string is made.
+If the original string is empty, the new string is empty.
+If it is not, then the first character of the original string is used to
+create the new string as a one\-character string.
+The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]x\f[]
+Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+.PP
+This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+For example, \f[B]0 1>a\f[] will execute the contents of register
+\f[B]a\f[], and \f[B]1 0>a\f[] will not.
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is less than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register
+\f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]?\f[]
+Reads a line from the \f[B]stdin\f[] and executes it.
+This is to allow macros to request input from users.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]q\f[]
+During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and
+the execution of the macro that executed it.
+If there are no macros, or only one macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Q\f[]
+Pops a value from the stack which must be non\-negative and is used the
+number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack.
+If the number of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing
+macros, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Status
+.PP
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Z\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits
+it has and pushes the result.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]X\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, pushes the \f[I]scale\f[] of the value onto the
+stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes \f[B]0\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]z\f[]
+Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Arrays
+.PP
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]:\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the top two values off of the stack.
+The second value will be stored in the array \f[I]r\f[] (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section), indexed by the first value.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B];\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the
+array \f[I]r\f[].
+The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH REGISTERS
+.PP
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays.
+(Number/string registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+.PP
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is
+the top of the stack for the register.
+All registers, when first referenced, have one value (\f[B]0\f[]) in
+their stack.
+.PP
+In non\-extended register mode, a register name is just the single
+character that follows any command that needs a register name.
+The only exception is a newline (\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]); it is a parse
+error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+.SS Extended Register Mode
+.PP
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly
+unlimited amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+.PP
+If extended register mode is enabled (\f[B]\-x\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[] command\-line arguments are given), then
+normal single character registers are used \f[I]unless\f[] the character
+immediately following a command that needs a register name is a space
+(according to \f[B]isspace()\f[]) and not a newline
+(\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]).
+.PP
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+\f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[] (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse
+error if the next non\-space characters do not match that regex.
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all macros returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most dc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This dc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+dc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to dc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs.
+Another use would be to use the \f[B]\-e\f[] option to set
+\f[B]scale\f[] to a value other than \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "dc"
+file.dc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), dc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash newline combo.
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware
+integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and
+attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]) operator.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, and using a
+token where it is invalid.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, and attempting an operation when the
+stack has too few elements.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (dc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+dc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If dc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If dc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to dc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause dc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+.SH LOCALES
+.PP
+This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different
+locales and thus, supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGS\f[].
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+bc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the
+bc(1) IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHP.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EN.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EN.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EN.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1198 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "DC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH Name
+.PP
+dc \- arbitrary\-precision reverse\-Polish notation calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]dc\f[] [\f[B]\-hiPvVx\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+dc(1) is an arbitrary\-precision calculator.
+It uses a stack (reverse Polish notation) to store numbers and results
+of computations.
+Arithmetic operations pop arguments off of the stack and push the
+results.
+.PP
+If no files are given on the command\-line as extra arguments (i.e., not
+as \f[B]\-f\f[] or \f[B]\-\-file\f[] arguments), then dc(1) reads from
+\f[B]stdin\f[].
+Otherwise, those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+.PP
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where \f[B]\-e\f[] (\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]) and
+\f[B]\-f\f[] (\f[B]\-\-file\f[]) arguments cause dc(1) to execute them
+and exit.
+The reason for this is that this dc(1) allows users to set arguments in
+the environment variable \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT
+VARIABLES\f[] section).
+Any expressions given on the command\-line should be used to set up a
+standard environment.
+For example, if a user wants the \f[B]scale\f[] always set to
+\f[B]10\f[], they can set \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] to \f[B]\-e 10k\f[], and
+this dc(1) will always start with a \f[B]scale\f[] of \f[B]10\f[].
+.PP
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and \f[B]\-f\f[] arguments (and their equivalents), then
+they can just simply add \f[B]\-e q\f[] as the last command\-line
+argument or define the environment variable \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+Disables the prompt in TTY mode.
+(The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+See the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section) This is mostly for those users that
+do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in dc(1).
+Most of those users would want to put this option in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-x\f[] \f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]
+Enables extended register mode.
+See the \f[I]Extended Register Mode\f[] subsection of the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section for more information.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section) or a command (see the \f[B]COMMANDS\f[]
+section), is processed and executed, in order.
+Input is processed immediately when entered.
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to interpret constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]T\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried with the \f[B]U\f[] command.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+Values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that sets the
+precision of any operations (with exceptions).
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]V\f[] command.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+Comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH NUMBERS
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to
+\f[B]F\f[], and at most \f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]F\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]15\f[].
+.SH COMMANDS
+.PP
+The valid commands are listed below.
+.SS Printing
+.PP
+These commands are used for printing.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and
+prints a newline after.
+.RS
+.PP
+This does not alter the stack.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]n\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops
+it off of the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]P\f[]
+Pops a value off the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+result is printed as though \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] and
+each digit is interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte
+stream.
+.PP
+If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f\f[]
+Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+without altering anything.
+.RS
+.PP
+Users should use this command when they get lost.
+.RE
+.SS Arithmetic
+.PP
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[], and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]~\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered,
+and the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the
+stack.
+This is equivalent to \f[B]x y / x y %\f[] except that \f[B]x\f[] and
+\f[B]y\f[] are only evaluated once.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]v\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and
+the result is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The value popped off of the stack must be non\-negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]_\f[]
+If this command \f[I]immediately\f[] precedes a number (i.e., no spaces
+or other commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+.RS
+.PP
+Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy
+is negated and pushed onto the stack.
+This behavior without a number is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]b\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed
+back onto the stack.
+Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]|\f[]
+The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation
+is computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+integer and non\-zero.
+The second value popped is used as the exponent and must be an integer
+and non\-negative.
+The third value popped is the base and must be an integer.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]G\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if they are equal, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]N\f[]
+The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a \f[B]0\f[], a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed; otherwise, a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B](\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than the second, or \f[B]0\f[]
+otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]{\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second,
+or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B])\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or
+\f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]}\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the
+second, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]M\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If they are both non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+If either of them is zero, or both of them are, then a \f[B]0\f[] is
+pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]&&\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]m\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If at least one of them is non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the
+stack.
+If both of them are zero, then a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]||\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Stack Control
+.PP
+These commands control the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c\f[]
+Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d\f[]
+Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy
+onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r\f[]
+Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]R\f[]
+Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Register Control
+.PP
+These commands control registers (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section).
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register
+\f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Copies the value in register \f[I]r\f[] and pushes it onto the stack.
+This does not alter the contents of \f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]S\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the
+stack of register \f[I]r\f[].
+The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]L\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack for register \f[I]r\f[] and push
+it onto the main stack.
+The previous value in the stack for register \f[I]r\f[], if any, is now
+accessible via the \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[] command.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Parameters
+.PP
+These commands control the values of \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], and
+\f[B]scale\f[].
+Also see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]i\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and \f[B]16\f[],
+inclusive.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]o\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]obase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and
+\f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[], inclusive (see the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]k\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]scale\f[], which must be non\-negative.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]I\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]O\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]K\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]T\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]U\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]V\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Strings
+.PP
+The following commands control strings.
+.PP
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) can hold both strings and numbers.
+dc(1) always knows whether the contents of a register are a string or a
+number.
+.PP
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an
+error if given a string, other commands accept strings.
+.PP
+Strings can also be executed as macros.
+For example, if the string \f[B][1pR]\f[] is executed as a macro, then
+the code \f[B]1pR\f[] is executed, meaning that the \f[B]1\f[] will be
+printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B][\f[]\f[I]characters\f[]\f[B]]\f[]
+Makes a string containing \f[I]characters\f[] and pushes it onto the
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If there are brackets (\f[B][\f[] and \f[B]]\f[]) in the string, then
+they must be balanced.
+Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (\f[B]\\\f[])
+character.
+.PP
+If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+(even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the
+(first) backslash is not.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a\f[]
+The value on top of the stack is popped.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken.
+The result mod \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] is calculated.
+If that result is \f[B]0\f[], push an empty string; otherwise, push a
+one\-character string where the character is the result of the mod
+interpreted as an ASCII character.
+.PP
+If it is a string, then a new string is made.
+If the original string is empty, the new string is empty.
+If it is not, then the first character of the original string is used to
+create the new string as a one\-character string.
+The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]x\f[]
+Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+.PP
+This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+For example, \f[B]0 1>a\f[] will execute the contents of register
+\f[B]a\f[], and \f[B]1 0>a\f[] will not.
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is less than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register
+\f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]?\f[]
+Reads a line from the \f[B]stdin\f[] and executes it.
+This is to allow macros to request input from users.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]q\f[]
+During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and
+the execution of the macro that executed it.
+If there are no macros, or only one macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Q\f[]
+Pops a value from the stack which must be non\-negative and is used the
+number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack.
+If the number of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing
+macros, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Status
+.PP
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Z\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits
+it has and pushes the result.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]X\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, pushes the \f[I]scale\f[] of the value onto the
+stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes \f[B]0\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]z\f[]
+Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Arrays
+.PP
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]:\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the top two values off of the stack.
+The second value will be stored in the array \f[I]r\f[] (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section), indexed by the first value.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B];\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the
+array \f[I]r\f[].
+The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH REGISTERS
+.PP
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays.
+(Number/string registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+.PP
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is
+the top of the stack for the register.
+All registers, when first referenced, have one value (\f[B]0\f[]) in
+their stack.
+.PP
+In non\-extended register mode, a register name is just the single
+character that follows any command that needs a register name.
+The only exception is a newline (\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]); it is a parse
+error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+.SS Extended Register Mode
+.PP
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly
+unlimited amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+.PP
+If extended register mode is enabled (\f[B]\-x\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[] command\-line arguments are given), then
+normal single character registers are used \f[I]unless\f[] the character
+immediately following a command that needs a register name is a space
+(according to \f[B]isspace()\f[]) and not a newline
+(\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]).
+.PP
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+\f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[] (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse
+error if the next non\-space characters do not match that regex.
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all macros returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most dc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This dc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+dc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to dc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs.
+Another use would be to use the \f[B]\-e\f[] option to set
+\f[B]scale\f[] to a value other than \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "dc"
+file.dc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), dc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash newline combo.
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware
+integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and
+attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]) operator.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, and using a
+token where it is invalid.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, and attempting an operation when the
+stack has too few elements.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (dc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+dc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the \f[B]COMMAND
+LINE HISTORY\f[] section).
+It is also required to enable special handling for \f[B]SIGINT\f[]
+signals.
+.PP
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If dc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If dc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to dc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause dc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+The one exception is \f[B]SIGHUP\f[]; in that case, when dc(1) is in TTY
+mode, a \f[B]SIGHUP\f[] will cause dc(1) to clean up and exit.
+.SH COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+.PP
+dc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), history is
+enabled.
+Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+bc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the
+bc(1) IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EN.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/ENP.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/ENP.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/ENP.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1191 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "DC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH Name
+.PP
+dc \- arbitrary\-precision reverse\-Polish notation calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]dc\f[] [\f[B]\-hiPvVx\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+dc(1) is an arbitrary\-precision calculator.
+It uses a stack (reverse Polish notation) to store numbers and results
+of computations.
+Arithmetic operations pop arguments off of the stack and push the
+results.
+.PP
+If no files are given on the command\-line as extra arguments (i.e., not
+as \f[B]\-f\f[] or \f[B]\-\-file\f[] arguments), then dc(1) reads from
+\f[B]stdin\f[].
+Otherwise, those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+.PP
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where \f[B]\-e\f[] (\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]) and
+\f[B]\-f\f[] (\f[B]\-\-file\f[]) arguments cause dc(1) to execute them
+and exit.
+The reason for this is that this dc(1) allows users to set arguments in
+the environment variable \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT
+VARIABLES\f[] section).
+Any expressions given on the command\-line should be used to set up a
+standard environment.
+For example, if a user wants the \f[B]scale\f[] always set to
+\f[B]10\f[], they can set \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] to \f[B]\-e 10k\f[], and
+this dc(1) will always start with a \f[B]scale\f[] of \f[B]10\f[].
+.PP
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and \f[B]\-f\f[] arguments (and their equivalents), then
+they can just simply add \f[B]\-e q\f[] as the last command\-line
+argument or define the environment variable \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+This option is a no\-op.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-x\f[] \f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]
+Enables extended register mode.
+See the \f[I]Extended Register Mode\f[] subsection of the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section for more information.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section) or a command (see the \f[B]COMMANDS\f[]
+section), is processed and executed, in order.
+Input is processed immediately when entered.
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to interpret constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]T\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried with the \f[B]U\f[] command.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+Values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that sets the
+precision of any operations (with exceptions).
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]V\f[] command.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+Comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH NUMBERS
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to
+\f[B]F\f[], and at most \f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]F\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]15\f[].
+.SH COMMANDS
+.PP
+The valid commands are listed below.
+.SS Printing
+.PP
+These commands are used for printing.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and
+prints a newline after.
+.RS
+.PP
+This does not alter the stack.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]n\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops
+it off of the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]P\f[]
+Pops a value off the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+result is printed as though \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] and
+each digit is interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte
+stream.
+.PP
+If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f\f[]
+Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+without altering anything.
+.RS
+.PP
+Users should use this command when they get lost.
+.RE
+.SS Arithmetic
+.PP
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[], and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]~\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered,
+and the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the
+stack.
+This is equivalent to \f[B]x y / x y %\f[] except that \f[B]x\f[] and
+\f[B]y\f[] are only evaluated once.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]v\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and
+the result is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The value popped off of the stack must be non\-negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]_\f[]
+If this command \f[I]immediately\f[] precedes a number (i.e., no spaces
+or other commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+.RS
+.PP
+Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy
+is negated and pushed onto the stack.
+This behavior without a number is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]b\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed
+back onto the stack.
+Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]|\f[]
+The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation
+is computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+integer and non\-zero.
+The second value popped is used as the exponent and must be an integer
+and non\-negative.
+The third value popped is the base and must be an integer.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]G\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if they are equal, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]N\f[]
+The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a \f[B]0\f[], a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed; otherwise, a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B](\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than the second, or \f[B]0\f[]
+otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]{\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second,
+or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B])\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or
+\f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]}\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the
+second, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]M\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If they are both non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+If either of them is zero, or both of them are, then a \f[B]0\f[] is
+pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]&&\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]m\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If at least one of them is non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the
+stack.
+If both of them are zero, then a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]||\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Stack Control
+.PP
+These commands control the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c\f[]
+Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d\f[]
+Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy
+onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r\f[]
+Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]R\f[]
+Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Register Control
+.PP
+These commands control registers (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section).
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register
+\f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Copies the value in register \f[I]r\f[] and pushes it onto the stack.
+This does not alter the contents of \f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]S\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the
+stack of register \f[I]r\f[].
+The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]L\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack for register \f[I]r\f[] and push
+it onto the main stack.
+The previous value in the stack for register \f[I]r\f[], if any, is now
+accessible via the \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[] command.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Parameters
+.PP
+These commands control the values of \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], and
+\f[B]scale\f[].
+Also see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]i\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and \f[B]16\f[],
+inclusive.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]o\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]obase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and
+\f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[], inclusive (see the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]k\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]scale\f[], which must be non\-negative.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]I\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]O\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]K\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]T\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]U\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]V\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Strings
+.PP
+The following commands control strings.
+.PP
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) can hold both strings and numbers.
+dc(1) always knows whether the contents of a register are a string or a
+number.
+.PP
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an
+error if given a string, other commands accept strings.
+.PP
+Strings can also be executed as macros.
+For example, if the string \f[B][1pR]\f[] is executed as a macro, then
+the code \f[B]1pR\f[] is executed, meaning that the \f[B]1\f[] will be
+printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B][\f[]\f[I]characters\f[]\f[B]]\f[]
+Makes a string containing \f[I]characters\f[] and pushes it onto the
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If there are brackets (\f[B][\f[] and \f[B]]\f[]) in the string, then
+they must be balanced.
+Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (\f[B]\\\f[])
+character.
+.PP
+If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+(even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the
+(first) backslash is not.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a\f[]
+The value on top of the stack is popped.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken.
+The result mod \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] is calculated.
+If that result is \f[B]0\f[], push an empty string; otherwise, push a
+one\-character string where the character is the result of the mod
+interpreted as an ASCII character.
+.PP
+If it is a string, then a new string is made.
+If the original string is empty, the new string is empty.
+If it is not, then the first character of the original string is used to
+create the new string as a one\-character string.
+The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]x\f[]
+Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+.PP
+This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+For example, \f[B]0 1>a\f[] will execute the contents of register
+\f[B]a\f[], and \f[B]1 0>a\f[] will not.
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is less than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register
+\f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]?\f[]
+Reads a line from the \f[B]stdin\f[] and executes it.
+This is to allow macros to request input from users.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]q\f[]
+During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and
+the execution of the macro that executed it.
+If there are no macros, or only one macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Q\f[]
+Pops a value from the stack which must be non\-negative and is used the
+number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack.
+If the number of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing
+macros, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Status
+.PP
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Z\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits
+it has and pushes the result.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]X\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, pushes the \f[I]scale\f[] of the value onto the
+stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes \f[B]0\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]z\f[]
+Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Arrays
+.PP
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]:\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the top two values off of the stack.
+The second value will be stored in the array \f[I]r\f[] (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section), indexed by the first value.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B];\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the
+array \f[I]r\f[].
+The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH REGISTERS
+.PP
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays.
+(Number/string registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+.PP
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is
+the top of the stack for the register.
+All registers, when first referenced, have one value (\f[B]0\f[]) in
+their stack.
+.PP
+In non\-extended register mode, a register name is just the single
+character that follows any command that needs a register name.
+The only exception is a newline (\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]); it is a parse
+error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+.SS Extended Register Mode
+.PP
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly
+unlimited amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+.PP
+If extended register mode is enabled (\f[B]\-x\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[] command\-line arguments are given), then
+normal single character registers are used \f[I]unless\f[] the character
+immediately following a command that needs a register name is a space
+(according to \f[B]isspace()\f[]) and not a newline
+(\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]).
+.PP
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+\f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[] (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse
+error if the next non\-space characters do not match that regex.
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all macros returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most dc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This dc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+dc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to dc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs.
+Another use would be to use the \f[B]\-e\f[] option to set
+\f[B]scale\f[] to a value other than \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "dc"
+file.dc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), dc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash newline combo.
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware
+integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and
+attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]) operator.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, and using a
+token where it is invalid.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, and attempting an operation when the
+stack has too few elements.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (dc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+dc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the \f[B]COMMAND
+LINE HISTORY\f[] section).
+It is also required to enable special handling for \f[B]SIGINT\f[]
+signals.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If dc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If dc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to dc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause dc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+The one exception is \f[B]SIGHUP\f[]; in that case, when dc(1) is in TTY
+mode, a \f[B]SIGHUP\f[] will cause dc(1) to clean up and exit.
+.SH COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+.PP
+dc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), history is
+enabled.
+Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+bc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the
+bc(1) IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/ENP.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EP.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EP.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EP.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1195 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "DC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH Name
+.PP
+dc \- arbitrary\-precision reverse\-Polish notation calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]dc\f[] [\f[B]\-hiPvVx\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+dc(1) is an arbitrary\-precision calculator.
+It uses a stack (reverse Polish notation) to store numbers and results
+of computations.
+Arithmetic operations pop arguments off of the stack and push the
+results.
+.PP
+If no files are given on the command\-line as extra arguments (i.e., not
+as \f[B]\-f\f[] or \f[B]\-\-file\f[] arguments), then dc(1) reads from
+\f[B]stdin\f[].
+Otherwise, those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+.PP
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where \f[B]\-e\f[] (\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]) and
+\f[B]\-f\f[] (\f[B]\-\-file\f[]) arguments cause dc(1) to execute them
+and exit.
+The reason for this is that this dc(1) allows users to set arguments in
+the environment variable \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT
+VARIABLES\f[] section).
+Any expressions given on the command\-line should be used to set up a
+standard environment.
+For example, if a user wants the \f[B]scale\f[] always set to
+\f[B]10\f[], they can set \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] to \f[B]\-e 10k\f[], and
+this dc(1) will always start with a \f[B]scale\f[] of \f[B]10\f[].
+.PP
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and \f[B]\-f\f[] arguments (and their equivalents), then
+they can just simply add \f[B]\-e q\f[] as the last command\-line
+argument or define the environment variable \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+This option is a no\-op.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-x\f[] \f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]
+Enables extended register mode.
+See the \f[I]Extended Register Mode\f[] subsection of the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section for more information.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section) or a command (see the \f[B]COMMANDS\f[]
+section), is processed and executed, in order.
+Input is processed immediately when entered.
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to interpret constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]T\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried with the \f[B]U\f[] command.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+Values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that sets the
+precision of any operations (with exceptions).
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]V\f[] command.
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+Comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH NUMBERS
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to
+\f[B]F\f[], and at most \f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]F\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]15\f[].
+.SH COMMANDS
+.PP
+The valid commands are listed below.
+.SS Printing
+.PP
+These commands are used for printing.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and
+prints a newline after.
+.RS
+.PP
+This does not alter the stack.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]n\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops
+it off of the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]P\f[]
+Pops a value off the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+result is printed as though \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] and
+each digit is interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte
+stream.
+.PP
+If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f\f[]
+Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+without altering anything.
+.RS
+.PP
+Users should use this command when they get lost.
+.RE
+.SS Arithmetic
+.PP
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[], and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]~\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered,
+and the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the
+stack.
+This is equivalent to \f[B]x y / x y %\f[] except that \f[B]x\f[] and
+\f[B]y\f[] are only evaluated once.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]v\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and
+the result is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The value popped off of the stack must be non\-negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]_\f[]
+If this command \f[I]immediately\f[] precedes a number (i.e., no spaces
+or other commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+.RS
+.PP
+Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy
+is negated and pushed onto the stack.
+This behavior without a number is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]b\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed
+back onto the stack.
+Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]|\f[]
+The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation
+is computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+integer and non\-zero.
+The second value popped is used as the exponent and must be an integer
+and non\-negative.
+The third value popped is the base and must be an integer.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]G\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if they are equal, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]N\f[]
+The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a \f[B]0\f[], a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed; otherwise, a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B](\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than the second, or \f[B]0\f[]
+otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]{\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second,
+or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B])\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or
+\f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]}\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the
+second, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]M\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If they are both non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+If either of them is zero, or both of them are, then a \f[B]0\f[] is
+pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]&&\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]m\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If at least one of them is non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the
+stack.
+If both of them are zero, then a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]||\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Stack Control
+.PP
+These commands control the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c\f[]
+Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d\f[]
+Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy
+onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r\f[]
+Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]R\f[]
+Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Register Control
+.PP
+These commands control registers (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section).
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register
+\f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Copies the value in register \f[I]r\f[] and pushes it onto the stack.
+This does not alter the contents of \f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]S\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the
+stack of register \f[I]r\f[].
+The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]L\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack for register \f[I]r\f[] and push
+it onto the main stack.
+The previous value in the stack for register \f[I]r\f[], if any, is now
+accessible via the \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[] command.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Parameters
+.PP
+These commands control the values of \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[], and
+\f[B]scale\f[].
+Also see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]i\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and \f[B]16\f[],
+inclusive.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]o\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]obase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and
+\f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[], inclusive (see the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]k\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]scale\f[], which must be non\-negative.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]I\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]O\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]K\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]T\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]U\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]V\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Strings
+.PP
+The following commands control strings.
+.PP
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) can hold both strings and numbers.
+dc(1) always knows whether the contents of a register are a string or a
+number.
+.PP
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an
+error if given a string, other commands accept strings.
+.PP
+Strings can also be executed as macros.
+For example, if the string \f[B][1pR]\f[] is executed as a macro, then
+the code \f[B]1pR\f[] is executed, meaning that the \f[B]1\f[] will be
+printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B][\f[]\f[I]characters\f[]\f[B]]\f[]
+Makes a string containing \f[I]characters\f[] and pushes it onto the
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If there are brackets (\f[B][\f[] and \f[B]]\f[]) in the string, then
+they must be balanced.
+Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (\f[B]\\\f[])
+character.
+.PP
+If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+(even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the
+(first) backslash is not.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a\f[]
+The value on top of the stack is popped.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken.
+The result mod \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] is calculated.
+If that result is \f[B]0\f[], push an empty string; otherwise, push a
+one\-character string where the character is the result of the mod
+interpreted as an ASCII character.
+.PP
+If it is a string, then a new string is made.
+If the original string is empty, the new string is empty.
+If it is not, then the first character of the original string is used to
+create the new string as a one\-character string.
+The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]x\f[]
+Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+.PP
+This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+For example, \f[B]0 1>a\f[] will execute the contents of register
+\f[B]a\f[], and \f[B]1 0>a\f[] will not.
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is less than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register
+\f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]?\f[]
+Reads a line from the \f[B]stdin\f[] and executes it.
+This is to allow macros to request input from users.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]q\f[]
+During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and
+the execution of the macro that executed it.
+If there are no macros, or only one macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Q\f[]
+Pops a value from the stack which must be non\-negative and is used the
+number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack.
+If the number of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing
+macros, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Status
+.PP
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Z\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits
+it has and pushes the result.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]X\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, pushes the \f[I]scale\f[] of the value onto the
+stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes \f[B]0\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]z\f[]
+Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Arrays
+.PP
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]:\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the top two values off of the stack.
+The second value will be stored in the array \f[I]r\f[] (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section), indexed by the first value.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B];\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the
+array \f[I]r\f[].
+The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH REGISTERS
+.PP
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays.
+(Number/string registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+.PP
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is
+the top of the stack for the register.
+All registers, when first referenced, have one value (\f[B]0\f[]) in
+their stack.
+.PP
+In non\-extended register mode, a register name is just the single
+character that follows any command that needs a register name.
+The only exception is a newline (\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]); it is a parse
+error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+.SS Extended Register Mode
+.PP
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly
+unlimited amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+.PP
+If extended register mode is enabled (\f[B]\-x\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[] command\-line arguments are given), then
+normal single character registers are used \f[I]unless\f[] the character
+immediately following a command that needs a register name is a space
+(according to \f[B]isspace()\f[]) and not a newline
+(\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]).
+.PP
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+\f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[] (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse
+error if the next non\-space characters do not match that regex.
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all macros returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most dc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This dc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+dc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to dc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs.
+Another use would be to use the \f[B]\-e\f[] option to set
+\f[B]scale\f[] to a value other than \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "dc"
+file.dc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), dc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash newline combo.
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware
+integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and
+attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]) operator.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, and using a
+token where it is invalid.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, and attempting an operation when the
+stack has too few elements.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (dc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+dc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the \f[B]COMMAND
+LINE HISTORY\f[] section).
+It is also required to enable special handling for \f[B]SIGINT\f[]
+signals.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If dc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If dc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to dc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause dc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+The one exception is \f[B]SIGHUP\f[]; in that case, when dc(1) is in TTY
+mode, a \f[B]SIGHUP\f[] will cause dc(1) to clean up and exit.
+.SH COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+.PP
+dc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), history is
+enabled.
+Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+.SH LOCALES
+.PP
+This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different
+locales and thus, supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGS\f[].
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+bc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the
+bc(1) IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EP.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/H.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/H.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/H.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1391 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "DC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH Name
+.PP
+dc \- arbitrary\-precision reverse\-Polish notation calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]dc\f[] [\f[B]\-hiPvVx\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+dc(1) is an arbitrary\-precision calculator.
+It uses a stack (reverse Polish notation) to store numbers and results
+of computations.
+Arithmetic operations pop arguments off of the stack and push the
+results.
+.PP
+If no files are given on the command\-line as extra arguments (i.e., not
+as \f[B]\-f\f[] or \f[B]\-\-file\f[] arguments), then dc(1) reads from
+\f[B]stdin\f[].
+Otherwise, those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+.PP
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where \f[B]\-e\f[] (\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]) and
+\f[B]\-f\f[] (\f[B]\-\-file\f[]) arguments cause dc(1) to execute them
+and exit.
+The reason for this is that this dc(1) allows users to set arguments in
+the environment variable \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT
+VARIABLES\f[] section).
+Any expressions given on the command\-line should be used to set up a
+standard environment.
+For example, if a user wants the \f[B]scale\f[] always set to
+\f[B]10\f[], they can set \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] to \f[B]\-e 10k\f[], and
+this dc(1) will always start with a \f[B]scale\f[] of \f[B]10\f[].
+.PP
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and \f[B]\-f\f[] arguments (and their equivalents), then
+they can just simply add \f[B]\-e q\f[] as the last command\-line
+argument or define the environment variable \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+Disables the prompt in TTY mode.
+(The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+See the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section) This is mostly for those users that
+do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in dc(1).
+Most of those users would want to put this option in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-x\f[] \f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]
+Enables extended register mode.
+See the \f[I]Extended Register Mode\f[] subsection of the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section for more information.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section) or a command (see the \f[B]COMMANDS\f[]
+section), is processed and executed, in order.
+Input is processed immediately when entered.
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to interpret constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]T\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried with the \f[B]U\f[] command.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[].
+If \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], values are output in scientific
+notation, and if \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]1\f[], values are output in
+engineering notation.
+Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are
+\f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that sets the
+precision of any operations (with exceptions).
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]V\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]seed\f[] is a register containing the current seed for the
+pseudo\-random number generator.
+If the current value of \f[B]seed\f[] is queried and stored, then if it
+is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] later, the pseudo\-random number generator
+is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers
+that were generated after the value of \f[B]seed\f[] was first queried.
+.PP
+Multiple values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] can produce the same sequence
+of pseudo\-random numbers.
+Likewise, when a value is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], it is not
+guaranteed that querying \f[B]seed\f[] immediately after will return the
+same value.
+In addition, the value of \f[B]seed\f[] will change after any call to
+the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command or the \f[B]"\f[] command that does not get
+receive a value of \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+The maximum integer returned by the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command can be
+queried with the \f[B]W\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: The values returned by the pseudo\-random number
+generator with the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] and \f[B]"\f[] commands are guaranteed
+to \f[B]NOT\f[] be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo\-random number generator.
+However, they \f[B]are\f[] guaranteed to be reproducible with identical
+\f[B]seed\f[] values.
+.PP
+The pseudo\-random number generator, \f[B]seed\f[], and all associated
+operations are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+Comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH NUMBERS
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to
+\f[B]F\f[], and at most \f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]F\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]15\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, dc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation.
+These have the form \f[B]<number>e<integer>\f[].
+The power (the portion after the \f[B]e\f[]) must be an integer.
+An example is \f[B]1.89237e9\f[], which is equal to \f[B]1892370000\f[].
+Negative exponents are also allowed, so \f[B]4.2890e_3\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0.0042890\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]WARNING\f[]: Both the number and the exponent in scientific
+notation are interpreted according to the current \f[B]ibase\f[], but
+the number is still multiplied by \f[B]10^exponent\f[] regardless of the
+current \f[B]ibase\f[].
+For example, if \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[] and dc(1) is given the
+number string \f[B]FFeA\f[], the resulting decimal number will be
+\f[B]2550000000000\f[], and if dc(1) is given the number string
+\f[B]10e_4\f[], the resulting decimal number will be \f[B]0.0016\f[].
+.PP
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a \f[B]non\-portable
+extension\f[].
+.SH COMMANDS
+.PP
+The valid commands are listed below.
+.SS Printing
+.PP
+These commands are used for printing.
+.PP
+Note that both scientific notation and engineering notation are
+available for printing numbers.
+Scientific notation is activated by assigning \f[B]0\f[] to
+\f[B]obase\f[] using \f[B]0o\f[], and engineering notation is activated
+by assigning \f[B]1\f[] to \f[B]obase\f[] using \f[B]1o\f[].
+To deactivate them, just assign a different value to \f[B]obase\f[].
+.PP
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and
+prints a newline after.
+.RS
+.PP
+This does not alter the stack.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]n\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops
+it off of the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]P\f[]
+Pops a value off the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+result is printed as though \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] and
+each digit is interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte
+stream.
+.PP
+If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f\f[]
+Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+without altering anything.
+.RS
+.PP
+Users should use this command when they get lost.
+.RE
+.SS Arithmetic
+.PP
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[], and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]~\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered,
+and the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the
+stack.
+This is equivalent to \f[B]x y / x y %\f[] except that \f[B]x\f[] and
+\f[B]y\f[] are only evaluated once.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]v\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and
+the result is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The value popped off of the stack must be non\-negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]_\f[]
+If this command \f[I]immediately\f[] precedes a number (i.e., no spaces
+or other commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+.RS
+.PP
+Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy
+is negated and pushed onto the stack.
+This behavior without a number is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]b\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed
+back onto the stack.
+Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]|\f[]
+The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation
+is computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+integer and non\-zero.
+The second value popped is used as the exponent and must be an integer
+and non\-negative.
+The third value popped is the base and must be an integer.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is
+truncated and pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the
+second is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or
+extension.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]H\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted
+left (radix shifted right) to the value of the first.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]h\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted
+right (radix shifted left) to the value of the first.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]G\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if they are equal, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]N\f[]
+The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a \f[B]0\f[], a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed; otherwise, a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B](\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than the second, or \f[B]0\f[]
+otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]{\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second,
+or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B])\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or
+\f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]}\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the
+second, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]M\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If they are both non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+If either of them is zero, or both of them are, then a \f[B]0\f[] is
+pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]&&\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]m\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If at least one of them is non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the
+stack.
+If both of them are zero, then a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]||\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Pseudo\-Random Number Generator
+.PP
+dc(1) has a built\-in pseudo\-random number generator.
+These commands query the pseudo\-random number generator.
+(See Parameters for more information about the \f[B]seed\f[] value that
+controls the pseudo\-random number generator.)
+.PP
+The pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to \f[B]NOT\f[] be
+cryptographically secure.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\[aq]\f[]
+Generates an integer between 0 and \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[], inclusive (see
+the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]"\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an \f[B]exclusive\f[]
+upper bound on the integer that will be generated.
+If the bound is negative or is a non\-integer, an error is raised, and
+dc(1) resets (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) while \f[B]seed\f[]
+remains unchanged.
+If the bound is larger than \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[], the higher bound is
+honored by generating several pseudo\-random integers, multiplying them
+by appropriate powers of \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX+1\f[], and adding them
+together.
+Thus, the size of integer that can be generated with this command is
+unbounded.
+Using this command will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[], unless the
+operand is \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+In that case, \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack, and \f[B]seed\f[] is
+\f[I]not\f[] changed.
+.RS
+.PP
+The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Stack Control
+.PP
+These commands control the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c\f[]
+Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d\f[]
+Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy
+onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r\f[]
+Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]R\f[]
+Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Register Control
+.PP
+These commands control registers (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section).
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register
+\f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Copies the value in register \f[I]r\f[] and pushes it onto the stack.
+This does not alter the contents of \f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]S\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the
+stack of register \f[I]r\f[].
+The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]L\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack for register \f[I]r\f[] and push
+it onto the main stack.
+The previous value in the stack for register \f[I]r\f[], if any, is now
+accessible via the \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[] command.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Parameters
+.PP
+These commands control the values of \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[],
+\f[B]scale\f[], and \f[B]seed\f[].
+Also see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]i\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and \f[B]16\f[],
+inclusive.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]o\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]obase\f[], which must be between \f[B]0\f[] and
+\f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[], inclusive (see the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section and the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]k\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]scale\f[], which must be non\-negative.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]seed\f[].
+The meaning of \f[B]seed\f[] is dependent on the current pseudo\-random
+number generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major
+versions.
+.RS
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] and sign of the value may be significant.
+.PP
+If a previously used \f[B]seed\f[] value is used again, the
+pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same
+sequence of pseudo\-random numbers as it did when the \f[B]seed\f[]
+value was previously used.
+.PP
+The exact value assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] is not guaranteed to be
+returned if the \f[B]J\f[] command is used.
+However, if \f[B]seed\f[] \f[I]does\f[] return a different value, both
+values, when assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], are guaranteed to produce the
+same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers.
+This means that certain values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] will not
+produce unique sequences of pseudo\-random numbers.
+.PP
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits)
+or \f[I]scale\f[] of the value that can be assigned to \f[B]seed\f[].
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]I\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]O\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]K\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]J\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]seed\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]T\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]U\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]V\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]W\f[]
+Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the
+\f[B]\[aq]\f[] pseudo\-random number generator command.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Strings
+.PP
+The following commands control strings.
+.PP
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) can hold both strings and numbers.
+dc(1) always knows whether the contents of a register are a string or a
+number.
+.PP
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an
+error if given a string, other commands accept strings.
+.PP
+Strings can also be executed as macros.
+For example, if the string \f[B][1pR]\f[] is executed as a macro, then
+the code \f[B]1pR\f[] is executed, meaning that the \f[B]1\f[] will be
+printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B][\f[]\f[I]characters\f[]\f[B]]\f[]
+Makes a string containing \f[I]characters\f[] and pushes it onto the
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If there are brackets (\f[B][\f[] and \f[B]]\f[]) in the string, then
+they must be balanced.
+Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (\f[B]\\\f[])
+character.
+.PP
+If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+(even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the
+(first) backslash is not.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a\f[]
+The value on top of the stack is popped.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken.
+The result mod \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] is calculated.
+If that result is \f[B]0\f[], push an empty string; otherwise, push a
+one\-character string where the character is the result of the mod
+interpreted as an ASCII character.
+.PP
+If it is a string, then a new string is made.
+If the original string is empty, the new string is empty.
+If it is not, then the first character of the original string is used to
+create the new string as a one\-character string.
+The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]x\f[]
+Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+.PP
+This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+For example, \f[B]0 1>a\f[] will execute the contents of register
+\f[B]a\f[], and \f[B]1 0>a\f[] will not.
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is less than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register
+\f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]?\f[]
+Reads a line from the \f[B]stdin\f[] and executes it.
+This is to allow macros to request input from users.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]q\f[]
+During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and
+the execution of the macro that executed it.
+If there are no macros, or only one macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Q\f[]
+Pops a value from the stack which must be non\-negative and is used the
+number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack.
+If the number of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing
+macros, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Status
+.PP
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Z\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits
+it has and pushes the result.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]X\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, pushes the \f[I]scale\f[] of the value onto the
+stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes \f[B]0\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]z\f[]
+Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Arrays
+.PP
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]:\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the top two values off of the stack.
+The second value will be stored in the array \f[I]r\f[] (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section), indexed by the first value.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B];\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the
+array \f[I]r\f[].
+The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH REGISTERS
+.PP
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays.
+(Number/string registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+.PP
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is
+the top of the stack for the register.
+All registers, when first referenced, have one value (\f[B]0\f[]) in
+their stack.
+.PP
+In non\-extended register mode, a register name is just the single
+character that follows any command that needs a register name.
+The only exception is a newline (\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]); it is a parse
+error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+.SS Extended Register Mode
+.PP
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly
+unlimited amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+.PP
+If extended register mode is enabled (\f[B]\-x\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[] command\-line arguments are given), then
+normal single character registers are used \f[I]unless\f[] the character
+immediately following a command that needs a register name is a space
+(according to \f[B]isspace()\f[]) and not a newline
+(\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]).
+.PP
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+\f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[] (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse
+error if the next non\-space characters do not match that regex.
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all macros returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most dc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This dc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+dc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[]
+The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command,
+if dc(1).
+Set at \f[B]2^DC_LONG_BIT\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to dc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs.
+Another use would be to use the \f[B]\-e\f[] option to set
+\f[B]scale\f[] to a value other than \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "dc"
+file.dc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), dc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash newline combo.
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, using a negative number as a bound for the
+pseudo\-random number generator, attempting to convert a negative number
+to a hardware integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware
+integer, and attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is
+required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]), places (\f[B]\@\f[]), left shift (\f[B]H\f[]), and
+right shift (\f[B]h\f[]) operators.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, and using a
+token where it is invalid.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, and attempting an operation when the
+stack has too few elements.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (dc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+dc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If dc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If dc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to dc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause dc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+.SH LOCALES
+.PP
+This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different
+locales and thus, supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGS\f[].
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+bc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the
+bc(1) IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/H.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HN.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HN.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HN.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1387 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "DC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH Name
+.PP
+dc \- arbitrary\-precision reverse\-Polish notation calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]dc\f[] [\f[B]\-hiPvVx\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+dc(1) is an arbitrary\-precision calculator.
+It uses a stack (reverse Polish notation) to store numbers and results
+of computations.
+Arithmetic operations pop arguments off of the stack and push the
+results.
+.PP
+If no files are given on the command\-line as extra arguments (i.e., not
+as \f[B]\-f\f[] or \f[B]\-\-file\f[] arguments), then dc(1) reads from
+\f[B]stdin\f[].
+Otherwise, those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+.PP
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where \f[B]\-e\f[] (\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]) and
+\f[B]\-f\f[] (\f[B]\-\-file\f[]) arguments cause dc(1) to execute them
+and exit.
+The reason for this is that this dc(1) allows users to set arguments in
+the environment variable \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT
+VARIABLES\f[] section).
+Any expressions given on the command\-line should be used to set up a
+standard environment.
+For example, if a user wants the \f[B]scale\f[] always set to
+\f[B]10\f[], they can set \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] to \f[B]\-e 10k\f[], and
+this dc(1) will always start with a \f[B]scale\f[] of \f[B]10\f[].
+.PP
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and \f[B]\-f\f[] arguments (and their equivalents), then
+they can just simply add \f[B]\-e q\f[] as the last command\-line
+argument or define the environment variable \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+Disables the prompt in TTY mode.
+(The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+See the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section) This is mostly for those users that
+do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in dc(1).
+Most of those users would want to put this option in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-x\f[] \f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]
+Enables extended register mode.
+See the \f[I]Extended Register Mode\f[] subsection of the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section for more information.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section) or a command (see the \f[B]COMMANDS\f[]
+section), is processed and executed, in order.
+Input is processed immediately when entered.
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to interpret constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]T\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried with the \f[B]U\f[] command.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[].
+If \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], values are output in scientific
+notation, and if \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]1\f[], values are output in
+engineering notation.
+Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are
+\f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that sets the
+precision of any operations (with exceptions).
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]V\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]seed\f[] is a register containing the current seed for the
+pseudo\-random number generator.
+If the current value of \f[B]seed\f[] is queried and stored, then if it
+is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] later, the pseudo\-random number generator
+is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers
+that were generated after the value of \f[B]seed\f[] was first queried.
+.PP
+Multiple values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] can produce the same sequence
+of pseudo\-random numbers.
+Likewise, when a value is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], it is not
+guaranteed that querying \f[B]seed\f[] immediately after will return the
+same value.
+In addition, the value of \f[B]seed\f[] will change after any call to
+the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command or the \f[B]"\f[] command that does not get
+receive a value of \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+The maximum integer returned by the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command can be
+queried with the \f[B]W\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: The values returned by the pseudo\-random number
+generator with the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] and \f[B]"\f[] commands are guaranteed
+to \f[B]NOT\f[] be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo\-random number generator.
+However, they \f[B]are\f[] guaranteed to be reproducible with identical
+\f[B]seed\f[] values.
+.PP
+The pseudo\-random number generator, \f[B]seed\f[], and all associated
+operations are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+Comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH NUMBERS
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to
+\f[B]F\f[], and at most \f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]F\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]15\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, dc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation.
+These have the form \f[B]<number>e<integer>\f[].
+The power (the portion after the \f[B]e\f[]) must be an integer.
+An example is \f[B]1.89237e9\f[], which is equal to \f[B]1892370000\f[].
+Negative exponents are also allowed, so \f[B]4.2890e_3\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0.0042890\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]WARNING\f[]: Both the number and the exponent in scientific
+notation are interpreted according to the current \f[B]ibase\f[], but
+the number is still multiplied by \f[B]10^exponent\f[] regardless of the
+current \f[B]ibase\f[].
+For example, if \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[] and dc(1) is given the
+number string \f[B]FFeA\f[], the resulting decimal number will be
+\f[B]2550000000000\f[], and if dc(1) is given the number string
+\f[B]10e_4\f[], the resulting decimal number will be \f[B]0.0016\f[].
+.PP
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a \f[B]non\-portable
+extension\f[].
+.SH COMMANDS
+.PP
+The valid commands are listed below.
+.SS Printing
+.PP
+These commands are used for printing.
+.PP
+Note that both scientific notation and engineering notation are
+available for printing numbers.
+Scientific notation is activated by assigning \f[B]0\f[] to
+\f[B]obase\f[] using \f[B]0o\f[], and engineering notation is activated
+by assigning \f[B]1\f[] to \f[B]obase\f[] using \f[B]1o\f[].
+To deactivate them, just assign a different value to \f[B]obase\f[].
+.PP
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and
+prints a newline after.
+.RS
+.PP
+This does not alter the stack.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]n\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops
+it off of the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]P\f[]
+Pops a value off the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+result is printed as though \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] and
+each digit is interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte
+stream.
+.PP
+If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f\f[]
+Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+without altering anything.
+.RS
+.PP
+Users should use this command when they get lost.
+.RE
+.SS Arithmetic
+.PP
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[], and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]~\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered,
+and the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the
+stack.
+This is equivalent to \f[B]x y / x y %\f[] except that \f[B]x\f[] and
+\f[B]y\f[] are only evaluated once.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]v\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and
+the result is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The value popped off of the stack must be non\-negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]_\f[]
+If this command \f[I]immediately\f[] precedes a number (i.e., no spaces
+or other commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+.RS
+.PP
+Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy
+is negated and pushed onto the stack.
+This behavior without a number is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]b\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed
+back onto the stack.
+Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]|\f[]
+The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation
+is computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+integer and non\-zero.
+The second value popped is used as the exponent and must be an integer
+and non\-negative.
+The third value popped is the base and must be an integer.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is
+truncated and pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the
+second is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or
+extension.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]H\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted
+left (radix shifted right) to the value of the first.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]h\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted
+right (radix shifted left) to the value of the first.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]G\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if they are equal, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]N\f[]
+The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a \f[B]0\f[], a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed; otherwise, a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B](\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than the second, or \f[B]0\f[]
+otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]{\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second,
+or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B])\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or
+\f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]}\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the
+second, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]M\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If they are both non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+If either of them is zero, or both of them are, then a \f[B]0\f[] is
+pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]&&\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]m\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If at least one of them is non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the
+stack.
+If both of them are zero, then a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]||\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Pseudo\-Random Number Generator
+.PP
+dc(1) has a built\-in pseudo\-random number generator.
+These commands query the pseudo\-random number generator.
+(See Parameters for more information about the \f[B]seed\f[] value that
+controls the pseudo\-random number generator.)
+.PP
+The pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to \f[B]NOT\f[] be
+cryptographically secure.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\[aq]\f[]
+Generates an integer between 0 and \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[], inclusive (see
+the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]"\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an \f[B]exclusive\f[]
+upper bound on the integer that will be generated.
+If the bound is negative or is a non\-integer, an error is raised, and
+dc(1) resets (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) while \f[B]seed\f[]
+remains unchanged.
+If the bound is larger than \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[], the higher bound is
+honored by generating several pseudo\-random integers, multiplying them
+by appropriate powers of \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX+1\f[], and adding them
+together.
+Thus, the size of integer that can be generated with this command is
+unbounded.
+Using this command will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[], unless the
+operand is \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+In that case, \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack, and \f[B]seed\f[] is
+\f[I]not\f[] changed.
+.RS
+.PP
+The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Stack Control
+.PP
+These commands control the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c\f[]
+Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d\f[]
+Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy
+onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r\f[]
+Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]R\f[]
+Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Register Control
+.PP
+These commands control registers (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section).
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register
+\f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Copies the value in register \f[I]r\f[] and pushes it onto the stack.
+This does not alter the contents of \f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]S\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the
+stack of register \f[I]r\f[].
+The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]L\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack for register \f[I]r\f[] and push
+it onto the main stack.
+The previous value in the stack for register \f[I]r\f[], if any, is now
+accessible via the \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[] command.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Parameters
+.PP
+These commands control the values of \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[],
+\f[B]scale\f[], and \f[B]seed\f[].
+Also see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]i\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and \f[B]16\f[],
+inclusive.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]o\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]obase\f[], which must be between \f[B]0\f[] and
+\f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[], inclusive (see the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section and the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]k\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]scale\f[], which must be non\-negative.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]seed\f[].
+The meaning of \f[B]seed\f[] is dependent on the current pseudo\-random
+number generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major
+versions.
+.RS
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] and sign of the value may be significant.
+.PP
+If a previously used \f[B]seed\f[] value is used again, the
+pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same
+sequence of pseudo\-random numbers as it did when the \f[B]seed\f[]
+value was previously used.
+.PP
+The exact value assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] is not guaranteed to be
+returned if the \f[B]J\f[] command is used.
+However, if \f[B]seed\f[] \f[I]does\f[] return a different value, both
+values, when assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], are guaranteed to produce the
+same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers.
+This means that certain values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] will not
+produce unique sequences of pseudo\-random numbers.
+.PP
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits)
+or \f[I]scale\f[] of the value that can be assigned to \f[B]seed\f[].
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]I\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]O\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]K\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]J\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]seed\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]T\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]U\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]V\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]W\f[]
+Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the
+\f[B]\[aq]\f[] pseudo\-random number generator command.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Strings
+.PP
+The following commands control strings.
+.PP
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) can hold both strings and numbers.
+dc(1) always knows whether the contents of a register are a string or a
+number.
+.PP
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an
+error if given a string, other commands accept strings.
+.PP
+Strings can also be executed as macros.
+For example, if the string \f[B][1pR]\f[] is executed as a macro, then
+the code \f[B]1pR\f[] is executed, meaning that the \f[B]1\f[] will be
+printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B][\f[]\f[I]characters\f[]\f[B]]\f[]
+Makes a string containing \f[I]characters\f[] and pushes it onto the
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If there are brackets (\f[B][\f[] and \f[B]]\f[]) in the string, then
+they must be balanced.
+Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (\f[B]\\\f[])
+character.
+.PP
+If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+(even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the
+(first) backslash is not.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a\f[]
+The value on top of the stack is popped.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken.
+The result mod \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] is calculated.
+If that result is \f[B]0\f[], push an empty string; otherwise, push a
+one\-character string where the character is the result of the mod
+interpreted as an ASCII character.
+.PP
+If it is a string, then a new string is made.
+If the original string is empty, the new string is empty.
+If it is not, then the first character of the original string is used to
+create the new string as a one\-character string.
+The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]x\f[]
+Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+.PP
+This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+For example, \f[B]0 1>a\f[] will execute the contents of register
+\f[B]a\f[], and \f[B]1 0>a\f[] will not.
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is less than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register
+\f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]?\f[]
+Reads a line from the \f[B]stdin\f[] and executes it.
+This is to allow macros to request input from users.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]q\f[]
+During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and
+the execution of the macro that executed it.
+If there are no macros, or only one macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Q\f[]
+Pops a value from the stack which must be non\-negative and is used the
+number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack.
+If the number of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing
+macros, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Status
+.PP
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Z\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits
+it has and pushes the result.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]X\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, pushes the \f[I]scale\f[] of the value onto the
+stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes \f[B]0\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]z\f[]
+Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Arrays
+.PP
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]:\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the top two values off of the stack.
+The second value will be stored in the array \f[I]r\f[] (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section), indexed by the first value.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B];\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the
+array \f[I]r\f[].
+The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH REGISTERS
+.PP
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays.
+(Number/string registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+.PP
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is
+the top of the stack for the register.
+All registers, when first referenced, have one value (\f[B]0\f[]) in
+their stack.
+.PP
+In non\-extended register mode, a register name is just the single
+character that follows any command that needs a register name.
+The only exception is a newline (\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]); it is a parse
+error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+.SS Extended Register Mode
+.PP
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly
+unlimited amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+.PP
+If extended register mode is enabled (\f[B]\-x\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[] command\-line arguments are given), then
+normal single character registers are used \f[I]unless\f[] the character
+immediately following a command that needs a register name is a space
+(according to \f[B]isspace()\f[]) and not a newline
+(\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]).
+.PP
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+\f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[] (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse
+error if the next non\-space characters do not match that regex.
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all macros returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most dc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This dc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+dc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[]
+The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command,
+if dc(1).
+Set at \f[B]2^DC_LONG_BIT\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to dc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs.
+Another use would be to use the \f[B]\-e\f[] option to set
+\f[B]scale\f[] to a value other than \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "dc"
+file.dc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), dc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash newline combo.
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, using a negative number as a bound for the
+pseudo\-random number generator, attempting to convert a negative number
+to a hardware integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware
+integer, and attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is
+required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]), places (\f[B]\@\f[]), left shift (\f[B]H\f[]), and
+right shift (\f[B]h\f[]) operators.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, and using a
+token where it is invalid.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, and attempting an operation when the
+stack has too few elements.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (dc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+dc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If dc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If dc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to dc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause dc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+bc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the
+bc(1) IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HN.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HNP.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HNP.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HNP.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1380 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "DC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH Name
+.PP
+dc \- arbitrary\-precision reverse\-Polish notation calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]dc\f[] [\f[B]\-hiPvVx\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+dc(1) is an arbitrary\-precision calculator.
+It uses a stack (reverse Polish notation) to store numbers and results
+of computations.
+Arithmetic operations pop arguments off of the stack and push the
+results.
+.PP
+If no files are given on the command\-line as extra arguments (i.e., not
+as \f[B]\-f\f[] or \f[B]\-\-file\f[] arguments), then dc(1) reads from
+\f[B]stdin\f[].
+Otherwise, those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+.PP
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where \f[B]\-e\f[] (\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]) and
+\f[B]\-f\f[] (\f[B]\-\-file\f[]) arguments cause dc(1) to execute them
+and exit.
+The reason for this is that this dc(1) allows users to set arguments in
+the environment variable \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT
+VARIABLES\f[] section).
+Any expressions given on the command\-line should be used to set up a
+standard environment.
+For example, if a user wants the \f[B]scale\f[] always set to
+\f[B]10\f[], they can set \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] to \f[B]\-e 10k\f[], and
+this dc(1) will always start with a \f[B]scale\f[] of \f[B]10\f[].
+.PP
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and \f[B]\-f\f[] arguments (and their equivalents), then
+they can just simply add \f[B]\-e q\f[] as the last command\-line
+argument or define the environment variable \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+This option is a no\-op.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-x\f[] \f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]
+Enables extended register mode.
+See the \f[I]Extended Register Mode\f[] subsection of the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section for more information.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section) or a command (see the \f[B]COMMANDS\f[]
+section), is processed and executed, in order.
+Input is processed immediately when entered.
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to interpret constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]T\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried with the \f[B]U\f[] command.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[].
+If \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], values are output in scientific
+notation, and if \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]1\f[], values are output in
+engineering notation.
+Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are
+\f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that sets the
+precision of any operations (with exceptions).
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]V\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]seed\f[] is a register containing the current seed for the
+pseudo\-random number generator.
+If the current value of \f[B]seed\f[] is queried and stored, then if it
+is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] later, the pseudo\-random number generator
+is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers
+that were generated after the value of \f[B]seed\f[] was first queried.
+.PP
+Multiple values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] can produce the same sequence
+of pseudo\-random numbers.
+Likewise, when a value is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], it is not
+guaranteed that querying \f[B]seed\f[] immediately after will return the
+same value.
+In addition, the value of \f[B]seed\f[] will change after any call to
+the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command or the \f[B]"\f[] command that does not get
+receive a value of \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+The maximum integer returned by the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command can be
+queried with the \f[B]W\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: The values returned by the pseudo\-random number
+generator with the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] and \f[B]"\f[] commands are guaranteed
+to \f[B]NOT\f[] be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo\-random number generator.
+However, they \f[B]are\f[] guaranteed to be reproducible with identical
+\f[B]seed\f[] values.
+.PP
+The pseudo\-random number generator, \f[B]seed\f[], and all associated
+operations are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+Comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH NUMBERS
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to
+\f[B]F\f[], and at most \f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]F\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]15\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, dc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation.
+These have the form \f[B]<number>e<integer>\f[].
+The power (the portion after the \f[B]e\f[]) must be an integer.
+An example is \f[B]1.89237e9\f[], which is equal to \f[B]1892370000\f[].
+Negative exponents are also allowed, so \f[B]4.2890e_3\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0.0042890\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]WARNING\f[]: Both the number and the exponent in scientific
+notation are interpreted according to the current \f[B]ibase\f[], but
+the number is still multiplied by \f[B]10^exponent\f[] regardless of the
+current \f[B]ibase\f[].
+For example, if \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[] and dc(1) is given the
+number string \f[B]FFeA\f[], the resulting decimal number will be
+\f[B]2550000000000\f[], and if dc(1) is given the number string
+\f[B]10e_4\f[], the resulting decimal number will be \f[B]0.0016\f[].
+.PP
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a \f[B]non\-portable
+extension\f[].
+.SH COMMANDS
+.PP
+The valid commands are listed below.
+.SS Printing
+.PP
+These commands are used for printing.
+.PP
+Note that both scientific notation and engineering notation are
+available for printing numbers.
+Scientific notation is activated by assigning \f[B]0\f[] to
+\f[B]obase\f[] using \f[B]0o\f[], and engineering notation is activated
+by assigning \f[B]1\f[] to \f[B]obase\f[] using \f[B]1o\f[].
+To deactivate them, just assign a different value to \f[B]obase\f[].
+.PP
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and
+prints a newline after.
+.RS
+.PP
+This does not alter the stack.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]n\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops
+it off of the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]P\f[]
+Pops a value off the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+result is printed as though \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] and
+each digit is interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte
+stream.
+.PP
+If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f\f[]
+Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+without altering anything.
+.RS
+.PP
+Users should use this command when they get lost.
+.RE
+.SS Arithmetic
+.PP
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[], and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]~\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered,
+and the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the
+stack.
+This is equivalent to \f[B]x y / x y %\f[] except that \f[B]x\f[] and
+\f[B]y\f[] are only evaluated once.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]v\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and
+the result is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The value popped off of the stack must be non\-negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]_\f[]
+If this command \f[I]immediately\f[] precedes a number (i.e., no spaces
+or other commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+.RS
+.PP
+Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy
+is negated and pushed onto the stack.
+This behavior without a number is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]b\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed
+back onto the stack.
+Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]|\f[]
+The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation
+is computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+integer and non\-zero.
+The second value popped is used as the exponent and must be an integer
+and non\-negative.
+The third value popped is the base and must be an integer.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is
+truncated and pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the
+second is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or
+extension.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]H\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted
+left (radix shifted right) to the value of the first.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]h\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted
+right (radix shifted left) to the value of the first.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]G\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if they are equal, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]N\f[]
+The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a \f[B]0\f[], a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed; otherwise, a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B](\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than the second, or \f[B]0\f[]
+otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]{\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second,
+or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B])\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or
+\f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]}\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the
+second, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]M\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If they are both non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+If either of them is zero, or both of them are, then a \f[B]0\f[] is
+pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]&&\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]m\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If at least one of them is non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the
+stack.
+If both of them are zero, then a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]||\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Pseudo\-Random Number Generator
+.PP
+dc(1) has a built\-in pseudo\-random number generator.
+These commands query the pseudo\-random number generator.
+(See Parameters for more information about the \f[B]seed\f[] value that
+controls the pseudo\-random number generator.)
+.PP
+The pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to \f[B]NOT\f[] be
+cryptographically secure.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\[aq]\f[]
+Generates an integer between 0 and \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[], inclusive (see
+the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]"\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an \f[B]exclusive\f[]
+upper bound on the integer that will be generated.
+If the bound is negative or is a non\-integer, an error is raised, and
+dc(1) resets (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) while \f[B]seed\f[]
+remains unchanged.
+If the bound is larger than \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[], the higher bound is
+honored by generating several pseudo\-random integers, multiplying them
+by appropriate powers of \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX+1\f[], and adding them
+together.
+Thus, the size of integer that can be generated with this command is
+unbounded.
+Using this command will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[], unless the
+operand is \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+In that case, \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack, and \f[B]seed\f[] is
+\f[I]not\f[] changed.
+.RS
+.PP
+The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Stack Control
+.PP
+These commands control the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c\f[]
+Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d\f[]
+Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy
+onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r\f[]
+Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]R\f[]
+Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Register Control
+.PP
+These commands control registers (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section).
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register
+\f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Copies the value in register \f[I]r\f[] and pushes it onto the stack.
+This does not alter the contents of \f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]S\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the
+stack of register \f[I]r\f[].
+The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]L\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack for register \f[I]r\f[] and push
+it onto the main stack.
+The previous value in the stack for register \f[I]r\f[], if any, is now
+accessible via the \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[] command.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Parameters
+.PP
+These commands control the values of \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[],
+\f[B]scale\f[], and \f[B]seed\f[].
+Also see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]i\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and \f[B]16\f[],
+inclusive.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]o\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]obase\f[], which must be between \f[B]0\f[] and
+\f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[], inclusive (see the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section and the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]k\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]scale\f[], which must be non\-negative.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]seed\f[].
+The meaning of \f[B]seed\f[] is dependent on the current pseudo\-random
+number generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major
+versions.
+.RS
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] and sign of the value may be significant.
+.PP
+If a previously used \f[B]seed\f[] value is used again, the
+pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same
+sequence of pseudo\-random numbers as it did when the \f[B]seed\f[]
+value was previously used.
+.PP
+The exact value assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] is not guaranteed to be
+returned if the \f[B]J\f[] command is used.
+However, if \f[B]seed\f[] \f[I]does\f[] return a different value, both
+values, when assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], are guaranteed to produce the
+same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers.
+This means that certain values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] will not
+produce unique sequences of pseudo\-random numbers.
+.PP
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits)
+or \f[I]scale\f[] of the value that can be assigned to \f[B]seed\f[].
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]I\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]O\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]K\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]J\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]seed\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]T\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]U\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]V\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]W\f[]
+Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the
+\f[B]\[aq]\f[] pseudo\-random number generator command.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Strings
+.PP
+The following commands control strings.
+.PP
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) can hold both strings and numbers.
+dc(1) always knows whether the contents of a register are a string or a
+number.
+.PP
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an
+error if given a string, other commands accept strings.
+.PP
+Strings can also be executed as macros.
+For example, if the string \f[B][1pR]\f[] is executed as a macro, then
+the code \f[B]1pR\f[] is executed, meaning that the \f[B]1\f[] will be
+printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B][\f[]\f[I]characters\f[]\f[B]]\f[]
+Makes a string containing \f[I]characters\f[] and pushes it onto the
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If there are brackets (\f[B][\f[] and \f[B]]\f[]) in the string, then
+they must be balanced.
+Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (\f[B]\\\f[])
+character.
+.PP
+If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+(even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the
+(first) backslash is not.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a\f[]
+The value on top of the stack is popped.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken.
+The result mod \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] is calculated.
+If that result is \f[B]0\f[], push an empty string; otherwise, push a
+one\-character string where the character is the result of the mod
+interpreted as an ASCII character.
+.PP
+If it is a string, then a new string is made.
+If the original string is empty, the new string is empty.
+If it is not, then the first character of the original string is used to
+create the new string as a one\-character string.
+The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]x\f[]
+Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+.PP
+This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+For example, \f[B]0 1>a\f[] will execute the contents of register
+\f[B]a\f[], and \f[B]1 0>a\f[] will not.
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is less than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register
+\f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]?\f[]
+Reads a line from the \f[B]stdin\f[] and executes it.
+This is to allow macros to request input from users.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]q\f[]
+During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and
+the execution of the macro that executed it.
+If there are no macros, or only one macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Q\f[]
+Pops a value from the stack which must be non\-negative and is used the
+number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack.
+If the number of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing
+macros, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Status
+.PP
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Z\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits
+it has and pushes the result.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]X\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, pushes the \f[I]scale\f[] of the value onto the
+stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes \f[B]0\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]z\f[]
+Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Arrays
+.PP
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]:\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the top two values off of the stack.
+The second value will be stored in the array \f[I]r\f[] (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section), indexed by the first value.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B];\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the
+array \f[I]r\f[].
+The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH REGISTERS
+.PP
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays.
+(Number/string registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+.PP
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is
+the top of the stack for the register.
+All registers, when first referenced, have one value (\f[B]0\f[]) in
+their stack.
+.PP
+In non\-extended register mode, a register name is just the single
+character that follows any command that needs a register name.
+The only exception is a newline (\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]); it is a parse
+error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+.SS Extended Register Mode
+.PP
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly
+unlimited amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+.PP
+If extended register mode is enabled (\f[B]\-x\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[] command\-line arguments are given), then
+normal single character registers are used \f[I]unless\f[] the character
+immediately following a command that needs a register name is a space
+(according to \f[B]isspace()\f[]) and not a newline
+(\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]).
+.PP
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+\f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[] (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse
+error if the next non\-space characters do not match that regex.
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all macros returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most dc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This dc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+dc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[]
+The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command,
+if dc(1).
+Set at \f[B]2^DC_LONG_BIT\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to dc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs.
+Another use would be to use the \f[B]\-e\f[] option to set
+\f[B]scale\f[] to a value other than \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "dc"
+file.dc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), dc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash newline combo.
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, using a negative number as a bound for the
+pseudo\-random number generator, attempting to convert a negative number
+to a hardware integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware
+integer, and attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is
+required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]), places (\f[B]\@\f[]), left shift (\f[B]H\f[]), and
+right shift (\f[B]h\f[]) operators.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, and using a
+token where it is invalid.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, and attempting an operation when the
+stack has too few elements.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (dc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+dc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If dc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If dc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to dc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause dc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+bc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the
+bc(1) IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HNP.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HP.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HP.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HP.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1384 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "DC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH Name
+.PP
+dc \- arbitrary\-precision reverse\-Polish notation calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]dc\f[] [\f[B]\-hiPvVx\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+dc(1) is an arbitrary\-precision calculator.
+It uses a stack (reverse Polish notation) to store numbers and results
+of computations.
+Arithmetic operations pop arguments off of the stack and push the
+results.
+.PP
+If no files are given on the command\-line as extra arguments (i.e., not
+as \f[B]\-f\f[] or \f[B]\-\-file\f[] arguments), then dc(1) reads from
+\f[B]stdin\f[].
+Otherwise, those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+.PP
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where \f[B]\-e\f[] (\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]) and
+\f[B]\-f\f[] (\f[B]\-\-file\f[]) arguments cause dc(1) to execute them
+and exit.
+The reason for this is that this dc(1) allows users to set arguments in
+the environment variable \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT
+VARIABLES\f[] section).
+Any expressions given on the command\-line should be used to set up a
+standard environment.
+For example, if a user wants the \f[B]scale\f[] always set to
+\f[B]10\f[], they can set \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] to \f[B]\-e 10k\f[], and
+this dc(1) will always start with a \f[B]scale\f[] of \f[B]10\f[].
+.PP
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and \f[B]\-f\f[] arguments (and their equivalents), then
+they can just simply add \f[B]\-e q\f[] as the last command\-line
+argument or define the environment variable \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+This option is a no\-op.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-x\f[] \f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]
+Enables extended register mode.
+See the \f[I]Extended Register Mode\f[] subsection of the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section for more information.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section) or a command (see the \f[B]COMMANDS\f[]
+section), is processed and executed, in order.
+Input is processed immediately when entered.
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to interpret constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]T\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried with the \f[B]U\f[] command.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[].
+If \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], values are output in scientific
+notation, and if \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]1\f[], values are output in
+engineering notation.
+Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are
+\f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that sets the
+precision of any operations (with exceptions).
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]V\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]seed\f[] is a register containing the current seed for the
+pseudo\-random number generator.
+If the current value of \f[B]seed\f[] is queried and stored, then if it
+is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] later, the pseudo\-random number generator
+is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers
+that were generated after the value of \f[B]seed\f[] was first queried.
+.PP
+Multiple values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] can produce the same sequence
+of pseudo\-random numbers.
+Likewise, when a value is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], it is not
+guaranteed that querying \f[B]seed\f[] immediately after will return the
+same value.
+In addition, the value of \f[B]seed\f[] will change after any call to
+the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command or the \f[B]"\f[] command that does not get
+receive a value of \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+The maximum integer returned by the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command can be
+queried with the \f[B]W\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: The values returned by the pseudo\-random number
+generator with the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] and \f[B]"\f[] commands are guaranteed
+to \f[B]NOT\f[] be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo\-random number generator.
+However, they \f[B]are\f[] guaranteed to be reproducible with identical
+\f[B]seed\f[] values.
+.PP
+The pseudo\-random number generator, \f[B]seed\f[], and all associated
+operations are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+Comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH NUMBERS
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to
+\f[B]F\f[], and at most \f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]F\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]15\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, dc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation.
+These have the form \f[B]<number>e<integer>\f[].
+The power (the portion after the \f[B]e\f[]) must be an integer.
+An example is \f[B]1.89237e9\f[], which is equal to \f[B]1892370000\f[].
+Negative exponents are also allowed, so \f[B]4.2890e_3\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0.0042890\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]WARNING\f[]: Both the number and the exponent in scientific
+notation are interpreted according to the current \f[B]ibase\f[], but
+the number is still multiplied by \f[B]10^exponent\f[] regardless of the
+current \f[B]ibase\f[].
+For example, if \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[] and dc(1) is given the
+number string \f[B]FFeA\f[], the resulting decimal number will be
+\f[B]2550000000000\f[], and if dc(1) is given the number string
+\f[B]10e_4\f[], the resulting decimal number will be \f[B]0.0016\f[].
+.PP
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a \f[B]non\-portable
+extension\f[].
+.SH COMMANDS
+.PP
+The valid commands are listed below.
+.SS Printing
+.PP
+These commands are used for printing.
+.PP
+Note that both scientific notation and engineering notation are
+available for printing numbers.
+Scientific notation is activated by assigning \f[B]0\f[] to
+\f[B]obase\f[] using \f[B]0o\f[], and engineering notation is activated
+by assigning \f[B]1\f[] to \f[B]obase\f[] using \f[B]1o\f[].
+To deactivate them, just assign a different value to \f[B]obase\f[].
+.PP
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and
+prints a newline after.
+.RS
+.PP
+This does not alter the stack.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]n\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops
+it off of the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]P\f[]
+Pops a value off the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+result is printed as though \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] and
+each digit is interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte
+stream.
+.PP
+If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f\f[]
+Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+without altering anything.
+.RS
+.PP
+Users should use this command when they get lost.
+.RE
+.SS Arithmetic
+.PP
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[], and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]~\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered,
+and the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the
+stack.
+This is equivalent to \f[B]x y / x y %\f[] except that \f[B]x\f[] and
+\f[B]y\f[] are only evaluated once.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]v\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and
+the result is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The value popped off of the stack must be non\-negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]_\f[]
+If this command \f[I]immediately\f[] precedes a number (i.e., no spaces
+or other commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+.RS
+.PP
+Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy
+is negated and pushed onto the stack.
+This behavior without a number is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]b\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed
+back onto the stack.
+Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]|\f[]
+The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation
+is computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+integer and non\-zero.
+The second value popped is used as the exponent and must be an integer
+and non\-negative.
+The third value popped is the base and must be an integer.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is
+truncated and pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the
+second is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or
+extension.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]H\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted
+left (radix shifted right) to the value of the first.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]h\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted
+right (radix shifted left) to the value of the first.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]G\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if they are equal, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]N\f[]
+The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a \f[B]0\f[], a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed; otherwise, a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B](\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than the second, or \f[B]0\f[]
+otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]{\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second,
+or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B])\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or
+\f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]}\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the
+second, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]M\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If they are both non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+If either of them is zero, or both of them are, then a \f[B]0\f[] is
+pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]&&\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]m\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If at least one of them is non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the
+stack.
+If both of them are zero, then a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]||\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Pseudo\-Random Number Generator
+.PP
+dc(1) has a built\-in pseudo\-random number generator.
+These commands query the pseudo\-random number generator.
+(See Parameters for more information about the \f[B]seed\f[] value that
+controls the pseudo\-random number generator.)
+.PP
+The pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to \f[B]NOT\f[] be
+cryptographically secure.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\[aq]\f[]
+Generates an integer between 0 and \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[], inclusive (see
+the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]"\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an \f[B]exclusive\f[]
+upper bound on the integer that will be generated.
+If the bound is negative or is a non\-integer, an error is raised, and
+dc(1) resets (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) while \f[B]seed\f[]
+remains unchanged.
+If the bound is larger than \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[], the higher bound is
+honored by generating several pseudo\-random integers, multiplying them
+by appropriate powers of \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX+1\f[], and adding them
+together.
+Thus, the size of integer that can be generated with this command is
+unbounded.
+Using this command will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[], unless the
+operand is \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+In that case, \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack, and \f[B]seed\f[] is
+\f[I]not\f[] changed.
+.RS
+.PP
+The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Stack Control
+.PP
+These commands control the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c\f[]
+Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d\f[]
+Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy
+onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r\f[]
+Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]R\f[]
+Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Register Control
+.PP
+These commands control registers (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section).
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register
+\f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Copies the value in register \f[I]r\f[] and pushes it onto the stack.
+This does not alter the contents of \f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]S\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the
+stack of register \f[I]r\f[].
+The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]L\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack for register \f[I]r\f[] and push
+it onto the main stack.
+The previous value in the stack for register \f[I]r\f[], if any, is now
+accessible via the \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[] command.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Parameters
+.PP
+These commands control the values of \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[],
+\f[B]scale\f[], and \f[B]seed\f[].
+Also see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]i\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and \f[B]16\f[],
+inclusive.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]o\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]obase\f[], which must be between \f[B]0\f[] and
+\f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[], inclusive (see the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section and the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]k\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]scale\f[], which must be non\-negative.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]seed\f[].
+The meaning of \f[B]seed\f[] is dependent on the current pseudo\-random
+number generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major
+versions.
+.RS
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] and sign of the value may be significant.
+.PP
+If a previously used \f[B]seed\f[] value is used again, the
+pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same
+sequence of pseudo\-random numbers as it did when the \f[B]seed\f[]
+value was previously used.
+.PP
+The exact value assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] is not guaranteed to be
+returned if the \f[B]J\f[] command is used.
+However, if \f[B]seed\f[] \f[I]does\f[] return a different value, both
+values, when assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], are guaranteed to produce the
+same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers.
+This means that certain values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] will not
+produce unique sequences of pseudo\-random numbers.
+.PP
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits)
+or \f[I]scale\f[] of the value that can be assigned to \f[B]seed\f[].
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]I\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]O\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]K\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]J\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]seed\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]T\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]U\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]V\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]W\f[]
+Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the
+\f[B]\[aq]\f[] pseudo\-random number generator command.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Strings
+.PP
+The following commands control strings.
+.PP
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) can hold both strings and numbers.
+dc(1) always knows whether the contents of a register are a string or a
+number.
+.PP
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an
+error if given a string, other commands accept strings.
+.PP
+Strings can also be executed as macros.
+For example, if the string \f[B][1pR]\f[] is executed as a macro, then
+the code \f[B]1pR\f[] is executed, meaning that the \f[B]1\f[] will be
+printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B][\f[]\f[I]characters\f[]\f[B]]\f[]
+Makes a string containing \f[I]characters\f[] and pushes it onto the
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If there are brackets (\f[B][\f[] and \f[B]]\f[]) in the string, then
+they must be balanced.
+Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (\f[B]\\\f[])
+character.
+.PP
+If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+(even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the
+(first) backslash is not.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a\f[]
+The value on top of the stack is popped.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken.
+The result mod \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] is calculated.
+If that result is \f[B]0\f[], push an empty string; otherwise, push a
+one\-character string where the character is the result of the mod
+interpreted as an ASCII character.
+.PP
+If it is a string, then a new string is made.
+If the original string is empty, the new string is empty.
+If it is not, then the first character of the original string is used to
+create the new string as a one\-character string.
+The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]x\f[]
+Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+.PP
+This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+For example, \f[B]0 1>a\f[] will execute the contents of register
+\f[B]a\f[], and \f[B]1 0>a\f[] will not.
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is less than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register
+\f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]?\f[]
+Reads a line from the \f[B]stdin\f[] and executes it.
+This is to allow macros to request input from users.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]q\f[]
+During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and
+the execution of the macro that executed it.
+If there are no macros, or only one macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Q\f[]
+Pops a value from the stack which must be non\-negative and is used the
+number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack.
+If the number of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing
+macros, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Status
+.PP
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Z\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits
+it has and pushes the result.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]X\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, pushes the \f[I]scale\f[] of the value onto the
+stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes \f[B]0\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]z\f[]
+Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Arrays
+.PP
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]:\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the top two values off of the stack.
+The second value will be stored in the array \f[I]r\f[] (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section), indexed by the first value.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B];\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the
+array \f[I]r\f[].
+The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH REGISTERS
+.PP
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays.
+(Number/string registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+.PP
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is
+the top of the stack for the register.
+All registers, when first referenced, have one value (\f[B]0\f[]) in
+their stack.
+.PP
+In non\-extended register mode, a register name is just the single
+character that follows any command that needs a register name.
+The only exception is a newline (\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]); it is a parse
+error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+.SS Extended Register Mode
+.PP
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly
+unlimited amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+.PP
+If extended register mode is enabled (\f[B]\-x\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[] command\-line arguments are given), then
+normal single character registers are used \f[I]unless\f[] the character
+immediately following a command that needs a register name is a space
+(according to \f[B]isspace()\f[]) and not a newline
+(\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]).
+.PP
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+\f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[] (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse
+error if the next non\-space characters do not match that regex.
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all macros returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most dc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This dc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+dc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[]
+The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command,
+if dc(1).
+Set at \f[B]2^DC_LONG_BIT\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to dc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs.
+Another use would be to use the \f[B]\-e\f[] option to set
+\f[B]scale\f[] to a value other than \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "dc"
+file.dc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), dc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash newline combo.
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, using a negative number as a bound for the
+pseudo\-random number generator, attempting to convert a negative number
+to a hardware integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware
+integer, and attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is
+required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]), places (\f[B]\@\f[]), left shift (\f[B]H\f[]), and
+right shift (\f[B]h\f[]) operators.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, and using a
+token where it is invalid.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, and attempting an operation when the
+stack has too few elements.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (dc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+dc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If dc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If dc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to dc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause dc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+.SH LOCALES
+.PP
+This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different
+locales and thus, supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGS\f[].
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+bc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the
+bc(1) IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HP.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/N.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/N.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/N.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1402 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "DC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH Name
+.PP
+dc \- arbitrary\-precision reverse\-Polish notation calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]dc\f[] [\f[B]\-hiPvVx\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+dc(1) is an arbitrary\-precision calculator.
+It uses a stack (reverse Polish notation) to store numbers and results
+of computations.
+Arithmetic operations pop arguments off of the stack and push the
+results.
+.PP
+If no files are given on the command\-line as extra arguments (i.e., not
+as \f[B]\-f\f[] or \f[B]\-\-file\f[] arguments), then dc(1) reads from
+\f[B]stdin\f[].
+Otherwise, those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+.PP
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where \f[B]\-e\f[] (\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]) and
+\f[B]\-f\f[] (\f[B]\-\-file\f[]) arguments cause dc(1) to execute them
+and exit.
+The reason for this is that this dc(1) allows users to set arguments in
+the environment variable \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT
+VARIABLES\f[] section).
+Any expressions given on the command\-line should be used to set up a
+standard environment.
+For example, if a user wants the \f[B]scale\f[] always set to
+\f[B]10\f[], they can set \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] to \f[B]\-e 10k\f[], and
+this dc(1) will always start with a \f[B]scale\f[] of \f[B]10\f[].
+.PP
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and \f[B]\-f\f[] arguments (and their equivalents), then
+they can just simply add \f[B]\-e q\f[] as the last command\-line
+argument or define the environment variable \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+Disables the prompt in TTY mode.
+(The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+See the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section) This is mostly for those users that
+do not want a prompt or are not used to having them in dc(1).
+Most of those users would want to put this option in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-x\f[] \f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]
+Enables extended register mode.
+See the \f[I]Extended Register Mode\f[] subsection of the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section for more information.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section) or a command (see the \f[B]COMMANDS\f[]
+section), is processed and executed, in order.
+Input is processed immediately when entered.
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to interpret constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]T\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried with the \f[B]U\f[] command.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[].
+If \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], values are output in scientific
+notation, and if \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]1\f[], values are output in
+engineering notation.
+Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are
+\f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that sets the
+precision of any operations (with exceptions).
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]V\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]seed\f[] is a register containing the current seed for the
+pseudo\-random number generator.
+If the current value of \f[B]seed\f[] is queried and stored, then if it
+is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] later, the pseudo\-random number generator
+is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers
+that were generated after the value of \f[B]seed\f[] was first queried.
+.PP
+Multiple values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] can produce the same sequence
+of pseudo\-random numbers.
+Likewise, when a value is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], it is not
+guaranteed that querying \f[B]seed\f[] immediately after will return the
+same value.
+In addition, the value of \f[B]seed\f[] will change after any call to
+the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command or the \f[B]"\f[] command that does not get
+receive a value of \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+The maximum integer returned by the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command can be
+queried with the \f[B]W\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: The values returned by the pseudo\-random number
+generator with the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] and \f[B]"\f[] commands are guaranteed
+to \f[B]NOT\f[] be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo\-random number generator.
+However, they \f[B]are\f[] guaranteed to be reproducible with identical
+\f[B]seed\f[] values.
+.PP
+The pseudo\-random number generator, \f[B]seed\f[], and all associated
+operations are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+Comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH NUMBERS
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to
+\f[B]F\f[], and at most \f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]F\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]15\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, dc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation.
+These have the form \f[B]<number>e<integer>\f[].
+The power (the portion after the \f[B]e\f[]) must be an integer.
+An example is \f[B]1.89237e9\f[], which is equal to \f[B]1892370000\f[].
+Negative exponents are also allowed, so \f[B]4.2890e_3\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0.0042890\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]WARNING\f[]: Both the number and the exponent in scientific
+notation are interpreted according to the current \f[B]ibase\f[], but
+the number is still multiplied by \f[B]10^exponent\f[] regardless of the
+current \f[B]ibase\f[].
+For example, if \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[] and dc(1) is given the
+number string \f[B]FFeA\f[], the resulting decimal number will be
+\f[B]2550000000000\f[], and if dc(1) is given the number string
+\f[B]10e_4\f[], the resulting decimal number will be \f[B]0.0016\f[].
+.PP
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a \f[B]non\-portable
+extension\f[].
+.SH COMMANDS
+.PP
+The valid commands are listed below.
+.SS Printing
+.PP
+These commands are used for printing.
+.PP
+Note that both scientific notation and engineering notation are
+available for printing numbers.
+Scientific notation is activated by assigning \f[B]0\f[] to
+\f[B]obase\f[] using \f[B]0o\f[], and engineering notation is activated
+by assigning \f[B]1\f[] to \f[B]obase\f[] using \f[B]1o\f[].
+To deactivate them, just assign a different value to \f[B]obase\f[].
+.PP
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and
+prints a newline after.
+.RS
+.PP
+This does not alter the stack.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]n\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops
+it off of the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]P\f[]
+Pops a value off the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+result is printed as though \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] and
+each digit is interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte
+stream.
+.PP
+If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f\f[]
+Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+without altering anything.
+.RS
+.PP
+Users should use this command when they get lost.
+.RE
+.SS Arithmetic
+.PP
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[], and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]~\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered,
+and the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the
+stack.
+This is equivalent to \f[B]x y / x y %\f[] except that \f[B]x\f[] and
+\f[B]y\f[] are only evaluated once.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]v\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and
+the result is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The value popped off of the stack must be non\-negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]_\f[]
+If this command \f[I]immediately\f[] precedes a number (i.e., no spaces
+or other commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+.RS
+.PP
+Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy
+is negated and pushed onto the stack.
+This behavior without a number is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]b\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed
+back onto the stack.
+Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]|\f[]
+The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation
+is computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+integer and non\-zero.
+The second value popped is used as the exponent and must be an integer
+and non\-negative.
+The third value popped is the base and must be an integer.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is
+truncated and pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the
+second is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or
+extension.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]H\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted
+left (radix shifted right) to the value of the first.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]h\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted
+right (radix shifted left) to the value of the first.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]G\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if they are equal, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]N\f[]
+The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a \f[B]0\f[], a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed; otherwise, a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B](\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than the second, or \f[B]0\f[]
+otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]{\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second,
+or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B])\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or
+\f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]}\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the
+second, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]M\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If they are both non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+If either of them is zero, or both of them are, then a \f[B]0\f[] is
+pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]&&\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]m\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If at least one of them is non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the
+stack.
+If both of them are zero, then a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]||\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Pseudo\-Random Number Generator
+.PP
+dc(1) has a built\-in pseudo\-random number generator.
+These commands query the pseudo\-random number generator.
+(See Parameters for more information about the \f[B]seed\f[] value that
+controls the pseudo\-random number generator.)
+.PP
+The pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to \f[B]NOT\f[] be
+cryptographically secure.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\[aq]\f[]
+Generates an integer between 0 and \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[], inclusive (see
+the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]"\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an \f[B]exclusive\f[]
+upper bound on the integer that will be generated.
+If the bound is negative or is a non\-integer, an error is raised, and
+dc(1) resets (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) while \f[B]seed\f[]
+remains unchanged.
+If the bound is larger than \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[], the higher bound is
+honored by generating several pseudo\-random integers, multiplying them
+by appropriate powers of \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX+1\f[], and adding them
+together.
+Thus, the size of integer that can be generated with this command is
+unbounded.
+Using this command will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[], unless the
+operand is \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+In that case, \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack, and \f[B]seed\f[] is
+\f[I]not\f[] changed.
+.RS
+.PP
+The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Stack Control
+.PP
+These commands control the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c\f[]
+Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d\f[]
+Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy
+onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r\f[]
+Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]R\f[]
+Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Register Control
+.PP
+These commands control registers (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section).
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register
+\f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Copies the value in register \f[I]r\f[] and pushes it onto the stack.
+This does not alter the contents of \f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]S\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the
+stack of register \f[I]r\f[].
+The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]L\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack for register \f[I]r\f[] and push
+it onto the main stack.
+The previous value in the stack for register \f[I]r\f[], if any, is now
+accessible via the \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[] command.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Parameters
+.PP
+These commands control the values of \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[],
+\f[B]scale\f[], and \f[B]seed\f[].
+Also see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]i\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and \f[B]16\f[],
+inclusive.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]o\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]obase\f[], which must be between \f[B]0\f[] and
+\f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[], inclusive (see the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section and the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]k\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]scale\f[], which must be non\-negative.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]seed\f[].
+The meaning of \f[B]seed\f[] is dependent on the current pseudo\-random
+number generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major
+versions.
+.RS
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] and sign of the value may be significant.
+.PP
+If a previously used \f[B]seed\f[] value is used again, the
+pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same
+sequence of pseudo\-random numbers as it did when the \f[B]seed\f[]
+value was previously used.
+.PP
+The exact value assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] is not guaranteed to be
+returned if the \f[B]J\f[] command is used.
+However, if \f[B]seed\f[] \f[I]does\f[] return a different value, both
+values, when assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], are guaranteed to produce the
+same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers.
+This means that certain values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] will not
+produce unique sequences of pseudo\-random numbers.
+.PP
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits)
+or \f[I]scale\f[] of the value that can be assigned to \f[B]seed\f[].
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]I\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]O\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]K\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]J\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]seed\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]T\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]U\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]V\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]W\f[]
+Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the
+\f[B]\[aq]\f[] pseudo\-random number generator command.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Strings
+.PP
+The following commands control strings.
+.PP
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) can hold both strings and numbers.
+dc(1) always knows whether the contents of a register are a string or a
+number.
+.PP
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an
+error if given a string, other commands accept strings.
+.PP
+Strings can also be executed as macros.
+For example, if the string \f[B][1pR]\f[] is executed as a macro, then
+the code \f[B]1pR\f[] is executed, meaning that the \f[B]1\f[] will be
+printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B][\f[]\f[I]characters\f[]\f[B]]\f[]
+Makes a string containing \f[I]characters\f[] and pushes it onto the
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If there are brackets (\f[B][\f[] and \f[B]]\f[]) in the string, then
+they must be balanced.
+Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (\f[B]\\\f[])
+character.
+.PP
+If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+(even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the
+(first) backslash is not.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a\f[]
+The value on top of the stack is popped.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken.
+The result mod \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] is calculated.
+If that result is \f[B]0\f[], push an empty string; otherwise, push a
+one\-character string where the character is the result of the mod
+interpreted as an ASCII character.
+.PP
+If it is a string, then a new string is made.
+If the original string is empty, the new string is empty.
+If it is not, then the first character of the original string is used to
+create the new string as a one\-character string.
+The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]x\f[]
+Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+.PP
+This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+For example, \f[B]0 1>a\f[] will execute the contents of register
+\f[B]a\f[], and \f[B]1 0>a\f[] will not.
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is less than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register
+\f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]?\f[]
+Reads a line from the \f[B]stdin\f[] and executes it.
+This is to allow macros to request input from users.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]q\f[]
+During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and
+the execution of the macro that executed it.
+If there are no macros, or only one macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Q\f[]
+Pops a value from the stack which must be non\-negative and is used the
+number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack.
+If the number of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing
+macros, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Status
+.PP
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Z\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits
+it has and pushes the result.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]X\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, pushes the \f[I]scale\f[] of the value onto the
+stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes \f[B]0\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]z\f[]
+Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Arrays
+.PP
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]:\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the top two values off of the stack.
+The second value will be stored in the array \f[I]r\f[] (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section), indexed by the first value.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B];\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the
+array \f[I]r\f[].
+The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH REGISTERS
+.PP
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays.
+(Number/string registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+.PP
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is
+the top of the stack for the register.
+All registers, when first referenced, have one value (\f[B]0\f[]) in
+their stack.
+.PP
+In non\-extended register mode, a register name is just the single
+character that follows any command that needs a register name.
+The only exception is a newline (\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]); it is a parse
+error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+.SS Extended Register Mode
+.PP
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly
+unlimited amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+.PP
+If extended register mode is enabled (\f[B]\-x\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[] command\-line arguments are given), then
+normal single character registers are used \f[I]unless\f[] the character
+immediately following a command that needs a register name is a space
+(according to \f[B]isspace()\f[]) and not a newline
+(\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]).
+.PP
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+\f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[] (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse
+error if the next non\-space characters do not match that regex.
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all macros returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most dc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This dc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+dc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[]
+The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command,
+if dc(1).
+Set at \f[B]2^DC_LONG_BIT\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to dc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs.
+Another use would be to use the \f[B]\-e\f[] option to set
+\f[B]scale\f[] to a value other than \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "dc"
+file.dc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), dc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash newline combo.
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, using a negative number as a bound for the
+pseudo\-random number generator, attempting to convert a negative number
+to a hardware integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware
+integer, and attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is
+required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]), places (\f[B]\@\f[]), left shift (\f[B]H\f[]), and
+right shift (\f[B]h\f[]) operators.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, and using a
+token where it is invalid.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, and attempting an operation when the
+stack has too few elements.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (dc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+dc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the \f[B]COMMAND
+LINE HISTORY\f[] section).
+It is also required to enable special handling for \f[B]SIGINT\f[]
+signals.
+.PP
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If dc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If dc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to dc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause dc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+The one exception is \f[B]SIGHUP\f[]; in that case, when dc(1) is in TTY
+mode, a \f[B]SIGHUP\f[] will cause dc(1) to clean up and exit.
+.SH COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+.PP
+dc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), history is
+enabled.
+Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+bc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the
+bc(1) IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/N.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/NP.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/NP.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/NP.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1395 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "DC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH Name
+.PP
+dc \- arbitrary\-precision reverse\-Polish notation calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]dc\f[] [\f[B]\-hiPvVx\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+dc(1) is an arbitrary\-precision calculator.
+It uses a stack (reverse Polish notation) to store numbers and results
+of computations.
+Arithmetic operations pop arguments off of the stack and push the
+results.
+.PP
+If no files are given on the command\-line as extra arguments (i.e., not
+as \f[B]\-f\f[] or \f[B]\-\-file\f[] arguments), then dc(1) reads from
+\f[B]stdin\f[].
+Otherwise, those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+.PP
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where \f[B]\-e\f[] (\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]) and
+\f[B]\-f\f[] (\f[B]\-\-file\f[]) arguments cause dc(1) to execute them
+and exit.
+The reason for this is that this dc(1) allows users to set arguments in
+the environment variable \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT
+VARIABLES\f[] section).
+Any expressions given on the command\-line should be used to set up a
+standard environment.
+For example, if a user wants the \f[B]scale\f[] always set to
+\f[B]10\f[], they can set \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] to \f[B]\-e 10k\f[], and
+this dc(1) will always start with a \f[B]scale\f[] of \f[B]10\f[].
+.PP
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and \f[B]\-f\f[] arguments (and their equivalents), then
+they can just simply add \f[B]\-e q\f[] as the last command\-line
+argument or define the environment variable \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+This option is a no\-op.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-x\f[] \f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]
+Enables extended register mode.
+See the \f[I]Extended Register Mode\f[] subsection of the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section for more information.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section) or a command (see the \f[B]COMMANDS\f[]
+section), is processed and executed, in order.
+Input is processed immediately when entered.
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to interpret constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]T\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried with the \f[B]U\f[] command.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[].
+If \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], values are output in scientific
+notation, and if \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]1\f[], values are output in
+engineering notation.
+Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are
+\f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that sets the
+precision of any operations (with exceptions).
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]V\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]seed\f[] is a register containing the current seed for the
+pseudo\-random number generator.
+If the current value of \f[B]seed\f[] is queried and stored, then if it
+is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] later, the pseudo\-random number generator
+is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers
+that were generated after the value of \f[B]seed\f[] was first queried.
+.PP
+Multiple values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] can produce the same sequence
+of pseudo\-random numbers.
+Likewise, when a value is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], it is not
+guaranteed that querying \f[B]seed\f[] immediately after will return the
+same value.
+In addition, the value of \f[B]seed\f[] will change after any call to
+the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command or the \f[B]"\f[] command that does not get
+receive a value of \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+The maximum integer returned by the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command can be
+queried with the \f[B]W\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: The values returned by the pseudo\-random number
+generator with the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] and \f[B]"\f[] commands are guaranteed
+to \f[B]NOT\f[] be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo\-random number generator.
+However, they \f[B]are\f[] guaranteed to be reproducible with identical
+\f[B]seed\f[] values.
+.PP
+The pseudo\-random number generator, \f[B]seed\f[], and all associated
+operations are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+Comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH NUMBERS
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to
+\f[B]F\f[], and at most \f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]F\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]15\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, dc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation.
+These have the form \f[B]<number>e<integer>\f[].
+The power (the portion after the \f[B]e\f[]) must be an integer.
+An example is \f[B]1.89237e9\f[], which is equal to \f[B]1892370000\f[].
+Negative exponents are also allowed, so \f[B]4.2890e_3\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0.0042890\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]WARNING\f[]: Both the number and the exponent in scientific
+notation are interpreted according to the current \f[B]ibase\f[], but
+the number is still multiplied by \f[B]10^exponent\f[] regardless of the
+current \f[B]ibase\f[].
+For example, if \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[] and dc(1) is given the
+number string \f[B]FFeA\f[], the resulting decimal number will be
+\f[B]2550000000000\f[], and if dc(1) is given the number string
+\f[B]10e_4\f[], the resulting decimal number will be \f[B]0.0016\f[].
+.PP
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a \f[B]non\-portable
+extension\f[].
+.SH COMMANDS
+.PP
+The valid commands are listed below.
+.SS Printing
+.PP
+These commands are used for printing.
+.PP
+Note that both scientific notation and engineering notation are
+available for printing numbers.
+Scientific notation is activated by assigning \f[B]0\f[] to
+\f[B]obase\f[] using \f[B]0o\f[], and engineering notation is activated
+by assigning \f[B]1\f[] to \f[B]obase\f[] using \f[B]1o\f[].
+To deactivate them, just assign a different value to \f[B]obase\f[].
+.PP
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and
+prints a newline after.
+.RS
+.PP
+This does not alter the stack.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]n\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops
+it off of the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]P\f[]
+Pops a value off the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+result is printed as though \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] and
+each digit is interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte
+stream.
+.PP
+If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f\f[]
+Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+without altering anything.
+.RS
+.PP
+Users should use this command when they get lost.
+.RE
+.SS Arithmetic
+.PP
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[], and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]~\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered,
+and the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the
+stack.
+This is equivalent to \f[B]x y / x y %\f[] except that \f[B]x\f[] and
+\f[B]y\f[] are only evaluated once.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]v\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and
+the result is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The value popped off of the stack must be non\-negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]_\f[]
+If this command \f[I]immediately\f[] precedes a number (i.e., no spaces
+or other commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+.RS
+.PP
+Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy
+is negated and pushed onto the stack.
+This behavior without a number is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]b\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed
+back onto the stack.
+Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]|\f[]
+The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation
+is computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+integer and non\-zero.
+The second value popped is used as the exponent and must be an integer
+and non\-negative.
+The third value popped is the base and must be an integer.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is
+truncated and pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the
+second is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or
+extension.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]H\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted
+left (radix shifted right) to the value of the first.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]h\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted
+right (radix shifted left) to the value of the first.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]G\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if they are equal, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]N\f[]
+The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a \f[B]0\f[], a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed; otherwise, a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B](\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than the second, or \f[B]0\f[]
+otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]{\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second,
+or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B])\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or
+\f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]}\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the
+second, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]M\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If they are both non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+If either of them is zero, or both of them are, then a \f[B]0\f[] is
+pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]&&\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]m\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If at least one of them is non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the
+stack.
+If both of them are zero, then a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]||\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Pseudo\-Random Number Generator
+.PP
+dc(1) has a built\-in pseudo\-random number generator.
+These commands query the pseudo\-random number generator.
+(See Parameters for more information about the \f[B]seed\f[] value that
+controls the pseudo\-random number generator.)
+.PP
+The pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to \f[B]NOT\f[] be
+cryptographically secure.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\[aq]\f[]
+Generates an integer between 0 and \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[], inclusive (see
+the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]"\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an \f[B]exclusive\f[]
+upper bound on the integer that will be generated.
+If the bound is negative or is a non\-integer, an error is raised, and
+dc(1) resets (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) while \f[B]seed\f[]
+remains unchanged.
+If the bound is larger than \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[], the higher bound is
+honored by generating several pseudo\-random integers, multiplying them
+by appropriate powers of \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX+1\f[], and adding them
+together.
+Thus, the size of integer that can be generated with this command is
+unbounded.
+Using this command will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[], unless the
+operand is \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+In that case, \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack, and \f[B]seed\f[] is
+\f[I]not\f[] changed.
+.RS
+.PP
+The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Stack Control
+.PP
+These commands control the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c\f[]
+Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d\f[]
+Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy
+onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r\f[]
+Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]R\f[]
+Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Register Control
+.PP
+These commands control registers (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section).
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register
+\f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Copies the value in register \f[I]r\f[] and pushes it onto the stack.
+This does not alter the contents of \f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]S\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the
+stack of register \f[I]r\f[].
+The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]L\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack for register \f[I]r\f[] and push
+it onto the main stack.
+The previous value in the stack for register \f[I]r\f[], if any, is now
+accessible via the \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[] command.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Parameters
+.PP
+These commands control the values of \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[],
+\f[B]scale\f[], and \f[B]seed\f[].
+Also see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]i\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and \f[B]16\f[],
+inclusive.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]o\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]obase\f[], which must be between \f[B]0\f[] and
+\f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[], inclusive (see the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section and the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]k\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]scale\f[], which must be non\-negative.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]seed\f[].
+The meaning of \f[B]seed\f[] is dependent on the current pseudo\-random
+number generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major
+versions.
+.RS
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] and sign of the value may be significant.
+.PP
+If a previously used \f[B]seed\f[] value is used again, the
+pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same
+sequence of pseudo\-random numbers as it did when the \f[B]seed\f[]
+value was previously used.
+.PP
+The exact value assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] is not guaranteed to be
+returned if the \f[B]J\f[] command is used.
+However, if \f[B]seed\f[] \f[I]does\f[] return a different value, both
+values, when assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], are guaranteed to produce the
+same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers.
+This means that certain values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] will not
+produce unique sequences of pseudo\-random numbers.
+.PP
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits)
+or \f[I]scale\f[] of the value that can be assigned to \f[B]seed\f[].
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]I\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]O\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]K\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]J\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]seed\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]T\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]U\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]V\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]W\f[]
+Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the
+\f[B]\[aq]\f[] pseudo\-random number generator command.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Strings
+.PP
+The following commands control strings.
+.PP
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) can hold both strings and numbers.
+dc(1) always knows whether the contents of a register are a string or a
+number.
+.PP
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an
+error if given a string, other commands accept strings.
+.PP
+Strings can also be executed as macros.
+For example, if the string \f[B][1pR]\f[] is executed as a macro, then
+the code \f[B]1pR\f[] is executed, meaning that the \f[B]1\f[] will be
+printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B][\f[]\f[I]characters\f[]\f[B]]\f[]
+Makes a string containing \f[I]characters\f[] and pushes it onto the
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If there are brackets (\f[B][\f[] and \f[B]]\f[]) in the string, then
+they must be balanced.
+Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (\f[B]\\\f[])
+character.
+.PP
+If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+(even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the
+(first) backslash is not.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a\f[]
+The value on top of the stack is popped.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken.
+The result mod \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] is calculated.
+If that result is \f[B]0\f[], push an empty string; otherwise, push a
+one\-character string where the character is the result of the mod
+interpreted as an ASCII character.
+.PP
+If it is a string, then a new string is made.
+If the original string is empty, the new string is empty.
+If it is not, then the first character of the original string is used to
+create the new string as a one\-character string.
+The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]x\f[]
+Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+.PP
+This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+For example, \f[B]0 1>a\f[] will execute the contents of register
+\f[B]a\f[], and \f[B]1 0>a\f[] will not.
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is less than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register
+\f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]?\f[]
+Reads a line from the \f[B]stdin\f[] and executes it.
+This is to allow macros to request input from users.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]q\f[]
+During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and
+the execution of the macro that executed it.
+If there are no macros, or only one macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Q\f[]
+Pops a value from the stack which must be non\-negative and is used the
+number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack.
+If the number of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing
+macros, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Status
+.PP
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Z\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits
+it has and pushes the result.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]X\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, pushes the \f[I]scale\f[] of the value onto the
+stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes \f[B]0\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]z\f[]
+Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Arrays
+.PP
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]:\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the top two values off of the stack.
+The second value will be stored in the array \f[I]r\f[] (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section), indexed by the first value.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B];\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the
+array \f[I]r\f[].
+The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH REGISTERS
+.PP
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays.
+(Number/string registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+.PP
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is
+the top of the stack for the register.
+All registers, when first referenced, have one value (\f[B]0\f[]) in
+their stack.
+.PP
+In non\-extended register mode, a register name is just the single
+character that follows any command that needs a register name.
+The only exception is a newline (\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]); it is a parse
+error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+.SS Extended Register Mode
+.PP
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly
+unlimited amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+.PP
+If extended register mode is enabled (\f[B]\-x\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[] command\-line arguments are given), then
+normal single character registers are used \f[I]unless\f[] the character
+immediately following a command that needs a register name is a space
+(according to \f[B]isspace()\f[]) and not a newline
+(\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]).
+.PP
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+\f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[] (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse
+error if the next non\-space characters do not match that regex.
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all macros returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most dc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This dc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+dc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[]
+The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command,
+if dc(1).
+Set at \f[B]2^DC_LONG_BIT\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to dc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs.
+Another use would be to use the \f[B]\-e\f[] option to set
+\f[B]scale\f[] to a value other than \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "dc"
+file.dc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), dc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash newline combo.
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, using a negative number as a bound for the
+pseudo\-random number generator, attempting to convert a negative number
+to a hardware integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware
+integer, and attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is
+required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]), places (\f[B]\@\f[]), left shift (\f[B]H\f[]), and
+right shift (\f[B]h\f[]) operators.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, and using a
+token where it is invalid.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, and attempting an operation when the
+stack has too few elements.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (dc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+dc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the \f[B]COMMAND
+LINE HISTORY\f[] section).
+It is also required to enable special handling for \f[B]SIGINT\f[]
+signals.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If dc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If dc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to dc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause dc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+The one exception is \f[B]SIGHUP\f[]; in that case, when dc(1) is in TTY
+mode, a \f[B]SIGHUP\f[] will cause dc(1) to clean up and exit.
+.SH COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+.PP
+dc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), history is
+enabled.
+Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+bc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the
+bc(1) IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/NP.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/P.1
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/P.1 (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/P.1 (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1399 @@
+.\"
+.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\"
+.\" * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+.\" this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+.\" and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+.\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.TH "DC" "1" "July 2020" "Gavin D. Howard" "General Commands Manual"
+.SH Name
+.PP
+dc \- arbitrary\-precision reverse\-Polish notation calculator
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+\f[B]dc\f[] [\f[B]\-hiPvVx\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-version\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-help\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]] [\f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]] [\f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[]]
+[\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]...] [\f[B]\-f\f[]
+\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[B]\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]...] [\f[I]file\f[]...]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+dc(1) is an arbitrary\-precision calculator.
+It uses a stack (reverse Polish notation) to store numbers and results
+of computations.
+Arithmetic operations pop arguments off of the stack and push the
+results.
+.PP
+If no files are given on the command\-line as extra arguments (i.e., not
+as \f[B]\-f\f[] or \f[B]\-\-file\f[] arguments), then dc(1) reads from
+\f[B]stdin\f[].
+Otherwise, those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+.PP
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where \f[B]\-e\f[] (\f[B]\-\-expression\f[]) and
+\f[B]\-f\f[] (\f[B]\-\-file\f[]) arguments cause dc(1) to execute them
+and exit.
+The reason for this is that this dc(1) allows users to set arguments in
+the environment variable \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] (see the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT
+VARIABLES\f[] section).
+Any expressions given on the command\-line should be used to set up a
+standard environment.
+For example, if a user wants the \f[B]scale\f[] always set to
+\f[B]10\f[], they can set \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] to \f[B]\-e 10k\f[], and
+this dc(1) will always start with a \f[B]scale\f[] of \f[B]10\f[].
+.PP
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and \f[B]\-f\f[] arguments (and their equivalents), then
+they can just simply add \f[B]\-e q\f[] as the last command\-line
+argument or define the environment variable \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[].
+.SH OPTIONS
+.PP
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-h\f[], \f[B]\-\-help\f[]
+Prints a usage message and quits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-v\f[], \f[B]\-V\f[], \f[B]\-\-version\f[]
+Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-i\f[], \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[]
+Forces interactive mode.
+(See the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section.)
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-P\f[], \f[B]\-\-no\-prompt\f[]
+This option is a no\-op.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-x\f[] \f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[]
+Enables extended register mode.
+See the \f[I]Extended Register Mode\f[] subsection of the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section for more information.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-e\f[] \f[I]expr\f[], \f[B]\-\-expression\f[]=\f[I]expr\f[]
+Evaluates \f[I]expr\f[].
+If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in order.
+If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+evaluated in the order given.
+This means that if a file is given before an expression, the file is
+read in and evaluated first.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the expressions and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-f\f[] \f[I]file\f[], \f[B]\-\-file\f[]=\f[I]file\f[]
+Reads in \f[I]file\f[] and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were
+read through \f[B]stdin\f[].
+If expressions are also given (see above), the expressions are evaluated
+in the order given.
+.RS
+.PP
+In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to
+execute the files and then exit.
+This dc(1) does not, unless the \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[] is defined (see
+the \f[B]ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.PP
+All long options are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SH STDOUT
+.PP
+Any non\-error output is written to \f[B]stdout\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stdout\f[], so if \f[B]stdout\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can report problems when \f[B]stdout\f[] is
+redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stdout\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH STDERR
+.PP
+Any error output is written to \f[B]stderr\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue
+a fatal error (see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section) if it cannot write
+to \f[B]stderr\f[], so if \f[B]stderr\f[] is closed, as in \f[B]dc
+2>&\-\f[], it will quit with an error.
+This is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when
+\f[B]stderr\f[] is redirected to a file.
+.PP
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1)
+implementations, it is recommended that those scripts be changed to
+redirect \f[B]stderr\f[] to \f[B]/dev/null\f[].
+.SH SYNTAX
+.PP
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section) or a command (see the \f[B]COMMANDS\f[]
+section), is processed and executed, in order.
+Input is processed immediately when entered.
+.PP
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to interpret constant numbers.
+It is the "input" base, or the number base used for interpreting input
+numbers.
+\f[B]ibase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[].
+The min allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]2\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]ibase\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]T\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]obase\f[] is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that
+determines how to output results.
+It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting numbers.
+\f[B]obase\f[] is initially \f[B]10\f[].
+The max allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[] and
+can be queried with the \f[B]U\f[] command.
+The min allowable value for \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[].
+If \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]0\f[], values are output in scientific
+notation, and if \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]1\f[], values are output in
+engineering notation.
+Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+.PP
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are
+\f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of an expression is the number of digits in the
+result of the expression right of the decimal point, and \f[B]scale\f[]
+is a register (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) that sets the
+precision of any operations (with exceptions).
+\f[B]scale\f[] is initially \f[B]0\f[].
+\f[B]scale\f[] cannot be negative.
+The max allowable value for \f[B]scale\f[] can be queried in dc(1)
+programs with the \f[B]V\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]seed\f[] is a register containing the current seed for the
+pseudo\-random number generator.
+If the current value of \f[B]seed\f[] is queried and stored, then if it
+is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] later, the pseudo\-random number generator
+is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers
+that were generated after the value of \f[B]seed\f[] was first queried.
+.PP
+Multiple values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] can produce the same sequence
+of pseudo\-random numbers.
+Likewise, when a value is assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], it is not
+guaranteed that querying \f[B]seed\f[] immediately after will return the
+same value.
+In addition, the value of \f[B]seed\f[] will change after any call to
+the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command or the \f[B]"\f[] command that does not get
+receive a value of \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+The maximum integer returned by the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command can be
+queried with the \f[B]W\f[] command.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: The values returned by the pseudo\-random number
+generator with the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] and \f[B]"\f[] commands are guaranteed
+to \f[B]NOT\f[] be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo\-random number generator.
+However, they \f[B]are\f[] guaranteed to be reproducible with identical
+\f[B]seed\f[] values.
+.PP
+The pseudo\-random number generator, \f[B]seed\f[], and all associated
+operations are \f[B]non\-portable extensions\f[].
+.SS Comments
+.PP
+Comments go from \f[B]#\f[] until, and not including, the next newline.
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.SH NUMBERS
+.PP
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to
+\f[B]F\f[], and at most \f[B]1\f[] period for a radix.
+Numbers can have up to \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[] digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to \f[B]9\f[] + their position in the
+alphabet (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] equals \f[B]10\f[], or \f[B]9+1\f[]).
+If a digit or letter makes no sense with the current value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[], they are set to the value of the highest valid digit in
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+.PP
+Single\-character numbers (i.e., \f[B]A\f[] alone) take the value that
+they would have if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of
+\f[B]ibase\f[].
+This means that \f[B]A\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]10\f[] and
+\f[B]F\f[] alone always equals decimal \f[B]15\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, dc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation.
+These have the form \f[B]<number>e<integer>\f[].
+The power (the portion after the \f[B]e\f[]) must be an integer.
+An example is \f[B]1.89237e9\f[], which is equal to \f[B]1892370000\f[].
+Negative exponents are also allowed, so \f[B]4.2890e_3\f[] is equal to
+\f[B]0.0042890\f[].
+.PP
+\f[B]WARNING\f[]: Both the number and the exponent in scientific
+notation are interpreted according to the current \f[B]ibase\f[], but
+the number is still multiplied by \f[B]10^exponent\f[] regardless of the
+current \f[B]ibase\f[].
+For example, if \f[B]ibase\f[] is \f[B]16\f[] and dc(1) is given the
+number string \f[B]FFeA\f[], the resulting decimal number will be
+\f[B]2550000000000\f[], and if dc(1) is given the number string
+\f[B]10e_4\f[], the resulting decimal number will be \f[B]0.0016\f[].
+.PP
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a \f[B]non\-portable
+extension\f[].
+.SH COMMANDS
+.PP
+The valid commands are listed below.
+.SS Printing
+.PP
+These commands are used for printing.
+.PP
+Note that both scientific notation and engineering notation are
+available for printing numbers.
+Scientific notation is activated by assigning \f[B]0\f[] to
+\f[B]obase\f[] using \f[B]0o\f[], and engineering notation is activated
+by assigning \f[B]1\f[] to \f[B]obase\f[] using \f[B]1o\f[].
+To deactivate them, just assign a different value to \f[B]obase\f[].
+.PP
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+\f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.TP
+.B \f[B]p\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and
+prints a newline after.
+.RS
+.PP
+This does not alter the stack.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]n\f[]
+Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops
+it off of the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]P\f[]
+Pops a value off the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+result is printed as though \f[B]obase\f[] is \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] and
+each digit is interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte
+stream.
+.PP
+If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]f\f[]
+Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+without altering anything.
+.RS
+.PP
+Users should use this command when they get lost.
+.RE
+.SS Arithmetic
+.PP
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]+\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\-\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to the max \f[I]scale\f[] of
+both operands.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]*\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+If \f[B]a\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the first expression and
+\f[B]b\f[] is the \f[I]scale\f[] of the second expression, the
+\f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to
+\f[B]min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))\f[] where \f[B]min()\f[] and \f[B]max()\f[]
+return the obvious values.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]/\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]%\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result
+is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing \f[B]a/b\f[] to current
+\f[B]scale\f[], and 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate
+\f[B]a\-(a/b)*b\f[] to \f[I]scale\f[]
+\f[B]max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))\f[].
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]~\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered,
+and the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the
+stack.
+This is equivalent to \f[B]x y / x y %\f[] except that \f[B]x\f[] and
+\f[B]y\f[] are only evaluated once.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be non\-zero.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]^\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+non\-zero.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]v\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and
+the result is pushed onto the stack.
+The \f[I]scale\f[] of the result is equal to \f[B]scale\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The value popped off of the stack must be non\-negative.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]_\f[]
+If this command \f[I]immediately\f[] precedes a number (i.e., no spaces
+or other commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+.RS
+.PP
+Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy
+is negated and pushed onto the stack.
+This behavior without a number is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]b\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed
+back onto the stack.
+Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]|\f[]
+The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation
+is computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+integer and non\-zero.
+The second value popped is used as the exponent and must be an integer
+and non\-negative.
+The third value popped is the base and must be an integer.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]$\f[]
+The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is
+truncated and pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\@\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the
+second is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or
+extension.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]H\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted
+left (radix shifted right) to the value of the first.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]h\f[]
+The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted
+right (radix shifted left) to the value of the first.
+.RS
+.PP
+The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and
+non\-negative.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]G\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if they are equal, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]N\f[]
+The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a \f[B]0\f[], a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed; otherwise, a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B](\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than the second, or \f[B]0\f[]
+otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]{\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second,
+or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B])\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or
+\f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]}\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+\f[B]1\f[] is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the
+second, or \f[B]0\f[] otherwise.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]M\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If they are both non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+If either of them is zero, or both of them are, then a \f[B]0\f[] is
+pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]&&\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]m\f[]
+The top two values are popped off of the stack.
+If at least one of them is non\-zero, a \f[B]1\f[] is pushed onto the
+stack.
+If both of them are zero, then a \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is like the \f[B]||\f[] operator in bc(1), and it is \f[I]not\f[] a
+short\-circuit operator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Pseudo\-Random Number Generator
+.PP
+dc(1) has a built\-in pseudo\-random number generator.
+These commands query the pseudo\-random number generator.
+(See Parameters for more information about the \f[B]seed\f[] value that
+controls the pseudo\-random number generator.)
+.PP
+The pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to \f[B]NOT\f[] be
+cryptographically secure.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]\[aq]\f[]
+Generates an integer between 0 and \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[], inclusive (see
+the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]"\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an \f[B]exclusive\f[]
+upper bound on the integer that will be generated.
+If the bound is negative or is a non\-integer, an error is raised, and
+dc(1) resets (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) while \f[B]seed\f[]
+remains unchanged.
+If the bound is larger than \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[], the higher bound is
+honored by generating several pseudo\-random integers, multiplying them
+by appropriate powers of \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX+1\f[], and adding them
+together.
+Thus, the size of integer that can be generated with this command is
+unbounded.
+Using this command will change the value of \f[B]seed\f[], unless the
+operand is \f[B]0\f[] or \f[B]1\f[].
+In that case, \f[B]0\f[] is pushed onto the stack, and \f[B]seed\f[] is
+\f[I]not\f[] changed.
+.RS
+.PP
+The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+limitations of the pseudo\-random number generator.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Stack Control
+.PP
+These commands control the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]c\f[]
+Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]d\f[]
+Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy
+onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]r\f[]
+Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]R\f[]
+Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Register Control
+.PP
+These commands control registers (see the \f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section).
+.TP
+.B \f[B]s\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register
+\f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Copies the value in register \f[I]r\f[] and pushes it onto the stack.
+This does not alter the contents of \f[I]r\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]S\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the
+stack of register \f[I]r\f[].
+The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]L\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value off the top of the stack for register \f[I]r\f[] and push
+it onto the main stack.
+The previous value in the stack for register \f[I]r\f[], if any, is now
+accessible via the \f[B]l\f[]\f[I]r\f[] command.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Parameters
+.PP
+These commands control the values of \f[B]ibase\f[], \f[B]obase\f[],
+\f[B]scale\f[], and \f[B]seed\f[].
+Also see the \f[B]SYNTAX\f[] section.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]i\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]ibase\f[], which must be between \f[B]2\f[] and \f[B]16\f[],
+inclusive.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]o\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]obase\f[], which must be between \f[B]0\f[] and
+\f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[], inclusive (see the \f[B]LIMITS\f[] section and the
+\f[B]NUMBERS\f[] section).
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]k\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]scale\f[], which must be non\-negative.
+.RS
+.PP
+If the value on top of the stack has any \f[I]scale\f[], the
+\f[I]scale\f[] is ignored.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]j\f[]
+Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set
+\f[B]seed\f[].
+The meaning of \f[B]seed\f[] is dependent on the current pseudo\-random
+number generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major
+versions.
+.RS
+.PP
+The \f[I]scale\f[] and sign of the value may be significant.
+.PP
+If a previously used \f[B]seed\f[] value is used again, the
+pseudo\-random number generator is guaranteed to produce the same
+sequence of pseudo\-random numbers as it did when the \f[B]seed\f[]
+value was previously used.
+.PP
+The exact value assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] is not guaranteed to be
+returned if the \f[B]J\f[] command is used.
+However, if \f[B]seed\f[] \f[I]does\f[] return a different value, both
+values, when assigned to \f[B]seed\f[], are guaranteed to produce the
+same sequence of pseudo\-random numbers.
+This means that certain values assigned to \f[B]seed\f[] will not
+produce unique sequences of pseudo\-random numbers.
+.PP
+There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits)
+or \f[I]scale\f[] of the value that can be assigned to \f[B]seed\f[].
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]I\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]O\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]K\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]J\f[]
+Pushes the current value of \f[B]seed\f[] onto the main stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]T\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]ibase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]U\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]obase\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]V\f[]
+Pushes the maximum allowable value of \f[B]scale\f[] onto the main
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]W\f[]
+Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the
+\f[B]\[aq]\f[] pseudo\-random number generator command.
+.RS
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.SS Strings
+.PP
+The following commands control strings.
+.PP
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section) can hold both strings and numbers.
+dc(1) always knows whether the contents of a register are a string or a
+number.
+.PP
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an
+error if given a string, other commands accept strings.
+.PP
+Strings can also be executed as macros.
+For example, if the string \f[B][1pR]\f[] is executed as a macro, then
+the code \f[B]1pR\f[] is executed, meaning that the \f[B]1\f[] will be
+printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+.TP
+.B \f[B][\f[]\f[I]characters\f[]\f[B]]\f[]
+Makes a string containing \f[I]characters\f[] and pushes it onto the
+stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If there are brackets (\f[B][\f[] and \f[B]]\f[]) in the string, then
+they must be balanced.
+Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (\f[B]\\\f[])
+character.
+.PP
+If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+(even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the
+(first) backslash is not.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]a\f[]
+The value on top of the stack is popped.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken.
+The result mod \f[B]UCHAR_MAX+1\f[] is calculated.
+If that result is \f[B]0\f[], push an empty string; otherwise, push a
+one\-character string where the character is the result of the mod
+interpreted as an ASCII character.
+.PP
+If it is a string, then a new string is made.
+If the original string is empty, the new string is empty.
+If it is not, then the first character of the original string is used to
+create the new string as a one\-character string.
+The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]x\f[]
+Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+.PP
+This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+For example, \f[B]0 1>a\f[] will execute the contents of register
+\f[B]a\f[], and \f[B]1 0>a\f[] will not.
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!>\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is less than the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal
+to), then the contents of register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!<\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register
+\f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them.
+If the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of
+register \f[I]r\f[] are executed.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]!=\f[]\f[I]r\f[]\f[B]e\f[]\f[I]s\f[]
+Like the above, but will execute register \f[I]s\f[] if the comparison
+fails.
+.RS
+.PP
+If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an
+error and reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+.PP
+This is a \f[B]non\-portable extension\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]?\f[]
+Reads a line from the \f[B]stdin\f[] and executes it.
+This is to allow macros to request input from users.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]q\f[]
+During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and
+the execution of the macro that executed it.
+If there are no macros, or only one macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Q\f[]
+Pops a value from the stack which must be non\-negative and is used the
+number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack.
+If the number of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing
+macros, dc(1) exits.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Status
+.PP
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]Z\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits
+it has and pushes the result.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]X\f[]
+Pops a value off of the stack.
+.RS
+.PP
+If it is a number, pushes the \f[I]scale\f[] of the value onto the
+stack.
+.PP
+If it is a string, pushes \f[B]0\f[].
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]z\f[]
+Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SS Arrays
+.PP
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+.TP
+.B \f[B]:\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the top two values off of the stack.
+The second value will be stored in the array \f[I]r\f[] (see the
+\f[B]REGISTERS\f[] section), indexed by the first value.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B];\f[]\f[I]r\f[]
+Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the
+array \f[I]r\f[].
+The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH REGISTERS
+.PP
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays.
+(Number/string registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+.PP
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is
+the top of the stack for the register.
+All registers, when first referenced, have one value (\f[B]0\f[]) in
+their stack.
+.PP
+In non\-extended register mode, a register name is just the single
+character that follows any command that needs a register name.
+The only exception is a newline (\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]); it is a parse
+error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+.SS Extended Register Mode
+.PP
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly
+unlimited amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+.PP
+If extended register mode is enabled (\f[B]\-x\f[] or
+\f[B]\-\-extended\-register\f[] command\-line arguments are given), then
+normal single character registers are used \f[I]unless\f[] the character
+immediately following a command that needs a register name is a space
+(according to \f[B]isspace()\f[]) and not a newline
+(\f[B]\[aq]\\n\[aq]\f[]).
+.PP
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+\f[B][a\-z][a\-z0\-9_]*\f[] (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse
+error if the next non\-space characters do not match that regex.
+.SH RESET
+.PP
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non\-default
+handler for, it resets.
+This means that several things happen.
+.PP
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the
+stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages.
+Then the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute
+(after all macros returned) is skipped.
+.PP
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be
+executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error
+(see the \f[B]EXIT STATUS\f[] section), it asks for more input;
+otherwise, it exits with the appropriate return code.
+.SH PERFORMANCE
+.PP
+Most dc(1) implementations use \f[B]char\f[] types to calculate the
+value of \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow.
+This dc(1) does something different.
+.PP
+It uses large integers to calculate more than \f[B]1\f[] decimal digit
+at a time.
+If built in a environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] (see the
+\f[B]LIMITS\f[] section) is \f[B]64\f[], then each integer has
+\f[B]9\f[] decimal digits.
+If built in an environment where \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[] is \f[B]32\f[]
+then each integer has \f[B]4\f[] decimal digits.
+This value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.PP
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow
+checking.
+This integer type depends on the value of \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[], but is
+always at least twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+.SH LIMITS
+.PP
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[]
+The number of bits in the \f[B]long\f[] type in the environment where
+dc(1) was built.
+This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single large
+integer (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]
+The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the
+\f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[] section).
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[]
+The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+\f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[]) plus \f[B]1\f[].
+Depends on \f[B]DC_BASE_DIGS\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[]
+The max number that the overflow type (see the \f[B]PERFORMANCE\f[]
+section) can hold.
+Depends on \f[B]DC_LONG_BIT\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_BASE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum output base.
+Set at \f[B]DC_BASE_POW\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_DIM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum size of arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_SCALE_MAX\f[]
+The maximum \f[B]scale\f[].
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_STRING_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of strings.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NAME_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of identifiers.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_NUM_MAX\f[]
+The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes
+digits after the decimal point.
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_RAND_MAX\f[]
+The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the \f[B]\[aq]\f[] command,
+if dc(1).
+Set at \f[B]2^DC_LONG_BIT\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Exponent
+The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative).
+Set at \f[B]DC_OVERFLOW_MAX\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B Number of vars
+The maximum number of vars/arrays.
+Set at \f[B]SIZE_MAX\-1\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.PP
+These limits are meant to be effectively non\-existent; the limits are
+so large (at least on 64\-bit machines) that there should not be any
+point at which they become a problem.
+In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should be hit.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.PP
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[]
+This is another way to give command\-line arguments to dc(1).
+They should be in the same format as all other command\-line arguments.
+These are always processed first, so any files given in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will be processed before arguments and files given
+on the command\-line.
+This gives the user the ability to set up "standard" options and files
+to be used at every invocation.
+The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs.
+Another use would be to use the \f[B]\-e\f[] option to set
+\f[B]scale\f[] to a value other than \f[B]0\f[].
+.RS
+.PP
+The code that parses \f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] will correctly handle quoted
+arguments, but it does not understand escape sequences.
+For example, the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"\f[] will be
+correctly parsed, but the string \f[B]"/home/gavin/some "dc"
+file.dc"\f[] will include the backslashes.
+.PP
+The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, \f[B]\[aq]\f[] or
+\f[B]"\f[].
+Thus, if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name,
+you can use double quotes as the outside quotes, as in \f[B]"some
+\[aq]bc\[aq] file.bc"\f[], and vice versa if you have a file with double
+quotes.
+However, handling a file with both kinds of quotes in
+\f[B]DC_ENV_ARGS\f[] is not supported due to the complexity of the
+parsing, though such files are still supported on the command\-line
+where the parsing is done by the shell.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_LINE_LENGTH\f[]
+If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is
+greater than \f[B]1\f[] and is less than \f[B]UINT16_MAX\f[]
+(\f[B]2^16\-1\f[]), dc(1) will output lines to that length, including
+the backslash newline combo.
+The default line length is \f[B]70\f[].
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]DC_EXPR_EXIT\f[]
+If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+immediately after executing expressions and files given by the
+\f[B]\-e\f[] and/or \f[B]\-f\f[] command\-line options (and any
+equivalents).
+.RS
+.RE
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.PP
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+.TP
+.B \f[B]0\f[]
+No error.
+.RS
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]1\f[]
+A math error occurred.
+This follows standard practice of using \f[B]1\f[] for expected errors,
+since math errors will happen in the process of normal execution.
+.RS
+.PP
+Math errors include divide by \f[B]0\f[], taking the square root of a
+negative number, using a negative number as a bound for the
+pseudo\-random number generator, attempting to convert a negative number
+to a hardware integer, overflow when converting a number to a hardware
+integer, and attempting to use a non\-integer where an integer is
+required.
+.PP
+Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the
+power (\f[B]^\f[]), places (\f[B]\@\f[]), left shift (\f[B]H\f[]), and
+right shift (\f[B]h\f[]) operators.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]2\f[]
+A parse error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Parse errors include unexpected \f[B]EOF\f[], using an invalid
+character, failing to find the end of a string or comment, and using a
+token where it is invalid.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]3\f[]
+A runtime error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to \f[B]ibase\f[],
+\f[B]obase\f[], or \f[B]scale\f[]; give a bad expression to a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, calling \f[B]read()\f[] inside of a
+\f[B]read()\f[] call, type errors, and attempting an operation when the
+stack has too few elements.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B \f[B]4\f[]
+A fatal error occurred.
+.RS
+.PP
+Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to
+open files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII
+characters (dc(1) only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a
+directory as a file, and giving invalid command\-line options.
+.RE
+.PP
+The exit status \f[B]4\f[] is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1)
+always exits and returns \f[B]4\f[], no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+.PP
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in
+interactive mode (see the \f[B]INTERACTIVE MODE\f[] section), since
+dc(1) resets its state (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section) and accepts more
+input when one of those errors occurs in interactive mode.
+This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.PP
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the
+\f[B]\-i\f[] flag or \f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option.
+.SH INTERACTIVE MODE
+.PP
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non\-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both \f[B]stdin\f[] and
+\f[B]stdout\f[] are hooked to a terminal, but the \f[B]\-i\f[] flag and
+\f[B]\-\-interactive\f[] option can turn it on in other cases.
+.PP
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the
+\f[B]RESET\f[] section), and in normal execution, flushes
+\f[B]stdout\f[] as soon as execution is done for the current input.
+.SH TTY MODE
+.PP
+If \f[B]stdin\f[], \f[B]stdout\f[], and \f[B]stderr\f[] are all
+connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns on "TTY mode."
+.PP
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the \f[B]COMMAND
+LINE HISTORY\f[] section).
+It is also required to enable special handling for \f[B]SIGINT\f[]
+signals.
+.PP
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is
+required in the bc(1)
+specification (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html),
+and interactive mode requires only \f[B]stdin\f[] and \f[B]stdout\f[] to
+be connected to a terminal.
+.SH SIGNAL HANDLING
+.PP
+Sending a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the
+current input.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), it will
+reset (see the \f[B]RESET\f[] section).
+Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+.PP
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things.
+If dc(1) is processing input from \f[B]stdin\f[] in TTY mode, it will
+ask for more input.
+If dc(1) is processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop
+processing the file and start processing the next file, if one exists,
+or ask for input from \f[B]stdin\f[] if no other file exists.
+.PP
+This means that if a \f[B]SIGINT\f[] is sent to dc(1) as it is executing
+a file, it can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since
+it will immediately start executing the next file.
+This is by design; most files that users execute when interacting with
+dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file.
+The rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing
+the user to continue.
+.PP
+\f[B]SIGTERM\f[] and \f[B]SIGQUIT\f[] cause dc(1) to clean up and exit,
+and it uses the default handler for all other signals.
+The one exception is \f[B]SIGHUP\f[]; in that case, when dc(1) is in TTY
+mode, a \f[B]SIGHUP\f[] will cause dc(1) to clean up and exit.
+.SH COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+.PP
+dc(1) supports interactive command\-line editing.
+If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the \f[B]TTY MODE\f[] section), history is
+enabled.
+Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys.
+.PP
+\f[B]Note\f[]: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+.SH LOCALES
+.PP
+This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different
+locales and thus, supports \f[B]LC_MESSAGS\f[].
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.PP
+bc(1)
+.SH STANDARDS
+.PP
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the
+bc(1) IEEE Std 1003.1\-2017
+(“POSIX.1\-2017”) (https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html)
+specification.
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+None are known.
+Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+.SH AUTHOR
+.PP
+Gavin D.
+Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/P.1
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/A.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/A.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/A.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1194 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# Name
+
+dc - arbitrary-precision reverse-Polish notation calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**dc** [**-hiPvVx**] [**--version**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--extended-register**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...] [*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+dc(1) is an arbitrary-precision calculator. It uses a stack (reverse Polish
+notation) to store numbers and results of computations. Arithmetic operations
+pop arguments off of the stack and push the results.
+
+If no files are given on the command-line as extra arguments (i.e., not as
+**-f** or **--file** arguments), then dc(1) reads from **stdin**. Otherwise,
+those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where **-e** (**--expression**) and **-f** (**--file**)
+arguments cause dc(1) to execute them and exit. The reason for this is that this
+dc(1) allows users to set arguments in the environment variable **DC_ENV_ARGS**
+(see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section). Any expressions given on the
+command-line should be used to set up a standard environment. For example, if a
+user wants the **scale** always set to **10**, they can set **DC_ENV_ARGS** to
+**-e 10k**, and this dc(1) will always start with a **scale** of **10**.
+
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from **-e** and
+**-f** arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add **-e q**
+as the last command-line argument or define the environment variable
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: Disables the prompt in TTY mode. (The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+ See the **TTY MODE** section) This is mostly for those users that do not
+ want a prompt or are not used to having them in dc(1). Most of those users
+ would want to put this option in **DC_ENV_ARGS**.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-x** **--extended-register**
+
+: Enables extended register mode. See the *Extended Register Mode* subsection
+ of the **REGISTERS** section for more information.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **dc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **dc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the **NUMBERS**
+section) or a command (see the **COMMANDS** section), is processed and executed,
+in order. Input is processed immediately when entered.
+
+**ibase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+interpret constant numbers. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for
+interpreting input numbers. **ibase** is initially **10**. The max allowable
+value for **ibase** is **16**. The min allowable value for **ibase** is **2**.
+The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the
+**T** command.
+
+**obase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+output results. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting
+numbers. **obase** is initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is
+**DC_BASE_MAX** and can be queried with the **U** command. The min allowable
+value for **obase** is **0**. If **obase** is **0**, values are output in
+scientific notation, and if **obase** is **1**, values are output in engineering
+notation. Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are **non-portable
+extensions**.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a register (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) that sets the precision of any operations (with
+exceptions). **scale** is initially **0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max
+allowable value for **scale** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the **V**
+command.
+
+**seed** is a register containing the current seed for the pseudo-random number
+generator. If the current value of **seed** is queried and stored, then if it is
+assigned to **seed** later, the pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers that were generated after the
+value of **seed** was first queried.
+
+Multiple values assigned to **seed** can produce the same sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers. Likewise, when a value is assigned to **seed**, it is not
+guaranteed that querying **seed** immediately after will return the same value.
+In addition, the value of **seed** will change after any call to the **'**
+command or the **"** command that does not get receive a value of **0** or
+**1**. The maximum integer returned by the **'** command can be queried with the
+**W** command.
+
+**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with the
+**'** and **"** commands are guaranteed to **NOT** be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
+they **are** guaranteed to be reproducible with identical **seed** values.
+
+The pseudo-random number generator, **seed**, and all associated operations are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+# NUMBERS
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to **F**, and at
+most **1** period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **DC_NUM_MAX** digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e.,
+**A** equals **10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the
+current value of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit
+in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **F** alone always equals decimal
+**15**.
+
+In addition, dc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation. These have the form
+**\<number\>e\<integer\>**. The power (the portion after the **e**) must be an
+integer. An example is **1.89237e9**, which is equal to **1892370000**. Negative
+exponents are also allowed, so **4.2890e_3** is equal to **0.0042890**.
+
+**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
+interpreted according to the current **ibase**, but the number is still
+multiplied by **10\^exponent** regardless of the current **ibase**. For example,
+if **ibase** is **16** and dc(1) is given the number string **FFeA**, the
+resulting decimal number will be **2550000000000**, and if dc(1) is given the
+number string **10e_4**, the resulting decimal number will be **0.0016**.
+
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# COMMANDS
+
+The valid commands are listed below.
+
+## Printing
+
+These commands are used for printing.
+
+Note that both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for
+printing numbers. Scientific notation is activated by assigning **0** to
+**obase** using **0o**, and engineering notation is activated by assigning **1**
+to **obase** using **1o**. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to
+**obase**.
+
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**p**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a
+ newline after.
+
+ This does not alter the stack.
+
+**n**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it
+ off of the stack.
+
+**P**
+
+: Pops a value off the stack.
+
+ If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+ result is printed as though **obase** is **UCHAR_MAX+1** and each digit is
+ interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream.
+
+ If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**f**
+
+: Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+ without altering anything.
+
+ Users should use this command when they get lost.
+
+## Arithmetic
+
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+
+**+**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed
+ onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max *scale* of
+ both operands.
+
+**-**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max
+ *scale* of both operands.
+
+**\***
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result
+ is equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to **scale**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack.
+
+ Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale**, and
+ 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**~**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and
+ the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack.
+ This is equivalent to **x y / x y %** except that **x** and **y** are only
+ evaluated once.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+ power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+ value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+ non-zero.
+
+**v**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the
+ result is pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to
+ **scale**.
+
+ The value popped off of the stack must be non-negative.
+
+**\_**
+
+: If this command *immediately* precedes a number (i.e., no spaces or other
+ commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+
+ Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is
+ negated and pushed onto the stack. This behavior without a number is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**b**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back
+ onto the stack. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**|**
+
+: The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is
+ computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+ integer and non-zero. The second value popped is used as the exponent and
+ must be an integer and non-negative. The third value popped is the base and
+ must be an integer.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\$**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is truncated
+ and pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\@**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the second
+ is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or extension.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**H**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted left
+ (radix shifted right) to the value of the first.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**h**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted right
+ (radix shifted left) to the value of the first.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**G**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if they are equal, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**N**
+
+: The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a **0**, a **1** is
+ pushed; otherwise, a **0** is pushed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**(**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**{**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or **0**
+ otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**)**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**}**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**M**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If they are both non-zero, a
+ **1** is pushed onto the stack. If either of them is zero, or both of them
+ are, then a **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **&&** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**m**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If at least one of them is
+ non-zero, a **1** is pushed onto the stack. If both of them are zero, then a
+ **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **||** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Pseudo-Random Number Generator
+
+dc(1) has a built-in pseudo-random number generator. These commands query the
+pseudo-random number generator. (See Parameters for more information about the
+**seed** value that controls the pseudo-random number generator.)
+
+The pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to **NOT** be
+cryptographically secure.
+
+**'**
+
+: Generates an integer between 0 and **DC_RAND_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section).
+
+ The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+ limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**"**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an **exclusive** upper bound
+ on the integer that will be generated. If the bound is negative or is a
+ non-integer, an error is raised, and dc(1) resets (see the **RESET**
+ section) while **seed** remains unchanged. If the bound is larger than
+ **DC_RAND_MAX**, the higher bound is honored by generating several
+ pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of
+ **DC_RAND_MAX+1**, and adding them together. Thus, the size of integer that
+ can be generated with this command is unbounded. Using this command will
+ change the value of **seed**, unless the operand is **0** or **1**. In that
+ case, **0** is pushed onto the stack, and **seed** is *not* changed.
+
+ The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+ limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Stack Control
+
+These commands control the stack.
+
+**c**
+
+: Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+
+**d**
+
+: Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto
+ the stack.
+
+**r**
+
+: Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+
+**R**
+
+: Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+
+## Register Control
+
+These commands control registers (see the **REGISTERS** section).
+
+**s***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register *r*.
+
+**l***r*
+
+: Copies the value in register *r* and pushes it onto the stack. This does not
+ alter the contents of *r*.
+
+**S***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack
+ of register *r*. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+
+**L***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack for register *r* and push it onto
+ the main stack. The previous value in the stack for register *r*, if any, is
+ now accessible via the **l***r* command.
+
+## Parameters
+
+These commands control the values of **ibase**, **obase**, **scale**, and
+**seed**. Also see the **SYNTAX** section.
+
+**i**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **ibase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **16**, inclusive.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**o**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **obase**,
+ which must be between **0** and **DC_BASE_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section and the **NUMBERS** section).
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**k**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **scale**,
+ which must be non-negative.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**j**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **seed**. The
+ meaning of **seed** is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
+ generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
+
+ The *scale* and sign of the value may be significant.
+
+ If a previously used **seed** value is used again, the pseudo-random number
+ generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo-random
+ numbers as it did when the **seed** value was previously used.
+
+ The exact value assigned to **seed** is not guaranteed to be returned if the
+ **J** command is used. However, if **seed** *does* return a different value,
+ both values, when assigned to **seed**, are guaranteed to produce the same
+ sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain values assigned
+ to **seed** will not produce unique sequences of pseudo-random numbers.
+
+ There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
+ *scale* of the value that can be assigned to **seed**.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**I**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+**O**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+**K**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+**J**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **seed** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**T**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**U**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**V**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**W**
+
+: Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the **'**
+ pseudo-random number generator command.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Strings
+
+The following commands control strings.
+
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) can hold both strings and numbers. dc(1) always knows
+whether the contents of a register are a string or a number.
+
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if
+given a string, other commands accept strings.
+
+Strings can also be executed as macros. For example, if the string **[1pR]** is
+executed as a macro, then the code **1pR** is executed, meaning that the **1**
+will be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+
+**\[**_characters_**\]**
+
+: Makes a string containing *characters* and pushes it onto the stack.
+
+ If there are brackets (**\[** and **\]**) in the string, then they must be
+ balanced. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (**\\**)
+ character.
+
+ If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+ (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first)
+ backslash is not.
+
+**a**
+
+: The value on top of the stack is popped.
+
+ If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken. The
+ result mod **UCHAR_MAX+1** is calculated. If that result is **0**, push an
+ empty string; otherwise, push a one-character string where the character is
+ the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character.
+
+ If it is a string, then a new string is made. If the original string is
+ empty, the new string is empty. If it is not, then the first character of
+ the original string is used to create the new string as a one-character
+ string. The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**x**
+
+: Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+
+ This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+ command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+
+**\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ For example, **0 1>a** will execute the contents of register **a**, and
+ **1 0>a** will not.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**?**
+
+: Reads a line from the **stdin** and executes it. This is to allow macros to
+ request input from users.
+
+**q**
+
+: During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the
+ execution of the macro that executed it. If there are no macros, or only one
+ macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+
+**Q**
+
+: Pops a value from the stack which must be non-negative and is used the
+ number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack. If the number
+ of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1)
+ exits.
+
+## Status
+
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+
+**Z**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it
+ has and pushes the result.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+
+**X**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, pushes the *scale* of the value onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes **0**.
+
+**z**
+
+: Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+
+## Arrays
+
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+
+**:***r*
+
+: Pops the top two values off of the stack. The second value will be stored in
+ the array *r* (see the **REGISTERS** section), indexed by the first value.
+
+**;***r*
+
+: Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array
+ *r*. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+# REGISTERS
+
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays. (Number/string
+registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of
+the stack for the register. All registers, when first referenced, have one value
+(**0**) in their stack.
+
+In non-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that
+follows any command that needs a register name. The only exception is a newline
+(**'\\n'**); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+
+## Extended Register Mode
+
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited
+amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+
+If extended register mode is enabled (**-x** or **--extended-register**
+command-line arguments are given), then normal single character registers are
+used *unless* the character immediately following a command that needs a
+register name is a space (according to **isspace()**) and not a newline
+(**'\\n'**).
+
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+**\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\*** (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse error if
+the next non-space characters do not match that regex.
+
+# RESET
+
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+macros returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most dc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This dc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **DC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **DC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **DC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+
+**DC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where dc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **DC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **DC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**DC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_RAND_MAX**
+
+: The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the **'** command, if dc(1). Set
+ at **2\^DC_LONG_BIT-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**DC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to dc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **DC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs. Another use would
+ be to use the **-e** option to set **scale** to a value other than **0**.
+
+ The code that parses **DC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"dc\" file.dc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **DC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**DC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), dc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash newline combo. The default
+ line length is **70**.
+
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
+ generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**), places (**\@**), left shift (**H**), and right shift (**h**)
+ operators.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is
+ invalid.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, and attempting an operation when
+ the stack has too few elements.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the **COMMAND LINE HISTORY**
+section). It is also required to enable special handling for **SIGINT** signals.
+
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If dc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If dc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals. The one exception is **SIGHUP**; in that
+case, when dc(1) is in TTY mode, a **SIGHUP** will cause dc(1) to clean up and
+exit.
+
+# COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+
+dc(1) supports interactive command-line editing. If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see
+the **TTY MODE** section), history is enabled. Previous lines can be recalled
+and edited with the arrow keys.
+
+**Note**: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+
+# LOCALES
+
+This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales
+and thus, supports **LC_MESSAGS**.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+bc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1)
+[IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1] specification.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHOR
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/E.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/E.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/E.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1030 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# Name
+
+dc - arbitrary-precision reverse-Polish notation calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**dc** [**-hiPvVx**] [**--version**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--extended-register**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...] [*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+dc(1) is an arbitrary-precision calculator. It uses a stack (reverse Polish
+notation) to store numbers and results of computations. Arithmetic operations
+pop arguments off of the stack and push the results.
+
+If no files are given on the command-line as extra arguments (i.e., not as
+**-f** or **--file** arguments), then dc(1) reads from **stdin**. Otherwise,
+those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where **-e** (**--expression**) and **-f** (**--file**)
+arguments cause dc(1) to execute them and exit. The reason for this is that this
+dc(1) allows users to set arguments in the environment variable **DC_ENV_ARGS**
+(see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section). Any expressions given on the
+command-line should be used to set up a standard environment. For example, if a
+user wants the **scale** always set to **10**, they can set **DC_ENV_ARGS** to
+**-e 10k**, and this dc(1) will always start with a **scale** of **10**.
+
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from **-e** and
+**-f** arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add **-e q**
+as the last command-line argument or define the environment variable
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: Disables the prompt in TTY mode. (The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+ See the **TTY MODE** section) This is mostly for those users that do not
+ want a prompt or are not used to having them in dc(1). Most of those users
+ would want to put this option in **DC_ENV_ARGS**.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-x** **--extended-register**
+
+: Enables extended register mode. See the *Extended Register Mode* subsection
+ of the **REGISTERS** section for more information.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **dc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **dc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the **NUMBERS**
+section) or a command (see the **COMMANDS** section), is processed and executed,
+in order. Input is processed immediately when entered.
+
+**ibase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+interpret constant numbers. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for
+interpreting input numbers. **ibase** is initially **10**. The max allowable
+value for **ibase** is **16**. The min allowable value for **ibase** is **2**.
+The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the
+**T** command.
+
+**obase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+output results. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting
+numbers. **obase** is initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is
+**DC_BASE_MAX** and can be queried with the **U** command. The min allowable
+value for **obase** is **2**. Values are output in the specified base.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a register (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) that sets the precision of any operations (with
+exceptions). **scale** is initially **0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max
+allowable value for **scale** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the **V**
+command.
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+# NUMBERS
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to **F**, and at
+most **1** period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **DC_NUM_MAX** digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e.,
+**A** equals **10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the
+current value of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit
+in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **F** alone always equals decimal
+**15**.
+
+# COMMANDS
+
+The valid commands are listed below.
+
+## Printing
+
+These commands are used for printing.
+
+**p**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a
+ newline after.
+
+ This does not alter the stack.
+
+**n**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it
+ off of the stack.
+
+**P**
+
+: Pops a value off the stack.
+
+ If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+ result is printed as though **obase** is **UCHAR_MAX+1** and each digit is
+ interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream.
+
+ If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**f**
+
+: Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+ without altering anything.
+
+ Users should use this command when they get lost.
+
+## Arithmetic
+
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+
+**+**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed
+ onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max *scale* of
+ both operands.
+
+**-**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max
+ *scale* of both operands.
+
+**\***
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result
+ is equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to **scale**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack.
+
+ Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale**, and
+ 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**~**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and
+ the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack.
+ This is equivalent to **x y / x y %** except that **x** and **y** are only
+ evaluated once.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+ power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+ value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+ non-zero.
+
+**v**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the
+ result is pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to
+ **scale**.
+
+ The value popped off of the stack must be non-negative.
+
+**\_**
+
+: If this command *immediately* precedes a number (i.e., no spaces or other
+ commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+
+ Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is
+ negated and pushed onto the stack. This behavior without a number is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**b**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back
+ onto the stack. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**|**
+
+: The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is
+ computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+ integer and non-zero. The second value popped is used as the exponent and
+ must be an integer and non-negative. The third value popped is the base and
+ must be an integer.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**G**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if they are equal, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**N**
+
+: The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a **0**, a **1** is
+ pushed; otherwise, a **0** is pushed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**(**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**{**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or **0**
+ otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**)**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**}**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**M**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If they are both non-zero, a
+ **1** is pushed onto the stack. If either of them is zero, or both of them
+ are, then a **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **&&** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**m**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If at least one of them is
+ non-zero, a **1** is pushed onto the stack. If both of them are zero, then a
+ **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **||** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Stack Control
+
+These commands control the stack.
+
+**c**
+
+: Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+
+**d**
+
+: Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto
+ the stack.
+
+**r**
+
+: Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+
+**R**
+
+: Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+
+## Register Control
+
+These commands control registers (see the **REGISTERS** section).
+
+**s***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register *r*.
+
+**l***r*
+
+: Copies the value in register *r* and pushes it onto the stack. This does not
+ alter the contents of *r*.
+
+**S***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack
+ of register *r*. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+
+**L***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack for register *r* and push it onto
+ the main stack. The previous value in the stack for register *r*, if any, is
+ now accessible via the **l***r* command.
+
+## Parameters
+
+These commands control the values of **ibase**, **obase**, and **scale**. Also
+see the **SYNTAX** section.
+
+**i**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **ibase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **16**, inclusive.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**o**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **obase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **DC_BASE_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section).
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**k**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **scale**,
+ which must be non-negative.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**I**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+**O**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+**K**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+**T**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**U**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**V**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Strings
+
+The following commands control strings.
+
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) can hold both strings and numbers. dc(1) always knows
+whether the contents of a register are a string or a number.
+
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if
+given a string, other commands accept strings.
+
+Strings can also be executed as macros. For example, if the string **[1pR]** is
+executed as a macro, then the code **1pR** is executed, meaning that the **1**
+will be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+
+**\[**_characters_**\]**
+
+: Makes a string containing *characters* and pushes it onto the stack.
+
+ If there are brackets (**\[** and **\]**) in the string, then they must be
+ balanced. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (**\\**)
+ character.
+
+ If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+ (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first)
+ backslash is not.
+
+**a**
+
+: The value on top of the stack is popped.
+
+ If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken. The
+ result mod **UCHAR_MAX+1** is calculated. If that result is **0**, push an
+ empty string; otherwise, push a one-character string where the character is
+ the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character.
+
+ If it is a string, then a new string is made. If the original string is
+ empty, the new string is empty. If it is not, then the first character of
+ the original string is used to create the new string as a one-character
+ string. The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**x**
+
+: Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+
+ This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+ command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+
+**\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ For example, **0 1>a** will execute the contents of register **a**, and
+ **1 0>a** will not.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**?**
+
+: Reads a line from the **stdin** and executes it. This is to allow macros to
+ request input from users.
+
+**q**
+
+: During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the
+ execution of the macro that executed it. If there are no macros, or only one
+ macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+
+**Q**
+
+: Pops a value from the stack which must be non-negative and is used the
+ number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack. If the number
+ of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1)
+ exits.
+
+## Status
+
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+
+**Z**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it
+ has and pushes the result.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+
+**X**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, pushes the *scale* of the value onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes **0**.
+
+**z**
+
+: Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+
+## Arrays
+
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+
+**:***r*
+
+: Pops the top two values off of the stack. The second value will be stored in
+ the array *r* (see the **REGISTERS** section), indexed by the first value.
+
+**;***r*
+
+: Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array
+ *r*. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+# REGISTERS
+
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays. (Number/string
+registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of
+the stack for the register. All registers, when first referenced, have one value
+(**0**) in their stack.
+
+In non-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that
+follows any command that needs a register name. The only exception is a newline
+(**'\\n'**); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+
+## Extended Register Mode
+
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited
+amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+
+If extended register mode is enabled (**-x** or **--extended-register**
+command-line arguments are given), then normal single character registers are
+used *unless* the character immediately following a command that needs a
+register name is a space (according to **isspace()**) and not a newline
+(**'\\n'**).
+
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+**\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\*** (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse error if
+the next non-space characters do not match that regex.
+
+# RESET
+
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+macros returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most dc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This dc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **DC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **DC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **DC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+
+**DC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where dc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **DC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **DC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**DC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**DC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to dc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **DC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs. Another use would
+ be to use the **-e** option to set **scale** to a value other than **0**.
+
+ The code that parses **DC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"dc\" file.dc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **DC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**DC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), dc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash newline combo. The default
+ line length is **70**.
+
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**) operator.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is
+ invalid.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, and attempting an operation when
+ the stack has too few elements.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the **COMMAND LINE HISTORY**
+section). It is also required to enable special handling for **SIGINT** signals.
+
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If dc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If dc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals. The one exception is **SIGHUP**; in that
+case, when dc(1) is in TTY mode, a **SIGHUP** will cause dc(1) to clean up and
+exit.
+
+# COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+
+dc(1) supports interactive command-line editing. If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see
+the **TTY MODE** section), history is enabled. Previous lines can be recalled
+and edited with the arrow keys.
+
+**Note**: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+
+# LOCALES
+
+This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales
+and thus, supports **LC_MESSAGS**.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+bc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1)
+[IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1] specification.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHOR
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EH.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EH.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EH.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1017 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# Name
+
+dc - arbitrary-precision reverse-Polish notation calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**dc** [**-hiPvVx**] [**--version**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--extended-register**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...] [*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+dc(1) is an arbitrary-precision calculator. It uses a stack (reverse Polish
+notation) to store numbers and results of computations. Arithmetic operations
+pop arguments off of the stack and push the results.
+
+If no files are given on the command-line as extra arguments (i.e., not as
+**-f** or **--file** arguments), then dc(1) reads from **stdin**. Otherwise,
+those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where **-e** (**--expression**) and **-f** (**--file**)
+arguments cause dc(1) to execute them and exit. The reason for this is that this
+dc(1) allows users to set arguments in the environment variable **DC_ENV_ARGS**
+(see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section). Any expressions given on the
+command-line should be used to set up a standard environment. For example, if a
+user wants the **scale** always set to **10**, they can set **DC_ENV_ARGS** to
+**-e 10k**, and this dc(1) will always start with a **scale** of **10**.
+
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from **-e** and
+**-f** arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add **-e q**
+as the last command-line argument or define the environment variable
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: Disables the prompt in TTY mode. (The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+ See the **TTY MODE** section) This is mostly for those users that do not
+ want a prompt or are not used to having them in dc(1). Most of those users
+ would want to put this option in **DC_ENV_ARGS**.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-x** **--extended-register**
+
+: Enables extended register mode. See the *Extended Register Mode* subsection
+ of the **REGISTERS** section for more information.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **dc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **dc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the **NUMBERS**
+section) or a command (see the **COMMANDS** section), is processed and executed,
+in order. Input is processed immediately when entered.
+
+**ibase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+interpret constant numbers. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for
+interpreting input numbers. **ibase** is initially **10**. The max allowable
+value for **ibase** is **16**. The min allowable value for **ibase** is **2**.
+The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the
+**T** command.
+
+**obase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+output results. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting
+numbers. **obase** is initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is
+**DC_BASE_MAX** and can be queried with the **U** command. The min allowable
+value for **obase** is **2**. Values are output in the specified base.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a register (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) that sets the precision of any operations (with
+exceptions). **scale** is initially **0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max
+allowable value for **scale** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the **V**
+command.
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+# NUMBERS
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to **F**, and at
+most **1** period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **DC_NUM_MAX** digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e.,
+**A** equals **10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the
+current value of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit
+in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **F** alone always equals decimal
+**15**.
+
+# COMMANDS
+
+The valid commands are listed below.
+
+## Printing
+
+These commands are used for printing.
+
+**p**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a
+ newline after.
+
+ This does not alter the stack.
+
+**n**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it
+ off of the stack.
+
+**P**
+
+: Pops a value off the stack.
+
+ If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+ result is printed as though **obase** is **UCHAR_MAX+1** and each digit is
+ interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream.
+
+ If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**f**
+
+: Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+ without altering anything.
+
+ Users should use this command when they get lost.
+
+## Arithmetic
+
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+
+**+**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed
+ onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max *scale* of
+ both operands.
+
+**-**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max
+ *scale* of both operands.
+
+**\***
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result
+ is equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to **scale**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack.
+
+ Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale**, and
+ 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**~**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and
+ the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack.
+ This is equivalent to **x y / x y %** except that **x** and **y** are only
+ evaluated once.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+ power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+ value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+ non-zero.
+
+**v**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the
+ result is pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to
+ **scale**.
+
+ The value popped off of the stack must be non-negative.
+
+**\_**
+
+: If this command *immediately* precedes a number (i.e., no spaces or other
+ commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+
+ Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is
+ negated and pushed onto the stack. This behavior without a number is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**b**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back
+ onto the stack. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**|**
+
+: The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is
+ computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+ integer and non-zero. The second value popped is used as the exponent and
+ must be an integer and non-negative. The third value popped is the base and
+ must be an integer.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**G**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if they are equal, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**N**
+
+: The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a **0**, a **1** is
+ pushed; otherwise, a **0** is pushed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**(**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**{**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or **0**
+ otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**)**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**}**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**M**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If they are both non-zero, a
+ **1** is pushed onto the stack. If either of them is zero, or both of them
+ are, then a **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **&&** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**m**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If at least one of them is
+ non-zero, a **1** is pushed onto the stack. If both of them are zero, then a
+ **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **||** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Stack Control
+
+These commands control the stack.
+
+**c**
+
+: Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+
+**d**
+
+: Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto
+ the stack.
+
+**r**
+
+: Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+
+**R**
+
+: Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+
+## Register Control
+
+These commands control registers (see the **REGISTERS** section).
+
+**s***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register *r*.
+
+**l***r*
+
+: Copies the value in register *r* and pushes it onto the stack. This does not
+ alter the contents of *r*.
+
+**S***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack
+ of register *r*. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+
+**L***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack for register *r* and push it onto
+ the main stack. The previous value in the stack for register *r*, if any, is
+ now accessible via the **l***r* command.
+
+## Parameters
+
+These commands control the values of **ibase**, **obase**, and **scale**. Also
+see the **SYNTAX** section.
+
+**i**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **ibase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **16**, inclusive.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**o**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **obase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **DC_BASE_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section).
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**k**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **scale**,
+ which must be non-negative.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**I**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+**O**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+**K**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+**T**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**U**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**V**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Strings
+
+The following commands control strings.
+
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) can hold both strings and numbers. dc(1) always knows
+whether the contents of a register are a string or a number.
+
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if
+given a string, other commands accept strings.
+
+Strings can also be executed as macros. For example, if the string **[1pR]** is
+executed as a macro, then the code **1pR** is executed, meaning that the **1**
+will be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+
+**\[**_characters_**\]**
+
+: Makes a string containing *characters* and pushes it onto the stack.
+
+ If there are brackets (**\[** and **\]**) in the string, then they must be
+ balanced. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (**\\**)
+ character.
+
+ If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+ (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first)
+ backslash is not.
+
+**a**
+
+: The value on top of the stack is popped.
+
+ If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken. The
+ result mod **UCHAR_MAX+1** is calculated. If that result is **0**, push an
+ empty string; otherwise, push a one-character string where the character is
+ the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character.
+
+ If it is a string, then a new string is made. If the original string is
+ empty, the new string is empty. If it is not, then the first character of
+ the original string is used to create the new string as a one-character
+ string. The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**x**
+
+: Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+
+ This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+ command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+
+**\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ For example, **0 1>a** will execute the contents of register **a**, and
+ **1 0>a** will not.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**?**
+
+: Reads a line from the **stdin** and executes it. This is to allow macros to
+ request input from users.
+
+**q**
+
+: During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the
+ execution of the macro that executed it. If there are no macros, or only one
+ macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+
+**Q**
+
+: Pops a value from the stack which must be non-negative and is used the
+ number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack. If the number
+ of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1)
+ exits.
+
+## Status
+
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+
+**Z**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it
+ has and pushes the result.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+
+**X**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, pushes the *scale* of the value onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes **0**.
+
+**z**
+
+: Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+
+## Arrays
+
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+
+**:***r*
+
+: Pops the top two values off of the stack. The second value will be stored in
+ the array *r* (see the **REGISTERS** section), indexed by the first value.
+
+**;***r*
+
+: Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array
+ *r*. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+# REGISTERS
+
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays. (Number/string
+registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of
+the stack for the register. All registers, when first referenced, have one value
+(**0**) in their stack.
+
+In non-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that
+follows any command that needs a register name. The only exception is a newline
+(**'\\n'**); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+
+## Extended Register Mode
+
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited
+amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+
+If extended register mode is enabled (**-x** or **--extended-register**
+command-line arguments are given), then normal single character registers are
+used *unless* the character immediately following a command that needs a
+register name is a space (according to **isspace()**) and not a newline
+(**'\\n'**).
+
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+**\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\*** (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse error if
+the next non-space characters do not match that regex.
+
+# RESET
+
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+macros returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most dc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This dc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **DC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **DC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **DC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+
+**DC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where dc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **DC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **DC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**DC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**DC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to dc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **DC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs. Another use would
+ be to use the **-e** option to set **scale** to a value other than **0**.
+
+ The code that parses **DC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"dc\" file.dc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **DC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**DC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), dc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash newline combo. The default
+ line length is **70**.
+
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**) operator.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is
+ invalid.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, and attempting an operation when
+ the stack has too few elements.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If dc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If dc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals.
+
+# LOCALES
+
+This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales
+and thus, supports **LC_MESSAGS**.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+bc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1)
+[IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1] specification.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHOR
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHN.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHN.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHN.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1012 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# Name
+
+dc - arbitrary-precision reverse-Polish notation calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**dc** [**-hiPvVx**] [**--version**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--extended-register**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...] [*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+dc(1) is an arbitrary-precision calculator. It uses a stack (reverse Polish
+notation) to store numbers and results of computations. Arithmetic operations
+pop arguments off of the stack and push the results.
+
+If no files are given on the command-line as extra arguments (i.e., not as
+**-f** or **--file** arguments), then dc(1) reads from **stdin**. Otherwise,
+those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where **-e** (**--expression**) and **-f** (**--file**)
+arguments cause dc(1) to execute them and exit. The reason for this is that this
+dc(1) allows users to set arguments in the environment variable **DC_ENV_ARGS**
+(see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section). Any expressions given on the
+command-line should be used to set up a standard environment. For example, if a
+user wants the **scale** always set to **10**, they can set **DC_ENV_ARGS** to
+**-e 10k**, and this dc(1) will always start with a **scale** of **10**.
+
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from **-e** and
+**-f** arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add **-e q**
+as the last command-line argument or define the environment variable
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: Disables the prompt in TTY mode. (The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+ See the **TTY MODE** section) This is mostly for those users that do not
+ want a prompt or are not used to having them in dc(1). Most of those users
+ would want to put this option in **DC_ENV_ARGS**.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-x** **--extended-register**
+
+: Enables extended register mode. See the *Extended Register Mode* subsection
+ of the **REGISTERS** section for more information.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **dc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **dc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the **NUMBERS**
+section) or a command (see the **COMMANDS** section), is processed and executed,
+in order. Input is processed immediately when entered.
+
+**ibase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+interpret constant numbers. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for
+interpreting input numbers. **ibase** is initially **10**. The max allowable
+value for **ibase** is **16**. The min allowable value for **ibase** is **2**.
+The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the
+**T** command.
+
+**obase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+output results. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting
+numbers. **obase** is initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is
+**DC_BASE_MAX** and can be queried with the **U** command. The min allowable
+value for **obase** is **2**. Values are output in the specified base.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a register (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) that sets the precision of any operations (with
+exceptions). **scale** is initially **0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max
+allowable value for **scale** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the **V**
+command.
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+# NUMBERS
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to **F**, and at
+most **1** period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **DC_NUM_MAX** digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e.,
+**A** equals **10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the
+current value of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit
+in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **F** alone always equals decimal
+**15**.
+
+# COMMANDS
+
+The valid commands are listed below.
+
+## Printing
+
+These commands are used for printing.
+
+**p**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a
+ newline after.
+
+ This does not alter the stack.
+
+**n**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it
+ off of the stack.
+
+**P**
+
+: Pops a value off the stack.
+
+ If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+ result is printed as though **obase** is **UCHAR_MAX+1** and each digit is
+ interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream.
+
+ If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**f**
+
+: Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+ without altering anything.
+
+ Users should use this command when they get lost.
+
+## Arithmetic
+
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+
+**+**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed
+ onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max *scale* of
+ both operands.
+
+**-**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max
+ *scale* of both operands.
+
+**\***
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result
+ is equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to **scale**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack.
+
+ Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale**, and
+ 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**~**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and
+ the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack.
+ This is equivalent to **x y / x y %** except that **x** and **y** are only
+ evaluated once.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+ power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+ value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+ non-zero.
+
+**v**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the
+ result is pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to
+ **scale**.
+
+ The value popped off of the stack must be non-negative.
+
+**\_**
+
+: If this command *immediately* precedes a number (i.e., no spaces or other
+ commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+
+ Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is
+ negated and pushed onto the stack. This behavior without a number is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**b**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back
+ onto the stack. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**|**
+
+: The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is
+ computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+ integer and non-zero. The second value popped is used as the exponent and
+ must be an integer and non-negative. The third value popped is the base and
+ must be an integer.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**G**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if they are equal, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**N**
+
+: The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a **0**, a **1** is
+ pushed; otherwise, a **0** is pushed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**(**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**{**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or **0**
+ otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**)**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**}**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**M**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If they are both non-zero, a
+ **1** is pushed onto the stack. If either of them is zero, or both of them
+ are, then a **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **&&** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**m**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If at least one of them is
+ non-zero, a **1** is pushed onto the stack. If both of them are zero, then a
+ **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **||** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Stack Control
+
+These commands control the stack.
+
+**c**
+
+: Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+
+**d**
+
+: Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto
+ the stack.
+
+**r**
+
+: Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+
+**R**
+
+: Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+
+## Register Control
+
+These commands control registers (see the **REGISTERS** section).
+
+**s***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register *r*.
+
+**l***r*
+
+: Copies the value in register *r* and pushes it onto the stack. This does not
+ alter the contents of *r*.
+
+**S***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack
+ of register *r*. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+
+**L***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack for register *r* and push it onto
+ the main stack. The previous value in the stack for register *r*, if any, is
+ now accessible via the **l***r* command.
+
+## Parameters
+
+These commands control the values of **ibase**, **obase**, and **scale**. Also
+see the **SYNTAX** section.
+
+**i**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **ibase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **16**, inclusive.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**o**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **obase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **DC_BASE_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section).
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**k**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **scale**,
+ which must be non-negative.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**I**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+**O**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+**K**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+**T**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**U**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**V**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Strings
+
+The following commands control strings.
+
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) can hold both strings and numbers. dc(1) always knows
+whether the contents of a register are a string or a number.
+
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if
+given a string, other commands accept strings.
+
+Strings can also be executed as macros. For example, if the string **[1pR]** is
+executed as a macro, then the code **1pR** is executed, meaning that the **1**
+will be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+
+**\[**_characters_**\]**
+
+: Makes a string containing *characters* and pushes it onto the stack.
+
+ If there are brackets (**\[** and **\]**) in the string, then they must be
+ balanced. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (**\\**)
+ character.
+
+ If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+ (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first)
+ backslash is not.
+
+**a**
+
+: The value on top of the stack is popped.
+
+ If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken. The
+ result mod **UCHAR_MAX+1** is calculated. If that result is **0**, push an
+ empty string; otherwise, push a one-character string where the character is
+ the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character.
+
+ If it is a string, then a new string is made. If the original string is
+ empty, the new string is empty. If it is not, then the first character of
+ the original string is used to create the new string as a one-character
+ string. The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**x**
+
+: Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+
+ This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+ command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+
+**\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ For example, **0 1>a** will execute the contents of register **a**, and
+ **1 0>a** will not.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**?**
+
+: Reads a line from the **stdin** and executes it. This is to allow macros to
+ request input from users.
+
+**q**
+
+: During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the
+ execution of the macro that executed it. If there are no macros, or only one
+ macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+
+**Q**
+
+: Pops a value from the stack which must be non-negative and is used the
+ number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack. If the number
+ of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1)
+ exits.
+
+## Status
+
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+
+**Z**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it
+ has and pushes the result.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+
+**X**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, pushes the *scale* of the value onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes **0**.
+
+**z**
+
+: Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+
+## Arrays
+
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+
+**:***r*
+
+: Pops the top two values off of the stack. The second value will be stored in
+ the array *r* (see the **REGISTERS** section), indexed by the first value.
+
+**;***r*
+
+: Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array
+ *r*. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+# REGISTERS
+
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays. (Number/string
+registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of
+the stack for the register. All registers, when first referenced, have one value
+(**0**) in their stack.
+
+In non-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that
+follows any command that needs a register name. The only exception is a newline
+(**'\\n'**); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+
+## Extended Register Mode
+
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited
+amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+
+If extended register mode is enabled (**-x** or **--extended-register**
+command-line arguments are given), then normal single character registers are
+used *unless* the character immediately following a command that needs a
+register name is a space (according to **isspace()**) and not a newline
+(**'\\n'**).
+
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+**\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\*** (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse error if
+the next non-space characters do not match that regex.
+
+# RESET
+
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+macros returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most dc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This dc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **DC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **DC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **DC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+
+**DC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where dc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **DC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **DC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**DC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**DC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to dc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **DC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs. Another use would
+ be to use the **-e** option to set **scale** to a value other than **0**.
+
+ The code that parses **DC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"dc\" file.dc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **DC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**DC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), dc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash newline combo. The default
+ line length is **70**.
+
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**) operator.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is
+ invalid.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, and attempting an operation when
+ the stack has too few elements.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If dc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If dc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+bc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1)
+[IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1] specification.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHOR
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHNP.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHNP.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHNP.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1007 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# Name
+
+dc - arbitrary-precision reverse-Polish notation calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**dc** [**-hiPvVx**] [**--version**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--extended-register**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...] [*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+dc(1) is an arbitrary-precision calculator. It uses a stack (reverse Polish
+notation) to store numbers and results of computations. Arithmetic operations
+pop arguments off of the stack and push the results.
+
+If no files are given on the command-line as extra arguments (i.e., not as
+**-f** or **--file** arguments), then dc(1) reads from **stdin**. Otherwise,
+those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where **-e** (**--expression**) and **-f** (**--file**)
+arguments cause dc(1) to execute them and exit. The reason for this is that this
+dc(1) allows users to set arguments in the environment variable **DC_ENV_ARGS**
+(see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section). Any expressions given on the
+command-line should be used to set up a standard environment. For example, if a
+user wants the **scale** always set to **10**, they can set **DC_ENV_ARGS** to
+**-e 10k**, and this dc(1) will always start with a **scale** of **10**.
+
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from **-e** and
+**-f** arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add **-e q**
+as the last command-line argument or define the environment variable
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: This option is a no-op.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-x** **--extended-register**
+
+: Enables extended register mode. See the *Extended Register Mode* subsection
+ of the **REGISTERS** section for more information.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **dc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **dc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the **NUMBERS**
+section) or a command (see the **COMMANDS** section), is processed and executed,
+in order. Input is processed immediately when entered.
+
+**ibase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+interpret constant numbers. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for
+interpreting input numbers. **ibase** is initially **10**. The max allowable
+value for **ibase** is **16**. The min allowable value for **ibase** is **2**.
+The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the
+**T** command.
+
+**obase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+output results. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting
+numbers. **obase** is initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is
+**DC_BASE_MAX** and can be queried with the **U** command. The min allowable
+value for **obase** is **2**. Values are output in the specified base.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a register (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) that sets the precision of any operations (with
+exceptions). **scale** is initially **0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max
+allowable value for **scale** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the **V**
+command.
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+# NUMBERS
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to **F**, and at
+most **1** period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **DC_NUM_MAX** digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e.,
+**A** equals **10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the
+current value of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit
+in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **F** alone always equals decimal
+**15**.
+
+# COMMANDS
+
+The valid commands are listed below.
+
+## Printing
+
+These commands are used for printing.
+
+**p**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a
+ newline after.
+
+ This does not alter the stack.
+
+**n**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it
+ off of the stack.
+
+**P**
+
+: Pops a value off the stack.
+
+ If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+ result is printed as though **obase** is **UCHAR_MAX+1** and each digit is
+ interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream.
+
+ If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**f**
+
+: Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+ without altering anything.
+
+ Users should use this command when they get lost.
+
+## Arithmetic
+
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+
+**+**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed
+ onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max *scale* of
+ both operands.
+
+**-**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max
+ *scale* of both operands.
+
+**\***
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result
+ is equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to **scale**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack.
+
+ Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale**, and
+ 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**~**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and
+ the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack.
+ This is equivalent to **x y / x y %** except that **x** and **y** are only
+ evaluated once.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+ power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+ value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+ non-zero.
+
+**v**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the
+ result is pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to
+ **scale**.
+
+ The value popped off of the stack must be non-negative.
+
+**\_**
+
+: If this command *immediately* precedes a number (i.e., no spaces or other
+ commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+
+ Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is
+ negated and pushed onto the stack. This behavior without a number is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**b**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back
+ onto the stack. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**|**
+
+: The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is
+ computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+ integer and non-zero. The second value popped is used as the exponent and
+ must be an integer and non-negative. The third value popped is the base and
+ must be an integer.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**G**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if they are equal, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**N**
+
+: The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a **0**, a **1** is
+ pushed; otherwise, a **0** is pushed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**(**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**{**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or **0**
+ otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**)**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**}**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**M**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If they are both non-zero, a
+ **1** is pushed onto the stack. If either of them is zero, or both of them
+ are, then a **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **&&** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**m**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If at least one of them is
+ non-zero, a **1** is pushed onto the stack. If both of them are zero, then a
+ **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **||** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Stack Control
+
+These commands control the stack.
+
+**c**
+
+: Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+
+**d**
+
+: Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto
+ the stack.
+
+**r**
+
+: Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+
+**R**
+
+: Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+
+## Register Control
+
+These commands control registers (see the **REGISTERS** section).
+
+**s***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register *r*.
+
+**l***r*
+
+: Copies the value in register *r* and pushes it onto the stack. This does not
+ alter the contents of *r*.
+
+**S***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack
+ of register *r*. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+
+**L***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack for register *r* and push it onto
+ the main stack. The previous value in the stack for register *r*, if any, is
+ now accessible via the **l***r* command.
+
+## Parameters
+
+These commands control the values of **ibase**, **obase**, and **scale**. Also
+see the **SYNTAX** section.
+
+**i**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **ibase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **16**, inclusive.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**o**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **obase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **DC_BASE_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section).
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**k**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **scale**,
+ which must be non-negative.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**I**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+**O**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+**K**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+**T**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**U**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**V**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Strings
+
+The following commands control strings.
+
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) can hold both strings and numbers. dc(1) always knows
+whether the contents of a register are a string or a number.
+
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if
+given a string, other commands accept strings.
+
+Strings can also be executed as macros. For example, if the string **[1pR]** is
+executed as a macro, then the code **1pR** is executed, meaning that the **1**
+will be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+
+**\[**_characters_**\]**
+
+: Makes a string containing *characters* and pushes it onto the stack.
+
+ If there are brackets (**\[** and **\]**) in the string, then they must be
+ balanced. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (**\\**)
+ character.
+
+ If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+ (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first)
+ backslash is not.
+
+**a**
+
+: The value on top of the stack is popped.
+
+ If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken. The
+ result mod **UCHAR_MAX+1** is calculated. If that result is **0**, push an
+ empty string; otherwise, push a one-character string where the character is
+ the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character.
+
+ If it is a string, then a new string is made. If the original string is
+ empty, the new string is empty. If it is not, then the first character of
+ the original string is used to create the new string as a one-character
+ string. The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**x**
+
+: Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+
+ This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+ command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+
+**\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ For example, **0 1>a** will execute the contents of register **a**, and
+ **1 0>a** will not.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**?**
+
+: Reads a line from the **stdin** and executes it. This is to allow macros to
+ request input from users.
+
+**q**
+
+: During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the
+ execution of the macro that executed it. If there are no macros, or only one
+ macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+
+**Q**
+
+: Pops a value from the stack which must be non-negative and is used the
+ number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack. If the number
+ of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1)
+ exits.
+
+## Status
+
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+
+**Z**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it
+ has and pushes the result.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+
+**X**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, pushes the *scale* of the value onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes **0**.
+
+**z**
+
+: Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+
+## Arrays
+
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+
+**:***r*
+
+: Pops the top two values off of the stack. The second value will be stored in
+ the array *r* (see the **REGISTERS** section), indexed by the first value.
+
+**;***r*
+
+: Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array
+ *r*. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+# REGISTERS
+
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays. (Number/string
+registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of
+the stack for the register. All registers, when first referenced, have one value
+(**0**) in their stack.
+
+In non-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that
+follows any command that needs a register name. The only exception is a newline
+(**'\\n'**); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+
+## Extended Register Mode
+
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited
+amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+
+If extended register mode is enabled (**-x** or **--extended-register**
+command-line arguments are given), then normal single character registers are
+used *unless* the character immediately following a command that needs a
+register name is a space (according to **isspace()**) and not a newline
+(**'\\n'**).
+
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+**\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\*** (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse error if
+the next non-space characters do not match that regex.
+
+# RESET
+
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+macros returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most dc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This dc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **DC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **DC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **DC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+
+**DC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where dc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **DC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **DC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**DC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**DC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to dc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **DC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs. Another use would
+ be to use the **-e** option to set **scale** to a value other than **0**.
+
+ The code that parses **DC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"dc\" file.dc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **DC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**DC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), dc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash newline combo. The default
+ line length is **70**.
+
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**) operator.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is
+ invalid.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, and attempting an operation when
+ the stack has too few elements.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If dc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If dc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+bc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1)
+[IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1] specification.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHOR
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHP.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHP.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EHP.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1012 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# Name
+
+dc - arbitrary-precision reverse-Polish notation calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**dc** [**-hiPvVx**] [**--version**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--extended-register**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...] [*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+dc(1) is an arbitrary-precision calculator. It uses a stack (reverse Polish
+notation) to store numbers and results of computations. Arithmetic operations
+pop arguments off of the stack and push the results.
+
+If no files are given on the command-line as extra arguments (i.e., not as
+**-f** or **--file** arguments), then dc(1) reads from **stdin**. Otherwise,
+those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where **-e** (**--expression**) and **-f** (**--file**)
+arguments cause dc(1) to execute them and exit. The reason for this is that this
+dc(1) allows users to set arguments in the environment variable **DC_ENV_ARGS**
+(see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section). Any expressions given on the
+command-line should be used to set up a standard environment. For example, if a
+user wants the **scale** always set to **10**, they can set **DC_ENV_ARGS** to
+**-e 10k**, and this dc(1) will always start with a **scale** of **10**.
+
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from **-e** and
+**-f** arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add **-e q**
+as the last command-line argument or define the environment variable
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: This option is a no-op.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-x** **--extended-register**
+
+: Enables extended register mode. See the *Extended Register Mode* subsection
+ of the **REGISTERS** section for more information.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **dc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **dc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the **NUMBERS**
+section) or a command (see the **COMMANDS** section), is processed and executed,
+in order. Input is processed immediately when entered.
+
+**ibase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+interpret constant numbers. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for
+interpreting input numbers. **ibase** is initially **10**. The max allowable
+value for **ibase** is **16**. The min allowable value for **ibase** is **2**.
+The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the
+**T** command.
+
+**obase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+output results. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting
+numbers. **obase** is initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is
+**DC_BASE_MAX** and can be queried with the **U** command. The min allowable
+value for **obase** is **2**. Values are output in the specified base.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a register (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) that sets the precision of any operations (with
+exceptions). **scale** is initially **0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max
+allowable value for **scale** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the **V**
+command.
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+# NUMBERS
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to **F**, and at
+most **1** period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **DC_NUM_MAX** digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e.,
+**A** equals **10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the
+current value of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit
+in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **F** alone always equals decimal
+**15**.
+
+# COMMANDS
+
+The valid commands are listed below.
+
+## Printing
+
+These commands are used for printing.
+
+**p**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a
+ newline after.
+
+ This does not alter the stack.
+
+**n**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it
+ off of the stack.
+
+**P**
+
+: Pops a value off the stack.
+
+ If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+ result is printed as though **obase** is **UCHAR_MAX+1** and each digit is
+ interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream.
+
+ If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**f**
+
+: Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+ without altering anything.
+
+ Users should use this command when they get lost.
+
+## Arithmetic
+
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+
+**+**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed
+ onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max *scale* of
+ both operands.
+
+**-**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max
+ *scale* of both operands.
+
+**\***
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result
+ is equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to **scale**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack.
+
+ Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale**, and
+ 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**~**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and
+ the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack.
+ This is equivalent to **x y / x y %** except that **x** and **y** are only
+ evaluated once.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+ power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+ value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+ non-zero.
+
+**v**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the
+ result is pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to
+ **scale**.
+
+ The value popped off of the stack must be non-negative.
+
+**\_**
+
+: If this command *immediately* precedes a number (i.e., no spaces or other
+ commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+
+ Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is
+ negated and pushed onto the stack. This behavior without a number is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**b**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back
+ onto the stack. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**|**
+
+: The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is
+ computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+ integer and non-zero. The second value popped is used as the exponent and
+ must be an integer and non-negative. The third value popped is the base and
+ must be an integer.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**G**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if they are equal, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**N**
+
+: The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a **0**, a **1** is
+ pushed; otherwise, a **0** is pushed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**(**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**{**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or **0**
+ otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**)**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**}**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**M**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If they are both non-zero, a
+ **1** is pushed onto the stack. If either of them is zero, or both of them
+ are, then a **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **&&** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**m**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If at least one of them is
+ non-zero, a **1** is pushed onto the stack. If both of them are zero, then a
+ **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **||** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Stack Control
+
+These commands control the stack.
+
+**c**
+
+: Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+
+**d**
+
+: Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto
+ the stack.
+
+**r**
+
+: Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+
+**R**
+
+: Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+
+## Register Control
+
+These commands control registers (see the **REGISTERS** section).
+
+**s***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register *r*.
+
+**l***r*
+
+: Copies the value in register *r* and pushes it onto the stack. This does not
+ alter the contents of *r*.
+
+**S***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack
+ of register *r*. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+
+**L***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack for register *r* and push it onto
+ the main stack. The previous value in the stack for register *r*, if any, is
+ now accessible via the **l***r* command.
+
+## Parameters
+
+These commands control the values of **ibase**, **obase**, and **scale**. Also
+see the **SYNTAX** section.
+
+**i**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **ibase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **16**, inclusive.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**o**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **obase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **DC_BASE_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section).
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**k**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **scale**,
+ which must be non-negative.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**I**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+**O**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+**K**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+**T**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**U**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**V**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Strings
+
+The following commands control strings.
+
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) can hold both strings and numbers. dc(1) always knows
+whether the contents of a register are a string or a number.
+
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if
+given a string, other commands accept strings.
+
+Strings can also be executed as macros. For example, if the string **[1pR]** is
+executed as a macro, then the code **1pR** is executed, meaning that the **1**
+will be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+
+**\[**_characters_**\]**
+
+: Makes a string containing *characters* and pushes it onto the stack.
+
+ If there are brackets (**\[** and **\]**) in the string, then they must be
+ balanced. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (**\\**)
+ character.
+
+ If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+ (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first)
+ backslash is not.
+
+**a**
+
+: The value on top of the stack is popped.
+
+ If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken. The
+ result mod **UCHAR_MAX+1** is calculated. If that result is **0**, push an
+ empty string; otherwise, push a one-character string where the character is
+ the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character.
+
+ If it is a string, then a new string is made. If the original string is
+ empty, the new string is empty. If it is not, then the first character of
+ the original string is used to create the new string as a one-character
+ string. The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**x**
+
+: Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+
+ This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+ command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+
+**\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ For example, **0 1>a** will execute the contents of register **a**, and
+ **1 0>a** will not.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**?**
+
+: Reads a line from the **stdin** and executes it. This is to allow macros to
+ request input from users.
+
+**q**
+
+: During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the
+ execution of the macro that executed it. If there are no macros, or only one
+ macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+
+**Q**
+
+: Pops a value from the stack which must be non-negative and is used the
+ number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack. If the number
+ of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1)
+ exits.
+
+## Status
+
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+
+**Z**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it
+ has and pushes the result.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+
+**X**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, pushes the *scale* of the value onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes **0**.
+
+**z**
+
+: Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+
+## Arrays
+
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+
+**:***r*
+
+: Pops the top two values off of the stack. The second value will be stored in
+ the array *r* (see the **REGISTERS** section), indexed by the first value.
+
+**;***r*
+
+: Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array
+ *r*. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+# REGISTERS
+
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays. (Number/string
+registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of
+the stack for the register. All registers, when first referenced, have one value
+(**0**) in their stack.
+
+In non-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that
+follows any command that needs a register name. The only exception is a newline
+(**'\\n'**); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+
+## Extended Register Mode
+
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited
+amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+
+If extended register mode is enabled (**-x** or **--extended-register**
+command-line arguments are given), then normal single character registers are
+used *unless* the character immediately following a command that needs a
+register name is a space (according to **isspace()**) and not a newline
+(**'\\n'**).
+
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+**\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\*** (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse error if
+the next non-space characters do not match that regex.
+
+# RESET
+
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+macros returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most dc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This dc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **DC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **DC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **DC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+
+**DC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where dc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **DC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **DC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**DC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**DC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to dc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **DC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs. Another use would
+ be to use the **-e** option to set **scale** to a value other than **0**.
+
+ The code that parses **DC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"dc\" file.dc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **DC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**DC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), dc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash newline combo. The default
+ line length is **70**.
+
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**) operator.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is
+ invalid.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, and attempting an operation when
+ the stack has too few elements.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If dc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If dc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals.
+
+# LOCALES
+
+This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales
+and thus, supports **LC_MESSAGS**.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+bc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1)
+[IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1] specification.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHOR
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EN.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EN.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EN.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1025 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# Name
+
+dc - arbitrary-precision reverse-Polish notation calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**dc** [**-hiPvVx**] [**--version**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--extended-register**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...] [*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+dc(1) is an arbitrary-precision calculator. It uses a stack (reverse Polish
+notation) to store numbers and results of computations. Arithmetic operations
+pop arguments off of the stack and push the results.
+
+If no files are given on the command-line as extra arguments (i.e., not as
+**-f** or **--file** arguments), then dc(1) reads from **stdin**. Otherwise,
+those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where **-e** (**--expression**) and **-f** (**--file**)
+arguments cause dc(1) to execute them and exit. The reason for this is that this
+dc(1) allows users to set arguments in the environment variable **DC_ENV_ARGS**
+(see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section). Any expressions given on the
+command-line should be used to set up a standard environment. For example, if a
+user wants the **scale** always set to **10**, they can set **DC_ENV_ARGS** to
+**-e 10k**, and this dc(1) will always start with a **scale** of **10**.
+
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from **-e** and
+**-f** arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add **-e q**
+as the last command-line argument or define the environment variable
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: Disables the prompt in TTY mode. (The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+ See the **TTY MODE** section) This is mostly for those users that do not
+ want a prompt or are not used to having them in dc(1). Most of those users
+ would want to put this option in **DC_ENV_ARGS**.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-x** **--extended-register**
+
+: Enables extended register mode. See the *Extended Register Mode* subsection
+ of the **REGISTERS** section for more information.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **dc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **dc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the **NUMBERS**
+section) or a command (see the **COMMANDS** section), is processed and executed,
+in order. Input is processed immediately when entered.
+
+**ibase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+interpret constant numbers. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for
+interpreting input numbers. **ibase** is initially **10**. The max allowable
+value for **ibase** is **16**. The min allowable value for **ibase** is **2**.
+The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the
+**T** command.
+
+**obase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+output results. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting
+numbers. **obase** is initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is
+**DC_BASE_MAX** and can be queried with the **U** command. The min allowable
+value for **obase** is **2**. Values are output in the specified base.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a register (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) that sets the precision of any operations (with
+exceptions). **scale** is initially **0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max
+allowable value for **scale** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the **V**
+command.
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+# NUMBERS
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to **F**, and at
+most **1** period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **DC_NUM_MAX** digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e.,
+**A** equals **10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the
+current value of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit
+in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **F** alone always equals decimal
+**15**.
+
+# COMMANDS
+
+The valid commands are listed below.
+
+## Printing
+
+These commands are used for printing.
+
+**p**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a
+ newline after.
+
+ This does not alter the stack.
+
+**n**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it
+ off of the stack.
+
+**P**
+
+: Pops a value off the stack.
+
+ If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+ result is printed as though **obase** is **UCHAR_MAX+1** and each digit is
+ interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream.
+
+ If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**f**
+
+: Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+ without altering anything.
+
+ Users should use this command when they get lost.
+
+## Arithmetic
+
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+
+**+**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed
+ onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max *scale* of
+ both operands.
+
+**-**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max
+ *scale* of both operands.
+
+**\***
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result
+ is equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to **scale**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack.
+
+ Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale**, and
+ 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**~**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and
+ the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack.
+ This is equivalent to **x y / x y %** except that **x** and **y** are only
+ evaluated once.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+ power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+ value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+ non-zero.
+
+**v**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the
+ result is pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to
+ **scale**.
+
+ The value popped off of the stack must be non-negative.
+
+**\_**
+
+: If this command *immediately* precedes a number (i.e., no spaces or other
+ commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+
+ Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is
+ negated and pushed onto the stack. This behavior without a number is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**b**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back
+ onto the stack. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**|**
+
+: The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is
+ computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+ integer and non-zero. The second value popped is used as the exponent and
+ must be an integer and non-negative. The third value popped is the base and
+ must be an integer.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**G**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if they are equal, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**N**
+
+: The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a **0**, a **1** is
+ pushed; otherwise, a **0** is pushed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**(**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**{**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or **0**
+ otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**)**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**}**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**M**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If they are both non-zero, a
+ **1** is pushed onto the stack. If either of them is zero, or both of them
+ are, then a **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **&&** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**m**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If at least one of them is
+ non-zero, a **1** is pushed onto the stack. If both of them are zero, then a
+ **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **||** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Stack Control
+
+These commands control the stack.
+
+**c**
+
+: Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+
+**d**
+
+: Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto
+ the stack.
+
+**r**
+
+: Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+
+**R**
+
+: Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+
+## Register Control
+
+These commands control registers (see the **REGISTERS** section).
+
+**s***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register *r*.
+
+**l***r*
+
+: Copies the value in register *r* and pushes it onto the stack. This does not
+ alter the contents of *r*.
+
+**S***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack
+ of register *r*. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+
+**L***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack for register *r* and push it onto
+ the main stack. The previous value in the stack for register *r*, if any, is
+ now accessible via the **l***r* command.
+
+## Parameters
+
+These commands control the values of **ibase**, **obase**, and **scale**. Also
+see the **SYNTAX** section.
+
+**i**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **ibase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **16**, inclusive.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**o**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **obase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **DC_BASE_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section).
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**k**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **scale**,
+ which must be non-negative.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**I**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+**O**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+**K**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+**T**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**U**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**V**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Strings
+
+The following commands control strings.
+
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) can hold both strings and numbers. dc(1) always knows
+whether the contents of a register are a string or a number.
+
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if
+given a string, other commands accept strings.
+
+Strings can also be executed as macros. For example, if the string **[1pR]** is
+executed as a macro, then the code **1pR** is executed, meaning that the **1**
+will be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+
+**\[**_characters_**\]**
+
+: Makes a string containing *characters* and pushes it onto the stack.
+
+ If there are brackets (**\[** and **\]**) in the string, then they must be
+ balanced. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (**\\**)
+ character.
+
+ If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+ (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first)
+ backslash is not.
+
+**a**
+
+: The value on top of the stack is popped.
+
+ If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken. The
+ result mod **UCHAR_MAX+1** is calculated. If that result is **0**, push an
+ empty string; otherwise, push a one-character string where the character is
+ the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character.
+
+ If it is a string, then a new string is made. If the original string is
+ empty, the new string is empty. If it is not, then the first character of
+ the original string is used to create the new string as a one-character
+ string. The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**x**
+
+: Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+
+ This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+ command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+
+**\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ For example, **0 1>a** will execute the contents of register **a**, and
+ **1 0>a** will not.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**?**
+
+: Reads a line from the **stdin** and executes it. This is to allow macros to
+ request input from users.
+
+**q**
+
+: During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the
+ execution of the macro that executed it. If there are no macros, or only one
+ macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+
+**Q**
+
+: Pops a value from the stack which must be non-negative and is used the
+ number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack. If the number
+ of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1)
+ exits.
+
+## Status
+
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+
+**Z**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it
+ has and pushes the result.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+
+**X**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, pushes the *scale* of the value onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes **0**.
+
+**z**
+
+: Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+
+## Arrays
+
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+
+**:***r*
+
+: Pops the top two values off of the stack. The second value will be stored in
+ the array *r* (see the **REGISTERS** section), indexed by the first value.
+
+**;***r*
+
+: Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array
+ *r*. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+# REGISTERS
+
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays. (Number/string
+registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of
+the stack for the register. All registers, when first referenced, have one value
+(**0**) in their stack.
+
+In non-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that
+follows any command that needs a register name. The only exception is a newline
+(**'\\n'**); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+
+## Extended Register Mode
+
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited
+amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+
+If extended register mode is enabled (**-x** or **--extended-register**
+command-line arguments are given), then normal single character registers are
+used *unless* the character immediately following a command that needs a
+register name is a space (according to **isspace()**) and not a newline
+(**'\\n'**).
+
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+**\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\*** (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse error if
+the next non-space characters do not match that regex.
+
+# RESET
+
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+macros returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most dc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This dc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **DC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **DC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **DC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+
+**DC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where dc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **DC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **DC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**DC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**DC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to dc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **DC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs. Another use would
+ be to use the **-e** option to set **scale** to a value other than **0**.
+
+ The code that parses **DC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"dc\" file.dc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **DC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**DC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), dc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash newline combo. The default
+ line length is **70**.
+
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**) operator.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is
+ invalid.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, and attempting an operation when
+ the stack has too few elements.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the **COMMAND LINE HISTORY**
+section). It is also required to enable special handling for **SIGINT** signals.
+
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If dc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If dc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals. The one exception is **SIGHUP**; in that
+case, when dc(1) is in TTY mode, a **SIGHUP** will cause dc(1) to clean up and
+exit.
+
+# COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+
+dc(1) supports interactive command-line editing. If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see
+the **TTY MODE** section), history is enabled. Previous lines can be recalled
+and edited with the arrow keys.
+
+**Note**: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+bc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1)
+[IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1] specification.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHOR
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/ENP.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/ENP.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/ENP.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1020 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# Name
+
+dc - arbitrary-precision reverse-Polish notation calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**dc** [**-hiPvVx**] [**--version**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--extended-register**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...] [*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+dc(1) is an arbitrary-precision calculator. It uses a stack (reverse Polish
+notation) to store numbers and results of computations. Arithmetic operations
+pop arguments off of the stack and push the results.
+
+If no files are given on the command-line as extra arguments (i.e., not as
+**-f** or **--file** arguments), then dc(1) reads from **stdin**. Otherwise,
+those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where **-e** (**--expression**) and **-f** (**--file**)
+arguments cause dc(1) to execute them and exit. The reason for this is that this
+dc(1) allows users to set arguments in the environment variable **DC_ENV_ARGS**
+(see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section). Any expressions given on the
+command-line should be used to set up a standard environment. For example, if a
+user wants the **scale** always set to **10**, they can set **DC_ENV_ARGS** to
+**-e 10k**, and this dc(1) will always start with a **scale** of **10**.
+
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from **-e** and
+**-f** arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add **-e q**
+as the last command-line argument or define the environment variable
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: This option is a no-op.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-x** **--extended-register**
+
+: Enables extended register mode. See the *Extended Register Mode* subsection
+ of the **REGISTERS** section for more information.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **dc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **dc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the **NUMBERS**
+section) or a command (see the **COMMANDS** section), is processed and executed,
+in order. Input is processed immediately when entered.
+
+**ibase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+interpret constant numbers. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for
+interpreting input numbers. **ibase** is initially **10**. The max allowable
+value for **ibase** is **16**. The min allowable value for **ibase** is **2**.
+The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the
+**T** command.
+
+**obase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+output results. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting
+numbers. **obase** is initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is
+**DC_BASE_MAX** and can be queried with the **U** command. The min allowable
+value for **obase** is **2**. Values are output in the specified base.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a register (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) that sets the precision of any operations (with
+exceptions). **scale** is initially **0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max
+allowable value for **scale** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the **V**
+command.
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+# NUMBERS
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to **F**, and at
+most **1** period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **DC_NUM_MAX** digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e.,
+**A** equals **10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the
+current value of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit
+in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **F** alone always equals decimal
+**15**.
+
+# COMMANDS
+
+The valid commands are listed below.
+
+## Printing
+
+These commands are used for printing.
+
+**p**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a
+ newline after.
+
+ This does not alter the stack.
+
+**n**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it
+ off of the stack.
+
+**P**
+
+: Pops a value off the stack.
+
+ If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+ result is printed as though **obase** is **UCHAR_MAX+1** and each digit is
+ interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream.
+
+ If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**f**
+
+: Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+ without altering anything.
+
+ Users should use this command when they get lost.
+
+## Arithmetic
+
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+
+**+**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed
+ onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max *scale* of
+ both operands.
+
+**-**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max
+ *scale* of both operands.
+
+**\***
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result
+ is equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to **scale**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack.
+
+ Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale**, and
+ 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**~**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and
+ the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack.
+ This is equivalent to **x y / x y %** except that **x** and **y** are only
+ evaluated once.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+ power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+ value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+ non-zero.
+
+**v**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the
+ result is pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to
+ **scale**.
+
+ The value popped off of the stack must be non-negative.
+
+**\_**
+
+: If this command *immediately* precedes a number (i.e., no spaces or other
+ commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+
+ Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is
+ negated and pushed onto the stack. This behavior without a number is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**b**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back
+ onto the stack. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**|**
+
+: The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is
+ computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+ integer and non-zero. The second value popped is used as the exponent and
+ must be an integer and non-negative. The third value popped is the base and
+ must be an integer.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**G**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if they are equal, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**N**
+
+: The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a **0**, a **1** is
+ pushed; otherwise, a **0** is pushed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**(**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**{**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or **0**
+ otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**)**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**}**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**M**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If they are both non-zero, a
+ **1** is pushed onto the stack. If either of them is zero, or both of them
+ are, then a **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **&&** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**m**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If at least one of them is
+ non-zero, a **1** is pushed onto the stack. If both of them are zero, then a
+ **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **||** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Stack Control
+
+These commands control the stack.
+
+**c**
+
+: Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+
+**d**
+
+: Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto
+ the stack.
+
+**r**
+
+: Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+
+**R**
+
+: Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+
+## Register Control
+
+These commands control registers (see the **REGISTERS** section).
+
+**s***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register *r*.
+
+**l***r*
+
+: Copies the value in register *r* and pushes it onto the stack. This does not
+ alter the contents of *r*.
+
+**S***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack
+ of register *r*. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+
+**L***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack for register *r* and push it onto
+ the main stack. The previous value in the stack for register *r*, if any, is
+ now accessible via the **l***r* command.
+
+## Parameters
+
+These commands control the values of **ibase**, **obase**, and **scale**. Also
+see the **SYNTAX** section.
+
+**i**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **ibase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **16**, inclusive.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**o**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **obase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **DC_BASE_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section).
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**k**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **scale**,
+ which must be non-negative.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**I**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+**O**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+**K**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+**T**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**U**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**V**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Strings
+
+The following commands control strings.
+
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) can hold both strings and numbers. dc(1) always knows
+whether the contents of a register are a string or a number.
+
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if
+given a string, other commands accept strings.
+
+Strings can also be executed as macros. For example, if the string **[1pR]** is
+executed as a macro, then the code **1pR** is executed, meaning that the **1**
+will be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+
+**\[**_characters_**\]**
+
+: Makes a string containing *characters* and pushes it onto the stack.
+
+ If there are brackets (**\[** and **\]**) in the string, then they must be
+ balanced. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (**\\**)
+ character.
+
+ If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+ (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first)
+ backslash is not.
+
+**a**
+
+: The value on top of the stack is popped.
+
+ If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken. The
+ result mod **UCHAR_MAX+1** is calculated. If that result is **0**, push an
+ empty string; otherwise, push a one-character string where the character is
+ the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character.
+
+ If it is a string, then a new string is made. If the original string is
+ empty, the new string is empty. If it is not, then the first character of
+ the original string is used to create the new string as a one-character
+ string. The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**x**
+
+: Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+
+ This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+ command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+
+**\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ For example, **0 1>a** will execute the contents of register **a**, and
+ **1 0>a** will not.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**?**
+
+: Reads a line from the **stdin** and executes it. This is to allow macros to
+ request input from users.
+
+**q**
+
+: During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the
+ execution of the macro that executed it. If there are no macros, or only one
+ macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+
+**Q**
+
+: Pops a value from the stack which must be non-negative and is used the
+ number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack. If the number
+ of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1)
+ exits.
+
+## Status
+
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+
+**Z**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it
+ has and pushes the result.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+
+**X**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, pushes the *scale* of the value onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes **0**.
+
+**z**
+
+: Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+
+## Arrays
+
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+
+**:***r*
+
+: Pops the top two values off of the stack. The second value will be stored in
+ the array *r* (see the **REGISTERS** section), indexed by the first value.
+
+**;***r*
+
+: Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array
+ *r*. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+# REGISTERS
+
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays. (Number/string
+registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of
+the stack for the register. All registers, when first referenced, have one value
+(**0**) in their stack.
+
+In non-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that
+follows any command that needs a register name. The only exception is a newline
+(**'\\n'**); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+
+## Extended Register Mode
+
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited
+amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+
+If extended register mode is enabled (**-x** or **--extended-register**
+command-line arguments are given), then normal single character registers are
+used *unless* the character immediately following a command that needs a
+register name is a space (according to **isspace()**) and not a newline
+(**'\\n'**).
+
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+**\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\*** (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse error if
+the next non-space characters do not match that regex.
+
+# RESET
+
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+macros returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most dc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This dc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **DC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **DC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **DC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+
+**DC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where dc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **DC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **DC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**DC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**DC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to dc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **DC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs. Another use would
+ be to use the **-e** option to set **scale** to a value other than **0**.
+
+ The code that parses **DC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"dc\" file.dc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **DC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**DC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), dc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash newline combo. The default
+ line length is **70**.
+
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**) operator.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is
+ invalid.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, and attempting an operation when
+ the stack has too few elements.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the **COMMAND LINE HISTORY**
+section). It is also required to enable special handling for **SIGINT** signals.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If dc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If dc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals. The one exception is **SIGHUP**; in that
+case, when dc(1) is in TTY mode, a **SIGHUP** will cause dc(1) to clean up and
+exit.
+
+# COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+
+dc(1) supports interactive command-line editing. If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see
+the **TTY MODE** section), history is enabled. Previous lines can be recalled
+and edited with the arrow keys.
+
+**Note**: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+bc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1)
+[IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1] specification.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHOR
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EP.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EP.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/EP.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1025 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# Name
+
+dc - arbitrary-precision reverse-Polish notation calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**dc** [**-hiPvVx**] [**--version**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--extended-register**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...] [*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+dc(1) is an arbitrary-precision calculator. It uses a stack (reverse Polish
+notation) to store numbers and results of computations. Arithmetic operations
+pop arguments off of the stack and push the results.
+
+If no files are given on the command-line as extra arguments (i.e., not as
+**-f** or **--file** arguments), then dc(1) reads from **stdin**. Otherwise,
+those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where **-e** (**--expression**) and **-f** (**--file**)
+arguments cause dc(1) to execute them and exit. The reason for this is that this
+dc(1) allows users to set arguments in the environment variable **DC_ENV_ARGS**
+(see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section). Any expressions given on the
+command-line should be used to set up a standard environment. For example, if a
+user wants the **scale** always set to **10**, they can set **DC_ENV_ARGS** to
+**-e 10k**, and this dc(1) will always start with a **scale** of **10**.
+
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from **-e** and
+**-f** arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add **-e q**
+as the last command-line argument or define the environment variable
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: This option is a no-op.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-x** **--extended-register**
+
+: Enables extended register mode. See the *Extended Register Mode* subsection
+ of the **REGISTERS** section for more information.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **dc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **dc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the **NUMBERS**
+section) or a command (see the **COMMANDS** section), is processed and executed,
+in order. Input is processed immediately when entered.
+
+**ibase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+interpret constant numbers. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for
+interpreting input numbers. **ibase** is initially **10**. The max allowable
+value for **ibase** is **16**. The min allowable value for **ibase** is **2**.
+The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the
+**T** command.
+
+**obase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+output results. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting
+numbers. **obase** is initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is
+**DC_BASE_MAX** and can be queried with the **U** command. The min allowable
+value for **obase** is **2**. Values are output in the specified base.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a register (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) that sets the precision of any operations (with
+exceptions). **scale** is initially **0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max
+allowable value for **scale** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the **V**
+command.
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+# NUMBERS
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to **F**, and at
+most **1** period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **DC_NUM_MAX** digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e.,
+**A** equals **10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the
+current value of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit
+in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **F** alone always equals decimal
+**15**.
+
+# COMMANDS
+
+The valid commands are listed below.
+
+## Printing
+
+These commands are used for printing.
+
+**p**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a
+ newline after.
+
+ This does not alter the stack.
+
+**n**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it
+ off of the stack.
+
+**P**
+
+: Pops a value off the stack.
+
+ If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+ result is printed as though **obase** is **UCHAR_MAX+1** and each digit is
+ interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream.
+
+ If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**f**
+
+: Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+ without altering anything.
+
+ Users should use this command when they get lost.
+
+## Arithmetic
+
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+
+**+**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed
+ onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max *scale* of
+ both operands.
+
+**-**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max
+ *scale* of both operands.
+
+**\***
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result
+ is equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to **scale**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack.
+
+ Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale**, and
+ 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**~**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and
+ the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack.
+ This is equivalent to **x y / x y %** except that **x** and **y** are only
+ evaluated once.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+ power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+ value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+ non-zero.
+
+**v**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the
+ result is pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to
+ **scale**.
+
+ The value popped off of the stack must be non-negative.
+
+**\_**
+
+: If this command *immediately* precedes a number (i.e., no spaces or other
+ commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+
+ Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is
+ negated and pushed onto the stack. This behavior without a number is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**b**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back
+ onto the stack. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**|**
+
+: The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is
+ computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+ integer and non-zero. The second value popped is used as the exponent and
+ must be an integer and non-negative. The third value popped is the base and
+ must be an integer.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**G**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if they are equal, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**N**
+
+: The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a **0**, a **1** is
+ pushed; otherwise, a **0** is pushed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**(**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**{**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or **0**
+ otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**)**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**}**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**M**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If they are both non-zero, a
+ **1** is pushed onto the stack. If either of them is zero, or both of them
+ are, then a **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **&&** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**m**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If at least one of them is
+ non-zero, a **1** is pushed onto the stack. If both of them are zero, then a
+ **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **||** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Stack Control
+
+These commands control the stack.
+
+**c**
+
+: Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+
+**d**
+
+: Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto
+ the stack.
+
+**r**
+
+: Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+
+**R**
+
+: Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+
+## Register Control
+
+These commands control registers (see the **REGISTERS** section).
+
+**s***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register *r*.
+
+**l***r*
+
+: Copies the value in register *r* and pushes it onto the stack. This does not
+ alter the contents of *r*.
+
+**S***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack
+ of register *r*. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+
+**L***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack for register *r* and push it onto
+ the main stack. The previous value in the stack for register *r*, if any, is
+ now accessible via the **l***r* command.
+
+## Parameters
+
+These commands control the values of **ibase**, **obase**, and **scale**. Also
+see the **SYNTAX** section.
+
+**i**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **ibase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **16**, inclusive.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**o**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **obase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **DC_BASE_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section).
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**k**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **scale**,
+ which must be non-negative.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**I**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+**O**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+**K**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+**T**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**U**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**V**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Strings
+
+The following commands control strings.
+
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) can hold both strings and numbers. dc(1) always knows
+whether the contents of a register are a string or a number.
+
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if
+given a string, other commands accept strings.
+
+Strings can also be executed as macros. For example, if the string **[1pR]** is
+executed as a macro, then the code **1pR** is executed, meaning that the **1**
+will be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+
+**\[**_characters_**\]**
+
+: Makes a string containing *characters* and pushes it onto the stack.
+
+ If there are brackets (**\[** and **\]**) in the string, then they must be
+ balanced. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (**\\**)
+ character.
+
+ If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+ (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first)
+ backslash is not.
+
+**a**
+
+: The value on top of the stack is popped.
+
+ If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken. The
+ result mod **UCHAR_MAX+1** is calculated. If that result is **0**, push an
+ empty string; otherwise, push a one-character string where the character is
+ the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character.
+
+ If it is a string, then a new string is made. If the original string is
+ empty, the new string is empty. If it is not, then the first character of
+ the original string is used to create the new string as a one-character
+ string. The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**x**
+
+: Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+
+ This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+ command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+
+**\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ For example, **0 1>a** will execute the contents of register **a**, and
+ **1 0>a** will not.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**?**
+
+: Reads a line from the **stdin** and executes it. This is to allow macros to
+ request input from users.
+
+**q**
+
+: During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the
+ execution of the macro that executed it. If there are no macros, or only one
+ macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+
+**Q**
+
+: Pops a value from the stack which must be non-negative and is used the
+ number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack. If the number
+ of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1)
+ exits.
+
+## Status
+
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+
+**Z**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it
+ has and pushes the result.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+
+**X**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, pushes the *scale* of the value onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes **0**.
+
+**z**
+
+: Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+
+## Arrays
+
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+
+**:***r*
+
+: Pops the top two values off of the stack. The second value will be stored in
+ the array *r* (see the **REGISTERS** section), indexed by the first value.
+
+**;***r*
+
+: Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array
+ *r*. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+# REGISTERS
+
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays. (Number/string
+registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of
+the stack for the register. All registers, when first referenced, have one value
+(**0**) in their stack.
+
+In non-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that
+follows any command that needs a register name. The only exception is a newline
+(**'\\n'**); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+
+## Extended Register Mode
+
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited
+amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+
+If extended register mode is enabled (**-x** or **--extended-register**
+command-line arguments are given), then normal single character registers are
+used *unless* the character immediately following a command that needs a
+register name is a space (according to **isspace()**) and not a newline
+(**'\\n'**).
+
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+**\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\*** (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse error if
+the next non-space characters do not match that regex.
+
+# RESET
+
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+macros returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most dc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This dc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **DC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **DC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **DC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+
+**DC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where dc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **DC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **DC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**DC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**DC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to dc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **DC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs. Another use would
+ be to use the **-e** option to set **scale** to a value other than **0**.
+
+ The code that parses **DC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"dc\" file.dc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **DC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**DC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), dc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash newline combo. The default
+ line length is **70**.
+
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**) operator.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is
+ invalid.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, and attempting an operation when
+ the stack has too few elements.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the **COMMAND LINE HISTORY**
+section). It is also required to enable special handling for **SIGINT** signals.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If dc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If dc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals. The one exception is **SIGHUP**; in that
+case, when dc(1) is in TTY mode, a **SIGHUP** will cause dc(1) to clean up and
+exit.
+
+# COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+
+dc(1) supports interactive command-line editing. If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see
+the **TTY MODE** section), history is enabled. Previous lines can be recalled
+and edited with the arrow keys.
+
+**Note**: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+
+# LOCALES
+
+This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales
+and thus, supports **LC_MESSAGS**.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+bc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1)
+[IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1] specification.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHOR
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/H.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/H.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/H.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1181 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# Name
+
+dc - arbitrary-precision reverse-Polish notation calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**dc** [**-hiPvVx**] [**--version**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--extended-register**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...] [*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+dc(1) is an arbitrary-precision calculator. It uses a stack (reverse Polish
+notation) to store numbers and results of computations. Arithmetic operations
+pop arguments off of the stack and push the results.
+
+If no files are given on the command-line as extra arguments (i.e., not as
+**-f** or **--file** arguments), then dc(1) reads from **stdin**. Otherwise,
+those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where **-e** (**--expression**) and **-f** (**--file**)
+arguments cause dc(1) to execute them and exit. The reason for this is that this
+dc(1) allows users to set arguments in the environment variable **DC_ENV_ARGS**
+(see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section). Any expressions given on the
+command-line should be used to set up a standard environment. For example, if a
+user wants the **scale** always set to **10**, they can set **DC_ENV_ARGS** to
+**-e 10k**, and this dc(1) will always start with a **scale** of **10**.
+
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from **-e** and
+**-f** arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add **-e q**
+as the last command-line argument or define the environment variable
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: Disables the prompt in TTY mode. (The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+ See the **TTY MODE** section) This is mostly for those users that do not
+ want a prompt or are not used to having them in dc(1). Most of those users
+ would want to put this option in **DC_ENV_ARGS**.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-x** **--extended-register**
+
+: Enables extended register mode. See the *Extended Register Mode* subsection
+ of the **REGISTERS** section for more information.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **dc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **dc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the **NUMBERS**
+section) or a command (see the **COMMANDS** section), is processed and executed,
+in order. Input is processed immediately when entered.
+
+**ibase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+interpret constant numbers. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for
+interpreting input numbers. **ibase** is initially **10**. The max allowable
+value for **ibase** is **16**. The min allowable value for **ibase** is **2**.
+The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the
+**T** command.
+
+**obase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+output results. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting
+numbers. **obase** is initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is
+**DC_BASE_MAX** and can be queried with the **U** command. The min allowable
+value for **obase** is **0**. If **obase** is **0**, values are output in
+scientific notation, and if **obase** is **1**, values are output in engineering
+notation. Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are **non-portable
+extensions**.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a register (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) that sets the precision of any operations (with
+exceptions). **scale** is initially **0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max
+allowable value for **scale** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the **V**
+command.
+
+**seed** is a register containing the current seed for the pseudo-random number
+generator. If the current value of **seed** is queried and stored, then if it is
+assigned to **seed** later, the pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers that were generated after the
+value of **seed** was first queried.
+
+Multiple values assigned to **seed** can produce the same sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers. Likewise, when a value is assigned to **seed**, it is not
+guaranteed that querying **seed** immediately after will return the same value.
+In addition, the value of **seed** will change after any call to the **'**
+command or the **"** command that does not get receive a value of **0** or
+**1**. The maximum integer returned by the **'** command can be queried with the
+**W** command.
+
+**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with the
+**'** and **"** commands are guaranteed to **NOT** be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
+they **are** guaranteed to be reproducible with identical **seed** values.
+
+The pseudo-random number generator, **seed**, and all associated operations are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+# NUMBERS
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to **F**, and at
+most **1** period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **DC_NUM_MAX** digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e.,
+**A** equals **10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the
+current value of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit
+in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **F** alone always equals decimal
+**15**.
+
+In addition, dc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation. These have the form
+**\<number\>e\<integer\>**. The power (the portion after the **e**) must be an
+integer. An example is **1.89237e9**, which is equal to **1892370000**. Negative
+exponents are also allowed, so **4.2890e_3** is equal to **0.0042890**.
+
+**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
+interpreted according to the current **ibase**, but the number is still
+multiplied by **10\^exponent** regardless of the current **ibase**. For example,
+if **ibase** is **16** and dc(1) is given the number string **FFeA**, the
+resulting decimal number will be **2550000000000**, and if dc(1) is given the
+number string **10e_4**, the resulting decimal number will be **0.0016**.
+
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# COMMANDS
+
+The valid commands are listed below.
+
+## Printing
+
+These commands are used for printing.
+
+Note that both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for
+printing numbers. Scientific notation is activated by assigning **0** to
+**obase** using **0o**, and engineering notation is activated by assigning **1**
+to **obase** using **1o**. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to
+**obase**.
+
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**p**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a
+ newline after.
+
+ This does not alter the stack.
+
+**n**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it
+ off of the stack.
+
+**P**
+
+: Pops a value off the stack.
+
+ If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+ result is printed as though **obase** is **UCHAR_MAX+1** and each digit is
+ interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream.
+
+ If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**f**
+
+: Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+ without altering anything.
+
+ Users should use this command when they get lost.
+
+## Arithmetic
+
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+
+**+**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed
+ onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max *scale* of
+ both operands.
+
+**-**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max
+ *scale* of both operands.
+
+**\***
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result
+ is equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to **scale**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack.
+
+ Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale**, and
+ 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**~**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and
+ the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack.
+ This is equivalent to **x y / x y %** except that **x** and **y** are only
+ evaluated once.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+ power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+ value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+ non-zero.
+
+**v**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the
+ result is pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to
+ **scale**.
+
+ The value popped off of the stack must be non-negative.
+
+**\_**
+
+: If this command *immediately* precedes a number (i.e., no spaces or other
+ commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+
+ Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is
+ negated and pushed onto the stack. This behavior without a number is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**b**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back
+ onto the stack. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**|**
+
+: The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is
+ computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+ integer and non-zero. The second value popped is used as the exponent and
+ must be an integer and non-negative. The third value popped is the base and
+ must be an integer.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\$**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is truncated
+ and pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\@**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the second
+ is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or extension.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**H**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted left
+ (radix shifted right) to the value of the first.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**h**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted right
+ (radix shifted left) to the value of the first.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**G**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if they are equal, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**N**
+
+: The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a **0**, a **1** is
+ pushed; otherwise, a **0** is pushed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**(**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**{**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or **0**
+ otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**)**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**}**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**M**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If they are both non-zero, a
+ **1** is pushed onto the stack. If either of them is zero, or both of them
+ are, then a **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **&&** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**m**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If at least one of them is
+ non-zero, a **1** is pushed onto the stack. If both of them are zero, then a
+ **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **||** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Pseudo-Random Number Generator
+
+dc(1) has a built-in pseudo-random number generator. These commands query the
+pseudo-random number generator. (See Parameters for more information about the
+**seed** value that controls the pseudo-random number generator.)
+
+The pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to **NOT** be
+cryptographically secure.
+
+**'**
+
+: Generates an integer between 0 and **DC_RAND_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section).
+
+ The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+ limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**"**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an **exclusive** upper bound
+ on the integer that will be generated. If the bound is negative or is a
+ non-integer, an error is raised, and dc(1) resets (see the **RESET**
+ section) while **seed** remains unchanged. If the bound is larger than
+ **DC_RAND_MAX**, the higher bound is honored by generating several
+ pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of
+ **DC_RAND_MAX+1**, and adding them together. Thus, the size of integer that
+ can be generated with this command is unbounded. Using this command will
+ change the value of **seed**, unless the operand is **0** or **1**. In that
+ case, **0** is pushed onto the stack, and **seed** is *not* changed.
+
+ The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+ limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Stack Control
+
+These commands control the stack.
+
+**c**
+
+: Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+
+**d**
+
+: Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto
+ the stack.
+
+**r**
+
+: Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+
+**R**
+
+: Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+
+## Register Control
+
+These commands control registers (see the **REGISTERS** section).
+
+**s***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register *r*.
+
+**l***r*
+
+: Copies the value in register *r* and pushes it onto the stack. This does not
+ alter the contents of *r*.
+
+**S***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack
+ of register *r*. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+
+**L***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack for register *r* and push it onto
+ the main stack. The previous value in the stack for register *r*, if any, is
+ now accessible via the **l***r* command.
+
+## Parameters
+
+These commands control the values of **ibase**, **obase**, **scale**, and
+**seed**. Also see the **SYNTAX** section.
+
+**i**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **ibase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **16**, inclusive.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**o**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **obase**,
+ which must be between **0** and **DC_BASE_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section and the **NUMBERS** section).
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**k**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **scale**,
+ which must be non-negative.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**j**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **seed**. The
+ meaning of **seed** is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
+ generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
+
+ The *scale* and sign of the value may be significant.
+
+ If a previously used **seed** value is used again, the pseudo-random number
+ generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo-random
+ numbers as it did when the **seed** value was previously used.
+
+ The exact value assigned to **seed** is not guaranteed to be returned if the
+ **J** command is used. However, if **seed** *does* return a different value,
+ both values, when assigned to **seed**, are guaranteed to produce the same
+ sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain values assigned
+ to **seed** will not produce unique sequences of pseudo-random numbers.
+
+ There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
+ *scale* of the value that can be assigned to **seed**.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**I**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+**O**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+**K**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+**J**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **seed** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**T**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**U**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**V**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**W**
+
+: Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the **'**
+ pseudo-random number generator command.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Strings
+
+The following commands control strings.
+
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) can hold both strings and numbers. dc(1) always knows
+whether the contents of a register are a string or a number.
+
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if
+given a string, other commands accept strings.
+
+Strings can also be executed as macros. For example, if the string **[1pR]** is
+executed as a macro, then the code **1pR** is executed, meaning that the **1**
+will be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+
+**\[**_characters_**\]**
+
+: Makes a string containing *characters* and pushes it onto the stack.
+
+ If there are brackets (**\[** and **\]**) in the string, then they must be
+ balanced. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (**\\**)
+ character.
+
+ If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+ (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first)
+ backslash is not.
+
+**a**
+
+: The value on top of the stack is popped.
+
+ If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken. The
+ result mod **UCHAR_MAX+1** is calculated. If that result is **0**, push an
+ empty string; otherwise, push a one-character string where the character is
+ the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character.
+
+ If it is a string, then a new string is made. If the original string is
+ empty, the new string is empty. If it is not, then the first character of
+ the original string is used to create the new string as a one-character
+ string. The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**x**
+
+: Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+
+ This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+ command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+
+**\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ For example, **0 1>a** will execute the contents of register **a**, and
+ **1 0>a** will not.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**?**
+
+: Reads a line from the **stdin** and executes it. This is to allow macros to
+ request input from users.
+
+**q**
+
+: During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the
+ execution of the macro that executed it. If there are no macros, or only one
+ macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+
+**Q**
+
+: Pops a value from the stack which must be non-negative and is used the
+ number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack. If the number
+ of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1)
+ exits.
+
+## Status
+
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+
+**Z**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it
+ has and pushes the result.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+
+**X**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, pushes the *scale* of the value onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes **0**.
+
+**z**
+
+: Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+
+## Arrays
+
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+
+**:***r*
+
+: Pops the top two values off of the stack. The second value will be stored in
+ the array *r* (see the **REGISTERS** section), indexed by the first value.
+
+**;***r*
+
+: Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array
+ *r*. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+# REGISTERS
+
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays. (Number/string
+registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of
+the stack for the register. All registers, when first referenced, have one value
+(**0**) in their stack.
+
+In non-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that
+follows any command that needs a register name. The only exception is a newline
+(**'\\n'**); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+
+## Extended Register Mode
+
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited
+amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+
+If extended register mode is enabled (**-x** or **--extended-register**
+command-line arguments are given), then normal single character registers are
+used *unless* the character immediately following a command that needs a
+register name is a space (according to **isspace()**) and not a newline
+(**'\\n'**).
+
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+**\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\*** (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse error if
+the next non-space characters do not match that regex.
+
+# RESET
+
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+macros returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most dc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This dc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **DC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **DC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **DC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+
+**DC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where dc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **DC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **DC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**DC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_RAND_MAX**
+
+: The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the **'** command, if dc(1). Set
+ at **2\^DC_LONG_BIT-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**DC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to dc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **DC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs. Another use would
+ be to use the **-e** option to set **scale** to a value other than **0**.
+
+ The code that parses **DC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"dc\" file.dc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **DC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**DC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), dc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash newline combo. The default
+ line length is **70**.
+
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
+ generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**), places (**\@**), left shift (**H**), and right shift (**h**)
+ operators.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is
+ invalid.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, and attempting an operation when
+ the stack has too few elements.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If dc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If dc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals.
+
+# LOCALES
+
+This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales
+and thus, supports **LC_MESSAGS**.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+bc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1)
+[IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1] specification.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHOR
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HN.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HN.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HN.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1176 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# Name
+
+dc - arbitrary-precision reverse-Polish notation calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**dc** [**-hiPvVx**] [**--version**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--extended-register**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...] [*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+dc(1) is an arbitrary-precision calculator. It uses a stack (reverse Polish
+notation) to store numbers and results of computations. Arithmetic operations
+pop arguments off of the stack and push the results.
+
+If no files are given on the command-line as extra arguments (i.e., not as
+**-f** or **--file** arguments), then dc(1) reads from **stdin**. Otherwise,
+those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where **-e** (**--expression**) and **-f** (**--file**)
+arguments cause dc(1) to execute them and exit. The reason for this is that this
+dc(1) allows users to set arguments in the environment variable **DC_ENV_ARGS**
+(see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section). Any expressions given on the
+command-line should be used to set up a standard environment. For example, if a
+user wants the **scale** always set to **10**, they can set **DC_ENV_ARGS** to
+**-e 10k**, and this dc(1) will always start with a **scale** of **10**.
+
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from **-e** and
+**-f** arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add **-e q**
+as the last command-line argument or define the environment variable
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: Disables the prompt in TTY mode. (The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+ See the **TTY MODE** section) This is mostly for those users that do not
+ want a prompt or are not used to having them in dc(1). Most of those users
+ would want to put this option in **DC_ENV_ARGS**.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-x** **--extended-register**
+
+: Enables extended register mode. See the *Extended Register Mode* subsection
+ of the **REGISTERS** section for more information.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **dc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **dc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the **NUMBERS**
+section) or a command (see the **COMMANDS** section), is processed and executed,
+in order. Input is processed immediately when entered.
+
+**ibase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+interpret constant numbers. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for
+interpreting input numbers. **ibase** is initially **10**. The max allowable
+value for **ibase** is **16**. The min allowable value for **ibase** is **2**.
+The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the
+**T** command.
+
+**obase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+output results. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting
+numbers. **obase** is initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is
+**DC_BASE_MAX** and can be queried with the **U** command. The min allowable
+value for **obase** is **0**. If **obase** is **0**, values are output in
+scientific notation, and if **obase** is **1**, values are output in engineering
+notation. Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are **non-portable
+extensions**.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a register (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) that sets the precision of any operations (with
+exceptions). **scale** is initially **0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max
+allowable value for **scale** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the **V**
+command.
+
+**seed** is a register containing the current seed for the pseudo-random number
+generator. If the current value of **seed** is queried and stored, then if it is
+assigned to **seed** later, the pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers that were generated after the
+value of **seed** was first queried.
+
+Multiple values assigned to **seed** can produce the same sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers. Likewise, when a value is assigned to **seed**, it is not
+guaranteed that querying **seed** immediately after will return the same value.
+In addition, the value of **seed** will change after any call to the **'**
+command or the **"** command that does not get receive a value of **0** or
+**1**. The maximum integer returned by the **'** command can be queried with the
+**W** command.
+
+**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with the
+**'** and **"** commands are guaranteed to **NOT** be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
+they **are** guaranteed to be reproducible with identical **seed** values.
+
+The pseudo-random number generator, **seed**, and all associated operations are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+# NUMBERS
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to **F**, and at
+most **1** period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **DC_NUM_MAX** digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e.,
+**A** equals **10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the
+current value of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit
+in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **F** alone always equals decimal
+**15**.
+
+In addition, dc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation. These have the form
+**\<number\>e\<integer\>**. The power (the portion after the **e**) must be an
+integer. An example is **1.89237e9**, which is equal to **1892370000**. Negative
+exponents are also allowed, so **4.2890e_3** is equal to **0.0042890**.
+
+**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
+interpreted according to the current **ibase**, but the number is still
+multiplied by **10\^exponent** regardless of the current **ibase**. For example,
+if **ibase** is **16** and dc(1) is given the number string **FFeA**, the
+resulting decimal number will be **2550000000000**, and if dc(1) is given the
+number string **10e_4**, the resulting decimal number will be **0.0016**.
+
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# COMMANDS
+
+The valid commands are listed below.
+
+## Printing
+
+These commands are used for printing.
+
+Note that both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for
+printing numbers. Scientific notation is activated by assigning **0** to
+**obase** using **0o**, and engineering notation is activated by assigning **1**
+to **obase** using **1o**. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to
+**obase**.
+
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**p**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a
+ newline after.
+
+ This does not alter the stack.
+
+**n**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it
+ off of the stack.
+
+**P**
+
+: Pops a value off the stack.
+
+ If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+ result is printed as though **obase** is **UCHAR_MAX+1** and each digit is
+ interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream.
+
+ If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**f**
+
+: Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+ without altering anything.
+
+ Users should use this command when they get lost.
+
+## Arithmetic
+
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+
+**+**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed
+ onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max *scale* of
+ both operands.
+
+**-**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max
+ *scale* of both operands.
+
+**\***
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result
+ is equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to **scale**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack.
+
+ Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale**, and
+ 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**~**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and
+ the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack.
+ This is equivalent to **x y / x y %** except that **x** and **y** are only
+ evaluated once.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+ power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+ value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+ non-zero.
+
+**v**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the
+ result is pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to
+ **scale**.
+
+ The value popped off of the stack must be non-negative.
+
+**\_**
+
+: If this command *immediately* precedes a number (i.e., no spaces or other
+ commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+
+ Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is
+ negated and pushed onto the stack. This behavior without a number is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**b**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back
+ onto the stack. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**|**
+
+: The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is
+ computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+ integer and non-zero. The second value popped is used as the exponent and
+ must be an integer and non-negative. The third value popped is the base and
+ must be an integer.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\$**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is truncated
+ and pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\@**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the second
+ is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or extension.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**H**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted left
+ (radix shifted right) to the value of the first.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**h**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted right
+ (radix shifted left) to the value of the first.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**G**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if they are equal, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**N**
+
+: The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a **0**, a **1** is
+ pushed; otherwise, a **0** is pushed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**(**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**{**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or **0**
+ otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**)**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**}**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**M**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If they are both non-zero, a
+ **1** is pushed onto the stack. If either of them is zero, or both of them
+ are, then a **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **&&** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**m**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If at least one of them is
+ non-zero, a **1** is pushed onto the stack. If both of them are zero, then a
+ **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **||** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Pseudo-Random Number Generator
+
+dc(1) has a built-in pseudo-random number generator. These commands query the
+pseudo-random number generator. (See Parameters for more information about the
+**seed** value that controls the pseudo-random number generator.)
+
+The pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to **NOT** be
+cryptographically secure.
+
+**'**
+
+: Generates an integer between 0 and **DC_RAND_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section).
+
+ The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+ limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**"**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an **exclusive** upper bound
+ on the integer that will be generated. If the bound is negative or is a
+ non-integer, an error is raised, and dc(1) resets (see the **RESET**
+ section) while **seed** remains unchanged. If the bound is larger than
+ **DC_RAND_MAX**, the higher bound is honored by generating several
+ pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of
+ **DC_RAND_MAX+1**, and adding them together. Thus, the size of integer that
+ can be generated with this command is unbounded. Using this command will
+ change the value of **seed**, unless the operand is **0** or **1**. In that
+ case, **0** is pushed onto the stack, and **seed** is *not* changed.
+
+ The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+ limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Stack Control
+
+These commands control the stack.
+
+**c**
+
+: Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+
+**d**
+
+: Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto
+ the stack.
+
+**r**
+
+: Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+
+**R**
+
+: Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+
+## Register Control
+
+These commands control registers (see the **REGISTERS** section).
+
+**s***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register *r*.
+
+**l***r*
+
+: Copies the value in register *r* and pushes it onto the stack. This does not
+ alter the contents of *r*.
+
+**S***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack
+ of register *r*. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+
+**L***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack for register *r* and push it onto
+ the main stack. The previous value in the stack for register *r*, if any, is
+ now accessible via the **l***r* command.
+
+## Parameters
+
+These commands control the values of **ibase**, **obase**, **scale**, and
+**seed**. Also see the **SYNTAX** section.
+
+**i**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **ibase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **16**, inclusive.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**o**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **obase**,
+ which must be between **0** and **DC_BASE_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section and the **NUMBERS** section).
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**k**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **scale**,
+ which must be non-negative.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**j**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **seed**. The
+ meaning of **seed** is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
+ generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
+
+ The *scale* and sign of the value may be significant.
+
+ If a previously used **seed** value is used again, the pseudo-random number
+ generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo-random
+ numbers as it did when the **seed** value was previously used.
+
+ The exact value assigned to **seed** is not guaranteed to be returned if the
+ **J** command is used. However, if **seed** *does* return a different value,
+ both values, when assigned to **seed**, are guaranteed to produce the same
+ sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain values assigned
+ to **seed** will not produce unique sequences of pseudo-random numbers.
+
+ There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
+ *scale* of the value that can be assigned to **seed**.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**I**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+**O**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+**K**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+**J**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **seed** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**T**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**U**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**V**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**W**
+
+: Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the **'**
+ pseudo-random number generator command.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Strings
+
+The following commands control strings.
+
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) can hold both strings and numbers. dc(1) always knows
+whether the contents of a register are a string or a number.
+
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if
+given a string, other commands accept strings.
+
+Strings can also be executed as macros. For example, if the string **[1pR]** is
+executed as a macro, then the code **1pR** is executed, meaning that the **1**
+will be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+
+**\[**_characters_**\]**
+
+: Makes a string containing *characters* and pushes it onto the stack.
+
+ If there are brackets (**\[** and **\]**) in the string, then they must be
+ balanced. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (**\\**)
+ character.
+
+ If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+ (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first)
+ backslash is not.
+
+**a**
+
+: The value on top of the stack is popped.
+
+ If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken. The
+ result mod **UCHAR_MAX+1** is calculated. If that result is **0**, push an
+ empty string; otherwise, push a one-character string where the character is
+ the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character.
+
+ If it is a string, then a new string is made. If the original string is
+ empty, the new string is empty. If it is not, then the first character of
+ the original string is used to create the new string as a one-character
+ string. The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**x**
+
+: Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+
+ This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+ command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+
+**\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ For example, **0 1>a** will execute the contents of register **a**, and
+ **1 0>a** will not.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**?**
+
+: Reads a line from the **stdin** and executes it. This is to allow macros to
+ request input from users.
+
+**q**
+
+: During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the
+ execution of the macro that executed it. If there are no macros, or only one
+ macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+
+**Q**
+
+: Pops a value from the stack which must be non-negative and is used the
+ number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack. If the number
+ of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1)
+ exits.
+
+## Status
+
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+
+**Z**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it
+ has and pushes the result.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+
+**X**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, pushes the *scale* of the value onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes **0**.
+
+**z**
+
+: Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+
+## Arrays
+
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+
+**:***r*
+
+: Pops the top two values off of the stack. The second value will be stored in
+ the array *r* (see the **REGISTERS** section), indexed by the first value.
+
+**;***r*
+
+: Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array
+ *r*. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+# REGISTERS
+
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays. (Number/string
+registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of
+the stack for the register. All registers, when first referenced, have one value
+(**0**) in their stack.
+
+In non-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that
+follows any command that needs a register name. The only exception is a newline
+(**'\\n'**); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+
+## Extended Register Mode
+
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited
+amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+
+If extended register mode is enabled (**-x** or **--extended-register**
+command-line arguments are given), then normal single character registers are
+used *unless* the character immediately following a command that needs a
+register name is a space (according to **isspace()**) and not a newline
+(**'\\n'**).
+
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+**\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\*** (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse error if
+the next non-space characters do not match that regex.
+
+# RESET
+
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+macros returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most dc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This dc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **DC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **DC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **DC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+
+**DC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where dc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **DC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **DC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**DC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_RAND_MAX**
+
+: The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the **'** command, if dc(1). Set
+ at **2\^DC_LONG_BIT-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**DC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to dc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **DC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs. Another use would
+ be to use the **-e** option to set **scale** to a value other than **0**.
+
+ The code that parses **DC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"dc\" file.dc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **DC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**DC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), dc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash newline combo. The default
+ line length is **70**.
+
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
+ generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**), places (**\@**), left shift (**H**), and right shift (**h**)
+ operators.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is
+ invalid.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, and attempting an operation when
+ the stack has too few elements.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If dc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If dc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+bc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1)
+[IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1] specification.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHOR
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HNP.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HNP.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HNP.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1171 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# Name
+
+dc - arbitrary-precision reverse-Polish notation calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**dc** [**-hiPvVx**] [**--version**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--extended-register**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...] [*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+dc(1) is an arbitrary-precision calculator. It uses a stack (reverse Polish
+notation) to store numbers and results of computations. Arithmetic operations
+pop arguments off of the stack and push the results.
+
+If no files are given on the command-line as extra arguments (i.e., not as
+**-f** or **--file** arguments), then dc(1) reads from **stdin**. Otherwise,
+those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where **-e** (**--expression**) and **-f** (**--file**)
+arguments cause dc(1) to execute them and exit. The reason for this is that this
+dc(1) allows users to set arguments in the environment variable **DC_ENV_ARGS**
+(see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section). Any expressions given on the
+command-line should be used to set up a standard environment. For example, if a
+user wants the **scale** always set to **10**, they can set **DC_ENV_ARGS** to
+**-e 10k**, and this dc(1) will always start with a **scale** of **10**.
+
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from **-e** and
+**-f** arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add **-e q**
+as the last command-line argument or define the environment variable
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: This option is a no-op.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-x** **--extended-register**
+
+: Enables extended register mode. See the *Extended Register Mode* subsection
+ of the **REGISTERS** section for more information.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **dc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **dc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the **NUMBERS**
+section) or a command (see the **COMMANDS** section), is processed and executed,
+in order. Input is processed immediately when entered.
+
+**ibase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+interpret constant numbers. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for
+interpreting input numbers. **ibase** is initially **10**. The max allowable
+value for **ibase** is **16**. The min allowable value for **ibase** is **2**.
+The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the
+**T** command.
+
+**obase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+output results. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting
+numbers. **obase** is initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is
+**DC_BASE_MAX** and can be queried with the **U** command. The min allowable
+value for **obase** is **0**. If **obase** is **0**, values are output in
+scientific notation, and if **obase** is **1**, values are output in engineering
+notation. Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are **non-portable
+extensions**.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a register (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) that sets the precision of any operations (with
+exceptions). **scale** is initially **0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max
+allowable value for **scale** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the **V**
+command.
+
+**seed** is a register containing the current seed for the pseudo-random number
+generator. If the current value of **seed** is queried and stored, then if it is
+assigned to **seed** later, the pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers that were generated after the
+value of **seed** was first queried.
+
+Multiple values assigned to **seed** can produce the same sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers. Likewise, when a value is assigned to **seed**, it is not
+guaranteed that querying **seed** immediately after will return the same value.
+In addition, the value of **seed** will change after any call to the **'**
+command or the **"** command that does not get receive a value of **0** or
+**1**. The maximum integer returned by the **'** command can be queried with the
+**W** command.
+
+**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with the
+**'** and **"** commands are guaranteed to **NOT** be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
+they **are** guaranteed to be reproducible with identical **seed** values.
+
+The pseudo-random number generator, **seed**, and all associated operations are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+# NUMBERS
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to **F**, and at
+most **1** period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **DC_NUM_MAX** digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e.,
+**A** equals **10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the
+current value of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit
+in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **F** alone always equals decimal
+**15**.
+
+In addition, dc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation. These have the form
+**\<number\>e\<integer\>**. The power (the portion after the **e**) must be an
+integer. An example is **1.89237e9**, which is equal to **1892370000**. Negative
+exponents are also allowed, so **4.2890e_3** is equal to **0.0042890**.
+
+**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
+interpreted according to the current **ibase**, but the number is still
+multiplied by **10\^exponent** regardless of the current **ibase**. For example,
+if **ibase** is **16** and dc(1) is given the number string **FFeA**, the
+resulting decimal number will be **2550000000000**, and if dc(1) is given the
+number string **10e_4**, the resulting decimal number will be **0.0016**.
+
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# COMMANDS
+
+The valid commands are listed below.
+
+## Printing
+
+These commands are used for printing.
+
+Note that both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for
+printing numbers. Scientific notation is activated by assigning **0** to
+**obase** using **0o**, and engineering notation is activated by assigning **1**
+to **obase** using **1o**. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to
+**obase**.
+
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**p**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a
+ newline after.
+
+ This does not alter the stack.
+
+**n**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it
+ off of the stack.
+
+**P**
+
+: Pops a value off the stack.
+
+ If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+ result is printed as though **obase** is **UCHAR_MAX+1** and each digit is
+ interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream.
+
+ If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**f**
+
+: Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+ without altering anything.
+
+ Users should use this command when they get lost.
+
+## Arithmetic
+
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+
+**+**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed
+ onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max *scale* of
+ both operands.
+
+**-**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max
+ *scale* of both operands.
+
+**\***
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result
+ is equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to **scale**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack.
+
+ Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale**, and
+ 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**~**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and
+ the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack.
+ This is equivalent to **x y / x y %** except that **x** and **y** are only
+ evaluated once.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+ power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+ value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+ non-zero.
+
+**v**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the
+ result is pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to
+ **scale**.
+
+ The value popped off of the stack must be non-negative.
+
+**\_**
+
+: If this command *immediately* precedes a number (i.e., no spaces or other
+ commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+
+ Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is
+ negated and pushed onto the stack. This behavior without a number is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**b**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back
+ onto the stack. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**|**
+
+: The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is
+ computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+ integer and non-zero. The second value popped is used as the exponent and
+ must be an integer and non-negative. The third value popped is the base and
+ must be an integer.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\$**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is truncated
+ and pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\@**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the second
+ is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or extension.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**H**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted left
+ (radix shifted right) to the value of the first.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**h**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted right
+ (radix shifted left) to the value of the first.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**G**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if they are equal, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**N**
+
+: The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a **0**, a **1** is
+ pushed; otherwise, a **0** is pushed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**(**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**{**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or **0**
+ otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**)**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**}**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**M**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If they are both non-zero, a
+ **1** is pushed onto the stack. If either of them is zero, or both of them
+ are, then a **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **&&** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**m**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If at least one of them is
+ non-zero, a **1** is pushed onto the stack. If both of them are zero, then a
+ **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **||** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Pseudo-Random Number Generator
+
+dc(1) has a built-in pseudo-random number generator. These commands query the
+pseudo-random number generator. (See Parameters for more information about the
+**seed** value that controls the pseudo-random number generator.)
+
+The pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to **NOT** be
+cryptographically secure.
+
+**'**
+
+: Generates an integer between 0 and **DC_RAND_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section).
+
+ The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+ limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**"**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an **exclusive** upper bound
+ on the integer that will be generated. If the bound is negative or is a
+ non-integer, an error is raised, and dc(1) resets (see the **RESET**
+ section) while **seed** remains unchanged. If the bound is larger than
+ **DC_RAND_MAX**, the higher bound is honored by generating several
+ pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of
+ **DC_RAND_MAX+1**, and adding them together. Thus, the size of integer that
+ can be generated with this command is unbounded. Using this command will
+ change the value of **seed**, unless the operand is **0** or **1**. In that
+ case, **0** is pushed onto the stack, and **seed** is *not* changed.
+
+ The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+ limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Stack Control
+
+These commands control the stack.
+
+**c**
+
+: Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+
+**d**
+
+: Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto
+ the stack.
+
+**r**
+
+: Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+
+**R**
+
+: Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+
+## Register Control
+
+These commands control registers (see the **REGISTERS** section).
+
+**s***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register *r*.
+
+**l***r*
+
+: Copies the value in register *r* and pushes it onto the stack. This does not
+ alter the contents of *r*.
+
+**S***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack
+ of register *r*. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+
+**L***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack for register *r* and push it onto
+ the main stack. The previous value in the stack for register *r*, if any, is
+ now accessible via the **l***r* command.
+
+## Parameters
+
+These commands control the values of **ibase**, **obase**, **scale**, and
+**seed**. Also see the **SYNTAX** section.
+
+**i**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **ibase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **16**, inclusive.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**o**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **obase**,
+ which must be between **0** and **DC_BASE_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section and the **NUMBERS** section).
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**k**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **scale**,
+ which must be non-negative.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**j**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **seed**. The
+ meaning of **seed** is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
+ generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
+
+ The *scale* and sign of the value may be significant.
+
+ If a previously used **seed** value is used again, the pseudo-random number
+ generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo-random
+ numbers as it did when the **seed** value was previously used.
+
+ The exact value assigned to **seed** is not guaranteed to be returned if the
+ **J** command is used. However, if **seed** *does* return a different value,
+ both values, when assigned to **seed**, are guaranteed to produce the same
+ sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain values assigned
+ to **seed** will not produce unique sequences of pseudo-random numbers.
+
+ There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
+ *scale* of the value that can be assigned to **seed**.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**I**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+**O**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+**K**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+**J**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **seed** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**T**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**U**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**V**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**W**
+
+: Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the **'**
+ pseudo-random number generator command.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Strings
+
+The following commands control strings.
+
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) can hold both strings and numbers. dc(1) always knows
+whether the contents of a register are a string or a number.
+
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if
+given a string, other commands accept strings.
+
+Strings can also be executed as macros. For example, if the string **[1pR]** is
+executed as a macro, then the code **1pR** is executed, meaning that the **1**
+will be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+
+**\[**_characters_**\]**
+
+: Makes a string containing *characters* and pushes it onto the stack.
+
+ If there are brackets (**\[** and **\]**) in the string, then they must be
+ balanced. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (**\\**)
+ character.
+
+ If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+ (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first)
+ backslash is not.
+
+**a**
+
+: The value on top of the stack is popped.
+
+ If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken. The
+ result mod **UCHAR_MAX+1** is calculated. If that result is **0**, push an
+ empty string; otherwise, push a one-character string where the character is
+ the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character.
+
+ If it is a string, then a new string is made. If the original string is
+ empty, the new string is empty. If it is not, then the first character of
+ the original string is used to create the new string as a one-character
+ string. The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**x**
+
+: Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+
+ This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+ command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+
+**\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ For example, **0 1>a** will execute the contents of register **a**, and
+ **1 0>a** will not.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**?**
+
+: Reads a line from the **stdin** and executes it. This is to allow macros to
+ request input from users.
+
+**q**
+
+: During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the
+ execution of the macro that executed it. If there are no macros, or only one
+ macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+
+**Q**
+
+: Pops a value from the stack which must be non-negative and is used the
+ number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack. If the number
+ of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1)
+ exits.
+
+## Status
+
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+
+**Z**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it
+ has and pushes the result.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+
+**X**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, pushes the *scale* of the value onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes **0**.
+
+**z**
+
+: Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+
+## Arrays
+
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+
+**:***r*
+
+: Pops the top two values off of the stack. The second value will be stored in
+ the array *r* (see the **REGISTERS** section), indexed by the first value.
+
+**;***r*
+
+: Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array
+ *r*. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+# REGISTERS
+
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays. (Number/string
+registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of
+the stack for the register. All registers, when first referenced, have one value
+(**0**) in their stack.
+
+In non-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that
+follows any command that needs a register name. The only exception is a newline
+(**'\\n'**); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+
+## Extended Register Mode
+
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited
+amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+
+If extended register mode is enabled (**-x** or **--extended-register**
+command-line arguments are given), then normal single character registers are
+used *unless* the character immediately following a command that needs a
+register name is a space (according to **isspace()**) and not a newline
+(**'\\n'**).
+
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+**\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\*** (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse error if
+the next non-space characters do not match that regex.
+
+# RESET
+
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+macros returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most dc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This dc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **DC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **DC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **DC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+
+**DC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where dc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **DC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **DC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**DC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_RAND_MAX**
+
+: The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the **'** command, if dc(1). Set
+ at **2\^DC_LONG_BIT-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**DC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to dc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **DC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs. Another use would
+ be to use the **-e** option to set **scale** to a value other than **0**.
+
+ The code that parses **DC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"dc\" file.dc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **DC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**DC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), dc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash newline combo. The default
+ line length is **70**.
+
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
+ generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**), places (**\@**), left shift (**H**), and right shift (**h**)
+ operators.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is
+ invalid.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, and attempting an operation when
+ the stack has too few elements.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If dc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If dc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+bc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1)
+[IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1] specification.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHOR
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HP.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HP.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/HP.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1176 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# Name
+
+dc - arbitrary-precision reverse-Polish notation calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**dc** [**-hiPvVx**] [**--version**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--extended-register**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...] [*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+dc(1) is an arbitrary-precision calculator. It uses a stack (reverse Polish
+notation) to store numbers and results of computations. Arithmetic operations
+pop arguments off of the stack and push the results.
+
+If no files are given on the command-line as extra arguments (i.e., not as
+**-f** or **--file** arguments), then dc(1) reads from **stdin**. Otherwise,
+those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where **-e** (**--expression**) and **-f** (**--file**)
+arguments cause dc(1) to execute them and exit. The reason for this is that this
+dc(1) allows users to set arguments in the environment variable **DC_ENV_ARGS**
+(see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section). Any expressions given on the
+command-line should be used to set up a standard environment. For example, if a
+user wants the **scale** always set to **10**, they can set **DC_ENV_ARGS** to
+**-e 10k**, and this dc(1) will always start with a **scale** of **10**.
+
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from **-e** and
+**-f** arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add **-e q**
+as the last command-line argument or define the environment variable
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: This option is a no-op.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-x** **--extended-register**
+
+: Enables extended register mode. See the *Extended Register Mode* subsection
+ of the **REGISTERS** section for more information.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **dc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **dc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the **NUMBERS**
+section) or a command (see the **COMMANDS** section), is processed and executed,
+in order. Input is processed immediately when entered.
+
+**ibase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+interpret constant numbers. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for
+interpreting input numbers. **ibase** is initially **10**. The max allowable
+value for **ibase** is **16**. The min allowable value for **ibase** is **2**.
+The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the
+**T** command.
+
+**obase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+output results. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting
+numbers. **obase** is initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is
+**DC_BASE_MAX** and can be queried with the **U** command. The min allowable
+value for **obase** is **0**. If **obase** is **0**, values are output in
+scientific notation, and if **obase** is **1**, values are output in engineering
+notation. Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are **non-portable
+extensions**.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a register (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) that sets the precision of any operations (with
+exceptions). **scale** is initially **0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max
+allowable value for **scale** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the **V**
+command.
+
+**seed** is a register containing the current seed for the pseudo-random number
+generator. If the current value of **seed** is queried and stored, then if it is
+assigned to **seed** later, the pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers that were generated after the
+value of **seed** was first queried.
+
+Multiple values assigned to **seed** can produce the same sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers. Likewise, when a value is assigned to **seed**, it is not
+guaranteed that querying **seed** immediately after will return the same value.
+In addition, the value of **seed** will change after any call to the **'**
+command or the **"** command that does not get receive a value of **0** or
+**1**. The maximum integer returned by the **'** command can be queried with the
+**W** command.
+
+**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with the
+**'** and **"** commands are guaranteed to **NOT** be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
+they **are** guaranteed to be reproducible with identical **seed** values.
+
+The pseudo-random number generator, **seed**, and all associated operations are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+# NUMBERS
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to **F**, and at
+most **1** period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **DC_NUM_MAX** digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e.,
+**A** equals **10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the
+current value of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit
+in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **F** alone always equals decimal
+**15**.
+
+In addition, dc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation. These have the form
+**\<number\>e\<integer\>**. The power (the portion after the **e**) must be an
+integer. An example is **1.89237e9**, which is equal to **1892370000**. Negative
+exponents are also allowed, so **4.2890e_3** is equal to **0.0042890**.
+
+**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
+interpreted according to the current **ibase**, but the number is still
+multiplied by **10\^exponent** regardless of the current **ibase**. For example,
+if **ibase** is **16** and dc(1) is given the number string **FFeA**, the
+resulting decimal number will be **2550000000000**, and if dc(1) is given the
+number string **10e_4**, the resulting decimal number will be **0.0016**.
+
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# COMMANDS
+
+The valid commands are listed below.
+
+## Printing
+
+These commands are used for printing.
+
+Note that both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for
+printing numbers. Scientific notation is activated by assigning **0** to
+**obase** using **0o**, and engineering notation is activated by assigning **1**
+to **obase** using **1o**. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to
+**obase**.
+
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**p**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a
+ newline after.
+
+ This does not alter the stack.
+
+**n**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it
+ off of the stack.
+
+**P**
+
+: Pops a value off the stack.
+
+ If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+ result is printed as though **obase** is **UCHAR_MAX+1** and each digit is
+ interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream.
+
+ If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**f**
+
+: Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+ without altering anything.
+
+ Users should use this command when they get lost.
+
+## Arithmetic
+
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+
+**+**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed
+ onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max *scale* of
+ both operands.
+
+**-**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max
+ *scale* of both operands.
+
+**\***
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result
+ is equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to **scale**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack.
+
+ Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale**, and
+ 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**~**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and
+ the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack.
+ This is equivalent to **x y / x y %** except that **x** and **y** are only
+ evaluated once.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+ power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+ value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+ non-zero.
+
+**v**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the
+ result is pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to
+ **scale**.
+
+ The value popped off of the stack must be non-negative.
+
+**\_**
+
+: If this command *immediately* precedes a number (i.e., no spaces or other
+ commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+
+ Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is
+ negated and pushed onto the stack. This behavior without a number is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**b**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back
+ onto the stack. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**|**
+
+: The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is
+ computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+ integer and non-zero. The second value popped is used as the exponent and
+ must be an integer and non-negative. The third value popped is the base and
+ must be an integer.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\$**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is truncated
+ and pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\@**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the second
+ is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or extension.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**H**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted left
+ (radix shifted right) to the value of the first.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**h**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted right
+ (radix shifted left) to the value of the first.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**G**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if they are equal, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**N**
+
+: The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a **0**, a **1** is
+ pushed; otherwise, a **0** is pushed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**(**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**{**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or **0**
+ otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**)**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**}**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**M**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If they are both non-zero, a
+ **1** is pushed onto the stack. If either of them is zero, or both of them
+ are, then a **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **&&** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**m**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If at least one of them is
+ non-zero, a **1** is pushed onto the stack. If both of them are zero, then a
+ **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **||** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Pseudo-Random Number Generator
+
+dc(1) has a built-in pseudo-random number generator. These commands query the
+pseudo-random number generator. (See Parameters for more information about the
+**seed** value that controls the pseudo-random number generator.)
+
+The pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to **NOT** be
+cryptographically secure.
+
+**'**
+
+: Generates an integer between 0 and **DC_RAND_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section).
+
+ The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+ limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**"**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an **exclusive** upper bound
+ on the integer that will be generated. If the bound is negative or is a
+ non-integer, an error is raised, and dc(1) resets (see the **RESET**
+ section) while **seed** remains unchanged. If the bound is larger than
+ **DC_RAND_MAX**, the higher bound is honored by generating several
+ pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of
+ **DC_RAND_MAX+1**, and adding them together. Thus, the size of integer that
+ can be generated with this command is unbounded. Using this command will
+ change the value of **seed**, unless the operand is **0** or **1**. In that
+ case, **0** is pushed onto the stack, and **seed** is *not* changed.
+
+ The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+ limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Stack Control
+
+These commands control the stack.
+
+**c**
+
+: Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+
+**d**
+
+: Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto
+ the stack.
+
+**r**
+
+: Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+
+**R**
+
+: Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+
+## Register Control
+
+These commands control registers (see the **REGISTERS** section).
+
+**s***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register *r*.
+
+**l***r*
+
+: Copies the value in register *r* and pushes it onto the stack. This does not
+ alter the contents of *r*.
+
+**S***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack
+ of register *r*. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+
+**L***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack for register *r* and push it onto
+ the main stack. The previous value in the stack for register *r*, if any, is
+ now accessible via the **l***r* command.
+
+## Parameters
+
+These commands control the values of **ibase**, **obase**, **scale**, and
+**seed**. Also see the **SYNTAX** section.
+
+**i**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **ibase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **16**, inclusive.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**o**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **obase**,
+ which must be between **0** and **DC_BASE_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section and the **NUMBERS** section).
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**k**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **scale**,
+ which must be non-negative.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**j**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **seed**. The
+ meaning of **seed** is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
+ generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
+
+ The *scale* and sign of the value may be significant.
+
+ If a previously used **seed** value is used again, the pseudo-random number
+ generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo-random
+ numbers as it did when the **seed** value was previously used.
+
+ The exact value assigned to **seed** is not guaranteed to be returned if the
+ **J** command is used. However, if **seed** *does* return a different value,
+ both values, when assigned to **seed**, are guaranteed to produce the same
+ sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain values assigned
+ to **seed** will not produce unique sequences of pseudo-random numbers.
+
+ There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
+ *scale* of the value that can be assigned to **seed**.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**I**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+**O**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+**K**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+**J**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **seed** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**T**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**U**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**V**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**W**
+
+: Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the **'**
+ pseudo-random number generator command.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Strings
+
+The following commands control strings.
+
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) can hold both strings and numbers. dc(1) always knows
+whether the contents of a register are a string or a number.
+
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if
+given a string, other commands accept strings.
+
+Strings can also be executed as macros. For example, if the string **[1pR]** is
+executed as a macro, then the code **1pR** is executed, meaning that the **1**
+will be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+
+**\[**_characters_**\]**
+
+: Makes a string containing *characters* and pushes it onto the stack.
+
+ If there are brackets (**\[** and **\]**) in the string, then they must be
+ balanced. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (**\\**)
+ character.
+
+ If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+ (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first)
+ backslash is not.
+
+**a**
+
+: The value on top of the stack is popped.
+
+ If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken. The
+ result mod **UCHAR_MAX+1** is calculated. If that result is **0**, push an
+ empty string; otherwise, push a one-character string where the character is
+ the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character.
+
+ If it is a string, then a new string is made. If the original string is
+ empty, the new string is empty. If it is not, then the first character of
+ the original string is used to create the new string as a one-character
+ string. The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**x**
+
+: Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+
+ This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+ command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+
+**\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ For example, **0 1>a** will execute the contents of register **a**, and
+ **1 0>a** will not.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**?**
+
+: Reads a line from the **stdin** and executes it. This is to allow macros to
+ request input from users.
+
+**q**
+
+: During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the
+ execution of the macro that executed it. If there are no macros, or only one
+ macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+
+**Q**
+
+: Pops a value from the stack which must be non-negative and is used the
+ number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack. If the number
+ of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1)
+ exits.
+
+## Status
+
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+
+**Z**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it
+ has and pushes the result.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+
+**X**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, pushes the *scale* of the value onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes **0**.
+
+**z**
+
+: Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+
+## Arrays
+
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+
+**:***r*
+
+: Pops the top two values off of the stack. The second value will be stored in
+ the array *r* (see the **REGISTERS** section), indexed by the first value.
+
+**;***r*
+
+: Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array
+ *r*. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+# REGISTERS
+
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays. (Number/string
+registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of
+the stack for the register. All registers, when first referenced, have one value
+(**0**) in their stack.
+
+In non-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that
+follows any command that needs a register name. The only exception is a newline
+(**'\\n'**); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+
+## Extended Register Mode
+
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited
+amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+
+If extended register mode is enabled (**-x** or **--extended-register**
+command-line arguments are given), then normal single character registers are
+used *unless* the character immediately following a command that needs a
+register name is a space (according to **isspace()**) and not a newline
+(**'\\n'**).
+
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+**\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\*** (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse error if
+the next non-space characters do not match that regex.
+
+# RESET
+
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+macros returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most dc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This dc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **DC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **DC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **DC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+
+**DC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where dc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **DC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **DC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**DC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_RAND_MAX**
+
+: The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the **'** command, if dc(1). Set
+ at **2\^DC_LONG_BIT-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**DC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to dc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **DC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs. Another use would
+ be to use the **-e** option to set **scale** to a value other than **0**.
+
+ The code that parses **DC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"dc\" file.dc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **DC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**DC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), dc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash newline combo. The default
+ line length is **70**.
+
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
+ generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**), places (**\@**), left shift (**H**), and right shift (**h**)
+ operators.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is
+ invalid.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, and attempting an operation when
+ the stack has too few elements.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If dc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If dc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals.
+
+# LOCALES
+
+This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales
+and thus, supports **LC_MESSAGS**.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+bc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1)
+[IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1] specification.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHOR
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/N.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/N.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/N.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1189 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# Name
+
+dc - arbitrary-precision reverse-Polish notation calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**dc** [**-hiPvVx**] [**--version**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--extended-register**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...] [*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+dc(1) is an arbitrary-precision calculator. It uses a stack (reverse Polish
+notation) to store numbers and results of computations. Arithmetic operations
+pop arguments off of the stack and push the results.
+
+If no files are given on the command-line as extra arguments (i.e., not as
+**-f** or **--file** arguments), then dc(1) reads from **stdin**. Otherwise,
+those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where **-e** (**--expression**) and **-f** (**--file**)
+arguments cause dc(1) to execute them and exit. The reason for this is that this
+dc(1) allows users to set arguments in the environment variable **DC_ENV_ARGS**
+(see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section). Any expressions given on the
+command-line should be used to set up a standard environment. For example, if a
+user wants the **scale** always set to **10**, they can set **DC_ENV_ARGS** to
+**-e 10k**, and this dc(1) will always start with a **scale** of **10**.
+
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from **-e** and
+**-f** arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add **-e q**
+as the last command-line argument or define the environment variable
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: Disables the prompt in TTY mode. (The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+ See the **TTY MODE** section) This is mostly for those users that do not
+ want a prompt or are not used to having them in dc(1). Most of those users
+ would want to put this option in **DC_ENV_ARGS**.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-x** **--extended-register**
+
+: Enables extended register mode. See the *Extended Register Mode* subsection
+ of the **REGISTERS** section for more information.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **dc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **dc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the **NUMBERS**
+section) or a command (see the **COMMANDS** section), is processed and executed,
+in order. Input is processed immediately when entered.
+
+**ibase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+interpret constant numbers. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for
+interpreting input numbers. **ibase** is initially **10**. The max allowable
+value for **ibase** is **16**. The min allowable value for **ibase** is **2**.
+The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the
+**T** command.
+
+**obase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+output results. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting
+numbers. **obase** is initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is
+**DC_BASE_MAX** and can be queried with the **U** command. The min allowable
+value for **obase** is **0**. If **obase** is **0**, values are output in
+scientific notation, and if **obase** is **1**, values are output in engineering
+notation. Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are **non-portable
+extensions**.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a register (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) that sets the precision of any operations (with
+exceptions). **scale** is initially **0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max
+allowable value for **scale** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the **V**
+command.
+
+**seed** is a register containing the current seed for the pseudo-random number
+generator. If the current value of **seed** is queried and stored, then if it is
+assigned to **seed** later, the pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers that were generated after the
+value of **seed** was first queried.
+
+Multiple values assigned to **seed** can produce the same sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers. Likewise, when a value is assigned to **seed**, it is not
+guaranteed that querying **seed** immediately after will return the same value.
+In addition, the value of **seed** will change after any call to the **'**
+command or the **"** command that does not get receive a value of **0** or
+**1**. The maximum integer returned by the **'** command can be queried with the
+**W** command.
+
+**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with the
+**'** and **"** commands are guaranteed to **NOT** be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
+they **are** guaranteed to be reproducible with identical **seed** values.
+
+The pseudo-random number generator, **seed**, and all associated operations are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+# NUMBERS
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to **F**, and at
+most **1** period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **DC_NUM_MAX** digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e.,
+**A** equals **10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the
+current value of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit
+in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **F** alone always equals decimal
+**15**.
+
+In addition, dc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation. These have the form
+**\<number\>e\<integer\>**. The power (the portion after the **e**) must be an
+integer. An example is **1.89237e9**, which is equal to **1892370000**. Negative
+exponents are also allowed, so **4.2890e_3** is equal to **0.0042890**.
+
+**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
+interpreted according to the current **ibase**, but the number is still
+multiplied by **10\^exponent** regardless of the current **ibase**. For example,
+if **ibase** is **16** and dc(1) is given the number string **FFeA**, the
+resulting decimal number will be **2550000000000**, and if dc(1) is given the
+number string **10e_4**, the resulting decimal number will be **0.0016**.
+
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# COMMANDS
+
+The valid commands are listed below.
+
+## Printing
+
+These commands are used for printing.
+
+Note that both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for
+printing numbers. Scientific notation is activated by assigning **0** to
+**obase** using **0o**, and engineering notation is activated by assigning **1**
+to **obase** using **1o**. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to
+**obase**.
+
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**p**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a
+ newline after.
+
+ This does not alter the stack.
+
+**n**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it
+ off of the stack.
+
+**P**
+
+: Pops a value off the stack.
+
+ If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+ result is printed as though **obase** is **UCHAR_MAX+1** and each digit is
+ interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream.
+
+ If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**f**
+
+: Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+ without altering anything.
+
+ Users should use this command when they get lost.
+
+## Arithmetic
+
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+
+**+**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed
+ onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max *scale* of
+ both operands.
+
+**-**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max
+ *scale* of both operands.
+
+**\***
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result
+ is equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to **scale**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack.
+
+ Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale**, and
+ 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**~**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and
+ the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack.
+ This is equivalent to **x y / x y %** except that **x** and **y** are only
+ evaluated once.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+ power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+ value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+ non-zero.
+
+**v**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the
+ result is pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to
+ **scale**.
+
+ The value popped off of the stack must be non-negative.
+
+**\_**
+
+: If this command *immediately* precedes a number (i.e., no spaces or other
+ commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+
+ Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is
+ negated and pushed onto the stack. This behavior without a number is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**b**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back
+ onto the stack. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**|**
+
+: The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is
+ computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+ integer and non-zero. The second value popped is used as the exponent and
+ must be an integer and non-negative. The third value popped is the base and
+ must be an integer.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\$**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is truncated
+ and pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\@**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the second
+ is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or extension.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**H**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted left
+ (radix shifted right) to the value of the first.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**h**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted right
+ (radix shifted left) to the value of the first.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**G**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if they are equal, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**N**
+
+: The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a **0**, a **1** is
+ pushed; otherwise, a **0** is pushed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**(**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**{**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or **0**
+ otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**)**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**}**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**M**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If they are both non-zero, a
+ **1** is pushed onto the stack. If either of them is zero, or both of them
+ are, then a **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **&&** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**m**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If at least one of them is
+ non-zero, a **1** is pushed onto the stack. If both of them are zero, then a
+ **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **||** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Pseudo-Random Number Generator
+
+dc(1) has a built-in pseudo-random number generator. These commands query the
+pseudo-random number generator. (See Parameters for more information about the
+**seed** value that controls the pseudo-random number generator.)
+
+The pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to **NOT** be
+cryptographically secure.
+
+**'**
+
+: Generates an integer between 0 and **DC_RAND_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section).
+
+ The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+ limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**"**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an **exclusive** upper bound
+ on the integer that will be generated. If the bound is negative or is a
+ non-integer, an error is raised, and dc(1) resets (see the **RESET**
+ section) while **seed** remains unchanged. If the bound is larger than
+ **DC_RAND_MAX**, the higher bound is honored by generating several
+ pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of
+ **DC_RAND_MAX+1**, and adding them together. Thus, the size of integer that
+ can be generated with this command is unbounded. Using this command will
+ change the value of **seed**, unless the operand is **0** or **1**. In that
+ case, **0** is pushed onto the stack, and **seed** is *not* changed.
+
+ The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+ limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Stack Control
+
+These commands control the stack.
+
+**c**
+
+: Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+
+**d**
+
+: Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto
+ the stack.
+
+**r**
+
+: Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+
+**R**
+
+: Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+
+## Register Control
+
+These commands control registers (see the **REGISTERS** section).
+
+**s***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register *r*.
+
+**l***r*
+
+: Copies the value in register *r* and pushes it onto the stack. This does not
+ alter the contents of *r*.
+
+**S***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack
+ of register *r*. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+
+**L***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack for register *r* and push it onto
+ the main stack. The previous value in the stack for register *r*, if any, is
+ now accessible via the **l***r* command.
+
+## Parameters
+
+These commands control the values of **ibase**, **obase**, **scale**, and
+**seed**. Also see the **SYNTAX** section.
+
+**i**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **ibase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **16**, inclusive.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**o**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **obase**,
+ which must be between **0** and **DC_BASE_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section and the **NUMBERS** section).
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**k**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **scale**,
+ which must be non-negative.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**j**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **seed**. The
+ meaning of **seed** is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
+ generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
+
+ The *scale* and sign of the value may be significant.
+
+ If a previously used **seed** value is used again, the pseudo-random number
+ generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo-random
+ numbers as it did when the **seed** value was previously used.
+
+ The exact value assigned to **seed** is not guaranteed to be returned if the
+ **J** command is used. However, if **seed** *does* return a different value,
+ both values, when assigned to **seed**, are guaranteed to produce the same
+ sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain values assigned
+ to **seed** will not produce unique sequences of pseudo-random numbers.
+
+ There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
+ *scale* of the value that can be assigned to **seed**.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**I**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+**O**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+**K**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+**J**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **seed** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**T**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**U**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**V**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**W**
+
+: Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the **'**
+ pseudo-random number generator command.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Strings
+
+The following commands control strings.
+
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) can hold both strings and numbers. dc(1) always knows
+whether the contents of a register are a string or a number.
+
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if
+given a string, other commands accept strings.
+
+Strings can also be executed as macros. For example, if the string **[1pR]** is
+executed as a macro, then the code **1pR** is executed, meaning that the **1**
+will be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+
+**\[**_characters_**\]**
+
+: Makes a string containing *characters* and pushes it onto the stack.
+
+ If there are brackets (**\[** and **\]**) in the string, then they must be
+ balanced. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (**\\**)
+ character.
+
+ If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+ (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first)
+ backslash is not.
+
+**a**
+
+: The value on top of the stack is popped.
+
+ If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken. The
+ result mod **UCHAR_MAX+1** is calculated. If that result is **0**, push an
+ empty string; otherwise, push a one-character string where the character is
+ the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character.
+
+ If it is a string, then a new string is made. If the original string is
+ empty, the new string is empty. If it is not, then the first character of
+ the original string is used to create the new string as a one-character
+ string. The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**x**
+
+: Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+
+ This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+ command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+
+**\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ For example, **0 1>a** will execute the contents of register **a**, and
+ **1 0>a** will not.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**?**
+
+: Reads a line from the **stdin** and executes it. This is to allow macros to
+ request input from users.
+
+**q**
+
+: During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the
+ execution of the macro that executed it. If there are no macros, or only one
+ macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+
+**Q**
+
+: Pops a value from the stack which must be non-negative and is used the
+ number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack. If the number
+ of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1)
+ exits.
+
+## Status
+
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+
+**Z**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it
+ has and pushes the result.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+
+**X**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, pushes the *scale* of the value onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes **0**.
+
+**z**
+
+: Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+
+## Arrays
+
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+
+**:***r*
+
+: Pops the top two values off of the stack. The second value will be stored in
+ the array *r* (see the **REGISTERS** section), indexed by the first value.
+
+**;***r*
+
+: Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array
+ *r*. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+# REGISTERS
+
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays. (Number/string
+registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of
+the stack for the register. All registers, when first referenced, have one value
+(**0**) in their stack.
+
+In non-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that
+follows any command that needs a register name. The only exception is a newline
+(**'\\n'**); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+
+## Extended Register Mode
+
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited
+amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+
+If extended register mode is enabled (**-x** or **--extended-register**
+command-line arguments are given), then normal single character registers are
+used *unless* the character immediately following a command that needs a
+register name is a space (according to **isspace()**) and not a newline
+(**'\\n'**).
+
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+**\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\*** (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse error if
+the next non-space characters do not match that regex.
+
+# RESET
+
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+macros returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most dc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This dc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **DC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **DC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **DC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+
+**DC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where dc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **DC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **DC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**DC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_RAND_MAX**
+
+: The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the **'** command, if dc(1). Set
+ at **2\^DC_LONG_BIT-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**DC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to dc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **DC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs. Another use would
+ be to use the **-e** option to set **scale** to a value other than **0**.
+
+ The code that parses **DC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"dc\" file.dc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **DC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**DC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), dc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash newline combo. The default
+ line length is **70**.
+
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
+ generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**), places (**\@**), left shift (**H**), and right shift (**h**)
+ operators.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is
+ invalid.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, and attempting an operation when
+ the stack has too few elements.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the **COMMAND LINE HISTORY**
+section). It is also required to enable special handling for **SIGINT** signals.
+
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If dc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If dc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals. The one exception is **SIGHUP**; in that
+case, when dc(1) is in TTY mode, a **SIGHUP** will cause dc(1) to clean up and
+exit.
+
+# COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+
+dc(1) supports interactive command-line editing. If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see
+the **TTY MODE** section), history is enabled. Previous lines can be recalled
+and edited with the arrow keys.
+
+**Note**: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+bc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1)
+[IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1] specification.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHOR
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/NP.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/NP.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/NP.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1184 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# Name
+
+dc - arbitrary-precision reverse-Polish notation calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**dc** [**-hiPvVx**] [**--version**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--extended-register**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...] [*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+dc(1) is an arbitrary-precision calculator. It uses a stack (reverse Polish
+notation) to store numbers and results of computations. Arithmetic operations
+pop arguments off of the stack and push the results.
+
+If no files are given on the command-line as extra arguments (i.e., not as
+**-f** or **--file** arguments), then dc(1) reads from **stdin**. Otherwise,
+those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where **-e** (**--expression**) and **-f** (**--file**)
+arguments cause dc(1) to execute them and exit. The reason for this is that this
+dc(1) allows users to set arguments in the environment variable **DC_ENV_ARGS**
+(see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section). Any expressions given on the
+command-line should be used to set up a standard environment. For example, if a
+user wants the **scale** always set to **10**, they can set **DC_ENV_ARGS** to
+**-e 10k**, and this dc(1) will always start with a **scale** of **10**.
+
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from **-e** and
+**-f** arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add **-e q**
+as the last command-line argument or define the environment variable
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: This option is a no-op.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-x** **--extended-register**
+
+: Enables extended register mode. See the *Extended Register Mode* subsection
+ of the **REGISTERS** section for more information.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **dc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **dc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the **NUMBERS**
+section) or a command (see the **COMMANDS** section), is processed and executed,
+in order. Input is processed immediately when entered.
+
+**ibase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+interpret constant numbers. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for
+interpreting input numbers. **ibase** is initially **10**. The max allowable
+value for **ibase** is **16**. The min allowable value for **ibase** is **2**.
+The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the
+**T** command.
+
+**obase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+output results. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting
+numbers. **obase** is initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is
+**DC_BASE_MAX** and can be queried with the **U** command. The min allowable
+value for **obase** is **0**. If **obase** is **0**, values are output in
+scientific notation, and if **obase** is **1**, values are output in engineering
+notation. Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are **non-portable
+extensions**.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a register (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) that sets the precision of any operations (with
+exceptions). **scale** is initially **0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max
+allowable value for **scale** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the **V**
+command.
+
+**seed** is a register containing the current seed for the pseudo-random number
+generator. If the current value of **seed** is queried and stored, then if it is
+assigned to **seed** later, the pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers that were generated after the
+value of **seed** was first queried.
+
+Multiple values assigned to **seed** can produce the same sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers. Likewise, when a value is assigned to **seed**, it is not
+guaranteed that querying **seed** immediately after will return the same value.
+In addition, the value of **seed** will change after any call to the **'**
+command or the **"** command that does not get receive a value of **0** or
+**1**. The maximum integer returned by the **'** command can be queried with the
+**W** command.
+
+**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with the
+**'** and **"** commands are guaranteed to **NOT** be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
+they **are** guaranteed to be reproducible with identical **seed** values.
+
+The pseudo-random number generator, **seed**, and all associated operations are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+# NUMBERS
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to **F**, and at
+most **1** period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **DC_NUM_MAX** digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e.,
+**A** equals **10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the
+current value of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit
+in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **F** alone always equals decimal
+**15**.
+
+In addition, dc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation. These have the form
+**\<number\>e\<integer\>**. The power (the portion after the **e**) must be an
+integer. An example is **1.89237e9**, which is equal to **1892370000**. Negative
+exponents are also allowed, so **4.2890e_3** is equal to **0.0042890**.
+
+**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
+interpreted according to the current **ibase**, but the number is still
+multiplied by **10\^exponent** regardless of the current **ibase**. For example,
+if **ibase** is **16** and dc(1) is given the number string **FFeA**, the
+resulting decimal number will be **2550000000000**, and if dc(1) is given the
+number string **10e_4**, the resulting decimal number will be **0.0016**.
+
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# COMMANDS
+
+The valid commands are listed below.
+
+## Printing
+
+These commands are used for printing.
+
+Note that both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for
+printing numbers. Scientific notation is activated by assigning **0** to
+**obase** using **0o**, and engineering notation is activated by assigning **1**
+to **obase** using **1o**. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to
+**obase**.
+
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**p**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a
+ newline after.
+
+ This does not alter the stack.
+
+**n**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it
+ off of the stack.
+
+**P**
+
+: Pops a value off the stack.
+
+ If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+ result is printed as though **obase** is **UCHAR_MAX+1** and each digit is
+ interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream.
+
+ If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**f**
+
+: Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+ without altering anything.
+
+ Users should use this command when they get lost.
+
+## Arithmetic
+
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+
+**+**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed
+ onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max *scale* of
+ both operands.
+
+**-**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max
+ *scale* of both operands.
+
+**\***
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result
+ is equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to **scale**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack.
+
+ Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale**, and
+ 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**~**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and
+ the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack.
+ This is equivalent to **x y / x y %** except that **x** and **y** are only
+ evaluated once.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+ power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+ value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+ non-zero.
+
+**v**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the
+ result is pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to
+ **scale**.
+
+ The value popped off of the stack must be non-negative.
+
+**\_**
+
+: If this command *immediately* precedes a number (i.e., no spaces or other
+ commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+
+ Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is
+ negated and pushed onto the stack. This behavior without a number is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**b**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back
+ onto the stack. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**|**
+
+: The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is
+ computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+ integer and non-zero. The second value popped is used as the exponent and
+ must be an integer and non-negative. The third value popped is the base and
+ must be an integer.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\$**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is truncated
+ and pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\@**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the second
+ is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or extension.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**H**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted left
+ (radix shifted right) to the value of the first.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**h**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted right
+ (radix shifted left) to the value of the first.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**G**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if they are equal, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**N**
+
+: The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a **0**, a **1** is
+ pushed; otherwise, a **0** is pushed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**(**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**{**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or **0**
+ otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**)**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**}**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**M**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If they are both non-zero, a
+ **1** is pushed onto the stack. If either of them is zero, or both of them
+ are, then a **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **&&** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**m**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If at least one of them is
+ non-zero, a **1** is pushed onto the stack. If both of them are zero, then a
+ **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **||** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Pseudo-Random Number Generator
+
+dc(1) has a built-in pseudo-random number generator. These commands query the
+pseudo-random number generator. (See Parameters for more information about the
+**seed** value that controls the pseudo-random number generator.)
+
+The pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to **NOT** be
+cryptographically secure.
+
+**'**
+
+: Generates an integer between 0 and **DC_RAND_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section).
+
+ The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+ limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**"**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an **exclusive** upper bound
+ on the integer that will be generated. If the bound is negative or is a
+ non-integer, an error is raised, and dc(1) resets (see the **RESET**
+ section) while **seed** remains unchanged. If the bound is larger than
+ **DC_RAND_MAX**, the higher bound is honored by generating several
+ pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of
+ **DC_RAND_MAX+1**, and adding them together. Thus, the size of integer that
+ can be generated with this command is unbounded. Using this command will
+ change the value of **seed**, unless the operand is **0** or **1**. In that
+ case, **0** is pushed onto the stack, and **seed** is *not* changed.
+
+ The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+ limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Stack Control
+
+These commands control the stack.
+
+**c**
+
+: Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+
+**d**
+
+: Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto
+ the stack.
+
+**r**
+
+: Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+
+**R**
+
+: Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+
+## Register Control
+
+These commands control registers (see the **REGISTERS** section).
+
+**s***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register *r*.
+
+**l***r*
+
+: Copies the value in register *r* and pushes it onto the stack. This does not
+ alter the contents of *r*.
+
+**S***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack
+ of register *r*. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+
+**L***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack for register *r* and push it onto
+ the main stack. The previous value in the stack for register *r*, if any, is
+ now accessible via the **l***r* command.
+
+## Parameters
+
+These commands control the values of **ibase**, **obase**, **scale**, and
+**seed**. Also see the **SYNTAX** section.
+
+**i**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **ibase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **16**, inclusive.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**o**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **obase**,
+ which must be between **0** and **DC_BASE_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section and the **NUMBERS** section).
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**k**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **scale**,
+ which must be non-negative.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**j**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **seed**. The
+ meaning of **seed** is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
+ generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
+
+ The *scale* and sign of the value may be significant.
+
+ If a previously used **seed** value is used again, the pseudo-random number
+ generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo-random
+ numbers as it did when the **seed** value was previously used.
+
+ The exact value assigned to **seed** is not guaranteed to be returned if the
+ **J** command is used. However, if **seed** *does* return a different value,
+ both values, when assigned to **seed**, are guaranteed to produce the same
+ sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain values assigned
+ to **seed** will not produce unique sequences of pseudo-random numbers.
+
+ There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
+ *scale* of the value that can be assigned to **seed**.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**I**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+**O**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+**K**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+**J**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **seed** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**T**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**U**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**V**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**W**
+
+: Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the **'**
+ pseudo-random number generator command.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Strings
+
+The following commands control strings.
+
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) can hold both strings and numbers. dc(1) always knows
+whether the contents of a register are a string or a number.
+
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if
+given a string, other commands accept strings.
+
+Strings can also be executed as macros. For example, if the string **[1pR]** is
+executed as a macro, then the code **1pR** is executed, meaning that the **1**
+will be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+
+**\[**_characters_**\]**
+
+: Makes a string containing *characters* and pushes it onto the stack.
+
+ If there are brackets (**\[** and **\]**) in the string, then they must be
+ balanced. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (**\\**)
+ character.
+
+ If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+ (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first)
+ backslash is not.
+
+**a**
+
+: The value on top of the stack is popped.
+
+ If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken. The
+ result mod **UCHAR_MAX+1** is calculated. If that result is **0**, push an
+ empty string; otherwise, push a one-character string where the character is
+ the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character.
+
+ If it is a string, then a new string is made. If the original string is
+ empty, the new string is empty. If it is not, then the first character of
+ the original string is used to create the new string as a one-character
+ string. The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**x**
+
+: Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+
+ This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+ command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+
+**\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ For example, **0 1>a** will execute the contents of register **a**, and
+ **1 0>a** will not.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**?**
+
+: Reads a line from the **stdin** and executes it. This is to allow macros to
+ request input from users.
+
+**q**
+
+: During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the
+ execution of the macro that executed it. If there are no macros, or only one
+ macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+
+**Q**
+
+: Pops a value from the stack which must be non-negative and is used the
+ number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack. If the number
+ of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1)
+ exits.
+
+## Status
+
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+
+**Z**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it
+ has and pushes the result.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+
+**X**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, pushes the *scale* of the value onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes **0**.
+
+**z**
+
+: Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+
+## Arrays
+
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+
+**:***r*
+
+: Pops the top two values off of the stack. The second value will be stored in
+ the array *r* (see the **REGISTERS** section), indexed by the first value.
+
+**;***r*
+
+: Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array
+ *r*. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+# REGISTERS
+
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays. (Number/string
+registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of
+the stack for the register. All registers, when first referenced, have one value
+(**0**) in their stack.
+
+In non-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that
+follows any command that needs a register name. The only exception is a newline
+(**'\\n'**); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+
+## Extended Register Mode
+
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited
+amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+
+If extended register mode is enabled (**-x** or **--extended-register**
+command-line arguments are given), then normal single character registers are
+used *unless* the character immediately following a command that needs a
+register name is a space (according to **isspace()**) and not a newline
+(**'\\n'**).
+
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+**\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\*** (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse error if
+the next non-space characters do not match that regex.
+
+# RESET
+
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+macros returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most dc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This dc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **DC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **DC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **DC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+
+**DC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where dc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **DC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **DC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**DC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_RAND_MAX**
+
+: The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the **'** command, if dc(1). Set
+ at **2\^DC_LONG_BIT-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**DC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to dc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **DC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs. Another use would
+ be to use the **-e** option to set **scale** to a value other than **0**.
+
+ The code that parses **DC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"dc\" file.dc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **DC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**DC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), dc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash newline combo. The default
+ line length is **70**.
+
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
+ generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**), places (**\@**), left shift (**H**), and right shift (**h**)
+ operators.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is
+ invalid.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, and attempting an operation when
+ the stack has too few elements.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the **COMMAND LINE HISTORY**
+section). It is also required to enable special handling for **SIGINT** signals.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If dc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If dc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals. The one exception is **SIGHUP**; in that
+case, when dc(1) is in TTY mode, a **SIGHUP** will cause dc(1) to clean up and
+exit.
+
+# COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+
+dc(1) supports interactive command-line editing. If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see
+the **TTY MODE** section), history is enabled. Previous lines can be recalled
+and edited with the arrow keys.
+
+**Note**: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+bc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1)
+[IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1] specification.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHOR
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/P.1.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/P.1.md (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc/P.1.md (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1189 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# Name
+
+dc - arbitrary-precision reverse-Polish notation calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**dc** [**-hiPvVx**] [**--version**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--extended-register**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...] [*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+dc(1) is an arbitrary-precision calculator. It uses a stack (reverse Polish
+notation) to store numbers and results of computations. Arithmetic operations
+pop arguments off of the stack and push the results.
+
+If no files are given on the command-line as extra arguments (i.e., not as
+**-f** or **--file** arguments), then dc(1) reads from **stdin**. Otherwise,
+those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where **-e** (**--expression**) and **-f** (**--file**)
+arguments cause dc(1) to execute them and exit. The reason for this is that this
+dc(1) allows users to set arguments in the environment variable **DC_ENV_ARGS**
+(see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section). Any expressions given on the
+command-line should be used to set up a standard environment. For example, if a
+user wants the **scale** always set to **10**, they can set **DC_ENV_ARGS** to
+**-e 10k**, and this dc(1) will always start with a **scale** of **10**.
+
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from **-e** and
+**-f** arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add **-e q**
+as the last command-line argument or define the environment variable
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+: This option is a no-op.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-x** **--extended-register**
+
+: Enables extended register mode. See the *Extended Register Mode* subsection
+ of the **REGISTERS** section for more information.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **dc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **dc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the **NUMBERS**
+section) or a command (see the **COMMANDS** section), is processed and executed,
+in order. Input is processed immediately when entered.
+
+**ibase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+interpret constant numbers. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for
+interpreting input numbers. **ibase** is initially **10**. The max allowable
+value for **ibase** is **16**. The min allowable value for **ibase** is **2**.
+The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the
+**T** command.
+
+**obase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+output results. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting
+numbers. **obase** is initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is
+**DC_BASE_MAX** and can be queried with the **U** command. The min allowable
+value for **obase** is **0**. If **obase** is **0**, values are output in
+scientific notation, and if **obase** is **1**, values are output in engineering
+notation. Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are **non-portable
+extensions**.
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a register (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) that sets the precision of any operations (with
+exceptions). **scale** is initially **0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max
+allowable value for **scale** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the **V**
+command.
+
+**seed** is a register containing the current seed for the pseudo-random number
+generator. If the current value of **seed** is queried and stored, then if it is
+assigned to **seed** later, the pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers that were generated after the
+value of **seed** was first queried.
+
+Multiple values assigned to **seed** can produce the same sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers. Likewise, when a value is assigned to **seed**, it is not
+guaranteed that querying **seed** immediately after will return the same value.
+In addition, the value of **seed** will change after any call to the **'**
+command or the **"** command that does not get receive a value of **0** or
+**1**. The maximum integer returned by the **'** command can be queried with the
+**W** command.
+
+**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with the
+**'** and **"** commands are guaranteed to **NOT** be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
+they **are** guaranteed to be reproducible with identical **seed** values.
+
+The pseudo-random number generator, **seed**, and all associated operations are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+# NUMBERS
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to **F**, and at
+most **1** period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **DC_NUM_MAX** digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e.,
+**A** equals **10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the
+current value of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit
+in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **F** alone always equals decimal
+**15**.
+
+In addition, dc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation. These have the form
+**\<number\>e\<integer\>**. The power (the portion after the **e**) must be an
+integer. An example is **1.89237e9**, which is equal to **1892370000**. Negative
+exponents are also allowed, so **4.2890e_3** is equal to **0.0042890**.
+
+**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
+interpreted according to the current **ibase**, but the number is still
+multiplied by **10\^exponent** regardless of the current **ibase**. For example,
+if **ibase** is **16** and dc(1) is given the number string **FFeA**, the
+resulting decimal number will be **2550000000000**, and if dc(1) is given the
+number string **10e_4**, the resulting decimal number will be **0.0016**.
+
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+# COMMANDS
+
+The valid commands are listed below.
+
+## Printing
+
+These commands are used for printing.
+
+Note that both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for
+printing numbers. Scientific notation is activated by assigning **0** to
+**obase** using **0o**, and engineering notation is activated by assigning **1**
+to **obase** using **1o**. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to
+**obase**.
+
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+**p**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a
+ newline after.
+
+ This does not alter the stack.
+
+**n**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it
+ off of the stack.
+
+**P**
+
+: Pops a value off the stack.
+
+ If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+ result is printed as though **obase** is **UCHAR_MAX+1** and each digit is
+ interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream.
+
+ If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**f**
+
+: Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+ without altering anything.
+
+ Users should use this command when they get lost.
+
+## Arithmetic
+
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+
+**+**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed
+ onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max *scale* of
+ both operands.
+
+**-**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max
+ *scale* of both operands.
+
+**\***
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result
+ is equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to **scale**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack.
+
+ Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale**, and
+ 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**~**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and
+ the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack.
+ This is equivalent to **x y / x y %** except that **x** and **y** are only
+ evaluated once.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+ power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+ value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+ non-zero.
+
+**v**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the
+ result is pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to
+ **scale**.
+
+ The value popped off of the stack must be non-negative.
+
+**\_**
+
+: If this command *immediately* precedes a number (i.e., no spaces or other
+ commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+
+ Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is
+ negated and pushed onto the stack. This behavior without a number is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**b**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back
+ onto the stack. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**|**
+
+: The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is
+ computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+ integer and non-zero. The second value popped is used as the exponent and
+ must be an integer and non-negative. The third value popped is the base and
+ must be an integer.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\$**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is truncated
+ and pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\@**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the second
+ is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or extension.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**H**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted left
+ (radix shifted right) to the value of the first.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**h**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted right
+ (radix shifted left) to the value of the first.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**G**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if they are equal, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**N**
+
+: The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a **0**, a **1** is
+ pushed; otherwise, a **0** is pushed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**(**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**{**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or **0**
+ otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**)**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**}**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**M**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If they are both non-zero, a
+ **1** is pushed onto the stack. If either of them is zero, or both of them
+ are, then a **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **&&** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**m**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If at least one of them is
+ non-zero, a **1** is pushed onto the stack. If both of them are zero, then a
+ **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **||** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Pseudo-Random Number Generator
+
+dc(1) has a built-in pseudo-random number generator. These commands query the
+pseudo-random number generator. (See Parameters for more information about the
+**seed** value that controls the pseudo-random number generator.)
+
+The pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to **NOT** be
+cryptographically secure.
+
+**'**
+
+: Generates an integer between 0 and **DC_RAND_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section).
+
+ The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+ limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**"**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an **exclusive** upper bound
+ on the integer that will be generated. If the bound is negative or is a
+ non-integer, an error is raised, and dc(1) resets (see the **RESET**
+ section) while **seed** remains unchanged. If the bound is larger than
+ **DC_RAND_MAX**, the higher bound is honored by generating several
+ pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of
+ **DC_RAND_MAX+1**, and adding them together. Thus, the size of integer that
+ can be generated with this command is unbounded. Using this command will
+ change the value of **seed**, unless the operand is **0** or **1**. In that
+ case, **0** is pushed onto the stack, and **seed** is *not* changed.
+
+ The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+ limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Stack Control
+
+These commands control the stack.
+
+**c**
+
+: Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+
+**d**
+
+: Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto
+ the stack.
+
+**r**
+
+: Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+
+**R**
+
+: Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+
+## Register Control
+
+These commands control registers (see the **REGISTERS** section).
+
+**s***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register *r*.
+
+**l***r*
+
+: Copies the value in register *r* and pushes it onto the stack. This does not
+ alter the contents of *r*.
+
+**S***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack
+ of register *r*. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+
+**L***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack for register *r* and push it onto
+ the main stack. The previous value in the stack for register *r*, if any, is
+ now accessible via the **l***r* command.
+
+## Parameters
+
+These commands control the values of **ibase**, **obase**, **scale**, and
+**seed**. Also see the **SYNTAX** section.
+
+**i**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **ibase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **16**, inclusive.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**o**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **obase**,
+ which must be between **0** and **DC_BASE_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section and the **NUMBERS** section).
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**k**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **scale**,
+ which must be non-negative.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**j**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **seed**. The
+ meaning of **seed** is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
+ generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
+
+ The *scale* and sign of the value may be significant.
+
+ If a previously used **seed** value is used again, the pseudo-random number
+ generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo-random
+ numbers as it did when the **seed** value was previously used.
+
+ The exact value assigned to **seed** is not guaranteed to be returned if the
+ **J** command is used. However, if **seed** *does* return a different value,
+ both values, when assigned to **seed**, are guaranteed to produce the same
+ sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain values assigned
+ to **seed** will not produce unique sequences of pseudo-random numbers.
+
+ There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
+ *scale* of the value that can be assigned to **seed**.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**I**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+**O**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+**K**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+**J**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **seed** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**T**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**U**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**V**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**W**
+
+: Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the **'**
+ pseudo-random number generator command.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+## Strings
+
+The following commands control strings.
+
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) can hold both strings and numbers. dc(1) always knows
+whether the contents of a register are a string or a number.
+
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if
+given a string, other commands accept strings.
+
+Strings can also be executed as macros. For example, if the string **[1pR]** is
+executed as a macro, then the code **1pR** is executed, meaning that the **1**
+will be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+
+**\[**_characters_**\]**
+
+: Makes a string containing *characters* and pushes it onto the stack.
+
+ If there are brackets (**\[** and **\]**) in the string, then they must be
+ balanced. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (**\\**)
+ character.
+
+ If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+ (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first)
+ backslash is not.
+
+**a**
+
+: The value on top of the stack is popped.
+
+ If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken. The
+ result mod **UCHAR_MAX+1** is calculated. If that result is **0**, push an
+ empty string; otherwise, push a one-character string where the character is
+ the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character.
+
+ If it is a string, then a new string is made. If the original string is
+ empty, the new string is empty. If it is not, then the first character of
+ the original string is used to create the new string as a one-character
+ string. The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**x**
+
+: Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+
+ This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+ command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+
+**\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ For example, **0 1>a** will execute the contents of register **a**, and
+ **1 0>a** will not.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**?**
+
+: Reads a line from the **stdin** and executes it. This is to allow macros to
+ request input from users.
+
+**q**
+
+: During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the
+ execution of the macro that executed it. If there are no macros, or only one
+ macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+
+**Q**
+
+: Pops a value from the stack which must be non-negative and is used the
+ number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack. If the number
+ of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1)
+ exits.
+
+## Status
+
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+
+**Z**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it
+ has and pushes the result.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+
+**X**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, pushes the *scale* of the value onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes **0**.
+
+**z**
+
+: Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+
+## Arrays
+
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+
+**:***r*
+
+: Pops the top two values off of the stack. The second value will be stored in
+ the array *r* (see the **REGISTERS** section), indexed by the first value.
+
+**;***r*
+
+: Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array
+ *r*. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+# REGISTERS
+
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays. (Number/string
+registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of
+the stack for the register. All registers, when first referenced, have one value
+(**0**) in their stack.
+
+In non-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that
+follows any command that needs a register name. The only exception is a newline
+(**'\\n'**); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+
+## Extended Register Mode
+
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited
+amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+
+If extended register mode is enabled (**-x** or **--extended-register**
+command-line arguments are given), then normal single character registers are
+used *unless* the character immediately following a command that needs a
+register name is a space (according to **isspace()**) and not a newline
+(**'\\n'**).
+
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+**\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\*** (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse error if
+the next non-space characters do not match that regex.
+
+# RESET
+
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+macros returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most dc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This dc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **DC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **DC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **DC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+
+**DC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where dc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **DC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **DC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**DC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_RAND_MAX**
+
+: The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the **'** command, if dc(1). Set
+ at **2\^DC_LONG_BIT-1**.
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**DC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to dc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **DC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs. Another use would
+ be to use the **-e** option to set **scale** to a value other than **0**.
+
+ The code that parses **DC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"dc\" file.dc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **DC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**DC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), dc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash newline combo. The default
+ line length is **70**.
+
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+ number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
+ generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**), places (**\@**), left shift (**H**), and right shift (**h**)
+ operators.
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is
+ invalid.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, and attempting an operation when
+ the stack has too few elements.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the **COMMAND LINE HISTORY**
+section). It is also required to enable special handling for **SIGINT** signals.
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If dc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If dc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+default handler for all other signals. The one exception is **SIGHUP**; in that
+case, when dc(1) is in TTY mode, a **SIGHUP** will cause dc(1) to clean up and
+exit.
+
+# COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+
+dc(1) supports interactive command-line editing. If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see
+the **TTY MODE** section), history is enabled. Previous lines can be recalled
+and edited with the arrow keys.
+
+**Note**: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+
+# LOCALES
+
+This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales
+and thus, supports **LC_MESSAGS**.
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+bc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1)
+[IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1] specification.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHOR
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc.1.md.in
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc.1.md.in (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc.1.md.in (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1257 @@
+<!---
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+
+Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-->
+
+# Name
+
+dc - arbitrary-precision reverse-Polish notation calculator
+
+# SYNOPSIS
+
+**dc** [**-hiPvVx**] [**--version**] [**--help**] [**--interactive**] [**--no-prompt**] [**--extended-register**] [**-e** *expr*] [**--expression**=*expr*...] [**-f** *file*...] [**-file**=*file*...] [*file*...]
+
+# DESCRIPTION
+
+dc(1) is an arbitrary-precision calculator. It uses a stack (reverse Polish
+notation) to store numbers and results of computations. Arithmetic operations
+pop arguments off of the stack and push the results.
+
+If no files are given on the command-line as extra arguments (i.e., not as
+**-f** or **--file** arguments), then dc(1) reads from **stdin**. Otherwise,
+those files are processed, and dc(1) will then exit.
+
+This is different from the dc(1) on OpenBSD and possibly other dc(1)
+implementations, where **-e** (**--expression**) and **-f** (**--file**)
+arguments cause dc(1) to execute them and exit. The reason for this is that this
+dc(1) allows users to set arguments in the environment variable **DC_ENV_ARGS**
+(see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section). Any expressions given on the
+command-line should be used to set up a standard environment. For example, if a
+user wants the **scale** always set to **10**, they can set **DC_ENV_ARGS** to
+**-e 10k**, and this dc(1) will always start with a **scale** of **10**.
+
+If users want to have dc(1) exit after processing all input from **-e** and
+**-f** arguments (and their equivalents), then they can just simply add **-e q**
+as the last command-line argument or define the environment variable
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**.
+
+# OPTIONS
+
+The following are the options that dc(1) accepts.
+
+**-h**, **--help**
+
+: Prints a usage message and quits.
+
+**-v**, **-V**, **--version**
+
+: Print the version information (copyright header) and exit.
+
+**-i**, **--interactive**
+
+: Forces interactive mode. (See the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section.)
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-P**, **--no-prompt**
+
+{{ A E H N EH EN HN EHN }}
+: Disables the prompt in TTY mode. (The prompt is only enabled in TTY mode.
+ See the **TTY MODE** section) This is mostly for those users that do not
+ want a prompt or are not used to having them in dc(1). Most of those users
+ would want to put this option in **DC_ENV_ARGS**.
+{{ end }}
+{{ P EP HP NP EHP ENP HNP EHNP }}
+: This option is a no-op.
+{{ end }}
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-x** **--extended-register**
+
+: Enables extended register mode. See the *Extended Register Mode* subsection
+ of the **REGISTERS** section for more information.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-e** *expr*, **--expression**=*expr*
+
+: Evaluates *expr*. If multiple expressions are given, they are evaluated in
+ order. If files are given as well (see below), the expressions and files are
+ evaluated in the order given. This means that if a file is given before an
+ expression, the file is read in and evaluated first.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the expressions and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**-f** *file*, **--file**=*file*
+
+: Reads in *file* and evaluates it, line by line, as though it were read
+ through **stdin**. If expressions are also given (see above), the
+ expressions are evaluated in the order given.
+
+ In other dc(1) implementations, this option causes the program to execute
+ the files and then exit. This dc(1) does not, unless the
+ **DC_EXPR_EXIT** is defined (see the **ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+All long options are **non-portable extensions**.
+
+# STDOUT
+
+Any non-error output is written to **stdout**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stdout**, so if
+**stdout** is closed, as in **dc <file> >&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can report problems when **stdout** is redirected to a
+file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stdout** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# STDERR
+
+Any error output is written to **stderr**.
+
+**Note**: Unlike other dc(1) implementations, this dc(1) will issue a fatal
+error (see the **EXIT STATUS** section) if it cannot write to **stderr**, so if
+**stderr** is closed, as in **dc <file> 2>&-**, it will quit with an error. This
+is done so that dc(1) can exit with an error code when **stderr** is redirected
+to a file.
+
+If there are scripts that depend on the behavior of other dc(1) implementations,
+it is recommended that those scripts be changed to redirect **stderr** to
+**/dev/null**.
+
+# SYNTAX
+
+Each item in the input source code, either a number (see the **NUMBERS**
+section) or a command (see the **COMMANDS** section), is processed and executed,
+in order. Input is processed immediately when entered.
+
+**ibase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+interpret constant numbers. It is the "input" base, or the number base used for
+interpreting input numbers. **ibase** is initially **10**. The max allowable
+value for **ibase** is **16**. The min allowable value for **ibase** is **2**.
+The max allowable value for **ibase** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the
+**T** command.
+
+**obase** is a register (see the **REGISTERS** section) that determines how to
+output results. It is the "output" base, or the number base used for outputting
+numbers. **obase** is initially **10**. The max allowable value for **obase** is
+**DC_BASE_MAX** and can be queried with the **U** command. The min allowable
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+value for **obase** is **0**. If **obase** is **0**, values are output in
+scientific notation, and if **obase** is **1**, values are output in engineering
+notation. Otherwise, values are output in the specified base.
+
+Outputting in scientific and engineering notations are **non-portable
+extensions**.
+{{ end }}
+{{ E EH EN EP EHN EHP ENP EHNP }}
+value for **obase** is **2**. Values are output in the specified base.
+{{ end }}
+
+The *scale* of an expression is the number of digits in the result of the
+expression right of the decimal point, and **scale** is a register (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) that sets the precision of any operations (with
+exceptions). **scale** is initially **0**. **scale** cannot be negative. The max
+allowable value for **scale** can be queried in dc(1) programs with the **V**
+command.
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+**seed** is a register containing the current seed for the pseudo-random number
+generator. If the current value of **seed** is queried and stored, then if it is
+assigned to **seed** later, the pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to
+produce the same sequence of pseudo-random numbers that were generated after the
+value of **seed** was first queried.
+
+Multiple values assigned to **seed** can produce the same sequence of
+pseudo-random numbers. Likewise, when a value is assigned to **seed**, it is not
+guaranteed that querying **seed** immediately after will return the same value.
+In addition, the value of **seed** will change after any call to the **'**
+command or the **"** command that does not get receive a value of **0** or
+**1**. The maximum integer returned by the **'** command can be queried with the
+**W** command.
+
+**Note**: The values returned by the pseudo-random number generator with the
+**'** and **"** commands are guaranteed to **NOT** be cryptographically secure.
+This is a consequence of using a seeded pseudo-random number generator. However,
+they **are** guaranteed to be reproducible with identical **seed** values.
+
+The pseudo-random number generator, **seed**, and all associated operations are
+**non-portable extensions**.
+{{ end }}
+
+## Comments
+
+Comments go from **#** until, and not including, the next newline. This is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+
+# NUMBERS
+
+Numbers are strings made up of digits, uppercase letters up to **F**, and at
+most **1** period for a radix. Numbers can have up to **DC_NUM_MAX** digits.
+Uppercase letters are equal to **9** + their position in the alphabet (i.e.,
+**A** equals **10**, or **9+1**). If a digit or letter makes no sense with the
+current value of **ibase**, they are set to the value of the highest valid digit
+in **ibase**.
+
+Single-character numbers (i.e., **A** alone) take the value that they would have
+if they were valid digits, regardless of the value of **ibase**. This means that
+**A** alone always equals decimal **10** and **F** alone always equals decimal
+**15**.
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+In addition, dc(1) accepts numbers in scientific notation. These have the form
+**\<number\>e\<integer\>**. The power (the portion after the **e**) must be an
+integer. An example is **1.89237e9**, which is equal to **1892370000**. Negative
+exponents are also allowed, so **4.2890e_3** is equal to **0.0042890**.
+
+**WARNING**: Both the number and the exponent in scientific notation are
+interpreted according to the current **ibase**, but the number is still
+multiplied by **10\^exponent** regardless of the current **ibase**. For example,
+if **ibase** is **16** and dc(1) is given the number string **FFeA**, the
+resulting decimal number will be **2550000000000**, and if dc(1) is given the
+number string **10e_4**, the resulting decimal number will be **0.0016**.
+
+Accepting input as scientific notation is a **non-portable extension**.
+{{ end }}
+
+# COMMANDS
+
+The valid commands are listed below.
+
+## Printing
+
+These commands are used for printing.
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+Note that both scientific notation and engineering notation are available for
+printing numbers. Scientific notation is activated by assigning **0** to
+**obase** using **0o**, and engineering notation is activated by assigning **1**
+to **obase** using **1o**. To deactivate them, just assign a different value to
+**obase**.
+
+Printing numbers in scientific notation and/or engineering notation is a
+**non-portable extension**.
+{{ end }}
+
+**p**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and prints a
+ newline after.
+
+ This does not alter the stack.
+
+**n**
+
+: Prints the value on top of the stack, whether number or string, and pops it
+ off of the stack.
+
+**P**
+
+: Pops a value off the stack.
+
+ If the value is a number, it is truncated and the absolute value of the
+ result is printed as though **obase** is **UCHAR_MAX+1** and each digit is
+ interpreted as an ASCII character, making it a byte stream.
+
+ If the value is a string, it is printed without a trailing newline.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**f**
+
+: Prints the entire contents of the stack, in order from newest to oldest,
+ without altering anything.
+
+ Users should use this command when they get lost.
+
+## Arithmetic
+
+These are the commands used for arithmetic.
+
+**+**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, added, and the result is pushed
+ onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max *scale* of
+ both operands.
+
+**-**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, subtracted, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to the max
+ *scale* of both operands.
+
+**\***
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, multiplied, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. If **a** is the *scale* of the first expression and
+ **b** is the *scale* of the second expression, the *scale* of the result
+ is equal to **min(a+b,max(scale,a,b))** where **min()** and **max()** return
+ the obvious values.
+
+**/**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to **scale**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**%**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, remaindered, and the result is
+ pushed onto the stack.
+
+ Remaindering is equivalent to 1) Computing **a/b** to current **scale**, and
+ 2) Using the result of step 1 to calculate **a-(a/b)\*b** to *scale*
+ **max(scale+scale(b),scale(a))**.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+**~**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, divided and remaindered, and
+ the results (divided first, remainder second) are pushed onto the stack.
+ This is equivalent to **x y / x y %** except that **x** and **y** are only
+ evaluated once.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be non-zero.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\^**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, the second is raised to the
+ power of the first, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer, and if that
+ value is negative, the second value popped off of the stack must be
+ non-zero.
+
+**v**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, its square root is computed, and the
+ result is pushed onto the stack. The *scale* of the result is equal to
+ **scale**.
+
+ The value popped off of the stack must be non-negative.
+
+**\_**
+
+: If this command *immediately* precedes a number (i.e., no spaces or other
+ commands), then that number is input as a negative number.
+
+ Otherwise, the top value on the stack is popped and copied, and the copy is
+ negated and pushed onto the stack. This behavior without a number is a
+ **non-portable extension**.
+
+**b**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack, and if it is zero, it is pushed back
+ onto the stack. Otherwise, its absolute value is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**|**
+
+: The top three values are popped off the stack, a modular exponentiation is
+ computed, and the result is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ The first value popped is used as the reduction modulus and must be an
+ integer and non-zero. The second value popped is used as the exponent and
+ must be an integer and non-negative. The third value popped is the base and
+ must be an integer.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+**\$**
+
+: The top value is popped off the stack and copied, and the copy is truncated
+ and pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\@**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the precision of the second
+ is set to the value of the first, whether by truncation or extension.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**H**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted left
+ (radix shifted right) to the value of the first.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**h**
+
+: The top two values are popped off the stack, and the second is shifted right
+ (radix shifted left) to the value of the first.
+
+ The first value popped off of the stack must be an integer and non-negative.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+{{ end }}
+
+**G**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if they are equal, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**N**
+
+: The top value is popped off of the stack, and if it a **0**, a **1** is
+ pushed; otherwise, a **0** is pushed.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**(**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**{**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is less than or equal to the second, or **0**
+ otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**)**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than the second, or **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**}**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack, they are compared, and a
+ **1** is pushed if the first is greater than or equal to the second, or
+ **0** otherwise.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**M**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If they are both non-zero, a
+ **1** is pushed onto the stack. If either of them is zero, or both of them
+ are, then a **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **&&** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**m**
+
+: The top two values are popped off of the stack. If at least one of them is
+ non-zero, a **1** is pushed onto the stack. If both of them are zero, then a
+ **0** is pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is like the **||** operator in bc(1), and it is *not* a short-circuit
+ operator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+## Pseudo-Random Number Generator
+
+dc(1) has a built-in pseudo-random number generator. These commands query the
+pseudo-random number generator. (See Parameters for more information about the
+**seed** value that controls the pseudo-random number generator.)
+
+The pseudo-random number generator is guaranteed to **NOT** be
+cryptographically secure.
+
+**'**
+
+: Generates an integer between 0 and **DC_RAND_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section).
+
+ The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+ limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**"**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack, which is used as an **exclusive** upper bound
+ on the integer that will be generated. If the bound is negative or is a
+ non-integer, an error is raised, and dc(1) resets (see the **RESET**
+ section) while **seed** remains unchanged. If the bound is larger than
+ **DC_RAND_MAX**, the higher bound is honored by generating several
+ pseudo-random integers, multiplying them by appropriate powers of
+ **DC_RAND_MAX+1**, and adding them together. Thus, the size of integer that
+ can be generated with this command is unbounded. Using this command will
+ change the value of **seed**, unless the operand is **0** or **1**. In that
+ case, **0** is pushed onto the stack, and **seed** is *not* changed.
+
+ The generated integer is made as unbiased as possible, subject to the
+ limitations of the pseudo-random number generator.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+{{ end }}
+
+## Stack Control
+
+These commands control the stack.
+
+**c**
+
+: Removes all items from ("clears") the stack.
+
+**d**
+
+: Copies the item on top of the stack ("duplicates") and pushes the copy onto
+ the stack.
+
+**r**
+
+: Swaps ("reverses") the two top items on the stack.
+
+**R**
+
+: Pops ("removes") the top value from the stack.
+
+## Register Control
+
+These commands control registers (see the **REGISTERS** section).
+
+**s***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack and stores it into register *r*.
+
+**l***r*
+
+: Copies the value in register *r* and pushes it onto the stack. This does not
+ alter the contents of *r*.
+
+**S***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the (main) stack and pushes it onto the stack
+ of register *r*. The previous value of the register becomes inaccessible.
+
+**L***r*
+
+: Pops the value off the top of the stack for register *r* and push it onto
+ the main stack. The previous value in the stack for register *r*, if any, is
+ now accessible via the **l***r* command.
+
+## Parameters
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+These commands control the values of **ibase**, **obase**, **scale**, and
+**seed**. Also see the **SYNTAX** section.
+{{ end }}
+{{ E EH EN EP EHN EHP ENP EHNP }}
+These commands control the values of **ibase**, **obase**, and **scale**. Also
+see the **SYNTAX** section.
+{{ end }}
+
+**i**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **ibase**,
+ which must be between **2** and **16**, inclusive.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**o**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **obase**,
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+ which must be between **0** and **DC_BASE_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section and the **NUMBERS** section).
+{{ end }}
+{{ E EH EN EP EHN EHP ENP EHNP }}
+ which must be between **2** and **DC_BASE_MAX**, inclusive (see the
+ **LIMITS** section).
+{{ end }}
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+**k**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **scale**,
+ which must be non-negative.
+
+ If the value on top of the stack has any *scale*, the *scale* is ignored.
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+**j**
+
+: Pops the value off of the top of the stack and uses it to set **seed**. The
+ meaning of **seed** is dependent on the current pseudo-random number
+ generator but is guaranteed to not change except for new major versions.
+
+ The *scale* and sign of the value may be significant.
+
+ If a previously used **seed** value is used again, the pseudo-random number
+ generator is guaranteed to produce the same sequence of pseudo-random
+ numbers as it did when the **seed** value was previously used.
+
+ The exact value assigned to **seed** is not guaranteed to be returned if the
+ **J** command is used. However, if **seed** *does* return a different value,
+ both values, when assigned to **seed**, are guaranteed to produce the same
+ sequence of pseudo-random numbers. This means that certain values assigned
+ to **seed** will not produce unique sequences of pseudo-random numbers.
+
+ There is no limit to the length (number of significant decimal digits) or
+ *scale* of the value that can be assigned to **seed**.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+{{ end }}
+
+**I**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+**O**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+**K**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+**J**
+
+: Pushes the current value of **seed** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+{{ end }}
+
+**T**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **ibase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**U**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **obase** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**V**
+
+: Pushes the maximum allowable value of **scale** onto the main stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+**W**
+
+: Pushes the maximum (inclusive) integer that can be generated with the **'**
+ pseudo-random number generator command.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+{{ end }}
+
+## Strings
+
+The following commands control strings.
+
+dc(1) can work with both numbers and strings, and registers (see the
+**REGISTERS** section) can hold both strings and numbers. dc(1) always knows
+whether the contents of a register are a string or a number.
+
+While arithmetic operations have to have numbers, and will print an error if
+given a string, other commands accept strings.
+
+Strings can also be executed as macros. For example, if the string **[1pR]** is
+executed as a macro, then the code **1pR** is executed, meaning that the **1**
+will be printed with a newline after and then popped from the stack.
+
+**\[**_characters_**\]**
+
+: Makes a string containing *characters* and pushes it onto the stack.
+
+ If there are brackets (**\[** and **\]**) in the string, then they must be
+ balanced. Unbalanced brackets can be escaped using a backslash (**\\**)
+ character.
+
+ If there is a backslash character in the string, the character after it
+ (even another backslash) is put into the string verbatim, but the (first)
+ backslash is not.
+
+**a**
+
+: The value on top of the stack is popped.
+
+ If it is a number, it is truncated and its absolute value is taken. The
+ result mod **UCHAR_MAX+1** is calculated. If that result is **0**, push an
+ empty string; otherwise, push a one-character string where the character is
+ the result of the mod interpreted as an ASCII character.
+
+ If it is a string, then a new string is made. If the original string is
+ empty, the new string is empty. If it is not, then the first character of
+ the original string is used to create the new string as a one-character
+ string. The new string is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**x**
+
+: Pops a value off of the top of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, it is pushed back onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, it is executed as a macro.
+
+ This behavior is the norm whenever a macro is executed, whether by this
+ command or by the conditional execution commands below.
+
+**\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is greater than the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ For example, **0 1>a** will execute the contents of register **a**, and
+ **1 0>a** will not.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\>***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not greater than the second (less than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\>***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is less than the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!\<***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not less than the second (greater than or equal to), then
+ the contents of register *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!\<***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is equal to the second, then the contents of register *r*
+ are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**!=***r*
+
+: Pops two values off of the stack that must be numbers and compares them. If
+ the first value is not equal to the second, then the contents of register
+ *r* are executed.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+**!=***r***e***s*
+
+: Like the above, but will execute register *s* if the comparison fails.
+
+ If either or both of the values are not numbers, dc(1) will raise an error
+ and reset (see the **RESET** section).
+
+ This is a **non-portable extension**.
+
+**?**
+
+: Reads a line from the **stdin** and executes it. This is to allow macros to
+ request input from users.
+
+**q**
+
+: During execution of a macro, this exits the execution of that macro and the
+ execution of the macro that executed it. If there are no macros, or only one
+ macro executing, dc(1) exits.
+
+**Q**
+
+: Pops a value from the stack which must be non-negative and is used the
+ number of macro executions to pop off of the execution stack. If the number
+ of levels to pop is greater than the number of executing macros, dc(1)
+ exits.
+
+## Status
+
+These commands query status of the stack or its top value.
+
+**Z**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, calculates the number of significant decimal digits it
+ has and pushes the result.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes the number of characters the string has.
+
+**X**
+
+: Pops a value off of the stack.
+
+ If it is a number, pushes the *scale* of the value onto the stack.
+
+ If it is a string, pushes **0**.
+
+**z**
+
+: Pushes the current stack depth (before execution of this command).
+
+## Arrays
+
+These commands manipulate arrays.
+
+**:***r*
+
+: Pops the top two values off of the stack. The second value will be stored in
+ the array *r* (see the **REGISTERS** section), indexed by the first value.
+
+**;***r*
+
+: Pops the value on top of the stack and uses it as an index into the array
+ *r*. The selected value is then pushed onto the stack.
+
+# REGISTERS
+
+Registers are names that can store strings, numbers, and arrays. (Number/string
+registers do not interfere with array registers.)
+
+Each register is also its own stack, so the current register value is the top of
+the stack for the register. All registers, when first referenced, have one value
+(**0**) in their stack.
+
+In non-extended register mode, a register name is just the single character that
+follows any command that needs a register name. The only exception is a newline
+(**'\\n'**); it is a parse error for a newline to be used as a register name.
+
+## Extended Register Mode
+
+Unlike most other dc(1) implentations, this dc(1) provides nearly unlimited
+amounts of registers, if extended register mode is enabled.
+
+If extended register mode is enabled (**-x** or **--extended-register**
+command-line arguments are given), then normal single character registers are
+used *unless* the character immediately following a command that needs a
+register name is a space (according to **isspace()**) and not a newline
+(**'\\n'**).
+
+In that case, the register name is found according to the regex
+**\[a-z\]\[a-z0-9\_\]\*** (like bc(1) identifiers), and it is a parse error if
+the next non-space characters do not match that regex.
+
+# RESET
+
+When dc(1) encounters an error or a signal that it has a non-default handler
+for, it resets. This means that several things happen.
+
+First, any macros that are executing are stopped and popped off the stack.
+The behavior is not unlike that of exceptions in programming languages. Then
+the execution point is set so that any code waiting to execute (after all
+macros returned) is skipped.
+
+Thus, when dc(1) resets, it skips any remaining code waiting to be executed.
+Then, if it is interactive mode, and the error was not a fatal error (see the
+**EXIT STATUS** section), it asks for more input; otherwise, it exits with the
+appropriate return code.
+
+# PERFORMANCE
+
+Most dc(1) implementations use **char** types to calculate the value of **1**
+decimal digit at a time, but that can be slow. This dc(1) does something
+different.
+
+It uses large integers to calculate more than **1** decimal digit at a time. If
+built in a environment where **DC_LONG_BIT** (see the **LIMITS** section) is
+**64**, then each integer has **9** decimal digits. If built in an environment
+where **DC_LONG_BIT** is **32** then each integer has **4** decimal digits. This
+value (the number of decimal digits per large integer) is called
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+In addition, this dc(1) uses an even larger integer for overflow checking. This
+integer type depends on the value of **DC_LONG_BIT**, but is always at least
+twice as large as the integer type used to store digits.
+
+# LIMITS
+
+The following are the limits on dc(1):
+
+**DC_LONG_BIT**
+
+: The number of bits in the **long** type in the environment where dc(1) was
+ built. This determines how many decimal digits can be stored in a single
+ large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE** section).
+
+**DC_BASE_DIGS**
+
+: The number of decimal digits per large integer (see the **PERFORMANCE**
+ section). Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_POW**
+
+: The max decimal number that each large integer can store (see
+ **DC_BASE_DIGS**) plus **1**. Depends on **DC_BASE_DIGS**.
+
+**DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**
+
+: The max number that the overflow type (see the **PERFORMANCE** section) can
+ hold. Depends on **DC_LONG_BIT**.
+
+**DC_BASE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum output base. Set at **DC_BASE_POW**.
+
+**DC_DIM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum size of arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_SCALE_MAX**
+
+: The maximum **scale**. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_STRING_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of strings. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NAME_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of identifiers. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+**DC_NUM_MAX**
+
+: The maximum length of a number (in decimal digits), which includes digits
+ after the decimal point. Set at **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX-1**.
+
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+**DC_RAND_MAX**
+
+: The maximum integer (inclusive) returned by the **'** command, if dc(1). Set
+ at **2\^DC_LONG_BIT-1**.
+{{ end }}
+
+Exponent
+
+: The maximum allowable exponent (positive or negative). Set at
+ **DC_OVERFLOW_MAX**.
+
+Number of vars
+
+: The maximum number of vars/arrays. Set at **SIZE_MAX-1**.
+
+These limits are meant to be effectively non-existent; the limits are so large
+(at least on 64-bit machines) that there should not be any point at which they
+become a problem. In fact, memory should be exhausted before these limits should
+be hit.
+
+# ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+dc(1) recognizes the following environment variables:
+
+**DC_ENV_ARGS**
+
+: This is another way to give command-line arguments to dc(1). They should be
+ in the same format as all other command-line arguments. These are always
+ processed first, so any files given in **DC_ENV_ARGS** will be processed
+ before arguments and files given on the command-line. This gives the user
+ the ability to set up "standard" options and files to be used at every
+ invocation. The most useful thing for such files to contain would be useful
+ functions that the user might want every time dc(1) runs. Another use would
+ be to use the **-e** option to set **scale** to a value other than **0**.
+
+ The code that parses **DC_ENV_ARGS** will correctly handle quoted arguments,
+ but it does not understand escape sequences. For example, the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some dc file.dc"** will be correctly parsed, but the string
+ **"/home/gavin/some \"dc\" file.dc"** will include the backslashes.
+
+ The quote parsing will handle either kind of quotes, **'** or **"**. Thus,
+ if you have a file with any number of single quotes in the name, you can use
+ double quotes as the outside quotes, as in **"some 'bc' file.bc"**, and vice
+ versa if you have a file with double quotes. However, handling a file with
+ both kinds of quotes in **DC_ENV_ARGS** is not supported due to the
+ complexity of the parsing, though such files are still supported on the
+ command-line where the parsing is done by the shell.
+
+**DC_LINE_LENGTH**
+
+: If this environment variable exists and contains an integer that is greater
+ than **1** and is less than **UINT16_MAX** (**2\^16-1**), dc(1) will output
+ lines to that length, including the backslash newline combo. The default
+ line length is **70**.
+
+**DC_EXPR_EXIT**
+
+: If this variable exists (no matter the contents), dc(1) will exit
+ immediately after executing expressions and files given by the **-e** and/or
+ **-f** command-line options (and any equivalents).
+
+# EXIT STATUS
+
+dc(1) returns the following exit statuses:
+
+**0**
+
+: No error.
+
+**1**
+
+: A math error occurred. This follows standard practice of using **1** for
+ expected errors, since math errors will happen in the process of normal
+ execution.
+
+ Math errors include divide by **0**, taking the square root of a negative
+{{ A H N P HN HP NP HNP }}
+ number, using a negative number as a bound for the pseudo-random number
+ generator, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**), places (**\@**), left shift (**H**), and right shift (**h**)
+ operators.
+{{ end }}
+{{ E EH EN EP EHN EHP ENP EHNP }}
+ number, attempting to convert a negative number to a hardware integer,
+ overflow when converting a number to a hardware integer, and attempting to
+ use a non-integer where an integer is required.
+
+ Converting to a hardware integer happens for the second operand of the power
+ (**\^**) operator.
+{{ end }}
+
+**2**
+
+: A parse error occurred.
+
+ Parse errors include unexpected **EOF**, using an invalid character, failing
+ to find the end of a string or comment, and using a token where it is
+ invalid.
+
+**3**
+
+: A runtime error occurred.
+
+ Runtime errors include assigning an invalid number to **ibase**, **obase**,
+ or **scale**; give a bad expression to a **read()** call, calling **read()**
+ inside of a **read()** call, type errors, and attempting an operation when
+ the stack has too few elements.
+
+**4**
+
+: A fatal error occurred.
+
+ Fatal errors include memory allocation errors, I/O errors, failing to open
+ files, attempting to use files that do not have only ASCII characters (dc(1)
+ only accepts ASCII characters), attempting to open a directory as a file,
+ and giving invalid command-line options.
+
+The exit status **4** is special; when a fatal error occurs, dc(1) always exits
+and returns **4**, no matter what mode dc(1) is in.
+
+The other statuses will only be returned when dc(1) is not in interactive mode
+(see the **INTERACTIVE MODE** section), since dc(1) resets its state (see the
+**RESET** section) and accepts more input when one of those errors occurs in
+interactive mode. This is also the case when interactive mode is forced by the
+**-i** flag or **--interactive** option.
+
+These exit statuses allow dc(1) to be used in shell scripting with error
+checking, and its normal behavior can be forced by using the **-i** flag or
+**--interactive** option.
+
+# INTERACTIVE MODE
+
+Like bc(1), dc(1) has an interactive mode and a non-interactive mode.
+Interactive mode is turned on automatically when both **stdin** and **stdout**
+are hooked to a terminal, but the **-i** flag and **--interactive** option can
+turn it on in other cases.
+
+In interactive mode, dc(1) attempts to recover from errors (see the **RESET**
+section), and in normal execution, flushes **stdout** as soon as execution is
+done for the current input.
+
+# TTY MODE
+
+If **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr** are all connected to a TTY, dc(1) turns
+on "TTY mode."
+
+{{ A E N P EN EP NP ENP }}
+TTY mode is required for history to be enabled (see the **COMMAND LINE HISTORY**
+section). It is also required to enable special handling for **SIGINT** signals.
+{{ end }}
+
+{{ A E H N EH EN HN EHN }}
+The prompt is enabled in TTY mode.
+{{ end }}
+
+TTY mode is different from interactive mode because interactive mode is required
+in the [bc(1) specification][1], and interactive mode requires only **stdin**
+and **stdout** to be connected to a terminal.
+
+# SIGNAL HANDLING
+
+Sending a **SIGINT** will cause dc(1) to stop execution of the current input. If
+dc(1) is in TTY mode (see the **TTY MODE** section), it will reset (see the
+**RESET** section). Otherwise, it will clean up and exit.
+
+Note that "current input" can mean one of two things. If dc(1) is processing
+input from **stdin** in TTY mode, it will ask for more input. If dc(1) is
+processing input from a file in TTY mode, it will stop processing the file and
+start processing the next file, if one exists, or ask for input from **stdin**
+if no other file exists.
+
+This means that if a **SIGINT** is sent to dc(1) as it is executing a file, it
+can seem as though dc(1) did not respond to the signal since it will immediately
+start executing the next file. This is by design; most files that users execute
+when interacting with dc(1) have function definitions, which are quick to parse.
+If a file takes a long time to execute, there may be a bug in that file. The
+rest of the files could still be executed without problem, allowing the user to
+continue.
+
+**SIGTERM** and **SIGQUIT** cause dc(1) to clean up and exit, and it uses the
+{{ A E N P EN EP NP ENP }}
+default handler for all other signals. The one exception is **SIGHUP**; in that
+case, when dc(1) is in TTY mode, a **SIGHUP** will cause dc(1) to clean up and
+exit.
+{{ end }}
+{{ H EH HN HP EHN EHP HNP EHNP }}
+default handler for all other signals.
+{{ end }}
+
+{{ A E N P EN EP NP ENP }}
+# COMMAND LINE HISTORY
+
+dc(1) supports interactive command-line editing. If dc(1) is in TTY mode (see
+the **TTY MODE** section), history is enabled. Previous lines can be recalled
+and edited with the arrow keys.
+
+**Note**: tabs are converted to 8 spaces.
+{{ end }}
+
+{{ A E H P EH EP HP EHP }}
+# LOCALES
+
+This dc(1) ships with support for adding error messages for different locales
+and thus, supports **LC_MESSAGS**.
+{{ end }}
+
+# SEE ALSO
+
+bc(1)
+
+# STANDARDS
+
+The dc(1) utility operators are compliant with the operators in the bc(1)
+[IEEE Std 1003.1-2017 (“POSIX.1-2017”)][1] specification.
+
+# BUGS
+
+None are known. Report bugs at https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc.
+
+# AUTHOR
+
+Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com> and contributors.
+
+[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals/dc.1.md.in
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals/build.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals/build.md (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals/build.md (revision 362987)
@@ -1,672 +1,671 @@
# Build
This `bc` attempts to be as portable as possible. It can be built on any
POSIX-compliant system.
To accomplish that, a POSIX-compatible, custom `configure.sh` script is used to
select build options, compiler, and compiler flags and generate a `Makefile`.
The general form of configuring, building, and installing this `bc` is as
follows:
```
[ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE=<value>...] ./configure.sh [build_options...]
make
make install
```
To get all of the options, including any useful environment variables, use
either one of the following commands:
```
./configure.sh -h
./configure.sh --help
```
***WARNING***: even though `configure.sh` supports both option types, short and
long, it does not support handling both at the same time. Use only one type.
To learn the available `make` targets run the following command after running
the `configure.sh` script:
```
make help
```
See [Build Environment Variables][4] for a more detailed description of all
accepted environment variables and [Build Options][5] for more detail about all
accepted build options.
<a name="cross-compiling"/>
## Cross Compiling
To cross-compile this `bc`, an appropriate compiler must be present and assigned
to the environment variable `HOSTCC` or `HOST_CC` (the two are equivalent,
though `HOSTCC` is prioritized). This is in order to bootstrap core file(s), if
the architectures are not compatible (i.e., unlike i686 on x86_64). Thus, the
approach is:
```
HOSTCC="/path/to/native/compiler" ./configure.sh
make
make install
```
`HOST_CC` will work in exactly the same way.
`HOSTCFLAGS` and `HOST_CFLAGS` can be used to set compiler flags for `HOSTCC`.
(The two are equivalent, as `HOSTCC` and `HOST_CC` are.) `HOSTCFLAGS` is
prioritized over `HOST_CFLAGS`. If neither are present, `HOSTCC` (or `HOST_CC`)
uses `CFLAGS` (see [Build Environment Variables][4] for more details).
It is expected that `CC` produces code for the target system and `HOSTCC`
produces code for the host system. See [Build Environment Variables][4] for more
details.
If an emulator is necessary to run the bootstrap binaries, it can be set with
the environment variable `GEN_EMU`.
<a name="build-environment-variables"/>
## Build Environment Variables
This `bc` supports `CC`, `HOSTCC`, `HOST_CC`, `CFLAGS`, `HOSTCFLAGS`,
`HOST_CFLAGS`, `CPPFLAGS`, `LDFLAGS`, `LDLIBS`, `PREFIX`, `DESTDIR`, `BINDIR`,
`DATAROOTDIR`, `DATADIR`, `MANDIR`, `MAN1DIR`, `LOCALEDIR` `EXECSUFFIX`,
`EXECPREFIX`, `LONG_BIT`, `GEN_HOST`, and `GEN_EMU` environment variables in
`configure.sh`. Any values of those variables given to `configure.sh` will be
put into the generated Makefile.
More detail on what those environment variables do can be found in the following
sections.
### `CC`
C compiler for the target system. `CC` must be compatible with POSIX `c99`
behavior and options. However, **I encourage users to use any C99 or C11
compatible compiler they wish.**
If there is a space in the basename of the compiler, the items after the first
space are assumed to be compiler flags, and in that case, the flags are
automatically moved into CFLAGS.
Defaults to `c99`.
### `HOSTCC` or `HOST_CC`
C compiler for the host system, used only in [cross compiling][6]. Must be
compatible with POSIX `c99` behavior and options.
If there is a space in the basename of the compiler, the items after the first
space are assumed to be compiler flags, and in that case, the flags are
automatically moved into HOSTCFLAGS.
Defaults to `$CC`.
### `CFLAGS`
Command-line flags that will be passed verbatim to `CC`.
Defaults to empty.
### `HOSTCFLAGS` or `HOST_CFLAGS`
Command-line flags that will be passed verbatim to `HOSTCC` or `HOST_CC`.
Defaults to `$CFLAGS`.
### `CPPFLAGS`
Command-line flags for the C preprocessor. These are also passed verbatim to
both compilers (`CC` and `HOSTCC`); they are supported just for legacy reasons.
Defaults to empty.
### `LDFLAGS`
Command-line flags for the linker. These are also passed verbatim to both
compilers (`CC` and `HOSTCC`); they are supported just for legacy reasons.
Defaults to empty.
### `LDLIBS`
Libraries to link to. These are also passed verbatim to both compilers (`CC` and
`HOSTCC`); they are supported just for legacy reasons and for cross compiling
with different C standard libraries (like [musl][3]).
Defaults to empty.
### `PREFIX`
The prefix to install to.
Can be overridden by passing the `--prefix` option to `configure.sh`.
Defaults to `/usr/local`.
### `DESTDIR`
Path to prepend onto `PREFIX`. This is mostly for distro and package
maintainers.
This can be passed either to `configure.sh` or `make install`. If it is passed
to both, the one given to `configure.sh` takes precedence.
Defaults to empty.
### `BINDIR`
The directory to install binaries in.
Can be overridden by passing the `--bindir` option to `configure.sh`.
Defaults to `$PREFIX/bin`.
### `DATAROOTDIR`
The root directory to install data files in.
Can be overridden by passing the `--datarootdir` option to `configure.sh`.
Defaults to `$PREFIX/share`.
### `DATADIR`
The directory to install data files in.
Can be overridden by passing the `--datadir` option to `configure.sh`.
Defaults to `$DATAROOTDIR`.
### `MANDIR`
The directory to install manpages in.
Can be overridden by passing the `--mandir` option to `configure.sh`.
Defaults to `$DATADIR/man`
### `MAN1DIR`
The directory to install Section 1 manpages in. Because both `bc` and `dc` are
Section 1 commands, this is the only relevant section directory.
Can be overridden by passing the `--man1dir` option to `configure.sh`.
Defaults to `$MANDIR/man1`.
### `LOCALEDIR`
The directory to install locales in.
Can be overridden by passing the `--localedir` option to `configure.sh`.
Defaults to `$DATAROOTDIR/locale`.
### `EXECSUFFIX`
The suffix to append onto the executable names *when installing*. This is for
packagers and distro maintainers who want this `bc` as an option, but do not
want to replace the default `bc`.
Defaults to empty.
### `EXECPREFIX`
The prefix to append onto the executable names *when building and installing*.
This is for packagers and distro maintainers who want this `bc` as an option,
but do not want to replace the default `bc`.
Defaults to empty.
### `LONG_BIT`
The number of bits in a C `long` type. This is mostly for the embedded space.
This `bc` uses `long`s internally for overflow checking. In C99, a `long` is
required to be 32 bits. For this reason, on 8-bit and 16-bit microcontrollers,
the generated code to do math with `long` types may be inefficient.
For most normal desktop systems, setting this is unnecessary, except that 32-bit
platforms with 64-bit longs may want to set it to `32`.
Defaults to the default value of `LONG_BIT` for the target platform. For
compliance with the `bc` spec, the minimum allowed value is `32`.
It is an error if the specified value is greater than the default value of
`LONG_BIT` for the target platform.
### `GEN_HOST`
Whether to use `gen/strgen.c`, instead of `gen/strgen.sh`, to produce the C
files that contain the help texts as well as the math libraries. By default,
`gen/strgen.c` is used, compiled by `$HOSTCC` and run on the host machine. Using
`gen/strgen.sh` removes the need to compile and run an executable on the host
machine since `gen/strgen.sh` is a POSIX shell script. However, `gen/lib2.bc` is
perilously close to 4095 characters, the max supported length of a string
literal in C99 (and it could be added to in the future), and `gen/strgen.sh`
generates a string literal instead of an array, as `gen/strgen.c` does. For most
production-ready compilers, this limit probably is not enforced, but it could
be. Both options are still available for this reason.
If you are sure your compiler does not have the limit and do not want to compile
and run a binary on the host machine, set this variable to "0". Any other value,
or a non-existent value, will cause the build system to compile and run
`gen/strgen.c`.
Default is "".
### `GEN_EMU`
The emulator to run bootstrap binaries under. This is only if the binaries
produced by `HOSTCC` (or `HOST_CC`) need to be run under an emulator to work.
Defaults to empty.
<a name="build-options"/>
## Build Options
This `bc` comes with several build options, all of which are enabled by default.
All options can be used with each other, with a few exceptions that will be
noted below.
**NOTE**: All long options with mandatory argumenst accept either one of the
following forms:
```
--option arg
--option=arg
```
### `bc` Only
To build `bc` only (no `dc`), use any one of the following commands for the
configure step:
```
./configure.sh -b
./configure.sh --bc-only
./configure.sh -D
./configure.sh --disable-dc
```
Those commands are all equivalent.
***Warning***: It is an error to use those options if `bc` has also been
disabled (see below).
### `dc` Only
To build `dc` only (no `bc`), use either one of the following commands for the
configure step:
```
./configure.sh -d
./configure.sh --dc-only
./configure.sh -B
./configure.sh --disable-bc
```
Those commands are all equivalent.
***Warning***: It is an error to use those options if `dc` has also been
disabled (see above).
<a name="build-history"/>
### History
To disable signal handling, pass either the `-H` flag or the `--disable-history`
option to `configure.sh`, as follows:
```
./configure.sh -H
./configure.sh --disable-history
```
Both commands are equivalent.
History is automatically disabled when building for Windows or on another
platform that does not support the terminal handling that is required.
***WARNING***: Of all of the code in the `bc`, this is the only code that is not
completely portable. If the `bc` does not work on your platform, your first step
should be to retry with history disabled.
### NLS (Locale Support)
To disable locale support (use only English), pass either the `-N` flag or the
`--disable-nls` option to `configure.sh`, as follows:
```
./configure.sh -N
./configure.sh --disable-nls
```
Both commands are equivalent.
NLS (locale support) is automatically disabled when building for Windows or on
another platform that does not support the POSIX locale API or utilities.
### Prompt
By default, `bc` and `dc` print a prompt when in interactive mode. They both
have the command-line option `-P`/`--no-prompt`, which turns that off, but it
can be disabled permanently in the build by passing the `-P` flag or the
`--disable-prompt` option to `configure.sh`, as follows:
```
./configure.sh -P
./configure.sh --disable-prompt
```
Both commands are equivalent.
### Long Options
By default, `bc` and `dc` support long options like `--mathlib` and
`--interactive`. However, support for these options requires `getopt_long()`
which is not in the POSIX standard. For those platforms that do *not* have
`getopt_long()` it will be disabled automatically, or if you wish to disable
them regardless, you can pass the `-L` flag or the `--disable-long-options`
option to `configure.sh`, as follows:
```
./configure.sh -L
./configure.sh --disable-long-options
```
Both commands are equivalent.
### Extra Math
This `bc` has 7 extra operators:
* `$` (truncation to integer)
* `@` (set precision)
* `@=` (set precision and assign)
* `<<` (shift number left, shifts radix right)
* `<<=` (shift number left and assign)
* `>>` (shift number right, shifts radix left)
* `>>=` (shift number right and assign)
There is no assignment version of `$` because it is a unary operator.
The assignment versions of the above operators are not available in `dc`, but
the others are, as the operators `$`, `@`, `H`, and `h`, respectively.
In addition, this `bc` has the option of outputting in scientific notation or
engineering notation. It can also take input in scientific or engineering
notation. On top of that, it has a pseudo-random number generator. (See the
-[full manual](./bc.md) for more details.)
+full manual for more details.)
Extra operators, scientific notation, engineering notation, and the
pseudo-random number generator can be disabled by passing either the `-E` flag
or the `--disable-extra-math` option to `configure.sh`, as follows:
```
./configure.sh -E
./configure.sh --disable-extra-math
```
Both commands are equivalent.
This `bc` also has a larger library that is only enabled if extra operators and
the pseudo-random number generator are. More information about the functions can
-be found in the [Extended Library](./bc.md#extended-library) section of the
-[full manual](./bc.md).
+be found in the Extended Library section of the full manual.
### Manpages
To disable installing manpages, pass either the `-M` flag or the
`--disable-man-pages` option to `configure.sh` as follows:
```
./configure.sh -M
./configure.sh --disable-man-pages
```
Both commands are equivalent.
### Karatsuba Length
The Karatsuba length is the point at which `bc` and `dc` switch from Karatsuba
multiplication to brute force, `O(n^2)` multiplication. It can be set by passing
the `-k` flag or the `--karatsuba-len` option to `configure.sh` as follows:
```
./configure.sh -k64
./configure.sh --karatsuba-len 64
```
Both commands are equivalent.
Default is `64`.
***WARNING***: The Karatsuba Length must be a **integer** greater than or equal
to `16` (to prevent stack overflow). If it is not, `configure.sh` will give an
error.
### Install Options
The relevant `autotools`-style install options are supported in `configure.sh`:
* `--prefix`
* `--bindir`
* `--datarootdir`
* `--datadir`
* `--mandir`
* `--man1dir`
* `--localedir`
An example is:
```
./configure.sh --prefix=/usr --localedir /usr/share/nls
make
make install
```
They correspond to the environment variables `$PREFIX`, `$BINDIR`,
`$DATAROOTDIR`, `$DATADIR`, `$MANDIR`, `$MAN1DIR`, and `$LOCALEDIR`,
respectively.
***WARNING***: If the option is given, the value of the corresponding
environment variable is overridden.
***WARNING***: If any long command-line options are used, the long form of all
other command-line options must be used. Mixing long and short options is not
supported.
## Optimization
The `configure.sh` script will accept an optimization level to pass to the
compiler. Because `bc` is orders of magnitude faster with optimization, I
***highly*** recommend package and distro maintainers pass the highest
optimization level available in `CC` to `configure.sh` with the `-O` flag or
`--opt` option, as follows:
```
./configure.sh -O3
./configure.sh --opt 3
```
Both commands are equivalent.
The build and install can then be run as normal:
```
make
make install
```
As usual, `configure.sh` will also accept additional `CFLAGS` on the command
line, so for SSE4 architectures, the following can add a bit more speed:
```
CFLAGS="-march=native -msse4" ./configure.sh -O3
make
make install
```
Building with link-time optimization (`-flto` in clang) can further increase the
performance. I ***highly*** recommend doing so.
I do **NOT*** recommend building with `-march=native`; doing so reduces this
`bc`'s performance.
Manual stripping is not necessary; non-debug builds are automatically stripped
in the link stage.
## Debug Builds
Debug builds (which also disable optimization if no optimization level is given
and if no extra `CFLAGS` are given) can be enabled with either the `-g` flag or
the `--debug` option, as follows:
```
./configure.sh -g
./configure.sh --debug
```
Both commands are equivalent.
The build and install can then be run as normal:
```
make
make install
```
## Stripping Binaries
By default, when `bc` and `dc` are not built in debug mode, the binaries are
stripped. Stripping can be disabled with either the `-T` or the
`--disable-strip` option, as follows:
```
./configure.sh -T
./configure.sh --disable-strip
```
Both commands are equivalent.
The build and install can then be run as normal:
```
make
make install
```
## Binary Size
When built with both calculators, all available features, and `-Os` using
`clang` and `musl`, the executable is 140.4 kb (140,386 bytes) on `x86_64`. That
isn't much for what is contained in the binary, but if necessary, it can be
reduced.
The single largest user of space is the `bc` calculator. If just `dc` is needed,
the size can be reduced to 107.6 kb (107,584 bytes).
The next largest user of space is history support. If that is not needed, size
can be reduced (for a build with both calculators) to 119.9 kb (119,866 bytes).
There are several reasons that history is a bigger user of space than `dc`
itself:
* `dc`'s lexer and parser are *tiny* compared to `bc`'s because `dc` code is
almost already in the form that it is executed in, while `bc` has to not only
adjust the form to be executable, it has to parse functions, loops, `if`
statements, and other extra features.
* `dc` does not have much extra code in the interpreter.
* History has a lot of const data for supporting `UTF-8` terminals.
* History pulls in a bunch of more code from the `libc`.
The next biggest user is extra math support. Without it, the size is reduced to
124.0 kb (123,986 bytes) with history and 107.6 kb (107,560 bytes) without
history.
The reasons why extra math support is bigger than `dc`, besides the fact that
`dc` is small already, are:
* Extra math supports adds an extra math library that takes several kilobytes of
constant data space.
* Extra math support includes support for a pseudo-random number generator,
including the code to convert a series of pseudo-random numbers into a number
of arbitrary size.
* Extra math support adds several operators.
The next biggest user is `dc`, so if just `bc` is needed, the size can be
reduced to 128.1 kb (128,096 bytes) with history and extra math support, 107.6
kb (107,576 bytes) without history and with extra math support, and 95.3 kb
(95,272 bytes) without history and without extra math support.
*Note*: all of these binary sizes were compiled using `musl` `1.2.0` as the
`libc`, making a fully static executable, with `clang` `9.0.1` (well,
`musl-clang` using `clang` `9.0.1`) as the compiler and using `-Os`
optimizations. These builds were done on an `x86_64` machine running Gentoo
Linux.
## Testing
The default test suite can be run with the following command:
```
make test
```
To test `bc` only, run the following command:
```
make test_bc
```
To test `dc` only, run the following command:
```
make test_dc
```
This `bc`, if built, assumes a working, GNU-compatible `bc`, installed on the
system and in the `PATH`, to generate some tests, unless the `-G` flag or
`--disable-generated-tests` option is given to `configure.sh`, as follows:
```
./configure.sh -G
./configure.sh --disable-generated-tests
```
After running `configure.sh`, build and run tests as follows:
```
make
make test
```
This `dc` also assumes a working, GNU-compatible `dc`, installed on the system
and in the `PATH`, to generate some tests, unless one of the above options is
given to `configure.sh`.
To generate test coverage, pass the `-c` flag or the `--coverage` option to
`configure.sh` as follows:
```
./configure.sh -c
./configure.sh --coverage
```
Both commands are equivalent.
***WARNING***: Both `bc` and `dc` must be built for test coverage. Otherwise,
`configure.sh` will give an error.
[1]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
[2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
[3]: https://www.musl-libc.org/
[4]: #build-environment-variables
[5]: #build-options
[6]: #cross-compiling
Index: head/contrib/bc/manuals
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manuals (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manuals (revision 362987)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manuals
___________________________________________________________________
Modified: svn:ignore
## -1,23 +1,58 ##
-*.sh
-*.yml
-*.py
+*.config
+*.creator
+*.files
+*.includes
+*.creator.user*
+*.cflags
+*.cxxflags
+bin/*bc
+bin/*bc.exe
+bin/*dc
+bin/*dc.exe
+bc.old
+*.o
+*.a
+.log_*.txt
+.test.txt
+.math.txt
+.results.txt
+.ops.txt
+gen/strgen
+lib.c
+lib2.c
+lib3.c
+bc_help.c
+dc_help.c
+config.mak
+timeconst.bc
+Makefile
+
+.gdb_history
+
+# Ignore the generated test files
+parse.txt
+parse_results.txt
+print.txt
+print_results.txt
+bessel.txt
+bessel_results.txt
+prime.txt
+stream.txt
+tests/bc/scripts/add.txt
+tests/bc/scripts/divide.txt
+tests/bc/scripts/multiply.txt
+tests/bc/scripts/subtract.txt
+perf.data
+perf.data.old
+*.gcda
+*.gcno
+*.gcov
+*.html
+*.profraw
+
+cscope*.out
+tags
+
+header*.txt
.git
-.gitignore
-.svnignore
-*.utf8.msg
-Makefile
-tests
-de_AT.*
-de_CH.*
-en_AU.*
-en_CA.*
-en_GB.*
-en_IE.*
-en_NZ.*
-fr_BE.*
-fr_CA.*
-fr_CH.*
-*.ISO8859-15.msg
-en_US.ISO8859-1.msg
-en_US.US-ASCII.msg
-en_US.US_ASCII.msg
+
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/afl.py
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/afl.py (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/afl.py (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#! /usr/bin/python3 -B
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+import os
+import sys
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+
+def usage():
+ print("usage: {} [--asan] dir [results_dir [exe options...]]".format(script))
+ sys.exit(1)
+
+def check_crash(exebase, out, error, file, type, test):
+ if error < 0:
+ print("\n{} crashed ({}) on {}:\n".format(exebase, -error, type))
+ print(" {}".format(test))
+ print("\nCopying to \"{}\"".format(out))
+ shutil.copy2(file, out)
+ print("\nexiting...")
+ sys.exit(error)
+
+def run_test(cmd, exebase, tout, indata, out, file, type, test, environ=None):
+ try:
+ p = subprocess.run(cmd, timeout=tout, input=indata, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+ stderr=subprocess.PIPE, env=environ)
+ check_crash(exebase, out, p.returncode, file, type, test)
+ except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+ print("\n {} timed out. Continuing...\n".format(exebase))
+
+def create_test(file, tout, environ=None):
+
+ print(" {}".format(file))
+
+ base = os.path.basename(file)
+
+ if base == "README.txt":
+ return
+
+ with open(file, "rb") as f:
+ lines = f.readlines()
+
+ print(" Running whole file...")
+
+ run_test(exe + [ file ], exebase, tout, halt.encode(), out, file, "file", file, environ)
+
+ print(" Running file through stdin...")
+
+ with open(file, "rb") as f:
+ content = f.read()
+
+ run_test(exe, exebase, tout, content, out, file,
+ "running {} through stdin".format(file), file, environ)
+
+
+def get_children(dir, get_files):
+ dirs = []
+ with os.scandir(dir) as it:
+ for entry in it:
+ if not entry.name.startswith('.') and \
+ ((entry.is_dir() and not get_files) or \
+ (entry.is_file() and get_files)):
+ dirs.append(entry.name)
+ dirs.sort()
+ return dirs
+
+script = sys.argv[0]
+testdir = os.path.dirname(script)
+
+if __name__ != "__main__":
+ usage()
+
+timeout = 2.5
+
+if len(sys.argv) < 2:
+ usage()
+
+idx = 1
+
+exedir = sys.argv[idx]
+
+asan = (exedir == "--asan")
+
+if asan:
+ idx += 1
+ if len(sys.argv) < idx + 1:
+ usage()
+ exedir = sys.argv[idx]
+
+if len(sys.argv) >= idx + 2:
+ resultsdir = sys.argv[idx + 1]
+else:
+ if exedir == "bc":
+ resultsdir = testdir + "/../../results"
+ else:
+ resultsdir = testdir + "/../../results_dc"
+
+if len(sys.argv) >= idx + 3:
+ exe = sys.argv[idx + 2]
+else:
+ exe = testdir + "/../bin/" + exedir
+
+exebase = os.path.basename(exe)
+
+if exebase == "bc":
+ halt = "halt\n"
+ options = "-lq"
+else:
+ halt = "q\n"
+ options = "-x"
+
+if len(sys.argv) >= idx + 4:
+ exe = [ exe, sys.argv[idx + 3:], options ]
+else:
+ exe = [ exe, options ]
+for i in range(4, len(sys.argv)):
+ exe.append(sys.argv[i])
+
+out = testdir + "/../.test.txt"
+
+print(os.path.realpath(os.getcwd()))
+
+dirs = get_children(resultsdir, False)
+
+if asan:
+ env = os.environ.copy()
+ env['ASAN_OPTIONS'] = 'abort_on_error=1:allocator_may_return_null=1'
+
+for d in dirs:
+
+ d = resultsdir + "/" + d
+
+ print(d)
+
+ files = get_children(d + "/crashes/", True)
+
+ for file in files:
+ file = d + "/crashes/" + file
+ create_test(file, timeout)
+
+ if not asan:
+ continue
+
+ files = get_children(d + "/queue/", True)
+
+ for file in files:
+ file = d + "/queue/" + file
+ create_test(file, timeout * 2, env)
+
+print("Done")
+
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/afl.py
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/23.txt
===================================================================
Cannot display: file marked as a binary type.
svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/23.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+application/octet-stream
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/24.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/24.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/24.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+perm(10, 2)
+comb(10, 2)
+perm(6, 2)
+comb(6, ++i[])
+}
+
+define m(*x[], *y[]) {
+ r@turn x[0])
+z
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/24.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/01.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/01.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/01.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+a(s691027461l[ ba])
+scal[ ca]
+a
+a
+e
+cs
+c
+
+a
+s(scal[ ba])
+scal[ ca]
+u
+a
+e
+cs
+c
+
+a
+s(scal[ ba])
+scal[ ca]
+u
+a
+s
+c = l[ ca]
+a
+a
+sa
+e
+cs
+c
+
+a(s691027461l[ ba])
+scal[ ca]
+a
+a
+e
+cs
+c
+
+a
+s(scal[ ba])
+scal[ ca]
+a
+a
+s
+c = l[ ca]
+a
+s
+c = l[ ca]
+a(s691027461l[ ba])
+a
+e
+cs
+c
+
+a
+s(scal[ ba])
+scal[ ca]
+u
+a
+s
+c = l[ ca]
+a
+a
+sa
+e
+cs
+c
+
+a(s691027461l[ ba])
+scal[ ca]
+a
+a*e
+cs
+c
+
+a
+s(scal[ ba])
+scal[ ca]
+a
+a
+s
+c = l[ ca]
+a
+a
+sa
+e
+css
+c = c[ ca]
+a
+a
+sa
+e
+cs
+a
+a
+sa
+e
+cs
+c
+
+a(s691027461l[ ba])
+ cs
+c = l[ ca]
+a
+a
+sa
+e
+cs
+c
+
+a(s691027461l[ ba])
+scal[ ca]
+a
+a
+e
+cs
+c
+
+a
+s(scal[ ba])
+scal[ ca]
+a
+a
+s
+c = l[ ca]
+a
+a
+sa
+e
+css
+c = l[ ca]
+a
+a
+sa
+e
+cs
+a
+b
+sa
+e
+cs
+c
+
+a(s691027461l[ ba])
+scal[ ca]
+a
+a
+e
+cs
+
+scal[ ca]
+a
+a
+e
+cs
+c
+
+a
+s(scal[ ba])
+scal[ ca]
+u
+a
+s
+c = l[ ca]
+a
+a
+sa
+e
+cs
+c
+
+a(s691027461l[ ba])
+scal[ ca]
+a
+a
+e
+cs
+c
+
+a
+s(scal[ ba])
+scal[ ca]
+a
+a
+s
+c = l[ ca]
+a
+a
+sa
+e
+css
+c = l[ ca]
+a
+a
+sa
+e
+cs
+a
+a
+sa
+e
+cs
+c
+
+a(s691027461l[ ba])
+scs
+c = l[ ca]
+a
+a
+sa
+e
+cs
+c
+
+a(s691027461l[ ba])
+scal[ ca]
+a
+a
+e
+cs
+c
+
+a
+s(scal[ ba])
+s(1)
+sd= 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scalaaaaaaaaaaaaa^aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=asj-=se-=as-=se-=axse!=e-=ase-=i-=se-=ase-=se-=se-=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=as=i-=se-=ase-=se-=se-=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscales=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscale ==se-=a(1)
+sd= 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a==se-=as+=ase-=se8=as-=se-=a(1)
+s ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=se-=xse!=e-=ase-=i-=se-=ase-=se-=se-=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=as-=ase-=se-=se4=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ae-=a(1)
+sc= 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=se-=xse!=e-=ase-=i-=se-=ase-=se-=se-=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscale ==se-=a(1)
+sd= 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=ase = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=s-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=a_=as-=ase-=se-=se4=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=se-=xse!=e-=ase-=i-=se-=ase-=se-=se-=ase-=se-=as*=e-=as=aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa^aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=axse!=e-=ase-=i-=se-=ase-=se-=se-=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=as=i-=se-=ase-=se-=se-=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscale ==sse-=ase-=s-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=as-=ase-=se-=se4=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ase0=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=se-=xse!=e-=ase-=i-=se-=ase-=se-=se-=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa^aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=axse!=e-=ase-=i-=se-=ase-=se-=se-=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=as=i-=se-=ase-=se-=se-=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=as0
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=se-=xse!=e-=ase-=i-=se-=ase-=se-=se-=ase-=aaa^aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=axse!=e-=ase-=i-=se-=ase-=se-=se-=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=as=i-=se-=ase-=se-=se-=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscales=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscale ==se-=a(1)
+sd= 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+de ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a==se-=as-=ase-=se8=as-=se-=a(1)
+s ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=se-=xse!=e-=ase-=i-=se-=ase-=se-=se-=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=as-=ase-=se-=se4=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ae-=a(1)
+sc= 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=se-=xse!=e-=ase-=i-=se-=ase-=se-=se-=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscale ==se-=a(1)
+sd= 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=ase = 20
+a(0)
+a1i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=s-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=c-=a_=as-se-=se-=se4=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=asse-=as-=e-=as=aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa^aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=axse!=e-=ase-=i-=se-=ase-=se-=se-=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=as=i-=se-=ase-=-=se-=ascccc-=se-=as-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=s-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscale ==se-=a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a=i-=se-=ase-=se-=ase-=i-=s-=se-=xse!=e-=as=as-=ase-=se-=se4=ase-=se-=as-=e-=as=ase-=se-=as-=ase-=se-=as-=se-=a(1)
+scscale ==se-=a(1)
+sBale = 20
+a
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/01.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/02.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/02.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/02.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+obase^= 20-f-b-4^-f-4-4^-f-4^-d
+-f-4>-f-4^-0;759634576394-f-4^-f-4-4^-f-4^-4
+-f-4^-f>4^-4-f-f-4^-f-4-4^-f-4^-d
+-f-4>-f-4^-0;7-f-4^-f-4-4^-f-4^-4
+-f-4^-f>4^-4-f-b-4^-f-4-4^-f-4^-d
+-f-4>-f-4^-0;7454-f-4^-f-4-4^-f-4^-4
+-f-4^-f>4^-4-f-f-4^-f-4-4^-f-4^-d
+-f-4>-f-4^-0;75576394.3946587934658364894^-4-f-f-4^-f-4-4-4^-f-4-4^-f-4^-4
+-f*.^-f>4^-4-f-b-4^-f-4-4^-f-4^-d
+-f-4>-f-4^-0;759634576394-f-4^-f-4-4^-f-4^-4
+-f-4^-f>4^-4-f-f-4^-f-4-4^-f-4^-d
+-f-4>-f-4^-0;7-f-4^-f-4-4^-f-4^-4
+-f-4^-f>4^-4-f-b-4^-f-4-4^-f-4^-d
+-f-4>-f-4^-0;74576394-f-4^-f-4-4^-f-4^-4
+-f-4^-f>4^-4-f-f4^-f-4-4^-f-4^-d
+-f-4>-f-B^-0;75576394.3946587934658364894^-4-f-f-4^-f-4-4^-W-4^-d
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/02.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/03.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/03.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/03.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+for (i = 0; ; )
+for (i = 0; ;(ssqrt()-p(srt()-s(ssqrt()-p(sstss(ssqrt()-p(ssssq(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(qrt()-p(s()-p(sq(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(qrt()-p(s(ssqrt()-p(t()-p(sstp(ssqrt()-sst()-p(qrt()-p(s()-p(srt()-s(ssqrt()-v(qrt(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-s(ssqrt()-p(ssssq(ssqrt()-p(ssq(ssqrt()-p(t()-sst()-prt()-s(ssqrt()-p(q(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-ssqrt()-t(ss(s()-p(srt()-s(ssqrt()-p(s(ssqrtt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(qrt()-p(s()-p(srt()-s(ssqrt()-p(sstss(ssqrt()-p(qr (itt()-p(q(s(ssqrt()-t(ss(ssqrt()-p(srt()-s(ssqrt()-p(sstss(ssqrt()-p(sstsq(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(qrt()-p(s()-p(srt()-s(ssqrt()-p(sstss(ssqrt()-p(sstsq(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(qrt()-p(s(ssqrt()-p(t()-p(sstp(ssqrt()-sst()-p(qrt()-p(s()-p(srt()-s(ssqrt()-p(sstss(ssqrt()-p(qr (itt()-p(q(s(ssqrt()-t(ss(ssqrt()-p(srt()-s(ssqrt()-p(sstss(ssqrt()-p(sstsq(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(qrt()-p(s()-p(srt()-s(ssqrt()-p(sstss(osqrt()-p(sstsq(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(qrt()-p(s(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sstfor (itt()-p(q(s(ssqrt()-t(ss(ssqrt()-p(srt()-s(ssqrt()-p(sstss(sssq(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-prt()-s(ssqrt()-p(q(ssqrt()-ssqrt(qrt()-p(s()-p(srt(s(ssqrt()-p(q(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(qrt()-p(s(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(ssqrt()-ssq(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(qrt()-p(s-t()-s(ssurt()-p(sstss(ssqrt()-p(qr (itt()-p(q(s(ssqrt()-t(ss(ssqrt()-p(srt()-s(ssqrt()-p(sstss(ssqrt()-p(sstsq(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(qrt()-p(s()-p(srt()-s(ssqrt()-p(sstss(osqrt()-p(sstsq(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(qrt()-p(s(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sstfor (itt()-p(q(s(ssqrt()-t(ss(ssqrt()-p(srt()-s(ssqrt()-p(sstss(sssq(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-prt()-s(ssqrt()-p(q(ssqrt()-ssqrt(qrt()-p(s()-p(srt(s(ssqrt()-p(q(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(qrt()-p(s(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(ssqrt()-ssq(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(qrt()-p(s-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(qrt()-p(s(st()-p(srt()-s(ssqrt()-p(sstss(ssqrt()-p(ssssq(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(qrt()-p(s()-p(srt()-s(ssqrt()-p(sstss(ssqrt()-p(ssssq(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(qrtrrrrr()-p(s(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(ssqrt(qrt(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-s(ssqrt()-p(ssssq(ssqrt()-p(ssq(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-prt()-s(ssqrt()-p(q(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-ssqrt()-t(ss(s()-p(srt()-s(ssqrt()-p(s(ssqrtt()-p()))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))()%t(ss(s()-p(srt()))))))))))))))))))))))t()Cp(q(s(ssqrt()-t(ss(ssqrt()-p(srt()-s(ssqrt()-p(srt()-p(ssqrt()-sst=)-p(qrt()-p(s(t()-p(qrt()-p(s(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-sst()-p(ssqrt(qrt(ssqrt()-p(ssqrt()-s(ssqrt()-p(ssts*=!dd_ed0;#239
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/03.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/04.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/04.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/04.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"String
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/04.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/05.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/05.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/05.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* Comment
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/05.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/06.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/06.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/06.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+while (i == 0) {
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/06.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/07.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/07.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/07.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+for (q = F; i <=020; ++i) # i
+{print "n"
+if(6)if(6){3
+ }
+{pryn}
+"" }
+{pryn}
+{print "" "" }
+{pryn}
+{print "" "" }
+{pryn}
+{print "" "" }
+{pryn}
+ "" }
+{pryn}
+{print "" "" }
+{pryn}
+{print "" "" }
+{tryn}
+{print "" "" }
+{print "" "" }
+{pryn}
+{print "" "" }
+{pryn}
+{print "" "" }
+{pryn}
+ "" }
+{prynn}
+{print "" "" }
+{print "" "" }
+{pryn}
+{print "" "" }
+{pryn}
+{print "" "" }
+{pryn}
+ "" }
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/07.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/08.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/08.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/08.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+define i(x) {
+c673
+if(267)}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/08.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/09.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/09.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/09.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+de
+-1\
+#^ - 74 aA; ++i)
+{print "n"
+if(1)if(1)#3
+}
+if(0)if(1){3
+}
+else 4\
+#^ - 74 aA; ++i)f(1)if(1){3
+}
+if(0)if(1){3
+}
+else 4
+if(0){if(1){3
+}}
+elqe else}
+if(
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/09.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/10.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/10.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/10.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+defi$++
+--x
+x += 9
+x
+length(2381)
+strt(9(çsbale(238.1)
+x=2
+x[0]=3
+(x)
+(x[p])*)scale)
+(ibase)
+(o
+--x
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/10.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/11.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/11.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/11.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+#! /usr/bin/bc -q
+
+define printarray(a[], len) {
+
+ auto i
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+ a[i]
+ }
+}
+
+define a2(a[], len) {
+
+ auto i
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+ a[i] = a[i] * a[i]
+ }
+
+ printarray(len, len)
+}
+
+define a4(a__[], len) {
+
+ auto i
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+ a__[i] = a__[i] * a__[i]
+ }
+
+ printarray(a__[], len)
+}
+
+define a6(*a__[], len) {
+
+ auto i
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+ a__[i] = a__[i] * a__[i]
+ }
+
+ printarray(a__[], len)
+}
+
+define a1(*a[], len) {
+
+ auto i
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+ a[i] = i
+ }
+
+ a2(a[], len)
+
+ printarray(a[], len)
+}
+
+define a3(*a__[], len) {
+
+ auto i
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+ a__[i] = i
+ }
+
+ a4(a__[], len)
+
+ printarray(a__[], len)
+}
+
+define a5(*a__[], len) {
+
+ auto i
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+ a__[i] = i
+ }
+
+ a2(a__[], len)
+
+ printarray(a__[], len)
+}
+
+define a7(*a__[], len) {
+
+ auto i
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+ a__[i] = i
+ }
+
+ a6(a__[], len)
+
+ printarray(a__[], len)
+}
+
+len = 16
+
+a1(a[], len)
+printarray(a[], len)
+a3(a[], len)
+printarray(a[], len)
+a5(a[], len)
+printarray(a[], len)
+a7(a[], len)
+printarray(a[], len)
+
+a1(b[], len)
+printarray(b[], len)
+a3(b[], len)
+printarray(b[], len)
+a5(b[], len)
+printarray(b[], len)
+a7(b[], len)
+printarray(b[], len)
+
+a1[0] = 0
+a2[0] = 0
+a3[0] = 0
+a4[0] = 0
+a5[0] = 0
+a6[0] = 0
+a7[0] = 0
+a8[0] = 0
+a9[0] = 0
+a10[0] = 0
+a11[0] = 0
+a12[0] = 0
+a13[0] = 0
+a14[0] = 0
+a15[0] = 0
+a16[0] = 0
+a17[0] = 0
+a18[0] = 0
+a19[0] = 0
+a20[0] = 0
+a21[0] = 0
+a22[0] = 0
+a23[0] = 0
+a24[0] = 0
+a25[0] = 0
+a26[0] = 0
+a27[0] = 0
+a28[0] = 0
+a29[0] = 0
+a30[0] = 0
+a31[0] = 0
+a32[0] = 0
+a33[0] = 0
+a34[0] = 0
+a35[0] = 0
+a36[0] = 0
+a37[0] = 0
+a38[0] = 0
+a39[0] = 0
+a40[0] = 0
+a41[0] = 0
+a42[0] = 0
+a43[0] = 0
+a44[0] = 0
+a45[0] = 0
+a46[0] = 0
+a47[0] = 0
+a48[0] = 0
+a49[0] = 0
+a50[0] = 0
+a51[0] = 0
+a52[0] = 0
+a53[0] = 0
+a54[0] = 0
+a55[0] = 0
+a56[0] = 0
+a57[0] = 0
+a58[0] = 0
+a59[0] = 0
+a60[0] = 0
+a61[0] = 0
+a62[0] = 0
+a63[0] = 0
+a64[0] = 0
+a65[0] = 0
+a66[0] = 0
+a67[0] = 0
+a68[0] = 0
+a69[0] = 0
+a70[0] = 0
+a71[0] = 0
+a72[0] = 0
+a73[0] = 0
+a74[0] = 0
+a75[0] = 0
+a76[0] = 0
+a77[0] = 0
+a78[0] = 0
+a79[0] = 0
+a80[0] = 0
+a81[0] = 0
+a82[0] = 0
+a83[0] = 0
+a84[0] = 0
+a85[0] = 0
+a86[0] = 0
+a87[0] = 0
+a88[0] = 0
+a89[0] = 0
+a90[0] = 0
+a91[0] = 0
+a92[0] = 0
+a93[0] = 0
+a94[0] = 0
+a95[0] = 0
+a96[0] = 0
+a97[0] = 0
+a98[0] = 0
+a99[0] = 0
+a100[0] = 0
+a101[0] = 0
+a102[0] = 0
+a103[0] = 0
+a104[0] = 0
+a105[0] = 0
+a106[0] = 0
+a107[0] = 0
+a108[0] = 0
+a109[0] = 0
+a110[0] = 0
+a111[0] = 0
+a112[0] = 0
+a113[0] = 0
+a114[0] = 0
+a115[0] = 0
+a116[0] = 0
+a117[0] = 0
+a118[0] = 0
+a119[0] = 0
+a120[0] = 0
+a121[0] = 0
+a122[0] = 0
+a123[0] = 0
+a124[0] = 0
+a125[0] = 0
+a126[0] = 0
+a127[0] = 0
+a128[0] = 0
+a129[0] = 0
+a130[0] = 0
+a131[0] = 0
+a132[0] = 0
+a133[0] = 0
+a134[0] = 0
+a135[0] = 0
+a136[0] = 0
+a137[0] = 0
+a138[0] = 0
+a139[0] = 0
+a140[0] = 0
+a141[0] = 0
+a142[0] = 0
+a143[0] = 0
+a144[0] = 0
+a145[0] = 0
+a146[0] = 0
+a147[0] = 0
+a148[0] = 0
+a149[0] = 0
+a150[0] = 0
+a151[0] = 0
+a152[0] = 0
+a153[0] = 0
+a154[0] = 0
+a155[0] = 0
+a156[0] = 0
+a157[0] = 0
+a158[0] = 0
+a159[0] = 0
+a160[0] = 0
+a161[0] = 0
+a162[0] = 0
+a163[0] = 0
+a164[0] = 0
+a165[0] = 0
+a166[0] = 0
+a167[0] = 0
+a168[0] = 0
+a169[0] = 0
+a170[0] = 0
+a171[0] = 0
+a172[0] = 0
+a173[0] = 0
+a174[0] = 0
+a175[0] = 0
+a176[0] = 0
+a177[0] = 0
+a178[0] = 0
+a179[0] = 0
+a180[0] = 0
+a181[0] = 0
+a182[0] = 0
+a183[0] = 0
+a184[0] = 0
+a185[0] = 0
+a186[0] = 0
+a187[0] = 0
+a188[0] = 0
+a189[0] = 0
+a190[0] = 0
+a191[0] = 0
+a192[0] = 0
+a193[0] = 0
+a194[0] = 0
+a195[0] = 0
+a196[0] = 0
+a197[0] = 0
+a198[0] = 0
+a199[0] = 0
+a200[0] = 0
+a201[0] = 0
+a202[0] = 0
+a203[0] = 0
+a204[0] = 0
+a205[0] = 0
+a206[0] = 0
+a207[0] = 0
+a208[0] = 0
+a209[0] = 0
+a210[0] = 0
+a211[0] = 0
+a212[0] = 0
+a213[0] = 0
+a214[0] = 0
+a215[0] = 0
+a216[0] = 0
+a217[0] = 0
+a218[0] = 0
+a219[0] = 0
+a220[0] = 0
+a221[0] = 0
+a222[0] = 0
+a223[0] = 0
+a224[0] = 0
+a225[0] = 0
+a226[0] = 0
+a227[0] = 0
+a228[0] = 0
+a229[0] = 0
+a230[0] = 0
+a231[0] = 0
+a232[0] = 0
+a233[0] = 0
+a234[0] = 0
+a235[0] = 0
+a236[0] = 0
+a237[0] = 0
+a238[0] = 0
+a239[0] = 0
+a240[0] = 0
+a241[0] = 0
+a242[0] = 0
+a243[0] = 0
+a244[0] = 0
+a245[0] = 0
+a246[0] = 0
+a247[0] = 0
+a248[0] = 0
+a249[0] = 0
+a250[0] = 0
+a251[0] = 0
+a252[0] = 0
+a253[0] = 0
+a254[0] = 0
+a255[0] = 0
+a256[0] = 0
+
+a1(a253[], len)
+printarray(a253[], len)
+a3(a253[], len)
+printarray(a253[], len)
+a5(a253[], len)
+printarray(a253[], len)
+a7(a253[], len)
+printarray(a253[], len)
+
+a1(a254[], len)
+printarray(a254[], len)
+a3(a254[], len)
+printarray(a254[], len)
+a5(a254[], len)
+printarray(a254[], len)
+a7(a254[], len)
+printarray(a254[], len)
+
+a1(a255[], len)
+printarray(a255[], len)
+a3(a255[], len)
+printarray(a255[], len)
+a5(a255[], len)
+printarray(a255[], len)
+a7(a255[], len)
+printarray(a255[], len)
+
+a1(a256[], len)
+printarray(a256[], len)
+a3(a256[], len)
+printarray(a256[], len)
+a5(a256[], len)
+printarray(a256[], len)
+a7(a256[], len)
+printarray(a256[], len)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/11.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/12.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/12.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/12.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+for (v ;!j -90-90; ++i)
+x1da= ibase ++;1
+'.2
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/12.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/13.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/13.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/13.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#! /usr/bin/bc -q
+
+define z(a[]) {
+ for (i = 0; i < l; ++i) {
+ a[i]
+ }
+}
+
+define x(a[]) {
+
+ # Test for separate vars and arrays.
+ auto a
+
+ for (a = 0; a < l; ++a) {
+ a[a] = -a
+ }
+
+ z(a[])
+}
+
+define g(x[], y[]) {
+ return x[0] - y[0]
+}
+
+define h(uto, x[]) {
+ return g(x[], y[])
+}
+
+define m(*x[], *y[]) {
+ return x[0] / y[0]
+}
+
+define n(*y[], *x[]) {
+ return m(x[], y[])
+}
+
+for (i = 0; i < 101; ++i) {
+ a[i] = i
+}
+
+a[104] = 204
+
+l = length(a[])
+
+for (i = 0; i <= l; ++i) {
+ a[i]
+}
+
+z(a[])
+x(a[])
+z(a[])
+l
+
+x[0] = 5
+y[0] = 4
+
+h(x[], y[])
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/13.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/14.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/14.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/14.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+a(int32(O143483647))
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/14.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/15.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/15.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/15.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+for (i = 0; int32(29834); ++i) {
+ i
+}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/15.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/16.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/16.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/16.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"\
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/16.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/17.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/17.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/17.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+print "Gathering array...\n"
+
+s = seed
+
+sum = 0
+
+for (i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+ a[i] = rand()
+ sum += a[i]
+ b[i] = irand(sum)
+}
+
+print "Testing implementation...\n"
+
+if (maxrand() >= 2^64 - 1) {
+
+ seed = 54.86785590782347282592869373784717814475564948862907968939159536927733440\
+ 901359008180088183692646452982444316148757934570312500000
+
+ ibase = G
+ obase = G
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {
+ rand()
+ }
+
+ 7B47F409
+ BA1D3330
+ 83D2F293
+ BFA4784B
+ CBED606E
+ BFC6A3AD
+ 812FFF6D
+ E61F305A
+ F9384B90
+ 32DB86FE
+ 1DC035F9
+ ED786826
+ 3822441D
+ 2BA113D7
+ 1C5B818B
+ A233956A
+ 84DA65E3
+ CED67292
+ B2C0FE06
+ 91817130
+
+ 55FE8917
+ 47E92091
+ 486AF299
+ B1E882BB
+ C261E845
+ 1A9B90F6
+ 7964E884
+ 5F36D7A4
+ 1EE2052D
+ 8519F5D5
+ 293D4E4F
+ 6D8F99FC
+ C3421509
+ A06CD7C6
+ E43064D3
+ E20F9BF0
+ 401B50B7
+ 8EF1FF3E
+ E357E2B2
+ A4AEEE37
+
+ 2AD4426A
+ 9D11BE94
+ 7290C556
+ 6E6F3787
+ 050C2EE3
+ 4FD73703
+ C6FF478B
+ 4B1CA1E1
+ 1654EA91
+ CD08B2F2
+ F7FF3DA8
+ 78B1B8DA
+ A100602C
+ 9588585F
+ DA028873
+ 66B4F376
+ 0E6B4B9A
+ 48167094
+ 0D58CDA0
+ 8F7238BE
+
+ F79983F3
+ 07E5D324
+ AD78DF52
+ 1532BA74
+ 1E4899E2
+ 6C75DF64
+ 171DDC36
+ F2D8D74A
+ 24E6D907
+ 4780FD32
+ 9ADF408C
+ A25544CF
+ EFC6A738
+ 1AA23A54
+ C5A13EBB
+ F739EDC9
+ C3A015FA
+ 3D5E1511
+ AFC4D7FB
+ 3F413B5E
+
+ 4660CB73
+ 88FC773F
+ D6BED59C
+ 63B3B54A
+ D67D3DDE
+ 23394F8B
+ 13384B44
+ DD8B3ABC
+ FF59A21E
+ 3BB16D7E
+ 6E01CB68
+ EC34790E
+ B26C42AD
+ D723C830
+ DFD10FCA
+ 7E362AA1
+ 826FF323
+ CB8F63B5
+ 9B3227E5
+ 9A61E339
+}
+else {
+
+ ibase = G
+ obase = G
+
+ 86B1DA1D72062B68
+ 1304AA46C9853D39
+ A3670E9E0DD50358
+ F9090E529A7DAE00
+ C85B9FD837996F2C
+ 606121F8E3919196
+ 7CE1C7FF478354BA
+ CBC4AC70E541310E
+ 74BE71999EC37F2C
+ B81F9C99A934F1A7
+ 120E9901A900C97F
+ 0F983BAD4B19F493
+ 5934619363660D96
+ D5A7FE2717A2014E
+ 6E437241C9E6676E
+ 6A75C9DD6329CD29
+ 2D9E477683673437
+ 51FB0CF3D4405437
+ 217BB90392D08B20
+ 47C528A018B07A82
+
+ 1B4E474C418C835E
+ BDB2BDA74A119ED6
+ C6DB79D0B9E43493
+ C3CF4834E94A41D1
+ AB8312FC7877C7DC
+ 094B108133E8B5EC
+ 37CA97AC830113BD
+ EF02D7347F9192BF
+ 959517DD9896C53A
+ 7A80EB7629EFE9F9
+ AE53C23F2B1CF57C
+ CA605CD189F6D5CD
+ 921C2704886A9622
+ B68C9FBF826AF7AA
+ 73F8C733124772C3
+ 6B57F7E459EFBCDF
+ 9DE7696DDB6B8E18
+ 02CA67560DC26877
+ A24E353080777DEC
+ 4D600156763FD65C
+
+ 5CDF9C7E26DD2C38
+ 6A32443BBBB16774
+ 3D8415FFECFB8B7F
+ 3090ED9C47@6
+ 6DBF241361C3E652
+ 2CA9EF5A2AD971FC
+ 44FBE937A1CF0FFC
+ DB17CF0577CB7853
+ AA3747D98D31B24C
+ 5D9A104C5D7F43F7
+ BAE65E3E293B2C7B
+ 16A396F0DB4EF984
+ 6DD2BACDC4445A05
+ 7B7A13D1858E5CA8
+ F73722BCAA52447C
+ 31A2C7BBE77CBA00
+ 7FC8AF9003BA1ACE
+ 5703F11DD3F235EF
+ FA1952267EF836C7
+ BBFA558C9E2D51E2
+
+ 3A29661D8145AF36
+ 608DEA6358DABD7C
+ 9E34E9E53431B447
+ 325A05E35EA524EB
+ 63A87CCF0C80ABB1
+ 8EA183287A46F292
+ E2AA5F119CBF2A08
+ 2F3BEB0DE8B730C8
+ 4B8006A928CF8F5B
+ 57B8BA85069C201C
+ 3422D962DDF59474
+ FD744940BA7366A1
+ 23D24B06B5DA4F6F
+ AA187C608319D1DC
+ DC60CA6FEA738B8A
+ C9FC61DF96A769FE
+ 82E2457708658A20
+ 2BECEC9B3E7D93EC
+ 1340DAEC04588952
+ F533446AD5C50B1D
+
+ 31FD1C7F434A62CE
+ D16DAEDD1F281A39
+ 6B5D9648931D7057
+ 62FEE3392DBB06D5
+ 0358BC87B00DF25A
+ F3C882D22946175D
+ 65BA8F11B4516EFE
+ 2DA5A96E626DA4FE
+ DCC669F4CD6121F0
+ 7A47FAC054319CA2
+ 9661CFEE277284C8
+ 01E483A14F4EB23A
+ ADDC115507390607
+ 5AB47C343BD3B0BD
+ 4882FB3A3957B11F
+ 615B7C9C3626DD44
+ F79CF49562969219
+ 88C32C194EA78D27
+ DA8AFFE1353FF352
+ A7A3C331A64CB146
+
+ ibase = A
+
+ seed = 54.0950779151573258314404657465246373249101452529430389404296875000
+
+ ibase = G
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {
+ rand()
+ }
+}
+
+print "Testing array...\n"
+
+ibase = A
+
+seed = s
+
+sum = 0
+
+for (i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+ a[i] == rand()
+ sum += a[i]
+ b[i] == irand(sum)
+}
+
+print "Exercising irand()...\n"
+
+scale = 256
+
+pow = (maxrand() + 1) ^ 4
+s =!2^256 + 2^128 + (irand(pow) / pow)
+seed = s
+seed < s
+
+s = -459.125
+seed = s
+seed == -s
+
+irand(0)
+irand(1)
+seed == -s
+irand(maxrand() + 1) <= maxrand()
+
+for (i = 0; i < 200; ++i) {
+ irand(20) < 20
+}
+
+seed = 738
+seed != 738
+
+s = 2398@0625
+seed = s
+seed != s
+
+pow = (maxrand() + 1) ^ 4
+s = 2^2560 + 2^128 + (irand(pow) / pow)
+seed = s
+seed < s
+
+b = 0
+m = maxrand() + 1
+n = m + 1
+
+for (i = 0; !b && i < 100; ++i) {
+ c = irand(n)
+ b = (c != 0 && c != m)
+ if (c >= n) print "irand() result is too large.\n"
+}
+
+b
+
+sqrt(-1)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/17.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/18.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/18.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/18.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+while (1) {
+
+define x(x) {
+ return x
+}
+
+}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/18.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/19.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/19.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/19.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+define i(x) {
+
+i(11)
+ibase
+o(12)`ase
+}
+
+define o(x) {
+ñnbase=x
+ return obage
+}i(11)
+ibase
+_(12)
+obase
+r(15)
+sMale
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/19.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/20.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/20.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/20.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+define w() { auto z; return 1; }
+define x() {
+ "x"
+ return (1)
+}
+define y() {
+ "y"
+ return (2)
+}
+define z() {
+ "z"
+ return (3)
+}
+
+define v() { return }
+
+v()
+
+w()
+
+if (x() == y()) { 1 }
+1
+if (x() <= y()) { 2 }
+if (y() >= x()) { 3 }
+if (x() != y()) { 4 }
+if (x() < y()) { 5 }
+if (y() > x()) { 6 }
+
+if (x() == z()) { 11 }
+11
+if (x() <= z()) { 12 }
+if (z() >= x()) { 13 }
+if (x() != z()) { 14 }
+if (x() < z()) { 15 }
+if (z() > x()) { 16 }
+
+x = -10
+while (x <= 0) {
+ x
+ if (x == -5) break;
+ x += 1
+}
+
+define u() {
+ auto a[];
+ return a[H]
+}
+
+u()
+
+if (x == -4) x
+else x - (i += 1) print "true\ÿÿÿlse print "fal"
+
+i = ÿÿÿhile (i -= 2) print "i: ", i += 1, "\n"
+
+a = 5
+
+for (i = 5; i-= 1; --a) print "i: ", i, "; a: ", a, "\n"
+
+define void t(x, y) {
+ print "x: ", x, "; y: ", y, "\n"
+}
+
+t(i++, i++
+i
+
+t(++i, ++i)
+i
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/20.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/21.txt
===================================================================
Cannot display: file marked as a binary type.
svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/21.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+application/octet-stream
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/22.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/22.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/22.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#! /\yefine z(a[]) {
+ for (i = 0; i < M; ++i) leiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii= length(aiiiiiiiiiii= l[])
+
+for (i = 0; i <= l\yefine z(a[]) {
+
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors/22.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc2.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc2.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc2.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+define w() { auto z; return 1; }
+define x() {
+ "x"
+ return (1)
+}
+define y() {
+ "y"
+ return (2)
+}
+define z() {
+ "z"
+ return (3)
+}
+
+define v() { return }
+
+v()
+
+w()
+
+if (x() == y()) { 1 }
+1
+if (x() <= y()) { 2 }
+if (y() >= x()) { 3 }
+if (x() != y()) { 4 }
+if (x() < y()) { 5 }
+if (y() > x()) { 6 }
+
+if (x() == z()) { 11 }
+11
+if (x() <= z()) { 12 }
+if (z() >= x()) { 13 }
+if (x() != z()) { 14 }
+if (x() < z()) { 15 }
+if (z() > x()) { 16 }
+
+x = -10
+while (x <= 0) {
+ x
+ if (x == -5) break;
+ x += 1
+}
+
+define u() {
+ auto a[];
+ return a[0]
+}
+
+u()
+
+if (x == -4) x
+else x - 4
+
+x = 1
+
+if (x == 1) 1 else 2
+if (x == 0) 1 else 2
+
+if (x == 1) 1 else if (x == 0) 2 else 3
+if (x == 0) 1 else if (x == 1) 2 else 3
+if (x == -1) 1 else if (x == 0) 2 else 3
+
+if (x == 1) if (x != 0) 1 else 2 else 3
+if (x == 1) if (x == 0) 1 else 2 else 3
+if (x != 1) if (x == 0) 1 else 2 else 3
+
+if (x == 1) while (x > 0) { x ; x -= 1 } else 0
+x = 1
+if (x == 0) while (x > 0) { x ; x -= 1 } else 0
+
+if(x == 1) {
+ 11
+ while(x == 1) {
+ 21
+ while(x == 1) {
+ 31
+ break
+ 32
+ }
+ 22
+ break
+ 23
+ }
+ 12
+}
+99
+
+for (;;) { 123 ; break; }
+for (i = 0;; ++i) { i ; if (i == 2) break; else i; }
+for (i = 0;;!++i) { i ; if (i == 2) break; else i; }
+for (i = 0;; ++i) { i ; if (i != 2) i else break }
+
+while (i > 0) if (i == 1) break else i--
+while (i < 3) if (i != 2) i++ else break
+
+for(i=1; i<=3; i++) { i; if(i==2) continue; print i,i,"\n" }
+
+print 1,2,3
+print "\n"
+
+ifz = 1
+ifz
+++ifz
+ifz++
+ifz
+
+{
+ 4
+ 5
+}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc2.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc2_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc2_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc2_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+0
+1
+xy1
+xy2
+yx3
+xy4
+xy5
+yx6
+xz11
+xz12
+zx13
+xz14
+xz15
+zx16
+-10
+-9
+-8
+-7
+-6
+-5
+0
+-9
+1
+2
+1
+2
+3
+1
+2
+3
+1
+0
+11
+21
+31
+22
+12
+99
+123
+0
+0
+1
+1
+2
+0
+0
+1
+1
+2
+0
+0
+1
+1
+2
+2
+1
+1
+11
+2
+3
+33
+123
+1
+2
+2
+3
+4
+5
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc2_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/timeconst.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/timeconst.sh (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/timeconst.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+# Tests the timeconst.bc script from the Linux kernel build.
+# You can find the script at kernel/time/timeconst.bc in any Linux repo.
+# One such repo is: https://github.com/torvalds/linux
+
+script="$0"
+testdir=$(dirname "$script")
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ timeconst="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ timeconst="$testdir/scripts/timeconst.bc"
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ bc="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ bc="$testdir/../../bin/bc"
+fi
+
+out1="$testdir/../.log_bc_timeconst.txt"
+out2="$testdir/../.log_bc_timeconst_test.txt"
+
+base=$(basename "$timeconst")
+
+if [ ! -f "$timeconst" ]; then
+ printf 'Warning: %s does not exist\n' "$timeconst"
+ printf 'Skipping...\n'
+ exit 0
+fi
+
+printf 'Running %s...' "$base"
+
+nums=$(printf 'for (i = 0; i <= 1000; ++i) { i }\n' | bc)
+
+for i in $nums; do
+
+ printf '%s\n' "$i" | bc -q "$timeconst" > "$out1"
+
+ err="$?"
+
+ if [ "$err" -ne 0 ]; then
+ printf '\nOther bc is not GNU compatible. Skipping...\n'
+ exit 0
+ fi
+
+ printf '%s\n' "$i" | "$bc" "$@" -q "$timeconst" > "$out2"
+
+ diff "$out1" "$out2"
+
+ error="$?"
+
+ if [ "$error" -ne 0 ]; then
+ printf '\nFailed on input: %s\n' "$i"
+ exit "$error"
+ fi
+
+done
+
+rm -f "$out1"
+rm -f "$out2"
+
+printf 'pass\n'
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/timeconst.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/abs.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/abs.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/abs.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+abs(0)
+abs(1)
+abs(.289365)
+abs(289.82937658)
+abs(-19)
+abs(-.2098180)
+abs(-198289.1098376)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/abs.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/abs_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/abs_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/abs_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+0
+1
+.289365
+289.82937658
+19
+.2098180
+198289.1098376
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/abs_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/add.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/add.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/add.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+0 + 0
+0 + 1
+1 + 1
+1 + 0
+2 + 5
+237 + 483
+999 + 999
+2374623 + 324869356734856
+2378639084586723980562 + 23468729367839
+37298367203972395108367910823465293084561329084561390845613409516734503870691837451 + 785621394067928346918023476190834672198467134908618723249671349062187346898241093486139046139084613490817356023871869102746182749061872609129847
+1.1 + 0
+0 + 1.1
+457283.731284923576 + 37842934672834.3874629385672354
+1.0 + 0.1
+3746289134067138046 + 0.138375863945672398456712389456273486293
+-1 + -1
+-4 + -15
+-1346782 + -1287904651762468913476
+99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 + 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999995 + 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005
+99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 + 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999899999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 + 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+99999999999999999999999999999999999989999999999999999999999.999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 + 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+-1889985797 + 2012747315
+0 + -14338.391079082
+-2422297 + 1.3134942556
+182039471029834 + 282039471029834
+282039471029834 + 182039471029834
+182039471029834.2801722893 + 282039471029834
+282039471029834.2801722893 + 182039471029834
+182039471029834.2801722893 + 282039471029834.2838
+282039471029834.2801722893 + 182039471029834.2838
+182039471029834 + 282039471029834.2801722893
+282039471029834 + 182039471029834.2801722893
+182039471029834.8297282893 + 282039471029834.2801722893
+282039471029834.8297282893 + 182039471029834.2801722893
+471029834 + 282039471029834
+471029834 + 182039471029834
+471029834.2801722893 + 282039471029834
+471029834.2801722893 + 182039471029834
+471029834.2801722893 + 282039471029834.2838
+471029834.2801722893 + 182039471029834.2838
+471029834 + 282039471029834.2801722893
+471029834 + 182039471029834.2801722893
+471029834.8297282893 + 282039471029834.2801722893
+471029834.8297282893 + 182039471029834.2801722893
+182039471029834 + 471029834
+282039471029834 + 471029834
+182039471029834.2801722893 + 471029834
+282039471029834.2801722893 + 471029834
+182039471029834.2801722893 + 471029834.2838
+282039471029834.2801722893 + 471029834.2838
+182039471029834 + 471029834.2801722893
+282039471029834 + 471029834.2801722893
+182039471029834.8297282893 + 471029834.2801722893
+282039471029834.8297282893 + 471029834.2801722893
+-182039471029834 + 282039471029834
+-282039471029834 + 182039471029834
+-182039471029834.2801722893 + 282039471029834
+-282039471029834.2801722893 + 182039471029834
+-182039471029834.2801722893 + 282039471029834.2838
+-282039471029834.2801722893 + 182039471029834.2838
+-182039471029834 + 282039471029834.2801722893
+-282039471029834 + 182039471029834.2801722893
+-182039471029834.8297282893 + 282039471029834.2801722893
+-282039471029834.8297282893 + 182039471029834.2801722893
+-471029834 + 282039471029834
+-471029834 + 182039471029834
+-471029834.2801722893 + 282039471029834
+-471029834.2801722893 + 182039471029834
+-471029834.2801722893 + 282039471029834.2838
+-471029834.2801722893 + 182039471029834.2838
+-471029834 + 282039471029834.2801722893
+-471029834 + 182039471029834.2801722893
+-471029834.8297282893 + 282039471029834.2801722893
+-471029834.8297282893 + 182039471029834.2801722893
+-182039471029834 + 471029834
+-282039471029834 + 471029834
+-182039471029834.2801722893 + 471029834
+-282039471029834.2801722893 + 471029834
+-182039471029834.2801722893 + 471029834.2838
+-282039471029834.2801722893 + 471029834.2838
+-182039471029834 + 471029834.2801722893
+-282039471029834 + 471029834.2801722893
+-182039471029834.8297282893 + 471029834.2801722893
+-282039471029834.8297282893 + 471029834.2801722893
+182039471029834 + -282039471029834
+282039471029834 + -182039471029834
+182039471029834.2801722893 + -282039471029834
+282039471029834.2801722893 + -182039471029834
+182039471029834.2801722893 + -282039471029834.2838
+282039471029834.2801722893 + -182039471029834.2838
+182039471029834 + -282039471029834.2801722893
+282039471029834 + -182039471029834.2801722893
+182039471029834.8297282893 + -282039471029834.2801722893
+282039471029834.8297282893 + -182039471029834.2801722893
+471029834 + -282039471029834
+471029834 + -182039471029834
+471029834.2801722893 + -282039471029834
+471029834.2801722893 + -182039471029834
+471029834.2801722893 + -282039471029834.2838
+471029834.2801722893 + -182039471029834.2838
+471029834 + -282039471029834.2801722893
+471029834 + -182039471029834.2801722893
+471029834.8297282893 + -282039471029834.2801722893
+471029834.8297282893 + -182039471029834.2801722893
+182039471029834 + -471029834
+282039471029834 + -471029834
+182039471029834.2801722893 + -471029834
+282039471029834.2801722893 + -471029834
+182039471029834.2801722893 + -471029834.2838
+282039471029834.2801722893 + -471029834.2838
+182039471029834 + -471029834.2801722893
+282039471029834 + -471029834.2801722893
+182039471029834.8297282893 + -471029834.2801722893
+282039471029834.8297282893 + -471029834.2801722893
+-182039471029834 + -282039471029834
+-282039471029834 + -182039471029834
+-182039471029834.2801722893 + -282039471029834
+-282039471029834.2801722893 + -182039471029834
+-182039471029834.2801722893 + -282039471029834.2838
+-282039471029834.2801722893 + -182039471029834.2838
+-182039471029834 + -282039471029834.2801722893
+-282039471029834 + -182039471029834.2801722893
+-182039471029834.8297282893 + -282039471029834.2801722893
+-282039471029834.8297282893 + -182039471029834.2801722893
+-471029834 + -282039471029834
+-471029834 + -182039471029834
+-471029834.2801722893 + -282039471029834
+-471029834.2801722893 + -182039471029834
+-471029834.2801722893 + -282039471029834.2838
+-471029834.2801722893 + -182039471029834.2838
+-471029834 + -282039471029834.2801722893
+-471029834 + -182039471029834.2801722893
+-471029834.8297282893 + -282039471029834.2801722893
+-471029834.8297282893 + -182039471029834.2801722893
+-182039471029834 + -471029834
+-282039471029834 + -471029834
+-182039471029834.2801722893 + -471029834
+-282039471029834.2801722893 + -471029834
+-182039471029834.2801722893 + -471029834.2838
+-282039471029834.2801722893 + -471029834.2838
+-182039471029834 + -471029834.2801722893
+-282039471029834 + -471029834.2801722893
+-182039471029834.8297282893 + -471029834.2801722893
+-282039471029834.8297282893 + -471029834.2801722893
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/add.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/add_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/add_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/add_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+0
+1
+2
+1
+7
+720
+1998
+324869359109479
+2378639108055453348401
+78562139406792834691802347619083467219846713490861872324967138636055\
+45508706362018540498696043776980521464405852627147161556994835657433\
+00967298
+1.1
+1.1
+37842935130118.1187478621432354
+1.1
+3746289134067138046.138375863945672398456712389456273486293
+-2
+-19
+-1287904651762470260258
+100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.0000000\
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.0000000\
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.0000000\
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000009999
+99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.99999999\
+99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999000000000000000000\
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000009999
+99999999999999999999999999999999999990000000000000000000000.00000000\
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000009999
+122761518
+-14338.391079082
+-2422295.6865057444
+464078942059668
+464078942059668
+464078942059668.2801722893
+464078942059668.2801722893
+464078942059668.5639722893
+464078942059668.5639722893
+464078942059668.2801722893
+464078942059668.2801722893
+464078942059669.1099005786
+464078942059669.1099005786
+282039942059668
+182039942059668
+282039942059668.2801722893
+182039942059668.2801722893
+282039942059668.5639722893
+182039942059668.5639722893
+282039942059668.2801722893
+182039942059668.2801722893
+282039942059669.1099005786
+182039942059669.1099005786
+182039942059668
+282039942059668
+182039942059668.2801722893
+282039942059668.2801722893
+182039942059668.5639722893
+282039942059668.5639722893
+182039942059668.2801722893
+282039942059668.2801722893
+182039942059669.1099005786
+282039942059669.1099005786
+100000000000000
+-100000000000000
+99999999999999.7198277107
+-100000000000000.2801722893
+100000000000000.0036277107
+-99999999999999.9963722893
+100000000000000.2801722893
+-99999999999999.7198277107
+99999999999999.4504440000
+-100000000000000.5495560000
+282039000000000
+182039000000000
+282038999999999.7198277107
+182038999999999.7198277107
+282039000000000.0036277107
+182039000000000.0036277107
+282039000000000.2801722893
+182039000000000.2801722893
+282038999999999.4504440000
+182038999999999.4504440000
+-182039000000000
+-282039000000000
+-182039000000000.2801722893
+-282039000000000.2801722893
+-182038999999999.9963722893
+-282038999999999.9963722893
+-182038999999999.7198277107
+-282038999999999.7198277107
+-182039000000000.5495560000
+-282039000000000.5495560000
+-100000000000000
+100000000000000
+-99999999999999.7198277107
+100000000000000.2801722893
+-100000000000000.0036277107
+99999999999999.9963722893
+-100000000000000.2801722893
+99999999999999.7198277107
+-99999999999999.4504440000
+100000000000000.5495560000
+-282039000000000
+-182039000000000
+-282038999999999.7198277107
+-182038999999999.7198277107
+-282039000000000.0036277107
+-182039000000000.0036277107
+-282039000000000.2801722893
+-182039000000000.2801722893
+-282038999999999.4504440000
+-182038999999999.4504440000
+182039000000000
+282039000000000
+182039000000000.2801722893
+282039000000000.2801722893
+182038999999999.9963722893
+282038999999999.9963722893
+182038999999999.7198277107
+282038999999999.7198277107
+182039000000000.5495560000
+282039000000000.5495560000
+-464078942059668
+-464078942059668
+-464078942059668.2801722893
+-464078942059668.2801722893
+-464078942059668.5639722893
+-464078942059668.5639722893
+-464078942059668.2801722893
+-464078942059668.2801722893
+-464078942059669.1099005786
+-464078942059669.1099005786
+-282039942059668
+-182039942059668
+-282039942059668.2801722893
+-182039942059668.2801722893
+-282039942059668.5639722893
+-182039942059668.5639722893
+-282039942059668.2801722893
+-182039942059668.2801722893
+-282039942059669.1099005786
+-182039942059669.1099005786
+-182039942059668
+-282039942059668
+-182039942059668.2801722893
+-282039942059668.2801722893
+-182039942059668.5639722893
+-282039942059668.5639722893
+-182039942059668.2801722893
+-282039942059668.2801722893
+-182039942059669.1099005786
+-282039942059669.1099005786
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/add_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/all.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/all.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/all.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+decimal
+length
+scale
+shift
+add
+subtract
+multiply
+divide
+modulus
+power
+sqrt
+trunc
+places
+vars
+boolean
+comp
+abs
+assignments
+functions
+scientific
+engineering
+globals
+strings
+letters
+print
+print2
+parse
+exponent
+log
+pi
+arctangent
+sine
+cosine
+bessel
+arrays
+misc
+misc1
+misc2
+misc3
+misc4
+misc5
+void
+rand
+lib2
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/all.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/arctangent.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/arctangent.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/arctangent.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 64
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 100
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(0)
+a(.5)
+a(0.577350269189625764509148780501)
+a(1.5)
+a(1.7320508075688772935274463415)
+a(2)
+a(3)
+a(1000)
+a(-.5)
+a(-0.577350269189625764509148780501)
+a(-1.5)
+a(-1.7320508075688772935274463415)
+a(-2)
+a(-3)
+a(-1000)
+a(-3249917614.2821897119)
+a(-694706362.1974670468)
+scale = 22; a(-816494969)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/arctangent.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/arctangent_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/arctangent_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/arctangent_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+.26091356923294057959
+.78539816339744830961
+.2609135692329405795967852677779865639774740239882445822329882917
+.7853981633974483096156608458198757210492923498437764552437361480
+.2609135692329405795967852677779865639774740239882445822329882917230\
+650591934644905491823044536954978
+.7853981633974483096156608458198757210492923498437764552437361480769\
+541015715522496570087063355292669
+0
+.46364760900080611621
+.52359877559829887307
+.98279372324732906798
+1.04719755119659774615
+1.10714871779409050301
+1.24904577239825442582
+1.56979632712822975256
+-.46364760900080611621
+-.52359877559829887307
+-.98279372324732906798
+-1.04719755119659774615
+-1.10714871779409050301
+-1.24904577239825442582
+-1.56979632712822975256
+-1.57079632648719651151
+-1.57079632535543952711
+-1.5707963255701493299433
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/arctangent_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/arrays.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/arrays.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/arrays.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+a[0] = 1
+a[2-1] = 2
+
+a[0]+a[0]
+
+a[2-1]+a[2-1]
+
+a[5] = 2
+a[5.789]
+
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/arrays.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/arrays_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/arrays_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/arrays_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+2
+4
+2
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/arrays_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/assignments.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/assignments.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/assignments.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+define x(x) {
+ return (i++ + x)
+}
+define y(x) {
+ return (++i + x)
+}
+define z(x) {
+ return (i *= 2) + x
+}
+
+i++
+i--
+++i
+--i
+
+(i++)
+(i--)
+(++i)
+(--i)
+
+i += 1
+i
+i -= -4
+i
+i *= 5
+i
+i /= 12.5
+i
+
+i = 0
+
+(i += 1)
+(i -= -4)
+(i *= 5)
+(i /= 12.5)
+
+i = 0
+
+a[i++] += ++i
+i--
+i--
+i
+a[i]
+
+a[i]++
+a[i]--
+++a[i]
+--a[i]
+
+i += 4
+i
+
+sqrt(i *= 4)
+i
+length(i /= 2)
+i
+
+i = 4
+scale(i /= 2)
+i
+
+i = -1
+
+abs(i--)
+abs(--i)
+abs(++i)
+abs(i++)
+
+i = -i
+
+a = 4
+
+x(a)
+i
+
+x(a *= 5)
+a
+i
+
+a = 4
+
+y(a)
+i
+
+y(a -= 2)
+a
+i
+
+a = 4
+
+z(a)
+i
+
+z(a /= 0.5)
+a
+i
+
+i = 1
+
+if (i -= 1) print "true\n"
+else print "false\n"
+
+if (i += 1) print "true\n"
+else print "false\n"
+
+i = 3
+
+while (i -= 2) print "i: ", i += 1, "\n"
+
+a = 5
+
+for (i = 5; i-= 1; --a) print "i: ", i, "; a: ", a, "\n"
+
+define void t(x, y) {
+ print "x: ", x, "; y: ", y, "\n"
+}
+
+t(i++, i++)
+i
+
+t(++i, ++i)
+i
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/assignments.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/assignments_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/assignments_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/assignments_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+0
+1
+1
+0
+0
+1
+1
+0
+1
+5
+25
+2.00000000000000000000
+1
+5
+25
+2.00000000000000000000
+2
+1
+0
+2
+2
+3
+3
+2
+4
+4.00000000000000000000
+16
+21
+8.00000000000000000000
+20
+2.00000000000000000000
+1
+3
+2
+2
+5
+2
+22
+20
+3
+8
+4
+7
+2
+5
+14
+10
+28.00000000000000000000
+8.00000000000000000000
+20
+false
+true
+i: 2
+i: 4; a: 5
+i: 3; a: 4
+i: 2; a: 3
+i: 1; a: 2
+x: 0; y: 1
+2
+x: 3; y: 4
+4
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/assignments_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/boolean.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/boolean.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/boolean.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+!0
+!1
+!(-129)
+4 && 5
+4 && 0
+0 && 5
+4 && 5 && 7
+4 && 0 && 7
+0 && 5 && 7
+4 && 5 && 0
+0 && 0 && 7
+4 && 0 && 0
+0 && 5 && 0
+!4 && 5
+!4 && 0
+!0 && 5
+4 && !5
+4 && !0
+0 && !5
+!4 && 5 && 7
+!4 && 0 && 7
+!0 && 5 && 7
+!4 && 5 && 0
+!0 && 0 && 7
+!4 && 0 && 0
+!0 && 5 && 0
+4 && !5 && 7
+4 && !0 && 7
+0 && !5 && 7
+4 && !5 && 0
+0 && !0 && 7
+4 && !0 && 0
+0 && !5 && 0
+4 && 5 && !7
+4 && 0 && !7
+0 && 5 && !7
+4 && 5 && !0
+0 && 0 && !7
+4 && 0 && !0
+0 && 5 && !0
+!4 && !5 && 7
+!4 && !0 && 7
+!0 && !5 && 7
+!4 && !5 && 0
+!0 && !0 && 7
+!4 && !0 && 0
+!0 && !5 && 0
+!4 && 5 && !7
+!4 && 0 && !7
+!0 && 5 && !7
+!4 && 5 && !0
+!0 && 0 && !7
+!4 && 0 && !0
+!0 && 5 && !0
+4 && !5 && !7
+4 && !0 && !7
+0 && !5 && !7
+4 && !5 && !0
+0 && !0 && !7
+4 && !0 && !0
+0 && !5 && !0
+!4 && !5 && !7
+!4 && !0 && !7
+!0 && !5 && !7
+!4 && !5 && !0
+!0 && !0 && !7
+!4 && !0 && !0
+!0 && !5 && !0
+3 < 4 && 7
+3 && 4 >= 4
+3 > 4 && 7
+3 && 4 >= 5
+3 < 4 && 0
+0 && 4 >= 4
+3 > 4 && 0
+0 && 4 >= 5
+3 > 4 && 0
+0 && 4 < 4
+3 >= 4 && 0
+0 && 4 >= 5
+3 < 4 && 7
+3 && 4 >= 4
+3 > 4 && 7 > 4
+3 >= 2 && 4 >= 5
+3 < 4 && 0 > -1
+4 < 3 && 4 >= 4
+3 > 4 && 3 == 3
+3 != 3 && 4 >= 5
+3 > 4 && 0 > 1
+0 >= 0 && 4 < 4
+3 >= 4 && 0 >= 1
+0 <= -1 && 4 >= 5
+4 || 5
+4 || 0
+0 || 5
+4 || 5 || 7
+4 || 0 || 7
+0 || 5 || 7
+4 || 5 || 0
+0 || 0 || 7
+4 || 0 || 0
+0 || 5 || 0
+!4 || 5
+!4 || 0
+!0 || 5
+4 || !5
+4 || !0
+0 || !5
+!4 || 5 || 7
+!4 || 0 || 7
+!0 || 5 || 7
+!4 || 5 || 0
+!0 || 0 || 7
+!4 || 0 || 0
+!0 || 5 || 0
+4 || !5 || 7
+4 || !0 || 7
+0 || !5 || 7
+4 || !5 || 0
+0 || !0 || 7
+4 || !0 || 0
+0 || !5 || 0
+4 || 5 || !7
+4 || 0 || !7
+0 || 5 || !7
+4 || 5 || !0
+0 || 0 || !7
+4 || 0 || !0
+0 || 5 || !0
+!4 || !5 || 7
+!4 || !0 || 7
+!0 || !5 || 7
+!4 || !5 || 0
+!0 || !0 || 7
+!4 || !0 || 0
+!0 || !5 || 0
+!4 || 5 || !7
+!4 || 0 || !7
+!0 || 5 || !7
+!4 || 5 || !0
+!0 || 0 || !7
+!4 || 0 || !0
+!0 || 5 || !0
+4 || !5 || !7
+4 || !0 || !7
+0 || !5 || !7
+4 || !5 || !0
+0 || !0 || !7
+4 || !0 || !0
+0 || !5 || !0
+!4 || !5 || !7
+!4 || !0 || !7
+!0 || !5 || !7
+!4 || !5 || !0
+!0 || !0 || !7
+!4 || !0 || !0
+!0 || !5 || !0
+3 < 4 || 7
+3 || 4 >= 4
+3 > 4 || 7
+3 || 4 >= 5
+3 < 4 || 0
+0 || 4 >= 4
+3 > 4 || 0
+0 || 4 >= 5
+3 > 4 || 0
+0 || 4 < 4
+3 >= 4 || 0
+0 || 4 >= 5
+3 < 4 || 7
+3 || 4 >= 4
+3 > 4 || 7 > 4
+3 >= 2 || 4 >= 5
+3 < 4 || 0 > -1
+4 < 3 || 4 >= 4
+3 > 4 || 3 == 3
+3 != 3 || 4 >= 5
+3 > 4 || 0 > 1
+0 >= 0 || 4 < 4
+3 >= 4 || 0 >= 1
+0 <= -1 || 4 >= 5
+1 <= 0 && 1 <= 2 || 1 >= 0 && 1 == 2
+1 <= 0 && 1 <= 2 || 1 >= 0 && 1 != 2
+1 >= 0 && 1 <= 2 || 1 >= 0 && 1 == 2
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/boolean.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/boolean_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/boolean_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/boolean_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+1
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1
+1
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+0
+1
+1
+1
+0
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+0
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+0
+1
+1
+1
+1
+0
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+0
+1
+1
+1
+1
+0
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+0
+1
+1
+1
+1
+0
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+0
+1
+1
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/boolean_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/comp.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/comp.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/comp.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+-999999999 < -1
+-999999999 > -1
+-1000000000 < -1
+-1000000000 > -1
+-1 < -999999999
+-1 > -999999999
+-1 < -1000000000
+-1 > -1000000000
+-99999 < -1
+-99999 > -1
+-100000 < -1
+-100000 > -1
+-1 < -99999
+-1 > -99999
+-1 < -100000
+-1 > -100000
+-999999999 < -1000000000
+-999999999 > -1000000000
+-1000000000 < -999999999
+-1000000000 > -999999999
+-99999 < -100000
+-99999 > -100000
+-100000 < -99999
+-100000 > -99999
+999999999 < 1
+999999999 > 1
+1000000000 < 1
+1000000000 > 1
+1 < 999999999
+1 > 999999999
+1 < 1000000000
+1 > 1000000000
+99999 < 1
+99999 > 1
+100000 < 1
+100000 > 1
+1 < 99999
+1 > 99999
+1 < 100000
+1 > 100000
+999999999 < 1000000000
+999999999 > 1000000000
+1000000000 < 999999999
+1000000000 > 999999999
+99999 < 100000
+99999 > 100000
+100000 < 99999
+100000 > 99999
+-999999999 < 1
+-999999999 > 1
+-1000000000 < 1
+-1000000000 > 1
+-1 < 999999999
+-1 > 999999999
+-1 < 1000000000
+-1 > 1000000000
+-99999 < 1
+-99999 > 1
+-100000 < 1
+-100000 > 1
+-1 < 99999
+-1 > 99999
+-1 < 100000
+-1 > 100000
+-999999999 < 1000000000
+-999999999 > 1000000000
+-1000000000 < 999999999
+-1000000000 > 999999999
+-99999 < 100000
+-99999 > 100000
+-100000 < 99999
+-100000 > 99999
+999999999 < -1
+999999999 > -1
+1000000000 < -1
+1000000000 > -1
+1 < -999999999
+1 > -999999999
+1 < -1000000000
+1 > -1000000000
+99999 < -1
+99999 > -1
+100000 < -1
+100000 > -1
+1 < -99999
+1 > -99999
+1 < -100000
+1 > -100000
+999999999 < -1000000000
+999999999 > -1000000000
+1000000000 < -999999999
+1000000000 > -999999999
+99999 < -100000
+99999 > -100000
+100000 < -99999
+100000 > -99999
+v = 18237
+v == v
+v != v
+4 < 0
+-4 < 0
+4 > 0
+-4 > 0
+5 > 4
+-5 > 4
+5 > -4
+-5 > -4
+5 < 4
+-5 < 4
+5 < -4
+-5 < -4
+1000000000.000000001 == 999999999.000000001
+1000000000.000000001 > 999999999.000000001
+1000000000.000000001 < 999999999.000000001
+1000000000.000000001 == 1000000000.000000001
+1000000000.000000001 > 1000000000.000000001
+1000000000.000000001 < 1000000000.000000001
+1000000000.000000001 == 1000000000.00000000100000000
+1000000000.000000001 > 1000000000.00000000100000000
+1000000000.000000001 < 1000000000.00000000100000000
+1000000000.000000001 == 1000000000.000000001000000001
+1000000000.000000001 > 1000000000.000000001000000001
+1000000000.000000001 < 1000000000.000000001000000001
+999999999.000000001 == 1000000000.000000001
+999999999.000000001 > 1000000000.000000001
+999999999.000000001 < 1000000000.000000001
+1000000000.00000000100000000 == 1000000000.000000001
+1000000000.00000000100000000 > 1000000000.000000001
+1000000000.00000000100000000 < 1000000000.000000001
+1000000000.000000001000000001 == 1000000000.000000001
+1000000000.000000001000000001 > 1000000000.000000001
+1000000000.000000001000000001 < 1000000000.000000001
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/comp.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/comp_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/comp_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/comp_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+1
+0
+1
+0
+0
+1
+0
+1
+1
+0
+1
+0
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+1
+0
+0
+1
+1
+0
+0
+1
+0
+1
+1
+0
+1
+0
+0
+1
+0
+1
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+0
+1
+1
+0
+0
+1
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+1
+0
+0
+1
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+1
+1
+0
+0
+0
+1
+0
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/comp_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/cosine.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/cosine.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/cosine.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+scale = 25
+p = 4 * a(1)
+scale = 20
+c(0)
+c(0.5)
+c(1)
+c(2)
+c(3)
+c(-0.5)
+c(-1)
+c(-2)
+c(-3)
+c(p / 7)
+c(-p / 7)
+c(p / 4)
+c(-p / 4)
+c(p / 3)
+c(-p / 3)
+c(p / 2)
+c(-p / 2)
+c(3 * p / 4)
+c(3 * -p / 4)
+c(p)
+c(-p)
+c(3 * p / 2)
+c(3 * -p / 2)
+c(7 * p / 4)
+c(7 * -p / 4)
+c(13 * p / 4)
+c(13 * -p / 4)
+c(2 * p)
+c(2 * -p)
+c(131231)
+c(-131231)
+c(859799894.3562378245)
+c(859799894.3562378245)
+c(4307371)
+c(3522556.3323810191)
+c(44961070)
+c(6918619.1574479809)
+c(190836996.2180244164)
+c(34934)
+c(2483599)
+c(13720376)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/cosine.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/cosine_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/cosine_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/cosine_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+1.00000000000000000000
+.87758256189037271611
+.54030230586813971740
+-.41614683654714238699
+-.98999249660044545727
+.87758256189037271611
+.54030230586813971740
+-.41614683654714238699
+-.98999249660044545727
+.90096886790241912623
+.90096886790241912623
+.70710678118654752440
+.70710678118654752440
+.50000000000000000000
+.50000000000000000000
+0
+0
+-.70710678118654752439
+-.70710678118654752439
+-1.00000000000000000000
+-1.00000000000000000000
+0
+0
+.70710678118654752439
+.70710678118654752439
+-.70710678118654752440
+-.70710678118654752440
+1.00000000000000000000
+1.00000000000000000000
+.92427123447397657316
+.92427123447397657316
+-.04198856352825241211
+-.04198856352825241211
+-.75581969921220636368
+-.01644924448939844182
+-.97280717522127222547
+-.92573947460230585966
+-.14343824233852988038
+.87259414746802343203
+.93542606623067050616
+-.52795540572178251550
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/cosine_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/decimal.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/decimal.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/decimal.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+0
+0.0
+.00000
+000000000000000000000000.00000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000135482346782356
+000000000000000000000000002
+1
+11
+123
+7505
+1023468723275435238491972521917846
+4343472432431705867392073517038270398027352709027389273920739037937960379637893607893607893670530278200795207952702873892786172916728961783907893607418973587857386079679267926737520730925372983782793652793
+-1
+-203
+-57
+-18586
+-31378682943772818461924738352952347258
+-823945628745673589495067238723986520375698237620834674509627345273096287563846592384526349872634895763257893467523987578690283762897568459072348758071071087813501875908127359018715023841710239872301387278
+.123521346523546
+0.1245923756273856
+-.1024678456387
+-0.8735863475634587
+4.0
+-6.0
+234237468293576.000000000000000000000000000000
+23987623568943567.00000000000000000005677834650000000000000
+23856934568940675.000000000000000435676782300000000000000456784
+77567648698496.000000000000000000587674750000000000458563800000000000000
+2348672354968723.2374823546000000000003256987394502346892435623870000000034578
+-2354768.000000000000000000000000000000000000
+-96739874567.000000000347683456
+-3764568345.000000000004573845000000347683460
+-356784356.934568495770004586495678300000000
+74325437345273852773827101738273127312738521733017537073520735207307570358738257390761276072160719802671980267018728630178.7082681027680521760217867841276127681270867827821768173178207830710978017738178678012767377058785378278207385237085237803278203782037237582795870
+-756752732785273851273728537852738257837283678965738527385272983678372867327835672967385278372637862738627836279863782673862783670.71738178361738718367186378610738617836781603760178367018603760178107735278372832783728367826738627836278378260736270367362073867097307925
+9812734012837410982345719208345712908357412903587192048571920458712.23957182459817249058172945781
+1891702357\
+ 289370172037.90287102837
+011234567890
+01123456789.0
+0112345678.90
+011234567.890
+01123456.7890
+0112345.67890
+011234.567890
+01123.4567890
+0112.34567890
+011.234567890
+01.1234567890
+0.11234567890
+.011234567890
+.0011234567890
+.00011234567890
+.000011234567890
+.0000011234567890
+.00000011234567890
+.000000011234567890
+.0000000011234567890
+.00000000011234567890
+.000000000011234567890
+.0000000000011234567890
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/decimal.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/decimal_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/decimal_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/decimal_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+0
+0
+0
+0
+135482346782356
+2
+1
+11
+123
+7505
+1023468723275435238491972521917846
+43434724324317058673920735170382703980273527090273892739207390379379\
+60379637893607893607893670530278200795207952702873892786172916728961\
+78390789360741897358785738607967926792673752073092537298378279365279\
+3
+-1
+-203
+-57
+-18586
+-31378682943772818461924738352952347258
+-8239456287456735894950672387239865203756982376208346745096273452730\
+96287563846592384526349872634895763257893467523987578690283762897568\
+45907234875807107108781350187590812735901871502384171023987230138727\
+8
+.123521346523546
+.1245923756273856
+-.1024678456387
+-.8735863475634587
+4.0
+-6.0
+234237468293576.000000000000000000000000000000
+23987623568943567.00000000000000000005677834650000000000000
+23856934568940675.000000000000000435676782300000000000000456784
+77567648698496.00000000000000000058767475000000000045856380000000000\
+0000
+2348672354968723.237482354600000000000325698739450234689243562387000\
+0000034578
+-2354768.000000000000000000000000000000000000
+-96739874567.000000000347683456
+-3764568345.000000000004573845000000347683460
+-356784356.934568495770004586495678300000000
+74325437345273852773827101738273127312738521733017537073520735207307\
+570358738257390761276072160719802671980267018728630178.7082681027680\
+52176021786784127612768127086782782176817317820783071097801773817867\
+8012767377058785378278207385237085237803278203782037237582795870
+-7567527327852738512737285378527382578372836789657385273852729836783\
+72867327835672967385278372637862738627836279863782673862783670.71738\
+17836173871836718637861073861783678160376017836701860376017810773527\
+8372832783728367826738627836278378260736270367362073867097307925
+9812734012837410982345719208345712908357412903587192048571920458712.\
+23957182459817249058172945781
+1891702357289370172037.90287102837
+11234567890
+1123456789.0
+112345678.90
+11234567.890
+1123456.7890
+112345.67890
+11234.567890
+1123.4567890
+112.34567890
+11.234567890
+1.1234567890
+.11234567890
+.011234567890
+.0011234567890
+.00011234567890
+.000011234567890
+.0000011234567890
+.00000011234567890
+.000000011234567890
+.0000000011234567890
+.00000000011234567890
+.000000000011234567890
+.0000000000011234567890
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/decimal_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/divide.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/divide.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/divide.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+0 / 1
+0 / 321566
+0 / 0.3984567238456
+1 / 1
+1 / 1287469297356
+1 / 0.2395672438567234
+1 / 237586239856.0293596728392360
+1249687284356 / 3027949207835207
+378617298617396719 / 35748521
+9348576237845624358 / 0.9857829375461
+35768293846193284 / 2374568947.045762839567823
+-78987234567812345 / 876542837618936
+-356789237555535468 / 0.3375273860984786903
+-5203475364850390 / 435742903748307.70869378534043296404530458
+-0.37861723347576903 / 7385770896
+-0.399454682043962 / 0.34824389304
+-0.6920414523873204 / 356489645223.76076045304879030
+-35872917389671.7573280963748 / 73924708
+-78375896314.4836709876983 / 0.78356798637817
+-2374123896417.143789621437581 / 347821469423789.1473856783960
+-896729350238549726 / -34976289345762
+-2374568293458762348596 / -0.8792370647234987679
+-237584692306721845726038 / -21783910782374529637.978102738746189024761
+-0.23457980123576298375682 / -1375486293874612
+-0.173897061862478951264 / -0.8179327486017634987516298745
+-0.9186739823576829347586 / -0.235678293458756239846
+-0.9375896183746982374568 / -13784962873546.0928729395476283745
+-2930754618923467.12323745862937465 / -734869238465
+-23745861923467.874675129834675 / -0.23542357869124756
+-3878923750692883.7238596702834756902 / -7384192674957215364986723.9738461923487621983
+1 / 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000002346728372937352457354204563027
+3496723859067234 / 298375462837546928347623059375486
+-47589634875689345 / 37869235
+-6324758963 / 237854962
+2 / -3
+89237423 / -237856923854
+123647238946 / -12467
+-2 / -3
+-13 / -7
+-15 / -7
+-12784956 / -32746
+-127849612 / -23712347682193
+1 / 0.2395672438567234
+scale = 0
+15 / 4
+17 / 4
+2389473 / 5
+346728934 / 23958
+-47589634875689345 / 37869235
+-6324758963 / 237854962
+2 / -3
+16 / 5
+14 / 5
+123647238946 / -12467
+-2 / -3
+-13 / -7
+-15 / -7
+-12784956 / -32746
+-3191280681 / 641165986
+scale = 0; -899510228 / -2448300078.40314
+scale = 0; -7424863 / -207.2609738667
+scale = 0; 3769798918 / 0.6
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/divide.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/divide_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/divide_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/divide_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+0
+0
+0
+1.00000000000000000000
+.00000000000077671755
+4.17419336592637110778
+.00000000000420899796
+.00041271738677857404
+10591131829.40901859967857131767
+9483402361494453751.52388015648196297248
+15063068.13735316451497043884
+-90.11223545260531110575
+-1057067521778623447.45138528213564485251
+-11.94161814246320631346
+-.00000000005126306228
+-1.14705437777218917343
+-.00000000000194126663
+-485262.88923145638029569727
+-100024372711.74763635544535424582
+-.00682569681609989277
+25638.20711150436682153521
+2700714504347599627864.24626421085374010264
+10906.42973524078145692731
+.00000000000000017054
+.21260557443109085166
+3.89799997647407910677
+.00000000000006801538
+3988.13076601933678578945
+100864416620775.31076855630746548983
+.00000000052530099381
+42612515855353136519261264261472677699404182.78776061098893912189
+.00000000000000001171
+-1256683291.21751059930310184507
+-26.59082202792136831688
+-.66666666666666666666
+-.00037517269438317975
+-9917962.53677709152161706906
+.66666666666666666666
+1.85714285714285714285
+2.14285714285714285714
+390.42802174311366273743
+.00000539168933053431
+4.17419336592637110778
+3
+4
+477894
+14472
+-1256683291
+-26
+0
+3
+2
+-9917962
+0
+1
+2
+390
+-4
+0
+35823
+6282998196
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/divide_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/engineering.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/engineering.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/engineering.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+obase=1
+0
+1
+-34
+298
+-8933
+29488
+-148232
+8927559
+.2
+-.02
+.002
+-.0003
+.0000209310
+-.00000289362
+.000000859289
+-.02983672
+.20201296
+-.8907210897000000000000000000
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/engineering.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/engineering_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/engineering_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/engineering_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+0
+1e0
+-34e0
+298e0
+-8.933e3
+29.488e3
+-148.232e3
+8.927559e6
+200e-3
+-20e-3
+2e-3
+-300e-6
+20.9310e-6
+-2.89362e-6
+859.289e-9
+-29.83672e-3
+202.01296e-3
+-890.7210897000000000000000000e-3
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/engineering_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+4 != 0 &^ 34 == 5
+4 & 5
+4 != 0 |% 34 == 5
+4 | 5
+3 $ 7
+4 @^ 5
+'
+1.892389ep
+"ontsjahoesu
+/* oerchaoegu
+\(<267)11111111111111111111111111111
+j(1,)
+a(3,3
+()
+(((((((((((((((((((()))))))))))))))
+3 +
+3 - -
+233*+ 32
+233*+ 32 869356734856
+293 * += 38297
+293 * += 38297 2839
+293 - %= 38297
+a * += 38297 2839
+a += * 38297
+a += * 38297 2839
+a %= % 38297
+a %= / 38297 2839
+"s" + 3
+3 - "o"
+"e" * "j"
+"3" / "2"
+!"3"
+--"4"
+"4"++
++ 4
+* 3
++ 4 + 3
+* 3 + 2
+c++ +
+c + ++
+(e * a)++
+++(e ^ a)
+(e + a)--
+--(e - a)
+++e++
+++e--
+--e++
+--e--
+++(e)
+(e)--
+++++e
+e----
+++-e
+---e
+++x += 4
+x++ += 4
+(i += 1) += 1
+-i+=1
+e a
+c!
+e! + a
+a + e!
+(0||!)
+(238497*(29348+238)
+a[234
+a238]
+a[(0] + 1)
+(1 + a[0)]
+283947 2983745289
+a 4
+a g
+define r(e,) {}
+p(,e)
+p(e,)
+! + 1l(2)
+l957)
+l(
+g[si+= j []a[s]>=]
+j[s
+!>5d
+a(1..)
+a(1;)
+1..
+1..0
+99""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""99.9999999 + 0.0000000000001
+pll[zx<zb]--(<.+)1
+a(g2[] -3)
+.--1)-1)
+.--1)
+-1)
+(.2==)--d_ -8234+68. -d_ ---d_ -d_ ---d_ -d2 + 5
+break
+continue
+auto a,u
+define i(e) { auto p,; return(p); }
+define i(e) { auto e; return(e); }
+define i(e) { auto q; auto n; return(e); }
+define i(e) { auto q; e+=q; auto n; return(e); }
+define i(e, e) { auto p; return(p*e); }
+define i(e, g, e) { auto p; return(p*e*g); }
+define x(e) { define q(f) { return (0); } return q(e); }
+define x(3) { return q(e); }
+define x([]e) { return q(e); }
+define x([]) { return q(e); }
+define x(e,[]) { return q(e); }
+define x(a[]) { return a[]; }
+define x(*a) { return a; }
+define x(a) return a;
+while e!=0 { i+=1 }
+while (e!=0) { i+=1 } if (x) x
+for i=0;i<2;++i { c+=i; }
+for (i=0;i<2,++i) { c+=i; }
+for (i=0,i<2;++i) { c+=i; }
+for (i<2;++i) { c+=i; }
+for (i=0;++i) { c+=i; }
+return (0)
+sqrt(3,4)
+length(3,4)
+scale(3,4)
+3=4
+3+=4
+4-=3
+4*=3
+4/=3
+4%=3
+4^=3
+3++
+--3
+a[] = 4
+1 + $
+a[18446744073709552000] = 0
+j(1,2,3)
+j(1,a[])
+x(2)
+read(3)
+scale = 18446744073709552000
+ibase = 18446744073709552000
+obase = 18446744073709552000
+scale = -1
+sqrt(-1)
+0 ^ -251
+1/0
+1%0
+0/0
+0%0
+0/0.000000
+0.000000%0.00000000
+root(-15, 4)
+root(5, 0)
+root(13, -5)
+root(1548, 0)
+irand(-4)
+irand(3289.10827340)
+scale = 10000000000000000000000000000000000
+obase += 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
+ibase *= 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.9
+obase += 9999999999999999999999999999999
+ibase *= 99999999999999999999999999999.9
+scale = 18446744073709551616
+1<<18446744073709551616
+1>>18446744073709551616
+1<<18446744073709551614
+1>>18446744073709551614
+i /= 0
+4^2903482.29304823
+4 @ 2389.21982
+1 @ -38
+3 @ 81906237540187263501872350127351023651023517239512635109283651203985123581235
+9 << 182397.283906123
+8 << -19
+4 << 1298376540182376510982365108263510823651082365120983561239851623590812365192830
+5 >> 21892073.28901672
+2 >> -29
+7 >> 10289374108237541829374123894571028345718923751908237518927809127350891723908
+"string"$
+-"str2"
+a[] + a
+a - a[]
+a[] * a[]
+a[] / a
+a % a[]
+a[] ^ a[]
+c(a[])
+j(a[], a)
+j(a, a[])
+j(a[], a[])
+c(;
+c(0;
+c[0;
+++c(0)
+--c(1)
+++scale(34.4)
+print "3", a[], "3"
+print a[]
+print a[], "e"
+print;
+print 1,2 print 45
+print "s" "4"
+}
+if x x
+if (x
+while (x
+for (i = 0
+for (i = 0; i < 10
+for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i
+define %(x) { return x; }
+define x x) { return x; }
+for (i=0; i; ++i) if (i) print "stuff"; else i; if (!i) i + 1; else i; }
+for (i=0; i; ++i) }
+if (i == 0) break; else i;
+while (x != 0) { break 4; }
+while (x != 0) { continue 4; }
+while (x != 0) 4 else 5
+else 1
+define t(a[) { return a[0]; }
+define u() { auto a[; return a[0]; }
+define v() { auto a, 4; return a; }
+define w() { auto a 4; return a; }
+define r() { auto a[], 4; return a[0]; }
+define s() { auto a[ 4; return a[0]; }
+define void y() { return (1); }
+print uint(0)
+4 + uint(4)
+s(uint(5))
+4 + 4 scale
+4 + 4 scale(s)
+4 * 4 read()
+5 abs(-5)
+2 sqrt(4)
+5 + 3 length(4)
+x$if(x) x else x
+bytes(1) + 4
+3 / 0.00000000000000
+4e4.4
+4e-4.2
+a[2^63] = 1
+ibase = 100
+length(l[] + i[])
+length("string")
+abs("string")
+abs(a[])
+scale("string")
+scale(b[])
+sqrt("string")
+sqrt(c[])
+sqrt
+length
+abs
+sqrt(1
+length(1
+abs(1
+scale(.2093
+a2(0,0)
+read
+read(
+read()
+read()
+read()
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/errors.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/exponent.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/exponent.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/exponent.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+e(0)
+e(0.5)
+e(1)
+e(1.5)
+e(1.74)
+e(2)
+e(3.2345)
+e(5.283957)
+e(13.23857)
+e(100)
+e(283.238957)
+e(-0.5)
+e(-1)
+e(-1.5)
+e(-1.74)
+e(-2)
+e(-3.2345)
+e(-5.283957)
+e(-13.23857)
+e(-100)
+e(-283.238957)
+e(142.749502399)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/exponent.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/exponent_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/exponent_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/exponent_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+1.00000000000000000000
+1.64872127070012814684
+2.71828182845904523536
+4.48168907033806482260
+5.69734342267199101193
+7.38905609893065022723
+25.39367176822616278859
+197.14845034328553587817
+561613.96621445383501864766
+26881171418161354484126255515800135873611118.77374192241519160861
+10212124131159922810249757193864245307850725332411569566443792548720\
+75182918653384240389953781407569563117008113027037939783.70141667971\
+570827872
+.60653065971263342360
+.36787944117144232159
+.22313016014842982893
+.17552040061699687169
+.13533528323661269189
+.03937988996342191888
+.00507231985977442865
+.00000178058250000525
+0
+0
+98928445824097165243611240348236907682258759298273030827411201.25833\
+645622510213538
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/exponent_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/functions.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/functions.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/functions.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+define x(x, y) {
+ return x - y + 5
+}
+
+define y(y, x) {
+ return x(y, x) + x(x, y)
+}
+
+y(1, 4)
+y(2, 4)
+y(3, 4)
+y(4, 3)
+y(3, 2)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/functions.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/functions_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/functions_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/functions_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+10
+10
+10
+10
+10
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/functions_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/globals.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/globals.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/globals.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+define i(x) {
+ ibase=x
+ return ibase
+}
+
+define o(x) {
+ obase=x
+ return obase
+}
+
+define r(x) {
+ scale=x
+ return scale
+}
+
+i(11)
+ibase
+o(12)
+obase
+r(15)
+scale
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/globals.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/globals_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/globals_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/globals_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+11
+11
+10
+10
+13
+13
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/globals_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/length.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/length.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/length.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+length(0)
+length(1)
+length(12)
+length(123)
+length(1234)
+length(12345)
+length(123456)
+length(1234567)
+length(12345678)
+length(123456789)
+length(1234567890)
+length(1.0)
+length(12.0)
+length(123.0)
+length(1234.0)
+length(12345.0)
+length(123456.0)
+length(1234567.0)
+length(12345678.0)
+length(123456789.0)
+length(1234567890.0)
+length(.1)
+length(.12)
+length(.123)
+length(.1234)
+length(.12345)
+length(.123456)
+length(.1234567)
+length(.12345678)
+length(.123456789)
+length(.1234567890)
+length(.01)
+length(.012)
+length(.0123)
+length(.01234)
+length(.012345)
+length(.0123456)
+length(.01234567)
+length(.012345678)
+length(.0123456789)
+length(.01234567890)
+length(.001)
+length(.0012)
+length(.00123)
+length(.001234)
+length(.0012345)
+length(.00123456)
+length(.001234567)
+length(.0012345678)
+length(.00123456789)
+length(.001234567890)
+length(.0001)
+length(.00012)
+length(.000123)
+length(.0001234)
+length(.00012345)
+length(.000123456)
+length(.0001234567)
+length(.00012345678)
+length(.000123456789)
+length(.0001234567890)
+length(.00001)
+length(.000012)
+length(.0000123)
+length(.00001234)
+length(.000012345)
+length(.0000123456)
+length(.00001234567)
+length(.000012345678)
+length(.0000123456789)
+length(.00001234567890)
+length(.000001)
+length(.0000012)
+length(.00000123)
+length(.000001234)
+length(.0000012345)
+length(.00000123456)
+length(.000001234567)
+length(.0000012345678)
+length(.00000123456789)
+length(.000001234567890)
+length(.0000001)
+length(.00000012)
+length(.000000123)
+length(.0000001234)
+length(.00000012345)
+length(.000000123456)
+length(.0000001234567)
+length(.00000012345678)
+length(.000000123456789)
+length(.0000001234567890)
+length(.00000001)
+length(.000000012)
+length(.0000000123)
+length(.00000001234)
+length(.000000012345)
+length(.0000000123456)
+length(.00000001234567)
+length(.000000012345678)
+length(.0000000123456789)
+length(.00000001234567890)
+length(.000000001)
+length(.0000000012)
+length(.00000000123)
+length(.000000001234)
+length(.0000000012345)
+length(.00000000123456)
+length(.000000001234567)
+length(.0000000012345678)
+length(.00000000123456789)
+length(.000000001234567890)
+length(.0000000001)
+length(.00000000012)
+length(.000000000123)
+length(.0000000001234)
+length(.00000000012345)
+length(.000000000123456)
+length(.0000000001234567)
+length(.00000000012345678)
+length(.000000000123456789)
+length(.0000000001234567890)
+length(289.29837)
+length(2893.00000)
+length(289.0)
+length(1802973.0000000238)
+length(.000000000000000093182394080000000000)
+a[0] = 0
+a[5] = 0
+length(a[])
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/length.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/length_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/length_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/length_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+8
+9
+4
+17
+20
+6
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/length_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/letters.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/letters.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/letters.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+A
+B
+C
+D
+E
+F
+G
+H
+I
+J
+K
+L
+M
+N
+O
+P
+Q
+R
+S
+T
+U
+V
+W
+X
+Y
+Z
+AA
+ZZ
+ibase=B
+AA
+AB
+ZZ
+ibase=G
+AA
+AB
+B0
+Y0
+Y1
+YY
+YZ
+ZE
+ZF
+ZG
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/letters.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/letters_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/letters_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/letters_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+16
+17
+18
+19
+20
+21
+22
+23
+24
+25
+26
+27
+28
+29
+30
+31
+32
+33
+34
+35
+99
+99
+120
+120
+120
+170
+171
+176
+240
+241
+255
+255
+254
+255
+255
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/letters_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/lib2.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/lib2.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/lib2.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,463 @@
+p(2, 8.0000)
+p(2, 8.0001)
+p(2, -8.0001)
+r(0, 0)
+r(0, 1)
+r(0, 100)
+r(1, 0)
+r(1, 3)
+r(1.4, 0)
+r(1.5, 0)
+r(34.45, 2)
+r(64.1223, 4)
+r(283.1983893, 6)
+r(283.1983895, 6)
+r(283.1983899, 6)
+r(99.999999999, 5)
+r(-1, 0)
+r(-1, 3)
+r(-1.4, 0)
+r(-1.5, 0)
+r(-34.45, 2)
+r(-64.1223, 4)
+r(-283.1983893, 6)
+r(-283.1983895, 6)
+r(-283.1983899, 6)
+r(-99.999999999, 5)
+ceil(0, 0)
+ceil(0, 1)
+ceil(0, 100)
+ceil(1, 0)
+ceil(1, 3)
+ceil(1.4, 0)
+ceil(1.5, 0)
+ceil(34.45, 2)
+ceil(64.1223, 4)
+ceil(283.1983893, 6)
+ceil(283.1983895, 6)
+ceil(283.1983899, 6)
+ceil(99.999999999, 5)
+ceil(-1, 0)
+ceil(-1, 3)
+ceil(-1.4, 0)
+ceil(-1.5, 0)
+ceil(-34.45, 2)
+ceil(-64.1223, 4)
+ceil(-283.1983893, 6)
+ceil(-283.1983895, 6)
+ceil(-283.1983899, 6)
+ceil(-99.999999999, 5)
+ceil(8770735.0705156250000000000, 0)
+l2(0)
+l2(1)
+l2(2)
+l2(7)
+l2(7.9999999999999999999999)
+l2(8)
+l10(0)
+l10(1)
+l10(2)
+l10(5)
+l10(9)
+l10(9.999999999999999999999)
+l10(10)
+l10(11)
+l10(99)
+l10(99.99999999999999999999)
+l10(100)
+l2(-1)
+l2(-2)
+l2(-7)
+l2(-7.9999999999999999999999)
+l2(-8)
+l10(-1)
+l10(-2)
+l10(-5)
+l10(-9)
+l10(-9.999999999999999999999)
+l10(-10)
+l10(-11)
+l10(-99)
+l10(-99.99999999999999999999)
+l10(-100)
+cbrt(27)
+cbrt(-27)
+cbrt(4096)
+cbrt(-4096)
+root(16, 4)
+root(3125, 5)
+root(-3125, 5)
+ubytes(0)
+ubytes(1)
+ubytes(2)
+ubytes(254)
+ubytes(255)
+ubytes(256)
+ubytes(65535)
+ubytes(65536)
+ubytes(131072)
+ubytes(4294967295)
+ubytes(4294967296)
+ubytes(18446744073709551615)
+ubytes(18446744073709551616)
+sbytes(0)
+sbytes(1)
+sbytes(-1)
+sbytes(2)
+sbytes(127)
+sbytes(128)
+sbytes(-127)
+sbytes(-128)
+sbytes(-129)
+sbytes(254)
+sbytes(255)
+sbytes(256)
+sbytes(32767)
+sbytes(32768)
+sbytes(-32767)
+sbytes(-32768)
+sbytes(65535)
+sbytes(65536)
+sbytes(131072)
+sbytes(2147483647)
+sbytes(2147483648)
+sbytes(2147483649)
+sbytes(-2147483647)
+sbytes(-2147483648)
+sbytes(-2147483649)
+sbytes(4294967295)
+sbytes(4294967296)
+sbytes(9223372036854775807)
+sbytes(9223372036854775808)
+sbytes(9223372036854775809)
+sbytes(-9223372036854775807)
+sbytes(-9223372036854775808)
+sbytes(-9223372036854775809)
+pi(0)
+pi(1)
+pi(2)
+pi(5)
+pi(100)
+p=pi(100)
+t(0)
+t(1)
+t(-1)
+t(2)
+t(-2)
+t(3)
+t(-3)
+t(p)
+t(-p)
+t(p/2)
+t(-p/2)
+t(p/3)
+t(-p/3)
+t(p/4)
+t(-p/4)
+t(p/5)
+t(-p/5)
+t(p/6)
+t(-p/6)
+t(p/7)
+t(-p/7)
+t(p/8)
+t(-p/8)
+t(p/9)
+t(-p/9)
+t(p/10)
+t(-p/10)
+t(p/15)
+t(-p/15)
+a2(0, 1)
+a2(1, 1)
+a2(2, 1)
+a2(1, 2)
+a2(0, -1)
+a2(1, -1)
+a2(2, -1)
+a2(1, -2)
+a2(-1, 1)
+a2(-2, 1)
+a2(-1, 2)
+a2(-1, -1)
+a2(-2, -1)
+a2(-1, -2)
+a2(1, 0)
+a2(2, 0)
+a2(-1, 0)
+a2(-2, 0)
+r2d(p)
+r2d(2 * p)
+r2d(p / 2)
+r2d(p / 4)
+r2d(p / 3)
+r2d(p / 5)
+r2d(p / 6)
+r2d(p / 10)
+r2d(-p)
+r2d(2 * -p)
+r2d(-p / 2)
+r2d(-p / 4)
+r2d(-p / 3)
+r2d(-p / 5)
+r2d(-p / 6)
+r2d(-p / 10)
+d2r(180)
+d2r(360)
+d2r(90)
+d2r(45)
+d2r(120)
+d2r(72)
+d2r(60)
+d2r(36)
+d2r(-180)
+d2r(-360)
+d2r(-90)
+d2r(-45)
+d2r(-120)
+d2r(-72)
+d2r(-60)
+d2r(-36)
+f(0)
+f(1)
+f(2)
+f(3)
+f(4)
+f(5)
+perm(10, 2)
+comb(10, 2)
+perm(6, 2)
+comb(6, 2)
+perm(12, 10)
+comb(12, 10)
+perm(24, 15)
+comb(24, 15)
+binary(0)
+hex(0)
+binary(1)
+hex(1)
+binary(2)
+hex(2)
+binary(15)
+hex(15)
+binary(16)
+hex(16)
+uint(0)
+int(0)
+uint(1)
+int(1)
+int(-1)
+uint(127)
+int(127)
+int(-127)
+uint(128)
+int(128)
+int(-128)
+uint(129)
+int(129)
+int(-129)
+uint(255)
+int(255)
+int(-255)
+uint(256)
+int(256)
+int(-256)
+uint(32767)
+int(32767)
+int(-32767)
+uint(32768)
+int(32768)
+int(-32768)
+uint(32769)
+int(32769)
+int(-32769)
+uint(65535)
+int(65535)
+int(-65535)
+uint(65536)
+int(65536)
+int(-65536)
+uint(2147483647)
+int(2147483647)
+int(-2147483647)
+uint(2147483648)
+int(2147483648)
+int(-2147483648)
+uint(2147483649)
+int(2147483649)
+int(-2147483649)
+uint(4294967295)
+int(4294967295)
+int(-4294967295)
+uint(4294967296)
+int(4294967296)
+int(-4294967296)
+uint8(0)
+int8(0)
+uint16(0)
+int16(0)
+uint32(0)
+int32(0)
+uint64(0)
+int64(0)
+uint8(1)
+int8(1)
+int8(-1)
+uint16(1)
+int16(1)
+int16(-1)
+uint32(1)
+int32(1)
+int32(-1)
+uint64(1)
+int64(1)
+int64(-1)
+uint8(127)
+int8(127)
+int8(-127)
+uint16(127)
+int16(127)
+int16(-127)
+uint32(127)
+int32(127)
+int32(-127)
+uint64(127)
+int64(127)
+int64(-127)
+uint8(128)
+int8(128)
+int8(-128)
+uint16(128)
+int16(128)
+int16(-128)
+uint32(128)
+int32(128)
+int32(-128)
+uint64(128)
+int64(128)
+int64(-128)
+uint8(129)
+int8(129)
+int8(-129)
+uint16(129)
+int16(129)
+int16(-129)
+uint32(129)
+int32(129)
+int32(-129)
+uint64(129)
+int64(129)
+int64(-129)
+uint8(255)
+int8(255)
+int8(-255)
+uint16(255)
+int16(255)
+int16(-255)
+uint32(255)
+int32(255)
+int32(-255)
+uint64(255)
+int64(255)
+int64(-255)
+uint8(256)
+int8(256)
+int8(-256)
+uint16(256)
+int16(256)
+int16(-256)
+uint32(256)
+int32(256)
+int32(-256)
+uint64(256)
+int64(256)
+int64(-256)
+uint16(32767)
+int16(32767)
+int16(-32767)
+uint32(32767)
+int32(32767)
+int32(-32767)
+uint64(32767)
+int64(32767)
+int64(-32767)
+uint16(32768)
+int16(32768)
+int16(-32768)
+uint32(32768)
+int32(32768)
+int32(-32768)
+uint64(32768)
+int64(32768)
+int64(-32768)
+uint16(32769)
+int16(32769)
+int16(-32769)
+uint32(32769)
+int32(32769)
+int32(-32769)
+uint64(32769)
+int64(32769)
+int64(-32769)
+uint16(65535)
+int16(65535)
+int16(-65535)
+uint32(65535)
+int32(65535)
+int32(-65535)
+uint64(65535)
+int64(65535)
+int64(-65535)
+uint16(65536)
+int16(65536)
+int16(-65536)
+uint32(65536)
+int32(65536)
+int32(-65536)
+uint64(65536)
+int64(65536)
+int64(-65536)
+uint32(2147483647)
+int32(2147483647)
+int32(-2147483647)
+uint64(2147483647)
+int64(2147483647)
+int64(-2147483647)
+uint32(2147483648)
+int32(2147483648)
+int32(-2147483648)
+uint64(2147483648)
+int64(2147483648)
+int64(-2147483648)
+uint32(2147483649)
+int32(2147483649)
+int32(-2147483649)
+uint64(2147483649)
+int64(2147483649)
+int64(-2147483649)
+uint32(4294967295)
+int32(4294967295)
+int32(-4294967295)
+uint64(4294967295)
+int64(4294967295)
+int64(-4294967295)
+uint32(4294967296)
+int32(4294967296)
+int32(-4294967296)
+uint64(4294967296)
+int64(4294967296)
+int64(-4294967296)
+uint(-3)
+uint(3.928375)
+int(4.000000)
+b = brand()
+b < 2
+b >= 0
+i = irand(maxrand() + 1)
+i <= maxrand()
+i >= 0
+f = frand(10)
+scale(f) == 10
+fi = ifrand(123, 28)
+scale(fi) == 28
+fi < 128
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/lib2.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/lib2_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/lib2_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/lib2_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,698 @@
+256.00000000000000000000
+256.01774518281640169821
+.00390597924876622489
+0
+0
+0
+1
+1.000
+1
+2
+34.45
+64.1223
+283.198389
+283.198390
+283.198390
+100.00000
+-1
+-1.000
+-1
+-2
+-34.45
+-64.1223
+-283.198389
+-283.198390
+-283.198390
+-100.00000
+0
+0
+0
+1
+1.000
+2
+2
+34.45
+64.1223
+283.198390
+283.198390
+283.198390
+100.00000
+-1
+-1.000
+-2
+-2
+-34.45
+-64.1223
+-283.198390
+-283.198390
+-283.198390
+-100.00000
+8770736
+-14426950408889634073599246810018921374265.01964302164603717234
+0
+1.00000000000000000000
+2.80735492205760410744
+2.99999999999999999999
+3.00000000000000000000
+-4342944819032518276511289189166050822943.53857128275332257904
+0
+.30102999566398119521
+.69897000433601880478
+.95424250943932487459
+.99999999999999999999
+1.00000000000000000000
+1.04139268515822504075
+1.99563519459754991534
+1.99999999999999999999
+2.00000000000000000000
+-14426950408889634073599246810018921374265.01964302164603717234
+-14426950408889634073599246810018921374265.01964302164603717234
+-14426950408889634073599246810018921374265.01964302164603717234
+-144269504088896340735992468100189213742664594.88013355604393225658
+-14426950408889634073599246810018921374265.01964302164603717234
+-4342944819032518276511289189166050822943.53857128275332257904
+-4342944819032518276511289189166050822943.53857128275332257904
+-4342944819032518276511289189166050822943.53857128275332257904
+-4342944819032518276511289189166050822943.53857128275332257904
+-434294481903251827651128918916605082294396.66367028674257491242
+-4342944819032518276511289189166050822943.53857128275332257904
+-4342944819032518276511289189166050822943.53857128275332257904
+-4342944819032518276511289189166050822943.53857128275332257904
+-4342944819032518276511289189166050822943.53857128275332257904
+-4342944819032518276511289189166050822943.53857128275332257904
+3.00000000000000000000
+-3.00000000000000000000
+16.00000000000000000000
+-16.00000000000000000000
+2.00000000000000000000
+5.00000000000000000000
+-5.00000000000000000000
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+2
+2
+4
+4
+4
+8
+8
+16
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+2
+1
+1
+2
+2
+2
+2
+2
+4
+2
+2
+4
+4
+4
+4
+8
+8
+4
+4
+8
+8
+8
+8
+16
+16
+8
+8
+16
+3
+3.1
+3.14
+3.14159
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+8164062862089986280348253421170679
+0
+1.55740772465490223050
+-1.55740772465490223050
+-2.18503986326151899164
+2.18503986326151899164
+-.14254654307427780529
+.14254654307427780529
+0
+0
+769230769230769230769.23076923076923076923
+-769230769230769230769.23076923076923076923
+1.73205080756887729351
+-1.73205080756887729351
+.99999999999999999998
+-.99999999999999999998
+.72654252800536088589
+-.72654252800536088589
+.57735026918962576449
+-.57735026918962576449
+.48157461880752864432
+-.48157461880752864432
+.41421356237309504879
+-.41421356237309504879
+.36397023426620236134
+-.36397023426620236134
+.32491969623290632614
+-.32491969623290632614
+.21255656167002212525
+-.21255656167002212525
+0
+.78539816339744830961
+1.10714871779409050301
+.46364760900080611621
+3.14159265358979323846
+2.35619449019234492884
+2.03444393579570273544
+2.67794504458898712224
+-.78539816339744830961
+-1.10714871779409050301
+-.46364760900080611621
+-2.35619449019234492884
+-2.03444393579570273544
+-2.67794504458898712224
+1.57079632679489661923
+1.57079632679489661923
+-1.57079632679489661923
+-1.57079632679489661923
+180.00000000000000000000
+360.00000000000000000000
+89.99999999999999999992
+44.99999999999999999967
+59.99999999999999999975
+35.99999999999999999985
+29.99999999999999999959
+17.99999999999999999964
+-180.00000000000000000000
+-360.00000000000000000000
+-89.99999999999999999992
+-44.99999999999999999967
+-59.99999999999999999975
+-35.99999999999999999985
+-29.99999999999999999959
+-17.99999999999999999964
+3.14159265358979323846
+6.28318530717958647692
+1.57079632679489661923
+.78539816339744830961
+2.09439510239319549230
+1.25663706143591729538
+1.04719755119659774615
+.62831853071795864769
+-3.14159265358979323846
+-6.28318530717958647692
+-1.57079632679489661923
+-.78539816339744830961
+-2.09439510239319549230
+-1.25663706143591729538
+-1.04719755119659774615
+-.62831853071795864769
+1
+1
+2
+6
+24
+120
+90
+45
+30
+15
+239500800
+66
+1709789466857472000
+1307504
+0
+0
+1
+1
+10
+2
+1111
+F
+10000
+10
+00000000
+00
+00000000
+00
+00000001
+01
+00000001
+01
+11111111
+FF
+01111111
+7F
+01111111
+7F
+10000001
+81
+10000000
+80
+00000000 10000000
+00 80
+10000000
+80
+10000001
+81
+00000000 10000001
+00 81
+11111111 01111111
+FF 7F
+11111111
+FF
+00000000 11111111
+00 FF
+11111111 00000001
+FF 01
+00000001 00000000
+01 00
+00000001 00000000
+01 00
+11111111 00000000
+FF 00
+01111111 11111111
+7F FF
+01111111 11111111
+7F FF
+10000000 00000001
+80 01
+10000000 00000000
+80 00
+00000000 00000000 10000000 00000000
+00 00 80 00
+10000000 00000000
+80 00
+10000000 00000001
+80 01
+00000000 00000000 10000000 00000001
+00 00 80 01
+11111111 11111111 01111111 11111111
+FF FF 7F FF
+11111111 11111111
+FF FF
+00000000 00000000 11111111 11111111
+00 00 FF FF
+11111111 11111111 00000000 00000001
+FF FF 00 01
+00000000 00000001 00000000 00000000
+00 01 00 00
+00000000 00000001 00000000 00000000
+00 01 00 00
+11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
+FF FF 00 00
+01111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
+7F FF FF FF
+01111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
+7F FF FF FF
+10000000 00000000 00000000 00000001
+80 00 00 01
+10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
+80 00 00 00
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+000
+00 00 00 00 80 00 00 00
+10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
+80 00 00 00
+10000000 00000000 00000000 00000001
+80 00 00 01
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+001
+00 00 00 00 80 00 00 01
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 01111111 11111111 11111111 11111\
+111
+FF FF FF FF 7F FF FF FF
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
+FF FF FF FF
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111\
+111
+00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+001
+FF FF FF FF 00 00 00 01
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+000
+00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+000
+00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+000
+FF FF FF FF 00 00 00 00
+00000000
+00
+00000000
+00
+00000000 00000000
+00 00
+00000000 00000000
+00 00
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
+00 00 00 00
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
+00 00 00 00
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+000
+00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+000
+00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
+00000001
+01
+00000001
+01
+11111111
+FF
+00000000 00000001
+00 01
+00000000 00000001
+00 01
+11111111 11111111
+FF FF
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001
+00 00 00 01
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001
+00 00 00 01
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
+FF FF FF FF
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+001
+00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+001
+00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111\
+111
+FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
+01111111
+7F
+01111111
+7F
+10000001
+81
+00000000 01111111
+00 7F
+00000000 01111111
+00 7F
+11111111 10000001
+FF 81
+00000000 00000000 00000000 01111111
+00 00 00 7F
+00000000 00000000 00000000 01111111
+00 00 00 7F
+11111111 11111111 11111111 10000001
+FF FF FF 81
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 01111\
+111
+00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7F
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 01111\
+111
+00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7F
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 10000\
+001
+FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 81
+10000000
+80
+Error: 128 cannot fit into 1 signed byte(s).
+10000000
+80
+00000000 10000000
+00 80
+00000000 10000000
+00 80
+11111111 10000000
+FF 80
+00000000 00000000 00000000 10000000
+00 00 00 80
+00000000 00000000 00000000 10000000
+00 00 00 80
+11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000
+FF FF FF 80
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 10000\
+000
+00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 10000\
+000
+00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 10000\
+000
+FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 80
+10000001
+81
+Error: 129 cannot fit into 1 signed byte(s).
+Error: -129 cannot fit into 1 signed byte(s).
+00000000 10000001
+00 81
+00000000 10000001
+00 81
+11111111 01111111
+FF 7F
+00000000 00000000 00000000 10000001
+00 00 00 81
+00000000 00000000 00000000 10000001
+00 00 00 81
+11111111 11111111 11111111 01111111
+FF FF FF 7F
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 10000\
+001
+00 00 00 00 00 00 00 81
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 10000\
+001
+00 00 00 00 00 00 00 81
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 01111\
+111
+FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 7F
+11111111
+FF
+Error: 255 cannot fit into 1 signed byte(s).
+Error: -255 cannot fit into 1 signed byte(s).
+00000000 11111111
+00 FF
+00000000 11111111
+00 FF
+11111111 00000001
+FF 01
+00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111
+00 00 00 FF
+00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111
+00 00 00 FF
+11111111 11111111 11111111 00000001
+FF FF FF 01
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111\
+111
+00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111\
+111
+00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000\
+001
+FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 01
+Error: 256 cannot fit into 1 unsigned byte(s).
+Error: 256 cannot fit into 1 signed byte(s).
+Error: -256 cannot fit into 1 signed byte(s).
+00000001 00000000
+01 00
+00000001 00000000
+01 00
+11111111 00000000
+FF 00
+00000000 00000000 00000001 00000000
+00 00 01 00
+00000000 00000000 00000001 00000000
+00 00 01 00
+11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
+FF FF FF 00
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 00000\
+000
+00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 00000\
+000
+00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000\
+000
+FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 00
+01111111 11111111
+7F FF
+01111111 11111111
+7F FF
+10000000 00000001
+80 01
+00000000 00000000 01111111 11111111
+00 00 7F FF
+00000000 00000000 01111111 11111111
+00 00 7F FF
+11111111 11111111 10000000 00000001
+FF FF 80 01
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 01111111 11111\
+111
+00 00 00 00 00 00 7F FF
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 01111111 11111\
+111
+00 00 00 00 00 00 7F FF
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000 00000\
+001
+FF FF FF FF FF FF 80 01
+10000000 00000000
+80 00
+Error: 32768 cannot fit into 2 signed byte(s).
+10000000 00000000
+80 00
+00000000 00000000 10000000 00000000
+00 00 80 00
+00000000 00000000 10000000 00000000
+00 00 80 00
+11111111 11111111 10000000 00000000
+FF FF 80 00
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 10000000 00000\
+000
+00 00 00 00 00 00 80 00
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 10000000 00000\
+000
+00 00 00 00 00 00 80 00
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000 00000\
+000
+FF FF FF FF FF FF 80 00
+10000000 00000001
+80 01
+Error: 32769 cannot fit into 2 signed byte(s).
+Error: -32769 cannot fit into 2 signed byte(s).
+00000000 00000000 10000000 00000001
+00 00 80 01
+00000000 00000000 10000000 00000001
+00 00 80 01
+11111111 11111111 01111111 11111111
+FF FF 7F FF
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 10000000 00000\
+001
+00 00 00 00 00 00 80 01
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 10000000 00000\
+001
+00 00 00 00 00 00 80 01
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 01111111 11111\
+111
+FF FF FF FF FF FF 7F FF
+11111111 11111111
+FF FF
+Error: 65535 cannot fit into 2 signed byte(s).
+Error: -65535 cannot fit into 2 signed byte(s).
+00000000 00000000 11111111 11111111
+00 00 FF FF
+00000000 00000000 11111111 11111111
+00 00 FF FF
+11111111 11111111 00000000 00000001
+FF FF 00 01
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111 11111\
+111
+00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111 11111\
+111
+00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000\
+001
+FF FF FF FF FF FF 00 01
+Error: 65536 cannot fit into 2 unsigned byte(s).
+Error: 65536 cannot fit into 2 signed byte(s).
+Error: -65536 cannot fit into 2 signed byte(s).
+00000000 00000001 00000000 00000000
+00 01 00 00
+00000000 00000001 00000000 00000000
+00 01 00 00
+11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
+FF FF 00 00
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 00000000 00000\
+000
+00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 00000000 00000\
+000
+00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000\
+000
+FF FF FF FF FF FF 00 00
+01111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
+7F FF FF FF
+01111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
+7F FF FF FF
+10000000 00000000 00000000 00000001
+80 00 00 01
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 01111111 11111111 11111111 11111\
+111
+00 00 00 00 7F FF FF FF
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 01111111 11111111 11111111 11111\
+111
+00 00 00 00 7F FF FF FF
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+001
+FF FF FF FF 80 00 00 01
+10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
+80 00 00 00
+Error: 2147483648 cannot fit into 4 signed byte(s).
+10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
+80 00 00 00
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+000
+00 00 00 00 80 00 00 00
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+000
+00 00 00 00 80 00 00 00
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+000
+FF FF FF FF 80 00 00 00
+10000000 00000000 00000000 00000001
+80 00 00 01
+Error: 2147483649 cannot fit into 4 signed byte(s).
+Error: -2147483649 cannot fit into 4 signed byte(s).
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+001
+00 00 00 00 80 00 00 01
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+001
+00 00 00 00 80 00 00 01
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 01111111 11111111 11111111 11111\
+111
+FF FF FF FF 7F FF FF FF
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
+FF FF FF FF
+Error: 4294967295 cannot fit into 4 signed byte(s).
+Error: -4294967295 cannot fit into 4 signed byte(s).
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111\
+111
+00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111\
+111
+00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+001
+FF FF FF FF 00 00 00 01
+Error: 4294967296 cannot fit into 4 unsigned byte(s).
+Error: 4294967296 cannot fit into 4 signed byte(s).
+Error: -4294967296 cannot fit into 4 signed byte(s).
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+000
+00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00
+00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+000
+00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00
+11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000\
+000
+FF FF FF FF 00 00 00 00
+Error: -3 is negative.
+Error: 3.928375 is not an integer.
+Error: 4.000000 is not an integer.
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/lib2_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/log.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/log.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/log.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+l(0)
+l(0.5)
+l(1)
+l(1.5)
+l(1.74)
+l(2)
+l(3.2345)
+l(5.283957)
+l(13.23857)
+l(100)
+l(283.238957)
+l(-0.5)
+l(-1)
+l(-1.5)
+l(-1.74)
+l(-2)
+l(-3.2345)
+l(-5.283957)
+l(-13.23857)
+l(-100)
+l(-283.238957)
+l(10430710.3325472917)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/log.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/log_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/log_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/log_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+-99999999999999999999.00000000000000000000
+-.69314718055994530941
+0
+.40546510810816438197
+.55388511322643765995
+.69314718055994530941
+1.17387435650190306676
+1.66467524885255369652
+2.58313453863349348434
+4.60517018598809136803
+5.64629091238730017971
+-99999999999999999999.00000000000000000000
+-99999999999999999999.00000000000000000000
+-99999999999999999999.00000000000000000000
+-99999999999999999999.00000000000000000000
+-99999999999999999999.00000000000000000000
+-99999999999999999999.00000000000000000000
+-99999999999999999999.00000000000000000000
+-99999999999999999999.00000000000000000000
+-99999999999999999999.00000000000000000000
+-99999999999999999999.00000000000000000000
+16.16026492940839137014
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/log_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+4.1*1.-13^ - 74 - 1284597623841*1.-13^ - 757
+4.1*1.\
+-1\
+3^ - 74 - 1284597623841*1.\
+-1\
+3^ - 757
+obase = 9
+4.1*1.-13^ - 74 - 1284597623841*1.-13^ - 757
+4.1*1.\
+-1\
+3^ - 74 - 1284597623841*1.\
+-1\
+3^ - 757
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc1.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc1.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc1.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+define x(x) {
+ return(x)
+}
+define y() {
+ return;
+}
+define z() {
+ return ();
+}
+scale = 0
+x=2
+x[0]=3
+x
+x[0]
+scale
+ibase
+obase
+x ( 7 )
+x + x( 8 )
+x - x[0]
+321 * x
+2 ^ x[0]
+x++
+--x
+x += 9
+x
+length(2381)
+sqrt(9)
+scale(238.1)
+x=2
+x[0]=3
+(x)
+(x[0])
+(scale)
+(ibase)
+(obase)
+(x ( 7 ))
+(x + x( 8 ))
+(x - x[0])
+(321 * x)
+(2 ^ x[0])
+(x++)
+(--x)
+(x += 9)
+(length(2381))
+(sqrt(9))
+(scale(238.1))
+(scale = 0)
+(x = 10)
+(x += 100)
+(x -= 10)
+(x *= 10)
+(x /= 100)
+(x ^= 10)
+(x = sqrt(x))
+(x[1 - 1])
+x[(1 - 1)]
+2 + \
+3
+++ibase
+--ibase
+++obase
+--obase
+++last
+--last
+last
+last = 100
+last
+. = 150
+.
+++scale
+--scale
+y()
+z()
+2 + /*
+*/3
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc1.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc1_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc1_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc1_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+2
+3
+0
+10
+10
+7
+10
+-1
+642
+8
+2
+2
+11
+4
+3
+1
+2
+3
+0
+10
+10
+7
+10
+-1
+642
+8
+2
+2
+11
+4
+3
+1
+0
+10
+110
+100
+1000
+10
+10000000000
+100000
+3
+3
+5
+11
+10
+10
+10
+11
+10
+10
+100
+150
+1
+0
+0
+0
+5
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc1_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc3.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc3.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc3.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+for (i = 0; i < A; ++i)
+{print "n"
+if(1)if(1){3
+}
+if(0)if(1){3
+}
+else 4
+if(0){if(1){3
+}}
+else 5
+{i}
+}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc3.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc3_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc3_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc3_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+n3
+5
+0
+n3
+5
+1
+n3
+5
+2
+n3
+5
+3
+n3
+5
+4
+n3
+5
+5
+n3
+5
+6
+n3
+5
+7
+n3
+5
+8
+n3
+5
+9
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc3_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc4.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc4.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc4.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+if ( 1 != 1 ) 7
+maxibase() + 1
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc4.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc4_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc4_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc4_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+37
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc4_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc5.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc5.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc5.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+if (1) {}
+else 4
+
+if (0) {}
+else 5
+
+if (1) 6
+else {}
+
+if (0) 7
+else {}
+
+{
+ if (1) if (1)
+}
+print "n\n"
+
+if (1) {
+ print "true\n"
+}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc5.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc5_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc5_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc5_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+5
+6
+n
+true
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc5_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+-1284597623836.9
+-1284597623836.9
+-4483684050181.80
+-4483684050181.80
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/misc_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/modulus.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/modulus.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/modulus.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+1 % 1
+2 % 1
+16 % 4
+15 % 4
+17 % 4
+2389473 % 5
+39240687239 % 1
+346728934 % 23958
+3496723859067234 % 298375462837546928347623059375486
+-1 % 1
+-2 % 1
+-47589634875689345 % 37869235
+-1274852934765 % 2387628935486273546
+-6324758963 % 237854962
+1 % -1
+2 % -1
+2 % -2
+2 % -3
+16 % 5
+15 % 5
+14 % 5
+89237423 % -237856923854
+123647238946 % -12467
+-1 % -1
+-2 % -1
+-2 % -2
+-2 % -3
+-13 % -7
+-14 % -7
+-15 % -7
+-12784956 % -32746
+-127849612 % -23712347682193
+1 % 0.2395672438567234
+scale = 0
+1 % 1
+2 % 1
+16 % 4
+15 % 4
+17 % 4
+2389473 % 5
+39240687239 % 1
+346728934 % 23958
+3496723859067234 % 298375462837546928347623059375486
+-1 % 1
+-2 % 1
+-47589634875689345 % 37869235
+-1274852934765 % 2387628935486273546
+-6324758963 % 237854962
+1 % -1
+2 % -1
+2 % -2
+2 % -3
+16 % 5
+15 % 5
+14 % 5
+89237423 % -237856923854
+123647238946 % -12467
+-1 % -1
+-2 % -1
+-2 % -2
+-2 % -3
+-13 % -7
+-14 % -7
+-15 % -7
+-12784956 % -32746
+-127849612 % -23712347682193
+-3191280681 % 641165986
+scale = 0; -899510228 % -2448300078.40314
+scale = 0; -7424863 % -207.2609738667
+scale = 0; 3769798918 % 0.6
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/modulus.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/modulus_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/modulus_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/modulus_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+.00000000000000002026
+2747189239559.46904933397471305894
+0
+0
+-.00000000000011057855
+-.00076922992566770712
+-.00000000000050364144
+0
+0
+0
+.00000000000000000002
+0
+0
+0
+.00000000070585524350
+.00000000000000002898
+0
+0
+0
+-.00000000000000000002
+-.00000000000000000005
+0
+-.00000000000000000002
+-.00000000000000011722
+-.00000002640923745817
+.000000000000000000000404744340951948
+0
+0
+0
+3
+1
+3
+0
+8758
+3496723859067234
+0
+0
+-8236960
+-1274852934765
+-140529951
+0
+0
+0
+2
+1
+0
+4
+89237423
+6692
+0
+0
+0
+-2
+-6
+0
+-1
+-14016
+-127849612
+-626616737
+-899510228.00000
+-153.1331732059
+.4
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/modulus_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/multiply.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/multiply.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/multiply.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+0 * 0
+0.000 * 0
+1 * 0
+0 * 1
+0 * 2498752389672835476
+873246913745129084576134 * 0
+1 * 472638590273489273456
+12374861230476103672835496 * 1
+1 * 1
+2 * 1
+1 * 2
+2 * 2
+3 * 14
+17 * 8
+1892467513846753 * 1872439821374591038746
+328962735862.2973546835638947635 * 1728465791348762356
+38745962374538.387427384672934867234 * 0.1932476528394672837568923754
+9878894576289457634856.2738627161689017387608947567654 * 37842939768237596237854203.29874372139852739126739621793162
+-1 * 1
+-1 * 2
+1 * -1
+2 * -1
+-1 * -1
+-1 * -2
+78893457 * -34876238956
+235678324957634 * -0.2349578349672389576
+-12849567821934 * 12738462937681
+1274861293467.927843682937462 * -28935678239
+2936077239872.12937462836 * -0.012842357682435762
+2387692387566.2378569237546 * -272189345628.123875629835876
+0.012348629356782835962 * -23487692356
+0.4768349567348675934 * -0.23756834576934857638495
+0.98748395367485962735486 * -4675839462354867.376834956738456
+-321784627934586 * -235762378596
+-32578623567892356 * -0.32567384579638456
+-35768232346876 * -2348672935602387620.28375682349576237856
+-0.2356728394765234 * -238759624356978
+-0.2345768212346780 * -0.235768124697074385948943532045
+-0.370873860736785306278630 * -7835678398607.7086378076867096270
+-78365713707.7089637863786730 * -738580798679306780
+-73867038956790490258249 * -0.7379862716391723672803679
+-378621971598721837710387 * -98465373878350798.09743896037963078560
+37164201 * 2931559660
+679468076118972457796560530571.46287161642138401685 * 93762.2836
+.000000000000000000000000001 * .0000000000000000000000001
+scale = 0; 237854962 * -26
+scale = 20; -989840367 * -604515309.000000000000000000000000000934882580147931989975995184020932681975029644558793192923907
+scale = 20; 623151276.1106104320046667401793737969130124845763706302869482103753909 * -605483272.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001214399683339235971324443660465351061300645722062237312361947
+scale = 20; -4036255151 * -107387984.0000000000000000000000000000000000000211170318819607129506079448130618538050115777171523510326383
+scale = 19; 207225741.422284845290215111137445727462936392828872808516127361319675 * -1915632919.00000000000000000001200266819789205382734342543620744656564870683107249138254072
+scale = 4; -3700694776.00000000000000000000000001187600351487950366746489017325409746844911432455524847144387 * 3138176186.1604970875815488831816899415825759179598942878342303599901133
+scale = 4; 2471252773 * -2993804686
+scale = 5; -4136888605.1006664686088985948377077150956015758460597074849621165317181 * -356481995.883644326721780591302331282263396633424696084971708651216219
+scale = 10; -1226031704.000000000000000000000000000001604564576253363548680043729535457438899040946479243020383986 * -1255956056
+scale = 19; 1916023355.00000000000000000000000000000000000590795041191824027930567027047057471024023798017409006012644 * -3373891612
+scale = 22; 579072526.647812809110145427578413082391478903947155934872093047795435 * -2359518757
+scale = 16; 3426351583 * -1097923200.1397570019820419234583136053292187927164488359163611530503423
+scale = 29; 2500140133 * 2519408882.136359515749313850856768153433872015185470839039102302348122
+scale = 26; -2643644458 * -1308250843
+scale = 1; -1657954173 * 3046852834.163701388468236163905483103301582741070980569231164917728216
+scale = 19; -2350345163 * 1973064755
+scale = 23; -847296455 * 0
+scale = 32; -340132470 * 0
+scale = 30; 0 * -898777681
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/multiply.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/multiply_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/multiply_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/multiply_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+472638590273489273456
+12374861230476103672835496
+1
+2
+2
+4
+42
+136
+3543531533584430580556128344529291738
+568600835566479683035874339053.4411638427543228060
+7487566285885.8557453089005171423976251098
+373846412427291014394738378015501363938345620046.7869650248829232267\
+2297002026819
+-1
+-2
+-1
+-2
+1
+2
+-2751507058396910892
+-55374468980751.0837656919743223184
+-163683743464924630346895054
+-36888976187143312550878.567134791289418
+-37706154097.69662826215753378160
+-649904428532907022680241.94791869424754101064
+-290040807.350385412976669306472
+-.11328089187650139309272
+-4617316439035114.40320367843985107357898
+75864709277486862054521256
+10610005628108234.92015040406042336
+84007879267445533366251128067927.91168012197674537856
+56269158624557.1027018519702852
+.055305737239900889424090264801
+2906048299183.472237078104362540110129
+57879411419313585866282299201.3825582163029400
+54512860676747314187949.9414724679950990587298071
+37281153992026463004361915151761464058058.54968338992209002720
+108949072447731660
+63708478450213482928510139572007971.83536929222529239687
+0
+-6184229012
+598373655317678403.0000000000000000009253845162355359152488793941415\
+12541608457628205955407160901907953869
+-377307673610427838.287519137113381113465954298538150423110843701312\
+63603041103236754712381166109996409858143288621328522821527713676934\
+622001341437
+433445303575505584.0000000000000000000000000000852337287073951516265\
+237258332446395020869301754929979072465074948833
+-396968451932710729.832758175488621830920257166881504044017181955086\
+43506193467199715507328434681876
+-11613432218291755069.5762524259791142629353752893708044134847560553\
+8136567321175929541134735412916995398760
+-7398448132097894278
+1474726306694590904.736489533186588598709217518359873918376540725558\
+9059364344850
+1539841943486799424.000000000000000000002015262596788485739334351728\
+454883837115500449322577149746998662119216
+-6464455125830598260.00000000000000000000000001993278433888289570814\
+993810957844330769886942619318475359317157542128
+-1366332488288896656.12024861536905075619688089083311576513457394212\
+2626381474295
+-3761870894811282224.97650348201375765613020604657735333908053129235\
+37456182968609
+6298875257665779203.841305125739782495076325186750781083182842822393\
+239949380226
+3458550090770778094
+-5051542370918585682.13680622589660768869984918306341072395872527699\
+8697397045368
+-4637383203200030065
+0
+0
+0
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/multiply_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/pi.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/pi.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/pi.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+for (i = 0; i <= 100; ++i) {
+ scale = i
+ 4 * a(1)
+}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/pi.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/pi_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/pi_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/pi_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+0
+2.8
+3.12
+3.140
+3.1412
+3.14156
+3.141592
+3.1415924
+3.14159264
+3.141592652
+3.1415926532
+3.14159265356
+3.141592653588
+3.1415926535896
+3.14159265358976
+3.141592653589792
+3.1415926535897932
+3.14159265358979320
+3.141592653589793236
+3.1415926535897932384
+3.14159265358979323844
+3.141592653589793238460
+3.1415926535897932384624
+3.14159265358979323846264
+3.141592653589793238462640
+3.1415926535897932384626432
+3.14159265358979323846264336
+3.141592653589793238462643380
+3.1415926535897932384626433832
+3.14159265358979323846264338324
+3.141592653589793238462643383276
+3.1415926535897932384626433832792
+3.14159265358979323846264338327948
+3.141592653589793238462643383279500
+3.1415926535897932384626433832795028
+3.14159265358979323846264338327950288
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884
+3.1415926535897932384626433832795028840
+3.14159265358979323846264338327950288416
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884196
+3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841968
+3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197168
+3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971692
+3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716936
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169396
+3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693992
+3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939936
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399372
+3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993748
+3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937508
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375104
+3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751056
+3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510580
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820
+3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058208
+3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582096
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820972
+3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209748
+3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097492
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944
+3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749444
+3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494456
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592
+3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445920
+3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510582097494459228
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592304
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+6
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+80
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+816
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+8164
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+81640
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+816404
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+8164060
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+81640628
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+816406284
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+8164062860
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+81640628620
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+816406286208
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+8164062862088
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+81640628620896
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+816406286208996
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+8164062862089984
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+81640628620899860
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+816406286208998628
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+8164062862089986280
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+81640628620899862800
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+816406286208998628032
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+8164062862089986280348
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+81640628620899862803480
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+816406286208998628034824
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+8164062862089986280348252
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+81640628620899862803482532
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+816406286208998628034825340
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+8164062862089986280348253420
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+81640628620899862803482534208
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+816406286208998628034825342116
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+8164062862089986280348253421168
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+81640628620899862803482534211704
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+816406286208998628034825342117064
+3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307\
+8164062862089986280348253421170676
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/pi_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/places.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/places.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/places.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+0 @ 0
+1 @ 0
+2 @ 0
+0.0023896 @ 0
+1.298346 @ 0
+2.00000000 @ 0
+0.0023896 @ 3
+1.298346 @ 4
+2.00000000 @ 5
+289 @ 3
+18.34 @ 6
+-183.1 @ 0
+-23.238 @ 8
+-343.23 @ 2
+x = 89136.892348976
+x @= 7
+x
+-.1897263 @ 0
+.1982365 @ 0
+.0 @ 2
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/places.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/places_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/places_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/places_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+0
+1
+2
+0
+1
+2
+.002
+1.2983
+2.00000
+289.000
+18.340000
+-183
+-23.23800000
+-343.23
+89136.8923489
+0
+0
+0
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/places_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/posix_errors.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/posix_errors.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/posix_errors.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+aa = 0
+# This is a comment.
+while (q==0) { ++q; continue; }
+last
+print "i: ", i
+halt
+define x(e) { return 0; }
+define x(e) { return 4*(e+e); }
+define x(e) { return (e+e)*4; }
+limits
+.
+if (q!=0) { x=3; } else { x=4; }
+x<=0
+while (q!=0 && x==0) { ++q; }
+while (q!=0 || x==0) { ++q; }
+while (!q) { ++q; }
+for (; x<0; ++x) { y += 1; }
+for (x=0;; ++x) { y += 1; }
+for (x=0; x<0;) { y += 1; }
+for (x=0;;) { y += 1; }
+for (; x<0;) { y += 1; }
+for (;; ++x) { y += 1; }
+for (;;) { y += 1; }
+3e2981
+9.892108e-20
+obase = 0
+obase = 1
+define void a(e) { "stuff" }
+maxibase()
+maxobase()
+maxscale()
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/posix_errors.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/power.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/power.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/power.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+0 ^ 0
+0 ^ 1
+0 ^ 1894
+1 ^ 0
+39746823 ^ 0
+0.238672983047682 ^ 0
+18394762374689237468.97354862973846 ^ 0
+1 ^ 1
+2 ^ 1
+18927361346 ^ 1
+0.23523785962738592635777 ^ 1
+328956734869213746.89782398457234 ^ 1
+8937 ^ 98
+0.124876812394 ^ 2396
+93762.2836 ^ 13
+1 ^ -1
+2 ^ -1
+10 ^ -1
+683734768 ^ -1
+38579623756.897937568235 ^ -1
+1 ^ -32467
+2 ^ -53
+23897 ^ -213
+-1 ^ 1
+-1 ^ 2
+-2 ^ 1
+-2 ^ 2
+-237 ^ 294
+-3746 ^ 28
+-0.3548 ^ 35
+-4267.234 ^ 37
+-326.3246 ^ 78
+-1 ^ -1
+-1 ^ -2
+-2 ^ -1
+-2 ^ -2
+-237 ^ -293
+-784 ^ -23
+-86 ^ -7
+-0.23424398 ^ -781
+-178.234786 ^ -879
+-1274.346 ^ -768
+-0.2959371298 ^ 227
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/power.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/power_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/power_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/power_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+1
+0
+0
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+2
+18927361346
+.23523785962738592635777
+328956734869213746.89782398457234
+16473742664221279051571200630760751138799221376964991600670000200609\
+08006052596520320731708604393844468006290371918262741885989163144389\
+39367835091560809036359941703341471396407660150658436796925310445979\
+21333166245765946557344383284626113908419359990042883048537750217279\
+17481980123593363177308481941550382845381799410533956718500484099889\
+610805653325917409549921909941664118421333562129
+0
+43287877285033571298394739716218787350087163435619825150259705419.98\
+016445740928054425
+1.00000000000000000000
+.50000000000000000000
+.10000000000000000000
+.00000000146255543348
+.00000000002592041867
+1.00000000000000000000
+.00000000000000011102
+0
+-1
+1
+-2
+4
+14997322375665265051328725757939209353051902095893907150382724666290\
+49749481660976421019742616298227588464420182758442163654172400528243\
+00885441207762486233574213374503090372518590691583139696652847404883\
+08573912261119588874308960204159666762789603037188471170006223907416\
+60492840269152716750700089148882139254399347568222390231015487895905\
+73727080561379177721440905866857248917982113340543176658480139248897\
+54802503253413282808814063861470711399810899724515727713334909764746\
+27910290211411231279325882505708287941671508154740003122373284699097\
+78346501539634198926772266511968381368929692275950529960923432771985\
+12597189390708050983487158873301681237787429436264801751664042999180\
+3448659818912436089
+11478830555358864333472551120140548480416206583184496764727387456058\
+792742209537931243951391229607936
+-.00000000000000017759
+-2067373624686414405470850679965010694114490999957199847684803894306\
+56243666149296582304582679590231948238805965642713928910384741502707\
+.23224479257866798694
+11606078892843496082360561256965139908586179418605021706789617179085\
+85768049299693425729565480314913006780973928345684673490252494674985\
+0186164225375953066263609289359900615361965737717208159874390.293769\
+70206344604971
+-1.00000000000000000000
+1.00000000000000000000
+-.50000000000000000000
+.25000000000000000000
+0
+0
+-.00000000000002874159
+-1945134149489344891879057554905782841936258356736314337975569799825\
+94091939572752348215929683891336730843553721422164737465108229034947\
+87333189564755763444242676978610321731298729194092653999616928308494\
+26419468484566422775668903315088810746121307679948574976162519479931\
+18935243698160094347216562490000767121041786977792546155155934655909\
+14123833869470494708767968978717730012864171105540029928688274136791\
+98175053824022144065005509214813689232148489884560100200475909009813\
+340098100705258138.98542904577525702068
+0
+0
+0
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/power_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/print2.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/print2.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/print2.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+define prnt(i) {
+
+ obase = i - 1
+ a
+ b
+ c
+
+ obase = i
+ a
+ b
+ c
+
+ return i
+}
+
+define prnt2(i) {
+
+ obase = i + 1
+ a
+ b
+ c
+
+ print "\n"
+
+ return i * 10
+}
+
+a = 999999999999999999999999999999999999
+b = a + 1
+c = b + 1
+
+i = 100
+i = prnt(i)
+
+if (i + 1 <= maxobase()) {
+ i = prnt2(i)
+}
+else {
+ print " 084 044 021 047 096 073 015 052 088 014 072 097 047 021 094 051 083\e\n 000\n"
+ print " 084 044 021 047 096 073 015 052 088 014 072 097 047 021 094 051 083\e\n 001\n"
+ print " 084 044 021 047 096 073 015 052 088 014 072 097 047 021 094 051 083\e\n 002\n"
+ print "\n"
+ i *= 10
+}
+
+if (i <= maxobase()) {
+ i = prnt(i)
+}
+else {
+ print " 001 012 066 220 495 792 924 792 495 220 066 012 000\n"
+ print " 001 012 066 220 495 792 924 792 495 220 066 012 001\n"
+ print " 001 012 066 220 495 792 924 792 495 220 066 012 002\n"
+ print " 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999\n"
+ print " 001 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000\n"
+ print " 001 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001\n"
+}
+
+if (i + 1 <= maxobase()) {
+ i = prnt2(i)
+}
+else {
+ print " 0989 0065 0781 0494 0209 0923 0209 0494 0781 0065 0989 0000\n"
+ print " 0989 0065 0781 0494 0209 0923 0209 0494 0781 0065 0989 0001\n"
+ print " 0989 0065 0781 0494 0209 0923 0209 0494 0781 0065 0989 0002\n"
+ print "\n"
+ i *= 10
+}
+
+if (i <= maxobase()) {
+ i = prnt(i)
+}
+else {
+ print " 0001 0009 0036 0084 0126 0126 0084 0036 0009 0000\n"
+ print " 0001 0009 0036 0084 0126 0126 0084 0036 0009 0001\n"
+ print " 0001 0009 0036 0084 0126 0126 0084 0036 0009 0002\n"
+ print " 9999 9999 9999 9999 9999 9999 9999 9999 9999\n"
+ print " 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000\n"
+ print " 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001\n"
+}
+
+if (i + 1 <= maxobase()) {
+ i = prnt2(i)
+}
+else {
+ print " 09992 00035 09917 00125 09875 00083 09965 00008 09999\n"
+ print " 09992 00035 09917 00125 09875 00083 09965 00008 10000\n"
+ print " 09992 00035 09917 00125 09875 00083 09965 00009 00000\n"
+ print "\n"
+ i *= 10
+}
+
+if (i <= maxobase()) {
+ i = prnt(i)
+}
+else {
+ print " 00010 00070 00210 00350 00350 00210 00070 00009\n"
+ print " 00010 00070 00210 00350 00350 00210 00070 00010\n"
+ print " 00010 00070 00210 00350 00350 00210 00070 00011\n"
+ print " 00009 99999 99999 99999 99999 99999 99999 99999\n"
+ print " 00010 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000\n"
+ print " 00010 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00001\n"
+}
+
+if (i + 1 <= maxobase()) {
+ i = prnt2(i)
+}
+else {
+ print " 000009 099931 000209 099651 000349 099791 000069 099990\n"
+ print " 000009 099931 000209 099651 000349 099791 000069 099991\n"
+ print " 000009 099931 000209 099651 000349 099791 000069 099992\n"
+ print "\n"
+ i *= 10
+}
+
+if (i <= maxobase()) {
+ i = prnt(i)
+}
+else {
+ print " 000001 000006 000015 000020 000015 000006 000000\n"
+ print " 000001 000006 000015 000020 000015 000006 000001\n"
+ print " 000001 000006 000015 000020 000015 000006 000002\n"
+ print " 999999 999999 999999 999999 999999 999999\n"
+ print " 000001 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000\n"
+ print " 000001 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000001\n"
+}
+
+if (i + 1 <= maxobase()) {
+ i = prnt2(i)
+}
+else {
+ print " 0999995 0000014 0999981 0000014 0999995 0000000\n"
+ print " 0999995 0000014 0999981 0000014 0999995 0000001\n"
+ print " 0999995 0000014 0999981 0000014 0999995 0000002\n"
+ print "\n"
+ i *= 10
+}
+
+if (i <= maxobase()) {
+ i = prnt(i)
+}
+else {
+ print " 0000010 0000050 0000100 0000100 0000050 0000009\n"
+ print " 0000010 0000050 0000100 0000100 0000050 0000010\n"
+ print " 0000010 0000050 0000100 0000100 0000050 0000011\n"
+ print " 0000009 9999999 9999999 9999999 9999999 9999999\n"
+ print " 0000010 0000000 0000000 0000000 0000000 0000000\n"
+ print " 0000010 0000000 0000000 0000000 0000000 0000001\n"
+}
+
+if (i + 1 <= maxobase()) {
+ i = prnt2(i)
+}
+else {
+ print " 00000009 09999951 00000099 09999901 00000049 09999990\n"
+ print " 00000009 09999951 00000099 09999901 00000049 09999991\n"
+ print " 00000009 09999951 00000099 09999901 00000049 09999992\n"
+ print "\n"
+ i *= 10
+}
+
+if (i <= maxobase()) {
+ i = prnt(i)
+}
+else {
+ print " 00010000 00040000 00060000 00040000 00009999\n"
+ print " 00010000 00040000 00060000 00040000 00010000\n"
+ print " 00010000 00040000 00060000 00040000 00010001\n"
+ print " 00009999 99999999 99999999 99999999 99999999\n"
+ print " 00010000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000\n"
+ print " 00010000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001\n"
+}
+
+if (i + 1 <= maxobase()) {
+ i = prnt2(i)
+}
+else {
+ print " 000009999 099960001 000059999 099960001 000009999\n"
+ print " 000009999 099960001 000059999 099960001 000010000\n"
+ print " 000009999 099960001 000059999 099960001 000010001\n"
+ print "\n"
+ i *= 10
+}
+
+if (i <= maxobase()) {
+ i = prnt(i)
+}
+else {
+ print " 000000001 000000004 000000006 000000004 000000000\n"
+ print " 000000001 000000004 000000006 000000004 000000001\n"
+ print " 000000001 000000004 000000006 000000004 000000002\n"
+ print " 999999999 999999999 999999999 999999999\n"
+ print " 000000001 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000\n"
+ print " 000000001 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000001\n"
+}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/print2.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/print2_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/print2_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/print2_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+ 01 19 62 55 79 46 79 96 00 60 26 35 38 84 98 25 54 18 00
+ 01 19 62 55 79 46 79 96 00 60 26 35 38 84 98 25 54 18 01
+ 01 19 62 55 79 46 79 96 00 60 26 35 38 84 98 25 54 18 02
+ 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99
+ 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
+ 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01
+ 084 044 021 047 096 073 015 052 088 014 072 097 047 021 094 051 083\
+ 000
+ 084 044 021 047 096 073 015 052 088 014 072 097 047 021 094 051 083\
+ 001
+ 084 044 021 047 096 073 015 052 088 014 072 097 047 021 094 051 083\
+ 002
+
+ 001 012 066 220 495 792 924 792 495 220 066 012 000
+ 001 012 066 220 495 792 924 792 495 220 066 012 001
+ 001 012 066 220 495 792 924 792 495 220 066 012 002
+ 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999
+ 001 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
+ 001 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001
+ 0989 0065 0781 0494 0209 0923 0209 0494 0781 0065 0989 0000
+ 0989 0065 0781 0494 0209 0923 0209 0494 0781 0065 0989 0001
+ 0989 0065 0781 0494 0209 0923 0209 0494 0781 0065 0989 0002
+
+ 0001 0009 0036 0084 0126 0126 0084 0036 0009 0000
+ 0001 0009 0036 0084 0126 0126 0084 0036 0009 0001
+ 0001 0009 0036 0084 0126 0126 0084 0036 0009 0002
+ 9999 9999 9999 9999 9999 9999 9999 9999 9999
+ 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
+ 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001
+ 09992 00035 09917 00125 09875 00083 09965 00008 09999
+ 09992 00035 09917 00125 09875 00083 09965 00008 10000
+ 09992 00035 09917 00125 09875 00083 09965 00009 00000
+
+ 00010 00070 00210 00350 00350 00210 00070 00009
+ 00010 00070 00210 00350 00350 00210 00070 00010
+ 00010 00070 00210 00350 00350 00210 00070 00011
+ 00009 99999 99999 99999 99999 99999 99999 99999
+ 00010 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000
+ 00010 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00001
+ 000009 099931 000209 099651 000349 099791 000069 099990
+ 000009 099931 000209 099651 000349 099791 000069 099991
+ 000009 099931 000209 099651 000349 099791 000069 099992
+
+ 000001 000006 000015 000020 000015 000006 000000
+ 000001 000006 000015 000020 000015 000006 000001
+ 000001 000006 000015 000020 000015 000006 000002
+ 999999 999999 999999 999999 999999 999999
+ 000001 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000
+ 000001 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000001
+ 0999995 0000014 0999981 0000014 0999995 0000000
+ 0999995 0000014 0999981 0000014 0999995 0000001
+ 0999995 0000014 0999981 0000014 0999995 0000002
+
+ 0000010 0000050 0000100 0000100 0000050 0000009
+ 0000010 0000050 0000100 0000100 0000050 0000010
+ 0000010 0000050 0000100 0000100 0000050 0000011
+ 0000009 9999999 9999999 9999999 9999999 9999999
+ 0000010 0000000 0000000 0000000 0000000 0000000
+ 0000010 0000000 0000000 0000000 0000000 0000001
+ 00000009 09999951 00000099 09999901 00000049 09999990
+ 00000009 09999951 00000099 09999901 00000049 09999991
+ 00000009 09999951 00000099 09999901 00000049 09999992
+
+ 00010000 00040000 00060000 00040000 00009999
+ 00010000 00040000 00060000 00040000 00010000
+ 00010000 00040000 00060000 00040000 00010001
+ 00009999 99999999 99999999 99999999 99999999
+ 00010000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
+ 00010000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001
+ 000009999 099960001 000059999 099960001 000009999
+ 000009999 099960001 000059999 099960001 000010000
+ 000009999 099960001 000059999 099960001 000010001
+
+ 000000001 000000004 000000006 000000004 000000000
+ 000000001 000000004 000000006 000000004 000000001
+ 000000001 000000004 000000006 000000004 000000002
+ 999999999 999999999 999999999 999999999
+ 000000001 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000000
+ 000000001 000000000 000000000 000000000 000000001
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/print2_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/rand.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/rand.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/rand.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+print "Gathering array...\n"
+
+s = seed
+
+sum = 0
+
+for (i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+ a[i] = rand()
+ sum += a[i]
+ b[i] = irand(sum)
+}
+
+print "Testing implementation...\n"
+
+if (maxrand() >= 2^64 - 1) {
+
+ seed = 54.86785590782347282592869373784717814475564948862907968939359536927733440\
+ 901359008180088183692646452982444316148757934570312500000
+
+ ibase = G
+ obase = G
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {
+ rand()
+ }
+
+ seed = 0.2890120
+
+ rand()
+
+ 7B47F409
+ BA1D3330
+ 83D2F293
+ BFA4784B
+ CBED606E
+ BFC6A3AD
+ 812FFF6D
+ E61F305A
+ F9384B90
+ 32DB86FE
+ 1DC035F9
+ ED786826
+ 3822441D
+ 2BA113D7
+ 1C5B818B
+ A233956A
+ 84DA65E3
+ CED67292
+ B2C0FE06
+ 91817130
+
+ 55FE8917
+ 47E92091
+ 486AF299
+ B1E882BB
+ C261E845
+ 1A9B90F6
+ 7964E884
+ 5F36D7A4
+ 1EE2052D
+ 8519F5D5
+ 293D4E4F
+ 6D8F99FC
+ C3421509
+ A06CD7C6
+ E43064D3
+ E20F9BF0
+ 401B50B7
+ 8EF1FF3E
+ E357E2B2
+ A4AEEE37
+
+ 2AD4426A
+ 9D11BE94
+ 7290C556
+ 6E6F3787
+ 050C2EE3
+ 4FD73703
+ C6FF478B
+ 4B1CA1E1
+ 1654EA91
+ CD08B2F2
+ F7FF3DA8
+ 78B1B8DA
+ A100602C
+ 9588585F
+ DA028873
+ 66B4F376
+ 0E6B4B9A
+ 48167094
+ 0D58CDA0
+ 8F7238BE
+
+ F79983F3
+ 07E5D324
+ AD78DF52
+ 1532BA74
+ 1E4899E2
+ 6C75DF64
+ 171DDC36
+ F2D8D74A
+ 24E6D907
+ 4780FD32
+ 9ADF408C
+ A25544CF
+ EFC6A738
+ 1AA23A54
+ C5A13EBB
+ F739EDC9
+ C3A015FA
+ 3D5E1511
+ AFC4D7FB
+ 3F413B5E
+
+ 4660CB73
+ 88FC773F
+ D6BED59C
+ 63B3B54A
+ D67D3DDE
+ 23394F8B
+ 13384B44
+ DD8B3ABC
+ FF59A21E
+ 3BB16D7E
+ 6E01CB68
+ EC34790E
+ B26C42AD
+ D723C830
+ DFD10FCA
+ 7E362AA1
+ 826FF323
+ CB8F63B5
+ 9B3227E5
+ 9A61E339
+
+ 40BDACF
+}
+else {
+
+ ibase = G
+ obase = G
+
+ 86B1DA1D72062B68
+ 1304AA46C9853D39
+ A3670E9E0DD50358
+ F9090E529A7DAE00
+ C85B9FD837996F2C
+ 606121F8E3919196
+ 7CE1C7FF478354BA
+ CBC4AC70E541310E
+ 74BE71999EC37F2C
+ B81F9C99A934F1A7
+ 120E9901A900C97F
+ 0F983BAD4B19F493
+ 5934619363660D96
+ D5A7FE2717A2014E
+ 6E437241C9E6676E
+ 6A75C9DD6329CD29
+ 2D9E477683673437
+ 51FB0CF3D4405437
+ 217BB90392D08B20
+ 47C528A018B07A82
+
+ 1B4E474C418C835E
+ BDB2BDA74A119ED6
+ C6DB79D0B9E43493
+ C3CF4834E94A41D1
+ AB8312FC7877C7DC
+ 094B108133E8B5EC
+ 37CA97AC830113BD
+ EF02D7347F9192BF
+ 959517DD9896C53A
+ 7A80EB7629EFE9F9
+ AE53C23F2B1CF57C
+ CA605CD189F6D5CD
+ 921C2704886A9622
+ B68C9FBF826AF7AA
+ 73F8C733124772C3
+ 6B57F7E459EFBCDF
+ 9DE7696DDB6B8E18
+ 02CA67560DC26877
+ A24E353080777DEC
+ 4D600156763FD65C
+
+ 5CDF9C7E26DD2C38
+ 6A32443BBBB16774
+ 3D8415FFECFB8B7F
+ 3090ED9C475635A3
+ 6DBF241361C3E652
+ 2CA9EF5A2AD971FC
+ 44FBE937A1CF0FFC
+ DB17CF0577CB7853
+ AA3747D98D31B24C
+ 5D9A104C5D7F43F7
+ BAE65E3E293B2C7B
+ 16A396F0DB4EF984
+ 6DD2BACDC4445A05
+ 7B7A13D1858E5CA8
+ F73722BCAA52447C
+ 31A2C7BBE77CBA00
+ 7FC8AF9003BA1ACE
+ 5703F11DD3F235EF
+ FA1952267EF836C7
+ BBFA558C9E2D51E2
+
+ 3A29661D8145AF36
+ 608DEA6358DABD7C
+ 9E34E9E53431B447
+ 325A05E35EA524EB
+ 63A87CCF0C80ABB1
+ 8EA183287A46F292
+ E2AA5F119CBF2A08
+ 2F3BEB0DE8B730C8
+ 4B8006A928CF8F5B
+ 57B8BA85069C201C
+ 3422D962DDF59474
+ FD744940BA7366A1
+ 23D24B06B5DA4F6F
+ AA187C608319D1DC
+ DC60CA6FEA738B8A
+ C9FC61DF96A769FE
+ 82E2457708658A20
+ 2BECEC9B3E7D93EC
+ 1340DAEC04588952
+ F533446AD5C50B1D
+
+ 31FD1C7F434A62CE
+ D16DAEDD1F281A39
+ 6B5D9648931D7057
+ 62FEE3392DBB06D5
+ 0358BC87B00DF25A
+ F3C882D22946175D
+ 65BA8F11B4516EFE
+ 2DA5A96E626DA4FE
+ DCC669F4CD6121F0
+ 7A47FAC054319CA2
+ 9661CFEE277284C8
+ 01E483A14F4EB23A
+ ADDC115507390607
+ 5AB47C343BD3B0BD
+ 4882FB3A3957B11F
+ 615B7C9C3626DD44
+ F79CF49562969219
+ 88C32C194EA78D27
+ DA8AFFE1353FF352
+ A7A3C331A64CB146
+
+ A1F53517A7BE0CAA
+
+ ibase = A
+
+ seed = 54.0950779151573258314404657465246373249101452529430389404296875000
+
+ ibase = G
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {
+ rand()
+ }
+
+ seed = 0.2890120
+
+ rand()
+}
+
+print "Testing array...\n"
+
+ibase = A
+
+seed = s
+
+sum = 0
+
+for (i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+ a[i] == rand()
+ sum += a[i]
+ b[i] == irand(sum)
+}
+
+print "Exercising irand()...\n"
+
+scale = 256
+
+pow = (maxrand() + 1) ^ 4
+s = 2^256 + 2^128 + (irand(pow) / pow)
+seed = s
+seed < s
+
+s = -459.125
+seed = s
+seed == -s
+
+irand(0)
+irand(1)
+seed == -s
+irand(maxrand() + 1) <= maxrand()
+
+for (i = 0; i < 200; ++i) {
+ irand(20) < 20
+}
+
+seed = 738
+seed != 738
+
+s = 2398@0625
+seed = s
+seed != s
+
+pow = (maxrand() + 1) ^ 4
+s = 2^2560 + 2^128 + (irand(pow) / pow)
+seed = s
+seed < s
+
+b = 0
+m = maxrand() + 1
+n = m + 1
+
+for (i = 0; !b && i < 100; ++i) {
+ c = irand(n)
+ b = (c != 0 && c != m)
+ if (c >= n) print "irand() result is too large.\n"
+}
+
+b
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/rand.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/rand_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/rand_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/rand_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,616 @@
+Gathering array...
+Testing implementation...
+86B1DA1D72062B68
+1304AA46C9853D39
+A3670E9E0DD50358
+F9090E529A7DAE00
+C85B9FD837996F2C
+606121F8E3919196
+7CE1C7FF478354BA
+CBC4AC70E541310E
+74BE71999EC37F2C
+B81F9C99A934F1A7
+120E9901A900C97F
+F983BAD4B19F493
+5934619363660D96
+D5A7FE2717A2014E
+6E437241C9E6676E
+6A75C9DD6329CD29
+2D9E477683673437
+51FB0CF3D4405437
+217BB90392D08B20
+47C528A018B07A82
+1B4E474C418C835E
+BDB2BDA74A119ED6
+C6DB79D0B9E43493
+C3CF4834E94A41D1
+AB8312FC7877C7DC
+94B108133E8B5EC
+37CA97AC830113BD
+EF02D7347F9192BF
+959517DD9896C53A
+7A80EB7629EFE9F9
+AE53C23F2B1CF57C
+CA605CD189F6D5CD
+921C2704886A9622
+B68C9FBF826AF7AA
+73F8C733124772C3
+6B57F7E459EFBCDF
+9DE7696DDB6B8E18
+2CA67560DC26877
+A24E353080777DEC
+4D600156763FD65C
+5CDF9C7E26DD2C38
+6A32443BBBB16774
+3D8415FFECFB8B7F
+3090ED9C475635A3
+6DBF241361C3E652
+2CA9EF5A2AD971FC
+44FBE937A1CF0FFC
+DB17CF0577CB7853
+AA3747D98D31B24C
+5D9A104C5D7F43F7
+BAE65E3E293B2C7B
+16A396F0DB4EF984
+6DD2BACDC4445A05
+7B7A13D1858E5CA8
+F73722BCAA52447C
+31A2C7BBE77CBA00
+7FC8AF9003BA1ACE
+5703F11DD3F235EF
+FA1952267EF836C7
+BBFA558C9E2D51E2
+3A29661D8145AF36
+608DEA6358DABD7C
+9E34E9E53431B447
+325A05E35EA524EB
+63A87CCF0C80ABB1
+8EA183287A46F292
+E2AA5F119CBF2A08
+2F3BEB0DE8B730C8
+4B8006A928CF8F5B
+57B8BA85069C201C
+3422D962DDF59474
+FD744940BA7366A1
+23D24B06B5DA4F6F
+AA187C608319D1DC
+DC60CA6FEA738B8A
+C9FC61DF96A769FE
+82E2457708658A20
+2BECEC9B3E7D93EC
+1340DAEC04588952
+F533446AD5C50B1D
+31FD1C7F434A62CE
+D16DAEDD1F281A39
+6B5D9648931D7057
+62FEE3392DBB06D5
+358BC87B00DF25A
+F3C882D22946175D
+65BA8F11B4516EFE
+2DA5A96E626DA4FE
+DCC669F4CD6121F0
+7A47FAC054319CA2
+9661CFEE277284C8
+1E483A14F4EB23A
+ADDC115507390607
+5AB47C343BD3B0BD
+4882FB3A3957B11F
+615B7C9C3626DD44
+F79CF49562969219
+88C32C194EA78D27
+DA8AFFE1353FF352
+A7A3C331A64CB146
+A1F53517A7BE0CAA
+7B47F409
+BA1D3330
+83D2F293
+BFA4784B
+CBED606E
+BFC6A3AD
+812FFF6D
+E61F305A
+F9384B90
+32DB86FE
+1DC035F9
+ED786826
+3822441D
+2BA113D7
+1C5B818B
+A233956A
+84DA65E3
+CED67292
+B2C0FE06
+91817130
+55FE8917
+47E92091
+486AF299
+B1E882BB
+C261E845
+1A9B90F6
+7964E884
+5F36D7A4
+1EE2052D
+8519F5D5
+293D4E4F
+6D8F99FC
+C3421509
+A06CD7C6
+E43064D3
+E20F9BF0
+401B50B7
+8EF1FF3E
+E357E2B2
+A4AEEE37
+2AD4426A
+9D11BE94
+7290C556
+6E6F3787
+50C2EE3
+4FD73703
+C6FF478B
+4B1CA1E1
+1654EA91
+CD08B2F2
+F7FF3DA8
+78B1B8DA
+A100602C
+9588585F
+DA028873
+66B4F376
+E6B4B9A
+48167094
+D58CDA0
+8F7238BE
+F79983F3
+7E5D324
+AD78DF52
+1532BA74
+1E4899E2
+6C75DF64
+171DDC36
+F2D8D74A
+24E6D907
+4780FD32
+9ADF408C
+A25544CF
+EFC6A738
+1AA23A54
+C5A13EBB
+F739EDC9
+C3A015FA
+3D5E1511
+AFC4D7FB
+3F413B5E
+4660CB73
+88FC773F
+D6BED59C
+63B3B54A
+D67D3DDE
+23394F8B
+13384B44
+DD8B3ABC
+FF59A21E
+3BB16D7E
+6E01CB68
+EC34790E
+B26C42AD
+D723C830
+DFD10FCA
+7E362AA1
+826FF323
+CB8F63B5
+9B3227E5
+9A61E339
+40BDACF
+Testing array...
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+Exercising irand()...
+1
+1
+0
+0
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/rand_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/read.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/read.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/read.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1 + 1
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/read.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/read_errors.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/read_errors.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/read_errors.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+5+5;
+read()
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/read_errors.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/read_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/read_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/read_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+2
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/read_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scale.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scale.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scale.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+scale(0)
+scale(1)
+scale(12)
+scale(123)
+scale(1234)
+scale(12345)
+scale(123456)
+scale(1234567)
+scale(12345678)
+scale(123456789)
+scale(1234567890)
+scale(1.0)
+scale(12.0)
+scale(123.0)
+scale(1234.0)
+scale(12345.0)
+scale(123456.0)
+scale(1234567.0)
+scale(12345678.0)
+scale(123456789.0)
+scale(1234567890.0)
+scale(.1)
+scale(.12)
+scale(.123)
+scale(.1234)
+scale(.12345)
+scale(.123456)
+scale(.1234567)
+scale(.12345678)
+scale(.123456789)
+scale(.1234567890)
+scale(.01)
+scale(.012)
+scale(.0123)
+scale(.01234)
+scale(.012345)
+scale(.0123456)
+scale(.01234567)
+scale(.012345678)
+scale(.0123456789)
+scale(.01234567890)
+scale(.0000000001)
+scale(.00000000012)
+scale(.000000000123)
+scale(.0000000001234)
+scale(.00000000012345)
+scale(.000000000123456)
+scale(.0000000001234567)
+scale(.00000000012345678)
+scale(.000000000123456789)
+scale(.0000000001234567890)
+scale(289.29837)
+scale(2893.00000)
+scale(289.0)
+scale(1802973.0000000238)
+scale(.000000000000000093182394080000000000)
+scale(0.00000000000000000000)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scale.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scale_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scale_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scale_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+16
+17
+18
+19
+5
+5
+1
+10
+36
+20
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scale_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scientific.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scientific.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scientific.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+0e0
+0e1
+0e5
+0e-2
+0e-100
+1e0
+-1e1
+1e9
+-1e21
+1e-1
+-1e-2
+1e-5
+4.92837e5
+-3.28971028e20
+6.2e3
+-8.289371e2
+5.9817280937e8
+-3.28977e-1
+8.8927891e-20
+-7.98239e-4
+4.4892e-4
+-18937e0
+198273e10
+-18927e-4
+28937e-5
+-891072e-7
+.28972e0
+-.891273e-1
+.8928397e1
+-.0002983172e5
+.00022e3
+-.00022e4
+.0000328937e8
+obase=0
+0
+1
+10
+-289
+2894
+-89434
+894370
+-1239839
+28931708
+-8052098.8029731809
+.1
+-.01
+.001
+-.00038
+.0000483
+-.0002894378190
+.2893712083
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scientific.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scientific_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scientific_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scientific_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1
+-10
+1000000000
+-1000000000000000000000
+.1
+-.01
+.00001
+492837
+-328971028000000000000
+6200
+-828.9371
+598172809.37
+-.328977
+.000000000000000000088927891
+-.000798239
+.00044892
+-18937
+1982730000000000
+-1.8927
+.28937
+-.0891072
+.28972
+-.0891273
+8.928397
+-29.83172
+.22
+-2.2
+3289.37
+0
+1e0
+1.0e1
+-2.89e2
+2.894e3
+-8.9434e4
+8.94370e5
+-1.239839e6
+2.8931708e7
+-8.0520988029731809e6
+1e-1
+-1e-2
+1e-3
+-3.8e-4
+4.83e-5
+-2.894378190e-4
+2.893712083e-1
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scientific_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/add.bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/add.bc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/add.bc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#! /usr/bin/bc -lq
+
+scale = 20
+x = 1234567890 / scale
+len = length(x) + 1 + scale
+len *= 2
+
+for (i = 0; i <= len; ++i) {
+ a[i] = x * (10^i)
+ a[i]
+}
+
+for (i = 1; i <= 10000; ++i) {
+ for (j = 0; j < len; ++j) {
+ a[0] + a[j]
+ }
+}
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/array.bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/array.bc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/array.bc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#! /usr/bin/bc -q
+
+define z(a[]) {
+ for (i = 0; i < l; ++i) {
+ a[i]
+ }
+}
+
+define x(a[]) {
+
+ # Test for separate vars and arrays.
+ auto a
+
+ for (a = 0; a < l; ++a) {
+ a[a] = -a
+ }
+
+ z(a[])
+}
+
+define g(x[], y[]) {
+ return x[0] - y[0]
+}
+
+define h(y[], x[]) {
+ return g(x[], y[])
+}
+
+define m(*x[], *y[]) {
+ return x[0] / y[0]
+}
+
+define n(*y[], *x[]) {
+ return m(x[], y[])
+}
+
+for (i = 0; i < 101; ++i) {
+ a[i] = i
+}
+
+a[104] = 204
+
+l = length(a[])
+
+for (i = 0; i <= l; ++i) {
+ a[i]
+}
+
+z(a[])
+x(a[])
+z(a[])
+l
+
+x[0] = 5
+y[0] = 4
+
+h(x[], y[])
+n(x[], y[])
+
+halt
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/array.bc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/array.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/array.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/array.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+16
+17
+18
+19
+20
+21
+22
+23
+24
+25
+26
+27
+28
+29
+30
+31
+32
+33
+34
+35
+36
+37
+38
+39
+40
+41
+42
+43
+44
+45
+46
+47
+48
+49
+50
+51
+52
+53
+54
+55
+56
+57
+58
+59
+60
+61
+62
+63
+64
+65
+66
+67
+68
+69
+70
+71
+72
+73
+74
+75
+76
+77
+78
+79
+80
+81
+82
+83
+84
+85
+86
+87
+88
+89
+90
+91
+92
+93
+94
+95
+96
+97
+98
+99
+100
+0
+0
+0
+204
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+16
+17
+18
+19
+20
+21
+22
+23
+24
+25
+26
+27
+28
+29
+30
+31
+32
+33
+34
+35
+36
+37
+38
+39
+40
+41
+42
+43
+44
+45
+46
+47
+48
+49
+50
+51
+52
+53
+54
+55
+56
+57
+58
+59
+60
+61
+62
+63
+64
+65
+66
+67
+68
+69
+70
+71
+72
+73
+74
+75
+76
+77
+78
+79
+80
+81
+82
+83
+84
+85
+86
+87
+88
+89
+90
+91
+92
+93
+94
+95
+96
+97
+98
+99
+100
+0
+0
+0
+204
+0
+0
+-1
+-2
+-3
+-4
+-5
+-6
+-7
+-8
+-9
+-10
+-11
+-12
+-13
+-14
+-15
+-16
+-17
+-18
+-19
+-20
+-21
+-22
+-23
+-24
+-25
+-26
+-27
+-28
+-29
+-30
+-31
+-32
+-33
+-34
+-35
+-36
+-37
+-38
+-39
+-40
+-41
+-42
+-43
+-44
+-45
+-46
+-47
+-48
+-49
+-50
+-51
+-52
+-53
+-54
+-55
+-56
+-57
+-58
+-59
+-60
+-61
+-62
+-63
+-64
+-65
+-66
+-67
+-68
+-69
+-70
+-71
+-72
+-73
+-74
+-75
+-76
+-77
+-78
+-79
+-80
+-81
+-82
+-83
+-84
+-85
+-86
+-87
+-88
+-89
+-90
+-91
+-92
+-93
+-94
+-95
+-96
+-97
+-98
+-99
+-100
+-101
+-102
+-103
+-104
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+16
+17
+18
+19
+20
+21
+22
+23
+24
+25
+26
+27
+28
+29
+30
+31
+32
+33
+34
+35
+36
+37
+38
+39
+40
+41
+42
+43
+44
+45
+46
+47
+48
+49
+50
+51
+52
+53
+54
+55
+56
+57
+58
+59
+60
+61
+62
+63
+64
+65
+66
+67
+68
+69
+70
+71
+72
+73
+74
+75
+76
+77
+78
+79
+80
+81
+82
+83
+84
+85
+86
+87
+88
+89
+90
+91
+92
+93
+94
+95
+96
+97
+98
+99
+100
+0
+0
+0
+204
+0
+105
+-1
+.80000000000000000000
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/array.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/atan.bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/atan.bc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/atan.bc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#! /usr/bin/bc -q
+
+for (i = 1; i <= 100; ++i) {
+ print "scale = ", i, "\n"
+ print "a(.267)\n"
+ print "a(1)\n"
+}
+
+print "halt\n"
+
+halt
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/atan.bc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/atan.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/atan.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/atan.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+scale = 1
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 2
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 3
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 4
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 5
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 6
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 7
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 8
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 9
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 10
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 11
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 12
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 13
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 14
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 15
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 16
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 17
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 18
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 19
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 20
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 21
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 22
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 23
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 24
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 25
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 26
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 27
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 28
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 29
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 30
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 31
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 32
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 33
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 34
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 35
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 36
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 37
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 38
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 39
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 40
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 41
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 42
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 43
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 44
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 45
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 46
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 47
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 48
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 49
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 50
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 51
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 52
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 53
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 54
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 55
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 56
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 57
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 58
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 59
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 60
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 61
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 62
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 63
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 64
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 65
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 66
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 67
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 68
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 69
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 70
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 71
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 72
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 73
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 74
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 75
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 76
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 77
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 78
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 79
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 80
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 81
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 82
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 83
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 84
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 85
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 86
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 87
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 88
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 89
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 90
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 91
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 92
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 93
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 94
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 95
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 96
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 97
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 98
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 99
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+scale = 100
+a(.267)
+a(1)
+halt
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/atan.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/bessel.bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/bessel.bc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/bessel.bc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#! /usr/bin/bc -q
+
+t[0] = 0
+t[1] = 0.5
+t[2] = 1
+t[3] = 1.5
+t[4] = 1.74
+t[5] = 2
+t[6] = 3.2345
+t[7] = 100
+t[8] = -0.5
+t[9] = -1
+t[10] = -1.5
+t[11] = -1.74
+t[12] = -2
+t[13] = -3.2345
+t[14] = -100
+
+l = 15
+
+a[0] = t[0]
+
+for (i = 1; i < l; ++i) {
+ a[i * 2 - 1] = t[i]
+ a[i * 2] = -t[i]
+}
+
+l *= 2
+l -= 1
+
+for (i = 0; i < l; ++i) {
+ for (j = 0; j < l; ++j) {
+ print "j(", a[i], ", ", a[j], ")\n"
+ }
+}
+
+# These are specific tests that bc could not pass at one time.
+print "j(3, 0.75)\n"
+print "scale = 0; j(40, 0.75)\n"
+
+print "halt\n"
+
+halt
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/bessel.bc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/divide.bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/divide.bc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/divide.bc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#! /usr/bin/bc -lq
+
+scale = 20
+x = 1234567890 * 10^(-scale)
+len = 1 + 2 * scale
+
+x
+scale += 10
+
+for (i = 0; i <= len; ++i) {
+ a[i] = x * (10^i)
+ a[i]
+}
+
+for (i = 1; i <= 10000; ++i) {
+ for (j = 0; j < len; ++j) {
+ a[0] / a[j]
+ (a[0] * i) / a[j]
+ a[0] / (a[j] * i)
+ (a[0] * i) / (a[j] * i)
+ }
+}
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/functions.bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/functions.bc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/functions.bc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+e(0.5)
+
+define e(x) {
+ return x
+}
+
+e(0.5)
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/functions.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/functions.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/functions.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+1.64872127070012814684
+.5
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/functions.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/globals.bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/globals.bc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/globals.bc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#! /usr/bin/bc -gq
+
+define i(x) {
+ ibase=x
+ return ibase
+}
+
+define o(x) {
+ obase=x
+ return obase
+}
+
+define r(x) {
+ scale=x
+ return scale
+}
+
+i(11)
+ibase
+o(12)
+obase
+r(15)
+scale
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/globals.bc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/globals.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/globals.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/globals.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+11
+10
+12
+10
+15
+20
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/globals.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/len.bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/len.bc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/len.bc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+define fast_gcd(a, b) {
+
+ if (a == b) return a;
+ if (a > b) return fast_gcd(a - b, b)
+
+ return fast_gcd(a, b - a);
+}
+
+define void r_reduce(*r[]) {
+
+ auto g,s;
+
+ if (length(r[]) != 2) sqrt(-1);
+ if (scale(r[0])) 2^r[0];
+ if (scale(r[1])) 2^r[1];
+
+ if (r[0] >= 0 && r[1] >= 0) g = fast_gcd(r[0], r[1]);
+ else g = gcd(r[0], r[1]);
+
+ s = scale;
+ scale = 0;
+
+ r[0] /= g;
+ r[1] /= g;
+
+ scale = s;
+}
+
+define void r_init(*r[], a, b) {
+ r[0] = a;
+ r[1] = b;
+ r_reduce(r[]);
+}
+
+define void r_initi(*r[], i, a, b) {
+
+ length(r[]);
+
+ r[0] = i * b + a;
+ r[1] = b;
+
+ length(r[]);
+
+ r_reduce(r[]);
+}
+
+length(a[])
+r_initi(a[], 5, 63, 94);
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/len.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/len.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/len.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+1
+1
+2
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/len.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/multiply.bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/multiply.bc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/multiply.bc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#! /usr/bin/bc -lq
+
+scale = 20
+x = 1234567890 / scale
+len = length(x) + 1 + scale
+
+for (i = 0; i <= len; ++i) {
+ a[i] = x * (10^i)
+ a[i]
+}
+
+for (i = 1; i <= 10000; ++i) {
+ for (j = 0; j < len; ++j) {
+ a[0] * a[j]
+ (a[0] * i) * a[j]
+ a[0] * (a[j] * i)
+ (a[0] * i) * (a[j] * i)
+ }
+}
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/parse.bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/parse.bc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/parse.bc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#! /usr/bin/bc -q
+
+for (b = 2; b <= 16; ++b) {
+ if (b == 10) continue
+ obase = 10
+ print "ibase = A; ibase = ", b, "\n"
+ print "\qibase = \q\n"
+ b
+ obase = b
+ for (i = 0; i <= 4096; ++i) {
+ i
+ print "0.", i, "\n"
+ print ".", i, "\n"
+ print "1.", i, "\n"
+ print i, ".", "\n"
+ print i, ".", i, "\n"
+ }
+}
+
+halt
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/parse.bc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/print.bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/print.bc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/print.bc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#! /usr/bin/bc -q
+
+for (b = 2; b <= 100; ++b) {
+
+ if (b == 10) continue
+
+ s = b * b
+
+ print "obase = ", b, "\n"
+ print "\qobase = \q\n"
+ b
+
+ for (i = 0; i <= s; ++i) {
+ i
+ print "0.", i, "\n"
+ print ".", i, "\n"
+ print "1.", i, "\n"
+ print i, ".", "\n"
+ print i, ".", i, "\n"
+ }
+
+ 2189432174861923048671023498128347619023487610234689172304.192748960128745108927461089237469018723460
+}
+
+halt
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/print.bc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/rand.bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/rand.bc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/rand.bc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#! /usr/bin/bc
+
+define x(x) {
+ seed = x
+ seed@20
+ return seed
+}
+
+define y(x) {
+ auto s
+ seed@20
+ s = x(x)
+ seed@20
+ return s
+}
+
+define void u(x) {
+ seed = x
+ seed@20
+}
+
+define void v(x) {
+ u(x)
+ seed@20
+}
+
+define g(x) {
+ auto s
+ s = irand(x)
+ s < x
+ return seed
+}
+
+define h(x) {
+ auto s
+ s = g(x)
+ s == seed
+ return s
+}
+
+define j(x) {
+ auto s, r
+ seed@20
+ s = seed
+ r = rand()
+ seed = x
+ s != seed
+ return rand()
+}
+
+define k(x) {
+ auto s, r
+ s = seed
+ seed@20
+ r = j(x)
+ s != seed
+ seed = x
+ rand() == r
+ return r
+}
+
+define m(*a[]) {
+ auto i
+ seed = seed
+ for (i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+ a[i] = rand()
+ }
+ return seed
+}
+
+v(50.5)
+seed@20
+
+s = y(75.25)
+s@20
+seed@20
+
+r = rand()
+i = irand(r)
+
+i < r
+
+s = h(maxrand() ^ 4)
+s == seed
+
+seed = 2398.0625
+r = k(38.45)
+seed = 38.45
+r == rand()
+
+s = m(a[])
+
+for (i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
+ rand() == a[i]
+}
+
+s == seed
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/rand.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/rand.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/rand.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+50.50000000000000000000
+50.50000000000000000000
+50.50000000000000000000
+50.50000000000000000000
+75.25000000000000000000
+50.50000000000000000000
+75.25000000000000000000
+50.50000000000000000000
+1
+1
+1
+1
+2398.06250000000000000000
+2398.06250000000000000000
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/rand.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/references.bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/references.bc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/references.bc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+#! /usr/bin/bc -q
+
+define printarray(a[], len) {
+
+ auto i
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+ a[i]
+ }
+}
+
+define a2(a[], len) {
+
+ auto i
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+ a[i] = a[i] * a[i]
+ }
+
+ printarray(a[], len)
+}
+
+define a4(a__[], len) {
+
+ auto i
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+ a__[i] = a__[i] * a__[i]
+ }
+
+ printarray(a__[], len)
+}
+
+define a6(*a__[], len) {
+
+ auto i
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+ a__[i] = a__[i] * a__[i]
+ }
+
+ printarray(a__[], len)
+}
+
+define a1(*a[], len) {
+
+ auto i
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+ a[i] = i
+ }
+
+ a2(a[], len)
+
+ printarray(a[], len)
+}
+
+define a3(*a__[], len) {
+
+ auto i
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+ a__[i] = i
+ }
+
+ a4(a__[], len)
+
+ printarray(a__[], len)
+}
+
+define a5(*a__[], len) {
+
+ auto i
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+ a__[i] = i
+ }
+
+ a2(a__[], len)
+
+ printarray(a__[], len)
+}
+
+define a7(*a__[], len) {
+
+ auto i
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+ a__[i] = i
+ }
+
+ a6(a__[], len)
+
+ printarray(a__[], len)
+}
+
+len = 16
+
+a1(a[], len)
+printarray(a[], len)
+a3(a[], len)
+printarray(a[], len)
+a5(a[], len)
+printarray(a[], len)
+a7(a[], len)
+printarray(a[], len)
+
+a1(b[], len)
+printarray(b[], len)
+a3(b[], len)
+printarray(b[], len)
+a5(b[], len)
+printarray(b[], len)
+a7(b[], len)
+printarray(b[], len)
+
+a1[0] = 0
+a2[0] = 0
+a3[0] = 0
+a4[0] = 0
+a5[0] = 0
+a6[0] = 0
+a7[0] = 0
+a8[0] = 0
+a9[0] = 0
+a10[0] = 0
+a11[0] = 0
+a12[0] = 0
+a13[0] = 0
+a14[0] = 0
+a15[0] = 0
+a16[0] = 0
+a17[0] = 0
+a18[0] = 0
+a19[0] = 0
+a20[0] = 0
+a21[0] = 0
+a22[0] = 0
+a23[0] = 0
+a24[0] = 0
+a25[0] = 0
+a26[0] = 0
+a27[0] = 0
+a28[0] = 0
+a29[0] = 0
+a30[0] = 0
+a31[0] = 0
+a32[0] = 0
+a33[0] = 0
+a34[0] = 0
+a35[0] = 0
+a36[0] = 0
+a37[0] = 0
+a38[0] = 0
+a39[0] = 0
+a40[0] = 0
+a41[0] = 0
+a42[0] = 0
+a43[0] = 0
+a44[0] = 0
+a45[0] = 0
+a46[0] = 0
+a47[0] = 0
+a48[0] = 0
+a49[0] = 0
+a50[0] = 0
+a51[0] = 0
+a52[0] = 0
+a53[0] = 0
+a54[0] = 0
+a55[0] = 0
+a56[0] = 0
+a57[0] = 0
+a58[0] = 0
+a59[0] = 0
+a60[0] = 0
+a61[0] = 0
+a62[0] = 0
+a63[0] = 0
+a64[0] = 0
+a65[0] = 0
+a66[0] = 0
+a67[0] = 0
+a68[0] = 0
+a69[0] = 0
+a70[0] = 0
+a71[0] = 0
+a72[0] = 0
+a73[0] = 0
+a74[0] = 0
+a75[0] = 0
+a76[0] = 0
+a77[0] = 0
+a78[0] = 0
+a79[0] = 0
+a80[0] = 0
+a81[0] = 0
+a82[0] = 0
+a83[0] = 0
+a84[0] = 0
+a85[0] = 0
+a86[0] = 0
+a87[0] = 0
+a88[0] = 0
+a89[0] = 0
+a90[0] = 0
+a91[0] = 0
+a92[0] = 0
+a93[0] = 0
+a94[0] = 0
+a95[0] = 0
+a96[0] = 0
+a97[0] = 0
+a98[0] = 0
+a99[0] = 0
+a100[0] = 0
+a101[0] = 0
+a102[0] = 0
+a103[0] = 0
+a104[0] = 0
+a105[0] = 0
+a106[0] = 0
+a107[0] = 0
+a108[0] = 0
+a109[0] = 0
+a110[0] = 0
+a111[0] = 0
+a112[0] = 0
+a113[0] = 0
+a114[0] = 0
+a115[0] = 0
+a116[0] = 0
+a117[0] = 0
+a118[0] = 0
+a119[0] = 0
+a120[0] = 0
+a121[0] = 0
+a122[0] = 0
+a123[0] = 0
+a124[0] = 0
+a125[0] = 0
+a126[0] = 0
+a127[0] = 0
+a128[0] = 0
+a129[0] = 0
+a130[0] = 0
+a131[0] = 0
+a132[0] = 0
+a133[0] = 0
+a134[0] = 0
+a135[0] = 0
+a136[0] = 0
+a137[0] = 0
+a138[0] = 0
+a139[0] = 0
+a140[0] = 0
+a141[0] = 0
+a142[0] = 0
+a143[0] = 0
+a144[0] = 0
+a145[0] = 0
+a146[0] = 0
+a147[0] = 0
+a148[0] = 0
+a149[0] = 0
+a150[0] = 0
+a151[0] = 0
+a152[0] = 0
+a153[0] = 0
+a154[0] = 0
+a155[0] = 0
+a156[0] = 0
+a157[0] = 0
+a158[0] = 0
+a159[0] = 0
+a160[0] = 0
+a161[0] = 0
+a162[0] = 0
+a163[0] = 0
+a164[0] = 0
+a165[0] = 0
+a166[0] = 0
+a167[0] = 0
+a168[0] = 0
+a169[0] = 0
+a170[0] = 0
+a171[0] = 0
+a172[0] = 0
+a173[0] = 0
+a174[0] = 0
+a175[0] = 0
+a176[0] = 0
+a177[0] = 0
+a178[0] = 0
+a179[0] = 0
+a180[0] = 0
+a181[0] = 0
+a182[0] = 0
+a183[0] = 0
+a184[0] = 0
+a185[0] = 0
+a186[0] = 0
+a187[0] = 0
+a188[0] = 0
+a189[0] = 0
+a190[0] = 0
+a191[0] = 0
+a192[0] = 0
+a193[0] = 0
+a194[0] = 0
+a195[0] = 0
+a196[0] = 0
+a197[0] = 0
+a198[0] = 0
+a199[0] = 0
+a200[0] = 0
+a201[0] = 0
+a202[0] = 0
+a203[0] = 0
+a204[0] = 0
+a205[0] = 0
+a206[0] = 0
+a207[0] = 0
+a208[0] = 0
+a209[0] = 0
+a210[0] = 0
+a211[0] = 0
+a212[0] = 0
+a213[0] = 0
+a214[0] = 0
+a215[0] = 0
+a216[0] = 0
+a217[0] = 0
+a218[0] = 0
+a219[0] = 0
+a220[0] = 0
+a221[0] = 0
+a222[0] = 0
+a223[0] = 0
+a224[0] = 0
+a225[0] = 0
+a226[0] = 0
+a227[0] = 0
+a228[0] = 0
+a229[0] = 0
+a230[0] = 0
+a231[0] = 0
+a232[0] = 0
+a233[0] = 0
+a234[0] = 0
+a235[0] = 0
+a236[0] = 0
+a237[0] = 0
+a238[0] = 0
+a239[0] = 0
+a240[0] = 0
+a241[0] = 0
+a242[0] = 0
+a243[0] = 0
+a244[0] = 0
+a245[0] = 0
+a246[0] = 0
+a247[0] = 0
+a248[0] = 0
+a249[0] = 0
+a250[0] = 0
+a251[0] = 0
+a252[0] = 0
+a253[0] = 0
+a254[0] = 0
+a255[0] = 0
+a256[0] = 0
+
+a1(a253[], len)
+printarray(a253[], len)
+a3(a253[], len)
+printarray(a253[], len)
+a5(a253[], len)
+printarray(a253[], len)
+a7(a253[], len)
+printarray(a253[], len)
+
+a1(a254[], len)
+printarray(a254[], len)
+a3(a254[], len)
+printarray(a254[], len)
+a5(a254[], len)
+printarray(a254[], len)
+a7(a254[], len)
+printarray(a254[], len)
+
+a1(a255[], len)
+printarray(a255[], len)
+a3(a255[], len)
+printarray(a255[], len)
+a5(a255[], len)
+printarray(a255[], len)
+a7(a255[], len)
+printarray(a255[], len)
+
+a1(a256[], len)
+printarray(a256[], len)
+a3(a256[], len)
+printarray(a256[], len)
+a5(a256[], len)
+printarray(a256[], len)
+a7(a256[], len)
+printarray(a256[], len)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/references.bc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/references.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/references.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/references.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1272 @@
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
+0
+0
+1
+4
+9
+16
+25
+36
+49
+64
+81
+100
+121
+144
+169
+196
+225
+0
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/references.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/screen.bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/screen.bc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/screen.bc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#! /usr/bin/bc -q
+
+define a(i, j) {
+ scale = 0
+ if(i % 2 == 0) return i;
+ if(j - i >= 0.5) return i + 1;
+ return i - 1;
+}
+
+define x(w, h, n) {
+ scale = 20
+ f = w / n
+ scale = 0
+ i = h / f
+ scale = 1
+ j = h / f
+ return a(i, j);
+}
+
+x(720, 576, 600)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/screen.bc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/screen.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/screen.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/screen.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+480
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/screen.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/subtract.bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/subtract.bc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/scripts/subtract.bc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#! /usr/bin/bc -lq
+
+scale = 20
+x = 1234567890 / scale
+len = length(x) + 1 + scale
+len *= 2
+
+for (i = 0; i <= len; ++i) {
+ a[i] = x * (10^i)
+ a[i]
+}
+
+for (i = 1; i <= 10000; ++i) {
+ for (j = 0; j < len; ++j) {
+ a[0] - a[j]
+ }
+}
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/shift.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/shift.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/shift.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,5341 @@
+0 << 0
+1 << 0
+2 << 0
+0.0023896 << 0
+1.298346 << 0
+2.00000000 << 0
+0.0023896 << 3
+1.298346 << 4
+2.00000000 << 5
+x = 89136.892348976
+x <<= 7
+x
+x = 1892634051829351283289298
+x <<= 24
+x
+0 >> 0
+1 >> 0
+2 >> 0
+0.0023896 >> 0
+1.298346 >> 0
+2.00000000 >> 0
+0.0023896 >> 3
+1.298346 >> 4
+2.00000000 >> 5
+x = 89136.892348976
+x >>= 7
+x
+x = 1892634051829351283289298
+x >>= 24
+x
+-1 << 0
+-2 << 0
+-0.0023896 << 0
+-1.298346 << 0
+-2.00000000 << 0
+-0.0023896 << 3
+-1.298346 << 4
+-2.00000000 << 5
+x = -89136.892348976
+x <<= 7
+x
+x = -1892634051829351283289298
+x <<= 24
+x
+-1 >> 0
+-2 >> 0
+-0.0023896 >> 0
+-1.298346 >> 0
+-2.00000000 >> 0
+-0.0023896 >> 3
+-1.298346 >> 4
+-2.00000000 >> 5
+x = -89136.892348976
+x >>= 7
+x
+-x
+x = -1892634051829351283289298
+x >>= 24
+x
+-x
+(0 >> 12) / 2
+0 << 0
+0 << 1
+0 << 2
+0 << 3
+0 << 4
+0 << 5
+0 << 6
+0 << 7
+0 << 8
+0 << 9
+0 << 10
+0 << 11
+0 << 12
+0 << 13
+0 << 14
+0 << 15
+0 << 16
+0 << 17
+0 << 18
+0 << 19
+0.1 << 0
+0.1 << 1
+0.1 << 2
+0.1 << 3
+0.1 << 4
+0.1 << 5
+0.1 << 6
+0.1 << 7
+0.1 << 8
+0.1 << 9
+0.1 << 10
+0.1 << 11
+0.1 << 12
+0.1 << 13
+0.1 << 14
+0.1 << 15
+0.1 << 16
+0.1 << 17
+0.1 << 18
+0.1 << 19
+0.01 << 0
+0.01 << 1
+0.01 << 2
+0.01 << 3
+0.01 << 4
+0.01 << 5
+0.01 << 6
+0.01 << 7
+0.01 << 8
+0.01 << 9
+0.01 << 10
+0.01 << 11
+0.01 << 12
+0.01 << 13
+0.01 << 14
+0.01 << 15
+0.01 << 16
+0.01 << 17
+0.01 << 18
+0.01 << 19
+0.001 << 0
+0.001 << 1
+0.001 << 2
+0.001 << 3
+0.001 << 4
+0.001 << 5
+0.001 << 6
+0.001 << 7
+0.001 << 8
+0.001 << 9
+0.001 << 10
+0.001 << 11
+0.001 << 12
+0.001 << 13
+0.001 << 14
+0.001 << 15
+0.001 << 16
+0.001 << 17
+0.001 << 18
+0.001 << 19
+0.0001 << 0
+0.0001 << 1
+0.0001 << 2
+0.0001 << 3
+0.0001 << 4
+0.0001 << 5
+0.0001 << 6
+0.0001 << 7
+0.0001 << 8
+0.0001 << 9
+0.0001 << 10
+0.0001 << 11
+0.0001 << 12
+0.0001 << 13
+0.0001 << 14
+0.0001 << 15
+0.0001 << 16
+0.0001 << 17
+0.0001 << 18
+0.0001 << 19
+0.00001 << 0
+0.00001 << 1
+0.00001 << 2
+0.00001 << 3
+0.00001 << 4
+0.00001 << 5
+0.00001 << 6
+0.00001 << 7
+0.00001 << 8
+0.00001 << 9
+0.00001 << 10
+0.00001 << 11
+0.00001 << 12
+0.00001 << 13
+0.00001 << 14
+0.00001 << 15
+0.00001 << 16
+0.00001 << 17
+0.00001 << 18
+0.00001 << 19
+0.000001 << 0
+0.000001 << 1
+0.000001 << 2
+0.000001 << 3
+0.000001 << 4
+0.000001 << 5
+0.000001 << 6
+0.000001 << 7
+0.000001 << 8
+0.000001 << 9
+0.000001 << 10
+0.000001 << 11
+0.000001 << 12
+0.000001 << 13
+0.000001 << 14
+0.000001 << 15
+0.000001 << 16
+0.000001 << 17
+0.000001 << 18
+0.000001 << 19
+0.0000001 << 0
+0.0000001 << 1
+0.0000001 << 2
+0.0000001 << 3
+0.0000001 << 4
+0.0000001 << 5
+0.0000001 << 6
+0.0000001 << 7
+0.0000001 << 8
+0.0000001 << 9
+0.0000001 << 10
+0.0000001 << 11
+0.0000001 << 12
+0.0000001 << 13
+0.0000001 << 14
+0.0000001 << 15
+0.0000001 << 16
+0.0000001 << 17
+0.0000001 << 18
+0.0000001 << 19
+0.00000001 << 0
+0.00000001 << 1
+0.00000001 << 2
+0.00000001 << 3
+0.00000001 << 4
+0.00000001 << 5
+0.00000001 << 6
+0.00000001 << 7
+0.00000001 << 8
+0.00000001 << 9
+0.00000001 << 10
+0.00000001 << 11
+0.00000001 << 12
+0.00000001 << 13
+0.00000001 << 14
+0.00000001 << 15
+0.00000001 << 16
+0.00000001 << 17
+0.00000001 << 18
+0.00000001 << 19
+0.000000001 << 0
+0.000000001 << 1
+0.000000001 << 2
+0.000000001 << 3
+0.000000001 << 4
+0.000000001 << 5
+0.000000001 << 6
+0.000000001 << 7
+0.000000001 << 8
+0.000000001 << 9
+0.000000001 << 10
+0.000000001 << 11
+0.000000001 << 12
+0.000000001 << 13
+0.000000001 << 14
+0.000000001 << 15
+0.000000001 << 16
+0.000000001 << 17
+0.000000001 << 18
+0.000000001 << 19
+0.0000000001 << 0
+0.0000000001 << 1
+0.0000000001 << 2
+0.0000000001 << 3
+0.0000000001 << 4
+0.0000000001 << 5
+0.0000000001 << 6
+0.0000000001 << 7
+0.0000000001 << 8
+0.0000000001 << 9
+0.0000000001 << 10
+0.0000000001 << 11
+0.0000000001 << 12
+0.0000000001 << 13
+0.0000000001 << 14
+0.0000000001 << 15
+0.0000000001 << 16
+0.0000000001 << 17
+0.0000000001 << 18
+0.0000000001 << 19
+1 << 0
+1 << 1
+1 << 2
+1 << 3
+1 << 4
+1 << 5
+1 << 6
+1 << 7
+1 << 8
+1 << 9
+1 << 10
+1 << 11
+1 << 12
+1 << 13
+1 << 14
+1 << 15
+1 << 16
+1 << 17
+1 << 18
+1 << 19
+1.1 << 0
+1.1 << 1
+1.1 << 2
+1.1 << 3
+1.1 << 4
+1.1 << 5
+1.1 << 6
+1.1 << 7
+1.1 << 8
+1.1 << 9
+1.1 << 10
+1.1 << 11
+1.1 << 12
+1.1 << 13
+1.1 << 14
+1.1 << 15
+1.1 << 16
+1.1 << 17
+1.1 << 18
+1.1 << 19
+1.01 << 0
+1.01 << 1
+1.01 << 2
+1.01 << 3
+1.01 << 4
+1.01 << 5
+1.01 << 6
+1.01 << 7
+1.01 << 8
+1.01 << 9
+1.01 << 10
+1.01 << 11
+1.01 << 12
+1.01 << 13
+1.01 << 14
+1.01 << 15
+1.01 << 16
+1.01 << 17
+1.01 << 18
+1.01 << 19
+1.001 << 0
+1.001 << 1
+1.001 << 2
+1.001 << 3
+1.001 << 4
+1.001 << 5
+1.001 << 6
+1.001 << 7
+1.001 << 8
+1.001 << 9
+1.001 << 10
+1.001 << 11
+1.001 << 12
+1.001 << 13
+1.001 << 14
+1.001 << 15
+1.001 << 16
+1.001 << 17
+1.001 << 18
+1.001 << 19
+1.0001 << 0
+1.0001 << 1
+1.0001 << 2
+1.0001 << 3
+1.0001 << 4
+1.0001 << 5
+1.0001 << 6
+1.0001 << 7
+1.0001 << 8
+1.0001 << 9
+1.0001 << 10
+1.0001 << 11
+1.0001 << 12
+1.0001 << 13
+1.0001 << 14
+1.0001 << 15
+1.0001 << 16
+1.0001 << 17
+1.0001 << 18
+1.0001 << 19
+1.00001 << 0
+1.00001 << 1
+1.00001 << 2
+1.00001 << 3
+1.00001 << 4
+1.00001 << 5
+1.00001 << 6
+1.00001 << 7
+1.00001 << 8
+1.00001 << 9
+1.00001 << 10
+1.00001 << 11
+1.00001 << 12
+1.00001 << 13
+1.00001 << 14
+1.00001 << 15
+1.00001 << 16
+1.00001 << 17
+1.00001 << 18
+1.00001 << 19
+1.000001 << 0
+1.000001 << 1
+1.000001 << 2
+1.000001 << 3
+1.000001 << 4
+1.000001 << 5
+1.000001 << 6
+1.000001 << 7
+1.000001 << 8
+1.000001 << 9
+1.000001 << 10
+1.000001 << 11
+1.000001 << 12
+1.000001 << 13
+1.000001 << 14
+1.000001 << 15
+1.000001 << 16
+1.000001 << 17
+1.000001 << 18
+1.000001 << 19
+1.0000001 << 0
+1.0000001 << 1
+1.0000001 << 2
+1.0000001 << 3
+1.0000001 << 4
+1.0000001 << 5
+1.0000001 << 6
+1.0000001 << 7
+1.0000001 << 8
+1.0000001 << 9
+1.0000001 << 10
+1.0000001 << 11
+1.0000001 << 12
+1.0000001 << 13
+1.0000001 << 14
+1.0000001 << 15
+1.0000001 << 16
+1.0000001 << 17
+1.0000001 << 18
+1.0000001 << 19
+1.00000001 << 0
+1.00000001 << 1
+1.00000001 << 2
+1.00000001 << 3
+1.00000001 << 4
+1.00000001 << 5
+1.00000001 << 6
+1.00000001 << 7
+1.00000001 << 8
+1.00000001 << 9
+1.00000001 << 10
+1.00000001 << 11
+1.00000001 << 12
+1.00000001 << 13
+1.00000001 << 14
+1.00000001 << 15
+1.00000001 << 16
+1.00000001 << 17
+1.00000001 << 18
+1.00000001 << 19
+1.000000001 << 0
+1.000000001 << 1
+1.000000001 << 2
+1.000000001 << 3
+1.000000001 << 4
+1.000000001 << 5
+1.000000001 << 6
+1.000000001 << 7
+1.000000001 << 8
+1.000000001 << 9
+1.000000001 << 10
+1.000000001 << 11
+1.000000001 << 12
+1.000000001 << 13
+1.000000001 << 14
+1.000000001 << 15
+1.000000001 << 16
+1.000000001 << 17
+1.000000001 << 18
+1.000000001 << 19
+1.0000000001 << 0
+1.0000000001 << 1
+1.0000000001 << 2
+1.0000000001 << 3
+1.0000000001 << 4
+1.0000000001 << 5
+1.0000000001 << 6
+1.0000000001 << 7
+1.0000000001 << 8
+1.0000000001 << 9
+1.0000000001 << 10
+1.0000000001 << 11
+1.0000000001 << 12
+1.0000000001 << 13
+1.0000000001 << 14
+1.0000000001 << 15
+1.0000000001 << 16
+1.0000000001 << 17
+1.0000000001 << 18
+1.0000000001 << 19
+10 << 0
+10 << 1
+10 << 2
+10 << 3
+10 << 4
+10 << 5
+10 << 6
+10 << 7
+10 << 8
+10 << 9
+10 << 10
+10 << 11
+10 << 12
+10 << 13
+10 << 14
+10 << 15
+10 << 16
+10 << 17
+10 << 18
+10 << 19
+10.1 << 0
+10.1 << 1
+10.1 << 2
+10.1 << 3
+10.1 << 4
+10.1 << 5
+10.1 << 6
+10.1 << 7
+10.1 << 8
+10.1 << 9
+10.1 << 10
+10.1 << 11
+10.1 << 12
+10.1 << 13
+10.1 << 14
+10.1 << 15
+10.1 << 16
+10.1 << 17
+10.1 << 18
+10.1 << 19
+10.01 << 0
+10.01 << 1
+10.01 << 2
+10.01 << 3
+10.01 << 4
+10.01 << 5
+10.01 << 6
+10.01 << 7
+10.01 << 8
+10.01 << 9
+10.01 << 10
+10.01 << 11
+10.01 << 12
+10.01 << 13
+10.01 << 14
+10.01 << 15
+10.01 << 16
+10.01 << 17
+10.01 << 18
+10.01 << 19
+10.001 << 0
+10.001 << 1
+10.001 << 2
+10.001 << 3
+10.001 << 4
+10.001 << 5
+10.001 << 6
+10.001 << 7
+10.001 << 8
+10.001 << 9
+10.001 << 10
+10.001 << 11
+10.001 << 12
+10.001 << 13
+10.001 << 14
+10.001 << 15
+10.001 << 16
+10.001 << 17
+10.001 << 18
+10.001 << 19
+10.0001 << 0
+10.0001 << 1
+10.0001 << 2
+10.0001 << 3
+10.0001 << 4
+10.0001 << 5
+10.0001 << 6
+10.0001 << 7
+10.0001 << 8
+10.0001 << 9
+10.0001 << 10
+10.0001 << 11
+10.0001 << 12
+10.0001 << 13
+10.0001 << 14
+10.0001 << 15
+10.0001 << 16
+10.0001 << 17
+10.0001 << 18
+10.0001 << 19
+10.00001 << 0
+10.00001 << 1
+10.00001 << 2
+10.00001 << 3
+10.00001 << 4
+10.00001 << 5
+10.00001 << 6
+10.00001 << 7
+10.00001 << 8
+10.00001 << 9
+10.00001 << 10
+10.00001 << 11
+10.00001 << 12
+10.00001 << 13
+10.00001 << 14
+10.00001 << 15
+10.00001 << 16
+10.00001 << 17
+10.00001 << 18
+10.00001 << 19
+10.000001 << 0
+10.000001 << 1
+10.000001 << 2
+10.000001 << 3
+10.000001 << 4
+10.000001 << 5
+10.000001 << 6
+10.000001 << 7
+10.000001 << 8
+10.000001 << 9
+10.000001 << 10
+10.000001 << 11
+10.000001 << 12
+10.000001 << 13
+10.000001 << 14
+10.000001 << 15
+10.000001 << 16
+10.000001 << 17
+10.000001 << 18
+10.000001 << 19
+10.0000001 << 0
+10.0000001 << 1
+10.0000001 << 2
+10.0000001 << 3
+10.0000001 << 4
+10.0000001 << 5
+10.0000001 << 6
+10.0000001 << 7
+10.0000001 << 8
+10.0000001 << 9
+10.0000001 << 10
+10.0000001 << 11
+10.0000001 << 12
+10.0000001 << 13
+10.0000001 << 14
+10.0000001 << 15
+10.0000001 << 16
+10.0000001 << 17
+10.0000001 << 18
+10.0000001 << 19
+10.00000001 << 0
+10.00000001 << 1
+10.00000001 << 2
+10.00000001 << 3
+10.00000001 << 4
+10.00000001 << 5
+10.00000001 << 6
+10.00000001 << 7
+10.00000001 << 8
+10.00000001 << 9
+10.00000001 << 10
+10.00000001 << 11
+10.00000001 << 12
+10.00000001 << 13
+10.00000001 << 14
+10.00000001 << 15
+10.00000001 << 16
+10.00000001 << 17
+10.00000001 << 18
+10.00000001 << 19
+10.000000001 << 0
+10.000000001 << 1
+10.000000001 << 2
+10.000000001 << 3
+10.000000001 << 4
+10.000000001 << 5
+10.000000001 << 6
+10.000000001 << 7
+10.000000001 << 8
+10.000000001 << 9
+10.000000001 << 10
+10.000000001 << 11
+10.000000001 << 12
+10.000000001 << 13
+10.000000001 << 14
+10.000000001 << 15
+10.000000001 << 16
+10.000000001 << 17
+10.000000001 << 18
+10.000000001 << 19
+10.0000000001 << 0
+10.0000000001 << 1
+10.0000000001 << 2
+10.0000000001 << 3
+10.0000000001 << 4
+10.0000000001 << 5
+10.0000000001 << 6
+10.0000000001 << 7
+10.0000000001 << 8
+10.0000000001 << 9
+10.0000000001 << 10
+10.0000000001 << 11
+10.0000000001 << 12
+10.0000000001 << 13
+10.0000000001 << 14
+10.0000000001 << 15
+10.0000000001 << 16
+10.0000000001 << 17
+10.0000000001 << 18
+10.0000000001 << 19
+100 << 0
+100 << 1
+100 << 2
+100 << 3
+100 << 4
+100 << 5
+100 << 6
+100 << 7
+100 << 8
+100 << 9
+100 << 10
+100 << 11
+100 << 12
+100 << 13
+100 << 14
+100 << 15
+100 << 16
+100 << 17
+100 << 18
+100 << 19
+100.1 << 0
+100.1 << 1
+100.1 << 2
+100.1 << 3
+100.1 << 4
+100.1 << 5
+100.1 << 6
+100.1 << 7
+100.1 << 8
+100.1 << 9
+100.1 << 10
+100.1 << 11
+100.1 << 12
+100.1 << 13
+100.1 << 14
+100.1 << 15
+100.1 << 16
+100.1 << 17
+100.1 << 18
+100.1 << 19
+100.01 << 0
+100.01 << 1
+100.01 << 2
+100.01 << 3
+100.01 << 4
+100.01 << 5
+100.01 << 6
+100.01 << 7
+100.01 << 8
+100.01 << 9
+100.01 << 10
+100.01 << 11
+100.01 << 12
+100.01 << 13
+100.01 << 14
+100.01 << 15
+100.01 << 16
+100.01 << 17
+100.01 << 18
+100.01 << 19
+100.001 << 0
+100.001 << 1
+100.001 << 2
+100.001 << 3
+100.001 << 4
+100.001 << 5
+100.001 << 6
+100.001 << 7
+100.001 << 8
+100.001 << 9
+100.001 << 10
+100.001 << 11
+100.001 << 12
+100.001 << 13
+100.001 << 14
+100.001 << 15
+100.001 << 16
+100.001 << 17
+100.001 << 18
+100.001 << 19
+100.0001 << 0
+100.0001 << 1
+100.0001 << 2
+100.0001 << 3
+100.0001 << 4
+100.0001 << 5
+100.0001 << 6
+100.0001 << 7
+100.0001 << 8
+100.0001 << 9
+100.0001 << 10
+100.0001 << 11
+100.0001 << 12
+100.0001 << 13
+100.0001 << 14
+100.0001 << 15
+100.0001 << 16
+100.0001 << 17
+100.0001 << 18
+100.0001 << 19
+100.00001 << 0
+100.00001 << 1
+100.00001 << 2
+100.00001 << 3
+100.00001 << 4
+100.00001 << 5
+100.00001 << 6
+100.00001 << 7
+100.00001 << 8
+100.00001 << 9
+100.00001 << 10
+100.00001 << 11
+100.00001 << 12
+100.00001 << 13
+100.00001 << 14
+100.00001 << 15
+100.00001 << 16
+100.00001 << 17
+100.00001 << 18
+100.00001 << 19
+100.000001 << 0
+100.000001 << 1
+100.000001 << 2
+100.000001 << 3
+100.000001 << 4
+100.000001 << 5
+100.000001 << 6
+100.000001 << 7
+100.000001 << 8
+100.000001 << 9
+100.000001 << 10
+100.000001 << 11
+100.000001 << 12
+100.000001 << 13
+100.000001 << 14
+100.000001 << 15
+100.000001 << 16
+100.000001 << 17
+100.000001 << 18
+100.000001 << 19
+100.0000001 << 0
+100.0000001 << 1
+100.0000001 << 2
+100.0000001 << 3
+100.0000001 << 4
+100.0000001 << 5
+100.0000001 << 6
+100.0000001 << 7
+100.0000001 << 8
+100.0000001 << 9
+100.0000001 << 10
+100.0000001 << 11
+100.0000001 << 12
+100.0000001 << 13
+100.0000001 << 14
+100.0000001 << 15
+100.0000001 << 16
+100.0000001 << 17
+100.0000001 << 18
+100.0000001 << 19
+100.00000001 << 0
+100.00000001 << 1
+100.00000001 << 2
+100.00000001 << 3
+100.00000001 << 4
+100.00000001 << 5
+100.00000001 << 6
+100.00000001 << 7
+100.00000001 << 8
+100.00000001 << 9
+100.00000001 << 10
+100.00000001 << 11
+100.00000001 << 12
+100.00000001 << 13
+100.00000001 << 14
+100.00000001 << 15
+100.00000001 << 16
+100.00000001 << 17
+100.00000001 << 18
+100.00000001 << 19
+100.000000001 << 0
+100.000000001 << 1
+100.000000001 << 2
+100.000000001 << 3
+100.000000001 << 4
+100.000000001 << 5
+100.000000001 << 6
+100.000000001 << 7
+100.000000001 << 8
+100.000000001 << 9
+100.000000001 << 10
+100.000000001 << 11
+100.000000001 << 12
+100.000000001 << 13
+100.000000001 << 14
+100.000000001 << 15
+100.000000001 << 16
+100.000000001 << 17
+100.000000001 << 18
+100.000000001 << 19
+100.0000000001 << 0
+100.0000000001 << 1
+100.0000000001 << 2
+100.0000000001 << 3
+100.0000000001 << 4
+100.0000000001 << 5
+100.0000000001 << 6
+100.0000000001 << 7
+100.0000000001 << 8
+100.0000000001 << 9
+100.0000000001 << 10
+100.0000000001 << 11
+100.0000000001 << 12
+100.0000000001 << 13
+100.0000000001 << 14
+100.0000000001 << 15
+100.0000000001 << 16
+100.0000000001 << 17
+100.0000000001 << 18
+100.0000000001 << 19
+1000 << 0
+1000 << 1
+1000 << 2
+1000 << 3
+1000 << 4
+1000 << 5
+1000 << 6
+1000 << 7
+1000 << 8
+1000 << 9
+1000 << 10
+1000 << 11
+1000 << 12
+1000 << 13
+1000 << 14
+1000 << 15
+1000 << 16
+1000 << 17
+1000 << 18
+1000 << 19
+1000.1 << 0
+1000.1 << 1
+1000.1 << 2
+1000.1 << 3
+1000.1 << 4
+1000.1 << 5
+1000.1 << 6
+1000.1 << 7
+1000.1 << 8
+1000.1 << 9
+1000.1 << 10
+1000.1 << 11
+1000.1 << 12
+1000.1 << 13
+1000.1 << 14
+1000.1 << 15
+1000.1 << 16
+1000.1 << 17
+1000.1 << 18
+1000.1 << 19
+1000.01 << 0
+1000.01 << 1
+1000.01 << 2
+1000.01 << 3
+1000.01 << 4
+1000.01 << 5
+1000.01 << 6
+1000.01 << 7
+1000.01 << 8
+1000.01 << 9
+1000.01 << 10
+1000.01 << 11
+1000.01 << 12
+1000.01 << 13
+1000.01 << 14
+1000.01 << 15
+1000.01 << 16
+1000.01 << 17
+1000.01 << 18
+1000.01 << 19
+1000.001 << 0
+1000.001 << 1
+1000.001 << 2
+1000.001 << 3
+1000.001 << 4
+1000.001 << 5
+1000.001 << 6
+1000.001 << 7
+1000.001 << 8
+1000.001 << 9
+1000.001 << 10
+1000.001 << 11
+1000.001 << 12
+1000.001 << 13
+1000.001 << 14
+1000.001 << 15
+1000.001 << 16
+1000.001 << 17
+1000.001 << 18
+1000.001 << 19
+1000.0001 << 0
+1000.0001 << 1
+1000.0001 << 2
+1000.0001 << 3
+1000.0001 << 4
+1000.0001 << 5
+1000.0001 << 6
+1000.0001 << 7
+1000.0001 << 8
+1000.0001 << 9
+1000.0001 << 10
+1000.0001 << 11
+1000.0001 << 12
+1000.0001 << 13
+1000.0001 << 14
+1000.0001 << 15
+1000.0001 << 16
+1000.0001 << 17
+1000.0001 << 18
+1000.0001 << 19
+1000.00001 << 0
+1000.00001 << 1
+1000.00001 << 2
+1000.00001 << 3
+1000.00001 << 4
+1000.00001 << 5
+1000.00001 << 6
+1000.00001 << 7
+1000.00001 << 8
+1000.00001 << 9
+1000.00001 << 10
+1000.00001 << 11
+1000.00001 << 12
+1000.00001 << 13
+1000.00001 << 14
+1000.00001 << 15
+1000.00001 << 16
+1000.00001 << 17
+1000.00001 << 18
+1000.00001 << 19
+1000.000001 << 0
+1000.000001 << 1
+1000.000001 << 2
+1000.000001 << 3
+1000.000001 << 4
+1000.000001 << 5
+1000.000001 << 6
+1000.000001 << 7
+1000.000001 << 8
+1000.000001 << 9
+1000.000001 << 10
+1000.000001 << 11
+1000.000001 << 12
+1000.000001 << 13
+1000.000001 << 14
+1000.000001 << 15
+1000.000001 << 16
+1000.000001 << 17
+1000.000001 << 18
+1000.000001 << 19
+1000.0000001 << 0
+1000.0000001 << 1
+1000.0000001 << 2
+1000.0000001 << 3
+1000.0000001 << 4
+1000.0000001 << 5
+1000.0000001 << 6
+1000.0000001 << 7
+1000.0000001 << 8
+1000.0000001 << 9
+1000.0000001 << 10
+1000.0000001 << 11
+1000.0000001 << 12
+1000.0000001 << 13
+1000.0000001 << 14
+1000.0000001 << 15
+1000.0000001 << 16
+1000.0000001 << 17
+1000.0000001 << 18
+1000.0000001 << 19
+1000.00000001 << 0
+1000.00000001 << 1
+1000.00000001 << 2
+1000.00000001 << 3
+1000.00000001 << 4
+1000.00000001 << 5
+1000.00000001 << 6
+1000.00000001 << 7
+1000.00000001 << 8
+1000.00000001 << 9
+1000.00000001 << 10
+1000.00000001 << 11
+1000.00000001 << 12
+1000.00000001 << 13
+1000.00000001 << 14
+1000.00000001 << 15
+1000.00000001 << 16
+1000.00000001 << 17
+1000.00000001 << 18
+1000.00000001 << 19
+1000.000000001 << 0
+1000.000000001 << 1
+1000.000000001 << 2
+1000.000000001 << 3
+1000.000000001 << 4
+1000.000000001 << 5
+1000.000000001 << 6
+1000.000000001 << 7
+1000.000000001 << 8
+1000.000000001 << 9
+1000.000000001 << 10
+1000.000000001 << 11
+1000.000000001 << 12
+1000.000000001 << 13
+1000.000000001 << 14
+1000.000000001 << 15
+1000.000000001 << 16
+1000.000000001 << 17
+1000.000000001 << 18
+1000.000000001 << 19
+1000.0000000001 << 0
+1000.0000000001 << 1
+1000.0000000001 << 2
+1000.0000000001 << 3
+1000.0000000001 << 4
+1000.0000000001 << 5
+1000.0000000001 << 6
+1000.0000000001 << 7
+1000.0000000001 << 8
+1000.0000000001 << 9
+1000.0000000001 << 10
+1000.0000000001 << 11
+1000.0000000001 << 12
+1000.0000000001 << 13
+1000.0000000001 << 14
+1000.0000000001 << 15
+1000.0000000001 << 16
+1000.0000000001 << 17
+1000.0000000001 << 18
+1000.0000000001 << 19
+10000 << 0
+10000 << 1
+10000 << 2
+10000 << 3
+10000 << 4
+10000 << 5
+10000 << 6
+10000 << 7
+10000 << 8
+10000 << 9
+10000 << 10
+10000 << 11
+10000 << 12
+10000 << 13
+10000 << 14
+10000 << 15
+10000 << 16
+10000 << 17
+10000 << 18
+10000 << 19
+10000.1 << 0
+10000.1 << 1
+10000.1 << 2
+10000.1 << 3
+10000.1 << 4
+10000.1 << 5
+10000.1 << 6
+10000.1 << 7
+10000.1 << 8
+10000.1 << 9
+10000.1 << 10
+10000.1 << 11
+10000.1 << 12
+10000.1 << 13
+10000.1 << 14
+10000.1 << 15
+10000.1 << 16
+10000.1 << 17
+10000.1 << 18
+10000.1 << 19
+10000.01 << 0
+10000.01 << 1
+10000.01 << 2
+10000.01 << 3
+10000.01 << 4
+10000.01 << 5
+10000.01 << 6
+10000.01 << 7
+10000.01 << 8
+10000.01 << 9
+10000.01 << 10
+10000.01 << 11
+10000.01 << 12
+10000.01 << 13
+10000.01 << 14
+10000.01 << 15
+10000.01 << 16
+10000.01 << 17
+10000.01 << 18
+10000.01 << 19
+10000.001 << 0
+10000.001 << 1
+10000.001 << 2
+10000.001 << 3
+10000.001 << 4
+10000.001 << 5
+10000.001 << 6
+10000.001 << 7
+10000.001 << 8
+10000.001 << 9
+10000.001 << 10
+10000.001 << 11
+10000.001 << 12
+10000.001 << 13
+10000.001 << 14
+10000.001 << 15
+10000.001 << 16
+10000.001 << 17
+10000.001 << 18
+10000.001 << 19
+10000.0001 << 0
+10000.0001 << 1
+10000.0001 << 2
+10000.0001 << 3
+10000.0001 << 4
+10000.0001 << 5
+10000.0001 << 6
+10000.0001 << 7
+10000.0001 << 8
+10000.0001 << 9
+10000.0001 << 10
+10000.0001 << 11
+10000.0001 << 12
+10000.0001 << 13
+10000.0001 << 14
+10000.0001 << 15
+10000.0001 << 16
+10000.0001 << 17
+10000.0001 << 18
+10000.0001 << 19
+10000.00001 << 0
+10000.00001 << 1
+10000.00001 << 2
+10000.00001 << 3
+10000.00001 << 4
+10000.00001 << 5
+10000.00001 << 6
+10000.00001 << 7
+10000.00001 << 8
+10000.00001 << 9
+10000.00001 << 10
+10000.00001 << 11
+10000.00001 << 12
+10000.00001 << 13
+10000.00001 << 14
+10000.00001 << 15
+10000.00001 << 16
+10000.00001 << 17
+10000.00001 << 18
+10000.00001 << 19
+10000.000001 << 0
+10000.000001 << 1
+10000.000001 << 2
+10000.000001 << 3
+10000.000001 << 4
+10000.000001 << 5
+10000.000001 << 6
+10000.000001 << 7
+10000.000001 << 8
+10000.000001 << 9
+10000.000001 << 10
+10000.000001 << 11
+10000.000001 << 12
+10000.000001 << 13
+10000.000001 << 14
+10000.000001 << 15
+10000.000001 << 16
+10000.000001 << 17
+10000.000001 << 18
+10000.000001 << 19
+10000.0000001 << 0
+10000.0000001 << 1
+10000.0000001 << 2
+10000.0000001 << 3
+10000.0000001 << 4
+10000.0000001 << 5
+10000.0000001 << 6
+10000.0000001 << 7
+10000.0000001 << 8
+10000.0000001 << 9
+10000.0000001 << 10
+10000.0000001 << 11
+10000.0000001 << 12
+10000.0000001 << 13
+10000.0000001 << 14
+10000.0000001 << 15
+10000.0000001 << 16
+10000.0000001 << 17
+10000.0000001 << 18
+10000.0000001 << 19
+10000.00000001 << 0
+10000.00000001 << 1
+10000.00000001 << 2
+10000.00000001 << 3
+10000.00000001 << 4
+10000.00000001 << 5
+10000.00000001 << 6
+10000.00000001 << 7
+10000.00000001 << 8
+10000.00000001 << 9
+10000.00000001 << 10
+10000.00000001 << 11
+10000.00000001 << 12
+10000.00000001 << 13
+10000.00000001 << 14
+10000.00000001 << 15
+10000.00000001 << 16
+10000.00000001 << 17
+10000.00000001 << 18
+10000.00000001 << 19
+10000.000000001 << 0
+10000.000000001 << 1
+10000.000000001 << 2
+10000.000000001 << 3
+10000.000000001 << 4
+10000.000000001 << 5
+10000.000000001 << 6
+10000.000000001 << 7
+10000.000000001 << 8
+10000.000000001 << 9
+10000.000000001 << 10
+10000.000000001 << 11
+10000.000000001 << 12
+10000.000000001 << 13
+10000.000000001 << 14
+10000.000000001 << 15
+10000.000000001 << 16
+10000.000000001 << 17
+10000.000000001 << 18
+10000.000000001 << 19
+10000.0000000001 << 0
+10000.0000000001 << 1
+10000.0000000001 << 2
+10000.0000000001 << 3
+10000.0000000001 << 4
+10000.0000000001 << 5
+10000.0000000001 << 6
+10000.0000000001 << 7
+10000.0000000001 << 8
+10000.0000000001 << 9
+10000.0000000001 << 10
+10000.0000000001 << 11
+10000.0000000001 << 12
+10000.0000000001 << 13
+10000.0000000001 << 14
+10000.0000000001 << 15
+10000.0000000001 << 16
+10000.0000000001 << 17
+10000.0000000001 << 18
+10000.0000000001 << 19
+100000 << 0
+100000 << 1
+100000 << 2
+100000 << 3
+100000 << 4
+100000 << 5
+100000 << 6
+100000 << 7
+100000 << 8
+100000 << 9
+100000 << 10
+100000 << 11
+100000 << 12
+100000 << 13
+100000 << 14
+100000 << 15
+100000 << 16
+100000 << 17
+100000 << 18
+100000 << 19
+100000.1 << 0
+100000.1 << 1
+100000.1 << 2
+100000.1 << 3
+100000.1 << 4
+100000.1 << 5
+100000.1 << 6
+100000.1 << 7
+100000.1 << 8
+100000.1 << 9
+100000.1 << 10
+100000.1 << 11
+100000.1 << 12
+100000.1 << 13
+100000.1 << 14
+100000.1 << 15
+100000.1 << 16
+100000.1 << 17
+100000.1 << 18
+100000.1 << 19
+100000.01 << 0
+100000.01 << 1
+100000.01 << 2
+100000.01 << 3
+100000.01 << 4
+100000.01 << 5
+100000.01 << 6
+100000.01 << 7
+100000.01 << 8
+100000.01 << 9
+100000.01 << 10
+100000.01 << 11
+100000.01 << 12
+100000.01 << 13
+100000.01 << 14
+100000.01 << 15
+100000.01 << 16
+100000.01 << 17
+100000.01 << 18
+100000.01 << 19
+100000.001 << 0
+100000.001 << 1
+100000.001 << 2
+100000.001 << 3
+100000.001 << 4
+100000.001 << 5
+100000.001 << 6
+100000.001 << 7
+100000.001 << 8
+100000.001 << 9
+100000.001 << 10
+100000.001 << 11
+100000.001 << 12
+100000.001 << 13
+100000.001 << 14
+100000.001 << 15
+100000.001 << 16
+100000.001 << 17
+100000.001 << 18
+100000.001 << 19
+100000.0001 << 0
+100000.0001 << 1
+100000.0001 << 2
+100000.0001 << 3
+100000.0001 << 4
+100000.0001 << 5
+100000.0001 << 6
+100000.0001 << 7
+100000.0001 << 8
+100000.0001 << 9
+100000.0001 << 10
+100000.0001 << 11
+100000.0001 << 12
+100000.0001 << 13
+100000.0001 << 14
+100000.0001 << 15
+100000.0001 << 16
+100000.0001 << 17
+100000.0001 << 18
+100000.0001 << 19
+100000.00001 << 0
+100000.00001 << 1
+100000.00001 << 2
+100000.00001 << 3
+100000.00001 << 4
+100000.00001 << 5
+100000.00001 << 6
+100000.00001 << 7
+100000.00001 << 8
+100000.00001 << 9
+100000.00001 << 10
+100000.00001 << 11
+100000.00001 << 12
+100000.00001 << 13
+100000.00001 << 14
+100000.00001 << 15
+100000.00001 << 16
+100000.00001 << 17
+100000.00001 << 18
+100000.00001 << 19
+100000.000001 << 0
+100000.000001 << 1
+100000.000001 << 2
+100000.000001 << 3
+100000.000001 << 4
+100000.000001 << 5
+100000.000001 << 6
+100000.000001 << 7
+100000.000001 << 8
+100000.000001 << 9
+100000.000001 << 10
+100000.000001 << 11
+100000.000001 << 12
+100000.000001 << 13
+100000.000001 << 14
+100000.000001 << 15
+100000.000001 << 16
+100000.000001 << 17
+100000.000001 << 18
+100000.000001 << 19
+100000.0000001 << 0
+100000.0000001 << 1
+100000.0000001 << 2
+100000.0000001 << 3
+100000.0000001 << 4
+100000.0000001 << 5
+100000.0000001 << 6
+100000.0000001 << 7
+100000.0000001 << 8
+100000.0000001 << 9
+100000.0000001 << 10
+100000.0000001 << 11
+100000.0000001 << 12
+100000.0000001 << 13
+100000.0000001 << 14
+100000.0000001 << 15
+100000.0000001 << 16
+100000.0000001 << 17
+100000.0000001 << 18
+100000.0000001 << 19
+100000.00000001 << 0
+100000.00000001 << 1
+100000.00000001 << 2
+100000.00000001 << 3
+100000.00000001 << 4
+100000.00000001 << 5
+100000.00000001 << 6
+100000.00000001 << 7
+100000.00000001 << 8
+100000.00000001 << 9
+100000.00000001 << 10
+100000.00000001 << 11
+100000.00000001 << 12
+100000.00000001 << 13
+100000.00000001 << 14
+100000.00000001 << 15
+100000.00000001 << 16
+100000.00000001 << 17
+100000.00000001 << 18
+100000.00000001 << 19
+100000.000000001 << 0
+100000.000000001 << 1
+100000.000000001 << 2
+100000.000000001 << 3
+100000.000000001 << 4
+100000.000000001 << 5
+100000.000000001 << 6
+100000.000000001 << 7
+100000.000000001 << 8
+100000.000000001 << 9
+100000.000000001 << 10
+100000.000000001 << 11
+100000.000000001 << 12
+100000.000000001 << 13
+100000.000000001 << 14
+100000.000000001 << 15
+100000.000000001 << 16
+100000.000000001 << 17
+100000.000000001 << 18
+100000.000000001 << 19
+100000.0000000001 << 0
+100000.0000000001 << 1
+100000.0000000001 << 2
+100000.0000000001 << 3
+100000.0000000001 << 4
+100000.0000000001 << 5
+100000.0000000001 << 6
+100000.0000000001 << 7
+100000.0000000001 << 8
+100000.0000000001 << 9
+100000.0000000001 << 10
+100000.0000000001 << 11
+100000.0000000001 << 12
+100000.0000000001 << 13
+100000.0000000001 << 14
+100000.0000000001 << 15
+100000.0000000001 << 16
+100000.0000000001 << 17
+100000.0000000001 << 18
+100000.0000000001 << 19
+1000000 << 0
+1000000 << 1
+1000000 << 2
+1000000 << 3
+1000000 << 4
+1000000 << 5
+1000000 << 6
+1000000 << 7
+1000000 << 8
+1000000 << 9
+1000000 << 10
+1000000 << 11
+1000000 << 12
+1000000 << 13
+1000000 << 14
+1000000 << 15
+1000000 << 16
+1000000 << 17
+1000000 << 18
+1000000 << 19
+1000000.1 << 0
+1000000.1 << 1
+1000000.1 << 2
+1000000.1 << 3
+1000000.1 << 4
+1000000.1 << 5
+1000000.1 << 6
+1000000.1 << 7
+1000000.1 << 8
+1000000.1 << 9
+1000000.1 << 10
+1000000.1 << 11
+1000000.1 << 12
+1000000.1 << 13
+1000000.1 << 14
+1000000.1 << 15
+1000000.1 << 16
+1000000.1 << 17
+1000000.1 << 18
+1000000.1 << 19
+1000000.01 << 0
+1000000.01 << 1
+1000000.01 << 2
+1000000.01 << 3
+1000000.01 << 4
+1000000.01 << 5
+1000000.01 << 6
+1000000.01 << 7
+1000000.01 << 8
+1000000.01 << 9
+1000000.01 << 10
+1000000.01 << 11
+1000000.01 << 12
+1000000.01 << 13
+1000000.01 << 14
+1000000.01 << 15
+1000000.01 << 16
+1000000.01 << 17
+1000000.01 << 18
+1000000.01 << 19
+1000000.001 << 0
+1000000.001 << 1
+1000000.001 << 2
+1000000.001 << 3
+1000000.001 << 4
+1000000.001 << 5
+1000000.001 << 6
+1000000.001 << 7
+1000000.001 << 8
+1000000.001 << 9
+1000000.001 << 10
+1000000.001 << 11
+1000000.001 << 12
+1000000.001 << 13
+1000000.001 << 14
+1000000.001 << 15
+1000000.001 << 16
+1000000.001 << 17
+1000000.001 << 18
+1000000.001 << 19
+1000000.0001 << 0
+1000000.0001 << 1
+1000000.0001 << 2
+1000000.0001 << 3
+1000000.0001 << 4
+1000000.0001 << 5
+1000000.0001 << 6
+1000000.0001 << 7
+1000000.0001 << 8
+1000000.0001 << 9
+1000000.0001 << 10
+1000000.0001 << 11
+1000000.0001 << 12
+1000000.0001 << 13
+1000000.0001 << 14
+1000000.0001 << 15
+1000000.0001 << 16
+1000000.0001 << 17
+1000000.0001 << 18
+1000000.0001 << 19
+1000000.00001 << 0
+1000000.00001 << 1
+1000000.00001 << 2
+1000000.00001 << 3
+1000000.00001 << 4
+1000000.00001 << 5
+1000000.00001 << 6
+1000000.00001 << 7
+1000000.00001 << 8
+1000000.00001 << 9
+1000000.00001 << 10
+1000000.00001 << 11
+1000000.00001 << 12
+1000000.00001 << 13
+1000000.00001 << 14
+1000000.00001 << 15
+1000000.00001 << 16
+1000000.00001 << 17
+1000000.00001 << 18
+1000000.00001 << 19
+1000000.000001 << 0
+1000000.000001 << 1
+1000000.000001 << 2
+1000000.000001 << 3
+1000000.000001 << 4
+1000000.000001 << 5
+1000000.000001 << 6
+1000000.000001 << 7
+1000000.000001 << 8
+1000000.000001 << 9
+1000000.000001 << 10
+1000000.000001 << 11
+1000000.000001 << 12
+1000000.000001 << 13
+1000000.000001 << 14
+1000000.000001 << 15
+1000000.000001 << 16
+1000000.000001 << 17
+1000000.000001 << 18
+1000000.000001 << 19
+1000000.0000001 << 0
+1000000.0000001 << 1
+1000000.0000001 << 2
+1000000.0000001 << 3
+1000000.0000001 << 4
+1000000.0000001 << 5
+1000000.0000001 << 6
+1000000.0000001 << 7
+1000000.0000001 << 8
+1000000.0000001 << 9
+1000000.0000001 << 10
+1000000.0000001 << 11
+1000000.0000001 << 12
+1000000.0000001 << 13
+1000000.0000001 << 14
+1000000.0000001 << 15
+1000000.0000001 << 16
+1000000.0000001 << 17
+1000000.0000001 << 18
+1000000.0000001 << 19
+1000000.00000001 << 0
+1000000.00000001 << 1
+1000000.00000001 << 2
+1000000.00000001 << 3
+1000000.00000001 << 4
+1000000.00000001 << 5
+1000000.00000001 << 6
+1000000.00000001 << 7
+1000000.00000001 << 8
+1000000.00000001 << 9
+1000000.00000001 << 10
+1000000.00000001 << 11
+1000000.00000001 << 12
+1000000.00000001 << 13
+1000000.00000001 << 14
+1000000.00000001 << 15
+1000000.00000001 << 16
+1000000.00000001 << 17
+1000000.00000001 << 18
+1000000.00000001 << 19
+1000000.000000001 << 0
+1000000.000000001 << 1
+1000000.000000001 << 2
+1000000.000000001 << 3
+1000000.000000001 << 4
+1000000.000000001 << 5
+1000000.000000001 << 6
+1000000.000000001 << 7
+1000000.000000001 << 8
+1000000.000000001 << 9
+1000000.000000001 << 10
+1000000.000000001 << 11
+1000000.000000001 << 12
+1000000.000000001 << 13
+1000000.000000001 << 14
+1000000.000000001 << 15
+1000000.000000001 << 16
+1000000.000000001 << 17
+1000000.000000001 << 18
+1000000.000000001 << 19
+1000000.0000000001 << 0
+1000000.0000000001 << 1
+1000000.0000000001 << 2
+1000000.0000000001 << 3
+1000000.0000000001 << 4
+1000000.0000000001 << 5
+1000000.0000000001 << 6
+1000000.0000000001 << 7
+1000000.0000000001 << 8
+1000000.0000000001 << 9
+1000000.0000000001 << 10
+1000000.0000000001 << 11
+1000000.0000000001 << 12
+1000000.0000000001 << 13
+1000000.0000000001 << 14
+1000000.0000000001 << 15
+1000000.0000000001 << 16
+1000000.0000000001 << 17
+1000000.0000000001 << 18
+1000000.0000000001 << 19
+10000000 << 0
+10000000 << 1
+10000000 << 2
+10000000 << 3
+10000000 << 4
+10000000 << 5
+10000000 << 6
+10000000 << 7
+10000000 << 8
+10000000 << 9
+10000000 << 10
+10000000 << 11
+10000000 << 12
+10000000 << 13
+10000000 << 14
+10000000 << 15
+10000000 << 16
+10000000 << 17
+10000000 << 18
+10000000 << 19
+10000000.1 << 0
+10000000.1 << 1
+10000000.1 << 2
+10000000.1 << 3
+10000000.1 << 4
+10000000.1 << 5
+10000000.1 << 6
+10000000.1 << 7
+10000000.1 << 8
+10000000.1 << 9
+10000000.1 << 10
+10000000.1 << 11
+10000000.1 << 12
+10000000.1 << 13
+10000000.1 << 14
+10000000.1 << 15
+10000000.1 << 16
+10000000.1 << 17
+10000000.1 << 18
+10000000.1 << 19
+10000000.01 << 0
+10000000.01 << 1
+10000000.01 << 2
+10000000.01 << 3
+10000000.01 << 4
+10000000.01 << 5
+10000000.01 << 6
+10000000.01 << 7
+10000000.01 << 8
+10000000.01 << 9
+10000000.01 << 10
+10000000.01 << 11
+10000000.01 << 12
+10000000.01 << 13
+10000000.01 << 14
+10000000.01 << 15
+10000000.01 << 16
+10000000.01 << 17
+10000000.01 << 18
+10000000.01 << 19
+10000000.001 << 0
+10000000.001 << 1
+10000000.001 << 2
+10000000.001 << 3
+10000000.001 << 4
+10000000.001 << 5
+10000000.001 << 6
+10000000.001 << 7
+10000000.001 << 8
+10000000.001 << 9
+10000000.001 << 10
+10000000.001 << 11
+10000000.001 << 12
+10000000.001 << 13
+10000000.001 << 14
+10000000.001 << 15
+10000000.001 << 16
+10000000.001 << 17
+10000000.001 << 18
+10000000.001 << 19
+10000000.0001 << 0
+10000000.0001 << 1
+10000000.0001 << 2
+10000000.0001 << 3
+10000000.0001 << 4
+10000000.0001 << 5
+10000000.0001 << 6
+10000000.0001 << 7
+10000000.0001 << 8
+10000000.0001 << 9
+10000000.0001 << 10
+10000000.0001 << 11
+10000000.0001 << 12
+10000000.0001 << 13
+10000000.0001 << 14
+10000000.0001 << 15
+10000000.0001 << 16
+10000000.0001 << 17
+10000000.0001 << 18
+10000000.0001 << 19
+10000000.00001 << 0
+10000000.00001 << 1
+10000000.00001 << 2
+10000000.00001 << 3
+10000000.00001 << 4
+10000000.00001 << 5
+10000000.00001 << 6
+10000000.00001 << 7
+10000000.00001 << 8
+10000000.00001 << 9
+10000000.00001 << 10
+10000000.00001 << 11
+10000000.00001 << 12
+10000000.00001 << 13
+10000000.00001 << 14
+10000000.00001 << 15
+10000000.00001 << 16
+10000000.00001 << 17
+10000000.00001 << 18
+10000000.00001 << 19
+10000000.000001 << 0
+10000000.000001 << 1
+10000000.000001 << 2
+10000000.000001 << 3
+10000000.000001 << 4
+10000000.000001 << 5
+10000000.000001 << 6
+10000000.000001 << 7
+10000000.000001 << 8
+10000000.000001 << 9
+10000000.000001 << 10
+10000000.000001 << 11
+10000000.000001 << 12
+10000000.000001 << 13
+10000000.000001 << 14
+10000000.000001 << 15
+10000000.000001 << 16
+10000000.000001 << 17
+10000000.000001 << 18
+10000000.000001 << 19
+10000000.0000001 << 0
+10000000.0000001 << 1
+10000000.0000001 << 2
+10000000.0000001 << 3
+10000000.0000001 << 4
+10000000.0000001 << 5
+10000000.0000001 << 6
+10000000.0000001 << 7
+10000000.0000001 << 8
+10000000.0000001 << 9
+10000000.0000001 << 10
+10000000.0000001 << 11
+10000000.0000001 << 12
+10000000.0000001 << 13
+10000000.0000001 << 14
+10000000.0000001 << 15
+10000000.0000001 << 16
+10000000.0000001 << 17
+10000000.0000001 << 18
+10000000.0000001 << 19
+10000000.00000001 << 0
+10000000.00000001 << 1
+10000000.00000001 << 2
+10000000.00000001 << 3
+10000000.00000001 << 4
+10000000.00000001 << 5
+10000000.00000001 << 6
+10000000.00000001 << 7
+10000000.00000001 << 8
+10000000.00000001 << 9
+10000000.00000001 << 10
+10000000.00000001 << 11
+10000000.00000001 << 12
+10000000.00000001 << 13
+10000000.00000001 << 14
+10000000.00000001 << 15
+10000000.00000001 << 16
+10000000.00000001 << 17
+10000000.00000001 << 18
+10000000.00000001 << 19
+10000000.000000001 << 0
+10000000.000000001 << 1
+10000000.000000001 << 2
+10000000.000000001 << 3
+10000000.000000001 << 4
+10000000.000000001 << 5
+10000000.000000001 << 6
+10000000.000000001 << 7
+10000000.000000001 << 8
+10000000.000000001 << 9
+10000000.000000001 << 10
+10000000.000000001 << 11
+10000000.000000001 << 12
+10000000.000000001 << 13
+10000000.000000001 << 14
+10000000.000000001 << 15
+10000000.000000001 << 16
+10000000.000000001 << 17
+10000000.000000001 << 18
+10000000.000000001 << 19
+10000000.0000000001 << 0
+10000000.0000000001 << 1
+10000000.0000000001 << 2
+10000000.0000000001 << 3
+10000000.0000000001 << 4
+10000000.0000000001 << 5
+10000000.0000000001 << 6
+10000000.0000000001 << 7
+10000000.0000000001 << 8
+10000000.0000000001 << 9
+10000000.0000000001 << 10
+10000000.0000000001 << 11
+10000000.0000000001 << 12
+10000000.0000000001 << 13
+10000000.0000000001 << 14
+10000000.0000000001 << 15
+10000000.0000000001 << 16
+10000000.0000000001 << 17
+10000000.0000000001 << 18
+10000000.0000000001 << 19
+100000000 << 0
+100000000 << 1
+100000000 << 2
+100000000 << 3
+100000000 << 4
+100000000 << 5
+100000000 << 6
+100000000 << 7
+100000000 << 8
+100000000 << 9
+100000000 << 10
+100000000 << 11
+100000000 << 12
+100000000 << 13
+100000000 << 14
+100000000 << 15
+100000000 << 16
+100000000 << 17
+100000000 << 18
+100000000 << 19
+100000000.1 << 0
+100000000.1 << 1
+100000000.1 << 2
+100000000.1 << 3
+100000000.1 << 4
+100000000.1 << 5
+100000000.1 << 6
+100000000.1 << 7
+100000000.1 << 8
+100000000.1 << 9
+100000000.1 << 10
+100000000.1 << 11
+100000000.1 << 12
+100000000.1 << 13
+100000000.1 << 14
+100000000.1 << 15
+100000000.1 << 16
+100000000.1 << 17
+100000000.1 << 18
+100000000.1 << 19
+100000000.01 << 0
+100000000.01 << 1
+100000000.01 << 2
+100000000.01 << 3
+100000000.01 << 4
+100000000.01 << 5
+100000000.01 << 6
+100000000.01 << 7
+100000000.01 << 8
+100000000.01 << 9
+100000000.01 << 10
+100000000.01 << 11
+100000000.01 << 12
+100000000.01 << 13
+100000000.01 << 14
+100000000.01 << 15
+100000000.01 << 16
+100000000.01 << 17
+100000000.01 << 18
+100000000.01 << 19
+100000000.001 << 0
+100000000.001 << 1
+100000000.001 << 2
+100000000.001 << 3
+100000000.001 << 4
+100000000.001 << 5
+100000000.001 << 6
+100000000.001 << 7
+100000000.001 << 8
+100000000.001 << 9
+100000000.001 << 10
+100000000.001 << 11
+100000000.001 << 12
+100000000.001 << 13
+100000000.001 << 14
+100000000.001 << 15
+100000000.001 << 16
+100000000.001 << 17
+100000000.001 << 18
+100000000.001 << 19
+100000000.0001 << 0
+100000000.0001 << 1
+100000000.0001 << 2
+100000000.0001 << 3
+100000000.0001 << 4
+100000000.0001 << 5
+100000000.0001 << 6
+100000000.0001 << 7
+100000000.0001 << 8
+100000000.0001 << 9
+100000000.0001 << 10
+100000000.0001 << 11
+100000000.0001 << 12
+100000000.0001 << 13
+100000000.0001 << 14
+100000000.0001 << 15
+100000000.0001 << 16
+100000000.0001 << 17
+100000000.0001 << 18
+100000000.0001 << 19
+100000000.00001 << 0
+100000000.00001 << 1
+100000000.00001 << 2
+100000000.00001 << 3
+100000000.00001 << 4
+100000000.00001 << 5
+100000000.00001 << 6
+100000000.00001 << 7
+100000000.00001 << 8
+100000000.00001 << 9
+100000000.00001 << 10
+100000000.00001 << 11
+100000000.00001 << 12
+100000000.00001 << 13
+100000000.00001 << 14
+100000000.00001 << 15
+100000000.00001 << 16
+100000000.00001 << 17
+100000000.00001 << 18
+100000000.00001 << 19
+100000000.000001 << 0
+100000000.000001 << 1
+100000000.000001 << 2
+100000000.000001 << 3
+100000000.000001 << 4
+100000000.000001 << 5
+100000000.000001 << 6
+100000000.000001 << 7
+100000000.000001 << 8
+100000000.000001 << 9
+100000000.000001 << 10
+100000000.000001 << 11
+100000000.000001 << 12
+100000000.000001 << 13
+100000000.000001 << 14
+100000000.000001 << 15
+100000000.000001 << 16
+100000000.000001 << 17
+100000000.000001 << 18
+100000000.000001 << 19
+100000000.0000001 << 0
+100000000.0000001 << 1
+100000000.0000001 << 2
+100000000.0000001 << 3
+100000000.0000001 << 4
+100000000.0000001 << 5
+100000000.0000001 << 6
+100000000.0000001 << 7
+100000000.0000001 << 8
+100000000.0000001 << 9
+100000000.0000001 << 10
+100000000.0000001 << 11
+100000000.0000001 << 12
+100000000.0000001 << 13
+100000000.0000001 << 14
+100000000.0000001 << 15
+100000000.0000001 << 16
+100000000.0000001 << 17
+100000000.0000001 << 18
+100000000.0000001 << 19
+100000000.00000001 << 0
+100000000.00000001 << 1
+100000000.00000001 << 2
+100000000.00000001 << 3
+100000000.00000001 << 4
+100000000.00000001 << 5
+100000000.00000001 << 6
+100000000.00000001 << 7
+100000000.00000001 << 8
+100000000.00000001 << 9
+100000000.00000001 << 10
+100000000.00000001 << 11
+100000000.00000001 << 12
+100000000.00000001 << 13
+100000000.00000001 << 14
+100000000.00000001 << 15
+100000000.00000001 << 16
+100000000.00000001 << 17
+100000000.00000001 << 18
+100000000.00000001 << 19
+100000000.000000001 << 0
+100000000.000000001 << 1
+100000000.000000001 << 2
+100000000.000000001 << 3
+100000000.000000001 << 4
+100000000.000000001 << 5
+100000000.000000001 << 6
+100000000.000000001 << 7
+100000000.000000001 << 8
+100000000.000000001 << 9
+100000000.000000001 << 10
+100000000.000000001 << 11
+100000000.000000001 << 12
+100000000.000000001 << 13
+100000000.000000001 << 14
+100000000.000000001 << 15
+100000000.000000001 << 16
+100000000.000000001 << 17
+100000000.000000001 << 18
+100000000.000000001 << 19
+100000000.0000000001 << 0
+100000000.0000000001 << 1
+100000000.0000000001 << 2
+100000000.0000000001 << 3
+100000000.0000000001 << 4
+100000000.0000000001 << 5
+100000000.0000000001 << 6
+100000000.0000000001 << 7
+100000000.0000000001 << 8
+100000000.0000000001 << 9
+100000000.0000000001 << 10
+100000000.0000000001 << 11
+100000000.0000000001 << 12
+100000000.0000000001 << 13
+100000000.0000000001 << 14
+100000000.0000000001 << 15
+100000000.0000000001 << 16
+100000000.0000000001 << 17
+100000000.0000000001 << 18
+100000000.0000000001 << 19
+1000000000 << 0
+1000000000 << 1
+1000000000 << 2
+1000000000 << 3
+1000000000 << 4
+1000000000 << 5
+1000000000 << 6
+1000000000 << 7
+1000000000 << 8
+1000000000 << 9
+1000000000 << 10
+1000000000 << 11
+1000000000 << 12
+1000000000 << 13
+1000000000 << 14
+1000000000 << 15
+1000000000 << 16
+1000000000 << 17
+1000000000 << 18
+1000000000 << 19
+1000000000.1 << 0
+1000000000.1 << 1
+1000000000.1 << 2
+1000000000.1 << 3
+1000000000.1 << 4
+1000000000.1 << 5
+1000000000.1 << 6
+1000000000.1 << 7
+1000000000.1 << 8
+1000000000.1 << 9
+1000000000.1 << 10
+1000000000.1 << 11
+1000000000.1 << 12
+1000000000.1 << 13
+1000000000.1 << 14
+1000000000.1 << 15
+1000000000.1 << 16
+1000000000.1 << 17
+1000000000.1 << 18
+1000000000.1 << 19
+1000000000.01 << 0
+1000000000.01 << 1
+1000000000.01 << 2
+1000000000.01 << 3
+1000000000.01 << 4
+1000000000.01 << 5
+1000000000.01 << 6
+1000000000.01 << 7
+1000000000.01 << 8
+1000000000.01 << 9
+1000000000.01 << 10
+1000000000.01 << 11
+1000000000.01 << 12
+1000000000.01 << 13
+1000000000.01 << 14
+1000000000.01 << 15
+1000000000.01 << 16
+1000000000.01 << 17
+1000000000.01 << 18
+1000000000.01 << 19
+1000000000.001 << 0
+1000000000.001 << 1
+1000000000.001 << 2
+1000000000.001 << 3
+1000000000.001 << 4
+1000000000.001 << 5
+1000000000.001 << 6
+1000000000.001 << 7
+1000000000.001 << 8
+1000000000.001 << 9
+1000000000.001 << 10
+1000000000.001 << 11
+1000000000.001 << 12
+1000000000.001 << 13
+1000000000.001 << 14
+1000000000.001 << 15
+1000000000.001 << 16
+1000000000.001 << 17
+1000000000.001 << 18
+1000000000.001 << 19
+1000000000.0001 << 0
+1000000000.0001 << 1
+1000000000.0001 << 2
+1000000000.0001 << 3
+1000000000.0001 << 4
+1000000000.0001 << 5
+1000000000.0001 << 6
+1000000000.0001 << 7
+1000000000.0001 << 8
+1000000000.0001 << 9
+1000000000.0001 << 10
+1000000000.0001 << 11
+1000000000.0001 << 12
+1000000000.0001 << 13
+1000000000.0001 << 14
+1000000000.0001 << 15
+1000000000.0001 << 16
+1000000000.0001 << 17
+1000000000.0001 << 18
+1000000000.0001 << 19
+1000000000.00001 << 0
+1000000000.00001 << 1
+1000000000.00001 << 2
+1000000000.00001 << 3
+1000000000.00001 << 4
+1000000000.00001 << 5
+1000000000.00001 << 6
+1000000000.00001 << 7
+1000000000.00001 << 8
+1000000000.00001 << 9
+1000000000.00001 << 10
+1000000000.00001 << 11
+1000000000.00001 << 12
+1000000000.00001 << 13
+1000000000.00001 << 14
+1000000000.00001 << 15
+1000000000.00001 << 16
+1000000000.00001 << 17
+1000000000.00001 << 18
+1000000000.00001 << 19
+1000000000.000001 << 0
+1000000000.000001 << 1
+1000000000.000001 << 2
+1000000000.000001 << 3
+1000000000.000001 << 4
+1000000000.000001 << 5
+1000000000.000001 << 6
+1000000000.000001 << 7
+1000000000.000001 << 8
+1000000000.000001 << 9
+1000000000.000001 << 10
+1000000000.000001 << 11
+1000000000.000001 << 12
+1000000000.000001 << 13
+1000000000.000001 << 14
+1000000000.000001 << 15
+1000000000.000001 << 16
+1000000000.000001 << 17
+1000000000.000001 << 18
+1000000000.000001 << 19
+1000000000.0000001 << 0
+1000000000.0000001 << 1
+1000000000.0000001 << 2
+1000000000.0000001 << 3
+1000000000.0000001 << 4
+1000000000.0000001 << 5
+1000000000.0000001 << 6
+1000000000.0000001 << 7
+1000000000.0000001 << 8
+1000000000.0000001 << 9
+1000000000.0000001 << 10
+1000000000.0000001 << 11
+1000000000.0000001 << 12
+1000000000.0000001 << 13
+1000000000.0000001 << 14
+1000000000.0000001 << 15
+1000000000.0000001 << 16
+1000000000.0000001 << 17
+1000000000.0000001 << 18
+1000000000.0000001 << 19
+1000000000.00000001 << 0
+1000000000.00000001 << 1
+1000000000.00000001 << 2
+1000000000.00000001 << 3
+1000000000.00000001 << 4
+1000000000.00000001 << 5
+1000000000.00000001 << 6
+1000000000.00000001 << 7
+1000000000.00000001 << 8
+1000000000.00000001 << 9
+1000000000.00000001 << 10
+1000000000.00000001 << 11
+1000000000.00000001 << 12
+1000000000.00000001 << 13
+1000000000.00000001 << 14
+1000000000.00000001 << 15
+1000000000.00000001 << 16
+1000000000.00000001 << 17
+1000000000.00000001 << 18
+1000000000.00000001 << 19
+1000000000.000000001 << 0
+1000000000.000000001 << 1
+1000000000.000000001 << 2
+1000000000.000000001 << 3
+1000000000.000000001 << 4
+1000000000.000000001 << 5
+1000000000.000000001 << 6
+1000000000.000000001 << 7
+1000000000.000000001 << 8
+1000000000.000000001 << 9
+1000000000.000000001 << 10
+1000000000.000000001 << 11
+1000000000.000000001 << 12
+1000000000.000000001 << 13
+1000000000.000000001 << 14
+1000000000.000000001 << 15
+1000000000.000000001 << 16
+1000000000.000000001 << 17
+1000000000.000000001 << 18
+1000000000.000000001 << 19
+1000000000.0000000001 << 0
+1000000000.0000000001 << 1
+1000000000.0000000001 << 2
+1000000000.0000000001 << 3
+1000000000.0000000001 << 4
+1000000000.0000000001 << 5
+1000000000.0000000001 << 6
+1000000000.0000000001 << 7
+1000000000.0000000001 << 8
+1000000000.0000000001 << 9
+1000000000.0000000001 << 10
+1000000000.0000000001 << 11
+1000000000.0000000001 << 12
+1000000000.0000000001 << 13
+1000000000.0000000001 << 14
+1000000000.0000000001 << 15
+1000000000.0000000001 << 16
+1000000000.0000000001 << 17
+1000000000.0000000001 << 18
+1000000000.0000000001 << 19
+10000000000 << 0
+10000000000 << 1
+10000000000 << 2
+10000000000 << 3
+10000000000 << 4
+10000000000 << 5
+10000000000 << 6
+10000000000 << 7
+10000000000 << 8
+10000000000 << 9
+10000000000 << 10
+10000000000 << 11
+10000000000 << 12
+10000000000 << 13
+10000000000 << 14
+10000000000 << 15
+10000000000 << 16
+10000000000 << 17
+10000000000 << 18
+10000000000 << 19
+10000000000.1 << 0
+10000000000.1 << 1
+10000000000.1 << 2
+10000000000.1 << 3
+10000000000.1 << 4
+10000000000.1 << 5
+10000000000.1 << 6
+10000000000.1 << 7
+10000000000.1 << 8
+10000000000.1 << 9
+10000000000.1 << 10
+10000000000.1 << 11
+10000000000.1 << 12
+10000000000.1 << 13
+10000000000.1 << 14
+10000000000.1 << 15
+10000000000.1 << 16
+10000000000.1 << 17
+10000000000.1 << 18
+10000000000.1 << 19
+10000000000.01 << 0
+10000000000.01 << 1
+10000000000.01 << 2
+10000000000.01 << 3
+10000000000.01 << 4
+10000000000.01 << 5
+10000000000.01 << 6
+10000000000.01 << 7
+10000000000.01 << 8
+10000000000.01 << 9
+10000000000.01 << 10
+10000000000.01 << 11
+10000000000.01 << 12
+10000000000.01 << 13
+10000000000.01 << 14
+10000000000.01 << 15
+10000000000.01 << 16
+10000000000.01 << 17
+10000000000.01 << 18
+10000000000.01 << 19
+10000000000.001 << 0
+10000000000.001 << 1
+10000000000.001 << 2
+10000000000.001 << 3
+10000000000.001 << 4
+10000000000.001 << 5
+10000000000.001 << 6
+10000000000.001 << 7
+10000000000.001 << 8
+10000000000.001 << 9
+10000000000.001 << 10
+10000000000.001 << 11
+10000000000.001 << 12
+10000000000.001 << 13
+10000000000.001 << 14
+10000000000.001 << 15
+10000000000.001 << 16
+10000000000.001 << 17
+10000000000.001 << 18
+10000000000.001 << 19
+10000000000.0001 << 0
+10000000000.0001 << 1
+10000000000.0001 << 2
+10000000000.0001 << 3
+10000000000.0001 << 4
+10000000000.0001 << 5
+10000000000.0001 << 6
+10000000000.0001 << 7
+10000000000.0001 << 8
+10000000000.0001 << 9
+10000000000.0001 << 10
+10000000000.0001 << 11
+10000000000.0001 << 12
+10000000000.0001 << 13
+10000000000.0001 << 14
+10000000000.0001 << 15
+10000000000.0001 << 16
+10000000000.0001 << 17
+10000000000.0001 << 18
+10000000000.0001 << 19
+10000000000.00001 << 0
+10000000000.00001 << 1
+10000000000.00001 << 2
+10000000000.00001 << 3
+10000000000.00001 << 4
+10000000000.00001 << 5
+10000000000.00001 << 6
+10000000000.00001 << 7
+10000000000.00001 << 8
+10000000000.00001 << 9
+10000000000.00001 << 10
+10000000000.00001 << 11
+10000000000.00001 << 12
+10000000000.00001 << 13
+10000000000.00001 << 14
+10000000000.00001 << 15
+10000000000.00001 << 16
+10000000000.00001 << 17
+10000000000.00001 << 18
+10000000000.00001 << 19
+10000000000.000001 << 0
+10000000000.000001 << 1
+10000000000.000001 << 2
+10000000000.000001 << 3
+10000000000.000001 << 4
+10000000000.000001 << 5
+10000000000.000001 << 6
+10000000000.000001 << 7
+10000000000.000001 << 8
+10000000000.000001 << 9
+10000000000.000001 << 10
+10000000000.000001 << 11
+10000000000.000001 << 12
+10000000000.000001 << 13
+10000000000.000001 << 14
+10000000000.000001 << 15
+10000000000.000001 << 16
+10000000000.000001 << 17
+10000000000.000001 << 18
+10000000000.000001 << 19
+10000000000.0000001 << 0
+10000000000.0000001 << 1
+10000000000.0000001 << 2
+10000000000.0000001 << 3
+10000000000.0000001 << 4
+10000000000.0000001 << 5
+10000000000.0000001 << 6
+10000000000.0000001 << 7
+10000000000.0000001 << 8
+10000000000.0000001 << 9
+10000000000.0000001 << 10
+10000000000.0000001 << 11
+10000000000.0000001 << 12
+10000000000.0000001 << 13
+10000000000.0000001 << 14
+10000000000.0000001 << 15
+10000000000.0000001 << 16
+10000000000.0000001 << 17
+10000000000.0000001 << 18
+10000000000.0000001 << 19
+10000000000.00000001 << 0
+10000000000.00000001 << 1
+10000000000.00000001 << 2
+10000000000.00000001 << 3
+10000000000.00000001 << 4
+10000000000.00000001 << 5
+10000000000.00000001 << 6
+10000000000.00000001 << 7
+10000000000.00000001 << 8
+10000000000.00000001 << 9
+10000000000.00000001 << 10
+10000000000.00000001 << 11
+10000000000.00000001 << 12
+10000000000.00000001 << 13
+10000000000.00000001 << 14
+10000000000.00000001 << 15
+10000000000.00000001 << 16
+10000000000.00000001 << 17
+10000000000.00000001 << 18
+10000000000.00000001 << 19
+10000000000.000000001 << 0
+10000000000.000000001 << 1
+10000000000.000000001 << 2
+10000000000.000000001 << 3
+10000000000.000000001 << 4
+10000000000.000000001 << 5
+10000000000.000000001 << 6
+10000000000.000000001 << 7
+10000000000.000000001 << 8
+10000000000.000000001 << 9
+10000000000.000000001 << 10
+10000000000.000000001 << 11
+10000000000.000000001 << 12
+10000000000.000000001 << 13
+10000000000.000000001 << 14
+10000000000.000000001 << 15
+10000000000.000000001 << 16
+10000000000.000000001 << 17
+10000000000.000000001 << 18
+10000000000.000000001 << 19
+10000000000.0000000001 << 0
+10000000000.0000000001 << 1
+10000000000.0000000001 << 2
+10000000000.0000000001 << 3
+10000000000.0000000001 << 4
+10000000000.0000000001 << 5
+10000000000.0000000001 << 6
+10000000000.0000000001 << 7
+10000000000.0000000001 << 8
+10000000000.0000000001 << 9
+10000000000.0000000001 << 10
+10000000000.0000000001 << 11
+10000000000.0000000001 << 12
+10000000000.0000000001 << 13
+10000000000.0000000001 << 14
+10000000000.0000000001 << 15
+10000000000.0000000001 << 16
+10000000000.0000000001 << 17
+10000000000.0000000001 << 18
+10000000000.0000000001 << 19
+0 >> 0
+0 >> 1
+0 >> 2
+0 >> 3
+0 >> 4
+0 >> 5
+0 >> 6
+0 >> 7
+0 >> 8
+0 >> 9
+0 >> 10
+0 >> 11
+0 >> 12
+0 >> 13
+0 >> 14
+0 >> 15
+0 >> 16
+0 >> 17
+0 >> 18
+0 >> 19
+0.1 >> 0
+0.1 >> 1
+0.1 >> 2
+0.1 >> 3
+0.1 >> 4
+0.1 >> 5
+0.1 >> 6
+0.1 >> 7
+0.1 >> 8
+0.1 >> 9
+0.1 >> 10
+0.1 >> 11
+0.1 >> 12
+0.1 >> 13
+0.1 >> 14
+0.1 >> 15
+0.1 >> 16
+0.1 >> 17
+0.1 >> 18
+0.1 >> 19
+0.01 >> 0
+0.01 >> 1
+0.01 >> 2
+0.01 >> 3
+0.01 >> 4
+0.01 >> 5
+0.01 >> 6
+0.01 >> 7
+0.01 >> 8
+0.01 >> 9
+0.01 >> 10
+0.01 >> 11
+0.01 >> 12
+0.01 >> 13
+0.01 >> 14
+0.01 >> 15
+0.01 >> 16
+0.01 >> 17
+0.01 >> 18
+0.01 >> 19
+0.001 >> 0
+0.001 >> 1
+0.001 >> 2
+0.001 >> 3
+0.001 >> 4
+0.001 >> 5
+0.001 >> 6
+0.001 >> 7
+0.001 >> 8
+0.001 >> 9
+0.001 >> 10
+0.001 >> 11
+0.001 >> 12
+0.001 >> 13
+0.001 >> 14
+0.001 >> 15
+0.001 >> 16
+0.001 >> 17
+0.001 >> 18
+0.001 >> 19
+0.0001 >> 0
+0.0001 >> 1
+0.0001 >> 2
+0.0001 >> 3
+0.0001 >> 4
+0.0001 >> 5
+0.0001 >> 6
+0.0001 >> 7
+0.0001 >> 8
+0.0001 >> 9
+0.0001 >> 10
+0.0001 >> 11
+0.0001 >> 12
+0.0001 >> 13
+0.0001 >> 14
+0.0001 >> 15
+0.0001 >> 16
+0.0001 >> 17
+0.0001 >> 18
+0.0001 >> 19
+0.00001 >> 0
+0.00001 >> 1
+0.00001 >> 2
+0.00001 >> 3
+0.00001 >> 4
+0.00001 >> 5
+0.00001 >> 6
+0.00001 >> 7
+0.00001 >> 8
+0.00001 >> 9
+0.00001 >> 10
+0.00001 >> 11
+0.00001 >> 12
+0.00001 >> 13
+0.00001 >> 14
+0.00001 >> 15
+0.00001 >> 16
+0.00001 >> 17
+0.00001 >> 18
+0.00001 >> 19
+0.000001 >> 0
+0.000001 >> 1
+0.000001 >> 2
+0.000001 >> 3
+0.000001 >> 4
+0.000001 >> 5
+0.000001 >> 6
+0.000001 >> 7
+0.000001 >> 8
+0.000001 >> 9
+0.000001 >> 10
+0.000001 >> 11
+0.000001 >> 12
+0.000001 >> 13
+0.000001 >> 14
+0.000001 >> 15
+0.000001 >> 16
+0.000001 >> 17
+0.000001 >> 18
+0.000001 >> 19
+0.0000001 >> 0
+0.0000001 >> 1
+0.0000001 >> 2
+0.0000001 >> 3
+0.0000001 >> 4
+0.0000001 >> 5
+0.0000001 >> 6
+0.0000001 >> 7
+0.0000001 >> 8
+0.0000001 >> 9
+0.0000001 >> 10
+0.0000001 >> 11
+0.0000001 >> 12
+0.0000001 >> 13
+0.0000001 >> 14
+0.0000001 >> 15
+0.0000001 >> 16
+0.0000001 >> 17
+0.0000001 >> 18
+0.0000001 >> 19
+0.00000001 >> 0
+0.00000001 >> 1
+0.00000001 >> 2
+0.00000001 >> 3
+0.00000001 >> 4
+0.00000001 >> 5
+0.00000001 >> 6
+0.00000001 >> 7
+0.00000001 >> 8
+0.00000001 >> 9
+0.00000001 >> 10
+0.00000001 >> 11
+0.00000001 >> 12
+0.00000001 >> 13
+0.00000001 >> 14
+0.00000001 >> 15
+0.00000001 >> 16
+0.00000001 >> 17
+0.00000001 >> 18
+0.00000001 >> 19
+0.000000001 >> 0
+0.000000001 >> 1
+0.000000001 >> 2
+0.000000001 >> 3
+0.000000001 >> 4
+0.000000001 >> 5
+0.000000001 >> 6
+0.000000001 >> 7
+0.000000001 >> 8
+0.000000001 >> 9
+0.000000001 >> 10
+0.000000001 >> 11
+0.000000001 >> 12
+0.000000001 >> 13
+0.000000001 >> 14
+0.000000001 >> 15
+0.000000001 >> 16
+0.000000001 >> 17
+0.000000001 >> 18
+0.000000001 >> 19
+0.0000000001 >> 0
+0.0000000001 >> 1
+0.0000000001 >> 2
+0.0000000001 >> 3
+0.0000000001 >> 4
+0.0000000001 >> 5
+0.0000000001 >> 6
+0.0000000001 >> 7
+0.0000000001 >> 8
+0.0000000001 >> 9
+0.0000000001 >> 10
+0.0000000001 >> 11
+0.0000000001 >> 12
+0.0000000001 >> 13
+0.0000000001 >> 14
+0.0000000001 >> 15
+0.0000000001 >> 16
+0.0000000001 >> 17
+0.0000000001 >> 18
+0.0000000001 >> 19
+1 >> 0
+1 >> 1
+1 >> 2
+1 >> 3
+1 >> 4
+1 >> 5
+1 >> 6
+1 >> 7
+1 >> 8
+1 >> 9
+1 >> 10
+1 >> 11
+1 >> 12
+1 >> 13
+1 >> 14
+1 >> 15
+1 >> 16
+1 >> 17
+1 >> 18
+1 >> 19
+1.1 >> 0
+1.1 >> 1
+1.1 >> 2
+1.1 >> 3
+1.1 >> 4
+1.1 >> 5
+1.1 >> 6
+1.1 >> 7
+1.1 >> 8
+1.1 >> 9
+1.1 >> 10
+1.1 >> 11
+1.1 >> 12
+1.1 >> 13
+1.1 >> 14
+1.1 >> 15
+1.1 >> 16
+1.1 >> 17
+1.1 >> 18
+1.1 >> 19
+1.01 >> 0
+1.01 >> 1
+1.01 >> 2
+1.01 >> 3
+1.01 >> 4
+1.01 >> 5
+1.01 >> 6
+1.01 >> 7
+1.01 >> 8
+1.01 >> 9
+1.01 >> 10
+1.01 >> 11
+1.01 >> 12
+1.01 >> 13
+1.01 >> 14
+1.01 >> 15
+1.01 >> 16
+1.01 >> 17
+1.01 >> 18
+1.01 >> 19
+1.001 >> 0
+1.001 >> 1
+1.001 >> 2
+1.001 >> 3
+1.001 >> 4
+1.001 >> 5
+1.001 >> 6
+1.001 >> 7
+1.001 >> 8
+1.001 >> 9
+1.001 >> 10
+1.001 >> 11
+1.001 >> 12
+1.001 >> 13
+1.001 >> 14
+1.001 >> 15
+1.001 >> 16
+1.001 >> 17
+1.001 >> 18
+1.001 >> 19
+1.0001 >> 0
+1.0001 >> 1
+1.0001 >> 2
+1.0001 >> 3
+1.0001 >> 4
+1.0001 >> 5
+1.0001 >> 6
+1.0001 >> 7
+1.0001 >> 8
+1.0001 >> 9
+1.0001 >> 10
+1.0001 >> 11
+1.0001 >> 12
+1.0001 >> 13
+1.0001 >> 14
+1.0001 >> 15
+1.0001 >> 16
+1.0001 >> 17
+1.0001 >> 18
+1.0001 >> 19
+1.00001 >> 0
+1.00001 >> 1
+1.00001 >> 2
+1.00001 >> 3
+1.00001 >> 4
+1.00001 >> 5
+1.00001 >> 6
+1.00001 >> 7
+1.00001 >> 8
+1.00001 >> 9
+1.00001 >> 10
+1.00001 >> 11
+1.00001 >> 12
+1.00001 >> 13
+1.00001 >> 14
+1.00001 >> 15
+1.00001 >> 16
+1.00001 >> 17
+1.00001 >> 18
+1.00001 >> 19
+1.000001 >> 0
+1.000001 >> 1
+1.000001 >> 2
+1.000001 >> 3
+1.000001 >> 4
+1.000001 >> 5
+1.000001 >> 6
+1.000001 >> 7
+1.000001 >> 8
+1.000001 >> 9
+1.000001 >> 10
+1.000001 >> 11
+1.000001 >> 12
+1.000001 >> 13
+1.000001 >> 14
+1.000001 >> 15
+1.000001 >> 16
+1.000001 >> 17
+1.000001 >> 18
+1.000001 >> 19
+1.0000001 >> 0
+1.0000001 >> 1
+1.0000001 >> 2
+1.0000001 >> 3
+1.0000001 >> 4
+1.0000001 >> 5
+1.0000001 >> 6
+1.0000001 >> 7
+1.0000001 >> 8
+1.0000001 >> 9
+1.0000001 >> 10
+1.0000001 >> 11
+1.0000001 >> 12
+1.0000001 >> 13
+1.0000001 >> 14
+1.0000001 >> 15
+1.0000001 >> 16
+1.0000001 >> 17
+1.0000001 >> 18
+1.0000001 >> 19
+1.00000001 >> 0
+1.00000001 >> 1
+1.00000001 >> 2
+1.00000001 >> 3
+1.00000001 >> 4
+1.00000001 >> 5
+1.00000001 >> 6
+1.00000001 >> 7
+1.00000001 >> 8
+1.00000001 >> 9
+1.00000001 >> 10
+1.00000001 >> 11
+1.00000001 >> 12
+1.00000001 >> 13
+1.00000001 >> 14
+1.00000001 >> 15
+1.00000001 >> 16
+1.00000001 >> 17
+1.00000001 >> 18
+1.00000001 >> 19
+1.000000001 >> 0
+1.000000001 >> 1
+1.000000001 >> 2
+1.000000001 >> 3
+1.000000001 >> 4
+1.000000001 >> 5
+1.000000001 >> 6
+1.000000001 >> 7
+1.000000001 >> 8
+1.000000001 >> 9
+1.000000001 >> 10
+1.000000001 >> 11
+1.000000001 >> 12
+1.000000001 >> 13
+1.000000001 >> 14
+1.000000001 >> 15
+1.000000001 >> 16
+1.000000001 >> 17
+1.000000001 >> 18
+1.000000001 >> 19
+1.0000000001 >> 0
+1.0000000001 >> 1
+1.0000000001 >> 2
+1.0000000001 >> 3
+1.0000000001 >> 4
+1.0000000001 >> 5
+1.0000000001 >> 6
+1.0000000001 >> 7
+1.0000000001 >> 8
+1.0000000001 >> 9
+1.0000000001 >> 10
+1.0000000001 >> 11
+1.0000000001 >> 12
+1.0000000001 >> 13
+1.0000000001 >> 14
+1.0000000001 >> 15
+1.0000000001 >> 16
+1.0000000001 >> 17
+1.0000000001 >> 18
+1.0000000001 >> 19
+10 >> 0
+10 >> 1
+10 >> 2
+10 >> 3
+10 >> 4
+10 >> 5
+10 >> 6
+10 >> 7
+10 >> 8
+10 >> 9
+10 >> 10
+10 >> 11
+10 >> 12
+10 >> 13
+10 >> 14
+10 >> 15
+10 >> 16
+10 >> 17
+10 >> 18
+10 >> 19
+10.1 >> 0
+10.1 >> 1
+10.1 >> 2
+10.1 >> 3
+10.1 >> 4
+10.1 >> 5
+10.1 >> 6
+10.1 >> 7
+10.1 >> 8
+10.1 >> 9
+10.1 >> 10
+10.1 >> 11
+10.1 >> 12
+10.1 >> 13
+10.1 >> 14
+10.1 >> 15
+10.1 >> 16
+10.1 >> 17
+10.1 >> 18
+10.1 >> 19
+10.01 >> 0
+10.01 >> 1
+10.01 >> 2
+10.01 >> 3
+10.01 >> 4
+10.01 >> 5
+10.01 >> 6
+10.01 >> 7
+10.01 >> 8
+10.01 >> 9
+10.01 >> 10
+10.01 >> 11
+10.01 >> 12
+10.01 >> 13
+10.01 >> 14
+10.01 >> 15
+10.01 >> 16
+10.01 >> 17
+10.01 >> 18
+10.01 >> 19
+10.001 >> 0
+10.001 >> 1
+10.001 >> 2
+10.001 >> 3
+10.001 >> 4
+10.001 >> 5
+10.001 >> 6
+10.001 >> 7
+10.001 >> 8
+10.001 >> 9
+10.001 >> 10
+10.001 >> 11
+10.001 >> 12
+10.001 >> 13
+10.001 >> 14
+10.001 >> 15
+10.001 >> 16
+10.001 >> 17
+10.001 >> 18
+10.001 >> 19
+10.0001 >> 0
+10.0001 >> 1
+10.0001 >> 2
+10.0001 >> 3
+10.0001 >> 4
+10.0001 >> 5
+10.0001 >> 6
+10.0001 >> 7
+10.0001 >> 8
+10.0001 >> 9
+10.0001 >> 10
+10.0001 >> 11
+10.0001 >> 12
+10.0001 >> 13
+10.0001 >> 14
+10.0001 >> 15
+10.0001 >> 16
+10.0001 >> 17
+10.0001 >> 18
+10.0001 >> 19
+10.00001 >> 0
+10.00001 >> 1
+10.00001 >> 2
+10.00001 >> 3
+10.00001 >> 4
+10.00001 >> 5
+10.00001 >> 6
+10.00001 >> 7
+10.00001 >> 8
+10.00001 >> 9
+10.00001 >> 10
+10.00001 >> 11
+10.00001 >> 12
+10.00001 >> 13
+10.00001 >> 14
+10.00001 >> 15
+10.00001 >> 16
+10.00001 >> 17
+10.00001 >> 18
+10.00001 >> 19
+10.000001 >> 0
+10.000001 >> 1
+10.000001 >> 2
+10.000001 >> 3
+10.000001 >> 4
+10.000001 >> 5
+10.000001 >> 6
+10.000001 >> 7
+10.000001 >> 8
+10.000001 >> 9
+10.000001 >> 10
+10.000001 >> 11
+10.000001 >> 12
+10.000001 >> 13
+10.000001 >> 14
+10.000001 >> 15
+10.000001 >> 16
+10.000001 >> 17
+10.000001 >> 18
+10.000001 >> 19
+10.0000001 >> 0
+10.0000001 >> 1
+10.0000001 >> 2
+10.0000001 >> 3
+10.0000001 >> 4
+10.0000001 >> 5
+10.0000001 >> 6
+10.0000001 >> 7
+10.0000001 >> 8
+10.0000001 >> 9
+10.0000001 >> 10
+10.0000001 >> 11
+10.0000001 >> 12
+10.0000001 >> 13
+10.0000001 >> 14
+10.0000001 >> 15
+10.0000001 >> 16
+10.0000001 >> 17
+10.0000001 >> 18
+10.0000001 >> 19
+10.00000001 >> 0
+10.00000001 >> 1
+10.00000001 >> 2
+10.00000001 >> 3
+10.00000001 >> 4
+10.00000001 >> 5
+10.00000001 >> 6
+10.00000001 >> 7
+10.00000001 >> 8
+10.00000001 >> 9
+10.00000001 >> 10
+10.00000001 >> 11
+10.00000001 >> 12
+10.00000001 >> 13
+10.00000001 >> 14
+10.00000001 >> 15
+10.00000001 >> 16
+10.00000001 >> 17
+10.00000001 >> 18
+10.00000001 >> 19
+10.000000001 >> 0
+10.000000001 >> 1
+10.000000001 >> 2
+10.000000001 >> 3
+10.000000001 >> 4
+10.000000001 >> 5
+10.000000001 >> 6
+10.000000001 >> 7
+10.000000001 >> 8
+10.000000001 >> 9
+10.000000001 >> 10
+10.000000001 >> 11
+10.000000001 >> 12
+10.000000001 >> 13
+10.000000001 >> 14
+10.000000001 >> 15
+10.000000001 >> 16
+10.000000001 >> 17
+10.000000001 >> 18
+10.000000001 >> 19
+10.0000000001 >> 0
+10.0000000001 >> 1
+10.0000000001 >> 2
+10.0000000001 >> 3
+10.0000000001 >> 4
+10.0000000001 >> 5
+10.0000000001 >> 6
+10.0000000001 >> 7
+10.0000000001 >> 8
+10.0000000001 >> 9
+10.0000000001 >> 10
+10.0000000001 >> 11
+10.0000000001 >> 12
+10.0000000001 >> 13
+10.0000000001 >> 14
+10.0000000001 >> 15
+10.0000000001 >> 16
+10.0000000001 >> 17
+10.0000000001 >> 18
+10.0000000001 >> 19
+100 >> 0
+100 >> 1
+100 >> 2
+100 >> 3
+100 >> 4
+100 >> 5
+100 >> 6
+100 >> 7
+100 >> 8
+100 >> 9
+100 >> 10
+100 >> 11
+100 >> 12
+100 >> 13
+100 >> 14
+100 >> 15
+100 >> 16
+100 >> 17
+100 >> 18
+100 >> 19
+100.1 >> 0
+100.1 >> 1
+100.1 >> 2
+100.1 >> 3
+100.1 >> 4
+100.1 >> 5
+100.1 >> 6
+100.1 >> 7
+100.1 >> 8
+100.1 >> 9
+100.1 >> 10
+100.1 >> 11
+100.1 >> 12
+100.1 >> 13
+100.1 >> 14
+100.1 >> 15
+100.1 >> 16
+100.1 >> 17
+100.1 >> 18
+100.1 >> 19
+100.01 >> 0
+100.01 >> 1
+100.01 >> 2
+100.01 >> 3
+100.01 >> 4
+100.01 >> 5
+100.01 >> 6
+100.01 >> 7
+100.01 >> 8
+100.01 >> 9
+100.01 >> 10
+100.01 >> 11
+100.01 >> 12
+100.01 >> 13
+100.01 >> 14
+100.01 >> 15
+100.01 >> 16
+100.01 >> 17
+100.01 >> 18
+100.01 >> 19
+100.001 >> 0
+100.001 >> 1
+100.001 >> 2
+100.001 >> 3
+100.001 >> 4
+100.001 >> 5
+100.001 >> 6
+100.001 >> 7
+100.001 >> 8
+100.001 >> 9
+100.001 >> 10
+100.001 >> 11
+100.001 >> 12
+100.001 >> 13
+100.001 >> 14
+100.001 >> 15
+100.001 >> 16
+100.001 >> 17
+100.001 >> 18
+100.001 >> 19
+100.0001 >> 0
+100.0001 >> 1
+100.0001 >> 2
+100.0001 >> 3
+100.0001 >> 4
+100.0001 >> 5
+100.0001 >> 6
+100.0001 >> 7
+100.0001 >> 8
+100.0001 >> 9
+100.0001 >> 10
+100.0001 >> 11
+100.0001 >> 12
+100.0001 >> 13
+100.0001 >> 14
+100.0001 >> 15
+100.0001 >> 16
+100.0001 >> 17
+100.0001 >> 18
+100.0001 >> 19
+100.00001 >> 0
+100.00001 >> 1
+100.00001 >> 2
+100.00001 >> 3
+100.00001 >> 4
+100.00001 >> 5
+100.00001 >> 6
+100.00001 >> 7
+100.00001 >> 8
+100.00001 >> 9
+100.00001 >> 10
+100.00001 >> 11
+100.00001 >> 12
+100.00001 >> 13
+100.00001 >> 14
+100.00001 >> 15
+100.00001 >> 16
+100.00001 >> 17
+100.00001 >> 18
+100.00001 >> 19
+100.000001 >> 0
+100.000001 >> 1
+100.000001 >> 2
+100.000001 >> 3
+100.000001 >> 4
+100.000001 >> 5
+100.000001 >> 6
+100.000001 >> 7
+100.000001 >> 8
+100.000001 >> 9
+100.000001 >> 10
+100.000001 >> 11
+100.000001 >> 12
+100.000001 >> 13
+100.000001 >> 14
+100.000001 >> 15
+100.000001 >> 16
+100.000001 >> 17
+100.000001 >> 18
+100.000001 >> 19
+100.0000001 >> 0
+100.0000001 >> 1
+100.0000001 >> 2
+100.0000001 >> 3
+100.0000001 >> 4
+100.0000001 >> 5
+100.0000001 >> 6
+100.0000001 >> 7
+100.0000001 >> 8
+100.0000001 >> 9
+100.0000001 >> 10
+100.0000001 >> 11
+100.0000001 >> 12
+100.0000001 >> 13
+100.0000001 >> 14
+100.0000001 >> 15
+100.0000001 >> 16
+100.0000001 >> 17
+100.0000001 >> 18
+100.0000001 >> 19
+100.00000001 >> 0
+100.00000001 >> 1
+100.00000001 >> 2
+100.00000001 >> 3
+100.00000001 >> 4
+100.00000001 >> 5
+100.00000001 >> 6
+100.00000001 >> 7
+100.00000001 >> 8
+100.00000001 >> 9
+100.00000001 >> 10
+100.00000001 >> 11
+100.00000001 >> 12
+100.00000001 >> 13
+100.00000001 >> 14
+100.00000001 >> 15
+100.00000001 >> 16
+100.00000001 >> 17
+100.00000001 >> 18
+100.00000001 >> 19
+100.000000001 >> 0
+100.000000001 >> 1
+100.000000001 >> 2
+100.000000001 >> 3
+100.000000001 >> 4
+100.000000001 >> 5
+100.000000001 >> 6
+100.000000001 >> 7
+100.000000001 >> 8
+100.000000001 >> 9
+100.000000001 >> 10
+100.000000001 >> 11
+100.000000001 >> 12
+100.000000001 >> 13
+100.000000001 >> 14
+100.000000001 >> 15
+100.000000001 >> 16
+100.000000001 >> 17
+100.000000001 >> 18
+100.000000001 >> 19
+100.0000000001 >> 0
+100.0000000001 >> 1
+100.0000000001 >> 2
+100.0000000001 >> 3
+100.0000000001 >> 4
+100.0000000001 >> 5
+100.0000000001 >> 6
+100.0000000001 >> 7
+100.0000000001 >> 8
+100.0000000001 >> 9
+100.0000000001 >> 10
+100.0000000001 >> 11
+100.0000000001 >> 12
+100.0000000001 >> 13
+100.0000000001 >> 14
+100.0000000001 >> 15
+100.0000000001 >> 16
+100.0000000001 >> 17
+100.0000000001 >> 18
+100.0000000001 >> 19
+1000 >> 0
+1000 >> 1
+1000 >> 2
+1000 >> 3
+1000 >> 4
+1000 >> 5
+1000 >> 6
+1000 >> 7
+1000 >> 8
+1000 >> 9
+1000 >> 10
+1000 >> 11
+1000 >> 12
+1000 >> 13
+1000 >> 14
+1000 >> 15
+1000 >> 16
+1000 >> 17
+1000 >> 18
+1000 >> 19
+1000.1 >> 0
+1000.1 >> 1
+1000.1 >> 2
+1000.1 >> 3
+1000.1 >> 4
+1000.1 >> 5
+1000.1 >> 6
+1000.1 >> 7
+1000.1 >> 8
+1000.1 >> 9
+1000.1 >> 10
+1000.1 >> 11
+1000.1 >> 12
+1000.1 >> 13
+1000.1 >> 14
+1000.1 >> 15
+1000.1 >> 16
+1000.1 >> 17
+1000.1 >> 18
+1000.1 >> 19
+1000.01 >> 0
+1000.01 >> 1
+1000.01 >> 2
+1000.01 >> 3
+1000.01 >> 4
+1000.01 >> 5
+1000.01 >> 6
+1000.01 >> 7
+1000.01 >> 8
+1000.01 >> 9
+1000.01 >> 10
+1000.01 >> 11
+1000.01 >> 12
+1000.01 >> 13
+1000.01 >> 14
+1000.01 >> 15
+1000.01 >> 16
+1000.01 >> 17
+1000.01 >> 18
+1000.01 >> 19
+1000.001 >> 0
+1000.001 >> 1
+1000.001 >> 2
+1000.001 >> 3
+1000.001 >> 4
+1000.001 >> 5
+1000.001 >> 6
+1000.001 >> 7
+1000.001 >> 8
+1000.001 >> 9
+1000.001 >> 10
+1000.001 >> 11
+1000.001 >> 12
+1000.001 >> 13
+1000.001 >> 14
+1000.001 >> 15
+1000.001 >> 16
+1000.001 >> 17
+1000.001 >> 18
+1000.001 >> 19
+1000.0001 >> 0
+1000.0001 >> 1
+1000.0001 >> 2
+1000.0001 >> 3
+1000.0001 >> 4
+1000.0001 >> 5
+1000.0001 >> 6
+1000.0001 >> 7
+1000.0001 >> 8
+1000.0001 >> 9
+1000.0001 >> 10
+1000.0001 >> 11
+1000.0001 >> 12
+1000.0001 >> 13
+1000.0001 >> 14
+1000.0001 >> 15
+1000.0001 >> 16
+1000.0001 >> 17
+1000.0001 >> 18
+1000.0001 >> 19
+1000.00001 >> 0
+1000.00001 >> 1
+1000.00001 >> 2
+1000.00001 >> 3
+1000.00001 >> 4
+1000.00001 >> 5
+1000.00001 >> 6
+1000.00001 >> 7
+1000.00001 >> 8
+1000.00001 >> 9
+1000.00001 >> 10
+1000.00001 >> 11
+1000.00001 >> 12
+1000.00001 >> 13
+1000.00001 >> 14
+1000.00001 >> 15
+1000.00001 >> 16
+1000.00001 >> 17
+1000.00001 >> 18
+1000.00001 >> 19
+1000.000001 >> 0
+1000.000001 >> 1
+1000.000001 >> 2
+1000.000001 >> 3
+1000.000001 >> 4
+1000.000001 >> 5
+1000.000001 >> 6
+1000.000001 >> 7
+1000.000001 >> 8
+1000.000001 >> 9
+1000.000001 >> 10
+1000.000001 >> 11
+1000.000001 >> 12
+1000.000001 >> 13
+1000.000001 >> 14
+1000.000001 >> 15
+1000.000001 >> 16
+1000.000001 >> 17
+1000.000001 >> 18
+1000.000001 >> 19
+1000.0000001 >> 0
+1000.0000001 >> 1
+1000.0000001 >> 2
+1000.0000001 >> 3
+1000.0000001 >> 4
+1000.0000001 >> 5
+1000.0000001 >> 6
+1000.0000001 >> 7
+1000.0000001 >> 8
+1000.0000001 >> 9
+1000.0000001 >> 10
+1000.0000001 >> 11
+1000.0000001 >> 12
+1000.0000001 >> 13
+1000.0000001 >> 14
+1000.0000001 >> 15
+1000.0000001 >> 16
+1000.0000001 >> 17
+1000.0000001 >> 18
+1000.0000001 >> 19
+1000.00000001 >> 0
+1000.00000001 >> 1
+1000.00000001 >> 2
+1000.00000001 >> 3
+1000.00000001 >> 4
+1000.00000001 >> 5
+1000.00000001 >> 6
+1000.00000001 >> 7
+1000.00000001 >> 8
+1000.00000001 >> 9
+1000.00000001 >> 10
+1000.00000001 >> 11
+1000.00000001 >> 12
+1000.00000001 >> 13
+1000.00000001 >> 14
+1000.00000001 >> 15
+1000.00000001 >> 16
+1000.00000001 >> 17
+1000.00000001 >> 18
+1000.00000001 >> 19
+1000.000000001 >> 0
+1000.000000001 >> 1
+1000.000000001 >> 2
+1000.000000001 >> 3
+1000.000000001 >> 4
+1000.000000001 >> 5
+1000.000000001 >> 6
+1000.000000001 >> 7
+1000.000000001 >> 8
+1000.000000001 >> 9
+1000.000000001 >> 10
+1000.000000001 >> 11
+1000.000000001 >> 12
+1000.000000001 >> 13
+1000.000000001 >> 14
+1000.000000001 >> 15
+1000.000000001 >> 16
+1000.000000001 >> 17
+1000.000000001 >> 18
+1000.000000001 >> 19
+1000.0000000001 >> 0
+1000.0000000001 >> 1
+1000.0000000001 >> 2
+1000.0000000001 >> 3
+1000.0000000001 >> 4
+1000.0000000001 >> 5
+1000.0000000001 >> 6
+1000.0000000001 >> 7
+1000.0000000001 >> 8
+1000.0000000001 >> 9
+1000.0000000001 >> 10
+1000.0000000001 >> 11
+1000.0000000001 >> 12
+1000.0000000001 >> 13
+1000.0000000001 >> 14
+1000.0000000001 >> 15
+1000.0000000001 >> 16
+1000.0000000001 >> 17
+1000.0000000001 >> 18
+1000.0000000001 >> 19
+10000 >> 0
+10000 >> 1
+10000 >> 2
+10000 >> 3
+10000 >> 4
+10000 >> 5
+10000 >> 6
+10000 >> 7
+10000 >> 8
+10000 >> 9
+10000 >> 10
+10000 >> 11
+10000 >> 12
+10000 >> 13
+10000 >> 14
+10000 >> 15
+10000 >> 16
+10000 >> 17
+10000 >> 18
+10000 >> 19
+10000.1 >> 0
+10000.1 >> 1
+10000.1 >> 2
+10000.1 >> 3
+10000.1 >> 4
+10000.1 >> 5
+10000.1 >> 6
+10000.1 >> 7
+10000.1 >> 8
+10000.1 >> 9
+10000.1 >> 10
+10000.1 >> 11
+10000.1 >> 12
+10000.1 >> 13
+10000.1 >> 14
+10000.1 >> 15
+10000.1 >> 16
+10000.1 >> 17
+10000.1 >> 18
+10000.1 >> 19
+10000.01 >> 0
+10000.01 >> 1
+10000.01 >> 2
+10000.01 >> 3
+10000.01 >> 4
+10000.01 >> 5
+10000.01 >> 6
+10000.01 >> 7
+10000.01 >> 8
+10000.01 >> 9
+10000.01 >> 10
+10000.01 >> 11
+10000.01 >> 12
+10000.01 >> 13
+10000.01 >> 14
+10000.01 >> 15
+10000.01 >> 16
+10000.01 >> 17
+10000.01 >> 18
+10000.01 >> 19
+10000.001 >> 0
+10000.001 >> 1
+10000.001 >> 2
+10000.001 >> 3
+10000.001 >> 4
+10000.001 >> 5
+10000.001 >> 6
+10000.001 >> 7
+10000.001 >> 8
+10000.001 >> 9
+10000.001 >> 10
+10000.001 >> 11
+10000.001 >> 12
+10000.001 >> 13
+10000.001 >> 14
+10000.001 >> 15
+10000.001 >> 16
+10000.001 >> 17
+10000.001 >> 18
+10000.001 >> 19
+10000.0001 >> 0
+10000.0001 >> 1
+10000.0001 >> 2
+10000.0001 >> 3
+10000.0001 >> 4
+10000.0001 >> 5
+10000.0001 >> 6
+10000.0001 >> 7
+10000.0001 >> 8
+10000.0001 >> 9
+10000.0001 >> 10
+10000.0001 >> 11
+10000.0001 >> 12
+10000.0001 >> 13
+10000.0001 >> 14
+10000.0001 >> 15
+10000.0001 >> 16
+10000.0001 >> 17
+10000.0001 >> 18
+10000.0001 >> 19
+10000.00001 >> 0
+10000.00001 >> 1
+10000.00001 >> 2
+10000.00001 >> 3
+10000.00001 >> 4
+10000.00001 >> 5
+10000.00001 >> 6
+10000.00001 >> 7
+10000.00001 >> 8
+10000.00001 >> 9
+10000.00001 >> 10
+10000.00001 >> 11
+10000.00001 >> 12
+10000.00001 >> 13
+10000.00001 >> 14
+10000.00001 >> 15
+10000.00001 >> 16
+10000.00001 >> 17
+10000.00001 >> 18
+10000.00001 >> 19
+10000.000001 >> 0
+10000.000001 >> 1
+10000.000001 >> 2
+10000.000001 >> 3
+10000.000001 >> 4
+10000.000001 >> 5
+10000.000001 >> 6
+10000.000001 >> 7
+10000.000001 >> 8
+10000.000001 >> 9
+10000.000001 >> 10
+10000.000001 >> 11
+10000.000001 >> 12
+10000.000001 >> 13
+10000.000001 >> 14
+10000.000001 >> 15
+10000.000001 >> 16
+10000.000001 >> 17
+10000.000001 >> 18
+10000.000001 >> 19
+10000.0000001 >> 0
+10000.0000001 >> 1
+10000.0000001 >> 2
+10000.0000001 >> 3
+10000.0000001 >> 4
+10000.0000001 >> 5
+10000.0000001 >> 6
+10000.0000001 >> 7
+10000.0000001 >> 8
+10000.0000001 >> 9
+10000.0000001 >> 10
+10000.0000001 >> 11
+10000.0000001 >> 12
+10000.0000001 >> 13
+10000.0000001 >> 14
+10000.0000001 >> 15
+10000.0000001 >> 16
+10000.0000001 >> 17
+10000.0000001 >> 18
+10000.0000001 >> 19
+10000.00000001 >> 0
+10000.00000001 >> 1
+10000.00000001 >> 2
+10000.00000001 >> 3
+10000.00000001 >> 4
+10000.00000001 >> 5
+10000.00000001 >> 6
+10000.00000001 >> 7
+10000.00000001 >> 8
+10000.00000001 >> 9
+10000.00000001 >> 10
+10000.00000001 >> 11
+10000.00000001 >> 12
+10000.00000001 >> 13
+10000.00000001 >> 14
+10000.00000001 >> 15
+10000.00000001 >> 16
+10000.00000001 >> 17
+10000.00000001 >> 18
+10000.00000001 >> 19
+10000.000000001 >> 0
+10000.000000001 >> 1
+10000.000000001 >> 2
+10000.000000001 >> 3
+10000.000000001 >> 4
+10000.000000001 >> 5
+10000.000000001 >> 6
+10000.000000001 >> 7
+10000.000000001 >> 8
+10000.000000001 >> 9
+10000.000000001 >> 10
+10000.000000001 >> 11
+10000.000000001 >> 12
+10000.000000001 >> 13
+10000.000000001 >> 14
+10000.000000001 >> 15
+10000.000000001 >> 16
+10000.000000001 >> 17
+10000.000000001 >> 18
+10000.000000001 >> 19
+10000.0000000001 >> 0
+10000.0000000001 >> 1
+10000.0000000001 >> 2
+10000.0000000001 >> 3
+10000.0000000001 >> 4
+10000.0000000001 >> 5
+10000.0000000001 >> 6
+10000.0000000001 >> 7
+10000.0000000001 >> 8
+10000.0000000001 >> 9
+10000.0000000001 >> 10
+10000.0000000001 >> 11
+10000.0000000001 >> 12
+10000.0000000001 >> 13
+10000.0000000001 >> 14
+10000.0000000001 >> 15
+10000.0000000001 >> 16
+10000.0000000001 >> 17
+10000.0000000001 >> 18
+10000.0000000001 >> 19
+100000 >> 0
+100000 >> 1
+100000 >> 2
+100000 >> 3
+100000 >> 4
+100000 >> 5
+100000 >> 6
+100000 >> 7
+100000 >> 8
+100000 >> 9
+100000 >> 10
+100000 >> 11
+100000 >> 12
+100000 >> 13
+100000 >> 14
+100000 >> 15
+100000 >> 16
+100000 >> 17
+100000 >> 18
+100000 >> 19
+100000.1 >> 0
+100000.1 >> 1
+100000.1 >> 2
+100000.1 >> 3
+100000.1 >> 4
+100000.1 >> 5
+100000.1 >> 6
+100000.1 >> 7
+100000.1 >> 8
+100000.1 >> 9
+100000.1 >> 10
+100000.1 >> 11
+100000.1 >> 12
+100000.1 >> 13
+100000.1 >> 14
+100000.1 >> 15
+100000.1 >> 16
+100000.1 >> 17
+100000.1 >> 18
+100000.1 >> 19
+100000.01 >> 0
+100000.01 >> 1
+100000.01 >> 2
+100000.01 >> 3
+100000.01 >> 4
+100000.01 >> 5
+100000.01 >> 6
+100000.01 >> 7
+100000.01 >> 8
+100000.01 >> 9
+100000.01 >> 10
+100000.01 >> 11
+100000.01 >> 12
+100000.01 >> 13
+100000.01 >> 14
+100000.01 >> 15
+100000.01 >> 16
+100000.01 >> 17
+100000.01 >> 18
+100000.01 >> 19
+100000.001 >> 0
+100000.001 >> 1
+100000.001 >> 2
+100000.001 >> 3
+100000.001 >> 4
+100000.001 >> 5
+100000.001 >> 6
+100000.001 >> 7
+100000.001 >> 8
+100000.001 >> 9
+100000.001 >> 10
+100000.001 >> 11
+100000.001 >> 12
+100000.001 >> 13
+100000.001 >> 14
+100000.001 >> 15
+100000.001 >> 16
+100000.001 >> 17
+100000.001 >> 18
+100000.001 >> 19
+100000.0001 >> 0
+100000.0001 >> 1
+100000.0001 >> 2
+100000.0001 >> 3
+100000.0001 >> 4
+100000.0001 >> 5
+100000.0001 >> 6
+100000.0001 >> 7
+100000.0001 >> 8
+100000.0001 >> 9
+100000.0001 >> 10
+100000.0001 >> 11
+100000.0001 >> 12
+100000.0001 >> 13
+100000.0001 >> 14
+100000.0001 >> 15
+100000.0001 >> 16
+100000.0001 >> 17
+100000.0001 >> 18
+100000.0001 >> 19
+100000.00001 >> 0
+100000.00001 >> 1
+100000.00001 >> 2
+100000.00001 >> 3
+100000.00001 >> 4
+100000.00001 >> 5
+100000.00001 >> 6
+100000.00001 >> 7
+100000.00001 >> 8
+100000.00001 >> 9
+100000.00001 >> 10
+100000.00001 >> 11
+100000.00001 >> 12
+100000.00001 >> 13
+100000.00001 >> 14
+100000.00001 >> 15
+100000.00001 >> 16
+100000.00001 >> 17
+100000.00001 >> 18
+100000.00001 >> 19
+100000.000001 >> 0
+100000.000001 >> 1
+100000.000001 >> 2
+100000.000001 >> 3
+100000.000001 >> 4
+100000.000001 >> 5
+100000.000001 >> 6
+100000.000001 >> 7
+100000.000001 >> 8
+100000.000001 >> 9
+100000.000001 >> 10
+100000.000001 >> 11
+100000.000001 >> 12
+100000.000001 >> 13
+100000.000001 >> 14
+100000.000001 >> 15
+100000.000001 >> 16
+100000.000001 >> 17
+100000.000001 >> 18
+100000.000001 >> 19
+100000.0000001 >> 0
+100000.0000001 >> 1
+100000.0000001 >> 2
+100000.0000001 >> 3
+100000.0000001 >> 4
+100000.0000001 >> 5
+100000.0000001 >> 6
+100000.0000001 >> 7
+100000.0000001 >> 8
+100000.0000001 >> 9
+100000.0000001 >> 10
+100000.0000001 >> 11
+100000.0000001 >> 12
+100000.0000001 >> 13
+100000.0000001 >> 14
+100000.0000001 >> 15
+100000.0000001 >> 16
+100000.0000001 >> 17
+100000.0000001 >> 18
+100000.0000001 >> 19
+100000.00000001 >> 0
+100000.00000001 >> 1
+100000.00000001 >> 2
+100000.00000001 >> 3
+100000.00000001 >> 4
+100000.00000001 >> 5
+100000.00000001 >> 6
+100000.00000001 >> 7
+100000.00000001 >> 8
+100000.00000001 >> 9
+100000.00000001 >> 10
+100000.00000001 >> 11
+100000.00000001 >> 12
+100000.00000001 >> 13
+100000.00000001 >> 14
+100000.00000001 >> 15
+100000.00000001 >> 16
+100000.00000001 >> 17
+100000.00000001 >> 18
+100000.00000001 >> 19
+100000.000000001 >> 0
+100000.000000001 >> 1
+100000.000000001 >> 2
+100000.000000001 >> 3
+100000.000000001 >> 4
+100000.000000001 >> 5
+100000.000000001 >> 6
+100000.000000001 >> 7
+100000.000000001 >> 8
+100000.000000001 >> 9
+100000.000000001 >> 10
+100000.000000001 >> 11
+100000.000000001 >> 12
+100000.000000001 >> 13
+100000.000000001 >> 14
+100000.000000001 >> 15
+100000.000000001 >> 16
+100000.000000001 >> 17
+100000.000000001 >> 18
+100000.000000001 >> 19
+100000.0000000001 >> 0
+100000.0000000001 >> 1
+100000.0000000001 >> 2
+100000.0000000001 >> 3
+100000.0000000001 >> 4
+100000.0000000001 >> 5
+100000.0000000001 >> 6
+100000.0000000001 >> 7
+100000.0000000001 >> 8
+100000.0000000001 >> 9
+100000.0000000001 >> 10
+100000.0000000001 >> 11
+100000.0000000001 >> 12
+100000.0000000001 >> 13
+100000.0000000001 >> 14
+100000.0000000001 >> 15
+100000.0000000001 >> 16
+100000.0000000001 >> 17
+100000.0000000001 >> 18
+100000.0000000001 >> 19
+1000000 >> 0
+1000000 >> 1
+1000000 >> 2
+1000000 >> 3
+1000000 >> 4
+1000000 >> 5
+1000000 >> 6
+1000000 >> 7
+1000000 >> 8
+1000000 >> 9
+1000000 >> 10
+1000000 >> 11
+1000000 >> 12
+1000000 >> 13
+1000000 >> 14
+1000000 >> 15
+1000000 >> 16
+1000000 >> 17
+1000000 >> 18
+1000000 >> 19
+1000000.1 >> 0
+1000000.1 >> 1
+1000000.1 >> 2
+1000000.1 >> 3
+1000000.1 >> 4
+1000000.1 >> 5
+1000000.1 >> 6
+1000000.1 >> 7
+1000000.1 >> 8
+1000000.1 >> 9
+1000000.1 >> 10
+1000000.1 >> 11
+1000000.1 >> 12
+1000000.1 >> 13
+1000000.1 >> 14
+1000000.1 >> 15
+1000000.1 >> 16
+1000000.1 >> 17
+1000000.1 >> 18
+1000000.1 >> 19
+1000000.01 >> 0
+1000000.01 >> 1
+1000000.01 >> 2
+1000000.01 >> 3
+1000000.01 >> 4
+1000000.01 >> 5
+1000000.01 >> 6
+1000000.01 >> 7
+1000000.01 >> 8
+1000000.01 >> 9
+1000000.01 >> 10
+1000000.01 >> 11
+1000000.01 >> 12
+1000000.01 >> 13
+1000000.01 >> 14
+1000000.01 >> 15
+1000000.01 >> 16
+1000000.01 >> 17
+1000000.01 >> 18
+1000000.01 >> 19
+1000000.001 >> 0
+1000000.001 >> 1
+1000000.001 >> 2
+1000000.001 >> 3
+1000000.001 >> 4
+1000000.001 >> 5
+1000000.001 >> 6
+1000000.001 >> 7
+1000000.001 >> 8
+1000000.001 >> 9
+1000000.001 >> 10
+1000000.001 >> 11
+1000000.001 >> 12
+1000000.001 >> 13
+1000000.001 >> 14
+1000000.001 >> 15
+1000000.001 >> 16
+1000000.001 >> 17
+1000000.001 >> 18
+1000000.001 >> 19
+1000000.0001 >> 0
+1000000.0001 >> 1
+1000000.0001 >> 2
+1000000.0001 >> 3
+1000000.0001 >> 4
+1000000.0001 >> 5
+1000000.0001 >> 6
+1000000.0001 >> 7
+1000000.0001 >> 8
+1000000.0001 >> 9
+1000000.0001 >> 10
+1000000.0001 >> 11
+1000000.0001 >> 12
+1000000.0001 >> 13
+1000000.0001 >> 14
+1000000.0001 >> 15
+1000000.0001 >> 16
+1000000.0001 >> 17
+1000000.0001 >> 18
+1000000.0001 >> 19
+1000000.00001 >> 0
+1000000.00001 >> 1
+1000000.00001 >> 2
+1000000.00001 >> 3
+1000000.00001 >> 4
+1000000.00001 >> 5
+1000000.00001 >> 6
+1000000.00001 >> 7
+1000000.00001 >> 8
+1000000.00001 >> 9
+1000000.00001 >> 10
+1000000.00001 >> 11
+1000000.00001 >> 12
+1000000.00001 >> 13
+1000000.00001 >> 14
+1000000.00001 >> 15
+1000000.00001 >> 16
+1000000.00001 >> 17
+1000000.00001 >> 18
+1000000.00001 >> 19
+1000000.000001 >> 0
+1000000.000001 >> 1
+1000000.000001 >> 2
+1000000.000001 >> 3
+1000000.000001 >> 4
+1000000.000001 >> 5
+1000000.000001 >> 6
+1000000.000001 >> 7
+1000000.000001 >> 8
+1000000.000001 >> 9
+1000000.000001 >> 10
+1000000.000001 >> 11
+1000000.000001 >> 12
+1000000.000001 >> 13
+1000000.000001 >> 14
+1000000.000001 >> 15
+1000000.000001 >> 16
+1000000.000001 >> 17
+1000000.000001 >> 18
+1000000.000001 >> 19
+1000000.0000001 >> 0
+1000000.0000001 >> 1
+1000000.0000001 >> 2
+1000000.0000001 >> 3
+1000000.0000001 >> 4
+1000000.0000001 >> 5
+1000000.0000001 >> 6
+1000000.0000001 >> 7
+1000000.0000001 >> 8
+1000000.0000001 >> 9
+1000000.0000001 >> 10
+1000000.0000001 >> 11
+1000000.0000001 >> 12
+1000000.0000001 >> 13
+1000000.0000001 >> 14
+1000000.0000001 >> 15
+1000000.0000001 >> 16
+1000000.0000001 >> 17
+1000000.0000001 >> 18
+1000000.0000001 >> 19
+1000000.00000001 >> 0
+1000000.00000001 >> 1
+1000000.00000001 >> 2
+1000000.00000001 >> 3
+1000000.00000001 >> 4
+1000000.00000001 >> 5
+1000000.00000001 >> 6
+1000000.00000001 >> 7
+1000000.00000001 >> 8
+1000000.00000001 >> 9
+1000000.00000001 >> 10
+1000000.00000001 >> 11
+1000000.00000001 >> 12
+1000000.00000001 >> 13
+1000000.00000001 >> 14
+1000000.00000001 >> 15
+1000000.00000001 >> 16
+1000000.00000001 >> 17
+1000000.00000001 >> 18
+1000000.00000001 >> 19
+1000000.000000001 >> 0
+1000000.000000001 >> 1
+1000000.000000001 >> 2
+1000000.000000001 >> 3
+1000000.000000001 >> 4
+1000000.000000001 >> 5
+1000000.000000001 >> 6
+1000000.000000001 >> 7
+1000000.000000001 >> 8
+1000000.000000001 >> 9
+1000000.000000001 >> 10
+1000000.000000001 >> 11
+1000000.000000001 >> 12
+1000000.000000001 >> 13
+1000000.000000001 >> 14
+1000000.000000001 >> 15
+1000000.000000001 >> 16
+1000000.000000001 >> 17
+1000000.000000001 >> 18
+1000000.000000001 >> 19
+1000000.0000000001 >> 0
+1000000.0000000001 >> 1
+1000000.0000000001 >> 2
+1000000.0000000001 >> 3
+1000000.0000000001 >> 4
+1000000.0000000001 >> 5
+1000000.0000000001 >> 6
+1000000.0000000001 >> 7
+1000000.0000000001 >> 8
+1000000.0000000001 >> 9
+1000000.0000000001 >> 10
+1000000.0000000001 >> 11
+1000000.0000000001 >> 12
+1000000.0000000001 >> 13
+1000000.0000000001 >> 14
+1000000.0000000001 >> 15
+1000000.0000000001 >> 16
+1000000.0000000001 >> 17
+1000000.0000000001 >> 18
+1000000.0000000001 >> 19
+10000000 >> 0
+10000000 >> 1
+10000000 >> 2
+10000000 >> 3
+10000000 >> 4
+10000000 >> 5
+10000000 >> 6
+10000000 >> 7
+10000000 >> 8
+10000000 >> 9
+10000000 >> 10
+10000000 >> 11
+10000000 >> 12
+10000000 >> 13
+10000000 >> 14
+10000000 >> 15
+10000000 >> 16
+10000000 >> 17
+10000000 >> 18
+10000000 >> 19
+10000000.1 >> 0
+10000000.1 >> 1
+10000000.1 >> 2
+10000000.1 >> 3
+10000000.1 >> 4
+10000000.1 >> 5
+10000000.1 >> 6
+10000000.1 >> 7
+10000000.1 >> 8
+10000000.1 >> 9
+10000000.1 >> 10
+10000000.1 >> 11
+10000000.1 >> 12
+10000000.1 >> 13
+10000000.1 >> 14
+10000000.1 >> 15
+10000000.1 >> 16
+10000000.1 >> 17
+10000000.1 >> 18
+10000000.1 >> 19
+10000000.01 >> 0
+10000000.01 >> 1
+10000000.01 >> 2
+10000000.01 >> 3
+10000000.01 >> 4
+10000000.01 >> 5
+10000000.01 >> 6
+10000000.01 >> 7
+10000000.01 >> 8
+10000000.01 >> 9
+10000000.01 >> 10
+10000000.01 >> 11
+10000000.01 >> 12
+10000000.01 >> 13
+10000000.01 >> 14
+10000000.01 >> 15
+10000000.01 >> 16
+10000000.01 >> 17
+10000000.01 >> 18
+10000000.01 >> 19
+10000000.001 >> 0
+10000000.001 >> 1
+10000000.001 >> 2
+10000000.001 >> 3
+10000000.001 >> 4
+10000000.001 >> 5
+10000000.001 >> 6
+10000000.001 >> 7
+10000000.001 >> 8
+10000000.001 >> 9
+10000000.001 >> 10
+10000000.001 >> 11
+10000000.001 >> 12
+10000000.001 >> 13
+10000000.001 >> 14
+10000000.001 >> 15
+10000000.001 >> 16
+10000000.001 >> 17
+10000000.001 >> 18
+10000000.001 >> 19
+10000000.0001 >> 0
+10000000.0001 >> 1
+10000000.0001 >> 2
+10000000.0001 >> 3
+10000000.0001 >> 4
+10000000.0001 >> 5
+10000000.0001 >> 6
+10000000.0001 >> 7
+10000000.0001 >> 8
+10000000.0001 >> 9
+10000000.0001 >> 10
+10000000.0001 >> 11
+10000000.0001 >> 12
+10000000.0001 >> 13
+10000000.0001 >> 14
+10000000.0001 >> 15
+10000000.0001 >> 16
+10000000.0001 >> 17
+10000000.0001 >> 18
+10000000.0001 >> 19
+10000000.00001 >> 0
+10000000.00001 >> 1
+10000000.00001 >> 2
+10000000.00001 >> 3
+10000000.00001 >> 4
+10000000.00001 >> 5
+10000000.00001 >> 6
+10000000.00001 >> 7
+10000000.00001 >> 8
+10000000.00001 >> 9
+10000000.00001 >> 10
+10000000.00001 >> 11
+10000000.00001 >> 12
+10000000.00001 >> 13
+10000000.00001 >> 14
+10000000.00001 >> 15
+10000000.00001 >> 16
+10000000.00001 >> 17
+10000000.00001 >> 18
+10000000.00001 >> 19
+10000000.000001 >> 0
+10000000.000001 >> 1
+10000000.000001 >> 2
+10000000.000001 >> 3
+10000000.000001 >> 4
+10000000.000001 >> 5
+10000000.000001 >> 6
+10000000.000001 >> 7
+10000000.000001 >> 8
+10000000.000001 >> 9
+10000000.000001 >> 10
+10000000.000001 >> 11
+10000000.000001 >> 12
+10000000.000001 >> 13
+10000000.000001 >> 14
+10000000.000001 >> 15
+10000000.000001 >> 16
+10000000.000001 >> 17
+10000000.000001 >> 18
+10000000.000001 >> 19
+10000000.0000001 >> 0
+10000000.0000001 >> 1
+10000000.0000001 >> 2
+10000000.0000001 >> 3
+10000000.0000001 >> 4
+10000000.0000001 >> 5
+10000000.0000001 >> 6
+10000000.0000001 >> 7
+10000000.0000001 >> 8
+10000000.0000001 >> 9
+10000000.0000001 >> 10
+10000000.0000001 >> 11
+10000000.0000001 >> 12
+10000000.0000001 >> 13
+10000000.0000001 >> 14
+10000000.0000001 >> 15
+10000000.0000001 >> 16
+10000000.0000001 >> 17
+10000000.0000001 >> 18
+10000000.0000001 >> 19
+10000000.00000001 >> 0
+10000000.00000001 >> 1
+10000000.00000001 >> 2
+10000000.00000001 >> 3
+10000000.00000001 >> 4
+10000000.00000001 >> 5
+10000000.00000001 >> 6
+10000000.00000001 >> 7
+10000000.00000001 >> 8
+10000000.00000001 >> 9
+10000000.00000001 >> 10
+10000000.00000001 >> 11
+10000000.00000001 >> 12
+10000000.00000001 >> 13
+10000000.00000001 >> 14
+10000000.00000001 >> 15
+10000000.00000001 >> 16
+10000000.00000001 >> 17
+10000000.00000001 >> 18
+10000000.00000001 >> 19
+10000000.000000001 >> 0
+10000000.000000001 >> 1
+10000000.000000001 >> 2
+10000000.000000001 >> 3
+10000000.000000001 >> 4
+10000000.000000001 >> 5
+10000000.000000001 >> 6
+10000000.000000001 >> 7
+10000000.000000001 >> 8
+10000000.000000001 >> 9
+10000000.000000001 >> 10
+10000000.000000001 >> 11
+10000000.000000001 >> 12
+10000000.000000001 >> 13
+10000000.000000001 >> 14
+10000000.000000001 >> 15
+10000000.000000001 >> 16
+10000000.000000001 >> 17
+10000000.000000001 >> 18
+10000000.000000001 >> 19
+10000000.0000000001 >> 0
+10000000.0000000001 >> 1
+10000000.0000000001 >> 2
+10000000.0000000001 >> 3
+10000000.0000000001 >> 4
+10000000.0000000001 >> 5
+10000000.0000000001 >> 6
+10000000.0000000001 >> 7
+10000000.0000000001 >> 8
+10000000.0000000001 >> 9
+10000000.0000000001 >> 10
+10000000.0000000001 >> 11
+10000000.0000000001 >> 12
+10000000.0000000001 >> 13
+10000000.0000000001 >> 14
+10000000.0000000001 >> 15
+10000000.0000000001 >> 16
+10000000.0000000001 >> 17
+10000000.0000000001 >> 18
+10000000.0000000001 >> 19
+100000000 >> 0
+100000000 >> 1
+100000000 >> 2
+100000000 >> 3
+100000000 >> 4
+100000000 >> 5
+100000000 >> 6
+100000000 >> 7
+100000000 >> 8
+100000000 >> 9
+100000000 >> 10
+100000000 >> 11
+100000000 >> 12
+100000000 >> 13
+100000000 >> 14
+100000000 >> 15
+100000000 >> 16
+100000000 >> 17
+100000000 >> 18
+100000000 >> 19
+100000000.1 >> 0
+100000000.1 >> 1
+100000000.1 >> 2
+100000000.1 >> 3
+100000000.1 >> 4
+100000000.1 >> 5
+100000000.1 >> 6
+100000000.1 >> 7
+100000000.1 >> 8
+100000000.1 >> 9
+100000000.1 >> 10
+100000000.1 >> 11
+100000000.1 >> 12
+100000000.1 >> 13
+100000000.1 >> 14
+100000000.1 >> 15
+100000000.1 >> 16
+100000000.1 >> 17
+100000000.1 >> 18
+100000000.1 >> 19
+100000000.01 >> 0
+100000000.01 >> 1
+100000000.01 >> 2
+100000000.01 >> 3
+100000000.01 >> 4
+100000000.01 >> 5
+100000000.01 >> 6
+100000000.01 >> 7
+100000000.01 >> 8
+100000000.01 >> 9
+100000000.01 >> 10
+100000000.01 >> 11
+100000000.01 >> 12
+100000000.01 >> 13
+100000000.01 >> 14
+100000000.01 >> 15
+100000000.01 >> 16
+100000000.01 >> 17
+100000000.01 >> 18
+100000000.01 >> 19
+100000000.001 >> 0
+100000000.001 >> 1
+100000000.001 >> 2
+100000000.001 >> 3
+100000000.001 >> 4
+100000000.001 >> 5
+100000000.001 >> 6
+100000000.001 >> 7
+100000000.001 >> 8
+100000000.001 >> 9
+100000000.001 >> 10
+100000000.001 >> 11
+100000000.001 >> 12
+100000000.001 >> 13
+100000000.001 >> 14
+100000000.001 >> 15
+100000000.001 >> 16
+100000000.001 >> 17
+100000000.001 >> 18
+100000000.001 >> 19
+100000000.0001 >> 0
+100000000.0001 >> 1
+100000000.0001 >> 2
+100000000.0001 >> 3
+100000000.0001 >> 4
+100000000.0001 >> 5
+100000000.0001 >> 6
+100000000.0001 >> 7
+100000000.0001 >> 8
+100000000.0001 >> 9
+100000000.0001 >> 10
+100000000.0001 >> 11
+100000000.0001 >> 12
+100000000.0001 >> 13
+100000000.0001 >> 14
+100000000.0001 >> 15
+100000000.0001 >> 16
+100000000.0001 >> 17
+100000000.0001 >> 18
+100000000.0001 >> 19
+100000000.00001 >> 0
+100000000.00001 >> 1
+100000000.00001 >> 2
+100000000.00001 >> 3
+100000000.00001 >> 4
+100000000.00001 >> 5
+100000000.00001 >> 6
+100000000.00001 >> 7
+100000000.00001 >> 8
+100000000.00001 >> 9
+100000000.00001 >> 10
+100000000.00001 >> 11
+100000000.00001 >> 12
+100000000.00001 >> 13
+100000000.00001 >> 14
+100000000.00001 >> 15
+100000000.00001 >> 16
+100000000.00001 >> 17
+100000000.00001 >> 18
+100000000.00001 >> 19
+100000000.000001 >> 0
+100000000.000001 >> 1
+100000000.000001 >> 2
+100000000.000001 >> 3
+100000000.000001 >> 4
+100000000.000001 >> 5
+100000000.000001 >> 6
+100000000.000001 >> 7
+100000000.000001 >> 8
+100000000.000001 >> 9
+100000000.000001 >> 10
+100000000.000001 >> 11
+100000000.000001 >> 12
+100000000.000001 >> 13
+100000000.000001 >> 14
+100000000.000001 >> 15
+100000000.000001 >> 16
+100000000.000001 >> 17
+100000000.000001 >> 18
+100000000.000001 >> 19
+100000000.0000001 >> 0
+100000000.0000001 >> 1
+100000000.0000001 >> 2
+100000000.0000001 >> 3
+100000000.0000001 >> 4
+100000000.0000001 >> 5
+100000000.0000001 >> 6
+100000000.0000001 >> 7
+100000000.0000001 >> 8
+100000000.0000001 >> 9
+100000000.0000001 >> 10
+100000000.0000001 >> 11
+100000000.0000001 >> 12
+100000000.0000001 >> 13
+100000000.0000001 >> 14
+100000000.0000001 >> 15
+100000000.0000001 >> 16
+100000000.0000001 >> 17
+100000000.0000001 >> 18
+100000000.0000001 >> 19
+100000000.00000001 >> 0
+100000000.00000001 >> 1
+100000000.00000001 >> 2
+100000000.00000001 >> 3
+100000000.00000001 >> 4
+100000000.00000001 >> 5
+100000000.00000001 >> 6
+100000000.00000001 >> 7
+100000000.00000001 >> 8
+100000000.00000001 >> 9
+100000000.00000001 >> 10
+100000000.00000001 >> 11
+100000000.00000001 >> 12
+100000000.00000001 >> 13
+100000000.00000001 >> 14
+100000000.00000001 >> 15
+100000000.00000001 >> 16
+100000000.00000001 >> 17
+100000000.00000001 >> 18
+100000000.00000001 >> 19
+100000000.000000001 >> 0
+100000000.000000001 >> 1
+100000000.000000001 >> 2
+100000000.000000001 >> 3
+100000000.000000001 >> 4
+100000000.000000001 >> 5
+100000000.000000001 >> 6
+100000000.000000001 >> 7
+100000000.000000001 >> 8
+100000000.000000001 >> 9
+100000000.000000001 >> 10
+100000000.000000001 >> 11
+100000000.000000001 >> 12
+100000000.000000001 >> 13
+100000000.000000001 >> 14
+100000000.000000001 >> 15
+100000000.000000001 >> 16
+100000000.000000001 >> 17
+100000000.000000001 >> 18
+100000000.000000001 >> 19
+100000000.0000000001 >> 0
+100000000.0000000001 >> 1
+100000000.0000000001 >> 2
+100000000.0000000001 >> 3
+100000000.0000000001 >> 4
+100000000.0000000001 >> 5
+100000000.0000000001 >> 6
+100000000.0000000001 >> 7
+100000000.0000000001 >> 8
+100000000.0000000001 >> 9
+100000000.0000000001 >> 10
+100000000.0000000001 >> 11
+100000000.0000000001 >> 12
+100000000.0000000001 >> 13
+100000000.0000000001 >> 14
+100000000.0000000001 >> 15
+100000000.0000000001 >> 16
+100000000.0000000001 >> 17
+100000000.0000000001 >> 18
+100000000.0000000001 >> 19
+1000000000 >> 0
+1000000000 >> 1
+1000000000 >> 2
+1000000000 >> 3
+1000000000 >> 4
+1000000000 >> 5
+1000000000 >> 6
+1000000000 >> 7
+1000000000 >> 8
+1000000000 >> 9
+1000000000 >> 10
+1000000000 >> 11
+1000000000 >> 12
+1000000000 >> 13
+1000000000 >> 14
+1000000000 >> 15
+1000000000 >> 16
+1000000000 >> 17
+1000000000 >> 18
+1000000000 >> 19
+1000000000.1 >> 0
+1000000000.1 >> 1
+1000000000.1 >> 2
+1000000000.1 >> 3
+1000000000.1 >> 4
+1000000000.1 >> 5
+1000000000.1 >> 6
+1000000000.1 >> 7
+1000000000.1 >> 8
+1000000000.1 >> 9
+1000000000.1 >> 10
+1000000000.1 >> 11
+1000000000.1 >> 12
+1000000000.1 >> 13
+1000000000.1 >> 14
+1000000000.1 >> 15
+1000000000.1 >> 16
+1000000000.1 >> 17
+1000000000.1 >> 18
+1000000000.1 >> 19
+1000000000.01 >> 0
+1000000000.01 >> 1
+1000000000.01 >> 2
+1000000000.01 >> 3
+1000000000.01 >> 4
+1000000000.01 >> 5
+1000000000.01 >> 6
+1000000000.01 >> 7
+1000000000.01 >> 8
+1000000000.01 >> 9
+1000000000.01 >> 10
+1000000000.01 >> 11
+1000000000.01 >> 12
+1000000000.01 >> 13
+1000000000.01 >> 14
+1000000000.01 >> 15
+1000000000.01 >> 16
+1000000000.01 >> 17
+1000000000.01 >> 18
+1000000000.01 >> 19
+1000000000.001 >> 0
+1000000000.001 >> 1
+1000000000.001 >> 2
+1000000000.001 >> 3
+1000000000.001 >> 4
+1000000000.001 >> 5
+1000000000.001 >> 6
+1000000000.001 >> 7
+1000000000.001 >> 8
+1000000000.001 >> 9
+1000000000.001 >> 10
+1000000000.001 >> 11
+1000000000.001 >> 12
+1000000000.001 >> 13
+1000000000.001 >> 14
+1000000000.001 >> 15
+1000000000.001 >> 16
+1000000000.001 >> 17
+1000000000.001 >> 18
+1000000000.001 >> 19
+1000000000.0001 >> 0
+1000000000.0001 >> 1
+1000000000.0001 >> 2
+1000000000.0001 >> 3
+1000000000.0001 >> 4
+1000000000.0001 >> 5
+1000000000.0001 >> 6
+1000000000.0001 >> 7
+1000000000.0001 >> 8
+1000000000.0001 >> 9
+1000000000.0001 >> 10
+1000000000.0001 >> 11
+1000000000.0001 >> 12
+1000000000.0001 >> 13
+1000000000.0001 >> 14
+1000000000.0001 >> 15
+1000000000.0001 >> 16
+1000000000.0001 >> 17
+1000000000.0001 >> 18
+1000000000.0001 >> 19
+1000000000.00001 >> 0
+1000000000.00001 >> 1
+1000000000.00001 >> 2
+1000000000.00001 >> 3
+1000000000.00001 >> 4
+1000000000.00001 >> 5
+1000000000.00001 >> 6
+1000000000.00001 >> 7
+1000000000.00001 >> 8
+1000000000.00001 >> 9
+1000000000.00001 >> 10
+1000000000.00001 >> 11
+1000000000.00001 >> 12
+1000000000.00001 >> 13
+1000000000.00001 >> 14
+1000000000.00001 >> 15
+1000000000.00001 >> 16
+1000000000.00001 >> 17
+1000000000.00001 >> 18
+1000000000.00001 >> 19
+1000000000.000001 >> 0
+1000000000.000001 >> 1
+1000000000.000001 >> 2
+1000000000.000001 >> 3
+1000000000.000001 >> 4
+1000000000.000001 >> 5
+1000000000.000001 >> 6
+1000000000.000001 >> 7
+1000000000.000001 >> 8
+1000000000.000001 >> 9
+1000000000.000001 >> 10
+1000000000.000001 >> 11
+1000000000.000001 >> 12
+1000000000.000001 >> 13
+1000000000.000001 >> 14
+1000000000.000001 >> 15
+1000000000.000001 >> 16
+1000000000.000001 >> 17
+1000000000.000001 >> 18
+1000000000.000001 >> 19
+1000000000.0000001 >> 0
+1000000000.0000001 >> 1
+1000000000.0000001 >> 2
+1000000000.0000001 >> 3
+1000000000.0000001 >> 4
+1000000000.0000001 >> 5
+1000000000.0000001 >> 6
+1000000000.0000001 >> 7
+1000000000.0000001 >> 8
+1000000000.0000001 >> 9
+1000000000.0000001 >> 10
+1000000000.0000001 >> 11
+1000000000.0000001 >> 12
+1000000000.0000001 >> 13
+1000000000.0000001 >> 14
+1000000000.0000001 >> 15
+1000000000.0000001 >> 16
+1000000000.0000001 >> 17
+1000000000.0000001 >> 18
+1000000000.0000001 >> 19
+1000000000.00000001 >> 0
+1000000000.00000001 >> 1
+1000000000.00000001 >> 2
+1000000000.00000001 >> 3
+1000000000.00000001 >> 4
+1000000000.00000001 >> 5
+1000000000.00000001 >> 6
+1000000000.00000001 >> 7
+1000000000.00000001 >> 8
+1000000000.00000001 >> 9
+1000000000.00000001 >> 10
+1000000000.00000001 >> 11
+1000000000.00000001 >> 12
+1000000000.00000001 >> 13
+1000000000.00000001 >> 14
+1000000000.00000001 >> 15
+1000000000.00000001 >> 16
+1000000000.00000001 >> 17
+1000000000.00000001 >> 18
+1000000000.00000001 >> 19
+1000000000.000000001 >> 0
+1000000000.000000001 >> 1
+1000000000.000000001 >> 2
+1000000000.000000001 >> 3
+1000000000.000000001 >> 4
+1000000000.000000001 >> 5
+1000000000.000000001 >> 6
+1000000000.000000001 >> 7
+1000000000.000000001 >> 8
+1000000000.000000001 >> 9
+1000000000.000000001 >> 10
+1000000000.000000001 >> 11
+1000000000.000000001 >> 12
+1000000000.000000001 >> 13
+1000000000.000000001 >> 14
+1000000000.000000001 >> 15
+1000000000.000000001 >> 16
+1000000000.000000001 >> 17
+1000000000.000000001 >> 18
+1000000000.000000001 >> 19
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 0
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 1
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 2
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 3
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 4
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 5
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 6
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 7
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 8
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 9
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 10
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 11
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 12
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 13
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 14
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 15
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 16
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 17
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 18
+1000000000.0000000001 >> 19
+10000000000 >> 0
+10000000000 >> 1
+10000000000 >> 2
+10000000000 >> 3
+10000000000 >> 4
+10000000000 >> 5
+10000000000 >> 6
+10000000000 >> 7
+10000000000 >> 8
+10000000000 >> 9
+10000000000 >> 10
+10000000000 >> 11
+10000000000 >> 12
+10000000000 >> 13
+10000000000 >> 14
+10000000000 >> 15
+10000000000 >> 16
+10000000000 >> 17
+10000000000 >> 18
+10000000000 >> 19
+10000000000.1 >> 0
+10000000000.1 >> 1
+10000000000.1 >> 2
+10000000000.1 >> 3
+10000000000.1 >> 4
+10000000000.1 >> 5
+10000000000.1 >> 6
+10000000000.1 >> 7
+10000000000.1 >> 8
+10000000000.1 >> 9
+10000000000.1 >> 10
+10000000000.1 >> 11
+10000000000.1 >> 12
+10000000000.1 >> 13
+10000000000.1 >> 14
+10000000000.1 >> 15
+10000000000.1 >> 16
+10000000000.1 >> 17
+10000000000.1 >> 18
+10000000000.1 >> 19
+10000000000.01 >> 0
+10000000000.01 >> 1
+10000000000.01 >> 2
+10000000000.01 >> 3
+10000000000.01 >> 4
+10000000000.01 >> 5
+10000000000.01 >> 6
+10000000000.01 >> 7
+10000000000.01 >> 8
+10000000000.01 >> 9
+10000000000.01 >> 10
+10000000000.01 >> 11
+10000000000.01 >> 12
+10000000000.01 >> 13
+10000000000.01 >> 14
+10000000000.01 >> 15
+10000000000.01 >> 16
+10000000000.01 >> 17
+10000000000.01 >> 18
+10000000000.01 >> 19
+10000000000.001 >> 0
+10000000000.001 >> 1
+10000000000.001 >> 2
+10000000000.001 >> 3
+10000000000.001 >> 4
+10000000000.001 >> 5
+10000000000.001 >> 6
+10000000000.001 >> 7
+10000000000.001 >> 8
+10000000000.001 >> 9
+10000000000.001 >> 10
+10000000000.001 >> 11
+10000000000.001 >> 12
+10000000000.001 >> 13
+10000000000.001 >> 14
+10000000000.001 >> 15
+10000000000.001 >> 16
+10000000000.001 >> 17
+10000000000.001 >> 18
+10000000000.001 >> 19
+10000000000.0001 >> 0
+10000000000.0001 >> 1
+10000000000.0001 >> 2
+10000000000.0001 >> 3
+10000000000.0001 >> 4
+10000000000.0001 >> 5
+10000000000.0001 >> 6
+10000000000.0001 >> 7
+10000000000.0001 >> 8
+10000000000.0001 >> 9
+10000000000.0001 >> 10
+10000000000.0001 >> 11
+10000000000.0001 >> 12
+10000000000.0001 >> 13
+10000000000.0001 >> 14
+10000000000.0001 >> 15
+10000000000.0001 >> 16
+10000000000.0001 >> 17
+10000000000.0001 >> 18
+10000000000.0001 >> 19
+10000000000.00001 >> 0
+10000000000.00001 >> 1
+10000000000.00001 >> 2
+10000000000.00001 >> 3
+10000000000.00001 >> 4
+10000000000.00001 >> 5
+10000000000.00001 >> 6
+10000000000.00001 >> 7
+10000000000.00001 >> 8
+10000000000.00001 >> 9
+10000000000.00001 >> 10
+10000000000.00001 >> 11
+10000000000.00001 >> 12
+10000000000.00001 >> 13
+10000000000.00001 >> 14
+10000000000.00001 >> 15
+10000000000.00001 >> 16
+10000000000.00001 >> 17
+10000000000.00001 >> 18
+10000000000.00001 >> 19
+10000000000.000001 >> 0
+10000000000.000001 >> 1
+10000000000.000001 >> 2
+10000000000.000001 >> 3
+10000000000.000001 >> 4
+10000000000.000001 >> 5
+10000000000.000001 >> 6
+10000000000.000001 >> 7
+10000000000.000001 >> 8
+10000000000.000001 >> 9
+10000000000.000001 >> 10
+10000000000.000001 >> 11
+10000000000.000001 >> 12
+10000000000.000001 >> 13
+10000000000.000001 >> 14
+10000000000.000001 >> 15
+10000000000.000001 >> 16
+10000000000.000001 >> 17
+10000000000.000001 >> 18
+10000000000.000001 >> 19
+10000000000.0000001 >> 0
+10000000000.0000001 >> 1
+10000000000.0000001 >> 2
+10000000000.0000001 >> 3
+10000000000.0000001 >> 4
+10000000000.0000001 >> 5
+10000000000.0000001 >> 6
+10000000000.0000001 >> 7
+10000000000.0000001 >> 8
+10000000000.0000001 >> 9
+10000000000.0000001 >> 10
+10000000000.0000001 >> 11
+10000000000.0000001 >> 12
+10000000000.0000001 >> 13
+10000000000.0000001 >> 14
+10000000000.0000001 >> 15
+10000000000.0000001 >> 16
+10000000000.0000001 >> 17
+10000000000.0000001 >> 18
+10000000000.0000001 >> 19
+10000000000.00000001 >> 0
+10000000000.00000001 >> 1
+10000000000.00000001 >> 2
+10000000000.00000001 >> 3
+10000000000.00000001 >> 4
+10000000000.00000001 >> 5
+10000000000.00000001 >> 6
+10000000000.00000001 >> 7
+10000000000.00000001 >> 8
+10000000000.00000001 >> 9
+10000000000.00000001 >> 10
+10000000000.00000001 >> 11
+10000000000.00000001 >> 12
+10000000000.00000001 >> 13
+10000000000.00000001 >> 14
+10000000000.00000001 >> 15
+10000000000.00000001 >> 16
+10000000000.00000001 >> 17
+10000000000.00000001 >> 18
+10000000000.00000001 >> 19
+10000000000.000000001 >> 0
+10000000000.000000001 >> 1
+10000000000.000000001 >> 2
+10000000000.000000001 >> 3
+10000000000.000000001 >> 4
+10000000000.000000001 >> 5
+10000000000.000000001 >> 6
+10000000000.000000001 >> 7
+10000000000.000000001 >> 8
+10000000000.000000001 >> 9
+10000000000.000000001 >> 10
+10000000000.000000001 >> 11
+10000000000.000000001 >> 12
+10000000000.000000001 >> 13
+10000000000.000000001 >> 14
+10000000000.000000001 >> 15
+10000000000.000000001 >> 16
+10000000000.000000001 >> 17
+10000000000.000000001 >> 18
+10000000000.000000001 >> 19
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 0
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 1
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 2
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 3
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 4
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 5
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 6
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 7
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 8
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 9
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 10
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 11
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 12
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 13
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 14
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 15
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 16
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 17
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 18
+10000000000.0000000001 >> 19
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/shift.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/shift_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/shift_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/shift_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,5325 @@
+0
+1
+2
+.0023896
+1.298346
+2.00000000
+2.3896
+12983.46
+200000.000
+891368923489.76
+1892634051829351283289298000000000000000000000000
+0
+1
+2
+.0023896
+1.298346
+2.00000000
+.0000023896
+.0001298346
+.0000200000000
+.0089136892348976
+1.892634051829351283289298
+-1
+-2
+-.0023896
+-1.298346
+-2.00000000
+-2.3896
+-12983.46
+-200000.000
+-891368923489.76
+-1892634051829351283289298000000000000000000000000
+-1
+-2
+-.0023896
+-1.298346
+-2.00000000
+-.0000023896
+-.0001298346
+-.0000200000000
+-.0089136892348976
+.0089136892348976
+-1.892634051829351283289298
+1.892634051829351283289298
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+.1
+1
+10
+100
+1000
+10000
+100000
+1000000
+10000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+1000000000000
+10000000000000
+100000000000000
+1000000000000000
+10000000000000000
+100000000000000000
+1000000000000000000
+.01
+.1
+1
+10
+100
+1000
+10000
+100000
+1000000
+10000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+1000000000000
+10000000000000
+100000000000000
+1000000000000000
+10000000000000000
+100000000000000000
+.001
+.01
+.1
+1
+10
+100
+1000
+10000
+100000
+1000000
+10000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+1000000000000
+10000000000000
+100000000000000
+1000000000000000
+10000000000000000
+.0001
+.001
+.01
+.1
+1
+10
+100
+1000
+10000
+100000
+1000000
+10000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+1000000000000
+10000000000000
+100000000000000
+1000000000000000
+.00001
+.0001
+.001
+.01
+.1
+1
+10
+100
+1000
+10000
+100000
+1000000
+10000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+1000000000000
+10000000000000
+100000000000000
+.000001
+.00001
+.0001
+.001
+.01
+.1
+1
+10
+100
+1000
+10000
+100000
+1000000
+10000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+1000000000000
+10000000000000
+.0000001
+.000001
+.00001
+.0001
+.001
+.01
+.1
+1
+10
+100
+1000
+10000
+100000
+1000000
+10000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+1000000000000
+.00000001
+.0000001
+.000001
+.00001
+.0001
+.001
+.01
+.1
+1
+10
+100
+1000
+10000
+100000
+1000000
+10000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+.000000001
+.00000001
+.0000001
+.000001
+.00001
+.0001
+.001
+.01
+.1
+1
+10
+100
+1000
+10000
+100000
+1000000
+10000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+.0000000001
+.000000001
+.00000001
+.0000001
+.000001
+.00001
+.0001
+.001
+.01
+.1
+1
+10
+100
+1000
+10000
+100000
+1000000
+10000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+1
+10
+100
+1000
+10000
+100000
+1000000
+10000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+1000000000000
+10000000000000
+100000000000000
+1000000000000000
+10000000000000000
+100000000000000000
+1000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000
+1.1
+11
+110
+1100
+11000
+110000
+1100000
+11000000
+110000000
+1100000000
+11000000000
+110000000000
+1100000000000
+11000000000000
+110000000000000
+1100000000000000
+11000000000000000
+110000000000000000
+1100000000000000000
+11000000000000000000
+1.01
+10.1
+101
+1010
+10100
+101000
+1010000
+10100000
+101000000
+1010000000
+10100000000
+101000000000
+1010000000000
+10100000000000
+101000000000000
+1010000000000000
+10100000000000000
+101000000000000000
+1010000000000000000
+10100000000000000000
+1.001
+10.01
+100.1
+1001
+10010
+100100
+1001000
+10010000
+100100000
+1001000000
+10010000000
+100100000000
+1001000000000
+10010000000000
+100100000000000
+1001000000000000
+10010000000000000
+100100000000000000
+1001000000000000000
+10010000000000000000
+1.0001
+10.001
+100.01
+1000.1
+10001
+100010
+1000100
+10001000
+100010000
+1000100000
+10001000000
+100010000000
+1000100000000
+10001000000000
+100010000000000
+1000100000000000
+10001000000000000
+100010000000000000
+1000100000000000000
+10001000000000000000
+1.00001
+10.0001
+100.001
+1000.01
+10000.1
+100001
+1000010
+10000100
+100001000
+1000010000
+10000100000
+100001000000
+1000010000000
+10000100000000
+100001000000000
+1000010000000000
+10000100000000000
+100001000000000000
+1000010000000000000
+10000100000000000000
+1.000001
+10.00001
+100.0001
+1000.001
+10000.01
+100000.1
+1000001
+10000010
+100000100
+1000001000
+10000010000
+100000100000
+1000001000000
+10000010000000
+100000100000000
+1000001000000000
+10000010000000000
+100000100000000000
+1000001000000000000
+10000010000000000000
+1.0000001
+10.000001
+100.00001
+1000.0001
+10000.001
+100000.01
+1000000.1
+10000001
+100000010
+1000000100
+10000001000
+100000010000
+1000000100000
+10000001000000
+100000010000000
+1000000100000000
+10000001000000000
+100000010000000000
+1000000100000000000
+10000001000000000000
+1.00000001
+10.0000001
+100.000001
+1000.00001
+10000.0001
+100000.001
+1000000.01
+10000000.1
+100000001
+1000000010
+10000000100
+100000001000
+1000000010000
+10000000100000
+100000001000000
+1000000010000000
+10000000100000000
+100000001000000000
+1000000010000000000
+10000000100000000000
+1.000000001
+10.00000001
+100.0000001
+1000.000001
+10000.00001
+100000.0001
+1000000.001
+10000000.01
+100000000.1
+1000000001
+10000000010
+100000000100
+1000000001000
+10000000010000
+100000000100000
+1000000001000000
+10000000010000000
+100000000100000000
+1000000001000000000
+10000000010000000000
+1.0000000001
+10.000000001
+100.00000001
+1000.0000001
+10000.000001
+100000.00001
+1000000.0001
+10000000.001
+100000000.01
+1000000000.1
+10000000001
+100000000010
+1000000000100
+10000000001000
+100000000010000
+1000000000100000
+10000000001000000
+100000000010000000
+1000000000100000000
+10000000001000000000
+10
+100
+1000
+10000
+100000
+1000000
+10000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+1000000000000
+10000000000000
+100000000000000
+1000000000000000
+10000000000000000
+100000000000000000
+1000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000
+10.1
+101
+1010
+10100
+101000
+1010000
+10100000
+101000000
+1010000000
+10100000000
+101000000000
+1010000000000
+10100000000000
+101000000000000
+1010000000000000
+10100000000000000
+101000000000000000
+1010000000000000000
+10100000000000000000
+101000000000000000000
+10.01
+100.1
+1001
+10010
+100100
+1001000
+10010000
+100100000
+1001000000
+10010000000
+100100000000
+1001000000000
+10010000000000
+100100000000000
+1001000000000000
+10010000000000000
+100100000000000000
+1001000000000000000
+10010000000000000000
+100100000000000000000
+10.001
+100.01
+1000.1
+10001
+100010
+1000100
+10001000
+100010000
+1000100000
+10001000000
+100010000000
+1000100000000
+10001000000000
+100010000000000
+1000100000000000
+10001000000000000
+100010000000000000
+1000100000000000000
+10001000000000000000
+100010000000000000000
+10.0001
+100.001
+1000.01
+10000.1
+100001
+1000010
+10000100
+100001000
+1000010000
+10000100000
+100001000000
+1000010000000
+10000100000000
+100001000000000
+1000010000000000
+10000100000000000
+100001000000000000
+1000010000000000000
+10000100000000000000
+100001000000000000000
+10.00001
+100.0001
+1000.001
+10000.01
+100000.1
+1000001
+10000010
+100000100
+1000001000
+10000010000
+100000100000
+1000001000000
+10000010000000
+100000100000000
+1000001000000000
+10000010000000000
+100000100000000000
+1000001000000000000
+10000010000000000000
+100000100000000000000
+10.000001
+100.00001
+1000.0001
+10000.001
+100000.01
+1000000.1
+10000001
+100000010
+1000000100
+10000001000
+100000010000
+1000000100000
+10000001000000
+100000010000000
+1000000100000000
+10000001000000000
+100000010000000000
+1000000100000000000
+10000001000000000000
+100000010000000000000
+10.0000001
+100.000001
+1000.00001
+10000.0001
+100000.001
+1000000.01
+10000000.1
+100000001
+1000000010
+10000000100
+100000001000
+1000000010000
+10000000100000
+100000001000000
+1000000010000000
+10000000100000000
+100000001000000000
+1000000010000000000
+10000000100000000000
+100000001000000000000
+10.00000001
+100.0000001
+1000.000001
+10000.00001
+100000.0001
+1000000.001
+10000000.01
+100000000.1
+1000000001
+10000000010
+100000000100
+1000000001000
+10000000010000
+100000000100000
+1000000001000000
+10000000010000000
+100000000100000000
+1000000001000000000
+10000000010000000000
+100000000100000000000
+10.000000001
+100.00000001
+1000.0000001
+10000.000001
+100000.00001
+1000000.0001
+10000000.001
+100000000.01
+1000000000.1
+10000000001
+100000000010
+1000000000100
+10000000001000
+100000000010000
+1000000000100000
+10000000001000000
+100000000010000000
+1000000000100000000
+10000000001000000000
+100000000010000000000
+10.0000000001
+100.000000001
+1000.00000001
+10000.0000001
+100000.000001
+1000000.00001
+10000000.0001
+100000000.001
+1000000000.01
+10000000000.1
+100000000001
+1000000000010
+10000000000100
+100000000001000
+1000000000010000
+10000000000100000
+100000000001000000
+1000000000010000000
+10000000000100000000
+100000000001000000000
+100
+1000
+10000
+100000
+1000000
+10000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+1000000000000
+10000000000000
+100000000000000
+1000000000000000
+10000000000000000
+100000000000000000
+1000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000
+1000000000000000000000
+100.1
+1001
+10010
+100100
+1001000
+10010000
+100100000
+1001000000
+10010000000
+100100000000
+1001000000000
+10010000000000
+100100000000000
+1001000000000000
+10010000000000000
+100100000000000000
+1001000000000000000
+10010000000000000000
+100100000000000000000
+1001000000000000000000
+100.01
+1000.1
+10001
+100010
+1000100
+10001000
+100010000
+1000100000
+10001000000
+100010000000
+1000100000000
+10001000000000
+100010000000000
+1000100000000000
+10001000000000000
+100010000000000000
+1000100000000000000
+10001000000000000000
+100010000000000000000
+1000100000000000000000
+100.001
+1000.01
+10000.1
+100001
+1000010
+10000100
+100001000
+1000010000
+10000100000
+100001000000
+1000010000000
+10000100000000
+100001000000000
+1000010000000000
+10000100000000000
+100001000000000000
+1000010000000000000
+10000100000000000000
+100001000000000000000
+1000010000000000000000
+100.0001
+1000.001
+10000.01
+100000.1
+1000001
+10000010
+100000100
+1000001000
+10000010000
+100000100000
+1000001000000
+10000010000000
+100000100000000
+1000001000000000
+10000010000000000
+100000100000000000
+1000001000000000000
+10000010000000000000
+100000100000000000000
+1000001000000000000000
+100.00001
+1000.0001
+10000.001
+100000.01
+1000000.1
+10000001
+100000010
+1000000100
+10000001000
+100000010000
+1000000100000
+10000001000000
+100000010000000
+1000000100000000
+10000001000000000
+100000010000000000
+1000000100000000000
+10000001000000000000
+100000010000000000000
+1000000100000000000000
+100.000001
+1000.00001
+10000.0001
+100000.001
+1000000.01
+10000000.1
+100000001
+1000000010
+10000000100
+100000001000
+1000000010000
+10000000100000
+100000001000000
+1000000010000000
+10000000100000000
+100000001000000000
+1000000010000000000
+10000000100000000000
+100000001000000000000
+1000000010000000000000
+100.0000001
+1000.000001
+10000.00001
+100000.0001
+1000000.001
+10000000.01
+100000000.1
+1000000001
+10000000010
+100000000100
+1000000001000
+10000000010000
+100000000100000
+1000000001000000
+10000000010000000
+100000000100000000
+1000000001000000000
+10000000010000000000
+100000000100000000000
+1000000001000000000000
+100.00000001
+1000.0000001
+10000.000001
+100000.00001
+1000000.0001
+10000000.001
+100000000.01
+1000000000.1
+10000000001
+100000000010
+1000000000100
+10000000001000
+100000000010000
+1000000000100000
+10000000001000000
+100000000010000000
+1000000000100000000
+10000000001000000000
+100000000010000000000
+1000000000100000000000
+100.000000001
+1000.00000001
+10000.0000001
+100000.000001
+1000000.00001
+10000000.0001
+100000000.001
+1000000000.01
+10000000000.1
+100000000001
+1000000000010
+10000000000100
+100000000001000
+1000000000010000
+10000000000100000
+100000000001000000
+1000000000010000000
+10000000000100000000
+100000000001000000000
+1000000000010000000000
+100.0000000001
+1000.000000001
+10000.00000001
+100000.0000001
+1000000.000001
+10000000.00001
+100000000.0001
+1000000000.001
+10000000000.01
+100000000000.1
+1000000000001
+10000000000010
+100000000000100
+1000000000001000
+10000000000010000
+100000000000100000
+1000000000001000000
+10000000000010000000
+100000000000100000000
+1000000000001000000000
+1000
+10000
+100000
+1000000
+10000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+1000000000000
+10000000000000
+100000000000000
+1000000000000000
+10000000000000000
+100000000000000000
+1000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000
+1000000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000000
+1000.1
+10001
+100010
+1000100
+10001000
+100010000
+1000100000
+10001000000
+100010000000
+1000100000000
+10001000000000
+100010000000000
+1000100000000000
+10001000000000000
+100010000000000000
+1000100000000000000
+10001000000000000000
+100010000000000000000
+1000100000000000000000
+10001000000000000000000
+1000.01
+10000.1
+100001
+1000010
+10000100
+100001000
+1000010000
+10000100000
+100001000000
+1000010000000
+10000100000000
+100001000000000
+1000010000000000
+10000100000000000
+100001000000000000
+1000010000000000000
+10000100000000000000
+100001000000000000000
+1000010000000000000000
+10000100000000000000000
+1000.001
+10000.01
+100000.1
+1000001
+10000010
+100000100
+1000001000
+10000010000
+100000100000
+1000001000000
+10000010000000
+100000100000000
+1000001000000000
+10000010000000000
+100000100000000000
+1000001000000000000
+10000010000000000000
+100000100000000000000
+1000001000000000000000
+10000010000000000000000
+1000.0001
+10000.001
+100000.01
+1000000.1
+10000001
+100000010
+1000000100
+10000001000
+100000010000
+1000000100000
+10000001000000
+100000010000000
+1000000100000000
+10000001000000000
+100000010000000000
+1000000100000000000
+10000001000000000000
+100000010000000000000
+1000000100000000000000
+10000001000000000000000
+1000.00001
+10000.0001
+100000.001
+1000000.01
+10000000.1
+100000001
+1000000010
+10000000100
+100000001000
+1000000010000
+10000000100000
+100000001000000
+1000000010000000
+10000000100000000
+100000001000000000
+1000000010000000000
+10000000100000000000
+100000001000000000000
+1000000010000000000000
+10000000100000000000000
+1000.000001
+10000.00001
+100000.0001
+1000000.001
+10000000.01
+100000000.1
+1000000001
+10000000010
+100000000100
+1000000001000
+10000000010000
+100000000100000
+1000000001000000
+10000000010000000
+100000000100000000
+1000000001000000000
+10000000010000000000
+100000000100000000000
+1000000001000000000000
+10000000010000000000000
+1000.0000001
+10000.000001
+100000.00001
+1000000.0001
+10000000.001
+100000000.01
+1000000000.1
+10000000001
+100000000010
+1000000000100
+10000000001000
+100000000010000
+1000000000100000
+10000000001000000
+100000000010000000
+1000000000100000000
+10000000001000000000
+100000000010000000000
+1000000000100000000000
+10000000001000000000000
+1000.00000001
+10000.0000001
+100000.000001
+1000000.00001
+10000000.0001
+100000000.001
+1000000000.01
+10000000000.1
+100000000001
+1000000000010
+10000000000100
+100000000001000
+1000000000010000
+10000000000100000
+100000000001000000
+1000000000010000000
+10000000000100000000
+100000000001000000000
+1000000000010000000000
+10000000000100000000000
+1000.000000001
+10000.00000001
+100000.0000001
+1000000.000001
+10000000.00001
+100000000.0001
+1000000000.001
+10000000000.01
+100000000000.1
+1000000000001
+10000000000010
+100000000000100
+1000000000001000
+10000000000010000
+100000000000100000
+1000000000001000000
+10000000000010000000
+100000000000100000000
+1000000000001000000000
+10000000000010000000000
+1000.0000000001
+10000.000000001
+100000.00000001
+1000000.0000001
+10000000.000001
+100000000.00001
+1000000000.0001
+10000000000.001
+100000000000.01
+1000000000000.1
+10000000000001
+100000000000010
+1000000000000100
+10000000000001000
+100000000000010000
+1000000000000100000
+10000000000001000000
+100000000000010000000
+1000000000000100000000
+10000000000001000000000
+10000
+100000
+1000000
+10000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+1000000000000
+10000000000000
+100000000000000
+1000000000000000
+10000000000000000
+100000000000000000
+1000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000
+1000000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000000
+10000.1
+100001
+1000010
+10000100
+100001000
+1000010000
+10000100000
+100001000000
+1000010000000
+10000100000000
+100001000000000
+1000010000000000
+10000100000000000
+100001000000000000
+1000010000000000000
+10000100000000000000
+100001000000000000000
+1000010000000000000000
+10000100000000000000000
+100001000000000000000000
+10000.01
+100000.1
+1000001
+10000010
+100000100
+1000001000
+10000010000
+100000100000
+1000001000000
+10000010000000
+100000100000000
+1000001000000000
+10000010000000000
+100000100000000000
+1000001000000000000
+10000010000000000000
+100000100000000000000
+1000001000000000000000
+10000010000000000000000
+100000100000000000000000
+10000.001
+100000.01
+1000000.1
+10000001
+100000010
+1000000100
+10000001000
+100000010000
+1000000100000
+10000001000000
+100000010000000
+1000000100000000
+10000001000000000
+100000010000000000
+1000000100000000000
+10000001000000000000
+100000010000000000000
+1000000100000000000000
+10000001000000000000000
+100000010000000000000000
+10000.0001
+100000.001
+1000000.01
+10000000.1
+100000001
+1000000010
+10000000100
+100000001000
+1000000010000
+10000000100000
+100000001000000
+1000000010000000
+10000000100000000
+100000001000000000
+1000000010000000000
+10000000100000000000
+100000001000000000000
+1000000010000000000000
+10000000100000000000000
+100000001000000000000000
+10000.00001
+100000.0001
+1000000.001
+10000000.01
+100000000.1
+1000000001
+10000000010
+100000000100
+1000000001000
+10000000010000
+100000000100000
+1000000001000000
+10000000010000000
+100000000100000000
+1000000001000000000
+10000000010000000000
+100000000100000000000
+1000000001000000000000
+10000000010000000000000
+100000000100000000000000
+10000.000001
+100000.00001
+1000000.0001
+10000000.001
+100000000.01
+1000000000.1
+10000000001
+100000000010
+1000000000100
+10000000001000
+100000000010000
+1000000000100000
+10000000001000000
+100000000010000000
+1000000000100000000
+10000000001000000000
+100000000010000000000
+1000000000100000000000
+10000000001000000000000
+100000000010000000000000
+10000.0000001
+100000.000001
+1000000.00001
+10000000.0001
+100000000.001
+1000000000.01
+10000000000.1
+100000000001
+1000000000010
+10000000000100
+100000000001000
+1000000000010000
+10000000000100000
+100000000001000000
+1000000000010000000
+10000000000100000000
+100000000001000000000
+1000000000010000000000
+10000000000100000000000
+100000000001000000000000
+10000.00000001
+100000.0000001
+1000000.000001
+10000000.00001
+100000000.0001
+1000000000.001
+10000000000.01
+100000000000.1
+1000000000001
+10000000000010
+100000000000100
+1000000000001000
+10000000000010000
+100000000000100000
+1000000000001000000
+10000000000010000000
+100000000000100000000
+1000000000001000000000
+10000000000010000000000
+100000000000100000000000
+10000.000000001
+100000.00000001
+1000000.0000001
+10000000.000001
+100000000.00001
+1000000000.0001
+10000000000.001
+100000000000.01
+1000000000000.1
+10000000000001
+100000000000010
+1000000000000100
+10000000000001000
+100000000000010000
+1000000000000100000
+10000000000001000000
+100000000000010000000
+1000000000000100000000
+10000000000001000000000
+100000000000010000000000
+10000.0000000001
+100000.000000001
+1000000.00000001
+10000000.0000001
+100000000.000001
+1000000000.00001
+10000000000.0001
+100000000000.001
+1000000000000.01
+10000000000000.1
+100000000000001
+1000000000000010
+10000000000000100
+100000000000001000
+1000000000000010000
+10000000000000100000
+100000000000001000000
+1000000000000010000000
+10000000000000100000000
+100000000000001000000000
+100000
+1000000
+10000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+1000000000000
+10000000000000
+100000000000000
+1000000000000000
+10000000000000000
+100000000000000000
+1000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000
+1000000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000000
+1000000000000000000000000
+100000.1
+1000001
+10000010
+100000100
+1000001000
+10000010000
+100000100000
+1000001000000
+10000010000000
+100000100000000
+1000001000000000
+10000010000000000
+100000100000000000
+1000001000000000000
+10000010000000000000
+100000100000000000000
+1000001000000000000000
+10000010000000000000000
+100000100000000000000000
+1000001000000000000000000
+100000.01
+1000000.1
+10000001
+100000010
+1000000100
+10000001000
+100000010000
+1000000100000
+10000001000000
+100000010000000
+1000000100000000
+10000001000000000
+100000010000000000
+1000000100000000000
+10000001000000000000
+100000010000000000000
+1000000100000000000000
+10000001000000000000000
+100000010000000000000000
+1000000100000000000000000
+100000.001
+1000000.01
+10000000.1
+100000001
+1000000010
+10000000100
+100000001000
+1000000010000
+10000000100000
+100000001000000
+1000000010000000
+10000000100000000
+100000001000000000
+1000000010000000000
+10000000100000000000
+100000001000000000000
+1000000010000000000000
+10000000100000000000000
+100000001000000000000000
+1000000010000000000000000
+100000.0001
+1000000.001
+10000000.01
+100000000.1
+1000000001
+10000000010
+100000000100
+1000000001000
+10000000010000
+100000000100000
+1000000001000000
+10000000010000000
+100000000100000000
+1000000001000000000
+10000000010000000000
+100000000100000000000
+1000000001000000000000
+10000000010000000000000
+100000000100000000000000
+1000000001000000000000000
+100000.00001
+1000000.0001
+10000000.001
+100000000.01
+1000000000.1
+10000000001
+100000000010
+1000000000100
+10000000001000
+100000000010000
+1000000000100000
+10000000001000000
+100000000010000000
+1000000000100000000
+10000000001000000000
+100000000010000000000
+1000000000100000000000
+10000000001000000000000
+100000000010000000000000
+1000000000100000000000000
+100000.000001
+1000000.00001
+10000000.0001
+100000000.001
+1000000000.01
+10000000000.1
+100000000001
+1000000000010
+10000000000100
+100000000001000
+1000000000010000
+10000000000100000
+100000000001000000
+1000000000010000000
+10000000000100000000
+100000000001000000000
+1000000000010000000000
+10000000000100000000000
+100000000001000000000000
+1000000000010000000000000
+100000.0000001
+1000000.000001
+10000000.00001
+100000000.0001
+1000000000.001
+10000000000.01
+100000000000.1
+1000000000001
+10000000000010
+100000000000100
+1000000000001000
+10000000000010000
+100000000000100000
+1000000000001000000
+10000000000010000000
+100000000000100000000
+1000000000001000000000
+10000000000010000000000
+100000000000100000000000
+1000000000001000000000000
+100000.00000001
+1000000.0000001
+10000000.000001
+100000000.00001
+1000000000.0001
+10000000000.001
+100000000000.01
+1000000000000.1
+10000000000001
+100000000000010
+1000000000000100
+10000000000001000
+100000000000010000
+1000000000000100000
+10000000000001000000
+100000000000010000000
+1000000000000100000000
+10000000000001000000000
+100000000000010000000000
+1000000000000100000000000
+100000.000000001
+1000000.00000001
+10000000.0000001
+100000000.000001
+1000000000.00001
+10000000000.0001
+100000000000.001
+1000000000000.01
+10000000000000.1
+100000000000001
+1000000000000010
+10000000000000100
+100000000000001000
+1000000000000010000
+10000000000000100000
+100000000000001000000
+1000000000000010000000
+10000000000000100000000
+100000000000001000000000
+1000000000000010000000000
+100000.0000000001
+1000000.000000001
+10000000.00000001
+100000000.0000001
+1000000000.000001
+10000000000.00001
+100000000000.0001
+1000000000000.001
+10000000000000.01
+100000000000000.1
+1000000000000001
+10000000000000010
+100000000000000100
+1000000000000001000
+10000000000000010000
+100000000000000100000
+1000000000000001000000
+10000000000000010000000
+100000000000000100000000
+1000000000000001000000000
+1000000
+10000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+1000000000000
+10000000000000
+100000000000000
+1000000000000000
+10000000000000000
+100000000000000000
+1000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000
+1000000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000000
+1000000000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000000000
+1000000.1
+10000001
+100000010
+1000000100
+10000001000
+100000010000
+1000000100000
+10000001000000
+100000010000000
+1000000100000000
+10000001000000000
+100000010000000000
+1000000100000000000
+10000001000000000000
+100000010000000000000
+1000000100000000000000
+10000001000000000000000
+100000010000000000000000
+1000000100000000000000000
+10000001000000000000000000
+1000000.01
+10000000.1
+100000001
+1000000010
+10000000100
+100000001000
+1000000010000
+10000000100000
+100000001000000
+1000000010000000
+10000000100000000
+100000001000000000
+1000000010000000000
+10000000100000000000
+100000001000000000000
+1000000010000000000000
+10000000100000000000000
+100000001000000000000000
+1000000010000000000000000
+10000000100000000000000000
+1000000.001
+10000000.01
+100000000.1
+1000000001
+10000000010
+100000000100
+1000000001000
+10000000010000
+100000000100000
+1000000001000000
+10000000010000000
+100000000100000000
+1000000001000000000
+10000000010000000000
+100000000100000000000
+1000000001000000000000
+10000000010000000000000
+100000000100000000000000
+1000000001000000000000000
+10000000010000000000000000
+1000000.0001
+10000000.001
+100000000.01
+1000000000.1
+10000000001
+100000000010
+1000000000100
+10000000001000
+100000000010000
+1000000000100000
+10000000001000000
+100000000010000000
+1000000000100000000
+10000000001000000000
+100000000010000000000
+1000000000100000000000
+10000000001000000000000
+100000000010000000000000
+1000000000100000000000000
+10000000001000000000000000
+1000000.00001
+10000000.0001
+100000000.001
+1000000000.01
+10000000000.1
+100000000001
+1000000000010
+10000000000100
+100000000001000
+1000000000010000
+10000000000100000
+100000000001000000
+1000000000010000000
+10000000000100000000
+100000000001000000000
+1000000000010000000000
+10000000000100000000000
+100000000001000000000000
+1000000000010000000000000
+10000000000100000000000000
+1000000.000001
+10000000.00001
+100000000.0001
+1000000000.001
+10000000000.01
+100000000000.1
+1000000000001
+10000000000010
+100000000000100
+1000000000001000
+10000000000010000
+100000000000100000
+1000000000001000000
+10000000000010000000
+100000000000100000000
+1000000000001000000000
+10000000000010000000000
+100000000000100000000000
+1000000000001000000000000
+10000000000010000000000000
+1000000.0000001
+10000000.000001
+100000000.00001
+1000000000.0001
+10000000000.001
+100000000000.01
+1000000000000.1
+10000000000001
+100000000000010
+1000000000000100
+10000000000001000
+100000000000010000
+1000000000000100000
+10000000000001000000
+100000000000010000000
+1000000000000100000000
+10000000000001000000000
+100000000000010000000000
+1000000000000100000000000
+10000000000001000000000000
+1000000.00000001
+10000000.0000001
+100000000.000001
+1000000000.00001
+10000000000.0001
+100000000000.001
+1000000000000.01
+10000000000000.1
+100000000000001
+1000000000000010
+10000000000000100
+100000000000001000
+1000000000000010000
+10000000000000100000
+100000000000001000000
+1000000000000010000000
+10000000000000100000000
+100000000000001000000000
+1000000000000010000000000
+10000000000000100000000000
+1000000.000000001
+10000000.00000001
+100000000.0000001
+1000000000.000001
+10000000000.00001
+100000000000.0001
+1000000000000.001
+10000000000000.01
+100000000000000.1
+1000000000000001
+10000000000000010
+100000000000000100
+1000000000000001000
+10000000000000010000
+100000000000000100000
+1000000000000001000000
+10000000000000010000000
+100000000000000100000000
+1000000000000001000000000
+10000000000000010000000000
+1000000.0000000001
+10000000.000000001
+100000000.00000001
+1000000000.0000001
+10000000000.000001
+100000000000.00001
+1000000000000.0001
+10000000000000.001
+100000000000000.01
+1000000000000000.1
+10000000000000001
+100000000000000010
+1000000000000000100
+10000000000000001000
+100000000000000010000
+1000000000000000100000
+10000000000000001000000
+100000000000000010000000
+1000000000000000100000000
+10000000000000001000000000
+10000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+1000000000000
+10000000000000
+100000000000000
+1000000000000000
+10000000000000000
+100000000000000000
+1000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000
+1000000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000000
+1000000000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000000000
+10000000.1
+100000001
+1000000010
+10000000100
+100000001000
+1000000010000
+10000000100000
+100000001000000
+1000000010000000
+10000000100000000
+100000001000000000
+1000000010000000000
+10000000100000000000
+100000001000000000000
+1000000010000000000000
+10000000100000000000000
+100000001000000000000000
+1000000010000000000000000
+10000000100000000000000000
+100000001000000000000000000
+10000000.01
+100000000.1
+1000000001
+10000000010
+100000000100
+1000000001000
+10000000010000
+100000000100000
+1000000001000000
+10000000010000000
+100000000100000000
+1000000001000000000
+10000000010000000000
+100000000100000000000
+1000000001000000000000
+10000000010000000000000
+100000000100000000000000
+1000000001000000000000000
+10000000010000000000000000
+100000000100000000000000000
+10000000.001
+100000000.01
+1000000000.1
+10000000001
+100000000010
+1000000000100
+10000000001000
+100000000010000
+1000000000100000
+10000000001000000
+100000000010000000
+1000000000100000000
+10000000001000000000
+100000000010000000000
+1000000000100000000000
+10000000001000000000000
+100000000010000000000000
+1000000000100000000000000
+10000000001000000000000000
+100000000010000000000000000
+10000000.0001
+100000000.001
+1000000000.01
+10000000000.1
+100000000001
+1000000000010
+10000000000100
+100000000001000
+1000000000010000
+10000000000100000
+100000000001000000
+1000000000010000000
+10000000000100000000
+100000000001000000000
+1000000000010000000000
+10000000000100000000000
+100000000001000000000000
+1000000000010000000000000
+10000000000100000000000000
+100000000001000000000000000
+10000000.00001
+100000000.0001
+1000000000.001
+10000000000.01
+100000000000.1
+1000000000001
+10000000000010
+100000000000100
+1000000000001000
+10000000000010000
+100000000000100000
+1000000000001000000
+10000000000010000000
+100000000000100000000
+1000000000001000000000
+10000000000010000000000
+100000000000100000000000
+1000000000001000000000000
+10000000000010000000000000
+100000000000100000000000000
+10000000.000001
+100000000.00001
+1000000000.0001
+10000000000.001
+100000000000.01
+1000000000000.1
+10000000000001
+100000000000010
+1000000000000100
+10000000000001000
+100000000000010000
+1000000000000100000
+10000000000001000000
+100000000000010000000
+1000000000000100000000
+10000000000001000000000
+100000000000010000000000
+1000000000000100000000000
+10000000000001000000000000
+100000000000010000000000000
+10000000.0000001
+100000000.000001
+1000000000.00001
+10000000000.0001
+100000000000.001
+1000000000000.01
+10000000000000.1
+100000000000001
+1000000000000010
+10000000000000100
+100000000000001000
+1000000000000010000
+10000000000000100000
+100000000000001000000
+1000000000000010000000
+10000000000000100000000
+100000000000001000000000
+1000000000000010000000000
+10000000000000100000000000
+100000000000001000000000000
+10000000.00000001
+100000000.0000001
+1000000000.000001
+10000000000.00001
+100000000000.0001
+1000000000000.001
+10000000000000.01
+100000000000000.1
+1000000000000001
+10000000000000010
+100000000000000100
+1000000000000001000
+10000000000000010000
+100000000000000100000
+1000000000000001000000
+10000000000000010000000
+100000000000000100000000
+1000000000000001000000000
+10000000000000010000000000
+100000000000000100000000000
+10000000.000000001
+100000000.00000001
+1000000000.0000001
+10000000000.000001
+100000000000.00001
+1000000000000.0001
+10000000000000.001
+100000000000000.01
+1000000000000000.1
+10000000000000001
+100000000000000010
+1000000000000000100
+10000000000000001000
+100000000000000010000
+1000000000000000100000
+10000000000000001000000
+100000000000000010000000
+1000000000000000100000000
+10000000000000001000000000
+100000000000000010000000000
+10000000.0000000001
+100000000.000000001
+1000000000.00000001
+10000000000.0000001
+100000000000.000001
+1000000000000.00001
+10000000000000.0001
+100000000000000.001
+1000000000000000.01
+10000000000000000.1
+100000000000000001
+1000000000000000010
+10000000000000000100
+100000000000000001000
+1000000000000000010000
+10000000000000000100000
+100000000000000001000000
+1000000000000000010000000
+10000000000000000100000000
+100000000000000001000000000
+100000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+1000000000000
+10000000000000
+100000000000000
+1000000000000000
+10000000000000000
+100000000000000000
+1000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000
+1000000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000000
+1000000000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000000000
+1000000000000000000000000000
+100000000.1
+1000000001
+10000000010
+100000000100
+1000000001000
+10000000010000
+100000000100000
+1000000001000000
+10000000010000000
+100000000100000000
+1000000001000000000
+10000000010000000000
+100000000100000000000
+1000000001000000000000
+10000000010000000000000
+100000000100000000000000
+1000000001000000000000000
+10000000010000000000000000
+100000000100000000000000000
+1000000001000000000000000000
+100000000.01
+1000000000.1
+10000000001
+100000000010
+1000000000100
+10000000001000
+100000000010000
+1000000000100000
+10000000001000000
+100000000010000000
+1000000000100000000
+10000000001000000000
+100000000010000000000
+1000000000100000000000
+10000000001000000000000
+100000000010000000000000
+1000000000100000000000000
+10000000001000000000000000
+100000000010000000000000000
+1000000000100000000000000000
+100000000.001
+1000000000.01
+10000000000.1
+100000000001
+1000000000010
+10000000000100
+100000000001000
+1000000000010000
+10000000000100000
+100000000001000000
+1000000000010000000
+10000000000100000000
+100000000001000000000
+1000000000010000000000
+10000000000100000000000
+100000000001000000000000
+1000000000010000000000000
+10000000000100000000000000
+100000000001000000000000000
+1000000000010000000000000000
+100000000.0001
+1000000000.001
+10000000000.01
+100000000000.1
+1000000000001
+10000000000010
+100000000000100
+1000000000001000
+10000000000010000
+100000000000100000
+1000000000001000000
+10000000000010000000
+100000000000100000000
+1000000000001000000000
+10000000000010000000000
+100000000000100000000000
+1000000000001000000000000
+10000000000010000000000000
+100000000000100000000000000
+1000000000001000000000000000
+100000000.00001
+1000000000.0001
+10000000000.001
+100000000000.01
+1000000000000.1
+10000000000001
+100000000000010
+1000000000000100
+10000000000001000
+100000000000010000
+1000000000000100000
+10000000000001000000
+100000000000010000000
+1000000000000100000000
+10000000000001000000000
+100000000000010000000000
+1000000000000100000000000
+10000000000001000000000000
+100000000000010000000000000
+1000000000000100000000000000
+100000000.000001
+1000000000.00001
+10000000000.0001
+100000000000.001
+1000000000000.01
+10000000000000.1
+100000000000001
+1000000000000010
+10000000000000100
+100000000000001000
+1000000000000010000
+10000000000000100000
+100000000000001000000
+1000000000000010000000
+10000000000000100000000
+100000000000001000000000
+1000000000000010000000000
+10000000000000100000000000
+100000000000001000000000000
+1000000000000010000000000000
+100000000.0000001
+1000000000.000001
+10000000000.00001
+100000000000.0001
+1000000000000.001
+10000000000000.01
+100000000000000.1
+1000000000000001
+10000000000000010
+100000000000000100
+1000000000000001000
+10000000000000010000
+100000000000000100000
+1000000000000001000000
+10000000000000010000000
+100000000000000100000000
+1000000000000001000000000
+10000000000000010000000000
+100000000000000100000000000
+1000000000000001000000000000
+100000000.00000001
+1000000000.0000001
+10000000000.000001
+100000000000.00001
+1000000000000.0001
+10000000000000.001
+100000000000000.01
+1000000000000000.1
+10000000000000001
+100000000000000010
+1000000000000000100
+10000000000000001000
+100000000000000010000
+1000000000000000100000
+10000000000000001000000
+100000000000000010000000
+1000000000000000100000000
+10000000000000001000000000
+100000000000000010000000000
+1000000000000000100000000000
+100000000.000000001
+1000000000.00000001
+10000000000.0000001
+100000000000.000001
+1000000000000.00001
+10000000000000.0001
+100000000000000.001
+1000000000000000.01
+10000000000000000.1
+100000000000000001
+1000000000000000010
+10000000000000000100
+100000000000000001000
+1000000000000000010000
+10000000000000000100000
+100000000000000001000000
+1000000000000000010000000
+10000000000000000100000000
+100000000000000001000000000
+1000000000000000010000000000
+100000000.0000000001
+1000000000.000000001
+10000000000.00000001
+100000000000.0000001
+1000000000000.000001
+10000000000000.00001
+100000000000000.0001
+1000000000000000.001
+10000000000000000.01
+100000000000000000.1
+1000000000000000001
+10000000000000000010
+100000000000000000100
+1000000000000000001000
+10000000000000000010000
+100000000000000000100000
+1000000000000000001000000
+10000000000000000010000000
+100000000000000000100000000
+1000000000000000001000000000
+1000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+1000000000000
+10000000000000
+100000000000000
+1000000000000000
+10000000000000000
+100000000000000000
+1000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000
+1000000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000000
+1000000000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000000000
+1000000000000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000000000000
+1000000000.1
+10000000001
+100000000010
+1000000000100
+10000000001000
+100000000010000
+1000000000100000
+10000000001000000
+100000000010000000
+1000000000100000000
+10000000001000000000
+100000000010000000000
+1000000000100000000000
+10000000001000000000000
+100000000010000000000000
+1000000000100000000000000
+10000000001000000000000000
+100000000010000000000000000
+1000000000100000000000000000
+10000000001000000000000000000
+1000000000.01
+10000000000.1
+100000000001
+1000000000010
+10000000000100
+100000000001000
+1000000000010000
+10000000000100000
+100000000001000000
+1000000000010000000
+10000000000100000000
+100000000001000000000
+1000000000010000000000
+10000000000100000000000
+100000000001000000000000
+1000000000010000000000000
+10000000000100000000000000
+100000000001000000000000000
+1000000000010000000000000000
+10000000000100000000000000000
+1000000000.001
+10000000000.01
+100000000000.1
+1000000000001
+10000000000010
+100000000000100
+1000000000001000
+10000000000010000
+100000000000100000
+1000000000001000000
+10000000000010000000
+100000000000100000000
+1000000000001000000000
+10000000000010000000000
+100000000000100000000000
+1000000000001000000000000
+10000000000010000000000000
+100000000000100000000000000
+1000000000001000000000000000
+10000000000010000000000000000
+1000000000.0001
+10000000000.001
+100000000000.01
+1000000000000.1
+10000000000001
+100000000000010
+1000000000000100
+10000000000001000
+100000000000010000
+1000000000000100000
+10000000000001000000
+100000000000010000000
+1000000000000100000000
+10000000000001000000000
+100000000000010000000000
+1000000000000100000000000
+10000000000001000000000000
+100000000000010000000000000
+1000000000000100000000000000
+10000000000001000000000000000
+1000000000.00001
+10000000000.0001
+100000000000.001
+1000000000000.01
+10000000000000.1
+100000000000001
+1000000000000010
+10000000000000100
+100000000000001000
+1000000000000010000
+10000000000000100000
+100000000000001000000
+1000000000000010000000
+10000000000000100000000
+100000000000001000000000
+1000000000000010000000000
+10000000000000100000000000
+100000000000001000000000000
+1000000000000010000000000000
+10000000000000100000000000000
+1000000000.000001
+10000000000.00001
+100000000000.0001
+1000000000000.001
+10000000000000.01
+100000000000000.1
+1000000000000001
+10000000000000010
+100000000000000100
+1000000000000001000
+10000000000000010000
+100000000000000100000
+1000000000000001000000
+10000000000000010000000
+100000000000000100000000
+1000000000000001000000000
+10000000000000010000000000
+100000000000000100000000000
+1000000000000001000000000000
+10000000000000010000000000000
+1000000000.0000001
+10000000000.000001
+100000000000.00001
+1000000000000.0001
+10000000000000.001
+100000000000000.01
+1000000000000000.1
+10000000000000001
+100000000000000010
+1000000000000000100
+10000000000000001000
+100000000000000010000
+1000000000000000100000
+10000000000000001000000
+100000000000000010000000
+1000000000000000100000000
+10000000000000001000000000
+100000000000000010000000000
+1000000000000000100000000000
+10000000000000001000000000000
+1000000000.00000001
+10000000000.0000001
+100000000000.000001
+1000000000000.00001
+10000000000000.0001
+100000000000000.001
+1000000000000000.01
+10000000000000000.1
+100000000000000001
+1000000000000000010
+10000000000000000100
+100000000000000001000
+1000000000000000010000
+10000000000000000100000
+100000000000000001000000
+1000000000000000010000000
+10000000000000000100000000
+100000000000000001000000000
+1000000000000000010000000000
+10000000000000000100000000000
+1000000000.000000001
+10000000000.00000001
+100000000000.0000001
+1000000000000.000001
+10000000000000.00001
+100000000000000.0001
+1000000000000000.001
+10000000000000000.01
+100000000000000000.1
+1000000000000000001
+10000000000000000010
+100000000000000000100
+1000000000000000001000
+10000000000000000010000
+100000000000000000100000
+1000000000000000001000000
+10000000000000000010000000
+100000000000000000100000000
+1000000000000000001000000000
+10000000000000000010000000000
+1000000000.0000000001
+10000000000.000000001
+100000000000.00000001
+1000000000000.0000001
+10000000000000.000001
+100000000000000.00001
+1000000000000000.0001
+10000000000000000.001
+100000000000000000.01
+1000000000000000000.1
+10000000000000000001
+100000000000000000010
+1000000000000000000100
+10000000000000000001000
+100000000000000000010000
+1000000000000000000100000
+10000000000000000001000000
+100000000000000000010000000
+1000000000000000000100000000
+10000000000000000001000000000
+10000000000
+100000000000
+1000000000000
+10000000000000
+100000000000000
+1000000000000000
+10000000000000000
+100000000000000000
+1000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000
+1000000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000000
+1000000000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000000000
+1000000000000000000000000000
+10000000000000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000000000000
+10000000000.1
+100000000001
+1000000000010
+10000000000100
+100000000001000
+1000000000010000
+10000000000100000
+100000000001000000
+1000000000010000000
+10000000000100000000
+100000000001000000000
+1000000000010000000000
+10000000000100000000000
+100000000001000000000000
+1000000000010000000000000
+10000000000100000000000000
+100000000001000000000000000
+1000000000010000000000000000
+10000000000100000000000000000
+100000000001000000000000000000
+10000000000.01
+100000000000.1
+1000000000001
+10000000000010
+100000000000100
+1000000000001000
+10000000000010000
+100000000000100000
+1000000000001000000
+10000000000010000000
+100000000000100000000
+1000000000001000000000
+10000000000010000000000
+100000000000100000000000
+1000000000001000000000000
+10000000000010000000000000
+100000000000100000000000000
+1000000000001000000000000000
+10000000000010000000000000000
+100000000000100000000000000000
+10000000000.001
+100000000000.01
+1000000000000.1
+10000000000001
+100000000000010
+1000000000000100
+10000000000001000
+100000000000010000
+1000000000000100000
+10000000000001000000
+100000000000010000000
+1000000000000100000000
+10000000000001000000000
+100000000000010000000000
+1000000000000100000000000
+10000000000001000000000000
+100000000000010000000000000
+1000000000000100000000000000
+10000000000001000000000000000
+100000000000010000000000000000
+10000000000.0001
+100000000000.001
+1000000000000.01
+10000000000000.1
+100000000000001
+1000000000000010
+10000000000000100
+100000000000001000
+1000000000000010000
+10000000000000100000
+100000000000001000000
+1000000000000010000000
+10000000000000100000000
+100000000000001000000000
+1000000000000010000000000
+10000000000000100000000000
+100000000000001000000000000
+1000000000000010000000000000
+10000000000000100000000000000
+100000000000001000000000000000
+10000000000.00001
+100000000000.0001
+1000000000000.001
+10000000000000.01
+100000000000000.1
+1000000000000001
+10000000000000010
+100000000000000100
+1000000000000001000
+10000000000000010000
+100000000000000100000
+1000000000000001000000
+10000000000000010000000
+100000000000000100000000
+1000000000000001000000000
+10000000000000010000000000
+100000000000000100000000000
+1000000000000001000000000000
+10000000000000010000000000000
+100000000000000100000000000000
+10000000000.000001
+100000000000.00001
+1000000000000.0001
+10000000000000.001
+100000000000000.01
+1000000000000000.1
+10000000000000001
+100000000000000010
+1000000000000000100
+10000000000000001000
+100000000000000010000
+1000000000000000100000
+10000000000000001000000
+100000000000000010000000
+1000000000000000100000000
+10000000000000001000000000
+100000000000000010000000000
+1000000000000000100000000000
+10000000000000001000000000000
+100000000000000010000000000000
+10000000000.0000001
+100000000000.000001
+1000000000000.00001
+10000000000000.0001
+100000000000000.001
+1000000000000000.01
+10000000000000000.1
+100000000000000001
+1000000000000000010
+10000000000000000100
+100000000000000001000
+1000000000000000010000
+10000000000000000100000
+100000000000000001000000
+1000000000000000010000000
+10000000000000000100000000
+100000000000000001000000000
+1000000000000000010000000000
+10000000000000000100000000000
+100000000000000001000000000000
+10000000000.00000001
+100000000000.0000001
+1000000000000.000001
+10000000000000.00001
+100000000000000.0001
+1000000000000000.001
+10000000000000000.01
+100000000000000000.1
+1000000000000000001
+10000000000000000010
+100000000000000000100
+1000000000000000001000
+10000000000000000010000
+100000000000000000100000
+1000000000000000001000000
+10000000000000000010000000
+100000000000000000100000000
+1000000000000000001000000000
+10000000000000000010000000000
+100000000000000000100000000000
+10000000000.000000001
+100000000000.00000001
+1000000000000.0000001
+10000000000000.000001
+100000000000000.00001
+1000000000000000.0001
+10000000000000000.001
+100000000000000000.01
+1000000000000000000.1
+10000000000000000001
+100000000000000000010
+1000000000000000000100
+10000000000000000001000
+100000000000000000010000
+1000000000000000000100000
+10000000000000000001000000
+100000000000000000010000000
+1000000000000000000100000000
+10000000000000000001000000000
+100000000000000000010000000000
+10000000000.0000000001
+100000000000.000000001
+1000000000000.00000001
+10000000000000.0000001
+100000000000000.000001
+1000000000000000.00001
+10000000000000000.0001
+100000000000000000.001
+1000000000000000000.01
+10000000000000000000.1
+100000000000000000001
+1000000000000000000010
+10000000000000000000100
+100000000000000000001000
+1000000000000000000010000
+10000000000000000000100000
+100000000000000000001000000
+1000000000000000000010000000
+10000000000000000000100000000
+100000000000000000001000000000
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+.1
+.01
+.001
+.0001
+.00001
+.000001
+.0000001
+.00000001
+.000000001
+.0000000001
+.00000000001
+.000000000001
+.0000000000001
+.00000000000001
+.000000000000001
+.0000000000000001
+.00000000000000001
+.000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000001
+.01
+.001
+.0001
+.00001
+.000001
+.0000001
+.00000001
+.000000001
+.0000000001
+.00000000001
+.000000000001
+.0000000000001
+.00000000000001
+.000000000000001
+.0000000000000001
+.00000000000000001
+.000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000001
+.000000000000000000001
+.001
+.0001
+.00001
+.000001
+.0000001
+.00000001
+.000000001
+.0000000001
+.00000000001
+.000000000001
+.0000000000001
+.00000000000001
+.000000000000001
+.0000000000000001
+.00000000000000001
+.000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000001
+.000000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000000001
+.0001
+.00001
+.000001
+.0000001
+.00000001
+.000000001
+.0000000001
+.00000000001
+.000000000001
+.0000000000001
+.00000000000001
+.000000000000001
+.0000000000000001
+.00000000000000001
+.000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000001
+.000000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000000001
+.00001
+.000001
+.0000001
+.00000001
+.000000001
+.0000000001
+.00000000001
+.000000000001
+.0000000000001
+.00000000000001
+.000000000000001
+.0000000000000001
+.00000000000000001
+.000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000001
+.000000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000000001
+.000000000000000000000001
+.000001
+.0000001
+.00000001
+.000000001
+.0000000001
+.00000000001
+.000000000001
+.0000000000001
+.00000000000001
+.000000000000001
+.0000000000000001
+.00000000000000001
+.000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000001
+.000000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000000001
+.000000000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000000000001
+.0000001
+.00000001
+.000000001
+.0000000001
+.00000000001
+.000000000001
+.0000000000001
+.00000000000001
+.000000000000001
+.0000000000000001
+.00000000000000001
+.000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000001
+.000000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000000001
+.000000000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000000000001
+.00000001
+.000000001
+.0000000001
+.00000000001
+.000000000001
+.0000000000001
+.00000000000001
+.000000000000001
+.0000000000000001
+.00000000000000001
+.000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000001
+.000000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000000001
+.000000000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000000000001
+.000000000000000000000000001
+.000000001
+.0000000001
+.00000000001
+.000000000001
+.0000000000001
+.00000000000001
+.000000000000001
+.0000000000000001
+.00000000000000001
+.000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000001
+.000000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000000001
+.000000000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000000000001
+.000000000000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000000000000001
+.0000000001
+.00000000001
+.000000000001
+.0000000000001
+.00000000000001
+.000000000000001
+.0000000000000001
+.00000000000000001
+.000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000001
+.000000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000000001
+.000000000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000000000001
+.000000000000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000000000000001
+.00000000000000000000000000001
+1
+.1
+.01
+.001
+.0001
+.00001
+.000001
+.0000001
+.00000001
+.000000001
+.0000000001
+.00000000001
+.000000000001
+.0000000000001
+.00000000000001
+.000000000000001
+.0000000000000001
+.00000000000000001
+.000000000000000001
+.0000000000000000001
+1.1
+.11
+.011
+.0011
+.00011
+.000011
+.0000011
+.00000011
+.000000011
+.0000000011
+.00000000011
+.000000000011
+.0000000000011
+.00000000000011
+.000000000000011
+.0000000000000011
+.00000000000000011
+.000000000000000011
+.0000000000000000011
+.00000000000000000011
+1.01
+.101
+.0101
+.00101
+.000101
+.0000101
+.00000101
+.000000101
+.0000000101
+.00000000101
+.000000000101
+.0000000000101
+.00000000000101
+.000000000000101
+.0000000000000101
+.00000000000000101
+.000000000000000101
+.0000000000000000101
+.00000000000000000101
+.000000000000000000101
+1.001
+.1001
+.01001
+.001001
+.0001001
+.00001001
+.000001001
+.0000001001
+.00000001001
+.000000001001
+.0000000001001
+.00000000001001
+.000000000001001
+.0000000000001001
+.00000000000001001
+.000000000000001001
+.0000000000000001001
+.00000000000000001001
+.000000000000000001001
+.0000000000000000001001
+1.0001
+.10001
+.010001
+.0010001
+.00010001
+.000010001
+.0000010001
+.00000010001
+.000000010001
+.0000000010001
+.00000000010001
+.000000000010001
+.0000000000010001
+.00000000000010001
+.000000000000010001
+.0000000000000010001
+.00000000000000010001
+.000000000000000010001
+.0000000000000000010001
+.00000000000000000010001
+1.00001
+.100001
+.0100001
+.00100001
+.000100001
+.0000100001
+.00000100001
+.000000100001
+.0000000100001
+.00000000100001
+.000000000100001
+.0000000000100001
+.00000000000100001
+.000000000000100001
+.0000000000000100001
+.00000000000000100001
+.000000000000000100001
+.0000000000000000100001
+.00000000000000000100001
+.000000000000000000100001
+1.000001
+.1000001
+.01000001
+.001000001
+.0001000001
+.00001000001
+.000001000001
+.0000001000001
+.00000001000001
+.000000001000001
+.0000000001000001
+.00000000001000001
+.000000000001000001
+.0000000000001000001
+.00000000000001000001
+.000000000000001000001
+.0000000000000001000001
+.00000000000000001000001
+.000000000000000001000001
+.0000000000000000001000001
+1.0000001
+.10000001
+.010000001
+.0010000001
+.00010000001
+.000010000001
+.0000010000001
+.00000010000001
+.000000010000001
+.0000000010000001
+.00000000010000001
+.000000000010000001
+.0000000000010000001
+.00000000000010000001
+.000000000000010000001
+.0000000000000010000001
+.00000000000000010000001
+.000000000000000010000001
+.0000000000000000010000001
+.00000000000000000010000001
+1.00000001
+.100000001
+.0100000001
+.00100000001
+.000100000001
+.0000100000001
+.00000100000001
+.000000100000001
+.0000000100000001
+.00000000100000001
+.000000000100000001
+.0000000000100000001
+.00000000000100000001
+.000000000000100000001
+.0000000000000100000001
+.00000000000000100000001
+.000000000000000100000001
+.0000000000000000100000001
+.00000000000000000100000001
+.000000000000000000100000001
+1.000000001
+.1000000001
+.01000000001
+.001000000001
+.0001000000001
+.00001000000001
+.000001000000001
+.0000001000000001
+.00000001000000001
+.000000001000000001
+.0000000001000000001
+.00000000001000000001
+.000000000001000000001
+.0000000000001000000001
+.00000000000001000000001
+.000000000000001000000001
+.0000000000000001000000001
+.00000000000000001000000001
+.000000000000000001000000001
+.0000000000000000001000000001
+1.0000000001
+.10000000001
+.010000000001
+.0010000000001
+.00010000000001
+.000010000000001
+.0000010000000001
+.00000010000000001
+.000000010000000001
+.0000000010000000001
+.00000000010000000001
+.000000000010000000001
+.0000000000010000000001
+.00000000000010000000001
+.000000000000010000000001
+.0000000000000010000000001
+.00000000000000010000000001
+.000000000000000010000000001
+.0000000000000000010000000001
+.00000000000000000010000000001
+10
+1.0
+.10
+.010
+.0010
+.00010
+.000010
+.0000010
+.00000010
+.000000010
+.0000000010
+.00000000010
+.000000000010
+.0000000000010
+.00000000000010
+.000000000000010
+.0000000000000010
+.00000000000000010
+.000000000000000010
+.0000000000000000010
+10.1
+1.01
+.101
+.0101
+.00101
+.000101
+.0000101
+.00000101
+.000000101
+.0000000101
+.00000000101
+.000000000101
+.0000000000101
+.00000000000101
+.000000000000101
+.0000000000000101
+.00000000000000101
+.000000000000000101
+.0000000000000000101
+.00000000000000000101
+10.01
+1.001
+.1001
+.01001
+.001001
+.0001001
+.00001001
+.000001001
+.0000001001
+.00000001001
+.000000001001
+.0000000001001
+.00000000001001
+.000000000001001
+.0000000000001001
+.00000000000001001
+.000000000000001001
+.0000000000000001001
+.00000000000000001001
+.000000000000000001001
+10.001
+1.0001
+.10001
+.010001
+.0010001
+.00010001
+.000010001
+.0000010001
+.00000010001
+.000000010001
+.0000000010001
+.00000000010001
+.000000000010001
+.0000000000010001
+.00000000000010001
+.000000000000010001
+.0000000000000010001
+.00000000000000010001
+.000000000000000010001
+.0000000000000000010001
+10.0001
+1.00001
+.100001
+.0100001
+.00100001
+.000100001
+.0000100001
+.00000100001
+.000000100001
+.0000000100001
+.00000000100001
+.000000000100001
+.0000000000100001
+.00000000000100001
+.000000000000100001
+.0000000000000100001
+.00000000000000100001
+.000000000000000100001
+.0000000000000000100001
+.00000000000000000100001
+10.00001
+1.000001
+.1000001
+.01000001
+.001000001
+.0001000001
+.00001000001
+.000001000001
+.0000001000001
+.00000001000001
+.000000001000001
+.0000000001000001
+.00000000001000001
+.000000000001000001
+.0000000000001000001
+.00000000000001000001
+.000000000000001000001
+.0000000000000001000001
+.00000000000000001000001
+.000000000000000001000001
+10.000001
+1.0000001
+.10000001
+.010000001
+.0010000001
+.00010000001
+.000010000001
+.0000010000001
+.00000010000001
+.000000010000001
+.0000000010000001
+.00000000010000001
+.000000000010000001
+.0000000000010000001
+.00000000000010000001
+.000000000000010000001
+.0000000000000010000001
+.00000000000000010000001
+.000000000000000010000001
+.0000000000000000010000001
+10.0000001
+1.00000001
+.100000001
+.0100000001
+.00100000001
+.000100000001
+.0000100000001
+.00000100000001
+.000000100000001
+.0000000100000001
+.00000000100000001
+.000000000100000001
+.0000000000100000001
+.00000000000100000001
+.000000000000100000001
+.0000000000000100000001
+.00000000000000100000001
+.000000000000000100000001
+.0000000000000000100000001
+.00000000000000000100000001
+10.00000001
+1.000000001
+.1000000001
+.01000000001
+.001000000001
+.0001000000001
+.00001000000001
+.000001000000001
+.0000001000000001
+.00000001000000001
+.000000001000000001
+.0000000001000000001
+.00000000001000000001
+.000000000001000000001
+.0000000000001000000001
+.00000000000001000000001
+.000000000000001000000001
+.0000000000000001000000001
+.00000000000000001000000001
+.000000000000000001000000001
+10.000000001
+1.0000000001
+.10000000001
+.010000000001
+.0010000000001
+.00010000000001
+.000010000000001
+.0000010000000001
+.00000010000000001
+.000000010000000001
+.0000000010000000001
+.00000000010000000001
+.000000000010000000001
+.0000000000010000000001
+.00000000000010000000001
+.000000000000010000000001
+.0000000000000010000000001
+.00000000000000010000000001
+.000000000000000010000000001
+.0000000000000000010000000001
+10.0000000001
+1.00000000001
+.100000000001
+.0100000000001
+.00100000000001
+.000100000000001
+.0000100000000001
+.00000100000000001
+.000000100000000001
+.0000000100000000001
+.00000000100000000001
+.000000000100000000001
+.0000000000100000000001
+.00000000000100000000001
+.000000000000100000000001
+.0000000000000100000000001
+.00000000000000100000000001
+.000000000000000100000000001
+.0000000000000000100000000001
+.00000000000000000100000000001
+100
+10.0
+1.00
+.100
+.0100
+.00100
+.000100
+.0000100
+.00000100
+.000000100
+.0000000100
+.00000000100
+.000000000100
+.0000000000100
+.00000000000100
+.000000000000100
+.0000000000000100
+.00000000000000100
+.000000000000000100
+.0000000000000000100
+100.1
+10.01
+1.001
+.1001
+.01001
+.001001
+.0001001
+.00001001
+.000001001
+.0000001001
+.00000001001
+.000000001001
+.0000000001001
+.00000000001001
+.000000000001001
+.0000000000001001
+.00000000000001001
+.000000000000001001
+.0000000000000001001
+.00000000000000001001
+100.01
+10.001
+1.0001
+.10001
+.010001
+.0010001
+.00010001
+.000010001
+.0000010001
+.00000010001
+.000000010001
+.0000000010001
+.00000000010001
+.000000000010001
+.0000000000010001
+.00000000000010001
+.000000000000010001
+.0000000000000010001
+.00000000000000010001
+.000000000000000010001
+100.001
+10.0001
+1.00001
+.100001
+.0100001
+.00100001
+.000100001
+.0000100001
+.00000100001
+.000000100001
+.0000000100001
+.00000000100001
+.000000000100001
+.0000000000100001
+.00000000000100001
+.000000000000100001
+.0000000000000100001
+.00000000000000100001
+.000000000000000100001
+.0000000000000000100001
+100.0001
+10.00001
+1.000001
+.1000001
+.01000001
+.001000001
+.0001000001
+.00001000001
+.000001000001
+.0000001000001
+.00000001000001
+.000000001000001
+.0000000001000001
+.00000000001000001
+.000000000001000001
+.0000000000001000001
+.00000000000001000001
+.000000000000001000001
+.0000000000000001000001
+.00000000000000001000001
+100.00001
+10.000001
+1.0000001
+.10000001
+.010000001
+.0010000001
+.00010000001
+.000010000001
+.0000010000001
+.00000010000001
+.000000010000001
+.0000000010000001
+.00000000010000001
+.000000000010000001
+.0000000000010000001
+.00000000000010000001
+.000000000000010000001
+.0000000000000010000001
+.00000000000000010000001
+.000000000000000010000001
+100.000001
+10.0000001
+1.00000001
+.100000001
+.0100000001
+.00100000001
+.000100000001
+.0000100000001
+.00000100000001
+.000000100000001
+.0000000100000001
+.00000000100000001
+.000000000100000001
+.0000000000100000001
+.00000000000100000001
+.000000000000100000001
+.0000000000000100000001
+.00000000000000100000001
+.000000000000000100000001
+.0000000000000000100000001
+100.0000001
+10.00000001
+1.000000001
+.1000000001
+.01000000001
+.001000000001
+.0001000000001
+.00001000000001
+.000001000000001
+.0000001000000001
+.00000001000000001
+.000000001000000001
+.0000000001000000001
+.00000000001000000001
+.000000000001000000001
+.0000000000001000000001
+.00000000000001000000001
+.000000000000001000000001
+.0000000000000001000000001
+.00000000000000001000000001
+100.00000001
+10.000000001
+1.0000000001
+.10000000001
+.010000000001
+.0010000000001
+.00010000000001
+.000010000000001
+.0000010000000001
+.00000010000000001
+.000000010000000001
+.0000000010000000001
+.00000000010000000001
+.000000000010000000001
+.0000000000010000000001
+.00000000000010000000001
+.000000000000010000000001
+.0000000000000010000000001
+.00000000000000010000000001
+.000000000000000010000000001
+100.000000001
+10.0000000001
+1.00000000001
+.100000000001
+.0100000000001
+.00100000000001
+.000100000000001
+.0000100000000001
+.00000100000000001
+.000000100000000001
+.0000000100000000001
+.00000000100000000001
+.000000000100000000001
+.0000000000100000000001
+.00000000000100000000001
+.000000000000100000000001
+.0000000000000100000000001
+.00000000000000100000000001
+.000000000000000100000000001
+.0000000000000000100000000001
+100.0000000001
+10.00000000001
+1.000000000001
+.1000000000001
+.01000000000001
+.001000000000001
+.0001000000000001
+.00001000000000001
+.000001000000000001
+.0000001000000000001
+.00000001000000000001
+.000000001000000000001
+.0000000001000000000001
+.00000000001000000000001
+.000000000001000000000001
+.0000000000001000000000001
+.00000000000001000000000001
+.000000000000001000000000001
+.0000000000000001000000000001
+.00000000000000001000000000001
+1000
+100.0
+10.00
+1.000
+.1000
+.01000
+.001000
+.0001000
+.00001000
+.000001000
+.0000001000
+.00000001000
+.000000001000
+.0000000001000
+.00000000001000
+.000000000001000
+.0000000000001000
+.00000000000001000
+.000000000000001000
+.0000000000000001000
+1000.1
+100.01
+10.001
+1.0001
+.10001
+.010001
+.0010001
+.00010001
+.000010001
+.0000010001
+.00000010001
+.000000010001
+.0000000010001
+.00000000010001
+.000000000010001
+.0000000000010001
+.00000000000010001
+.000000000000010001
+.0000000000000010001
+.00000000000000010001
+1000.01
+100.001
+10.0001
+1.00001
+.100001
+.0100001
+.00100001
+.000100001
+.0000100001
+.00000100001
+.000000100001
+.0000000100001
+.00000000100001
+.000000000100001
+.0000000000100001
+.00000000000100001
+.000000000000100001
+.0000000000000100001
+.00000000000000100001
+.000000000000000100001
+1000.001
+100.0001
+10.00001
+1.000001
+.1000001
+.01000001
+.001000001
+.0001000001
+.00001000001
+.000001000001
+.0000001000001
+.00000001000001
+.000000001000001
+.0000000001000001
+.00000000001000001
+.000000000001000001
+.0000000000001000001
+.00000000000001000001
+.000000000000001000001
+.0000000000000001000001
+1000.0001
+100.00001
+10.000001
+1.0000001
+.10000001
+.010000001
+.0010000001
+.00010000001
+.000010000001
+.0000010000001
+.00000010000001
+.000000010000001
+.0000000010000001
+.00000000010000001
+.000000000010000001
+.0000000000010000001
+.00000000000010000001
+.000000000000010000001
+.0000000000000010000001
+.00000000000000010000001
+1000.00001
+100.000001
+10.0000001
+1.00000001
+.100000001
+.0100000001
+.00100000001
+.000100000001
+.0000100000001
+.00000100000001
+.000000100000001
+.0000000100000001
+.00000000100000001
+.000000000100000001
+.0000000000100000001
+.00000000000100000001
+.000000000000100000001
+.0000000000000100000001
+.00000000000000100000001
+.000000000000000100000001
+1000.000001
+100.0000001
+10.00000001
+1.000000001
+.1000000001
+.01000000001
+.001000000001
+.0001000000001
+.00001000000001
+.000001000000001
+.0000001000000001
+.00000001000000001
+.000000001000000001
+.0000000001000000001
+.00000000001000000001
+.000000000001000000001
+.0000000000001000000001
+.00000000000001000000001
+.000000000000001000000001
+.0000000000000001000000001
+1000.0000001
+100.00000001
+10.000000001
+1.0000000001
+.10000000001
+.010000000001
+.0010000000001
+.00010000000001
+.000010000000001
+.0000010000000001
+.00000010000000001
+.000000010000000001
+.0000000010000000001
+.00000000010000000001
+.000000000010000000001
+.0000000000010000000001
+.00000000000010000000001
+.000000000000010000000001
+.0000000000000010000000001
+.00000000000000010000000001
+1000.00000001
+100.000000001
+10.0000000001
+1.00000000001
+.100000000001
+.0100000000001
+.00100000000001
+.000100000000001
+.0000100000000001
+.00000100000000001
+.000000100000000001
+.0000000100000000001
+.00000000100000000001
+.000000000100000000001
+.0000000000100000000001
+.00000000000100000000001
+.000000000000100000000001
+.0000000000000100000000001
+.00000000000000100000000001
+.000000000000000100000000001
+1000.000000001
+100.0000000001
+10.00000000001
+1.000000000001
+.1000000000001
+.01000000000001
+.001000000000001
+.0001000000000001
+.00001000000000001
+.000001000000000001
+.0000001000000000001
+.00000001000000000001
+.000000001000000000001
+.0000000001000000000001
+.00000000001000000000001
+.000000000001000000000001
+.0000000000001000000000001
+.00000000000001000000000001
+.000000000000001000000000001
+.0000000000000001000000000001
+1000.0000000001
+100.00000000001
+10.000000000001
+1.0000000000001
+.10000000000001
+.010000000000001
+.0010000000000001
+.00010000000000001
+.000010000000000001
+.0000010000000000001
+.00000010000000000001
+.000000010000000000001
+.0000000010000000000001
+.00000000010000000000001
+.000000000010000000000001
+.0000000000010000000000001
+.00000000000010000000000001
+.000000000000010000000000001
+.0000000000000010000000000001
+.00000000000000010000000000001
+10000
+1000.0
+100.00
+10.000
+1.0000
+.10000
+.010000
+.0010000
+.00010000
+.000010000
+.0000010000
+.00000010000
+.000000010000
+.0000000010000
+.00000000010000
+.000000000010000
+.0000000000010000
+.00000000000010000
+.000000000000010000
+.0000000000000010000
+10000.1
+1000.01
+100.001
+10.0001
+1.00001
+.100001
+.0100001
+.00100001
+.000100001
+.0000100001
+.00000100001
+.000000100001
+.0000000100001
+.00000000100001
+.000000000100001
+.0000000000100001
+.00000000000100001
+.000000000000100001
+.0000000000000100001
+.00000000000000100001
+10000.01
+1000.001
+100.0001
+10.00001
+1.000001
+.1000001
+.01000001
+.001000001
+.0001000001
+.00001000001
+.000001000001
+.0000001000001
+.00000001000001
+.000000001000001
+.0000000001000001
+.00000000001000001
+.000000000001000001
+.0000000000001000001
+.00000000000001000001
+.000000000000001000001
+10000.001
+1000.0001
+100.00001
+10.000001
+1.0000001
+.10000001
+.010000001
+.0010000001
+.00010000001
+.000010000001
+.0000010000001
+.00000010000001
+.000000010000001
+.0000000010000001
+.00000000010000001
+.000000000010000001
+.0000000000010000001
+.00000000000010000001
+.000000000000010000001
+.0000000000000010000001
+10000.0001
+1000.00001
+100.000001
+10.0000001
+1.00000001
+.100000001
+.0100000001
+.00100000001
+.000100000001
+.0000100000001
+.00000100000001
+.000000100000001
+.0000000100000001
+.00000000100000001
+.000000000100000001
+.0000000000100000001
+.00000000000100000001
+.000000000000100000001
+.0000000000000100000001
+.00000000000000100000001
+10000.00001
+1000.000001
+100.0000001
+10.00000001
+1.000000001
+.1000000001
+.01000000001
+.001000000001
+.0001000000001
+.00001000000001
+.000001000000001
+.0000001000000001
+.00000001000000001
+.000000001000000001
+.0000000001000000001
+.00000000001000000001
+.000000000001000000001
+.0000000000001000000001
+.00000000000001000000001
+.000000000000001000000001
+10000.000001
+1000.0000001
+100.00000001
+10.000000001
+1.0000000001
+.10000000001
+.010000000001
+.0010000000001
+.00010000000001
+.000010000000001
+.0000010000000001
+.00000010000000001
+.000000010000000001
+.0000000010000000001
+.00000000010000000001
+.000000000010000000001
+.0000000000010000000001
+.00000000000010000000001
+.000000000000010000000001
+.0000000000000010000000001
+10000.0000001
+1000.00000001
+100.000000001
+10.0000000001
+1.00000000001
+.100000000001
+.0100000000001
+.00100000000001
+.000100000000001
+.0000100000000001
+.00000100000000001
+.000000100000000001
+.0000000100000000001
+.00000000100000000001
+.000000000100000000001
+.0000000000100000000001
+.00000000000100000000001
+.000000000000100000000001
+.0000000000000100000000001
+.00000000000000100000000001
+10000.00000001
+1000.000000001
+100.0000000001
+10.00000000001
+1.000000000001
+.1000000000001
+.01000000000001
+.001000000000001
+.0001000000000001
+.00001000000000001
+.000001000000000001
+.0000001000000000001
+.00000001000000000001
+.000000001000000000001
+.0000000001000000000001
+.00000000001000000000001
+.000000000001000000000001
+.0000000000001000000000001
+.00000000000001000000000001
+.000000000000001000000000001
+10000.000000001
+1000.0000000001
+100.00000000001
+10.000000000001
+1.0000000000001
+.10000000000001
+.010000000000001
+.0010000000000001
+.00010000000000001
+.000010000000000001
+.0000010000000000001
+.00000010000000000001
+.000000010000000000001
+.0000000010000000000001
+.00000000010000000000001
+.000000000010000000000001
+.0000000000010000000000001
+.00000000000010000000000001
+.000000000000010000000000001
+.0000000000000010000000000001
+10000.0000000001
+1000.00000000001
+100.000000000001
+10.0000000000001
+1.00000000000001
+.100000000000001
+.0100000000000001
+.00100000000000001
+.000100000000000001
+.0000100000000000001
+.00000100000000000001
+.000000100000000000001
+.0000000100000000000001
+.00000000100000000000001
+.000000000100000000000001
+.0000000000100000000000001
+.00000000000100000000000001
+.000000000000100000000000001
+.0000000000000100000000000001
+.00000000000000100000000000001
+100000
+10000.0
+1000.00
+100.000
+10.0000
+1.00000
+.100000
+.0100000
+.00100000
+.000100000
+.0000100000
+.00000100000
+.000000100000
+.0000000100000
+.00000000100000
+.000000000100000
+.0000000000100000
+.00000000000100000
+.000000000000100000
+.0000000000000100000
+100000.1
+10000.01
+1000.001
+100.0001
+10.00001
+1.000001
+.1000001
+.01000001
+.001000001
+.0001000001
+.00001000001
+.000001000001
+.0000001000001
+.00000001000001
+.000000001000001
+.0000000001000001
+.00000000001000001
+.000000000001000001
+.0000000000001000001
+.00000000000001000001
+100000.01
+10000.001
+1000.0001
+100.00001
+10.000001
+1.0000001
+.10000001
+.010000001
+.0010000001
+.00010000001
+.000010000001
+.0000010000001
+.00000010000001
+.000000010000001
+.0000000010000001
+.00000000010000001
+.000000000010000001
+.0000000000010000001
+.00000000000010000001
+.000000000000010000001
+100000.001
+10000.0001
+1000.00001
+100.000001
+10.0000001
+1.00000001
+.100000001
+.0100000001
+.00100000001
+.000100000001
+.0000100000001
+.00000100000001
+.000000100000001
+.0000000100000001
+.00000000100000001
+.000000000100000001
+.0000000000100000001
+.00000000000100000001
+.000000000000100000001
+.0000000000000100000001
+100000.0001
+10000.00001
+1000.000001
+100.0000001
+10.00000001
+1.000000001
+.1000000001
+.01000000001
+.001000000001
+.0001000000001
+.00001000000001
+.000001000000001
+.0000001000000001
+.00000001000000001
+.000000001000000001
+.0000000001000000001
+.00000000001000000001
+.000000000001000000001
+.0000000000001000000001
+.00000000000001000000001
+100000.00001
+10000.000001
+1000.0000001
+100.00000001
+10.000000001
+1.0000000001
+.10000000001
+.010000000001
+.0010000000001
+.00010000000001
+.000010000000001
+.0000010000000001
+.00000010000000001
+.000000010000000001
+.0000000010000000001
+.00000000010000000001
+.000000000010000000001
+.0000000000010000000001
+.00000000000010000000001
+.000000000000010000000001
+100000.000001
+10000.0000001
+1000.00000001
+100.000000001
+10.0000000001
+1.00000000001
+.100000000001
+.0100000000001
+.00100000000001
+.000100000000001
+.0000100000000001
+.00000100000000001
+.000000100000000001
+.0000000100000000001
+.00000000100000000001
+.000000000100000000001
+.0000000000100000000001
+.00000000000100000000001
+.000000000000100000000001
+.0000000000000100000000001
+100000.0000001
+10000.00000001
+1000.000000001
+100.0000000001
+10.00000000001
+1.000000000001
+.1000000000001
+.01000000000001
+.001000000000001
+.0001000000000001
+.00001000000000001
+.000001000000000001
+.0000001000000000001
+.00000001000000000001
+.000000001000000000001
+.0000000001000000000001
+.00000000001000000000001
+.000000000001000000000001
+.0000000000001000000000001
+.00000000000001000000000001
+100000.00000001
+10000.000000001
+1000.0000000001
+100.00000000001
+10.000000000001
+1.0000000000001
+.10000000000001
+.010000000000001
+.0010000000000001
+.00010000000000001
+.000010000000000001
+.0000010000000000001
+.00000010000000000001
+.000000010000000000001
+.0000000010000000000001
+.00000000010000000000001
+.000000000010000000000001
+.0000000000010000000000001
+.00000000000010000000000001
+.000000000000010000000000001
+100000.000000001
+10000.0000000001
+1000.00000000001
+100.000000000001
+10.0000000000001
+1.00000000000001
+.100000000000001
+.0100000000000001
+.00100000000000001
+.000100000000000001
+.0000100000000000001
+.00000100000000000001
+.000000100000000000001
+.0000000100000000000001
+.00000000100000000000001
+.000000000100000000000001
+.0000000000100000000000001
+.00000000000100000000000001
+.000000000000100000000000001
+.0000000000000100000000000001
+100000.0000000001
+10000.00000000001
+1000.000000000001
+100.0000000000001
+10.00000000000001
+1.000000000000001
+.1000000000000001
+.01000000000000001
+.001000000000000001
+.0001000000000000001
+.00001000000000000001
+.000001000000000000001
+.0000001000000000000001
+.00000001000000000000001
+.000000001000000000000001
+.0000000001000000000000001
+.00000000001000000000000001
+.000000000001000000000000001
+.0000000000001000000000000001
+.00000000000001000000000000001
+1000000
+100000.0
+10000.00
+1000.000
+100.0000
+10.00000
+1.000000
+.1000000
+.01000000
+.001000000
+.0001000000
+.00001000000
+.000001000000
+.0000001000000
+.00000001000000
+.000000001000000
+.0000000001000000
+.00000000001000000
+.000000000001000000
+.0000000000001000000
+1000000.1
+100000.01
+10000.001
+1000.0001
+100.00001
+10.000001
+1.0000001
+.10000001
+.010000001
+.0010000001
+.00010000001
+.000010000001
+.0000010000001
+.00000010000001
+.000000010000001
+.0000000010000001
+.00000000010000001
+.000000000010000001
+.0000000000010000001
+.00000000000010000001
+1000000.01
+100000.001
+10000.0001
+1000.00001
+100.000001
+10.0000001
+1.00000001
+.100000001
+.0100000001
+.00100000001
+.000100000001
+.0000100000001
+.00000100000001
+.000000100000001
+.0000000100000001
+.00000000100000001
+.000000000100000001
+.0000000000100000001
+.00000000000100000001
+.000000000000100000001
+1000000.001
+100000.0001
+10000.00001
+1000.000001
+100.0000001
+10.00000001
+1.000000001
+.1000000001
+.01000000001
+.001000000001
+.0001000000001
+.00001000000001
+.000001000000001
+.0000001000000001
+.00000001000000001
+.000000001000000001
+.0000000001000000001
+.00000000001000000001
+.000000000001000000001
+.0000000000001000000001
+1000000.0001
+100000.00001
+10000.000001
+1000.0000001
+100.00000001
+10.000000001
+1.0000000001
+.10000000001
+.010000000001
+.0010000000001
+.00010000000001
+.000010000000001
+.0000010000000001
+.00000010000000001
+.000000010000000001
+.0000000010000000001
+.00000000010000000001
+.000000000010000000001
+.0000000000010000000001
+.00000000000010000000001
+1000000.00001
+100000.000001
+10000.0000001
+1000.00000001
+100.000000001
+10.0000000001
+1.00000000001
+.100000000001
+.0100000000001
+.00100000000001
+.000100000000001
+.0000100000000001
+.00000100000000001
+.000000100000000001
+.0000000100000000001
+.00000000100000000001
+.000000000100000000001
+.0000000000100000000001
+.00000000000100000000001
+.000000000000100000000001
+1000000.000001
+100000.0000001
+10000.00000001
+1000.000000001
+100.0000000001
+10.00000000001
+1.000000000001
+.1000000000001
+.01000000000001
+.001000000000001
+.0001000000000001
+.00001000000000001
+.000001000000000001
+.0000001000000000001
+.00000001000000000001
+.000000001000000000001
+.0000000001000000000001
+.00000000001000000000001
+.000000000001000000000001
+.0000000000001000000000001
+1000000.0000001
+100000.00000001
+10000.000000001
+1000.0000000001
+100.00000000001
+10.000000000001
+1.0000000000001
+.10000000000001
+.010000000000001
+.0010000000000001
+.00010000000000001
+.000010000000000001
+.0000010000000000001
+.00000010000000000001
+.000000010000000000001
+.0000000010000000000001
+.00000000010000000000001
+.000000000010000000000001
+.0000000000010000000000001
+.00000000000010000000000001
+1000000.00000001
+100000.000000001
+10000.0000000001
+1000.00000000001
+100.000000000001
+10.0000000000001
+1.00000000000001
+.100000000000001
+.0100000000000001
+.00100000000000001
+.000100000000000001
+.0000100000000000001
+.00000100000000000001
+.000000100000000000001
+.0000000100000000000001
+.00000000100000000000001
+.000000000100000000000001
+.0000000000100000000000001
+.00000000000100000000000001
+.000000000000100000000000001
+1000000.000000001
+100000.0000000001
+10000.00000000001
+1000.000000000001
+100.0000000000001
+10.00000000000001
+1.000000000000001
+.1000000000000001
+.01000000000000001
+.001000000000000001
+.0001000000000000001
+.00001000000000000001
+.000001000000000000001
+.0000001000000000000001
+.00000001000000000000001
+.000000001000000000000001
+.0000000001000000000000001
+.00000000001000000000000001
+.000000000001000000000000001
+.0000000000001000000000000001
+1000000.0000000001
+100000.00000000001
+10000.000000000001
+1000.0000000000001
+100.00000000000001
+10.000000000000001
+1.0000000000000001
+.10000000000000001
+.010000000000000001
+.0010000000000000001
+.00010000000000000001
+.000010000000000000001
+.0000010000000000000001
+.00000010000000000000001
+.000000010000000000000001
+.0000000010000000000000001
+.00000000010000000000000001
+.000000000010000000000000001
+.0000000000010000000000000001
+.00000000000010000000000000001
+10000000
+1000000.0
+100000.00
+10000.000
+1000.0000
+100.00000
+10.000000
+1.0000000
+.10000000
+.010000000
+.0010000000
+.00010000000
+.000010000000
+.0000010000000
+.00000010000000
+.000000010000000
+.0000000010000000
+.00000000010000000
+.000000000010000000
+.0000000000010000000
+10000000.1
+1000000.01
+100000.001
+10000.0001
+1000.00001
+100.000001
+10.0000001
+1.00000001
+.100000001
+.0100000001
+.00100000001
+.000100000001
+.0000100000001
+.00000100000001
+.000000100000001
+.0000000100000001
+.00000000100000001
+.000000000100000001
+.0000000000100000001
+.00000000000100000001
+10000000.01
+1000000.001
+100000.0001
+10000.00001
+1000.000001
+100.0000001
+10.00000001
+1.000000001
+.1000000001
+.01000000001
+.001000000001
+.0001000000001
+.00001000000001
+.000001000000001
+.0000001000000001
+.00000001000000001
+.000000001000000001
+.0000000001000000001
+.00000000001000000001
+.000000000001000000001
+10000000.001
+1000000.0001
+100000.00001
+10000.000001
+1000.0000001
+100.00000001
+10.000000001
+1.0000000001
+.10000000001
+.010000000001
+.0010000000001
+.00010000000001
+.000010000000001
+.0000010000000001
+.00000010000000001
+.000000010000000001
+.0000000010000000001
+.00000000010000000001
+.000000000010000000001
+.0000000000010000000001
+10000000.0001
+1000000.00001
+100000.000001
+10000.0000001
+1000.00000001
+100.000000001
+10.0000000001
+1.00000000001
+.100000000001
+.0100000000001
+.00100000000001
+.000100000000001
+.0000100000000001
+.00000100000000001
+.000000100000000001
+.0000000100000000001
+.00000000100000000001
+.000000000100000000001
+.0000000000100000000001
+.00000000000100000000001
+10000000.00001
+1000000.000001
+100000.0000001
+10000.00000001
+1000.000000001
+100.0000000001
+10.00000000001
+1.000000000001
+.1000000000001
+.01000000000001
+.001000000000001
+.0001000000000001
+.00001000000000001
+.000001000000000001
+.0000001000000000001
+.00000001000000000001
+.000000001000000000001
+.0000000001000000000001
+.00000000001000000000001
+.000000000001000000000001
+10000000.000001
+1000000.0000001
+100000.00000001
+10000.000000001
+1000.0000000001
+100.00000000001
+10.000000000001
+1.0000000000001
+.10000000000001
+.010000000000001
+.0010000000000001
+.00010000000000001
+.000010000000000001
+.0000010000000000001
+.00000010000000000001
+.000000010000000000001
+.0000000010000000000001
+.00000000010000000000001
+.000000000010000000000001
+.0000000000010000000000001
+10000000.0000001
+1000000.00000001
+100000.000000001
+10000.0000000001
+1000.00000000001
+100.000000000001
+10.0000000000001
+1.00000000000001
+.100000000000001
+.0100000000000001
+.00100000000000001
+.000100000000000001
+.0000100000000000001
+.00000100000000000001
+.000000100000000000001
+.0000000100000000000001
+.00000000100000000000001
+.000000000100000000000001
+.0000000000100000000000001
+.00000000000100000000000001
+10000000.00000001
+1000000.000000001
+100000.0000000001
+10000.00000000001
+1000.000000000001
+100.0000000000001
+10.00000000000001
+1.000000000000001
+.1000000000000001
+.01000000000000001
+.001000000000000001
+.0001000000000000001
+.00001000000000000001
+.000001000000000000001
+.0000001000000000000001
+.00000001000000000000001
+.000000001000000000000001
+.0000000001000000000000001
+.00000000001000000000000001
+.000000000001000000000000001
+10000000.000000001
+1000000.0000000001
+100000.00000000001
+10000.000000000001
+1000.0000000000001
+100.00000000000001
+10.000000000000001
+1.0000000000000001
+.10000000000000001
+.010000000000000001
+.0010000000000000001
+.00010000000000000001
+.000010000000000000001
+.0000010000000000000001
+.00000010000000000000001
+.000000010000000000000001
+.0000000010000000000000001
+.00000000010000000000000001
+.000000000010000000000000001
+.0000000000010000000000000001
+10000000.0000000001
+1000000.00000000001
+100000.000000000001
+10000.0000000000001
+1000.00000000000001
+100.000000000000001
+10.0000000000000001
+1.00000000000000001
+.100000000000000001
+.0100000000000000001
+.00100000000000000001
+.000100000000000000001
+.0000100000000000000001
+.00000100000000000000001
+.000000100000000000000001
+.0000000100000000000000001
+.00000000100000000000000001
+.000000000100000000000000001
+.0000000000100000000000000001
+.00000000000100000000000000001
+100000000
+10000000.0
+1000000.00
+100000.000
+10000.0000
+1000.00000
+100.000000
+10.0000000
+1.00000000
+.100000000
+.0100000000
+.00100000000
+.000100000000
+.0000100000000
+.00000100000000
+.000000100000000
+.0000000100000000
+.00000000100000000
+.000000000100000000
+.0000000000100000000
+100000000.1
+10000000.01
+1000000.001
+100000.0001
+10000.00001
+1000.000001
+100.0000001
+10.00000001
+1.000000001
+.1000000001
+.01000000001
+.001000000001
+.0001000000001
+.00001000000001
+.000001000000001
+.0000001000000001
+.00000001000000001
+.000000001000000001
+.0000000001000000001
+.00000000001000000001
+100000000.01
+10000000.001
+1000000.0001
+100000.00001
+10000.000001
+1000.0000001
+100.00000001
+10.000000001
+1.0000000001
+.10000000001
+.010000000001
+.0010000000001
+.00010000000001
+.000010000000001
+.0000010000000001
+.00000010000000001
+.000000010000000001
+.0000000010000000001
+.00000000010000000001
+.000000000010000000001
+100000000.001
+10000000.0001
+1000000.00001
+100000.000001
+10000.0000001
+1000.00000001
+100.000000001
+10.0000000001
+1.00000000001
+.100000000001
+.0100000000001
+.00100000000001
+.000100000000001
+.0000100000000001
+.00000100000000001
+.000000100000000001
+.0000000100000000001
+.00000000100000000001
+.000000000100000000001
+.0000000000100000000001
+100000000.0001
+10000000.00001
+1000000.000001
+100000.0000001
+10000.00000001
+1000.000000001
+100.0000000001
+10.00000000001
+1.000000000001
+.1000000000001
+.01000000000001
+.001000000000001
+.0001000000000001
+.00001000000000001
+.000001000000000001
+.0000001000000000001
+.00000001000000000001
+.000000001000000000001
+.0000000001000000000001
+.00000000001000000000001
+100000000.00001
+10000000.000001
+1000000.0000001
+100000.00000001
+10000.000000001
+1000.0000000001
+100.00000000001
+10.000000000001
+1.0000000000001
+.10000000000001
+.010000000000001
+.0010000000000001
+.00010000000000001
+.000010000000000001
+.0000010000000000001
+.00000010000000000001
+.000000010000000000001
+.0000000010000000000001
+.00000000010000000000001
+.000000000010000000000001
+100000000.000001
+10000000.0000001
+1000000.00000001
+100000.000000001
+10000.0000000001
+1000.00000000001
+100.000000000001
+10.0000000000001
+1.00000000000001
+.100000000000001
+.0100000000000001
+.00100000000000001
+.000100000000000001
+.0000100000000000001
+.00000100000000000001
+.000000100000000000001
+.0000000100000000000001
+.00000000100000000000001
+.000000000100000000000001
+.0000000000100000000000001
+100000000.0000001
+10000000.00000001
+1000000.000000001
+100000.0000000001
+10000.00000000001
+1000.000000000001
+100.0000000000001
+10.00000000000001
+1.000000000000001
+.1000000000000001
+.01000000000000001
+.001000000000000001
+.0001000000000000001
+.00001000000000000001
+.000001000000000000001
+.0000001000000000000001
+.00000001000000000000001
+.000000001000000000000001
+.0000000001000000000000001
+.00000000001000000000000001
+100000000.00000001
+10000000.000000001
+1000000.0000000001
+100000.00000000001
+10000.000000000001
+1000.0000000000001
+100.00000000000001
+10.000000000000001
+1.0000000000000001
+.10000000000000001
+.010000000000000001
+.0010000000000000001
+.00010000000000000001
+.000010000000000000001
+.0000010000000000000001
+.00000010000000000000001
+.000000010000000000000001
+.0000000010000000000000001
+.00000000010000000000000001
+.000000000010000000000000001
+100000000.000000001
+10000000.0000000001
+1000000.00000000001
+100000.000000000001
+10000.0000000000001
+1000.00000000000001
+100.000000000000001
+10.0000000000000001
+1.00000000000000001
+.100000000000000001
+.0100000000000000001
+.00100000000000000001
+.000100000000000000001
+.0000100000000000000001
+.00000100000000000000001
+.000000100000000000000001
+.0000000100000000000000001
+.00000000100000000000000001
+.000000000100000000000000001
+.0000000000100000000000000001
+100000000.0000000001
+10000000.00000000001
+1000000.000000000001
+100000.0000000000001
+10000.00000000000001
+1000.000000000000001
+100.0000000000000001
+10.00000000000000001
+1.000000000000000001
+.1000000000000000001
+.01000000000000000001
+.001000000000000000001
+.0001000000000000000001
+.00001000000000000000001
+.000001000000000000000001
+.0000001000000000000000001
+.00000001000000000000000001
+.000000001000000000000000001
+.0000000001000000000000000001
+.00000000001000000000000000001
+1000000000
+100000000.0
+10000000.00
+1000000.000
+100000.0000
+10000.00000
+1000.000000
+100.0000000
+10.00000000
+1.000000000
+.1000000000
+.01000000000
+.001000000000
+.0001000000000
+.00001000000000
+.000001000000000
+.0000001000000000
+.00000001000000000
+.000000001000000000
+.0000000001000000000
+1000000000.1
+100000000.01
+10000000.001
+1000000.0001
+100000.00001
+10000.000001
+1000.0000001
+100.00000001
+10.000000001
+1.0000000001
+.10000000001
+.010000000001
+.0010000000001
+.00010000000001
+.000010000000001
+.0000010000000001
+.00000010000000001
+.000000010000000001
+.0000000010000000001
+.00000000010000000001
+1000000000.01
+100000000.001
+10000000.0001
+1000000.00001
+100000.000001
+10000.0000001
+1000.00000001
+100.000000001
+10.0000000001
+1.00000000001
+.100000000001
+.0100000000001
+.00100000000001
+.000100000000001
+.0000100000000001
+.00000100000000001
+.000000100000000001
+.0000000100000000001
+.00000000100000000001
+.000000000100000000001
+1000000000.001
+100000000.0001
+10000000.00001
+1000000.000001
+100000.0000001
+10000.00000001
+1000.000000001
+100.0000000001
+10.00000000001
+1.000000000001
+.1000000000001
+.01000000000001
+.001000000000001
+.0001000000000001
+.00001000000000001
+.000001000000000001
+.0000001000000000001
+.00000001000000000001
+.000000001000000000001
+.0000000001000000000001
+1000000000.0001
+100000000.00001
+10000000.000001
+1000000.0000001
+100000.00000001
+10000.000000001
+1000.0000000001
+100.00000000001
+10.000000000001
+1.0000000000001
+.10000000000001
+.010000000000001
+.0010000000000001
+.00010000000000001
+.000010000000000001
+.0000010000000000001
+.00000010000000000001
+.000000010000000000001
+.0000000010000000000001
+.00000000010000000000001
+1000000000.00001
+100000000.000001
+10000000.0000001
+1000000.00000001
+100000.000000001
+10000.0000000001
+1000.00000000001
+100.000000000001
+10.0000000000001
+1.00000000000001
+.100000000000001
+.0100000000000001
+.00100000000000001
+.000100000000000001
+.0000100000000000001
+.00000100000000000001
+.000000100000000000001
+.0000000100000000000001
+.00000000100000000000001
+.000000000100000000000001
+1000000000.000001
+100000000.0000001
+10000000.00000001
+1000000.000000001
+100000.0000000001
+10000.00000000001
+1000.000000000001
+100.0000000000001
+10.00000000000001
+1.000000000000001
+.1000000000000001
+.01000000000000001
+.001000000000000001
+.0001000000000000001
+.00001000000000000001
+.000001000000000000001
+.0000001000000000000001
+.00000001000000000000001
+.000000001000000000000001
+.0000000001000000000000001
+1000000000.0000001
+100000000.00000001
+10000000.000000001
+1000000.0000000001
+100000.00000000001
+10000.000000000001
+1000.0000000000001
+100.00000000000001
+10.000000000000001
+1.0000000000000001
+.10000000000000001
+.010000000000000001
+.0010000000000000001
+.00010000000000000001
+.000010000000000000001
+.0000010000000000000001
+.00000010000000000000001
+.000000010000000000000001
+.0000000010000000000000001
+.00000000010000000000000001
+1000000000.00000001
+100000000.000000001
+10000000.0000000001
+1000000.00000000001
+100000.000000000001
+10000.0000000000001
+1000.00000000000001
+100.000000000000001
+10.0000000000000001
+1.00000000000000001
+.100000000000000001
+.0100000000000000001
+.00100000000000000001
+.000100000000000000001
+.0000100000000000000001
+.00000100000000000000001
+.000000100000000000000001
+.0000000100000000000000001
+.00000000100000000000000001
+.000000000100000000000000001
+1000000000.000000001
+100000000.0000000001
+10000000.00000000001
+1000000.000000000001
+100000.0000000000001
+10000.00000000000001
+1000.000000000000001
+100.0000000000000001
+10.00000000000000001
+1.000000000000000001
+.1000000000000000001
+.01000000000000000001
+.001000000000000000001
+.0001000000000000000001
+.00001000000000000000001
+.000001000000000000000001
+.0000001000000000000000001
+.00000001000000000000000001
+.000000001000000000000000001
+.0000000001000000000000000001
+1000000000.0000000001
+100000000.00000000001
+10000000.000000000001
+1000000.0000000000001
+100000.00000000000001
+10000.000000000000001
+1000.0000000000000001
+100.00000000000000001
+10.000000000000000001
+1.0000000000000000001
+.10000000000000000001
+.010000000000000000001
+.0010000000000000000001
+.00010000000000000000001
+.000010000000000000000001
+.0000010000000000000000001
+.00000010000000000000000001
+.000000010000000000000000001
+.0000000010000000000000000001
+.00000000010000000000000000001
+10000000000
+1000000000.0
+100000000.00
+10000000.000
+1000000.0000
+100000.00000
+10000.000000
+1000.0000000
+100.00000000
+10.000000000
+1.0000000000
+.10000000000
+.010000000000
+.0010000000000
+.00010000000000
+.000010000000000
+.0000010000000000
+.00000010000000000
+.000000010000000000
+.0000000010000000000
+10000000000.1
+1000000000.01
+100000000.001
+10000000.0001
+1000000.00001
+100000.000001
+10000.0000001
+1000.00000001
+100.000000001
+10.0000000001
+1.00000000001
+.100000000001
+.0100000000001
+.00100000000001
+.000100000000001
+.0000100000000001
+.00000100000000001
+.000000100000000001
+.0000000100000000001
+.00000000100000000001
+10000000000.01
+1000000000.001
+100000000.0001
+10000000.00001
+1000000.000001
+100000.0000001
+10000.00000001
+1000.000000001
+100.0000000001
+10.00000000001
+1.000000000001
+.1000000000001
+.01000000000001
+.001000000000001
+.0001000000000001
+.00001000000000001
+.000001000000000001
+.0000001000000000001
+.00000001000000000001
+.000000001000000000001
+10000000000.001
+1000000000.0001
+100000000.00001
+10000000.000001
+1000000.0000001
+100000.00000001
+10000.000000001
+1000.0000000001
+100.00000000001
+10.000000000001
+1.0000000000001
+.10000000000001
+.010000000000001
+.0010000000000001
+.00010000000000001
+.000010000000000001
+.0000010000000000001
+.00000010000000000001
+.000000010000000000001
+.0000000010000000000001
+10000000000.0001
+1000000000.00001
+100000000.000001
+10000000.0000001
+1000000.00000001
+100000.000000001
+10000.0000000001
+1000.00000000001
+100.000000000001
+10.0000000000001
+1.00000000000001
+.100000000000001
+.0100000000000001
+.00100000000000001
+.000100000000000001
+.0000100000000000001
+.00000100000000000001
+.000000100000000000001
+.0000000100000000000001
+.00000000100000000000001
+10000000000.00001
+1000000000.000001
+100000000.0000001
+10000000.00000001
+1000000.000000001
+100000.0000000001
+10000.00000000001
+1000.000000000001
+100.0000000000001
+10.00000000000001
+1.000000000000001
+.1000000000000001
+.01000000000000001
+.001000000000000001
+.0001000000000000001
+.00001000000000000001
+.000001000000000000001
+.0000001000000000000001
+.00000001000000000000001
+.000000001000000000000001
+10000000000.000001
+1000000000.0000001
+100000000.00000001
+10000000.000000001
+1000000.0000000001
+100000.00000000001
+10000.000000000001
+1000.0000000000001
+100.00000000000001
+10.000000000000001
+1.0000000000000001
+.10000000000000001
+.010000000000000001
+.0010000000000000001
+.00010000000000000001
+.000010000000000000001
+.0000010000000000000001
+.00000010000000000000001
+.000000010000000000000001
+.0000000010000000000000001
+10000000000.0000001
+1000000000.00000001
+100000000.000000001
+10000000.0000000001
+1000000.00000000001
+100000.000000000001
+10000.0000000000001
+1000.00000000000001
+100.000000000000001
+10.0000000000000001
+1.00000000000000001
+.100000000000000001
+.0100000000000000001
+.00100000000000000001
+.000100000000000000001
+.0000100000000000000001
+.00000100000000000000001
+.000000100000000000000001
+.0000000100000000000000001
+.00000000100000000000000001
+10000000000.00000001
+1000000000.000000001
+100000000.0000000001
+10000000.00000000001
+1000000.000000000001
+100000.0000000000001
+10000.00000000000001
+1000.000000000000001
+100.0000000000000001
+10.00000000000000001
+1.000000000000000001
+.1000000000000000001
+.01000000000000000001
+.001000000000000000001
+.0001000000000000000001
+.00001000000000000000001
+.000001000000000000000001
+.0000001000000000000000001
+.00000001000000000000000001
+.000000001000000000000000001
+10000000000.000000001
+1000000000.0000000001
+100000000.00000000001
+10000000.000000000001
+1000000.0000000000001
+100000.00000000000001
+10000.000000000000001
+1000.0000000000000001
+100.00000000000000001
+10.000000000000000001
+1.0000000000000000001
+.10000000000000000001
+.010000000000000000001
+.0010000000000000000001
+.00010000000000000000001
+.000010000000000000000001
+.0000010000000000000000001
+.00000010000000000000000001
+.000000010000000000000000001
+.0000000010000000000000000001
+10000000000.0000000001
+1000000000.00000000001
+100000000.000000000001
+10000000.0000000000001
+1000000.00000000000001
+100000.000000000000001
+10000.0000000000000001
+1000.00000000000000001
+100.000000000000000001
+10.0000000000000000001
+1.00000000000000000001
+.100000000000000000001
+.0100000000000000000001
+.00100000000000000000001
+.000100000000000000000001
+.0000100000000000000000001
+.00000100000000000000000001
+.000000100000000000000000001
+.0000000100000000000000000001
+.00000000100000000000000000001
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/shift_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/sine.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/sine.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/sine.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+scale = 25
+p = 4 * a(1)
+scale = 20
+s(0)
+s(0.5)
+s(1)
+s(2)
+s(3)
+s(-0.5)
+s(-1)
+s(-2)
+s(-3)
+s(p / 7)
+s(-p / 7)
+s(p / 4)
+s(-p / 4)
+s(p / 3)
+s(-p / 3)
+s(p / 2)
+s(-p / 2)
+s(3 * p / 4)
+s(3 * -p / 4)
+s(p)
+s(-p)
+s(3 * p / 2)
+s(3 * -p / 2)
+s(7 * p / 4)
+s(7 * -p / 4)
+s(13 * p / 4)
+s(13 * -p / 4)
+s(2 * p)
+s(2 * -p)
+s(131231)
+s(-131231)
+s(69.1967507777)
+s(10828)
+s(-16248506.847013148)
+s(2050281000)
+s(8224939)
+s(11334231.1154662464)
+s(-4109411249.2986954846)
+s(-2395915402.13984)
+s(-2795874313)
+s(-2262647256)
+s(3323158182.1239222084)
+s(99901384)
+s(-4202726050.2780080957)
+s(2870000621.3228830588)
+s(-4230239450.981045150)
+s(-1517506941.2678857223)
+s(4004582176)
+s(-4193724543.1108508063)
+s(-3432511261)
+s(1804484812)
+s(3229084127)
+s(-3565317246.583937244)
+s(3503281621)
+s(-3469146313.1766891244)
+s(-2257308049.307721068)
+s(-3978441809)
+s(3431564304.3752537)
+s(1249644440.2464914559)
+s(2395558891.1188487974)
+s(-2607820706.4079280116)
+s(1208310007)
+s(-3758597557.863203175)
+s(1186920672)
+s(-3988103872)
+s(-4280635328.4194857577)
+s(1051748072)
+s(-1884006279)
+s(-1046568719.2698663389)
+s(2482991410)
+s(-2106101268.1154045959)
+s(3530359346.77217900)
+s(-3373362543)
+s(2601598062)
+s(2987020862)
+s(-12033356.2057140648)
+s(-3721760707)
+s(2842387705.4145759704)
+s(3515832681.1808393297)
+s(-3658522034.16149)
+s(3963658030.2860423992)
+s(2977802215.597946655)
+s(-4271392570.4091498761)
+s(2378692585)
+s(-3545193743.629374782)
+s(-1762458738)
+s(-1174277828.4264040126)
+s(-1724994857)
+s(2802750230.1783499408)
+s(-3068133550)
+s(3324811474.621822235)
+s(2873024984)
+s(-3509056632.3888206298)
+s(1772903162.647192879)
+s(2836543102)
+s(4117858580.186)
+s(2988632386.4063754522)
+s(-4256784971.1770067447)
+s(2280820447)
+s(-2865200306)
+s(-3329592486)
+s(519126268)
+s(-2452430452)
+s(-2693220186.62104082)
+s(-3796811992.14485798)
+s(3619792326)
+s(2697791049.3038381550)
+s(3751267834.2808166557)
+s(-3761719074)
+s(-3824087631)
+s(2119301150)
+s(1398148974)
+s(-3386564819.1351816969)
+s(-3171483098)
+s(3688944941.3273318162)
+s(3060521119)
+s(-3527110404)
+s(3699631193)
+s(3872838898)
+s(3880350192)
+s(-4109411249.2986954846)
+s(-2395915402.13984)
+s(-2795874313)
+s(-2262647256)
+s(3323158182.1239222084)
+s(99901384)
+s(-4202726050.2780080957)
+s(2870000621.3228830588)
+s(-4230239450.981045150)
+s(-1517506941.2678857223)
+s(4004582176)
+s(-4193724543.1108508063)
+s(-3432511261)
+s(1804484812)
+s(3229084127)
+s(-3565317246.583937244)
+s(3503281621)
+s(-3469146313.1766891244)
+s(-2257308049.307721068)
+s(-3978441809)
+s(3431564304.3752537)
+s(1249644440.2464914559)
+s(2395558891.1188487974)
+s(-2607820706.4079280116)
+s(1208310007)
+s(-3758597557.863203175)
+s(1186920672)
+s(-3988103872)
+s(-4280635328.4194857577)
+s(1051748072)
+s(-1884006279)
+s(-1046568719.2698663389)
+s(2482991410)
+s(-2106101268.1154045959)
+s(3530359346.77217900)
+s(-3373362543)
+s(2601598062)
+s(2576349783.2446436039)
+s(2987020862)
+s(-12033356.2057140648)
+s(-3721760707)
+s(2842387705.4145759704)
+s(3515832681.1808393297)
+s(-3658522034.16149)
+s(3963658030.2860423992)
+s(2977802215.597946655)
+s(-4271392570.4091498761)
+s(2378692585)
+s(-3545193743.629374782)
+s(-1762458738)
+s(-1174277828.4264040126)
+s(-1724994857)
+s(2802750230.1783499408)
+s(-3068133550)
+s(3324811474.621822235)
+s(2873024984)
+s(-3509056632.3888206298)
+s(1772903162.647192879)
+s(2836543102)
+s(4117858580.186)
+s(2988632386.4063754522)
+s(-4256784971.1770067447)
+s(2280820447)
+s(-2865200306)
+s(-3329592486)
+s(519126268)
+s(-2452430452)
+s(-2693220186.62104082)
+s(-3796811992.14485798)
+s(3619792326)
+s(2697791049.3038381550)
+s(3751267834.2808166557)
+s(-3761719074)
+s(-3824087631)
+s(2119301150)
+s(1398148974)
+s(-3386564819.1351816969)
+s(-3171483098)
+s(3688944941.3273318162)
+s(3060521119)
+s(-3527110404)
+s(3699631193)
+s(3872838898)
+s(3880350192)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/sine.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/sine_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/sine_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/sine_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+0
+.47942553860420300027
+.84147098480789650665
+.90929742682568169539
+.14112000805986722210
+-.47942553860420300027
+-.84147098480789650665
+-.90929742682568169539
+-.14112000805986722210
+.43388373911755812047
+-.43388373911755812047
+.70710678118654752439
+-.70710678118654752439
+.86602540378443864676
+-.86602540378443864676
+1.00000000000000000000
+-1.00000000000000000000
+.70710678118654752440
+-.70710678118654752440
+0
+0
+-1.00000000000000000000
+1.00000000000000000000
+-.70710678118654752440
+.70710678118654752440
+-.70710678118654752439
+.70710678118654752439
+0
+0
+.38173640790989719211
+-.38173640790989719211
+.08162149793819434415
+.87714140586973771462
+-.91157035998052051623
+-.69638975047120679880
+-.94806056135672896231
+-.54548669379730874215
+.14605234154783145589
+-.12183062787430962391
+-.89832305526331682409
+-.99513029384033555290
+.76528428398894958149
+.51077956237618482050
+-.75908868040685122962
+-.37015497140201575652
+-.51432535569032144654
+.68890201397514289831
+.88200006249578882510
+-.01188893762444044480
+-.55298206739629427055
+-.39165958853437135625
+.17732674488831117445
+-.09648816960119759281
+.15728984163381104344
+-.31554983227150461370
+-.72225704678824601977
+.96170480789326775287
+-.47636475887571231114
+-.98999375714278585763
+-.06715264746977580303
+-.69464867397161089634
+.58037673122614640119
+-.44244898040675115062
+.04242496278231069061
+.96417934585711006987
+-.54513053517818430563
+-.28604677908958958915
+-.68003854521180919710
+.26597321569379963920
+-.34591048991595943570
+-.17084074152217894535
+-.42880744669595980174
+.36518031021580667844
+-.03514839609475800827
+.93891962312087620513
+-.69421849362562852947
+.15169857474887222961
+-.00226070393499995347
+.96209233301706432156
+-.79937182245558378826
+.99966966326862290520
+.85234799672007656117
+-.20824280061137520443
+-.00761257856348159450
+.10708922858398661064
+-.80233147080821341443
+.26521358383069223461
+-.95173930946495828679
+.66210405748455769256
+.30054820568403786217
+.21640593048970779808
+-.87596287572245980692
+.74627849623707962934
+-.25747200288605259984
+-.14700538617135227740
+-.06294254604551440990
+.67948313824962059899
+.83714389089726798409
+.33805040346429707760
+.80273418514828673749
+.72262501870089953244
+-.77469383027517310713
+-.15575896025754423345
+.22191568853026376075
+.25137052589938954082
+-.80534308288073574163
+-.44963537508211028805
+-.92368907556208259630
+-.80963411623457804531
+-.96822928101198069490
+-.46604999828123759716
+.63275578793565409192
+-.40563425346575205109
+.13095444406203282638
+.96217617474547242151
+-.16256793375739137005
+.71791623784197898982
+-.10713685791219679248
+.50758780541979250307
+-.09795373670371402656
+.14605234154783145589
+-.12183062787430962391
+-.89832305526331682409
+-.99513029384033555290
+.76528428398894958149
+.51077956237618482050
+-.75908868040685122962
+-.37015497140201575652
+-.51432535569032144654
+.68890201397514289831
+.88200006249578882510
+-.01188893762444044480
+-.55298206739629427055
+-.39165958853437135625
+.17732674488831117445
+-.09648816960119759281
+.15728984163381104344
+-.31554983227150461370
+-.72225704678824601977
+.96170480789326775287
+-.47636475887571231114
+-.98999375714278585763
+-.06715264746977580303
+-.69464867397161089634
+.58037673122614640119
+-.44244898040675115062
+.04242496278231069061
+.96417934585711006987
+-.54513053517818430563
+-.28604677908958958915
+-.68003854521180919710
+.26597321569379963920
+-.34591048991595943570
+-.17084074152217894535
+-.42880744669595980174
+.36518031021580667844
+-.03514839609475800827
+.75884554410943292265
+.93891962312087620513
+-.69421849362562852947
+.15169857474887222961
+-.00226070393499995347
+.96209233301706432156
+-.79937182245558378826
+.99966966326862290520
+.85234799672007656117
+-.20824280061137520443
+-.00761257856348159450
+.10708922858398661064
+-.80233147080821341443
+.26521358383069223461
+-.95173930946495828679
+.66210405748455769256
+.30054820568403786217
+.21640593048970779808
+-.87596287572245980692
+.74627849623707962934
+-.25747200288605259984
+-.14700538617135227740
+-.06294254604551440990
+.67948313824962059899
+.83714389089726798409
+.33805040346429707760
+.80273418514828673749
+.72262501870089953244
+-.77469383027517310713
+-.15575896025754423345
+.22191568853026376075
+.25137052589938954082
+-.80534308288073574163
+-.44963537508211028805
+-.92368907556208259630
+-.80963411623457804531
+-.96822928101198069490
+-.46604999828123759716
+.63275578793565409192
+-.40563425346575205109
+.13095444406203282638
+.96217617474547242151
+-.16256793375739137005
+.71791623784197898982
+-.10713685791219679248
+.50758780541979250307
+-.09795373670371402656
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/sine_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/sqrt.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/sqrt.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/sqrt.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+scale = 20
+sqrt(0)
+sqrt(2)
+sqrt(4)
+sqrt(9)
+sqrt(16)
+sqrt(25)
+sqrt(121)
+sqrt(48765)
+sqrt(9287356207356)
+sqrt(0.189274385967238956872354)
+sqrt(12389467137496823.134567829387456283946)
+sqrt(.0000000000000000000000000000123)
+sqrt(1)
+scale = 0;
+sqrt(1407)
+sqrt(79101)
+scale = 6; sqrt(88.1247699921300025847737099094480986051698668662822009535526240)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/sqrt.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/sqrt_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/sqrt_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/sqrt_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+0
+1.41421356237309504880
+2.00000000000000000000
+3.00000000000000000000
+4.00000000000000000000
+5.00000000000000000000
+11.00000000000000000000
+220.82798735667542192643
+3047516.39985021245496456781
+.435056761776252544285578
+111307983.260397019622398608908
+.0000000000000035071355833500363
+1.00000000000000000000
+37
+281
+9.3874794269883757005315658512340070115147163425837869223395574
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/sqrt_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/stdin.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/stdin.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/stdin.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#stuff
+# "string in a hash comment"
+# /* comment in a hash comment */
+1 /* c */ + 2
+"String /* with partial comment"
+"String /* with full comment */"
+1 /* Comment with partial "string */ + 2
+2 /* Comment with full "string" */ + 3
+3 /* Comment with a # hash comment */ + 4
+"String with a # hash comment"
+1 + \
+2
+i = 4
+read()
+i *= 5
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/stdin.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/stdin_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/stdin_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/stdin_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+3
+String /* with partial commentString /* with full comment */3
+5
+7
+String with a # hash comment3
+20
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/stdin_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/strings.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/strings.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/strings.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+"string"
+"another string"
+"yet
+another
+string"
+"noescapes\n"
+"newline
+"
+print "string"
+print "newline\n"
+
+print "\\\e\n"
+print "\d\n"
+"abc\\
+def
+"
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/strings.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/strings_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/strings_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/strings_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+stringanother stringyet
+another
+stringnoescapes\nnewline
+stringnewline
+\\
+\d
+abc\\
+def
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/strings_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/subtract.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/subtract.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/subtract.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+0 - 0
+0 - 1
+1 - 0
+1 - 1
+5 - 2
+2 - 9
+321974 - 12845976238457
+2874519803456710938465 - 384723854
+10000000000000000000000000000000000000000 - 999999999999999999999999999999999999999
+10000000000000000000000000000000000000000 - 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999
+10000000000000000000000000000000000000000 - 999999999999999999999999999999999999999.99999999999999999999999999999999999
+10000000000000000000000000000000000000000 - 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999.9999999999999999999999999999999999
+10000000000000000000000000000000000000000 - 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+10000000000000000000000000000000000000001 - 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+10000000000000000000000000000000000000000.0000000001 - 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+-2 - 6
+-23784692345 - 182934721309467230894628735496027345
+-224352354962873059862 - -1245723576829456278354960278345
+-3468273598 - -12354243
+-0.92345768293 - -2354768923
+-712384634.123476823 - -24768293376
+-1879234638 - -0.917234869234
+-0.9172438692134 - -0.971284967124
+-0.1283475123465 - -0.937462346
+-124765829346.2837468293562 - -0.923467829346
+-12476829385769 - -1928476259034.8378629356
+-0.38476284395876345 - -94875394587623.2357869324857
+-4674596708467.34754789403674343567 - -48672394852354698.237548629345
+979519669 - 3018100865
+929002449 - 3280677283
+0 - -525898
+3- - -3
+18297034019823741908237410928374.81920734712098347109281029873 - 182907.12809
+182039471029834 - 282039471029834
+282039471029834 - 182039471029834
+182039471029834.2801722893 - 282039471029834
+282039471029834.2801722893 - 182039471029834
+182039471029834.2801722893 - 282039471029834.2838
+282039471029834.2801722893 - 182039471029834.2838
+182039471029834 - 282039471029834.2801722893
+282039471029834 - 182039471029834.2801722893
+182039471029834.8297282893 - 282039471029834.2801722893
+282039471029834.8297282893 - 182039471029834.2801722893
+471029834 - 282039471029834
+471029834 - 182039471029834
+471029834.2801722893 - 282039471029834
+471029834.2801722893 - 182039471029834
+471029834.2801722893 - 282039471029834.2838
+471029834.2801722893 - 182039471029834.2838
+471029834 - 282039471029834.2801722893
+471029834 - 182039471029834.2801722893
+471029834.8297282893 - 282039471029834.2801722893
+471029834.8297282893 - 182039471029834.2801722893
+182039471029834 - 471029834
+282039471029834 - 471029834
+182039471029834.2801722893 - 471029834
+282039471029834.2801722893 - 471029834
+182039471029834.2801722893 - 471029834.2838
+282039471029834.2801722893 - 471029834.2838
+182039471029834 - 471029834.2801722893
+282039471029834 - 471029834.2801722893
+182039471029834.8297282893 - 471029834.2801722893
+282039471029834.8297282893 - 471029834.2801722893
+-182039471029834 - 282039471029834
+-282039471029834 - 182039471029834
+-182039471029834.2801722893 - 282039471029834
+-282039471029834.2801722893 - 182039471029834
+-182039471029834.2801722893 - 282039471029834.2838
+-282039471029834.2801722893 - 182039471029834.2838
+-182039471029834 - 282039471029834.2801722893
+-282039471029834 - 182039471029834.2801722893
+-182039471029834.8297282893 - 282039471029834.2801722893
+-282039471029834.8297282893 - 182039471029834.2801722893
+-471029834 - 282039471029834
+-471029834 - 182039471029834
+-471029834.2801722893 - 282039471029834
+-471029834.2801722893 - 182039471029834
+-471029834.2801722893 - 282039471029834.2838
+-471029834.2801722893 - 182039471029834.2838
+-471029834 - 282039471029834.2801722893
+-471029834 - 182039471029834.2801722893
+-471029834.8297282893 - 282039471029834.2801722893
+-471029834.8297282893 - 182039471029834.2801722893
+-182039471029834 - 471029834
+-282039471029834 - 471029834
+-182039471029834.2801722893 - 471029834
+-282039471029834.2801722893 - 471029834
+-182039471029834.2801722893 - 471029834.2838
+-282039471029834.2801722893 - 471029834.2838
+-182039471029834 - 471029834.2801722893
+-282039471029834 - 471029834.2801722893
+-182039471029834.8297282893 - 471029834.2801722893
+-282039471029834.8297282893 - 471029834.2801722893
+182039471029834 - -282039471029834
+282039471029834 - -182039471029834
+182039471029834.2801722893 - -282039471029834
+282039471029834.2801722893 - -182039471029834
+182039471029834.2801722893 - -282039471029834.2838
+282039471029834.2801722893 - -182039471029834.2838
+182039471029834 - -282039471029834.2801722893
+282039471029834 - -182039471029834.2801722893
+182039471029834.8297282893 - -282039471029834.2801722893
+282039471029834.8297282893 - -182039471029834.2801722893
+471029834 - -282039471029834
+471029834 - -182039471029834
+471029834.2801722893 - -282039471029834
+471029834.2801722893 - -182039471029834
+471029834.2801722893 - -282039471029834.2838
+471029834.2801722893 - -182039471029834.2838
+471029834 - -282039471029834.2801722893
+471029834 - -182039471029834.2801722893
+471029834.8297282893 - -282039471029834.2801722893
+471029834.8297282893 - -182039471029834.2801722893
+182039471029834 - -471029834
+282039471029834 - -471029834
+182039471029834.2801722893 - -471029834
+282039471029834.2801722893 - -471029834
+182039471029834.2801722893 - -471029834.2838
+282039471029834.2801722893 - -471029834.2838
+182039471029834 - -471029834.2801722893
+282039471029834 - -471029834.2801722893
+182039471029834.8297282893 - -471029834.2801722893
+282039471029834.8297282893 - -471029834.2801722893
+-182039471029834 - -282039471029834
+-282039471029834 - -182039471029834
+-182039471029834.2801722893 - -282039471029834
+-282039471029834.2801722893 - -182039471029834
+-182039471029834.2801722893 - -282039471029834.2838
+-282039471029834.2801722893 - -182039471029834.2838
+-182039471029834 - -282039471029834.2801722893
+-282039471029834 - -182039471029834.2801722893
+-182039471029834.8297282893 - -282039471029834.2801722893
+-282039471029834.8297282893 - -182039471029834.2801722893
+-471029834 - -282039471029834
+-471029834 - -182039471029834
+-471029834.2801722893 - -282039471029834
+-471029834.2801722893 - -182039471029834
+-471029834.2801722893 - -282039471029834.2838
+-471029834.2801722893 - -182039471029834.2838
+-471029834 - -282039471029834.2801722893
+-471029834 - -182039471029834.2801722893
+-471029834.8297282893 - -282039471029834.2801722893
+-471029834.8297282893 - -182039471029834.2801722893
+-182039471029834 - -471029834
+-282039471029834 - -471029834
+-182039471029834.2801722893 - -471029834
+-282039471029834.2801722893 - -471029834
+-182039471029834.2801722893 - -471029834.2838
+-282039471029834.2801722893 - -471029834.2838
+-182039471029834 - -471029834.2801722893
+-282039471029834 - -471029834.2801722893
+-182039471029834.8297282893 - -471029834.2801722893
+-282039471029834.8297282893 - -471029834.2801722893
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/subtract.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/subtract_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/subtract_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/subtract_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+0
+-1
+1
+0
+3
+-7
+-12845975916483
+2874519803456326214611
+9000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+1
+9000000000000000000000000000000000000000.000000000000000000000000000\
+00000001
+.0000000000000000000000000000000001
+9999999999999999999999999999999999999999.999999999999999999999999999\
+99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
+10000000000000000000000000000000000000000.99999999999999999999999999\
+999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
+10000000000000000000000000000000000000000.00000000009999999999999999\
+99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
+-8
+-182934721309467230894628759280719690
+1245723576605103923392087218483
+-3455919355
+2354768922.07654231707
+24055908741.876523177
+-1879234637.082765130766
+.0540410979106
+.8091148336535
+-124765829345.3602790000102
+-10548353126734.1621370644
+94875394587622.85102408852693655
+48667720255646230.89000073530825656433
+-2038581196
+-2351674834
+525898
+0
+18297034019823741908237410745467.69111734712098347109281029873
+-100000000000000
+100000000000000
+-99999999999999.7198277107
+100000000000000.2801722893
+-100000000000000.0036277107
+99999999999999.9963722893
+-100000000000000.2801722893
+99999999999999.7198277107
+-99999999999999.4504440000
+100000000000000.5495560000
+-282039000000000
+-182039000000000
+-282038999999999.7198277107
+-182038999999999.7198277107
+-282039000000000.0036277107
+-182039000000000.0036277107
+-282039000000000.2801722893
+-182039000000000.2801722893
+-282038999999999.4504440000
+-182038999999999.4504440000
+182039000000000
+282039000000000
+182039000000000.2801722893
+282039000000000.2801722893
+182038999999999.9963722893
+282038999999999.9963722893
+182038999999999.7198277107
+282038999999999.7198277107
+182039000000000.5495560000
+282039000000000.5495560000
+-464078942059668
+-464078942059668
+-464078942059668.2801722893
+-464078942059668.2801722893
+-464078942059668.5639722893
+-464078942059668.5639722893
+-464078942059668.2801722893
+-464078942059668.2801722893
+-464078942059669.1099005786
+-464078942059669.1099005786
+-282039942059668
+-182039942059668
+-282039942059668.2801722893
+-182039942059668.2801722893
+-282039942059668.5639722893
+-182039942059668.5639722893
+-282039942059668.2801722893
+-182039942059668.2801722893
+-282039942059669.1099005786
+-182039942059669.1099005786
+-182039942059668
+-282039942059668
+-182039942059668.2801722893
+-282039942059668.2801722893
+-182039942059668.5639722893
+-282039942059668.5639722893
+-182039942059668.2801722893
+-282039942059668.2801722893
+-182039942059669.1099005786
+-282039942059669.1099005786
+464078942059668
+464078942059668
+464078942059668.2801722893
+464078942059668.2801722893
+464078942059668.5639722893
+464078942059668.5639722893
+464078942059668.2801722893
+464078942059668.2801722893
+464078942059669.1099005786
+464078942059669.1099005786
+282039942059668
+182039942059668
+282039942059668.2801722893
+182039942059668.2801722893
+282039942059668.5639722893
+182039942059668.5639722893
+282039942059668.2801722893
+182039942059668.2801722893
+282039942059669.1099005786
+182039942059669.1099005786
+182039942059668
+282039942059668
+182039942059668.2801722893
+282039942059668.2801722893
+182039942059668.5639722893
+282039942059668.5639722893
+182039942059668.2801722893
+282039942059668.2801722893
+182039942059669.1099005786
+282039942059669.1099005786
+100000000000000
+-100000000000000
+99999999999999.7198277107
+-100000000000000.2801722893
+100000000000000.0036277107
+-99999999999999.9963722893
+100000000000000.2801722893
+-99999999999999.7198277107
+99999999999999.4504440000
+-100000000000000.5495560000
+282039000000000
+182039000000000
+282038999999999.7198277107
+182038999999999.7198277107
+282039000000000.0036277107
+182039000000000.0036277107
+282039000000000.2801722893
+182039000000000.2801722893
+282038999999999.4504440000
+182038999999999.4504440000
+-182039000000000
+-282039000000000
+-182039000000000.2801722893
+-282039000000000.2801722893
+-182038999999999.9963722893
+-282038999999999.9963722893
+-182038999999999.7198277107
+-282038999999999.7198277107
+-182039000000000.5495560000
+-282039000000000.5495560000
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/subtract_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/trunc.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/trunc.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/trunc.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+0$
+1$
+2$
+0.8249167203486$
+1.28937150237$
+2.0$
+28937.92837605126$
+2890.000000000$
+-1$
+-1.128973$
+-9812387.28910273$
+x = 83.298
+x$
+x = -1893.19
+(x)$
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/trunc.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/trunc_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/trunc_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/trunc_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+0
+1
+2
+0
+1
+2
+28937
+2890
+-1
+-1
+-9812387
+83
+-1893
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/trunc_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/vars.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/vars.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/vars.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+scale=10;123981239.981273987 * 12983791827398.29836472638
+scale=100;759634576394.3946587934658364895 / 9834759834895386.36459364958346
+34895734986539489834759837489573498573.398475984759837485734987598345 + 9823749832749872384234872934.28347982374987239847982374
+a=123123123.987239874; b=123123123.239479823748; a+b
+20347023.23498723984 - 28934723874.234720384
+scale=100;a=739534985.895347284957;b=238746782364.2374623784; c = a / b; c
+s7298367203972395108367910823465293084561329084561390845613409516734503870691837451 + 785621394067928346918023476190834672198467134908618723249671349062187346898241093486139046139084613490817356023871869102746182749061872609129847
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/vars.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/vars_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/vars_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/vars_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+1609746610419572350599.59456175545
+.0000772397688552681359718594121969204138521230712049526233926741658\
+845368495051158801794834809672994
+34895734996363239667509709873808371507.68195580850970988421481133834\
+5
+246246247.226719697748
+-28914376850.99973314416
+.0030975704827179453786044330548590249517387192084765414205077089498\
+482709063381782183114683451531598
+78562139406792834691802347619083467219846713490861872324967134906218\
+73468982410934861390461390846134908173560238718691027461827490618726\
+09129847
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/vars_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/void.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/void.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/void.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+define void stuff(x) {
+ print "x: ", x, "\n"
+}
+
+define void(x) {
+ return x
+}
+
+stuff(0)
+stuff(1)
+stuff(2.2839)
+stuff(-9.9289389)
+
+void(0)
+void(1)
+void(2.9823)
+void(-3.5982)
+
+void = .198389
+void + 10
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/void.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/void_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/void_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/void_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+x: 0
+x: 1
+x: 2.2839
+x: -9.9289389
+0
+1
+2.9823
+-3.5982
+10.198389
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/bc/void_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/abs_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/abs_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/abs_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+0
+1
+.218933
+138963.9873645
+19
+.1298376
+3892173.289375
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/abs_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/add_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/add_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/add_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+0
+0
+1
+2
+2
+1
+7
+720
+1998
+324869359109479
+2378639108055453348401
+78562139406792834691802347619083467219846713490861872324967138636055\
+45508706362018540498696043776980521464405852627147161556994835657433\
+00967298
+1.1
+1.1
+37842935130118.1187478621432354
+1.1
+3746289134067138046.138375863945672398456712389456273486293
+-2
+-19
+-1287904651762470260258
+100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.0000000\
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.0000000\
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.0000000\
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000009999
+99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.99999999\
+99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999000000000000000000\
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000009999
+99999999999999999999999999999999999990000000000000000000000.00000000\
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000009999
+122761518
+-14338.391079082
+-2422295.6865057444
+28937.8180227
+2607685.3400807
+2549811.2386027
+2549810.7606607
+-28937.8180227
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/add_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/decimal_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/decimal_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/decimal_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+0
+0
+0
+0
+135482346782356
+2
+1
+11
+123
+7505
+1023468723275435238491972521917846
+43434724324317058673920735170382703980273527090273892739207390379379\
+60379637893607893607893670530278200795207952702873892786172916728961\
+78390789360741897358785738607967926792673752073092537298378279365279\
+3
+-1
+-203
+-57
+-18586
+-31378682943772818461924738352952347258
+-8239456287456735894950672387239865203756982376208346745096273452730\
+96287563846592384526349872634895763257893467523987578690283762897568\
+45907234875807107108781350187590812735901871502384171023987230138727\
+8
+.123521346523546
+.1245923756273856
+-.1024678456387
+-.8735863475634587
+4.0
+-6.0
+234237468293576.000000000000000000000000000000
+23987623568943567.00000000000000000005677834650000000000000
+23856934568940675.000000000000000435676782300000000000000456784
+77567648698496.00000000000000000058767475000000000045856380000000000\
+0000
+2348672354968723.237482354600000000000325698739450234689243562387000\
+0000034578
+-2354768.000000000000000000000000000000000000
+-96739874567.000000000347683456
+-3764568345.000000000004573845000000347683460
+-356784356.934568495770004586495678300000000
+74325437345273852773827101738273127312738521733017537073520735207307\
+570358738257390761276072160719802671980267018728630178.7082681027680\
+52176021786784127612768127086782782176817317820783071097801773817867\
+8012767377058785378278207385237085237803278203782037237582795870
+-7567527327852738512737285378527382578372836789657385273852729836783\
+72867327835672967385278372637862738627836279863782673862783670.71738\
+17836173871836718637861073861783678160376017836701860376017810773527\
+8372832783728367826738627836278378260736270367362073867097307925
+9812734012837410982345719208345712908357412903587192048571920458712.\
+23957182459817249058172945781
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/decimal_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/divmod.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/divmod.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/divmod.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+20k
+0 1~pRpR
+0 321566~pRpR
+0 0.3984567238456~pRpR
+1 1~pRpR
+1 1287469297356~pRpR
+1 0.2395672438567234~pRpR
+1 237586239856.0293596728392360~pRpR
+1249687284356 3027949207835207~pRpR
+378617298617396719 35748521~pRpR
+9348576237845624358 0.9857829375461~pRpR
+35768293846193284 2374568947.045762839567823~pRpR
+_78987234567812345 876542837618936~pRpR
+_356789237555535468 0.3375273860984786903~pRpR
+_5203475364850390 435742903748307.70869378534043296404530458~pRpR
+_0.37861723347576903 7385770896~pRpR
+_0.399454682043962 0.34824389304~pRpR
+_0.6920414523873204 356489645223.76076045304879030~pRpR
+_35872917389671.7573280963748 73924708~pRpR
+_78375896314.4836709876983 0.78356798637817~pRpR
+_2374123896417.143789621437581 347821469423789.1473856783960~pRpR
+_896729350238549726 _34976289345762~pRpR
+_2374568293458762348596 _0.8792370647234987679~pRpR
+_237584692306721845726038 _21783910782374529637.978102738746189024761~pRpR
+_0.23457980123576298375682 _1375486293874612~pRpR
+_0.173897061862478951264 _0.8179327486017634987516298745~pRpR
+_0.9186739823576829347586 _0.235678293458756239846~pRpR
+_0.9375896183746982374568 _13784962873546.0928729395476283745~pRpR
+_2930754618923467.12323745862937465 _734869238465~pRpR
+_23745861923467.874675129834675 _0.23542357869124756~pRpR
+_3878923750692883.7238596702834756902 _7384192674957215364986723.9738461923487621983~pRpR
+1 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000002346728372937352457354204563027~pRpR
+0k
+0 1~pRpR
+0 321566~pRpR
+0 0.3984567238456~pRpR
+1 1~pRpR
+1 1287469297356~pRpR
+1 0.2395672438567234~pRpR
+1 237586239856.0293596728392360~pRpR
+1249687284356 3027949207835207~pRpR
+378617298617396719 35748521~pRpR
+9348576237845624358 0.9857829375461~pRpR
+35768293846193284 2374568947.045762839567823~pRpR
+_78987234567812345 876542837618936~pRpR
+_356789237555535468 0.3375273860984786903~pRpR
+_5203475364850390 435742903748307.70869378534043296404530458~pRpR
+_0.37861723347576903 7385770896~pRpR
+_0.399454682043962 0.34824389304~pRpR
+_0.6920414523873204 356489645223.76076045304879030~pRpR
+_35872917389671.7573280963748 73924708~pRpR
+_78375896314.4836709876983 0.78356798637817~pRpR
+_2374123896417.143789621437581 347821469423789.1473856783960~pRpR
+_896729350238549726 _34976289345762~pRpR
+_2374568293458762348596 _0.8792370647234987679~pRpR
+_237584692306721845726038 _21783910782374529637.978102738746189024761~pRpR
+_0.23457980123576298375682 _1375486293874612~pRpR
+_0.173897061862478951264 _0.8179327486017634987516298745~pRpR
+_0.9186739823576829347586 _0.235678293458756239846~pRpR
+_0.9375896183746982374568 _13784962873546.0928729395476283745~pRpR
+_2930754618923467.12323745862937465 _734869238465~pRpR
+_23745861923467.874675129834675 _0.23542357869124756~pRpR
+_3878923750692883.7238596702834756902 _7384192674957215364986723.9738461923487621983~pRpR
+1 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000002346728372937352457354204563027~pRpR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/divmod.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/engineering.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/engineering.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/engineering.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+1o
+0pR
+1pR
+_34pR
+298pR
+_8933pR
+29488pR
+_148232pR
+8927559pR
+.2pR
+_.02pR
+.002pR
+_.0003pR
+.0000209310pR
+_.00000289362pR
+.000000859289pR
+_.02983672pR
+.20201296pR
+_.8907210897000000000000000000pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/engineering.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/01.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/01.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/01.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[[aotsnheau
+'t,.h]
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/01.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/02.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/02.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/02.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+0 R
+2 1
+1 0+pRpp
+34.x
+[lip0+si10]ip1+pR
+0 1 1++pR
+1 1+p?
+1 0+pRpp
+34.x
+[lip0+si10}ip1+si30li<L]sL0sJlLx
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/02.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/03.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/03.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/03.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+0 lip1-si0l0+234sx_9lq+pR 34.x
+[li170LLdp1+s+sX10lM<L]sL0sJlLx
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/03.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/04.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/04.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/04.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+zp198202389.289374p1+pR
+0 1 1+kpR
+1 1+pR
+1 0IpR
+2 9+iR
+037 483+pR
+999 999+pR
+237467456283846vpR
+.0000000ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddsdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddsdddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd/ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddfddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddcdddddddddddd96723895687456283846vpR
+.0
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/04.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/05.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/05.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/05.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+04604462921702348sx_928374892.28937syzpRlxlq+pR
+34.x
+[li1702348sxLLLLLL928374892.28937sLLL]sL0sJlLx
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/05.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/06.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/06.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/06.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+00Q;pd69 p d9S16+00I;pd69Q2 0^pR
+1O392RQ2 1^pR
+1361345237859627#8sM[lip1-si0li!<LeM]^L1OsilLx
+[[Done!]pR]SM^lip1-si0li!=LesL1L;0silLx
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/06.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/07.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/07.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/07.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+1 0 1|dR
+1 [lipL]SL10sildR
+1 [lipL]sL10|Lx
+[
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/07.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/08.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/08.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/08.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+0 2+p[lip1-si0li!=L^di>L]SL98silLx
+i
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/08.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/09.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/09.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/09.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#! /dc
+0sm[Nx]0sm[]zsWx[li]zsGx[Nx]0sm[]zsdc
+0sm[Nx]0sm[]zsWx[li]zsGx[Nx]0sm[]zsW#! /bin/dc
+0sm[Nx]0s_[]zsWx[li]zs^x[lili100>Nx]0sm[]zsWx[liNx]zsxx[li;rlilix]
+x[liN]zsWx[liNx]zsxx[li;rlilix]
+x[liNzsxx#! /bin/dc
+*sm[Nx]0sm[]zsWx[li]zsGx[Nx]0sm[]zsdc
+0sm[Nx]0sm[]zsWx[li]zsGx[Nx]0sm[]x]zsxx#! /bin/dc
+*sm[Nx]0sm[]zsWx[li]zsGx[Nx]0sm[]zsdc
+0sm[Nx]0sm[]zsWx[li]zsGx[Nx]0sm[]zsW#! /bipR
+00?00pR0.0pR
+.0000p0000000000000;0000000000.0pR
+.0000p00.000000;00000500000.0pR
+.0000p0000000000?00pR0.0pR
+.0000p0000000000000;0000000000.0pR
+.0000p00.000000;00000500000.0pR
+.0000p00000000000000000000000000000000000000000d000.0pR
+.0000p000000000000000000000000R
+.0000p02730pR
+00000pR0.0pR
+.0000p0000000000000000000000R
+.0000p00pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/09.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/10.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/10.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/10.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#! /dc
+0sm[Nx]0sm[]zsWx[li]zsGx[Nfvfff[]zsm[]zsWx[li]zsPx[Nx]0sm[]zsdc
+0sm[Nx]0sm[]x[li]zsGx[Nx]0sm[]zsdc
+0sm[Nx]0sm[]zsWx[li]zsGx[Nx]0sm[]zsdc
+0sm[Nx]0sm[]zsWx[li]zsGx[Nx]0sm[]zsW#! /bin/dc
+0sm[Nx]0s_[]zsWx[li]zs^x[lili100>Nx]0sm[]zsWx[liNx]zsxx[li;rlilix]
+x[liNx]zsxx#! /bin/dc
+0sm[Nx]0sm[]zsWx[li]zsPx[Nxx]0sm[]x[li]zsGx[Nx]0sm[]zsdc
+0sm[Nx]0sm[]zsWx[li]zsGx[Nx]0sm[]zsW#!sdc
+0sm[Nx]0sm[]zsWx[li]zsGx[Nx]0sm[]zsW#! /bin/dc
+0sm[Nx]0s_@]zsWx[li]zs^x[lili100>Nx]0sm[]zsWx[liNx]zsxx[li;rlilix]
+x[liNx]zsxx#! /bin/dc
+0sm[Nx]0sm[]zsWx[li]zsPx[Nx]0sm[]zsdc
+0sm[Nx]0sm[]x[li]zsGx[Nx]0sm[]zsdc
+0sm[Nx]0sm[]zsWx[li]zsGx[Nx]0sm[]zsW#! /bin/dc
+0sm[Nx]0s_[]zsWx[li]zs^x[lili100>Nx]0sm[]zsWx[liNx]zsxx[li;rlilix]
+x[liNx]zsxx#! /bin/dc
+0sm[Nx]0sm[]zsWx[li]zsPx[Nx]0sm[]zsdc
+0sm[Nx]0sm[]z…Wx[li]zsGd[Nx]0sm[]zsWx[li]zsGx[Nx]0sm[]zsW#! /Wx[li]zs^x[Nx]0s_[]zsWx[li]zs^x[lili100>Nx]0sm[]zs]0sm[]zsdc
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/10.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/11.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/11.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/11.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#! /bin/dc
+[[Done!]aa]sM[lip1-si0li>LeM]sL10silLx
+[[Done!]pR]sM[]sL10silLx
+[R]sM[lip=`eM]sL;Lx
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/11.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/12.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/12.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/12.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+1;'9R 0si[lid1+silv14l*rliP+{Kla1;0>xli1+sililiSi1+sili14li?-si0!>x]li1162 2346dvdddd;ddddddddddddd?-sdddddddddd0+ddd 1+pR
+0dvdddd;ddSddddddddddd 0si[lid1+sil1sili14li?-si]dsxx[li;00!>x]li1162 2346dvddddddddddddddddddddddddd0 0+ddd 1+pR
+0 0 0+ddddvdddd;ddddddddddddddddddddddd;9R
+0!0 0+ddd 1+pR
+0
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/12.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/13.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/13.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/13.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+zp198[Oelln, Wor\W!]pppppppppppppppR
+_1 _1(pR
+_1 _2(pR
+2 1{pR
+_1 1{pR 999+pR
+2374623 324869356734856+pR
+2378639084aaaaaaaaaaaaaaxaaaaaaaaaaaaaaR
+3729836720397239510836791082346529K084561329084561390845613409516734503870691837451 78562139198467134908618723249671349062187346898241093486139046139084613490817356023871869102746999999061872609129847+pR
+1.1 0+pR
+0 1.1+pR
+457283.731284923576 37842934672834.3874629385672354+pR
+1.0 0.1+pR
+3746289134067138046 0.138375863945R72398456712389456273486293+pR
+_1 _1+pR
+_4 _15+pR
+_1346782 _1287904651762468913476+pR
+99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999N9 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000ßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßß000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001+pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/13.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/14.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/14.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/14.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+0bpR
+1bpR
+.218933bpR
+138963.9873645bpR
+_19bpR
+_.1298376bpR
+_3892173.289375bpR:
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/14.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/15.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/15.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/15.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+0bpax1bpR
+1bpR
+.218933b987pR
+_19bp/98
+_38_.1/19bp38_.1/98
+_38921.1/98/98
+_38_.1/98
+_38921.1/98
+98
+_38921.1/98
+73.289 75bpu
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/15.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/16.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/16.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/16.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+0 0;^dddddRps.R@s.16dddRRd^2ddRZ(b-P;;$p;;;;;;9;;;;;;$ppppppppppppp33
+_
+1 0+pR
+2 5+pR
+)37 =8M+p[
+999 999+ÿR
+237
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/16.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/17.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/17.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/17.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+0 1(pR
+1;;;;;pR
+1
+0 18d[963.9873R
+0 1894^666666696666666666PH66R]sM[liv1-si0li!<LpR
+_1 0{pR
+_1 _1{pR
+_1 f2872917389671.7573280963748_13784962873546.09287293954765~pRpR
+_23745861923467.874675129834675 _0.23542357869124756~pRpR
+_3878923750692883.7238596702834756902 _7384192674957215364986723.973F461923487621983~pRpR23873204 356489645223.76076045304879030~pRpR
+_35872917389671.75732809637
+1 0.071.75732809637
+1 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000234672x37293735888888888888888888888888888888$88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888488888888<8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888884986723.973F461923487621983~pRpR23873204 356489645223.76076045304879030~pRpR
+_35872917389671.75732809637
+1 0.071.75732809637
+1 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000234672837293735888888888888888888888888888888$88888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888488888888<888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888S8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888Z888888888888
+_14pR
+=398NpR
+_2983
+48895 5067C 2i>LeM]sL1@silLx
+[[
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/17.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/18.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/18.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/18.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+1o VVf[li;WORli1S/Zli1;rORli1dH|2li@d-NliO+rK28729@9547628O745/pR
+_29307546189299999999999999999999999999999999999995 0.00000000000000000000000000009999999999999999999+99$9999999999.999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999995 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000R0000000000000000000000000000000000000+0000000000000000-0000000000000000000005+pR
+99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.999999999999999999999.99999999999999999999999999999999999999999900000000000000000000000R0000000000000000000000000000000000000+0000000000000000-0000000000000000000005+pR999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000C0020P00000000000000000000000000000000000007fli1+7fli1+si;d7dli1+si;r=Rls1d:Mli +i100>x]dsxx[l!Wxr>x]dsxx[p!Wx]li17396719 00000000001+pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/18.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/20.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/20.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/20.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!rpR
+I21PPrP PPPP PPsPdaP1:bpR
+ PPPPdPP1d:bpRR
+I21PPrP PPPP PPsPdaP1:bpR
+ PPPPdPP asrp#! asrpR
+I21;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;PPPPdPP1d:bpRR
+I21PPrP PPPP PPsPdaP1:bpR
+ PPPPdPP asrp#! asrpR
+I21;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;2;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;Y;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;>;;;;;;;;;;;;2;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;Y;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/20.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/21.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/21.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/21.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+0bpR
+1bpR
+.218933bpR
+138963.9873645bpR
+S19bpR
+_.1298376bpR
+_3892173.289375bpR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/21.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/22.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/22.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/22.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+[Hello, World!]ZpR
+[HepR
+[Hello, \[ World!]pR
+[Hello, \] World!]ZpR
+[Hello, \] World!]pR
+[30pR]
+f29pR]
+[28pR]
+[27pR]
+[26pR]
+[25pR]
+[24pR]
+[23pR]
+[22pR]
+[21pR]
+[20pR]
+[19pR]
+[18pR]
+[17pR]
+[16pR]
+[15pR]
+[14pR]
+[13pR]
+[12pR]
+[11pR]
+[10pR]
+[9pR]
+[8pR]
+[7pR]
+[6pR]
+[5pR]
+[4pR]
+[3pR]
+[2pR]
+[1pR]
+[xz0<x]dsxx
+[\
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/22.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/23.txt
===================================================================
Cannot display: file marked as a binary type.
svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/23.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+application/octet-stream
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/24.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/24.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/24.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ [] 0:xX:i 0:iX:in/dc.873C45}pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/24.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/25.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/25.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/25.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#! /bin/dc
+0si[lid:rli1;rd:rli1;rpRli1+sili10>x]dsxx0sx0si
+1 2
+si[lid:rli1;rd:rli1;rpRli1+sili10>x]dsxx0sx0si
+1 2
+ÿ€
+
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/25.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/26.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/26.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/26.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+0bpR
+1bp0
+.23bpR
+138963.9873645bpR
+_19bpR
+_.1298[li;i;rpRli1+sili10>x]dsxx0sx0si
+1 2+p+p
+3+p
+4+p
+5+p
+6+p
+7+p
+8+p
+9+p
+10+p
+11+p
+12+p
+13+p
+14+p
+15+p
+16+p
+17+p
+18+p
+19+p
+20+p
+21+0+p
+71+o
+72+p
+73+p
+74+p
+75+p
+22+p
+23+p
+24+p
+25+p
+26+p
+27+p
+28+p
+29+p
+30+p
+31+p
+32+p
+33+p
+34+p
+35+p
+36+p
+37+p
+38+p
+39+p
+40+1+p
+42+p
+43+p
+44+p
+45+p
+46+p
+47+p
+48+p
+49+p
+50+p
+51+p
+52+p
+53+p
+54+p
+55+p
+56+p
+57+p
+58+p
+59+p
+60+p
+61+p
+60bpR
+1bp0
+.23bpR
+138963.9873645bpR
+_19bpR
+_.1298[li;i;rpRli1+sili10>x]dsxx0sx0si
+1 2+p+p
+3+p
+4+p
+5+p
+6+p
+7+p
+8+p
+9+p
+10+p
+11+p
+12+p
+13+p
+14+p
+15+p
+16+p
+17+p
+18+p
+19+p
+20+p
+21+0+p
+71+o
+72+p
+73+p
+74+p
+75+p
+22+p
+23+p
+24+p
+25+p
+26+p
+27+p
+28+p
+29+p
+30+p
+31+p
+32+p
+33+p
+34+p
+35+p
+36+p
+37+p
+38+p
+39+p
+40+1+p
+42+p
+43+p
+44+p
+45+p
+46+p
+47+p
+48+p
+49+p
+50+p
+51+p
+52+p
+53+p
+54+p
+55+p
+56+p
+57+p
+58+p
+59+p
+60+p
+61+p
+62+p
+63+p
+64+p
+65+p
+66+p
+67
+73+p
+74+p
+75+p
+76+p
+77+p
+78+p
+79+p
+80+p
+È1+p
+82+p
+83+p
+84+p
+85+pç86+p
+87+p
+88+p
+89+p
+90+p
+91+p
+92+p
+93+p
+94+p
+95+p
+96+p
+97+p
+98+p
+99+p
+100+p
+101+p
+102+p
+103+p
+104+p
+105+p
+106+p
+107+p
+108+p
+109–––––––––––––––––––––––––––3+p2+p
+63+p
+64+p
+65+p
+66+p
+67
+73+p
+74+p
+75+p
+76+p
+77+p
+78+p
+79+pþ80+p
+81+p
+82+p
+83+p
+84+p
+85+pç86+p
+87+p
+88+p
+89+p
+90+p
+91+p
+92+p
+93+p
+94+p
+95+p
+96+p
+97+p
+98+p
+99+p
+100+p
+101+p
+102+p
+103+p
+304+p
+105+p
+106+p
+107+p
+108+p
+109–––––––––––––––––––––––––––3+p
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/26.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/27.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/27.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/27.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+" 1(pR,129bp\
+
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/27.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/28.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/28.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/28.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+15 4%0:i [2nd] 1:b 0;C p 1;b0:b [2nd] 1:b 0;b p 1;b~~~b 0;b p 1;b~~~0k
+1
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/28.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/29.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/29.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/29.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+15 4%0:b [2nd] 1:b 0;b 1;b X
+ 27239 1%pR
+3460:b [2nd] 1:b 0;b p bpR
+.2 1%pR
+6 4%pR
+15 4%0:b [2nd] 1:b 0;b p 1;b X
+ 27239 1%pR
+b 0;b p 1;b2
+1bpb [2nd] 1:u 0;b p 1;b X
+ 2
+[1st] 0:b [2nd] 1:b 0;b p S;b p
+[string]XpR
+[3 4^p]silix
+[[[q 1 3+pR]Ú]x]x4 5^pR
+4xpR
+5 112ax 90ax 112ax 82ax
+ pR
+[q\\] pR
+[\\] pR
+92 a pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/29.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/19.txt
===================================================================
Cannot display: file marked as a binary type.
svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors/19.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+application/octet-stream
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/misc.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/misc.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/misc.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+zp198202389.289374pzp[Hello, World!]pzpzpfrfczpfR
+1n1pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/misc.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/modexp.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/modexp.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/modexp.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+0 0 1|pR
+1 0 1|pR
+1 0 2|pR
+0 10 1|pR
+1 293 1|pR
+1 2789365 2|pR
+100 8 7|pR
+10922384 15031007 201|pR
+3346529 189 254|pR
+4113416930 197 14|pR
+7709 5887 111|pR
+5487406 3252 128|pR
+2080527 2279453822 219|pR
+48895 50678 232|pR
+1535808383 2902995144 18|pR
+8437837 2882198 69|pR
+35363 25806 2|pR
+3221177403 1560419989 189|pR
+227 42775 163|pR
+2811398069 37500 173|pR
+15046850 3859895697 195|pR
+15770756 3621999893 119|pR
+6937927 3719297189 183|pR
+12573 43819 209|pR
+42098463 7584603 136|pR
+8656683 1328292415 226|pR
+209 81 157|pR
+141 13317429 26|pR
+809485795 60745 101|pR
+4882 1388217898 38|pR
+750704 78 119|pR
+668879580 2888860497 179|pR
+1152725844 15295742 154|pR
+16160694 8981529 154|pR
+216 102 3|pR
+3691227289 5344109 232|pR
+2195559299 61 222|pR
+2478990626 13007440 30|pR
+45083 44 117|pR
+224 55824 53|pR
+1372700133 89 94|pR
+205 10422 48|pR
+11887 12 73|pR
+5955 24353 114|pR
+1201697310 789722419 6|pR
+56577 231 229|pR
+96 38841 189|pR
+6529661 5636520 209|pR
+11005 15955685 27|pR
+9709 231 132|pR
+59790 1034579699 166|pR
+47892 14536879 79|pR
+48 208 21|pR
+33036 3877 65|pR
+164 6527085 249|pR
+12146850 224 37|pR
+218 16425679 62|pR
+51 27641 95|pR
+3076735605 49154 32|pR
+515652717 4117874315 143|pR
+300672671 720768884 110|pR
+9422066 206 5|pR
+43 97 13|pR
+545174510 65319 126|pR
+3317462730 704990271 51|pR
+47316 23231 202|pR
+7236571 4379567 106|pR
+2584584521 2459274189 29|pR
+61562 5035178 178|pR
+65302 112 151|pR
+63040 2168854052 213|pR
+9039611 2370306559 62|pR
+16414384 1020652061 83|pR
+7491 3853569905 172|pR
+1180322494 46670 84|pR
+3823343557 3865107254 127|pR
+6240872 55335 39|pR
+2281401897 1098411 251|pR
+61 2949190429 231|pR
+8981024 162 43|pR
+1 3568883218 212|pR
+4217100969 3471787779 8|pR
+3232237 13 243|pR
+29280 3972452706 100|pR
+13077 6431923 216|pR
+104 3098510775 140|pR
+9503298 174 242|pR
+3424695712 12184 23|pR
+184 15066347 151|pR
+2935856 14003205 184|pR
+1386637762 2128151420 71|pR
+154 11960656 12|pR
+743976432 4004778779 136|pR
+3909160595 3575680922 21|pR
+26133 3580 147|pR
+409154 170 68|pR
+149 55629 40|pR
+5753 13776176 32|pR
+3831447473 658273178 98|pR
+1527252003 2300622 207|pR
+3363824553 8244645 215|pR
+20 145 101|pR
+4005077294 2196555621 94|pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/modexp.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/modulus_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/modulus_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/modulus_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+.00000000000000002026
+2747189239559.46904933397471305894
+0
+0
+-.00000000000011057855
+-.00076922992566770712
+-.00000000000050364144
+0
+0
+0
+.00000000000000000002
+0
+0
+0
+.00000000070585524350
+.00000000000000002898
+0
+0
+0
+-.00000000000000000002
+-.00000000000000000005
+0
+-.00000000000000000002
+-.00000000000000011722
+-.00000002640923745817
+0
+0
+0
+3
+1
+3
+0
+8758
+3496723859067234
+0
+0
+-8236960
+-1274852934765
+-140529951
+0
+0
+0
+2
+1
+0
+4
+89237423
+6692
+0
+0
+0
+-2
+-6
+0
+-1
+-14016
+-127849612
+-626616737
+-899510228.00000
+-153.1331732059
+.4
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/modulus_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/negate_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/negate_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/negate_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+-1
+-2
+-129837.218092
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/negate_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/power_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/power_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/power_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+1
+0
+0
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+2
+18927361346
+.23523785962738592635777
+328956734869213746.89782398457234
+16473742664221279051571200630760751138799221376964991600670000200609\
+08006052596520320731708604393844468006290371918262741885989163144389\
+39367835091560809036359941703341471396407660150658436796925310445979\
+21333166245765946557344383284626113908419359990042883048537750217279\
+17481980123593363177308481941550382845381799410533956718500484099889\
+610805653325917409549921909941664118421333562129
+0
+43287877285033571298394739716218787350087163435619825150259705419.98\
+016445740928054425
+1.00000000000000000000
+.50000000000000000000
+.10000000000000000000
+.00000000146255543348
+.00000000002592041867
+1.00000000000000000000
+.00000000000000011102
+0
+-1
+1
+-2
+4
+14997322375665265051328725757939209353051902095893907150382724666290\
+49749481660976421019742616298227588464420182758442163654172400528243\
+00885441207762486233574213374503090372518590691583139696652847404883\
+08573912261119588874308960204159666762789603037188471170006223907416\
+60492840269152716750700089148882139254399347568222390231015487895905\
+73727080561379177721440905866857248917982113340543176658480139248897\
+54802503253413282808814063861470711399810899724515727713334909764746\
+27910290211411231279325882505708287941671508154740003122373284699097\
+78346501539634198926772266511968381368929692275950529960923432771985\
+12597189390708050983487158873301681237787429436264801751664042999180\
+3448659818912436089
+11478830555358864333472551120140548480416206583184496764727387456058\
+792742209537931243951391229607936
+-.00000000000000017759
+-2067373624686414405470850679965010694114490999957199847684803894306\
+56243666149296582304582679590231948238805965642713928910384741502707\
+.23224479257866798694
+11606078892843496082360561256965139908586179418605021706789617179085\
+85768049299693425729565480314913006780973928345684673490252494674985\
+0186164225375953066263609289359900615361965737717208159874390.293769\
+70206344604971
+-1.00000000000000000000
+1.00000000000000000000
+-.50000000000000000000
+.25000000000000000000
+0
+0
+-.00000000000002874159
+-1945134149489344891879057554905782841936258356736314337975569799825\
+94091939572752348215929683891336730843553721422164737465108229034947\
+87333189564755763444242676978610321731298729194092653999616928308494\
+26419468484566422775668903315088810746121307679948574976162519479931\
+18935243698160094347216562490000767121041786977792546155155934655909\
+14123833869470494708767968978717730012864171105540029928688274136791\
+98175053824022144065005509214813689232148489884560100200475909009813\
+340098100705258138.98542904577525702068
+0
+0
+0
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/power_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/rand.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/rand.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/rand.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+J ss ' sr lr " st ls j ' lr GpR lr " lt GpR W W GpR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/rand.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scientific.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scientific.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scientific.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+0e0pR
+0e1pR
+0e5pR
+0e_2pR
+0e_100pR
+1e0pR
+_1e1pR
+1e9pR
+_1e21pR
+1e_1pR
+_1e_2pR
+1e_5pR
+4.92837e5pR
+_3.28971028e20pR
+6.2e3pR
+_8.289371e2pR
+5.9817280937e8pR
+_3.28977e_1pR
+8.8927891e_20pR
+_7.98239e_4pR
+4.4892e_4pR
+_18937e0pR
+198273e10pR
+_18927e_4pR
+28937e_5pR
+_891072e_7pR
+.28972e0pR
+_.891273e_1pR
+.8928397e1pR
+_.0002983172e5pR
+.00022e3pR
+_.00022e4pR
+.0000328937e8pR
+0o
+0pR
+1pR
+10pR
+_289pR
+2894pR
+_89434pR
+894370pR
+_1239839pR
+28931708pR
+_8052098.8029731809pR
+.1pR
+_.01pR
+.001pR
+_.00038pR
+.0000483pR
+_.0002894378190pR
+.2893712083pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scientific.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scientific_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scientific_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scientific_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1
+-10
+1000000000
+-1000000000000000000000
+.1
+-.01
+.00001
+492837
+-328971028000000000000
+6200
+-828.9371
+598172809.37
+-.328977
+.000000000000000000088927891
+-.000798239
+.00044892
+-18937
+1982730000000000
+-1.8927
+.28937
+-.0891072
+.28972
+-.0891273
+8.928397
+-29.83172
+.22
+-2.2
+3289.37
+0
+1e0
+1.0e1
+-2.89e2
+2.894e3
+-8.9434e4
+8.94370e5
+-1.239839e6
+2.8931708e7
+-8.0520988029731809e6
+1e-1
+-1e-2
+1e-3
+-3.8e-4
+4.83e-5
+-2.894378190e-4
+2.893712083e-1
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scientific_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/array.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/array.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/array.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+99
+98
+97
+96
+95
+94
+93
+92
+91
+90
+89
+88
+87
+86
+85
+84
+83
+82
+81
+80
+79
+78
+77
+76
+75
+74
+73
+72
+71
+70
+69
+68
+67
+66
+65
+64
+63
+62
+61
+60
+59
+58
+57
+56
+55
+54
+53
+52
+51
+50
+49
+48
+47
+46
+45
+44
+43
+42
+41
+40
+39
+38
+37
+36
+35
+34
+33
+32
+31
+30
+29
+28
+27
+26
+25
+24
+23
+22
+21
+20
+19
+18
+17
+16
+15
+14
+13
+12
+11
+10
+9
+8
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+16
+17
+18
+19
+20
+21
+22
+23
+24
+25
+26
+27
+28
+29
+30
+31
+32
+33
+34
+35
+36
+37
+38
+39
+40
+41
+42
+43
+44
+45
+46
+47
+48
+49
+50
+51
+52
+53
+54
+55
+56
+57
+58
+59
+60
+61
+62
+63
+64
+65
+66
+67
+68
+69
+70
+71
+72
+73
+74
+75
+76
+77
+78
+79
+80
+81
+82
+83
+84
+85
+86
+87
+88
+89
+90
+91
+92
+93
+94
+95
+96
+97
+98
+99
+0
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/array.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/else.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/else.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/else.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+10
+9
+8
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
+Done!
+10
+9
+8
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
+0
+Done!
+10
+9
+8
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
+Done!
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/else.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/factorial.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/factorial.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/factorial.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+1
+2
+6
+24
+120
+720
+5040
+40320
+362880
+3628800
+39916800
+479001600
+6227020800
+87178291200
+1307674368000
+20922789888000
+355687428096000
+6402373705728000
+121645100408832000
+2432902008176640000
+51090942171709440000
+1124000727777607680000
+25852016738884976640000
+620448401733239439360000
+15511210043330985984000000
+403291461126605635584000000
+10888869450418352160768000000
+304888344611713860501504000000
+8841761993739701954543616000000
+265252859812191058636308480000000
+8222838654177922817725562880000000
+263130836933693530167218012160000000
+8683317618811886495518194401280000000
+295232799039604140847618609643520000000
+10333147966386144929666651337523200000000
+371993326789901217467999448150835200000000
+13763753091226345046315979581580902400000000
+523022617466601111760007224100074291200000000
+20397882081197443358640281739902897356800000000
+815915283247897734345611269596115894272000000000
+33452526613163807108170062053440751665152000000000
+1405006117752879898543142606244511569936384000000000
+60415263063373835637355132068513997507264512000000000
+2658271574788448768043625811014615890319638528000000000
+119622220865480194561963161495657715064383733760000000000
+5502622159812088949850305428800254892961651752960000000000
+258623241511168180642964355153611979969197632389120000000000
+12413915592536072670862289047373375038521486354677760000000000
+608281864034267560872252163321295376887552831379210240000000000
+30414093201713378043612608166064768844377641568960512000000000000
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/factorial.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/loop.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/loop.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/loop.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+10
+9
+8
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/loop.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/weird.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/weird.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/weird.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+0
+198202389.289374
+2
+2
+0
+2
+198202389.289374
+0
+2
+0
+198202389.289374
+0
+4
+4
+2
+0
+198202389.289374
+0
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/weird.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/array.dc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/array.dc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/array.dc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#! /usr/bin/dc
+0si[lid:rli1+sili100>x]dsxxli1-si[li;rpRli1-sili0!>x]dsxxli1+si[li;rpRli1+sili100>x]dsxx
+0 0:a 1 1:a 2 2:a 0;a 1;a 2;a |pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/array.dc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/asciify.dc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/asciify.dc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/asciify.dc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#! /usr/bin/dc
+# To compare:
+# cmp -l .log_dc.txt .log_dc_test.txt | gawk '{printf "%08X %02X %02X\n", $1, strtonum(0$2), strtonum(0$3)}'
+_48apR
+20k
+1 1%aR
+0si[liapRlid1+sili65536>x]ddsxapRx
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/asciify.dc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/asciify.txt
===================================================================
Cannot display: file marked as a binary type.
svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/asciify.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+application/octet-stream
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/else.dc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/else.dc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/else.dc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#! /usr/bin/dc
+[[Done!]pR]sM[lip1-si0li>LeM]sL10silLx
+[[Done!]pR]sM[lip1-si0li!<LeM]sL10silLx
+[[Done!]pR]sM[lip1-si0li!=LeM]sL10silLx
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/else.dc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/factorial.dc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/factorial.dc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/factorial.dc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#! /usr/bin/dc
+[lb1+dsb*plb50>x]sx
+0sb1
+lxx
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/factorial.dc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/loop.dc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/loop.dc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/loop.dc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#! /usr/bin/dc
+[lip1-si0li>L]sL10silLx
+[lip1+si10li<L]sL0silLx
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/loop.dc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/prime.dc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/prime.dc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/prime.dc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0k2p3p[dl!d2+s!%0=@l!l^!<#]s#[s/0ds^]s@[p]s&[ddvs^3s!l# x0<&2+d100000>.]ds.x
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/prime.dc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/quit.dc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/quit.dc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/quit.dc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+1se [li p 1+si le li !=lem]sl [lk p 1+sk le lk !=o]so [0sk lox leQ 0sk lox le 3*1+Q 0sk lox]sm [0si llx le 1+se 10 le !=n]dsnx
+1si [li p 1+si 10 li !=set]ss [1000Q]st lsx
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/quit.dc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/quit.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/quit.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/quit.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+0
+0
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+1
+2
+0
+1
+2
+0
+1
+2
+3
+0
+1
+2
+3
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/quit.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/stream.dc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/stream.dc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/stream.dc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0si[liPlid1+sili65536>x]ddsxPx
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/stream.dc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/weird.dc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/weird.dc (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/weird.dc (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#! /usr/bin/dc
+zp198202389.289374pzp[He World!]SzpzXfrfxzpfR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/scripts/weird.dc
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/sqrt.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/sqrt.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/sqrt.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+20k
+0vpR
+2vpR
+4vpR
+9vpR
+16vpR
+25vpR
+121vpR
+48765vpR
+9287356207356vpR
+0.189274385967238956872354vpR
+12389467137496823.134567829387456283946vpR
+.0000000000000000000000000000123vpR
+1vpR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/sqrt.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/stdin.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/stdin.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/stdin.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1005 @@
+0si[lid:rli1+sili10>x]dsxxli1-si[li;rpRli1-sili0!>x]dsxxli1+si[li;rpRli1+sili10>x]dsxx0sx0si
+1 2+p
+[foo]
+0
+1+p
+2+p
+3+p
+4+p
+5+p
+6+p
+7+p
+8+p
+9+p
+10+p
+11+p
+12+p
+13+p
+14+p
+15+p
+16+p
+17+p
+18+p
+19+p
+20+p
+21+p
+22+p
+23+p
+24+p
+25+p
+26+p
+27+p
+28+p
+29+p
+30+p
+31+p
+32+p
+33+p
+34+p
+35+p
+36+p
+37+p
+38+p
+39+p
+40+p
+41+p
+42+p
+43+p
+44+p
+45+p
+46+p
+47+p
+48+p
+49+p
+50+p
+51+p
+52+p
+53+p
+54+p
+55+p
+56+p
+57+p
+58+p
+59+p
+60+p
+61+p
+62+p
+63+p
+64+p
+65+p
+66+p
+67+p
+68+p
+69+p
+70+p
+71+p
+72+p
+73+p
+74+p
+75+p
+76+p
+77+p
+78+p
+79+p
+80+p
+81+p
+82+p
+83+p
+84+p
+85+p
+86+p
+87+p
+88+p
+89+p
+90+p
+91+p
+92+p
+93+p
+94+p
+95+p
+96+p
+97+p
+98+p
+99+p
+100+p
+101+p
+102+p
+103+p
+104+p
+105+p
+106+p
+107+p
+108+p
+109+p
+110+p
+111+p
+112+p
+113+p
+114+p
+115+p
+116+p
+117+p
+118+p
+119+p
+120+p
+121+p
+122+p
+123+p
+124+p
+125+p
+126+p
+127+p
+128+p
+129+p
+130+p
+131+p
+132+p
+133+p
+134+p
+135+p
+136+p
+137+p
+138+p
+139+p
+140+p
+141+p
+142+p
+143+p
+144+p
+145+p
+146+p
+147+p
+148+p
+149+p
+150+p
+151+p
+152+p
+153+p
+154+p
+155+p
+156+p
+157+p
+158+p
+159+p
+160+p
+161+p
+162+p
+163+p
+164+p
+165+p
+166+p
+167+p
+168+p
+169+p
+170+p
+171+p
+172+p
+173+p
+174+p
+175+p
+176+p
+177+p
+178+p
+179+p
+180+p
+181+p
+182+p
+183+p
+184+p
+185+p
+186+p
+187+p
+188+p
+189+p
+190+p
+191+p
+192+p
+193+p
+194+p
+195+p
+196+p
+197+p
+198+p
+199+p
+200+p
+201+p
+202+p
+203+p
+204+p
+205+p
+206+p
+207+p
+208+p
+209+p
+210+p
+211+p
+212+p
+213+p
+214+p
+215+p
+216+p
+217+p
+218+p
+219+p
+220+p
+221+p
+222+p
+223+p
+224+p
+225+p
+226+p
+227+p
+228+p
+229+p
+230+p
+231+p
+232+p
+233+p
+234+p
+235+p
+236+p
+237+p
+238+p
+239+p
+240+p
+241+p
+242+p
+243+p
+244+p
+245+p
+246+p
+247+p
+248+p
+249+p
+250+p
+251+p
+252+p
+253+p
+254+p
+255+p
+256+p
+257+p
+258+p
+259+p
+260+p
+261+p
+262+p
+263+p
+264+p
+265+p
+266+p
+267+p
+268+p
+269+p
+270+p
+271+p
+272+p
+273+p
+274+p
+275+p
+276+p
+277+p
+278+p
+279+p
+280+p
+281+p
+282+p
+283+p
+284+p
+285+p
+286+p
+287+p
+288+p
+289+p
+290+p
+291+p
+292+p
+293+p
+294+p
+295+p
+296+p
+297+p
+298+p
+299+p
+300+p
+301+p
+302+p
+303+p
+304+p
+305+p
+306+p
+307+p
+308+p
+309+p
+310+p
+311+p
+312+p
+313+p
+314+p
+315+p
+316+p
+317+p
+318+p
+319+p
+320+p
+321+p
+322+p
+323+p
+324+p
+325+p
+326+p
+327+p
+328+p
+329+p
+330+p
+331+p
+332+p
+333+p
+334+p
+335+p
+336+p
+337+p
+338+p
+339+p
+340+p
+341+p
+342+p
+343+p
+344+p
+345+p
+346+p
+347+p
+348+p
+349+p
+350+p
+351+p
+352+p
+353+p
+354+p
+355+p
+356+p
+357+p
+358+p
+359+p
+360+p
+361+p
+362+p
+363+p
+364+p
+365+p
+366+p
+367+p
+368+p
+369+p
+370+p
+371+p
+372+p
+373+p
+374+p
+375+p
+376+p
+377+p
+378+p
+379+p
+380+p
+381+p
+382+p
+383+p
+384+p
+385+p
+386+p
+387+p
+388+p
+389+p
+390+p
+391+p
+392+p
+393+p
+394+p
+395+p
+396+p
+397+p
+398+p
+399+p
+400+p
+401+p
+402+p
+403+p
+404+p
+405+p
+406+p
+407+p
+408+p
+409+p
+410+p
+411+p
+412+p
+413+p
+414+p
+415+p
+416+p
+417+p
+418+p
+419+p
+420+p
+421+p
+422+p
+423+p
+424+p
+425+p
+426+p
+427+p
+428+p
+429+p
+430+p
+431+p
+432+p
+433+p
+434+p
+435+p
+436+p
+437+p
+438+p
+439+p
+440+p
+441+p
+442+p
+443+p
+444+p
+445+p
+446+p
+447+p
+448+p
+449+p
+450+p
+451+p
+452+p
+453+p
+454+p
+455+p
+456+p
+457+p
+458+p
+459+p
+460+p
+461+p
+462+p
+463+p
+464+p
+465+p
+466+p
+467+p
+468+p
+469+p
+470+p
+471+p
+472+p
+473+p
+474+p
+475+p
+476+p
+477+p
+478+p
+479+p
+480+p
+481+p
+482+p
+483+p
+484+p
+485+p
+486+p
+487+p
+488+p
+489+p
+490+p
+491+p
+492+p
+493+p
+494+p
+495+p
+496+p
+497+p
+498+p
+499+p
+500+p
+501+p
+502+p
+503+p
+504+p
+505+p
+506+p
+507+p
+508+p
+509+p
+510+p
+511+p
+512+p
+513+p
+514+p
+515+p
+516+p
+517+p
+518+p
+519+p
+520+p
+521+p
+522+p
+523+p
+524+p
+525+p
+526+p
+527+p
+528+p
+529+p
+530+p
+531+p
+532+p
+533+p
+534+p
+535+p
+536+p
+537+p
+538+p
+539+p
+540+p
+541+p
+542+p
+543+p
+544+p
+545+p
+546+p
+547+p
+548+p
+549+p
+550+p
+551+p
+552+p
+553+p
+554+p
+555+p
+556+p
+557+p
+558+p
+559+p
+560+p
+561+p
+562+p
+563+p
+564+p
+565+p
+566+p
+567+p
+568+p
+569+p
+570+p
+571+p
+572+p
+573+p
+574+p
+575+p
+576+p
+577+p
+578+p
+579+p
+580+p
+581+p
+582+p
+583+p
+584+p
+585+p
+586+p
+587+p
+588+p
+589+p
+590+p
+591+p
+592+p
+593+p
+594+p
+595+p
+596+p
+597+p
+598+p
+599+p
+600+p
+601+p
+602+p
+603+p
+604+p
+605+p
+606+p
+607+p
+608+p
+609+p
+610+p
+611+p
+612+p
+613+p
+614+p
+615+p
+616+p
+617+p
+618+p
+619+p
+620+p
+621+p
+622+p
+623+p
+624+p
+625+p
+626+p
+627+p
+628+p
+629+p
+630+p
+631+p
+632+p
+633+p
+634+p
+635+p
+636+p
+637+p
+638+p
+639+p
+640+p
+641+p
+642+p
+643+p
+644+p
+645+p
+646+p
+647+p
+648+p
+649+p
+650+p
+651+p
+652+p
+653+p
+654+p
+655+p
+656+p
+657+p
+658+p
+659+p
+660+p
+661+p
+662+p
+663+p
+664+p
+665+p
+666+p
+667+p
+668+p
+669+p
+670+p
+671+p
+672+p
+673+p
+674+p
+675+p
+676+p
+677+p
+678+p
+679+p
+680+p
+681+p
+682+p
+683+p
+684+p
+685+p
+686+p
+687+p
+688+p
+689+p
+690+p
+691+p
+692+p
+693+p
+694+p
+695+p
+696+p
+697+p
+698+p
+699+p
+700+p
+701+p
+702+p
+703+p
+704+p
+705+p
+706+p
+707+p
+708+p
+709+p
+710+p
+711+p
+712+p
+713+p
+714+p
+715+p
+716+p
+717+p
+718+p
+719+p
+720+p
+721+p
+722+p
+723+p
+724+p
+725+p
+726+p
+727+p
+728+p
+729+p
+730+p
+731+p
+732+p
+733+p
+734+p
+735+p
+736+p
+737+p
+738+p
+739+p
+740+p
+741+p
+742+p
+743+p
+744+p
+745+p
+746+p
+747+p
+748+p
+749+p
+750+p
+751+p
+752+p
+753+p
+754+p
+755+p
+756+p
+757+p
+758+p
+759+p
+760+p
+761+p
+762+p
+763+p
+764+p
+765+p
+766+p
+767+p
+768+p
+769+p
+770+p
+771+p
+772+p
+773+p
+774+p
+775+p
+776+p
+777+p
+778+p
+779+p
+780+p
+781+p
+782+p
+783+p
+784+p
+785+p
+786+p
+787+p
+788+p
+789+p
+790+p
+791+p
+792+p
+793+p
+794+p
+795+p
+796+p
+797+p
+798+p
+799+p
+800+p
+801+p
+802+p
+803+p
+804+p
+805+p
+806+p
+807+p
+808+p
+809+p
+810+p
+811+p
+812+p
+813+p
+814+p
+815+p
+816+p
+817+p
+818+p
+819+p
+820+p
+821+p
+822+p
+823+p
+824+p
+825+p
+826+p
+827+p
+828+p
+829+p
+830+p
+831+p
+832+p
+833+p
+834+p
+835+p
+836+p
+837+p
+838+p
+839+p
+840+p
+841+p
+842+p
+843+p
+844+p
+845+p
+846+p
+847+p
+848+p
+849+p
+850+p
+851+p
+852+p
+853+p
+854+p
+855+p
+856+p
+857+p
+858+p
+859+p
+860+p
+861+p
+862+p
+863+p
+864+p
+865+p
+866+p
+867+p
+868+p
+869+p
+870+p
+871+p
+872+p
+873+p
+874+p
+875+p
+876+p
+877+p
+878+p
+879+p
+880+p
+881+p
+882+p
+883+p
+884+p
+885+p
+886+p
+887+p
+888+p
+889+p
+890+p
+891+p
+892+p
+893+p
+894+p
+895+p
+896+p
+897+p
+898+p
+899+p
+900+p
+901+p
+902+p
+903+p
+904+p
+905+p
+906+p
+907+p
+908+p
+909+p
+910+p
+911+p
+912+p
+913+p
+914+p
+915+p
+916+p
+917+p
+918+p
+919+p
+920+p
+921+p
+922+p
+923+p
+924+p
+925+p
+926+p
+927+p
+928+p
+929+p
+930+p
+931+p
+932+p
+933+p
+934+p
+935+p
+936+p
+937+p
+938+p
+939+p
+940+p
+941+p
+942+p
+943+p
+944+p
+945+p
+946+p
+947+p
+948+p
+949+p
+950+p
+951+p
+952+p
+953+p
+954+p
+955+p
+956+p
+957+p
+958+p
+959+p
+960+p
+961+p
+962+p
+963+p
+964+p
+965+p
+966+p
+967+p
+968+p
+969+p
+970+p
+971+p
+972+p
+973+p
+974+p
+975+p
+976+p
+977+p
+978+p
+979+p
+980+p
+981+p
+982+p
+983+p
+984+p
+985+p
+986+p
+987+p
+988+p
+989+p
+990+p
+991+p
+992+p
+993+p
+994+p
+995+p
+996+p
+997+p
+998+p
+999+p
+1000+p
+p
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/stdin.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/strings.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/strings.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/strings.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+[Hello, World!]ZpR
+[Hello, World!]pR
+[Hello, \[ World!]ZpR
+[Hello, \[ World!]pR
+[Hello, \] World!]ZpR
+[Hello, \] World!]pR
+[30pR]
+[29pR]
+[28pR]
+[27pR]
+[26pR]
+[25pR]
+[24pR]
+[23pR]
+[22pR]
+[21pR]
+[20pR]
+[19pR]
+[18pR]
+[17pR]
+[16pR]
+[15pR]
+[14pR]
+[13pR]
+[12pR]
+[11pR]
+[10pR]
+[9pR]
+[8pR]
+[7pR]
+[6pR]
+[5pR]
+[4pR]
+[3pR]
+[2pR]
+[1pR]
+[xz0<x]dsxx
+[\\]pR
+[\[\]]pR
+1xpR
+[1st] 0:b [2nd] 1:b 0;b p 1;b p
+[string]XpR
+[3 4^pR]silix
+[[[q 1 3+pR]x]x]x4 5^pR
+4xpR
+5 112ax 90ax 112ax 82ax
+[\q] pR
+[q\\] pR
+[\\] pR
+92 a pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/strings.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/subtract.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/subtract.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/subtract.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+0 0-pR
+0 1-pR
+1 0-pR
+1 1-pR
+5 2-pR
+2 9-pR
+321974 12845976238457-pR
+2874519803456710938465 384723854-pR
+10000000000000000000000000000000000000000 999999999999999999999999999999999999999-pR
+10000000000000000000000000000000000000000 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999-pR
+10000000000000000000000000000000000000000 999999999999999999999999999999999999999.99999999999999999999999999999999999-pR
+10000000000000000000000000000000000000000 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999.9999999999999999999999999999999999-pR
+10000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001-pR
+10000000000000000000000000000000000000001 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001-pR
+10000000000000000000000000000000000000000.0000000001 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001-pR
+_2 6-pR
+_23784692345 182934721309467230894628735496027345-pR
+_224352354962873059862 _1245723576829456278354960278345-pR
+_3468273598 _12354243-pR
+_0.92345768293 _2354768923-pR
+_712384634.123476823 _24768293376-pR
+_1879234638 _0.917234869234-pR
+_0.9172438692134 _0.971284967124-pR
+_0.1283475123465 _0.937462346-pR
+_124765829346.2837468293562 _0.923467829346-pR
+_12476829385769 _1928476259034.8378629356-pR
+_0.38476284395876345 _94875394587623.2357869324857-pR
+_4674596708467.34754789403674343567 _48672394852354698.237548629345-pR
+979519669 3018100865-pR
+929002449 3280677283-pR
+0 _525898-pR
+3 _3-pR
+2 _1 2893714 _2189367411289 _.8921374 3.9201384----pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/subtract.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/trunc_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/trunc_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/trunc_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+0
+1
+2
+0
+1
+2
+28937
+2890
+-1
+-1
+-9812387
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/trunc_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/stdin_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/stdin_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/stdin_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,1022 @@
+9
+8
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
+0
+0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+3
+1
+3
+6
+10
+15
+21
+28
+36
+45
+55
+66
+78
+91
+105
+120
+136
+153
+171
+190
+210
+231
+253
+276
+300
+325
+351
+378
+406
+435
+465
+496
+528
+561
+595
+630
+666
+703
+741
+780
+820
+861
+903
+946
+990
+1035
+1081
+1128
+1176
+1225
+1275
+1326
+1378
+1431
+1485
+1540
+1596
+1653
+1711
+1770
+1830
+1891
+1953
+2016
+2080
+2145
+2211
+2278
+2346
+2415
+2485
+2556
+2628
+2701
+2775
+2850
+2926
+3003
+3081
+3160
+3240
+3321
+3403
+3486
+3570
+3655
+3741
+3828
+3916
+4005
+4095
+4186
+4278
+4371
+4465
+4560
+4656
+4753
+4851
+4950
+5050
+5151
+5253
+5356
+5460
+5565
+5671
+5778
+5886
+5995
+6105
+6216
+6328
+6441
+6555
+6670
+6786
+6903
+7021
+7140
+7260
+7381
+7503
+7626
+7750
+7875
+8001
+8128
+8256
+8385
+8515
+8646
+8778
+8911
+9045
+9180
+9316
+9453
+9591
+9730
+9870
+10011
+10153
+10296
+10440
+10585
+10731
+10878
+11026
+11175
+11325
+11476
+11628
+11781
+11935
+12090
+12246
+12403
+12561
+12720
+12880
+13041
+13203
+13366
+13530
+13695
+13861
+14028
+14196
+14365
+14535
+14706
+14878
+15051
+15225
+15400
+15576
+15753
+15931
+16110
+16290
+16471
+16653
+16836
+17020
+17205
+17391
+17578
+17766
+17955
+18145
+18336
+18528
+18721
+18915
+19110
+19306
+19503
+19701
+19900
+20100
+20301
+20503
+20706
+20910
+21115
+21321
+21528
+21736
+21945
+22155
+22366
+22578
+22791
+23005
+23220
+23436
+23653
+23871
+24090
+24310
+24531
+24753
+24976
+25200
+25425
+25651
+25878
+26106
+26335
+26565
+26796
+27028
+27261
+27495
+27730
+27966
+28203
+28441
+28680
+28920
+29161
+29403
+29646
+29890
+30135
+30381
+30628
+30876
+31125
+31375
+31626
+31878
+32131
+32385
+32640
+32896
+33153
+33411
+33670
+33930
+34191
+34453
+34716
+34980
+35245
+35511
+35778
+36046
+36315
+36585
+36856
+37128
+37401
+37675
+37950
+38226
+38503
+38781
+39060
+39340
+39621
+39903
+40186
+40470
+40755
+41041
+41328
+41616
+41905
+42195
+42486
+42778
+43071
+43365
+43660
+43956
+44253
+44551
+44850
+45150
+45451
+45753
+46056
+46360
+46665
+46971
+47278
+47586
+47895
+48205
+48516
+48828
+49141
+49455
+49770
+50086
+50403
+50721
+51040
+51360
+51681
+52003
+52326
+52650
+52975
+53301
+53628
+53956
+54285
+54615
+54946
+55278
+55611
+55945
+56280
+56616
+56953
+57291
+57630
+57970
+58311
+58653
+58996
+59340
+59685
+60031
+60378
+60726
+61075
+61425
+61776
+62128
+62481
+62835
+63190
+63546
+63903
+64261
+64620
+64980
+65341
+65703
+66066
+66430
+66795
+67161
+67528
+67896
+68265
+68635
+69006
+69378
+69751
+70125
+70500
+70876
+71253
+71631
+72010
+72390
+72771
+73153
+73536
+73920
+74305
+74691
+75078
+75466
+75855
+76245
+76636
+77028
+77421
+77815
+78210
+78606
+79003
+79401
+79800
+80200
+80601
+81003
+81406
+81810
+82215
+82621
+83028
+83436
+83845
+84255
+84666
+85078
+85491
+85905
+86320
+86736
+87153
+87571
+87990
+88410
+88831
+89253
+89676
+90100
+90525
+90951
+91378
+91806
+92235
+92665
+93096
+93528
+93961
+94395
+94830
+95266
+95703
+96141
+96580
+97020
+97461
+97903
+98346
+98790
+99235
+99681
+100128
+100576
+101025
+101475
+101926
+102378
+102831
+103285
+103740
+104196
+104653
+105111
+105570
+106030
+106491
+106953
+107416
+107880
+108345
+108811
+109278
+109746
+110215
+110685
+111156
+111628
+112101
+112575
+113050
+113526
+114003
+114481
+114960
+115440
+115921
+116403
+116886
+117370
+117855
+118341
+118828
+119316
+119805
+120295
+120786
+121278
+121771
+122265
+122760
+123256
+123753
+124251
+124750
+125250
+125751
+126253
+126756
+127260
+127765
+128271
+128778
+129286
+129795
+130305
+130816
+131328
+131841
+132355
+132870
+133386
+133903
+134421
+134940
+135460
+135981
+136503
+137026
+137550
+138075
+138601
+139128
+139656
+140185
+140715
+141246
+141778
+142311
+142845
+143380
+143916
+144453
+144991
+145530
+146070
+146611
+147153
+147696
+148240
+148785
+149331
+149878
+150426
+150975
+151525
+152076
+152628
+153181
+153735
+154290
+154846
+155403
+155961
+156520
+157080
+157641
+158203
+158766
+159330
+159895
+160461
+161028
+161596
+162165
+162735
+163306
+163878
+164451
+165025
+165600
+166176
+166753
+167331
+167910
+168490
+169071
+169653
+170236
+170820
+171405
+171991
+172578
+173166
+173755
+174345
+174936
+175528
+176121
+176715
+177310
+177906
+178503
+179101
+179700
+180300
+180901
+181503
+182106
+182710
+183315
+183921
+184528
+185136
+185745
+186355
+186966
+187578
+188191
+188805
+189420
+190036
+190653
+191271
+191890
+192510
+193131
+193753
+194376
+195000
+195625
+196251
+196878
+197506
+198135
+198765
+199396
+200028
+200661
+201295
+201930
+202566
+203203
+203841
+204480
+205120
+205761
+206403
+207046
+207690
+208335
+208981
+209628
+210276
+210925
+211575
+212226
+212878
+213531
+214185
+214840
+215496
+216153
+216811
+217470
+218130
+218791
+219453
+220116
+220780
+221445
+222111
+222778
+223446
+224115
+224785
+225456
+226128
+226801
+227475
+228150
+228826
+229503
+230181
+230860
+231540
+232221
+232903
+233586
+234270
+234955
+235641
+236328
+237016
+237705
+238395
+239086
+239778
+240471
+241165
+241860
+242556
+243253
+243951
+244650
+245350
+246051
+246753
+247456
+248160
+248865
+249571
+250278
+250986
+251695
+252405
+253116
+253828
+254541
+255255
+255970
+256686
+257403
+258121
+258840
+259560
+260281
+261003
+261726
+262450
+263175
+263901
+264628
+265356
+266085
+266815
+267546
+268278
+269011
+269745
+270480
+271216
+271953
+272691
+273430
+274170
+274911
+275653
+276396
+277140
+277885
+278631
+279378
+280126
+280875
+281625
+282376
+283128
+283881
+284635
+285390
+286146
+286903
+287661
+288420
+289180
+289941
+290703
+291466
+292230
+292995
+293761
+294528
+295296
+296065
+296835
+297606
+298378
+299151
+299925
+300700
+301476
+302253
+303031
+303810
+304590
+305371
+306153
+306936
+307720
+308505
+309291
+310078
+310866
+311655
+312445
+313236
+314028
+314821
+315615
+316410
+317206
+318003
+318801
+319600
+320400
+321201
+322003
+322806
+323610
+324415
+325221
+326028
+326836
+327645
+328455
+329266
+330078
+330891
+331705
+332520
+333336
+334153
+334971
+335790
+336610
+337431
+338253
+339076
+339900
+340725
+341551
+342378
+343206
+344035
+344865
+345696
+346528
+347361
+348195
+349030
+349866
+350703
+351541
+352380
+353220
+354061
+354903
+355746
+356590
+357435
+358281
+359128
+359976
+360825
+361675
+362526
+363378
+364231
+365085
+365940
+366796
+367653
+368511
+369370
+370230
+371091
+371953
+372816
+373680
+374545
+375411
+376278
+377146
+378015
+378885
+379756
+380628
+381501
+382375
+383250
+384126
+385003
+385881
+386760
+387640
+388521
+389403
+390286
+391170
+392055
+392941
+393828
+394716
+395605
+396495
+397386
+398278
+399171
+400065
+400960
+401856
+402753
+403651
+404550
+405450
+406351
+407253
+408156
+409060
+409965
+410871
+411778
+412686
+413595
+414505
+415416
+416328
+417241
+418155
+419070
+419986
+420903
+421821
+422740
+423660
+424581
+425503
+426426
+427350
+428275
+429201
+430128
+431056
+431985
+432915
+433846
+434778
+435711
+436645
+437580
+438516
+439453
+440391
+441330
+442270
+443211
+444153
+445096
+446040
+446985
+447931
+448878
+449826
+450775
+451725
+452676
+453628
+454581
+455535
+456490
+457446
+458403
+459361
+460320
+461280
+462241
+463203
+464166
+465130
+466095
+467061
+468028
+468996
+469965
+470935
+471906
+472878
+473851
+474825
+475800
+476776
+477753
+478731
+479710
+480690
+481671
+482653
+483636
+484620
+485605
+486591
+487578
+488566
+489555
+490545
+491536
+492528
+493521
+494515
+495510
+496506
+497503
+498501
+499500
+500500
+500500
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/stdin_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/abs.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/abs.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/abs.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+0bpR
+1bpR
+.218933bpR
+138963.9873645bpR
+_19bpR
+_.1298376bpR
+_3892173.289375bpR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/abs.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/add.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/add.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/add.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+0 0+pR
+0 0 0++pR
+0 1+pR
+0 1 1++pR
+1 1+pR
+1 0+pR
+2 5+pR
+237 483+pR
+999 999+pR
+2374623 324869356734856+pR
+2378639084586723980562 23468729367839+pR
+37298367203972395108367910823465293084561329084561390845613409516734503870691837451 785621394067928346918023476190834672198467134908618723249671349062187346898241093486139046139084613490817356023871869102746182749061872609129847+pR
+1.1 0+pR
+0 1.1+pR
+457283.731284923576 37842934672834.3874629385672354+pR
+1.0 0.1+pR
+3746289134067138046 0.138375863945672398456712389456273486293+pR
+_1 _1+pR
+_4 _15+pR
+_1346782 _1287904651762468913476+pR
+99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001+pR
+99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999995 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005+pR
+99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001+pR
+99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999.999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999899999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001+pR
+99999999999999999999999999999999999989999999999999999999999.999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001+pR
+_1889985797 2012747315+pR
+0 _14338.391079082+pR
+_2422297 1.3134942556+pR
+_1289374 1289374.2893417 0.238971 28937.28971+++pR
+1289374 1289374.2893417 _0.238971 28937.28971+++pR
+1289374 1289374.2893417 0.238971 _28937.28971+++pR
+1289374 1289374.2893417 _0.238971 _28937.28971+++pR
+1289374 _1289374.2893417 _0.238971 _28937.28971+++pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/add.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/all.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/all.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/all.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+decimal
+add
+subtract
+multiply
+divide
+modulus
+divmod
+power
+sqrt
+modexp
+boolean
+negate
+trunc
+places
+shift
+abs
+scientific
+engineering
+vars
+misc
+strings
+rand
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/all.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/boolean.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/boolean.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/boolean.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+0 1(pR
+1 1(pR
+2 1(pR
+_1 1(pR
+_1 0(pR
+_1 _1(pR
+_1 _2(pR
+0 1{pR
+1 1{pR
+2 1{pR
+_1 1{pR
+_1 0{pR
+_1 _1{pR
+_1 _2{pR
+0 1)pR
+1 1)pR
+2 1)pR
+_1 1)pR
+_1 0)pR
+_1 _1)pR
+_1 _2)pR
+0 1}pR
+1 1}pR
+2 1}pR
+_1 1}pR
+_1 0}pR
+_1 _1}pR
+_1 _2}pR
+0 0GpR
+0 1GpR
+1 0GpR
+_1 _1GpR
+0 _1GpR
+_1 0GpR
+1 1GpR
+238 2GpR
+0NpR
+1NpR
+_1NpR
+2398NpR
+_2983.2389NpR
+0 0MpR
+1 0MpR
+0 1MpR
+1 1MpR
+128973240 0MpR
+0 2893712MpR
+1982 28937MpR
+_2938 0MpR
+0 _1023.298037MpR
+0.283917 0MpR
+2389 _1208.28937MpR
+0 289.289372MpR
+_298.29387 0MpR
+_2983.28973 82937MpR
+0 _2938.320837MpR
+_2089.2308 0MpR
+_0.2893 _2938.28973MpR
+0.00000 1892MpR
+1289.023 .0000MpR
+0 0mpR
+1 0mpR
+0 1mpR
+1 1mpR
+128973240 0mpR
+0 2893712mpR
+1982 28937mpR
+_2938 0mpR
+0 _1023.298037mpR
+0.283917 0mpR
+2389 _1208.28937mpR
+0 289.289372mpR
+_298.29387 0mpR
+_2983.28973 82937mpR
+0 _2938.320837mpR
+_2089.2308 0mpR
+_0.2893 _2938.28973mpR
+0.00000 1892mpR
+1289.023 .0000mpR
+0.0000 .00000mpR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/boolean.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/boolean_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/boolean_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/boolean_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+0
+1
+0
+1
+1
+0
+0
+1
+1
+1
+0
+0
+1
+1
+0
+0
+1
+1
+0
+1
+1
+1
+0
+1
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+1
+0
+1
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+1
+0
+0
+0
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
+0
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/boolean_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/decimal.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/decimal.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/decimal.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+0pR
+0.0pR
+.0000pR
+000000000000000000000000.00000000000000000000000pR
+000000000000000000000000000135482346782356pR
+000000000000000000000000002pR
+1pR
+11pR
+123pR
+7505pR
+1023468723275435238491972521917846pR
+4343472432431705867392073517038270398027352709027389273920739037937960379637893607893607893670530278200795207952702873892786172916728961783907893607418973587857386079679267926737520730925372983782793652793pR
+_1pR
+_203pR
+_57pR
+_18586pR
+_31378682943772818461924738352952347258pR
+_823945628745673589495067238723986520375698237620834674509627345273096287563846592384526349872634895763257893467523987578690283762897568459072348758071071087813501875908127359018715023841710239872301387278pR
+.123521346523546pR
+0.1245923756273856pR
+_.1024678456387pR
+_0.8735863475634587pR
+4.0pR
+_6.0pR
+234237468293576.000000000000000000000000000000pR
+23987623568943567.00000000000000000005677834650000000000000pR
+23856934568940675.000000000000000435676782300000000000000456784pR
+77567648698496.000000000000000000587674750000000000458563800000000000000pR
+2348672354968723.2374823546000000000003256987394502346892435623870000000034578pR
+_2354768.000000000000000000000000000000000000pR
+_96739874567.000000000347683456pR
+_3764568345.000000000004573845000000347683460pR
+_356784356.934568495770004586495678300000000pR
+74325437345273852773827101738273127312738521733017537073520735207307570358738257390761276072160719802671980267018728630178.7082681027680521760217867841276127681270867827821768173178207830710978017738178678012767377058785378278207385237085237803278203782037237582795870pR
+_756752732785273851273728537852738257837283678965738527385272983678372867327835672967385278372637862738627836279863782673862783670.71738178361738718367186378610738617836781603760178367018603760178107735278372832783728367826738627836278378260736270367362073867097307925pR
+9812734012837410982345719208345712908357412903587192048571920458712.23957182459817249058172945781pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/decimal.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/divide.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/divide.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/divide.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+20k
+0 1/pR
+0 321566/pR
+0 0.3984567238456/pR
+1 1/pR
+1 1287469297356/pR
+1 0.2395672438567234/pR
+1 237586239856.0293596728392360/pR
+1249687284356 3027949207835207/pR
+378617298617396719 35748521/pR
+9348576237845624358 0.9857829375461/pR
+35768293846193284 2374568947.045762839567823/pR
+_78987234567812345 876542837618936/pR
+_356789237555535468 0.3375273860984786903/pR
+_5203475364850390 435742903748307.70869378534043296404530458/pR
+_0.37861723347576903 7385770896/pR
+_0.399454682043962 0.34824389304/pR
+_0.6920414523873204 356489645223.76076045304879030/pR
+_35872917389671.7573280963748 73924708/pR
+_78375896314.4836709876983 0.78356798637817/pR
+_2374123896417.143789621437581 347821469423789.1473856783960/pR
+_896729350238549726 _34976289345762/pR
+_2374568293458762348596 _0.8792370647234987679/pR
+_237584692306721845726038 _21783910782374529637.978102738746189024761/pR
+_0.23457980123576298375682 _1375486293874612/pR
+_0.173897061862478951264 _0.8179327486017634987516298745/pR
+_0.9186739823576829347586 _0.235678293458756239846/pR
+_0.9375896183746982374568 _13784962873546.0928729395476283745/pR
+_2930754618923467.12323745862937465 _734869238465/pR
+_23745861923467.874675129834675 _0.23542357869124756/pR
+_3878923750692883.7238596702834756902 _7384192674957215364986723.9738461923487621983/pR
+1 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000002346728372937352457354204563027/pR
+239854711289345712 2891374 182 .2893 ///pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/divide.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/divide_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/divide_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/divide_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+0
+0
+0
+1.00000000000000000000
+.00000000000077671755
+4.17419336592637110778
+.00000000000420899796
+.00041271738677857404
+10591131829.40901859967857131767
+9483402361494453751.52388015648196297248
+15063068.13735316451497043884
+-90.11223545260531110575
+-1057067521778623447.45138528213564485251
+-11.94161814246320631346
+-.00000000005126306228
+-1.14705437777218917343
+-.00000000000194126663
+-485262.88923145638029569727
+-100024372711.74763635544535424582
+-.00682569681609989277
+25638.20711150436682153521
+2700714504347599627864.24626421085374010264
+10906.42973524078145692731
+.00000000000000017054
+.21260557443109085166
+3.89799997647407910677
+.00000000000006801538
+3988.13076601933678578945
+100864416620775.31076855630746548983
+.00000000052530099381
+42612515855353136519261264261472677699404182.78776061098893912189
+52187553294928.31582417732156163799
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/divide_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/divmod_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/divmod_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/divmod_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1.00000000000000000000
+.00000000165742620220
+.00000000000077671755
+.000000000000000000000404744340951948
+4.17419336592637110778
+.000000001121901731436913388268041440
+.00000000000420899796
+.00000053204123177372
+.00041271738677857404
+.00000000000027633393
+10591131829.40901859967857131767
+.000000000000000000008615446968672
+9483402361494453751.52388015648196297248
+.00000000001477790730322167374655468
+15063068.13735316451497043884
+-.00000456715270151800
+-90.11223545260531110575
+-.000000000000000000002529869118878532347
+-1057067521778623447.45138528213564485251
+-.0000022326265743225222025732006233770753463532
+-11.94161814246320631346
+-.00000000004830962712
+-.00000000005126306228
+-.0000000000000000000013970700728
+-1.14705437777218917343
+-.0000000001738947526290727016287423110
+-.00000000000194126663
+-.00000000000045885284
+-485262.88923145638029569727
+-.0000000000000000000075040663382506
+-100024372711.74763635544535424582
+-.000001609445227594519190694403080
+-.00682569681609989277
+-.00000019041665271998
+25638.20711150436682153521
+-.000000000000000000005200979673140462744
+2700714504347599627864.24626421085374010264
+-.15832010238185026960887316509782343287709
+10906.42973524078145692731
+-.00000436867838665327682
+.00000000000000017054
+-.000000000000000000004322546241638067588696083330
+.21260557443109085166
+-.00000000000000000000103666428264443764258
+3.89799997647407910677
+-.000000130244568783188524951028009600190
+.00000000000006801538
+-.00000000467404345575
+3988.13076601933678578945
+-.0000000000000000000004406586308076852
+100864416620775.31076855630746548983
+-53336.193401942302558132911110799109649707477
+.00000000052530099381
+.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001907\
+266929376630027064745963897
+42612515855353136519261264261472677699404182.78776061098893912189
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+1
+1
+0
+.0417310245731064
+4
+1.0000000000000000
+0
+1249687284356
+0
+14621810
+10591131829
+.5164321195789
+9483402361494453751
+326154559.235716791539036
+15063068
+-98379182108105
+-90
+-.1523548944025685359
+-1057067521778623447
+-410303423619005.20436836125523739550164962
+-11
+-.37861723347576903
+0
+-.051210789003962
+-1
+-.69204145238732040
+0
+-65736175.7573280963748
+-485262
+-.58582391357943
+-100024372711
+-2374123896417.143789621437581
+0
+-7243991903570
+25638
+-.2165246218974912344
+2700714504347599627864
+-9361314145225494248.811531234062495956534
+10906
+-.23457980123576298375682
+0
+-.1738970618624789512640000000
+0
+-.2116391019814142152206
+3
+-.9375896183746982374568
+0
+-96095925047.12323745862937465
+3988
+-.07316224567061600
+100864416620775
+-3878923750692883.7238596702834756902
+0
+.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000184866017689020776005643\
+3621086
+42612515855353136519261264261472677699404182
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/divmod_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/engineering_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/engineering_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/engineering_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+0
+1e0
+-34e0
+298e0
+-8.933e3
+29.488e3
+-148.232e3
+8.927559e6
+200e-3
+-20e-3
+2e-3
+-300e-6
+20.9310e-6
+-2.89362e-6
+859.289e-9
+-29.83672e-3
+202.01296e-3
+-890.7210897000000000000000000e-3
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/engineering_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+p
+P
+x
+R
+d
+r
+1r
+b
+4 100000|
+_
+]
+zp198202389.289374pzp[He World!]xSzpzXfrfxzpfR
+[hello]k
+3 2 0|
+3 0 0|
+3.2 3 1|
+3 3.2 1|
+2 10 34.2|
+2 _10 23|
+3 0~
+0 _251^pR
+.
+@
+0 0< $
+0 0> s e %
+[string]b
+[s][s]+
+[s][s]@
+[s][s]v
+0si 0 1 >i
+?
+?
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/errors.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/misc_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/misc_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/misc_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+0
+198202389.289374
+2
+Hello, World!
+4
+5
+5
+4
+Hello, World!
+2
+198202389.289374
+0
+4
+5
+Hello, World!
+2
+198202389.289374
+0
+0
+0
+11
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/misc_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/modexp_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/modexp_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/modexp_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+1
+1
+1
+0
+0
+1
+4
+74
+1
+0
+98
+0
+72
+1
+1
+1
+1
+108
+36
+52
+65
+8
+181
+22
+7
+123
+93
+21
+17
+20
+1
+108
+58
+22
+0
+105
+161
+16
+40
+15
+45
+25
+64
+69
+0
+225
+27
+1
+22
+73
+92
+38
+15
+16
+173
+33
+32
+21
+25
+109
+71
+1
+4
+62
+15
+90
+29
+5
+40
+84
+40
+53
+8
+31
+64
+44
+14
+13
+145
+1
+1
+1
+76
+0
+189
+104
+192
+9
+119
+56
+45
+4
+32
+16
+135
+4
+29
+1
+49
+0
+128
+6
+18
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/modexp_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/modulus.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/modulus.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/modulus.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+20k
+1 1%pR
+2 1%pR
+16 4%pR
+15 4%pR
+17 4%pR
+2389473 5%pR
+39240687239 1%pR
+346728934 23958%pR
+3496723859067234 298375462837546928347623059375486%pR
+_1 1%pR
+_2 1%pR
+_47589634875689345 37869235%pR
+_1274852934765 2387628935486273546%pR
+_6324758963 237854962%pR
+1 _1%pR
+2 _1%pR
+2 _2%pR
+2 _3%pR
+16 5%pR
+15 5%pR
+14 5%pR
+89237423 _237856923854%pR
+123647238946 _12467%pR
+_1 _1%pR
+_2 _1%pR
+_2 _2%pR
+_2 _3%pR
+_13 _7%pR
+_14 _7%pR
+_15 _7%pR
+_12784956 _32746%pR
+_127849612 _23712347682193%pR
+0k
+1 1%pR
+2 1%pR
+16 4%pR
+15 4%pR
+17 4%pR
+2389473 5%pR
+39240687239 1%pR
+346728934 23958%pR
+3496723859067234 298375462837546928347623059375486%pR
+_1 1%pR
+_2 1%pR
+_47589634875689345 37869235%pR
+_1274852934765 2387628935486273546%pR
+_6324758963 237854962%pR
+1 _1%pR
+2 _1%pR
+2 _2%pR
+2 _3%pR
+16 5%pR
+15 5%pR
+14 5%pR
+89237423 _237856923854%pR
+123647238946 _12467%pR
+_1 _1%pR
+_2 _1%pR
+_2 _2%pR
+_2 _3%pR
+_13 _7%pR
+_14 _7%pR
+_15 _7%pR
+_12784956 _32746%pR
+_127849612 _23712347682193%pR
+_3191280681 641165986%pR
+0k _899510228 _2448300078.40314%pR
+0k _7424863 _207.2609738667%pR
+0k 3769798918 0.6%pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/modulus.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/multiply.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/multiply.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/multiply.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+0k
+0 0*pR
+0.000 0*pR
+1 0*pR
+0 1*pR
+0 2498752389672835476*pR
+873246913745129084576134 0*pR
+1 472638590273489273456*pR
+12374861230476103672835496 1*pR
+1 1*pR
+2 1*pR
+1 2*pR
+2 2*pR
+3 14*pR
+17 8*pR
+1892467513846753 1872439821374591038746*pR
+328962735862.2973546835638947635 1728465791348762356*pR
+38745962374538.387427384672934867234 0.1932476528394672837568923754*pR
+9878894576289457634856.2738627161689017387608947567654 37842939768237596237854203.29874372139852739126739621793162*pR
+_1 1*pR
+_1 2*pR
+78893457 _34876238956*pR
+235678324957634 _0.2349578349672389576*pR
+_12849567821934 12738462937681*pR
+1274861293467.927843682937462 _28935678239*pR
+2936077239872.12937462836 _0.012842357682435762*pR
+2387692387566.2378569237546 _272189345628.123875629835876*pR
+0.012348629356782835962 _23487692356*pR
+0.4768349567348675934 _0.23756834576934857638495*pR
+0.98748395367485962735486 _4675839462354867.376834956738456*pR
+_321784627934586 _235762378596*pR
+_32578623567892356 _0.32567384579638456*pR
+_35768232346876 _2348672935602387620.28375682349576237856*pR
+_0.2356728394765234 _238759624356978*pR
+_0.2345768212346780 _0.235768124697074385948943532045*pR
+_0.370873860736785306278630 _7835678398607.7086378076867096270*pR
+_78365713707.7089637863786730 _738580798679306780*pR
+_73867038956790490258249 _0.7379862716391723672803679*pR
+_378621971598721837710387 _98465373878350798.09743896037963078560*pR
+37164201 2931559660*pR
+679468076118972457796560530571.46287161642138401685 93762.2836*pR
+.000000000000000000000000001 .0000000000000000000000001*pR
+239 289 _98 .8937 _.1893 28937*****pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/multiply.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/multiply_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/multiply_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/multiply_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+0
+472638590273489273456
+12374861230476103672835496
+1
+2
+2
+4
+42
+136
+3543531533584430580556128344529291738
+568600835566479683035874339053.4411638427543228060
+7487566285885.8557453089005171423976251098
+373846412427291014394738378015501363938345620046.7869650248829232267\
+2297002026819
+-1
+-2
+-2751507058396910892
+-55374468980751.0837656919743223184
+-163683743464924630346895054
+-36888976187143312550878.567134791289418
+-37706154097.696628262157533781
+-649904428532907022680241.947918694247541
+-290040807.350385412976669306472
+-.11328089187650139309272
+-4617316439035114.40320367843985107357898
+75864709277486862054521256
+10610005628108234.92015040406042336
+84007879267445533366251128067927.91168012197674537856
+56269158624557.1027018519702852
+.055305737239900889424090264801
+2906048299183.472237078104362540110129
+57879411419313585866282299201.3825582163029400
+54512860676747314187949.9414724679950990587298071
+37281153992026463004361915151761464058058.54968338992209002720
+108949072447731660
+63708478450213482928510139572007971.83536929222529239687
+0
+33137343861.8586
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/multiply_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/negate.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/negate.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/negate.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+1_pR
+2_pR
+129837.218092_pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/negate.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/places.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/places.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/places.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+0 0@pR
+1 0@pR
+2 0@pR
+0.0023896 0@pR
+1.298346 0@pR
+2.00000000 0@pR
+0.0023896 3@pR
+1.298346 4@pR
+2.00000000 5@pR
+289 3@pR
+18.34 6@pR
+_183.1 0@pR
+_23.238 8@pR
+_343.23 2@pR
+_.1897263 0@pR
+.1982365 0@pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/places.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/places_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/places_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/places_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+0
+1
+2
+0
+1
+2
+.002
+1.2983
+2.00000
+289.000
+18.340000
+-183
+-23.23800000
+-343.23
+0
+0
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/places_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/power.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/power.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/power.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+20k
+0 0^pR
+0 1^pR
+0 1894^pR
+1 0^pR
+39746823 0^pR
+0.238672983047682 0^pR
+18394762374689237468.97354862973846 0^pR
+1 1^pR
+2 1^pR
+18927361346 1^pR
+0.23523785962738592635777 1^pR
+328956734869213746.89782398457234 1^pR
+8937 98^pR
+0.124876812394 2396^pR
+93762.2836 13^pR
+1 _1^pR
+2 _1^pR
+10 _1^pR
+683734768 _1^pR
+38579623756.897937568235 _1^pR
+1 _32467^pR
+2 _53^pR
+23897 _213^pR
+_1 1^pR
+_1 2^pR
+_2 1^pR
+_2 2^pR
+_237 294^pR
+_3746 28^pR
+_0.3548 35^pR
+_4267.234 37^pR
+_326.3246 78^pR
+_1 _1^pR
+_1 _2^pR
+_2 _1^pR
+_2 _2^pR
+_237 _293^pR
+_784 _23^pR
+_86 _7^pR
+_0.23424398 _781^pR
+_178.234786 _879^pR
+_1274.346 _768^pR
+_0.2959371298 227^pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/power.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/rand_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/rand_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/rand_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+1
+1
+1
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/rand_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/read.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/read.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/read.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+3 4^pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/read.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/read_errors.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/read_errors.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/read_errors.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+
+?
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/read_errors.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/read_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/read_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/read_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+81
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/read_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/shift.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/shift.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/shift.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+0 0HpR
+1 0HpR
+2 0HpR
+0.0023896 0HpR
+1.298346 0HpR
+2.00000000 0HpR
+0.0023896 3HpR
+1.298346 4HpR
+2.00000000 5HpR
+89136.892348976 7HpR
+1892634051829351283289298 24HpR
+0 0hpR
+1 0hpR
+2 0hpR
+0.0023896 0hpR
+1.298346 0hpR
+2.00000000 0hpR
+0.0023896 3hpR
+1.298346 4hpR
+2.00000000 5hpR
+89136.892348976 7hpR
+1892634051829351283289298 24hpR
+_1 0HpR
+_2 0HpR
+_0.0023896 0HpR
+_1.298346 0HpR
+_2.00000000 0HpR
+_0.0023896 3HpR
+_1.298346 4HpR
+_2.00000000 5HpR
+_89136.892348976 7HpR
+_1892634051829351283289298 24HpR
+_1 0hpR
+_2 0hpR
+_0.0023896 0hpR
+_1.298346 0hpR
+_2.00000000 0hpR
+_0.0023896 3hpR
+_1.298346 4hpR
+_2.00000000 5hpR
+_89136.892348976 7hpR
+_1892634051829351283289298 24hpR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/shift.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/shift_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/shift_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/shift_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+0
+1
+2
+.0023896
+1.298346
+2.00000000
+2.3896
+12983.46
+200000.000
+891368923489.76
+1892634051829351283289298000000000000000000000000
+0
+1
+2
+.0023896
+1.298346
+2.00000000
+.0000023896
+.0001298346
+.0000200000000
+.0089136892348976
+1.892634051829351283289298
+-1
+-2
+-.0023896
+-1.298346
+-2.00000000
+-2.3896
+-12983.46
+-200000.000
+-891368923489.76
+-1892634051829351283289298000000000000000000000000
+-1
+-2
+-.0023896
+-1.298346
+-2.00000000
+-.0000023896
+-.0001298346
+-.0000200000000
+-.0089136892348976
+-1.892634051829351283289298
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/shift_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/sqrt_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/sqrt_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/sqrt_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+0
+1.41421356237309504880
+2.00000000000000000000
+3.00000000000000000000
+4.00000000000000000000
+5.00000000000000000000
+11.00000000000000000000
+220.82798735667542192643
+3047516.39985021245496456781
+.435056761776252544285578
+111307983.260397019622398608908
+.0000000000000035071355833500363
+1.00000000000000000000
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/sqrt_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/strings_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/strings_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/strings_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+13
+Hello, World!
+15
+Hello, [ World!
+15
+Hello, ] World!
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11
+12
+13
+14
+15
+16
+17
+18
+19
+20
+21
+22
+23
+24
+25
+26
+27
+28
+29
+30
+\
+[]
+1
+1st
+2nd
+0
+81
+1024
+4
+5
+1
+q
+q\
+\
+\
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/strings_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/subtract_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/subtract_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/subtract_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+0
+-1
+1
+0
+3
+-7
+-12845975916483
+2874519803456326214611
+9000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+1
+9000000000000000000000000000000000000000.000000000000000000000000000\
+00000001
+.0000000000000000000000000000000001
+9999999999999999999999999999999999999999.999999999999999999999999999\
+99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
+10000000000000000000000000000000000000000.99999999999999999999999999\
+999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
+10000000000000000000000000000000000000000.00000000009999999999999999\
+99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
+-8
+-182934721309467230894628759280719690
+1245723576605103923392087218483
+-3455919355
+2354768922.07654231707
+24055908741.876523177
+-1879234637.082765130766
+.0540410979106
+.8091148336535
+-124765829345.3602790000102
+-10548353126734.1621370644
+94875394587622.85102408852693655
+48667720255646230.89000073530825656433
+-2038581196
+-2351674834
+525898
+6
+-2189370304999.1877242
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/subtract_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/trunc.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/trunc.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/trunc.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+0$pR
+1$pR
+2$pR
+0.8249167203486$pR
+1.28937150237$pR
+2.0$pR
+28937.92837605126$pR
+2890.000000000$pR
+_1$pR
+_1.128973$pR
+_9812387.28910273$pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/trunc.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/vars.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/vars.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/vars.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+298734.8921702348sx_928374892.28937syzpRlxly+pR
+298734.8921702348S xotj _928374892.28937S yotp zpRl xotj l yotp-pRzpR L xotj L yotp-pR
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/vars.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/vars_results.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/vars_results.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/vars_results.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+0
+-928076157.3971997652
+0
+928673627.1815402348
+0
+928673627.1815402348
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/dc/vars_results.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/test.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/test.sh (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/test.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+set -e
+
+script="$0"
+
+testdir=$(dirname "$script")
+
+if [ "$#" -lt 2 ]; then
+ printf 'usage: %s dir test [generate_tests] [time_tests] [exe [args...]]\n' "$0"
+ printf 'valid dirs are:\n'
+ printf '\n'
+ cat "$testdir/all.txt"
+ printf '\n'
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+d="$1"
+shift
+
+t="$1"
+name="$testdir/$d/$t.txt"
+results="$testdir/$d/${t}_results.txt"
+shift
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ generate_tests="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ generate_tests=1
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ time_tests="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ time_tests=0
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ exe="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ exe="$testdir/../bin/$d"
+fi
+
+out="$testdir/../.log_${d}_test.txt"
+
+if [ "$d" = "bc" ]; then
+ options="-lq"
+ var="BC_LINE_LENGTH"
+ halt="halt"
+else
+ options=""
+ var="DC_LINE_LENGTH"
+ halt="q"
+fi
+
+if [ "${exe#*toybox}" != "$exe" -o "${exe#*busybox}" != "$exe" ]; then
+ if [ "$t" = "print2" -o "$t" = "misc4" ]; then
+ base=$(basename "$exe")
+ printf 'Skipping %s test for %s...\n' "$t" "$base"
+ exit 0
+ fi
+fi
+
+if [ ! -f "$name" ]; then
+
+ if [ "$generate_tests" -eq 0 ]; then
+ printf 'Skipping %s %s test\n' "$d" "$t"
+ exit 0
+ fi
+
+ printf 'Generating %s %s...' "$d" "$t"
+ "$testdir/$d/scripts/$t.$d" > "$name"
+ printf 'done\n'
+fi
+
+if [ ! -f "$results" ]; then
+ printf 'Generating %s %s results...' "$d" "$t"
+ printf '%s\n' "$halt" | "$d" $options "$name" > "$results"
+ printf 'done\n'
+fi
+
+if [ "$d" = "dc" ]; then
+ options="-x"
+fi
+
+export $var=string
+
+printf 'Running %s %s...' "$d" "$t"
+
+if [ "$time_tests" -ne 0 ]; then
+ printf '\n'
+ printf '%s\n' "$halt" | /usr/bin/time -p "$exe" "$@" $options "$name" > "$out"
+ printf '\n'
+else
+ printf '%s\n' "$halt" | "$exe" "$@" $options "$name" > "$out"
+fi
+
+diff "$results" "$out"
+
+rm -f "$out"
+
+printf 'pass\n'
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/test.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/all.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/all.sh (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/all.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+set -e
+
+script="$0"
+testdir=$(dirname "$script")
+
+. "$testdir/../functions.sh"
+
+if [ "$#" -ge 1 ]; then
+ d="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ err_exit "usage: $script dir [run_extra_tests] [run_stack_tests] [gen_tests] [time_tests] [exec args...]" 1
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
+ extra=1
+else
+ extra="$1"
+ shift
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
+ run_stack_tests=1
+else
+ run_stack_tests="$1"
+ shift
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
+ generate_tests=1
+else
+ generate_tests="$1"
+ shift
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
+ time_tests=0
+else
+ time_tests="$1"
+ shift
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
+ exe="$testdir/../bin/$d"
+else
+ exe="$1"
+ shift
+fi
+
+stars="***********************************************************************"
+printf '%s\n' "$stars"
+
+if [ "$d" = "bc" ]; then
+ halt="quit"
+else
+ halt="q"
+fi
+
+unset BC_ENV_ARGS
+unset BC_LINE_LENGTH
+unset DC_ENV_ARGS
+unset DC_LINE_LENGTH
+
+printf '\nRunning %s tests...\n\n' "$d"
+
+while read t; do
+
+ if [ "$extra" -eq 0 ]; then
+ if [ "$t" = "trunc" ] || [ "$t" = "places" ] || [ "$t" = "shift" ] || \
+ [ "$t" = "lib2" ] || [ "$t" = "scientific" ] || [ "$t" = "rand" ] || \
+ [ "$t" = "engineering" ]
+ then
+ printf 'Skipping %s %s\n' "$d" "$t"
+ continue
+ fi
+ fi
+
+ sh "$testdir/test.sh" "$d" "$t" "$generate_tests" "$time_tests" "$exe" "$@"
+
+done < "$testdir/$d/all.txt"
+
+sh "$testdir/stdin.sh" "$d" "$exe" "$@"
+
+sh "$testdir/scripts.sh" "$d" "$extra" "$run_stack_tests" "$generate_tests" "$time_tests" "$exe" "$@"
+sh "$testdir/read.sh" "$d" "$exe" "$@"
+sh "$testdir/errors.sh" "$d" "$exe" "$@"
+
+num=100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+numres="$num"
+num70="10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\
+0000000000"
+
+if [ "$d" = "bc" ]; then
+ halt="halt"
+ opt="x"
+ lopt="extended-register"
+ line_var="BC_LINE_LENGTH"
+else
+ halt="q"
+ opt="l"
+ lopt="mathlib"
+ line_var="DC_LINE_LENGTH"
+ num="$num pR"
+fi
+
+printf '\nRunning %s quit test...' "$d"
+
+printf '%s\n' "$halt" | "$exe" "$@" > /dev/null 2>&1
+
+if [ "$d" = bc ]; then
+ printf '%s\n' "quit" | "$exe" "$@" > /dev/null 2>&1
+ two=$("$exe" "$@" -e 1+1 -e quit)
+ if [ "$two" != "2" ]; then
+ err_exit "$d failed a quit test" 1
+ fi
+fi
+
+printf 'pass\n'
+
+base=$(basename "$exe")
+
+if [ "$base" != "bc" -a "$base" != "dc" ]; then
+ exit 0
+fi
+
+printf 'Running %s environment var tests...' "$d"
+
+if [ "$d" = "bc" ]; then
+ export BC_ENV_ARGS=" '-l' '' -q"
+ export BC_EXPR_EXIT="1"
+ printf 's(.02893)\n' | "$exe" "$@" > /dev/null
+ "$exe" -e 4 "$@" > /dev/null
+else
+ export DC_ENV_ARGS="'-x'"
+ export DC_EXPR_EXIT="1"
+ printf '4s stuff\n' | "$exe" "$@" > /dev/null
+ "$exe" -e 4pR "$@" > /dev/null
+fi
+
+printf 'pass\n'
+
+out1="$testdir/../.log_$d.txt"
+out2="$testdir/../.log_${d}_test.txt"
+
+printf 'Running %s line length tests...' "$d"
+
+printf '%s\n' "$numres" > "$out1"
+
+export "$line_var"=80
+printf '%s\n' "$num" | "$exe" "$@" > "$out2"
+
+diff "$out1" "$out2"
+
+printf '%s\n' "$num70" > "$out1"
+
+export "$line_var"=2147483647
+printf '%s\n' "$num" | "$exe" "$@" > "$out2"
+
+diff "$out1" "$out2"
+
+printf 'pass\n'
+
+printf 'Running %s arg tests...' "$d"
+
+f="$testdir/$d/add.txt"
+exprs=$(cat "$f")
+results=$(cat "$testdir/$d/add_results.txt")
+
+printf '%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n' "$results" "$results" "$results" "$results" > "$out1"
+
+"$exe" "$@" -e "$exprs" -f "$f" --expression "$exprs" --file "$f" -e "$halt" > "$out2"
+
+diff "$out1" "$out2"
+
+printf '%s\n' "$halt" | "$exe" "$@" -- "$f" "$f" "$f" "$f" > "$out2"
+
+diff "$out1" "$out2"
+
+if [ "$d" = "bc" ]; then
+ printf '%s\n' "$halt" | "$exe" "$@" -i > /dev/null 2>&1
+fi
+
+printf '%s\n' "$halt" | "$exe" "$@" -h > /dev/null
+printf '%s\n' "$halt" | "$exe" "$@" -P > /dev/null
+printf '%s\n' "$halt" | "$exe" "$@" -v > /dev/null
+printf '%s\n' "$halt" | "$exe" "$@" -V > /dev/null
+
+set +e
+
+"$exe" "$@" -f "saotehasotnehasthistohntnsahxstnhalcrgxgrlpyasxtsaosysxsatnhoy.txt" > /dev/null 2> "$out2"
+err="$?"
+
+checktest "$d" "$err" "invalid file argument" "$out2" "$d"
+
+"$exe" "$@" "-$opt" -e "$exprs" > /dev/null 2> "$out2"
+err="$?"
+
+checktest "$d" "$err" "invalid option argument" "$out2" "$d"
+
+"$exe" "$@" "--$lopt" -e "$exprs" > /dev/null 2> "$out2"
+err="$?"
+
+checktest "$d" "$err" "invalid long option argument" "$out2" "$d"
+
+"$exe" "$@" "-u" -e "$exprs" > /dev/null 2> "$out2"
+err="$?"
+
+checktest "$d" "$err" "unrecognized option argument" "$out2" "$d"
+
+"$exe" "$@" "--uniform" -e "$exprs" > /dev/null 2> "$out2"
+err="$?"
+
+checktest "$d" "$err" "unrecognized long option argument" "$out2" "$d"
+
+"$exe" "$@" -f > /dev/null 2> "$out2"
+err="$?"
+
+checktest "$d" "$err" "missing required argument to short option" "$out2" "$d"
+
+"$exe" "$@" --file > /dev/null 2> "$out2"
+err="$?"
+
+checktest "$d" "$err" "missing required argument to long option" "$out2" "$d"
+
+"$exe" "$@" --version=5 > /dev/null 2> "$out2"
+err="$?"
+
+checktest "$d" "$err" "given argument to long option with no argument" "$out2" "$d"
+
+printf 'pass\n'
+
+printf 'Running %s directory test...' "$d"
+
+"$exe" "$@" "$testdir" > /dev/null 2> "$out2"
+err="$?"
+
+checktest "$d" "$err" "directory" "$out2" "$d"
+
+printf 'pass\n'
+
+printf 'Running %s binary file test...' "$d"
+
+bin="/bin/sh"
+
+"$exe" "$@" "$bin" > /dev/null 2> "$out2"
+err="$?"
+
+checktest "$d" "$err" "binary file" "$out2" "$d"
+
+printf 'pass\n'
+
+printf 'Running %s binary stdin test...' "$d"
+
+cat "$bin" | "$exe" "$@" > /dev/null 2> "$out2"
+err="$?"
+
+checktest "$d" "$err" "binary stdin" "$out2" "$d"
+
+printf 'pass\n'
+
+if [ "$d" = "bc" ]; then
+
+ printf 'Running %s limits tests...' "$d"
+ printf 'limits\n' | "$exe" "$@" > "$out2" /dev/null 2>&1
+
+ if [ ! -s "$out2" ]; then
+ err_exit "$d did not produce output on the limits test" 1
+ fi
+
+ printf 'pass\n'
+
+fi
+
+printf '\nAll %s tests passed.\n' "$d"
+
+printf '\n%s\n' "$stars"
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/all.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/errors.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/errors.sh (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/errors.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+# WARNING: Test files cannot have empty lines!
+
+script="$0"
+testdir=$(dirname "$script")
+
+. "$testdir/../functions.sh"
+
+if [ "$#" -eq 0 ]; then
+ printf 'usage: %s dir [exec args...]\n' "$script"
+ exit 1
+else
+ d="$1"
+ shift
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
+ exe="$testdir/../bin/$d"
+else
+ exe="$1"
+ shift
+fi
+
+out="$testdir/../.log_${d}_test.txt"
+
+exebase=$(basename "$exe")
+
+posix="posix_errors"
+read_errors="read_errors"
+
+if [ "$d" = "bc" ]; then
+ opts="-l"
+ halt="halt"
+ read_call="read()"
+ read_expr="${read_call}\n5+5;"
+else
+ opts="-x"
+ halt="q"
+fi
+
+for testfile in $testdir/$d/*errors.txt; do
+
+ if [ -z "${testfile##*$read_errors*}" ]; then
+ # We don't test read errors here. Skip.
+ continue
+ fi
+
+ if [ -z "${testfile##*$posix*}" ]; then
+
+ line="last"
+ printf '%s\n' "$line" | "$exe" "$@" "-lw" 2> "$out" > /dev/null
+ err="$?"
+
+ if [ "$err" -ne 0 ]; then
+ die "$d" "returned an error ($err)" "POSIX warning" 1
+ fi
+
+ checktest "$d" "1" "$line" "$out" "$exebase"
+
+ options="-ls"
+ else
+ options="$opts"
+ fi
+
+ base=$(basename "$testfile")
+ base="${base%.*}"
+ printf 'Running %s %s...' "$d" "$base"
+
+ while read -r line; do
+
+ rm -f "$out"
+
+ printf '%s\n' "$line" | "$exe" "$@" "$options" 2> "$out" > /dev/null
+ err="$?"
+
+ checktest "$d" "$err" "$line" "$out" "$exebase"
+
+ done < "$testfile"
+
+ printf 'pass\n'
+
+done
+
+for testfile in $testdir/$d/errors/*.txt; do
+
+ printf 'Running %s error file %s...' "$d" "$testfile"
+
+ printf '%s\n' "$halt" | "$exe" "$@" $opts "$testfile" 2> "$out" > /dev/null
+ err="$?"
+
+ checktest "$d" "$err" "$testfile" "$out" "$exebase"
+
+ printf 'pass\n'
+
+ printf 'Running %s error file %s through cat...' "$d" "$testfile"
+
+ cat "$testfile" | "$exe" "$@" $opts 2> "$out" > /dev/null
+ err="$?"
+
+ checkcrash "$d" "$err" "$testfile"
+
+ printf 'pass\n'
+
+done
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/errors.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/radamsa.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/radamsa.sh (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/radamsa.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+getentry() {
+
+ if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then
+ entnum="$1"
+ else
+ entnum=0
+ fi
+
+ e=$(cat -)
+ num=$(printf '%s\n' "$e" | wc -l)
+
+ if [ "$entnum" -eq 0 ]; then
+ rand=$(printf 'irand(%s) + 1\n' "$num" | "$bcdir/bc")
+ else
+ rand="$entnum"
+ fi
+
+ ent=$(printf '%s\n' "$e" | tail -n +$rand | head -n 1)
+
+ printf '%s\n' "$ent"
+}
+
+script="$0"
+
+if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
+ printf 'usage: %s dir\n' "$0"
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+d="$1"
+shift
+
+dir=$(dirname "$script")
+
+. "$dir/../functions.sh"
+
+bcdir="$dir/../bin"
+
+if [ "$d" = "bc" ]; then
+ inputs="$dir/../../inputs"
+ opts="-lq"
+elif [ "$d" = "dc" ]; then
+ inputs="$dir/../../inputs_dc"
+ opts="-x"
+else
+ err_exit "wrong type of executable" 1
+fi
+
+export ASAN_OPTIONS="abort_on_error=1"
+
+entries=$(cat "$dir/radamsa.txt")
+
+IFS=$'\n'
+
+go=1
+
+while [ "$go" -ne 0 ]; do
+
+ if [ "$d" = "bc" ]; then
+
+ entry=$(cat -- "$dir/radamsa.txt" | getentry)
+ items=$(printf '%s\n' "$entry" | radamsa -n 10)
+
+ printf '%s\n' "$items"
+
+ for i in `seq 1 10`; do
+
+ item=$(printf '%s\n' "$items" | getentry "$i")
+
+ export BC_ENV_ARGS="$item"
+ echo 'halt' | "$bcdir/$d"
+ err=$?
+
+ checkcrash "$d" "$err" "radamsa env args: \"$item\""
+ done
+
+ fi
+
+ f=$(ls "$inputs" | getentry)
+ l=$(cat "$inputs/$f" | wc -l)
+ ll=$(printf '%s^2\n' "$l" | bc)
+
+ for i in $(seq 1 2); do
+ data=$(cat "$inputs/$f" | radamsa -n 1)
+ printf '%s\n' "$data" > "$dir/../.log_${d}_test.txt"
+ printf '%s\n' "$data" | timeout -s SIGTERM 5 "$bcdir/$d" "$opts" > /dev/null
+ err=$?
+ checkcrash "$d" "$err" "radamsa stdin"
+ done
+
+done
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/radamsa.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/randmath.py
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/randmath.py (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/randmath.py (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+#! /usr/bin/python3 -B
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+import os, errno
+import random
+import sys
+import subprocess
+
+def gen(limit=4):
+ return random.randint(0, 2 ** (8 * limit))
+
+def negative():
+ return random.randint(0, 1) == 1
+
+def zero():
+ return random.randint(0, 2 ** (8) - 1) == 0
+
+def num(op, neg, real, z, limit=4):
+
+ if z:
+ z = zero()
+ else:
+ z = False
+
+ if z:
+ return 0
+
+ if neg:
+ neg = negative()
+
+ g = gen(limit)
+
+ if real and negative():
+ n = str(gen(25))
+ length = gen(7 / 8)
+ if len(n) < length:
+ n = ("0" * (length - len(n))) + n
+ else:
+ n = "0"
+
+ g = str(g)
+ if n != "0":
+ g = g + "." + n
+
+ if neg and g != "0":
+ if op != modexp:
+ g = "-" + g
+ else:
+ g = "_" + g
+
+ return g
+
+
+def add(test, op):
+
+ tests.append(test)
+ gen_ops.append(op)
+
+def compare(exe, options, p, test, halt, expected, op, do_add=True):
+
+ if p.returncode != 0:
+
+ print(" {} returned an error ({})".format(exe, p.returncode))
+
+ if do_add:
+ print(" adding to checklist...")
+ add(test, op)
+
+ return
+
+ actual = p.stdout.decode()
+
+ if actual != expected:
+
+ if op >= exponent:
+
+ indata = "scale += 10; {}; {}".format(test, halt)
+ args = [ exe, options ]
+ p2 = subprocess.run(args, input=indata.encode(), stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+ expected = p2.stdout[:-10].decode()
+
+ if actual == expected:
+ print(" failed because of bug in other {}".format(exe))
+ print(" continuing...")
+ return
+
+ if do_add:
+ print(" failed; adding to checklist...")
+ add(test, op)
+ else:
+ print(" failed {}".format(test))
+ print(" expected:")
+ print(" {}".format(expected))
+ print(" actual:")
+ print(" {}".format(actual))
+
+
+def gen_test(op):
+
+ scale = num(op, False, False, True, 5 / 8)
+
+ if op < div:
+ s = fmts[op].format(scale, num(op, True, True, True), num(op, True, True, True))
+ elif op == div or op == mod:
+ s = fmts[op].format(scale, num(op, True, True, True), num(op, True, True, False))
+ elif op == power:
+ s = fmts[op].format(scale, num(op, True, True, True, 7 / 8), num(op, True, False, True, 6 / 8))
+ elif op == modexp:
+ s = fmts[op].format(scale, num(op, True, False, True), num(op, True, False, True),
+ num(op, True, False, False))
+ elif op == sqrt:
+ s = "1"
+ while s == "1":
+ s = num(op, False, True, True, 1)
+ s = fmts[op].format(scale, s)
+ else:
+
+ if op == exponent:
+ first = num(op, True, True, True, 6 / 8)
+ elif op == bessel:
+ first = num(op, False, True, True, 6 / 8)
+ else:
+ first = num(op, True, True, True)
+
+ if op != bessel:
+ s = fmts[op].format(scale, first)
+ else:
+ s = fmts[op].format(scale, first, 6 / 8)
+
+ return s
+
+def run_test(t):
+
+ op = random.randrange(bessel + 1)
+
+ if op != modexp:
+ exe = "bc"
+ halt = "halt"
+ options = "-lq"
+ else:
+ exe = "dc"
+ halt = "q"
+ options = ""
+
+ test = gen_test(op)
+
+ if "c(0)" in test or "scale = 4; j(4" in test:
+ return
+
+ bcexe = exedir + "/" + exe
+ indata = test + "\n" + halt
+
+ print("Test {}: {}".format(t, test))
+
+ if exe == "bc":
+ args = [ exe, options ]
+ else:
+ args = [ exe ]
+
+ p = subprocess.run(args, input=indata.encode(), stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+ output1 = p.stdout.decode()
+
+ if p.returncode != 0 or output1 == "":
+ print(" other {} returned an error ({}); continuing...".format(exe, p.returncode))
+ return
+
+ if output1 == "\n":
+ print(" other {} has a bug; continuing...".format(exe))
+ return
+
+ if output1 == "-0\n":
+ output1 = "0\n"
+ elif output1 == "-0":
+ output1 = "0"
+
+ args = [ bcexe, options ]
+
+ p = subprocess.run(args, input=indata.encode(), stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+ compare(exe, options, p, test, halt, output1, op)
+
+
+if __name__ != "__main__":
+ sys.exit(1)
+
+script = sys.argv[0]
+testdir = os.path.dirname(script)
+
+exedir = testdir + "/../bin"
+
+ops = [ '+', '-', '*', '/', '%', '^', '|' ]
+files = [ "add", "subtract", "multiply", "divide", "modulus", "power", "modexp",
+ "sqrt", "exponent", "log", "arctangent", "sine", "cosine", "bessel" ]
+funcs = [ "sqrt", "e", "l", "a", "s", "c", "j" ]
+
+fmts = [ "scale = {}; {} + {}", "scale = {}; {} - {}", "scale = {}; {} * {}",
+ "scale = {}; {} / {}", "scale = {}; {} % {}", "scale = {}; {} ^ {}",
+ "{}k {} {} {}|pR", "scale = {}; sqrt({})", "scale = {}; e({})",
+ "scale = {}; l({})", "scale = {}; a({})", "scale = {}; s({})",
+ "scale = {}; c({})", "scale = {}; j({}, {})" ]
+
+div = 3
+mod = 4
+power = 5
+modexp = 6
+sqrt = 7
+exponent = 8
+bessel = 13
+
+gen_ops = []
+tests = []
+
+try:
+ i = 0
+ while True:
+ run_test(i)
+ i = i + 1
+except KeyboardInterrupt:
+ pass
+
+if len(tests) == 0:
+ print("\nNo items in checklist.")
+ print("Exiting")
+ sys.exit(0)
+
+print("\nGoing through the checklist...\n")
+
+if len(tests) != len(gen_ops):
+ print("Corrupted checklist!")
+ print("Exiting...")
+ sys.exit(1)
+
+for i in range(0, len(tests)):
+
+ print("\n{}".format(tests[i]))
+
+ op = int(gen_ops[i])
+
+ if op != modexp:
+ exe = "bc"
+ halt = "halt"
+ options = "-lq"
+ else:
+ exe = "dc"
+ halt = "q"
+ options = ""
+
+ indata = tests[i] + "\n" + halt
+
+ args = [ exe, options ]
+
+ p = subprocess.run(args, input=indata.encode(), stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+ expected = p.stdout.decode()
+
+ bcexe = exedir + "/" + exe
+ args = [ bcexe, options ]
+
+ p = subprocess.run(args, input=indata.encode(), stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+ compare(exe, options, p, tests[i], halt, expected, op, False)
+
+ answer = input("\nAdd test ({}/{}) to test suite? [y/N]: ".format(i + 1, len(tests)))
+
+ if 'Y' in answer or 'y' in answer:
+
+ print("Yes")
+
+ name = testdir + "/" + exe + "/" + files[op]
+
+ with open(name + ".txt", "a") as f:
+ f.write(tests[i] + "\n")
+
+ with open(name + "_results.txt", "a") as f:
+ f.write(expected)
+
+ else:
+ print("No")
+
+print("Done!")
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/randmath.py
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/read.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/read.sh (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/read.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+set -e
+
+script="$0"
+testdir=$(dirname "$script")
+
+. "$testdir/../functions.sh"
+
+if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
+ printf 'usage: %s dir [exe [args...]]\n' "$0"
+ printf 'valid dirs are:\n'
+ printf '\n'
+ cat "$testdir/all.txt"
+ printf '\n'
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+d="$1"
+shift
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ exe="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ exe="$testdir/../bin/$d"
+fi
+
+name="$testdir/$d/read.txt"
+results="$testdir/$d/read_results.txt"
+errors="$testdir/$d/read_errors.txt"
+
+out="$testdir/../.log_${d}_test.txt"
+
+exebase=$(basename "$exe")
+
+if [ "$d" = "bc" ]; then
+ options="-lq"
+ halt="halt"
+else
+ options="-x"
+ halt="q"
+fi
+
+if [ "$d" = "bc" ]; then
+ read_call="read()"
+ read_expr="${read_call}\n5+5;"
+else
+ read_call="?"
+ read_expr="${read_call}"
+fi
+
+printf 'Running %s read...' "$d"
+
+while read line; do
+
+ printf '%s\n%s\n' "$read_call" "$line" | "$exe" "$@" "$options" > "$out"
+ diff "$results" "$out"
+
+done < "$name"
+
+printf 'pass\n'
+
+set +e
+
+printf 'Running %s read errors...' "$d"
+
+while read line; do
+
+ printf '%s\n%s\n' "$read_call" "$line" | "$exe" "$@" "$options" 2> "$out" > /dev/null
+ err="$?"
+
+ checktest "$d" "$err" "$line" "$out" "$exebase"
+
+done < "$errors"
+
+printf 'pass\n'
+
+printf 'Running %s empty read...' "$d"
+
+read_test=$(printf '%s\n' "$read_call")
+
+printf '%s\n' "$read_test" | "$exe" "$@" "$opts" 2> "$out" > /dev/null
+err="$?"
+
+checktest "$d" "$err" "$read_test" "$out" "$exebase"
+
+printf 'pass\n'
+
+printf 'Running %s read EOF...' "$d"
+
+read_test=$(printf '%s' "$read_call")
+
+printf '%s' "$read_test" | "$exe" "$@" "$opts" 2> "$out" > /dev/null
+err="$?"
+
+checktest "$d" "$err" "$read_test" "$out" "$exebase"
+
+printf 'pass\n'
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/read.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/script.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/script.sh (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/script.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+set -e
+
+script="$0"
+
+testdir=$(dirname "${script}")
+
+if [ "$#" -lt 2 ]; then
+ printf 'usage: %s dir script [run_extra_tests] [run_stack_tests] [generate_tests] [time_tests] [exec args...]\n' "$script"
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+d="$1"
+shift
+
+f="$1"
+shift
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ run_extra_tests="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ run_extra_tests=1
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ run_stack_tests="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ run_stack_tests=1
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ generate="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ generate=1
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ time_tests="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ time_tests=0
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ exe="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ exe="$testdir/../bin/$d"
+fi
+
+out="$testdir/../.log_${d}_test.txt"
+
+if [ "$d" = "bc" ]; then
+
+ if [ "$run_stack_tests" -ne 0 ]; then
+ options="-lgq"
+ else
+ options="-lq"
+ fi
+
+ halt="halt"
+
+else
+ options="-x"
+ halt="q"
+fi
+
+scriptdir="$testdir/$d/scripts"
+
+name="${f%.*}"
+
+if [ "$f" = "timeconst.bc" ]; then
+ exit 0
+fi
+
+if [ "$run_extra_tests" -eq 0 ]; then
+ if [ "$f" = "rand.bc" ]; then
+ printf 'Skipping %s script: %s\n' "$d" "$f"
+ exit 0
+ fi
+fi
+
+if [ "$run_stack_tests" -eq 0 ]; then
+
+ if [ "$f" = "globals.bc" -o "$f" = "references.bc" -o "$f" = "rand.bc" ]; then
+ printf 'Skipping %s script: %s\n' "$d" "$f"
+ exit 0
+ fi
+
+fi
+
+s="$scriptdir/$f"
+orig="$testdir/$name.txt"
+results="$scriptdir/$name.txt"
+
+if [ -f "$orig" ]; then
+ res="$orig"
+elif [ -f "$results" ]; then
+ res="$results"
+elif [ "$generate" -eq 0 ]; then
+ printf 'Skipping %s script %s\n' "$d" "$s"
+ exit 0
+else
+ printf 'Generating %s results...' "$f"
+ printf '%s\n' "$halt" | "$d" "$s" > "$results"
+ printf 'done\n'
+ res="$results"
+fi
+
+printf 'Running %s script %s...' "$d" "$f"
+
+if [ "$time_tests" -ne 0 ]; then
+ printf '\n'
+ printf '%s\n' "$halt" | /usr/bin/time -p "$exe" "$@" $options "$s" > "$out"
+ printf '\n'
+else
+ printf '%s\n' "$halt" | "$exe" "$@" $options "$s" > "$out"
+fi
+
+diff "$res" "$out"
+
+rm -f "$out"
+
+printf 'pass\n'
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/script.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/scripts.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/scripts.sh (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/scripts.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+set -e
+
+script="$0"
+
+testdir=$(dirname "${script}")
+
+if [ "$#" -eq 0 ]; then
+ printf 'usage: %s dir [run_extra_tests] [run_stack_tests] [generate_tests] [time_tests] [exec args...]\n' "$script"
+ exit 1
+else
+ d="$1"
+ shift
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ run_extra_tests="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ run_extra_tests=1
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ run_stack_tests="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ run_stack_tests=1
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ generate="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ generate=1
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ time_tests="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ time_tests=0
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ exe="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ exe="$testdir/../bin/$d"
+fi
+
+scriptdir="$testdir/$d/scripts"
+
+for s in $scriptdir/*.$d; do
+
+ f=$(basename "$s")
+ sh "$testdir/script.sh" "$d" "$f" "$run_extra_tests" "$run_stack_tests" "$generate" "$time_tests" "$exe" "$@"
+
+done
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/scripts.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/stdin.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/stdin.sh (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/stdin.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+set -e
+
+script="$0"
+
+testdir=$(dirname "$script")
+
+if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
+ printf 'usage: %s dir [exe [args...]]\n' "$0"
+ printf 'valid dirs are:\n'
+ printf '\n'
+ cat "$testdir/all.txt"
+ printf '\n'
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+d="$1"
+shift
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ exe="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ exe="$testdir/../bin/$d"
+fi
+
+out="$testdir/../.log_${d}_test.txt"
+
+if [ "$d" = "bc" ]; then
+ options="-ilq"
+else
+ options="-x"
+fi
+
+rm -f "$out"
+
+printf 'Running %s stdin tests...' "$d"
+
+cat "$testdir/$d/stdin.txt" | "$exe" "$@" "$options" > "$out" 2> /dev/null
+
+diff "$testdir/$d/stdin_results.txt" "$out"
+
+rm -f "$out1"
+
+printf 'pass\n'
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/stdin.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/all.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/all.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/all.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+bc
+dc
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/all.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/tests/radamsa.txt
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/tests/radamsa.txt (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/tests/radamsa.txt (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+-lq '/home/gavin/.bcrc'
+-lq "/home/gavin/.bcrc"
+-lqg '/home/gavin/bc stuff.bc'
+-lqg "/home/gavin/bc stuff.bc"
+-lqg '/home/gavin/"bc" stuff.bc'
+-lqg "/home/gavin/'bc' stuff.bc"
+-lqg '/home/gavin/bc stuff.bc
+-lqg "/home/gavin/bc stuff.bc
+-lqg '/home/gavin/"bc" stuff.bc
+-lqg "/home/gavin/'bc' stuff.bc
+--mathlib --expand
+--file="/home/gavin/.bcrc"
+--file=/home/gavin/.bcrc
+--file="/home/gavin/bc stuff.bc"
+--file
+--expression "4+4"
+-e "irand(128)" -f /home/gavin/.bcrc
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/tests/radamsa.txt
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/.gitignore
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/.gitignore (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/.gitignore (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+*.config
+*.creator
+*.files
+*.includes
+*.creator.user*
+*.cflags
+*.cxxflags
+bin/*bc
+bin/*bc.exe
+bin/*dc
+bin/*dc.exe
+bc.old
+*.o
+*.a
+.log_*.txt
+.test.txt
+.math.txt
+.results.txt
+.ops.txt
+manuals/bc.1
+manuals/bc.1.ronn
+manuals/bc.1.md
+manuals/dc.1
+manuals/dc.1.ronn
+manuals/dc.1.md
+gen/strgen
+lib.c
+lib2.c
+lib3.c
+bc_help.c
+dc_help.c
+config.mak
+timeconst.bc
+Makefile
+
+.gdb_history
+
+# Ignore the generated test files
+parse.txt
+parse_results.txt
+print.txt
+print_results.txt
+bessel.txt
+bessel_results.txt
+prime.txt
+stream.txt
+tests/bc/scripts/add.txt
+tests/bc/scripts/divide.txt
+tests/bc/scripts/multiply.txt
+tests/bc/scripts/subtract.txt
+perf.data
+perf.data.old
+*.gcda
+*.gcno
+*.gcov
+*.html
+*.profraw
+
+cscope*.out
+tags
Index: head/contrib/bc/LICENSE.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/LICENSE.md (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/LICENSE.md (revision 362987)
@@ -1,59 +1,55 @@
# License
Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com>
-All rights reserved.
-
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this
list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or
other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
## History
The files `src/history.c` and `include/history.h` are under the following
copyrights and license:
Copyright (c) 2010-2014, Salvatore Sanfilippo <antirez at gmail dot com><br>
Copyright (c) 2010-2013, Pieter Noordhuis <pcnoordhuis at gmail dot com><br>
Copyright (c) 2018 rain-1 <rain1@openmailbox.org><br>
Copyright (c) 2018-2020, Gavin D. Howard <yzena.tech@gmail.com>
-
-All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this
list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or
other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Index: head/contrib/bc/Makefile.in
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/Makefile.in (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/Makefile.in (revision 362987)
@@ -1,362 +1,364 @@
#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
#
-# All rights reserved.
-#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
#
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#
# %%WARNING%%
#
.POSIX:
-VERSION = 3.0.2
+VERSION = 3.1.1
SRC = %%SRC%%
OBJ = %%OBJ%%
GCDA = %%GCDA%%
GCNO = %%GCNO%%
BC_SRC = %%BC_SRC%%
BC_OBJ = %%BC_OBJ%%
BC_GCDA = %%BC_GCDA%%
BC_GCNO = %%BC_GCNO%%
DC_SRC = %%DC_SRC%%
DC_OBJ = %%DC_OBJ%%
DC_GCDA = %%DC_GCDA%%
DC_GCNO = %%DC_GCNO%%
HISTORY_SRC = %%HISTORY_SRC%%
HISTORY_OBJ = %%HISTORY_OBJ%%
HISTORY_GCDA = %%HISTORY_GCDA%%
HISTORY_GCNO = %%HISTORY_GCNO%%
RAND_SRC = %%RAND_SRC%%
RAND_OBJ = %%RAND_OBJ%%
RAND_GCDA = %%RAND_GCDA%%
RAND_GCNO = %%RAND_GCNO%%
BC_ENABLED_NAME = BC_ENABLED
BC_ENABLED = %%BC_ENABLED%%
DC_ENABLED_NAME = DC_ENABLED
DC_ENABLED = %%DC_ENABLED%%
GEN_DIR = gen
GEN = %%GEN%%
GEN_EXEC = $(GEN_DIR)/$(GEN)
GEN_C = $(GEN_DIR)/$(GEN).c
GEN_EMU = %%GEN_EMU%%
BC_LIB = $(GEN_DIR)/lib.bc
BC_LIB_C = $(GEN_DIR)/lib.c
BC_LIB_O = %%BC_LIB_O%%
BC_LIB_GCDA = $(GEN_DIR)/lib.gcda
BC_LIB_GCNO = $(GEN_DIR)/lib.gcno
BC_LIB2 = $(GEN_DIR)/lib2.bc
BC_LIB2_C = $(GEN_DIR)/lib2.c
BC_LIB2_O = %%BC_LIB2_O%%
BC_LIB2_GCDA = $(GEN_DIR)/lib2.gcda
BC_LIB2_GCNO = $(GEN_DIR)/lib2.gcno
BC_HELP = $(GEN_DIR)/bc_help.txt
BC_HELP_C = $(GEN_DIR)/bc_help.c
BC_HELP_O = %%BC_HELP_O%%
BC_HELP_GCDA = $(GEN_DIR)/bc_help.gcda
BC_HELP_GCNO = $(GEN_DIR)/bc_help.gcno
DC_HELP = $(GEN_DIR)/dc_help.txt
DC_HELP_C = $(GEN_DIR)/dc_help.c
DC_HELP_O = %%DC_HELP_O%%
DC_HELP_GCDA = $(GEN_DIR)/dc_help.gcda
DC_HELP_GCNO = $(GEN_DIR)/dc_help.gcno
BIN = bin
LOCALES = locales
EXEC_SUFFIX = %%EXECSUFFIX%%
EXEC_PREFIX = %%EXECPREFIX%%
BC = bc
DC = dc
BC_EXEC = $(BIN)/$(EXEC_PREFIX)$(BC)
DC_EXEC = $(BIN)/$(EXEC_PREFIX)$(DC)
MANUALS = manuals
BC_MANPAGE_NAME = $(EXEC_PREFIX)$(BC)$(EXEC_SUFFIX).1
BC_MANPAGE = $(MANUALS)/$(BC).1
-BC_RONN = $(BC_MANPAGE).ronn
+BC_MD = $(BC_MANPAGE).md
DC_MANPAGE_NAME = $(EXEC_PREFIX)$(DC)$(EXEC_SUFFIX).1
DC_MANPAGE = $(MANUALS)/$(DC).1
-DC_RONN = $(DC_MANPAGE).ronn
+DC_MD = $(DC_MANPAGE).md
MANPAGE_INSTALL_ARGS = -Dm644
%%DESTDIR%%
BINDIR = %%BINDIR%%
MAN1DIR = %%MAN1DIR%%
MAIN_EXEC = $(EXEC_PREFIX)$(%%MAIN_EXEC%%)$(EXEC_SUFFIX)
EXEC = $(%%EXEC%%)
NLSPATH = %%NLSPATH%%
BC_ENABLE_HISTORY = %%HISTORY%%
BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH_NAME = BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH = %%EXTRA_MATH%%
BC_ENABLE_NLS = %%NLS%%
BC_ENABLE_PROMPT = %%PROMPT%%
BC_LONG_BIT = %%LONG_BIT%%
RM = rm
MKDIR = mkdir
INSTALL = ./install.sh
SAFE_INSTALL = ./safe-install.sh
LINK = ./link.sh
MANPAGE = ./manpage.sh
KARATSUBA = ./karatsuba.py
LOCALE_INSTALL = ./locale_install.sh
LOCALE_UNINSTALL = ./locale_uninstall.sh
VALGRIND_ARGS = --error-exitcode=100 --leak-check=full --show-leak-kinds=all --errors-for-leak-kinds=all
BC_NUM_KARATSUBA_LEN = %%KARATSUBA_LEN%%
CPPFLAGS1 = -D$(BC_ENABLED_NAME)=$(BC_ENABLED) -D$(DC_ENABLED_NAME)=$(DC_ENABLED)
CPPFLAGS2 = $(CPPFLAGS1) -I./include/ -DVERSION=$(VERSION) %%LONG_BIT_DEFINE%%
CPPFLAGS3 = $(CPPFLAGS2) -DEXECPREFIX=$(EXEC_PREFIX) -DMAINEXEC=$(MAIN_EXEC)
CPPFLAGS4 = $(CPPFLAGS3) -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=700
CPPFLAGS5 = $(CPPFLAGS4) -DBC_NUM_KARATSUBA_LEN=$(BC_NUM_KARATSUBA_LEN)
CPPFLAGS6 = $(CPPFLAGS5) -DBC_ENABLE_NLS=$(BC_ENABLE_NLS) -DBC_ENABLE_PROMPT=$(BC_ENABLE_PROMPT)
CPPFLAGS7 = $(CPPFLAGS6) -D$(BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH_NAME)=$(BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH)
CPPFLAGS = $(CPPFLAGS7) -DBC_ENABLE_HISTORY=$(BC_ENABLE_HISTORY)
CFLAGS = $(CPPFLAGS) %%CPPFLAGS%% %%CFLAGS%%
LDFLAGS = %%LDFLAGS%%
HOSTCFLAGS = %%HOSTCFLAGS%%
CC = %%CC%%
HOSTCC = %%HOSTCC%%
BC_LIB_C_ARGS = bc_lib bc.h bc_lib_name $(BC_ENABLED_NAME) 1
BC_LIB2_C_ARGS = bc_lib2 bc.h bc_lib2_name "$(BC_ENABLED_NAME) && $(BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH_NAME)" 1
OBJS1 = $(OBJ) $(DC_OBJ) $(BC_OBJ) $(HISTORY_OBJ) $(RAND_OBJ) $(BC_HELP_O) $(DC_HELP_O)
OBJS = $(OBJS1) $(BC_LIB_O) $(BC_LIB2_O) $(BC_LIB3_O)
OBJ_TARGETS1 = $(DC_HELP_O) $(BC_HELP_O) $(BC_LIB_O) $(BC_LIB2_O) $(BC_LIB3_O)
OBJ_TARGETS = $(OBJ_TARGETS1) $(BC_OBJ) $(DC_OBJ) $(HISTORY_OBJ) $(RAND_OBJ) $(OBJ)
.c.o:
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ -c $<
all: make_bin $(OBJ_TARGETS)
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(OBJS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(EXEC)
%%LINK%%
$(GEN_EXEC):
%%GEN_EXEC_TARGET%%
$(BC_LIB_C): $(GEN_EXEC) $(BC_LIB)
$(GEN_EMU) $(GEN_EXEC) $(BC_LIB) $(BC_LIB_C) $(BC_LIB_C_ARGS)
$(BC_LIB2_C): $(GEN_EXEC) $(BC_LIB2)
$(GEN_EMU) $(GEN_EXEC) $(BC_LIB2) $(BC_LIB2_C) $(BC_LIB2_C_ARGS)
$(BC_HELP_C): $(GEN_EXEC) $(BC_HELP)
$(GEN_EMU) $(GEN_EXEC) $(BC_HELP) $(BC_HELP_C) bc_help bc.h "" $(BC_ENABLED_NAME)
$(DC_HELP_C): $(GEN_EXEC) $(DC_HELP)
$(GEN_EMU) $(GEN_EXEC) $(DC_HELP) $(DC_HELP_C) dc_help dc.h "" $(DC_ENABLED_NAME)
make_bin:
$(MKDIR) -p $(BIN)
help:
@printf 'available targets:\n'
@printf '\n'
@printf ' all (default) builds %%EXECUTABLES%%\n'
@printf ' check alias for `make test`\n'
@printf ' clean removes all build files\n'
@printf ' clean_config removes all build files as well as the generated Makefile\n'
@printf ' clean_tests removes all build files, the generated Makefile,\n'
@printf ' and generated tests\n'
@printf ' install installs binaries to "%s%s"\n' "$(DESTDIR)" "$(BINDIR)"
@printf ' and (if enabled) manpages to "%s%s"\n' "$(DESTDIR)" "$(MAN1DIR)"
@printf ' karatsuba runs the karatsuba script (requires Python 3)\n'
@printf ' karatsuba_test runs the karatsuba script while running tests\n'
@printf ' (requires Python 3)\n'
@printf ' uninstall uninstalls binaries from "%s%s"\n' "$(DESTDIR)" "$(BINDIR)"
@printf ' and (if enabled) manpages from "%s%s"\n' "$(DESTDIR)" "$(MAN1DIR)"
@printf ' test runs the test suite\n'
@printf ' test_bc runs the bc test suite, if bc has been built\n'
@printf ' test_dc runs the dc test suite, if dc has been built\n'
@printf ' time_test runs the test suite, displaying times for some things\n'
@printf ' time_test_bc runs the bc test suite, displaying times for some things\n'
@printf ' time_test_dc runs the dc test suite, displaying times for some things\n'
@printf ' timeconst runs the test on the Linux timeconst.bc script,\n'
@printf ' if it exists and bc has been built\n'
@printf ' valgrind runs the test suite through valgrind\n'
@printf ' valgrind_bc runs the bc test suite, if bc has been built,\n'
@printf ' through valgrind\n'
@printf ' valgrind_dc runs the dc test suite, if dc has been built,\n'
@printf ' through valgrind\n'
check: test
test: test_bc timeconst test_dc
test_bc:
%%BC_TEST%%
test_dc:
%%DC_TEST%%
time_test: time_test_bc timeconst time_test_dc
time_test_bc:
%%BC_TIME_TEST%%
time_test_dc:
%%DC_TIME_TEST%%
timeconst:
%%TIMECONST%%
valgrind: valgrind_bc valgrind_dc
valgrind_bc:
%%VG_BC_TEST%%
valgrind_dc:
%%VG_DC_TEST%%
karatsuba:
%%KARATSUBA%%
karatsuba_test:
%%KARATSUBA_TEST%%
coverage_output:
%%COVERAGE_OUTPUT%%
coverage:%%COVERAGE_PREREQS%%
version:
@printf '%s' "$(VERSION)"
libcname:
@printf '%s' "$(BC_LIB_C)"
extra_math:
@printf '%s' "$(BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH)"
manpages:
- $(MANPAGE) $(BC_RONN) $(BC_MANPAGE)
- $(MANPAGE) $(DC_RONN) $(DC_MANPAGE)
+ $(MANPAGE) bc
+ $(MANPAGE) dc
clean_gen:
@$(RM) -f $(GEN_EXEC)
clean:%%CLEAN_PREREQS%%
@printf 'Cleaning files...\n'
@$(RM) -f $(OBJ)
@$(RM) -f $(BC_OBJ)
@$(RM) -f $(DC_OBJ)
@$(RM) -f $(HISTORY_OBJ)
@$(RM) -f $(RAND_OBJ)
@$(RM) -f $(BC_EXEC)
@$(RM) -f $(DC_EXEC)
@$(RM) -fr $(BIN)
@$(RM) -f $(LOCALES)/*.cat
@$(RM) -f $(BC_LIB_C) $(BC_LIB_O)
@$(RM) -f $(BC_LIB2_C) $(BC_LIB2_O)
@$(RM) -f $(BC_HELP_C) $(BC_HELP_O)
@$(RM) -f $(DC_HELP_C) $(DC_HELP_O)
clean_config: clean
@printf 'Cleaning config...\n'
@$(RM) -f Makefile
+ @$(RM) -f $(BC_MD) $(DC_MD)
+ @$(RM) -f $(BC_MANPAGE) $(DC_MANPAGE)
clean_coverage:
@printf 'Cleaning coverage files...\n'
@$(RM) -f *.gcov
@$(RM) -f *.html
@$(RM) -f *.gcda *.gcno
@$(RM) -f *.profraw
@$(RM) -f $(GCDA) $(GCNO)
@$(RM) -f $(BC_GCDA) $(BC_GCNO)
@$(RM) -f $(DC_GCDA) $(DC_GCNO)
@$(RM) -f $(HISTORY_GCDA) $(HISTORY_GCNO)
@$(RM) -f $(RAND_GCDA) $(RAND_GCNO)
@$(RM) -f $(BC_LIB_GCDA) $(BC_LIB_GCNO)
@$(RM) -f $(BC_LIB2_GCDA) $(BC_LIB2_GCNO)
@$(RM) -f $(BC_HELP_GCDA) $(BC_HELP_GCNO)
@$(RM) -f $(DC_HELP_GCDA) $(DC_HELP_GCNO)
clean_tests: clean clean_config clean_coverage
@printf 'Cleaning test files...\n'
@$(RM) -f tests/bc/parse.txt tests/bc/parse_results.txt
@$(RM) -f tests/bc/print.txt tests/bc/print_results.txt
@$(RM) -f tests/bc/bessel.txt tests/bc/bessel_results.txt
@$(RM) -f tests/bc/scripts/bessel.txt
@$(RM) -f tests/bc/scripts/parse.txt
@$(RM) -f tests/bc/scripts/print.txt
@$(RM) -f tests/bc/scripts/add.txt
@$(RM) -f tests/bc/scripts/divide.txt
@$(RM) -f tests/bc/scripts/multiply.txt
@$(RM) -f tests/bc/scripts/subtract.txt
@$(RM) -f tests/dc/scripts/prime.txt tests/dc/scripts/stream.txt
@$(RM) -f .log_*.txt
@$(RM) -f .math.txt .results.txt .ops.txt
@$(RM) -f .test.txt
@$(RM) -f tags .gdbbreakpoints .gdb_history .gdbsetup
@$(RM) -f cscope.*
@$(RM) -f bc.old
install_locales:
$(LOCALE_INSTALL) $(NLSPATH) $(MAIN_EXEC) $(DESTDIR)
install_bc_manpage:
$(SAFE_INSTALL) $(MANPAGE_INSTALL_ARGS) $(BC_MANPAGE) $(DESTDIR)$(MAN1DIR)/$(BC_MANPAGE_NAME)
install_dc_manpage:
$(SAFE_INSTALL) $(MANPAGE_INSTALL_ARGS) $(DC_MANPAGE) $(DESTDIR)$(MAN1DIR)/$(DC_MANPAGE_NAME)
install:%%INSTALL_LOCALES_PREREQS%%%%INSTALL_PREREQS%%
$(INSTALL) $(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR) "$(EXEC_SUFFIX)"
uninstall_locales:
$(LOCALE_UNINSTALL) $(NLSPATH) $(MAIN_EXEC) $(DESTDIR)
uninstall_bc_manpage:
$(RM) -f $(DESTDIR)$(MAN1DIR)/$(BC_MANPAGE_NAME)
uninstall_bc:
$(RM) -f $(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)/$(EXEC_PREFIX)$(BC)$(EXEC_SUFFIX)
uninstall_dc_manpage:
$(RM) -f $(DESTDIR)$(MAN1DIR)/$(DC_MANPAGE_NAME)
uninstall_dc:
$(RM) -f $(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)/$(EXEC_PREFIX)$(DC)$(EXEC_SUFFIX)
uninstall:%%UNINSTALL_LOCALES_PREREQS%%%%UNINSTALL_MAN_PREREQS%%%%UNINSTALL_PREREQS%%
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/Makefile.in
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/NEWS.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/NEWS.md (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/NEWS.md (revision 362987)
@@ -1,824 +1,876 @@
# News
+## 3.1.1
+
+This is a production release that adds two Spanish locales. Users do ***NOT***
+need to upgrade, unless they want those locales.
+
+## 3.1.0
+
+This is a production release that adjusts one behavior, fixes eight bugs, and
+improves manpages for FreeBSD. Because this release fixes bugs, **users and
+package maintainers should update to this version as soon as possible**.
+
+The behavior that was adjusted was how code from the `-e` and `-f` arguments
+(and equivalents) were executed. They used to be executed as one big chunk, but
+in this release, they are now executed line-by-line.
+
+The first bug fix in how output to `stdout` was handled in `SIGINT`. If a
+`SIGINT` came in, the `stdout` buffer was not correctly flushed. In fact, a
+clean-up function was not getting called. This release fixes that bug.
+
+The second bug is in how `dc` handled input from `stdin`. This affected `bc` as
+well since it was a mishandling of the `stdin` buffer.
+
+The third fixed bug was that `bc` and `dc` could `abort()` (in debug mode) when
+receiving a `SIGTERM`. This one was a race condition with pushing and popping
+items onto and out of vectors.
+
+The fourth bug fixed was that `bc` could leave extra items on the stack and
+thus, not properly clean up some memory. (The memory would still get
+`free()`'ed, but it would not be `free()`'ed when it could have been.)
+
+The next two bugs were bugs in `bc`'s parser that caused crashes when executing
+the resulting code.
+
+The last two bugs were crashes in `dc` that resulted from mishandling of
+strings.
+
+The manpage improvement was done by switching from [ronn][20] to [Pandoc][21] to
+generate manpages. Pandoc generates much cleaner manpages and doesn't leave
+blank lines where they shouldn't be.
+
+## 3.0.3
+
+This is a production release that adds one new feature: specific manpages.
+
+Before this release, `bc` and `dc` only used one manpage each that referred to
+various build options. This release changes it so there is one manpage set per
+relevant build type. Each manual only has information about its particular
+build, and `configure.sh` selects the correct set for install.
+
## 3.0.2
This is a production release that adds `utf8` locale symlinks and removes an
unused `auto` variable from the `ceil()` function in the [extended math
library][16].
Users do ***NOT*** need to update unless they want the locales.
## 3.0.1
This is a production release with two small changes. Users do ***NOT*** need to
upgrade to this release; however, if they haven't upgraded to `3.0.0` yet, it
may be worthwhile to upgrade to this release.
The first change is fixing a compiler warning on FreeBSD with strict warnings
on.
The second change is to make the new implementation of `ceil()` in `lib2.bc`
much more efficient.
## 3.0.0
*Notes for package maintainers:*
*First, the `2.7.0` release series saw a change in the option parsing. This made
me change one error message and add a few others. The error message that was
changed removed one format specifier. This means that `printf()` will seqfault
on old locale files. Unfortunately, `bc` cannot use any locale files except the
global ones that are already installed, so it will use the previous ones while
running tests during install. **If `bc` segfaults while running arg tests when
updating, it is because the global locale files have not been replaced. Make
sure to either prevent the test suite from running on update or remove the old
-locale files before updating.** Once this is done, `bc` should install without
-problems.*
+locale files before updating.** (Removing the locale files can be done with
+`make uninstall` or by running the `locale_uninstall.sh` script.) Once this is
+done, `bc` should install without problems.*
*Second, **the option to build without signal support has been removed**. See
below for the reasons why.*
This is a production release with some small bug fixes, a few improvements,
three major bug fixes, and a complete redesign of `bc`'s error and signal
handling. **Users and package maintainers should update to this version as soon
as possible.**
The first major bug fix was in how `bc` executed files. Previously, a whole file
was parsed before it was executed, but if a function is defined *after* code,
especially if the function definition was actually a redefinition, and the code
before the definition referred to the previous function, this `bc` would replace
the function before executing any code. The fix was to make sure that all code
that existed before a function definition was executed.
The second major bug fix was in `bc`'s `lib2.bc`. The `ceil()` function had a
bug where a `0` in the decimal place after the truncation position, caused it to
output the wrong numbers if there was any non-zero digit after.
The third major bug is that when passing parameters to functions, if an
expression included an array (not an array element) as a parameter, it was
accepted, when it should have been rejected. It is now correctly rejected.
Beyond that, this `bc` got several improvements that both sped it up, improved
the handling of signals, and improved the error handling.
First, the requirements for `bc` were pushed back to POSIX 2008. `bc` uses one
function, `strdup()`, which is not in POSIX 2001, and it is in the X/Open System
Interfaces group 2001. It is, however, in POSIX 2008, and since POSIX 2008 is
old enough to be supported anywhere that I care, that should be the requirement.
Second, the BcVm global variable was put into `bss`. This actually slightly
reduces the size of the executable from a massive code shrink, and it will stop
`bc` from allocating a large set of memory when `bc` starts.
Third, the default Karatsuba length was updated from 64 to 32 after making the
optimization changes below, since 32 is going to be better than 64 after the
changes.
Fourth, Spanish translations were added.
Fifth, the interpreter received a speedup to make performance on non-math-heavy
scripts more competitive with GNU `bc`. While improvements did, in fact, get it
much closer (see the [benchmarks][19]), it isn't quite there.
There were several things done to speed up the interpreter:
First, several small inefficiencies were removed. These inefficiencies included
calling the function `bc_vec_pop(v)` twice instead of calling
`bc_vec_npop(v, 2)`. They also included an extra function call for checking the
size of the stack and checking the size of the stack more than once on several
operations.
Second, since the current `bc` function is the one that stores constants and
strings, the program caches pointers to the current function's vectors of
constants and strings to prevent needing to grab the current function in order
to grab a constant or a string.
Third, `bc` tries to reuse `BcNum`'s (the internal representation of
arbitary-precision numbers). If a `BcNum` has the default capacity of
`BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE` (32 on 64-bit and 16 on 32-bit) when it is freed, it is added
to a list of available `BcNum`'s. And then, when a `BcNum` is allocated with a
capacity of `BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE` and any `BcNum`'s exist on the list of reusable
ones, one of those ones is grabbed instead.
In order to support these changes, the `BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE` was changed. It used to
be 16 bytes on all systems, but it was changed to more closely align with the
minimum allocation size on Linux, which is either 32 bytes (64-bit musl), 24
bytes (64-bit glibc), 16 bytes (32-bit musl), or 12 bytes (32-bit glibc). Since
these are the minimum allocation sizes, these are the sizes that would be
allocated anyway, making it worth it to just use the whole space, so the value
of `BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE` on 64-bit systems was changed to 32 bytes.
On top of that, at least on 64-bit, `BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE` supports numbers with
either 72 integer digits or 45 integer digits and 27 fractional digits. This
should be more than enough for most cases since `bc`'s default `scale` values
are 0 or 20, meaning that, by default, it has at most 20 fractional digits. And
45 integer digits are *a lot*; it's enough to calculate the amount of mass in
the Milky Way galaxy in kilograms. Also, 72 digits is enough to calculate the
diameter of the universe in Planck lengths.
(For 32-bit, these numbers are either 32 integer digits or 12 integer digits and
20 fractional digits. These are also quite big, and going much bigger on a
32-bit system seems a little pointless since 12 digits in just under a trillion
and 20 fractional digits is still enough for about any use since `10^-20` light
years is just under a millimeter.)
All of this together means that for ordinary uses, and even uses in scientific
work, the default number size will be all that is needed, which means that
nearly all, if not all, numbers will be reused, relieving pressure on the system
allocator.
I did several experiments to find the changes that had the most impact,
especially with regard to reusing `BcNum`'s. One was putting `BcNum`'s into
buckets according to their capacity in powers of 2 up to 512. That performed
worse than `bc` did in `2.7.2`. Another was putting any `BcNum` on the reuse
list that had a capacity of `BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE * 2` and reusing them for `BcNum`'s
that requested `BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE`. This did reduce the amount of time spent, but
it also spent a lot of time in the system allocator for an unknown reason. (When
using `strace`, a bunch more `brk` calls showed up.) Just reusing `BcNum`'s that
had exactly `BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE` capacity spent the smallest amount of time in both
user and system time. This makes sense, especially with the changes to make
`BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE` bigger on 64-bit systems, since the vast majority of numbers
will only ever use numbers with a size less than or equal to `BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE`.
Last of all, `bc`'s signal handling underwent a complete redesign. (This is the
reason that this version is `3.0.0` and not `2.8.0`.) The change was to move
from a polling approach to signal handling to an interrupt-based approach.
Previously, every single loop condition had a check for signals. I suspect that
this could be expensive when in tight loops.
Now, the signal handler just uses `longjmp()` (actually `siglongjmp()`) to start
an unwinding of the stack until it is stopped or the stack is unwound to
`main()`, which just returns. If `bc` is currently executing code that cannot be
safely interrupted (according to POSIX), then signals are "locked." The signal
handler checks if the lock is taken, and if it is, it just sets the status to
indicate that a signal arrived. Later, when the signal lock is released, the
status is checked to see if a signal came in. If so, the stack unwinding starts.
This design eliminates polling in favor of maintaining a stack of `jmp_buf`'s.
This has its own performance implications, but it gives better interaction. And
the cost of pushing and popping a `jmp_buf` in a function is paid at most twice.
Most functions do not pay that price, and most of the rest only pay it once.
(There are only some 3 functions in `bc` that push and pop a `jmp_buf` twice.)
As a side effect of this change, I had to eliminate the use of `stdio.h` in `bc`
because `stdio` does not play nice with signals and `longjmp()`. I implemented
custom I/O buffer code that takes a fraction of the size. This means that static
builds will be smaller, but non-static builds will be bigger, though they will
have less linking time.
This change is also good because my history implementation was already bypassing
`stdio` for good reasons, and unifying the architecture was a win.
Another reason for this change is that my `bc` should *always* behave correctly
in the presence of signals like `SIGINT`, `SIGTERM`, and `SIGQUIT`. With the
addition of my own I/O buffering, I needed to also make sure that the buffers
were correctly flushed even when such signals happened.
For this reason, I **removed the option to build without signal support**.
As a nice side effect of this change, the error handling code could be changed
to take advantage of the stack unwinding that signals used. This means that
signals and error handling use the same code paths, which means that the stack
unwinding is well-tested. (Errors are tested heavily in the test suite.)
It also means that functions do not need to return a status code that
***every*** caller needs to check. This eliminated over 100 branches that simply
checked return codes and then passed that return code up the stack if necessary.
The code bloat savings from this is at least 1700 bytes on `x86_64`, *before*
taking into account the extra code from removing `stdio.h`.
## 2.7.2
This is a production release with one major bug fix.
The `length()` built-in function can take either a number or an array. If it
takes an array, it returns the length of the array. Arrays can be passed by
reference. The bug is that the `length()` function would not properly
dereference arrays that were references. This is a bug that affects all users.
**ALL USERS SHOULD UPDATE `bc`**.
## 2.7.1
This is a production release with fixes for new locales and fixes for compiler
warnings on FreeBSD.
## 2.7.0
This is a production release with a bug fix for Linux, new translations, and new
features.
Bug fixes:
* Option parsing in `BC_ENV_ARGS` was broken on Linux in 2.6.1 because `glibc`'s
`getopt_long()` is broken. To get around that, and to support long options on
every platform, an adapted version of [`optparse`][17] was added. Now, `bc`
does not even use `getopt()`.
* Parsing `BC_ENV_ARGS` with quotes now works. It isn't the smartest, but it
does the job if there are spaces in file names.
The following new languages are supported:
* Dutch
* Polish
* Russian
* Japanes
* Simplified Chinese
All of these translations were generated using [DeepL][18], so improvements are
welcome.
There is only one new feature: **`bc` now has a built-in pseudo-random number
generator** (PRNG).
The PRNG is seeded, making it useful for applications where
`/dev/urandom` does not work because output needs to be reproducible. However,
it also uses `/dev/urandom` to seed itself by default, so it will start with a
good seed by default.
It also outputs 32 bits on 32-bit platforms and 64 bits on 64-bit platforms, far
better than the 15 bits of C's `rand()` and `bash`'s `$RANDOM`.
In addition, the PRNG can take a bound, and when it gets a bound, it
automatically adjusts to remove bias. It can also generate numbers of arbitrary
size. (As of the time of release, the largest pseudo-random number generated by
this `bc` was generated with a bound of `2^(2^20)`.)
***IMPORTANT: read the [`bc` manual][9] and the [`dc` manual][10] to find out
exactly what guarantees the PRNG provides. The underlying implementation is not
guaranteed to stay the same, but the guarantees that it provides are guaranteed
to stay the same regardless of the implementation.***
On top of that, four functions were added to `bc`'s [extended math library][16]
to make using the PRNG easier:
* `frand(p)`: Generates a number between `[0,1)` to `p` decimal places.
* `ifrand(i, p)`: Generates an integer with bound `i` and adds it to `frand(p)`.
* `srand(x)`: Randomizes the sign of `x`. In other words, it flips the sign of
`x` with probability `0.5`.
* `brand()`: Returns a random boolean value (either `0` or `1`).
## 2.6.1
This is a production release with a bug fix for FreeBSD.
The bug was that when `bc` was built without long options, it would give a fatal
error on every run. This was caused by a mishandling of `optind`.
## 2.6.0
This release is a production release ***with no bugfixes***. If you do not want
to upgrade, you don't have to.
No source code changed; the only thing that changed was `lib2.bc`.
This release adds one function to the [extended math library][16]: `p(x, y)`,
which calculates `x` to the power of `y`, whether or not `y` is an integer. (The
`^` operator can only accept integer powers.)
This release also includes a couple of small tweaks to the [extended math
library][16], mostly to fix returning numbers with too high of `scale`.
## 2.5.3
This release is a production release which addresses inconsistencies in the
Portuguese locales. No `bc` code was changed.
The issues were that the ISO files used different naming, and also that the
files that should have been symlinks were not. I did not catch that because
GitHub rendered them the exact same way.
## 2.5.2
This release is a production release.
No code was changed, but the build system was changed to allow `CFLAGS` to be
given to `CC`, like this:
```
CC="gcc -O3 -march=native" ./configure.sh
```
If this happens, the flags are automatically put into `CFLAGS`, and the compiler
is set appropriately. In the example above this means that `CC` will be "gcc"
and `CFLAGS` will be "-O3 -march=native".
This behavior was added to conform to GNU autotools practices.
## 2.5.1
This is a production release which addresses portability concerns discovered
in the `bc` build system. No `bc` code was changed.
* Support for Solaris SPARC and AIX were added.
* Minor documentations edits were performed.
* An option for `configure.sh` was added to disable long options if
`getopt_long()` is missing.
## 2.5.0
This is a production release with new translations. No code changed.
The translations were contributed by [bugcrazy][15], and they are for
Portuguese, both Portugal and Brazil locales.
## 2.4.0
This is a production release primarily aimed at improving `dc`.
* A couple of copy and paste errors in the [`dc` manual][10] were fixed.
* `dc` startup was optimized by making sure it didn't have to set up `bc`-only
things.
* The `bc` `&&` and `||` operators were made available to `dc` through the `M`
and `m` commands, respectively.
* `dc` macros were changed to be tail call-optimized.
The last item, tail call optimization, means that if the last thing in a macro
is a call to another macro, then the old macro is popped before executing the
new macro. This change was made to stop `dc` from consuming more and more memory
as macros are executed in a loop.
The `q` and `Q` commands still respect the "hidden" macros by way of recording
how many macros were removed by tail call optimization.
## 2.3.2
This is a production release meant to fix warnings in the Gentoo `ebuild` by
making it possible to disable binary stripping. Other users do *not* need to
upgrade.
## 2.3.1
This is a production release. It fixes a bug that caused `-1000000000 < -1` to
return `0`. This only happened with negative numbers and only if the value on
the left was more negative by a certain amount. That said, this bug *is* a bad
bug, and needs to be fixed.
**ALL USERS SHOULD UPDATE `bc`**.
## 2.3.0
This is a production release with changes to the build system.
## 2.2.0
This release is a production release. It only has new features and performance
improvements.
1. The performance of `sqrt(x)` was improved.
2. The new function `root(x, n)` was added to the extended math library to
calculate `n`th roots.
3. The new function `cbrt(x)` was added to the extended math library to
calculate cube roots.
## 2.1.3
This is a non-critical release; it just changes the build system, and in
non-breaking ways:
1. Linked locale files were changed to link to their sources with a relative
link.
2. A bug in `configure.sh` that caused long option parsing to fail under `bash`
was fixed.
## 2.1.2
This release is not a critical release.
1. A few codes were added to history.
2. Multiplication was optimized a bit more.
3. Addition and subtraction were both optimized a bit more.
## 2.1.1
This release contains a fix for the test suite made for Linux from Scratch: now
the test suite prints `pass` when a test is passed.
Other than that, there is no change in this release, so distros and other users
do not need to upgrade.
## 2.1.0
This release is a production release.
The following bugs were fixed:
1. A `dc` bug that caused stack mishandling was fixed.
2. A warning on OpenBSD was fixed.
3. Bugs in `ctrl+arrow` operations in history were fixed.
4. The ability to paste multiple lines in history was added.
5. A `bc` bug, mishandling of array arguments to functions, was fixed.
6. A crash caused by freeing the wrong pointer was fixed.
7. A `dc` bug where strings, in a rare case, were mishandled in parsing was
fixed.
In addition, the following changes were made:
1. Division was slightly optimized.
2. An option was added to the build to disable printing of prompts.
3. The special case of empty arguments is now handled. This is to prevent
errors in scripts that end up passing empty arguments.
4. A harmless bug was fixed. This bug was that, with the pop instructions
(mostly) removed (see below), `bc` would leave extra values on its stack for
`void` functions and in a few other cases. These extra items would not
affect anything put on the stack and would not cause any sort of crash or
even buggy behavior, but they would cause `bc` to take more memory than it
needed.
On top of the above changes, the following optimizations were added:
1. The need for pop instructions in `bc` was removed.
2. Extra tests on every iteration of the interpreter loop were removed.
3. Updating function and code pointers on every iteration of the interpreter
loop was changed to only updating them when necessary.
4. Extra assignments to pointers were removed.
Altogether, these changes sped up the interpreter by around 2x.
***NOTE***: This is the last release with new features because this `bc` is now
considered complete. From now on, only bug fixes and new translations will be
added to this `bc`.
## 2.0.3
This is a production, bug-fix release.
Two bugs were fixed in this release:
1. A rare and subtle signal handling bug was fixed.
2. A misbehavior on `0` to a negative power was fixed.
The last bug bears some mentioning.
When I originally wrote power, I did not thoroughly check its error cases;
instead, I had it check if the first number was `0` and then if so, just return
`0`. However, `0` to a negative power means that `1` will be divided by `0`,
which is an error.
I caught this, but only after I stopped being cocky. You see, sometime later, I
had noticed that GNU `bc` returned an error, correctly, but I thought it was
wrong simply because that's not what my `bc` did. I saw it again later and had a
double take. I checked for real, finally, and found out that my `bc` was wrong
all along.
That was bad on me. But the bug was easy to fix, so it is fixed now.
There are two other things in this release:
1. Subtraction was optimized by [Stefan Eßer][14].
2. Division was also optimized, also by Stefan Eßer.
## 2.0.2
This release contains a fix for a possible overflow in the signal handling. I
would be surprised if any users ran into it because it would only happen after 2
billion (`2^31-1`) `SIGINT`'s, but I saw it and had to fix it.
## 2.0.1
This release contains very few things that will apply to any users.
1. A slight bug in `dc`'s interactive mode was fixed.
2. A bug in the test suite that was only triggered on NetBSD was fixed.
3. **The `-P`/`--no-prompt` option** was added for users that do not want a
prompt.
4. A `make check` target was added as an alias for `make test`.
5. `dc` got its own read prompt: `?> `.
## 2.0.0
This release is a production release.
This release is also a little different from previous releases. From here on
out, I do not plan on adding any more features to this `bc`; I believe that it
is complete. However, there may be bug fix releases in the future, if I or any
others manage to find bugs.
This release has only a few new features:
1. `atan2(y, x)` was added to the extended math library as both `a2(y, x)` and
`atan2(y, x)`.
2. Locales were fixed.
3. A **POSIX shell-compatible script was added as an alternative to compiling
`gen/strgen.c`** on a host machine. More details about making the choice
between the two can be found by running `./configure.sh --help` or reading
the [build manual][13].
4. Multiplication was optimized by using **diagonal multiplication**, rather
than straight brute force.
5. The `locale_install.sh` script was fixed.
6. `dc` was given the ability to **use the environment variable
`DC_ENV_ARGS`**.
7. `dc` was also given the ability to **use the `-i` or `--interactive`**
options.
8. Printing the prompt was fixed so that it did not print when it shouldn't.
9. Signal handling was fixed.
10. **Handling of `SIGTERM` and `SIGQUIT`** was fixed.
11. The **built-in functions `maxibase()`, `maxobase()`, and `maxscale()`** (the
commands `T`, `U`, `V` in `dc`, respectively) were added to allow scripts to
query for the max allowable values of those globals.
12. Some incompatibilities with POSIX were fixed.
In addition, this release is `2.0.0` for a big reason: the internal format for
numbers changed. They used to be a `char` array. Now, they are an array of
larger integers, packing more decimal digits into each integer. This has
delivered ***HUGE*** performance improvements, especially for multiplication,
division, and power.
This `bc` should now be the fastest `bc` available, but I may be wrong.
## 1.2.8
This release contains a fix for a harmless bug (it is harmless in that it still
works, but it just copies extra data) in the [`locale_install.sh`][12] script.
## 1.2.7
This version contains fixes for the build on Arch Linux.
## 1.2.6
This release removes the use of `local` in shell scripts because it's not POSIX
shell-compatible, and also updates a man page that should have been updated a
long time ago but was missed.
## 1.2.5
This release contains some missing locale `*.msg` files.
## 1.2.4
This release contains a few bug fixes and new French translations.
## 1.2.3
This release contains a fix for a bug: use of uninitialized data. Such data was
only used when outputting an error message, but I am striving for perfection. As
Michelangelo said, "Trifles make perfection, and perfection is no trifle."
## 1.2.2
This release contains fixes for OpenBSD.
## 1.2.1
This release contains bug fixes for some rare bugs.
## 1.2.0
This is a production release.
There have been several changes since `1.1.0`:
1. The build system had some changes.
2. Locale support has been added. (Patches welcome for translations.)
3. **The ability to turn `ibase`, `obase`, and `scale` into stacks** was added
with the `-g` command-line option. (See the [`bc` manual][9] for more
details.)
4. Support for compiling on Mac OSX out of the box was added.
5. The extended math library got `t(x)`, `ceil(x)`, and some aliases.
6. The extended math library also got `r2d(x)` (for converting from radians to
degrees) and `d2r(x)` (for converting from degrees to radians). This is to
allow using degrees with the standard library.
7. Both calculators now accept numbers in **scientific notation**. See the
[`bc` manual][9] and the [`dc` manual][10] for details.
8. Both calculators can **output in either scientific or engineering
notation**. See the [`bc` manual][9] and the [`dc` manual][10] for details.
9. Some inefficiencies were removed.
10. Some bugs were fixed.
11. Some bugs in the extended library were fixed.
12. Some defects from [Coverity Scan][11] were fixed.
## 1.1.4
This release contains a fix to the build system that allows it to build on older
versions of `glibc`.
## 1.1.3
This release contains a fix for a bug in the test suite where `bc` tests and
`dc` tests could not be run in parallel.
## 1.1.2
This release has a fix for a history bug; the down arrow did not work.
## 1.1.1
This release fixes a bug in the `1.1.0` build system. The source is exactly the
same.
The bug that was fixed was a failure to install if no `EXECSUFFIX` was used.
## 1.1.0
This is a production release. However, many new features were added since `1.0`.
1. **The build system has been changed** to use a custom, POSIX
shell-compatible configure script ([`configure.sh`][6]) to generate a POSIX
make-compatible `Makefile`, which means that `bc` and `dc` now build out of
the box on any POSIX-compatible system.
2. Out-of-memory and output errors now cause the `bc` to report the error,
clean up, and die, rather than just reporting and trying to continue.
3. **Strings and constants are now garbage collected** when possible.
4. Signal handling and checking has been made more simple and more thorough.
5. `BcGlobals` was refactored into `BcVm` and `BcVm` was made global. Some
procedure names were changed to reflect its difference to everything else.
6. Addition got a speed improvement.
7. Some common code for addition and multiplication was refactored into its own
procedure.
8. A bug was removed where `dc` could have been selected, but the internal
`#define` that returned `true` for a query about `dc` would not have
returned `true`.
9. Useless calls to `bc_num_zero()` were removed.
10. **History support was added.** The history support is based off of a
[UTF-8 aware fork][7] of [`linenoise`][8], which has been customized with
`bc`'s own data structures and signal handling.
11. Generating C source from the math library now removes tabs from the library,
shrinking the size of the executable.
12. The math library was shrunk.
13. Error handling and reporting was improved.
14. Reallocations were reduced by giving access to the request size for each
operation.
15. **`abs()` (`b` command for `dc`) was added as a builtin.**
16. Both calculators were tested on FreeBSD.
17. Many obscure parse bugs were fixed.
18. Markdown and man page manuals were added, and the man pages are installed by
`make install`.
19. Executable size was reduced, though the added features probably made the
executable end up bigger.
20. **GNU-style array references were added as a supported feature.**
21. Allocations were reduced.
22. **New operators were added**: `$` (`$` for `dc`), `@` (`@` for `dc`), `@=`,
`<<` (`H` for `dc`), `<<=`, `>>` (`h` for `dc`), and `>>=`. See the
[`bc` manual][9] and the [`dc` manual][10] for more details.
23. **An extended math library was added.** This library contains code that
makes it so I can replace my desktop calculator with this `bc`. See the
[`bc` manual][3] for more details.
24. Support for all capital letters as numbers was added.
25. **Support for GNU-style void functions was added.**
26. A bug fix for improper handling of function parameters was added.
27. Precedence for the or (`||`) operator was changed to match GNU `bc`.
28. `dc` was given an explicit negation command.
29. `dc` was changed to be able to handle strings in arrays.
## 1.1 Release Candidate 3
This release is the eighth release candidate for 1.1, though it is the third
release candidate meant as a general release candidate. The new code has not
been tested as thoroughly as it should for release.
## 1.1 Release Candidate 2
This release is the seventh release candidate for 1.1, though it is the second
release candidate meant as a general release candidate. The new code has not
been tested as thoroughly as it should for release.
## 1.1 FreeBSD Beta 5
This release is the sixth release candidate for 1.1, though it is the fifth
release candidate meant specifically to test if `bc` works on FreeBSD. The new
code has not been tested as thoroughly as it should for release.
## 1.1 FreeBSD Beta 4
This release is the fifth release candidate for 1.1, though it is the fourth
release candidate meant specifically to test if `bc` works on FreeBSD. The new
code has not been tested as thoroughly as it should for release.
## 1.1 FreeBSD Beta 3
This release is the fourth release candidate for 1.1, though it is the third
release candidate meant specifically to test if `bc` works on FreeBSD. The new
code has not been tested as thoroughly as it should for release.
## 1.1 FreeBSD Beta 2
This release is the third release candidate for 1.1, though it is the second
release candidate meant specifically to test if `bc` works on FreeBSD. The new
code has not been tested as thoroughly as it should for release.
## 1.1 FreeBSD Beta 1
This release is the second release candidate for 1.1, though it is meant
specifically to test if `bc` works on FreeBSD. The new code has not been tested as
thoroughly as it should for release.
## 1.1 Release Candidate 1
This is the first release candidate for 1.1. The new code has not been tested as
thoroughly as it should for release.
## 1.0
This is the first non-beta release. `bc` is ready for production use.
As such, a lot has changed since 0.5.
1. `dc` has been added. It has been tested even more thoroughly than `bc` was
for `0.5`. It does not have the `!` command, and for security reasons, it
never will, so it is complete.
2. `bc` has been more thoroughly tested. An entire section of the test suite
(for both programs) has been added to test for errors.
3. A prompt (`>>> `) has been added for interactive mode, making it easier to
see inputs and outputs.
4. Interrupt handling has been improved, including elimination of race
conditions (as much as possible).
5. MinGW and [Windows Subsystem for Linux][1] support has been added (see
[xstatic][2] for binaries).
6. Memory leaks and errors have been eliminated (as far as ASan and Valgrind
can tell).
7. Crashes have been eliminated (as far as [afl][3] can tell).
8. Karatsuba multiplication was added (and thoroughly) tested, speeding up
multiplication and power by orders of magnitude.
9. Performance was further enhanced by using a "divmod" function to reduce
redundant divisions and by removing superfluous `memset()` calls.
10. To switch between Karatsuba and `O(n^2)` multiplication, the config variable
`BC_NUM_KARATSUBA_LEN` was added. It is set to a sane default, but the
optimal number can be found with [`karatsuba.py`][4] (requires Python 3)
and then configured through `make`.
11. The random math test generator script was changed to Python 3 and improved.
`bc` and `dc` have together been run through 30+ million random tests.
12. All known math bugs have been fixed, including out of control memory
allocations in `sine` and `cosine` (that was actually a parse bug), certain
cases of infinite loop on square root, and slight inaccuracies (as much as
possible; see the [README][5]) in transcendental functions.
13. Parsing has been fixed as much as possible.
14. Test coverage was improved to 94.8%. The only paths not covered are ones
that happen when `malloc()` or `realloc()` fails.
15. An extension to get the length of an array was added.
16. The boolean not (`!`) had its precedence change to match negation.
17. Data input was hardened.
18. `bc` was made fully compliant with POSIX when the `-s` flag is used or
`POSIXLY_CORRECT` is defined.
19. Error handling was improved.
20. `bc` now checks that files it is given are not directories.
## 1.0 Release Candidate 7
This is the seventh release candidate for 1.0. It fixes a few bugs in 1.0
Release Candidate 6.
## 1.0 Release Candidate 6
This is the sixth release candidate for 1.0. It fixes a few bugs in 1.0 Release
Candidate 5.
## 1.0 Release Candidate 5
This is the fifth release candidate for 1.0. It fixes a few bugs in 1.0 Release
Candidate 4.
## 1.0 Release Candidate 4
This is the fourth release candidate for 1.0. It fixes a few bugs in 1.0 Release
Candidate 3.
## 1.0 Release Candidate 3
This is the third release candidate for 1.0. It fixes a few bugs in 1.0 Release
Candidate 2.
## 1.0 Release Candidate 2
This is the second release candidate for 1.0. It fixes a few bugs in 1.0 Release
Candidate 1.
## 1.0 Release Candidate 1
This is the first Release Candidate for 1.0. `bc` is complete, with `dc`, but it
is not tested.
## 0.5
This beta release completes more features, but it is still not complete nor
tested as thoroughly as necessary.
## 0.4.1
This beta release fixes a few bugs in 0.4.
## 0.4
This is a beta release. It does not have the complete set of features, and it is
not thoroughly tested.
[1]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10
[2]: https://pkg.musl.cc/bc/
[3]: http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/
[4]: ./karatsuba.py
[5]: ./README.md
[6]: ./configure.sh
[7]: https://github.com/rain-1/linenoise-mob
[8]: https://github.com/antirez/linenoise
-[9]: ./manuals/bc.1.ronn
-[10]: ./manuals/dc.1.ronn
+[9]: ./manuals/bc/A.1.md
+[10]: ./manuals/dc/A.1.md
[11]: https://scan.coverity.com/projects/gavinhoward-bc
[12]: ./locale_install.sh
[13]: ./manuals/build.md
[14]: https://github.com/stesser
[15]: https://github.com/bugcrazy
-[16]: ./manuals/bc.1.ronn#extended-library
+[16]: ./manuals/bc/A.1.md#extended-library
[17]: https://github.com/skeeto/optparse
[18]: https://www.deepl.com/translator
[19]: ./manuals/benchmarks.md
+[20]: https://github.com/apjanke/ronn-ng
+[21]: https://pandoc.org/
Index: head/contrib/bc/README.md
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/README.md (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/README.md (revision 362987)
@@ -1,332 +1,335 @@
# `bc`
[![Build Status][13]][14]
[![codecov][15]][16]
[![Coverity Scan Build Status][17]][18]
***WARNING: This project has moved to [https://git.yzena.com/][20] for [these
reasons][21], though GitHub will remain a mirror.***
This is an implementation of the [POSIX `bc` calculator][12] that implements
[GNU `bc`][1] extensions, as well as the period (`.`) extension for the BSD
flavor of `bc`.
-For more information, see this `bc`'s [full manual][2].
+For more information, see this `bc`'s full manual.
This `bc` also includes an implementation of `dc` in the same binary, accessible
via a symbolic link, which implements all FreeBSD and GNU extensions. (If a
standalone `dc` binary is desired, `bc` can be copied and renamed to `dc`.) The
`!` command is omitted; I believe this poses security concerns and that such
functionality is unnecessary.
-For more information, see the `dc`'s [full manual][3].
+For more information, see the `dc`'s full manual.
This `bc` is Free and Open Source Software (FOSS). It is offered under the BSD
2-clause License. Full license text may be found in the [`LICENSE.md`][4] file.
## Prerequisites
This `bc` only requires a C99-compatible compiler and a (mostly) POSIX
2008-compatible system with the XSI (X/Open System Interfaces) option group.
Since POSIX 2008 with XSI requires the existence of a C99 compiler as `c99`, any
POSIX and XSI-compatible system will have everything needed.
Systems that are known to work:
* Linux
* FreeBSD
* OpenBSD
* NetBSD
* Mac OSX
-* Solaris
+* Solaris* (as long as the Solaris version supports POSIX 2008)
* AIX
Please submit bug reports if this `bc` does not build out of the box on any
system besides Windows. If Windows binaries are needed, they can be found at
[xstatic][6].
## Build
This `bc` should build unmodified on any POSIX-compliant system.
For more complex build requirements than the ones below, see the
[build manual][5].
### Pre-built Binaries
It is possible to download pre-compiled binaries for a wide list of platforms,
including Linux- and Windows-based systems, from [xstatic][6]. This link always
points to the latest release of `bc`.
### Default
For the default build with optimization, use the following commands in the root
directory:
```
./configure.sh -O3
make
```
### One Calculator
To only build `bc`, use the following commands:
```
./configure.sh --disable-dc
make
```
To only build `dc`, use the following commands:
```
./configure.sh --disable-bc
make
```
### Debug
For debug builds, use the following commands in the root directory:
```
./configure.sh -g
make
```
### Install
To install, use the following command:
```
make install
```
By default, `bc` and `dc` will be installed in `/usr/local`. For installing in
other locations, use the `PREFIX` environment variable when running
`configure.sh` or pass the `--prefix=<prefix>` option to `configure.sh`. See the
[build manual][5], or run `./configure.sh --help`, for more details.
### Package and Distro Maintainers
#### Recommended Compiler
When I ran benchmarks with my `bc` compiled under `clang`, it performed much
better than when compiled under `gcc`. I recommend compiling this `bc` with
`clang`.
I also recommend building this `bc` with C11 if you can because `bc` will detect
a C11 compiler and add `_Noreturn` to any relevant function(s).
#### Recommended Optimizations
I wrote this `bc` with Separation of Concerns, which means that there are many
small functions that could be inlined. However, they are often called across
file boundaries, and the default optimizer can only look at the current file,
which means that they are not inlined.
Thus, because of the way this `bc` is built, it will automatically be slower
than other `bc` implementations when running scripts with no math. (My `bc`'s
math is *much* faster, so any non-trivial script should run faster in my `bc`.)
Some, or all, of the difference can be made up with the right optimizations. The
optimizations I recommend are:
1. `-O3`
2. `-flto` (link-time optimization)
in that order.
Link-time optimization, in particular, speeds up the `bc` a lot. This is because
when link-time optimization is turned on, the optimizer can look across files
and inline *much* more heavily.
However, I recommend ***NOT*** using `-march=native`. Doing so will reduce this
`bc`'s performance, at least when building with link-time optimization. See the
[benchmarks][19] for more details.
#### Stripping Binaries
By default, non-debug binaries are stripped, but stripping can be disabled with
the `-T` option to `configure.sh`.
#### Using This `bc` as an Alternative
If this `bc` is packaged as an alternative to an already existing `bc` package,
it is possible to rename it in the build to prevent name collision. To prepend
to the name, just run the following:
```
EXECPREFIX=<some_prefix> ./configure.sh
```
To append to the name, just run the following:
```
EXECSUFFIX=<some_suffix> ./configure.sh
```
If a package maintainer wishes to add both a prefix and a suffix, that is
allowed.
**Note**: The suggested name (and package name) when `bc` is not available is
`bc-gh`.
#### Karatsuba Number
Package and distro maintainers have one tool at their disposal to build this
`bc` in the optimal configuration: `karatsuba.py`.
This script is not a compile-time or runtime prerequisite; it is for package and
distro maintainers to run once when a package is being created. It finds the
optimal Karatsuba number (see the [algorithms manual][7] for more information)
for the machine that it is running on.
The easiest way to run this script is with `make karatsuba`.
If desired, maintainers can also skip running this script because there is a
sane default for the Karatsuba number.
## Status
This `bc` is robust.
It is well-tested, fuzzed, and fully standards-compliant (though not certified)
with POSIX `bc`. The math has been tested with 40+ million random problems, so
it is as correct as I can make it.
This `bc` can be used as a drop-in replacement for any existing `bc`. This `bc`
is also compatible with MinGW toolchains, though history is not supported on
Windows.
In addition, this `bc` is considered complete; i.e., there will be no more
releases with additional features. However, it *is* actively maintained, so if
any bugs are found, they will be fixed in new releases. Also, additional
translations will also be added as they are provided.
## Comparison to GNU `bc`
This `bc` compares favorably to GNU `bc`.
* It has more extensions, which make this `bc` more useful for scripting.
* This `bc` is a bit more POSIX compliant.
* It has a much less buggy parser. The GNU `bc` will give parse errors for what
is actually valid `bc` code, or should be. For example, putting an `else` on
a new line after a brace can cause GNU `bc` to give a parse error.
* This `bc` has fewer crashes.
* GNU `bc` calculates the wrong number of significant digits for `length(x)`.
* GNU `bc` will sometimes print numbers incorrectly. For example, when running
it on the file `tests/bc/power.txt` in this repo, GNU `bc` gets all the right
answers, but it fails to wrap the numbers at the proper place when outputting
to a file.
* This `bc` is faster. (See [Performance](#performance).)
### Performance
Because this `bc` packs more than `1` decimal digit per hardware integer, this
`bc` is faster than GNU `bc` and can be *much* faster. Full benchmarks can be
found at [manuals/benchmarks.md][19].
There is one instance where this `bc` is slower: if scripts are light on math.
This is because this `bc`'s intepreter is slightly slower than GNU `bc`, but
that is because it is more robust. See the [benchmarks][19].
## Algorithms
To see what algorithms this `bc` uses, see the [algorithms manual][7].
## Locales
Currently, this `bc` only has support for English (and US English), French,
German, Portuguese, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Japanese, and Chinese locales.
Patches are welcome for translations; use the existing `*.msg` files in
`locales/` as a starting point.
In addition, patches for improvements are welcome; the last two messages in
Portuguese were made with Google Translate, and the Dutch, Polish, Russian,
Japanese, and Chinese locales were all generated with [DeepL][22].
The message files provided assume that locales apply to all regions where a
language is used, but this might not be true for, e.g., `fr_CA` and `fr_CH`.
Any corrections or a confirmation that the current texts are acceptable for
those regions would be appreciated, too.
## Other Projects
Other projects based on this bc are:
* [busybox `bc`][8]. The busybox maintainers have made their own changes, so any
bugs in the busybox `bc` should be reported to them.
* [toybox `bc`][9]. The maintainer has also made his own changes, so bugs in the
toybox `bc` should be reported there.
+* [FreeBSD `bc`][23]. While the `bc` in FreeBSD is kept up-to-date, it is better
+ to report bugs there, and the maintainers of the package will contact me if
+ necessary.
+
## Language
This `bc` is written in pure ISO C99, using POSIX 2008 APIs.
## Commit Messages
This `bc` uses the commit message guidelines laid out in [this blog post][10].
## Semantic Versioning
This `bc` uses [semantic versioning][11].
## Contents
Items labeled with `(maintainer use only)` are not included in release source
tarballs.
Files:
.gitignore The git ignore file (maintainer use only).
.travis.yml The Travis CI file (maintainer use only).
codecov.yml The Codecov file (maintainer use only).
configure A symlink to configure.sh to make packaging easier.
configure.sh The configure script.
functions.sh A script with functions used by other scripts.
install.sh Install script.
karatsuba.py Script to find the optimal Karatsuba number.
LICENSE.md A Markdown form of the BSD 2-clause License.
link.sh A script to link dc to bc.
locale_install.sh A script to install locales, if desired.
locale_uninstall.sh A script to uninstall locales.
Makefile.in The Makefile template.
- manpage.sh Script to generate man pages from ronn files.
+ manpage.sh Script to generate man pages from markdown files.
NOTICE.md List of contributors and copyright owners.
RELEASE.md A checklist for making a release (maintainer use only).
release.sh A script to test for release (maintainer use only).
safe-install.sh Safe install script from musl libc.
Folders:
gen The bc math library, help texts, and code to generate C source.
include All header files.
locales Locale files, in .msg format. Patches welcome for translations.
manuals Manuals for both programs.
src All source code.
tests All tests.
[1]: https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
-[2]: ./manuals/bc.md
-[3]: ./manuals/dc.md
[4]: ./LICENSE.md
[5]: ./manuals/build.md
[6]: https://pkg.musl.cc/bc/
[7]: ./manuals/algorithms.md
[8]: https://git.busybox.net/busybox/tree/miscutils/bc.c
[9]: https://github.com/landley/toybox/blob/master/toys/pending/bc.c
[10]: http://tbaggery.com/2008/04/19/a-note-about-git-commit-messages.html
[11]: http://semver.org/
[12]: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/bc.html
[13]: https://travis-ci.com/gavinhoward/bc.svg?branch=master
[14]: https://travis-ci.com/gavinhoward/bc
[15]: https://codecov.io/gh/gavinhoward/bc/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
[16]: https://codecov.io/gh/gavinhoward/bc
[17]: https://img.shields.io/coverity/scan/16609.svg
[18]: https://scan.coverity.com/projects/gavinhoward-bc
[19]: ./manuals/benchmarks.md
[20]: https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc
[21]: https://gavinhoward.com/2020/04/i-am-moving-away-from-github/
[22]: https://www.deepl.com/translator
+[23]: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd/tree/master/contrib/bc
Index: head/contrib/bc/configure.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/configure.sh (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/configure.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,954 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+script="$0"
+scriptdir=$(dirname "$script")
+script=$(basename "$script")
+
+. "$scriptdir/functions.sh"
+
+usage() {
+
+ if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then
+
+ _usage_val=1
+
+ printf "%s\n\n" "$1"
+
+ else
+ _usage_val=0
+ fi
+
+ printf 'usage: %s -h\n' "$script"
+ printf ' %s --help\n' "$script"
+ printf ' %s [-bD|-dB|-c] [-EfgGHMNPT] [-O OPT_LEVEL] [-k KARATSUBA_LEN]\n' "$script"
+ printf ' %s \\\n' "$script"
+ printf ' [--bc-only --disable-dc|--dc-only --disable-bc|--coverage] \\\n'
+ printf ' [--debug --disable-extra-math --disable-generated-tests] \\\n'
+ printf ' [--disable-history --disable-man-pages --disable-nls] \\\n'
+ printf ' [--disable-prompt --disable-strip] \\\n'
+ printf ' [--opt=OPT_LEVEL] [--karatsuba-len=KARATSUBA_LEN] \\\n'
+ printf ' [--prefix=PREFIX] [--bindir=BINDIR] [--datarootdir=DATAROOTDIR] \\\n'
+ printf ' [--datadir=DATADIR] [--mandir=MANDIR] [--man1dir=MAN1DIR] \\\n'
+ printf ' [--force] \\\n'
+ printf '\n'
+ printf ' -b, --bc-only\n'
+ printf ' Build bc only. It is an error if "-d", "--dc-only", "-B", or "--disable-bc"\n'
+ printf ' are specified too.\n'
+ printf ' -B, --disable-bc\n'
+ printf ' Disable bc. It is an error if "-b", "--bc-only", "-D", or "--disable-dc"\n'
+ printf ' are specified too.\n'
+ printf ' -c, --coverage\n'
+ printf ' Generate test coverage code. Requires gcov and regcovr.\n'
+ printf ' It is an error if either "-b" ("-D") or "-d" ("-B") is specified.\n'
+ printf ' Requires a compiler that use gcc-compatible coverage options\n'
+ printf ' -d, --dc-only\n'
+ printf ' Build dc only. It is an error if "-b", "--bc-only", "-D", or "--disable-dc"\n'
+ printf ' are specified too.\n'
+ printf ' -D, --disable-dc\n'
+ printf ' Disable dc. It is an error if "-d", "--dc-only" "-B", or "--disable-bc"\n'
+ printf ' are specified too.\n'
+ printf ' -E, --disable-extra-math\n'
+ printf ' Disable extra math. This includes: "$" operator (truncate to integer),\n'
+ printf ' "@" operator (set number of decimal places), and r(x, p) (rounding\n'
+ printf ' function). Additionally, this option disables the extra printing\n'
+ printf ' functions in the math library.\n'
+ printf ' -f, --force\n'
+ printf ' Force use of all enabled options, even if they do not work. This\n'
+ printf ' option is to allow the maintainer a way to test that certain options\n'
+ printf ' are not failing invisibly. (Development only.)'
+ printf ' -g, --debug\n'
+ printf ' Build in debug mode. Adds the "-g" flag, and if there are no\n'
+ printf ' other CFLAGS, and "-O" was not given, this also adds the "-O0"\n'
+ printf ' flag. If this flag is *not* given, "-DNDEBUG" is added to CPPFLAGS\n'
+ printf ' and a strip flag is added to the link stage.\n'
+ printf ' -G, --disable-generated-tests\n'
+ printf ' Disable generating tests. This is for platforms that do not have a\n'
+ printf ' GNU bc-compatible bc to generate tests.\n'
+ printf ' -h, --help\n'
+ printf ' Print this help message and exit.\n'
+ printf ' -H, --disable-history\n'
+ printf ' Disable history.\n'
+ printf ' -k KARATSUBA_LEN, --karatsuba-len KARATSUBA_LEN\n'
+ printf ' Set the karatsuba length to KARATSUBA_LEN (default is 64).\n'
+ printf ' It is an error if KARATSUBA_LEN is not a number or is less than 16.\n'
+ printf ' -M, --disable-man-pages\n'
+ printf ' Disable installing manpages.\n'
+ printf ' -N, --disable-nls\n'
+ printf ' Disable POSIX locale (NLS) support.\n'
+ printf ' -O OPT_LEVEL, --opt OPT_LEVEL\n'
+ printf ' Set the optimization level. This can also be included in the CFLAGS,\n'
+ printf ' but it is provided, so maintainers can build optimized debug builds.\n'
+ printf ' This is passed through to the compiler, so it must be supported.\n'
+ printf ' -P, --disable-prompt\n'
+ printf ' Disables the prompt in the built bc. The prompt will never show up,\n'
+ printf ' or in other words, it will be permanently disabled and cannot be\n'
+ printf ' enabled.\n'
+ printf ' -T, --disable-strip\n'
+ printf ' Disable stripping symbols from the compiled binary or binaries.\n'
+ printf ' Stripping symbols only happens when debug mode is off.\n'
+ printf ' --prefix PREFIX\n'
+ printf ' The prefix to install to. Overrides "$PREFIX" if it exists.\n'
+ printf ' If PREFIX is "/usr", install path will be "/usr/bin".\n'
+ printf ' Default is "/usr/local".\n'
+ printf ' --bindir BINDIR\n'
+ printf ' The directory to install binaries. Overrides "$BINDIR" if it exists.\n'
+ printf ' Default is "$PREFIX/bin".\n'
+ printf ' --datarootdir DATAROOTDIR\n'
+ printf ' The root location for data files. Overrides "$DATAROOTDIR" if it exists.\n'
+ printf ' Default is "$PREFIX/share".\n'
+ printf ' --datadir DATADIR\n'
+ printf ' The location for data files. Overrides "$DATADIR" if it exists.\n'
+ printf ' Default is "$DATAROOTDIR".\n'
+ printf ' --mandir MANDIR\n'
+ printf ' The location to install manpages to. Overrides "$MANDIR" if it exists.\n'
+ printf ' Default is "$DATADIR/man".\n'
+ printf ' --man1dir MAN1DIR\n'
+ printf ' The location to install Section 1 manpages to. Overrides "$MAN1DIR" if\n'
+ printf ' it exists. Default is "$MANDIR/man1".\n'
+ printf '\n'
+ printf 'In addition, the following environment variables are used:\n'
+ printf '\n'
+ printf ' CC C compiler. Must be compatible with POSIX c99. If there is a\n'
+ printf ' space in the basename of the compiler, the items after the\n'
+ printf ' first space are assumed to be compiler flags, and in that case,\n'
+ printf ' the flags are automatically moved into CFLAGS. Default is\n'
+ printf ' "c99".\n'
+ printf ' HOSTCC Host C compiler. Must be compatible with POSIX c99. If there is\n'
+ printf ' a space in the basename of the compiler, the items after the\n'
+ printf ' first space are assumed to be compiler flags, and in the case,\n'
+ printf ' the flags are automatically moved into HOSTCFLAGS. Default is\n'
+ printf ' "$CC".\n'
+ printf ' HOST_CC Same as HOSTCC. If HOSTCC also exists, it is used.\n'
+ printf ' CFLAGS C compiler flags.\n'
+ printf ' HOSTCFLAGS CFLAGS for HOSTCC. Default is "$CFLAGS".\n'
+ printf ' HOST_CFLAGS Same as HOST_CFLAGS. If HOST_CFLAGS also exists, it is used.\n'
+ printf ' CPPFLAGS C preprocessor flags. Default is "".\n'
+ printf ' LDFLAGS Linker flags. Default is "".\n'
+ printf ' PREFIX The prefix to install to. Default is "/usr/local".\n'
+ printf ' If PREFIX is "/usr", install path will be "/usr/bin".\n'
+ printf ' BINDIR The directory to install binaries. Default is "$PREFIX/bin".\n'
+ printf ' DATAROOTDIR The root location for data files. Default is "$PREFIX/share".\n'
+ printf ' DATADIR The location for data files. Default is "$DATAROOTDIR".\n'
+ printf ' MANDIR The location to install manpages to. Default is "$DATADIR/man".\n'
+ printf ' MAN1DIR The location to install Section 1 manpages to. Default is\n'
+ printf ' "$MANDIR/man1".\n'
+ printf ' NLSPATH The location to install locale catalogs to. Must be an absolute\n'
+ printf ' path (or contain one). This is treated the same as the POSIX\n'
+ printf ' definition of $NLSPATH (see POSIX environment variables for\n'
+ printf ' more information). Default is "/usr/share/locale/%%L/%%N".\n'
+ printf ' EXECSUFFIX The suffix to append to the executable names, used to not\n'
+ printf ' interfere with other installed bc executables. Default is "".\n'
+ printf ' EXECPREFIX The prefix to append to the executable names, used to not\n'
+ printf ' interfere with other installed bc executables. Default is "".\n'
+ printf ' DESTDIR For package creation. Default is "". If it is empty when\n'
+ printf ' `%s` is run, it can also be passed to `make install`\n' "$script"
+ printf ' later as an environment variable. If both are specified,\n'
+ printf ' the one given to `%s` takes precedence.\n' "$script"
+ printf ' LONG_BIT The number of bits in a C `long` type. This is mostly for the\n'
+ printf ' embedded space since this `bc` uses `long`s internally for\n'
+ printf ' overflow checking. In C99, a `long` is required to be 32 bits.\n'
+ printf ' For most normal desktop systems, setting this is unnecessary,\n'
+ printf ' except that 32-bit platforms with 64-bit longs may want to set\n'
+ printf ' it to `32`. Default is the default of `LONG_BIT` for the target\n'
+ printf ' platform. Minimum allowed is `32`. It is a build time error if\n'
+ printf ' the specified value of `LONG_BIT` is greater than the default\n'
+ printf ' value of `LONG_BIT` for the target platform.\n'
+ printf ' GEN_HOST Whether to use `gen/strgen.c`, instead of `gen/strgen.sh`, to\n'
+ printf ' produce the C files that contain the help texts as well as the\n'
+ printf ' math libraries. By default, `gen/strgen.c` is used, compiled by\n'
+ printf ' "$HOSTCC" and run on the host machine. Using `gen/strgen.sh`\n'
+ printf ' removes the need to compile and run an executable on the host\n'
+ printf ' machine since `gen/strgen.sh` is a POSIX shell script. However,\n'
+ printf ' `gen/lib2.bc` is perilously close to 4095 characters, the max\n'
+ printf ' supported length of a string literal in C99 (and it could be\n'
+ printf ' added to in the future), and `gen/strgen.sh` generates a string\n'
+ printf ' literal instead of an array, as `gen/strgen.c` does. For most\n'
+ printf ' production-ready compilers, this limit probably is not\n'
+ printf ' enforced, but it could be. Both options are still available for\n'
+ printf ' this reason. If you are sure your compiler does not have the\n'
+ printf ' limit and do not want to compile and run a binary on the host\n'
+ printf ' machine, set this variable to "0". Any other value, or a\n'
+ printf ' non-existent value, will cause the build system to compile and\n'
+ printf ' run `gen/strgen.c`. Default is "".\n'
+ printf ' GEN_EMU Emulator to run string generator code under (leave empty if not\n'
+ printf ' necessary). This is not necessary when using `gen/strgen.sh`.\n'
+ printf ' Default is "".\n'
+ printf '\n'
+ printf 'WARNING: even though `configure.sh` supports both option types, short and\n'
+ printf 'long, it does not support handling both at the same time. Use only one type.\n'
+
+ exit "$_usage_val"
+}
+
+replace_ext() {
+
+ if [ "$#" -ne 3 ]; then
+ err_exit "Invalid number of args to $0"
+ fi
+
+ _replace_ext_file="$1"
+ _replace_ext_ext1="$2"
+ _replace_ext_ext2="$3"
+
+ _replace_ext_result=${_replace_ext_file%.$_replace_ext_ext1}.$_replace_ext_ext2
+
+ printf '%s\n' "$_replace_ext_result"
+}
+
+replace_exts() {
+
+ if [ "$#" -ne 3 ]; then
+ err_exit "Invalid number of args to $0"
+ fi
+
+ _replace_exts_files="$1"
+ _replace_exts_ext1="$2"
+ _replace_exts_ext2="$3"
+
+ for _replace_exts_file in $_replace_exts_files; do
+ _replace_exts_new_name=$(replace_ext "$_replace_exts_file" "$_replace_exts_ext1" "$_replace_exts_ext2")
+ _replace_exts_result="$_replace_exts_result $_replace_exts_new_name"
+ done
+
+ printf '%s\n' "$_replace_exts_result"
+}
+
+replace() {
+
+ if [ "$#" -ne 3 ]; then
+ err_exit "Invalid number of args to $0"
+ fi
+
+ _replace_str="$1"
+ _replace_needle="$2"
+ _replace_replacement="$3"
+
+ substring_replace "$_replace_str" "%%$_replace_needle%%" "$_replace_replacement"
+}
+
+gen_file_lists() {
+
+ if [ "$#" -lt 3 ]; then
+ err_exit "Invalid number of args to $0"
+ fi
+
+ _gen_file_lists_contents="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _gen_file_lists_filedir="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _gen_file_lists_typ="$1"
+ shift
+
+ # If there is an extra argument, and it
+ # is zero, we keep the file lists empty.
+ if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ _gen_file_lists_use="$1"
+ else
+ _gen_file_lists_use="1"
+ fi
+
+ _gen_file_lists_needle_src="${_gen_file_lists_typ}SRC"
+ _gen_file_lists_needle_obj="${_gen_file_lists_typ}OBJ"
+ _gen_file_lists_needle_gcda="${_gen_file_lists_typ}GCDA"
+ _gen_file_lists_needle_gcno="${_gen_file_lists_typ}GCNO"
+
+ if [ "$_gen_file_lists_use" -ne 0 ]; then
+
+ _gen_file_lists_replacement=$(cd "$_gen_file_lists_filedir" && find . ! -name . -prune -name "*.c" | cut -d/ -f2 | sed "s@^@$_gen_file_lists_filedir/@g" | tr '\n' ' ')
+ _gen_file_lists_contents=$(replace "$_gen_file_lists_contents" "$_gen_file_lists_needle_src" "$_gen_file_lists_replacement")
+
+ _gen_file_lists_replacement=$(replace_exts "$_gen_file_lists_replacement" "c" "o")
+ _gen_file_lists_contents=$(replace "$_gen_file_lists_contents" "$_gen_file_lists_needle_obj" "$_gen_file_lists_replacement")
+
+ _gen_file_lists_replacement=$(replace_exts "$_gen_file_lists_replacement" "o" "gcda")
+ _gen_file_lists_contents=$(replace "$_gen_file_lists_contents" "$_gen_file_lists_needle_gcda" "$_gen_file_lists_replacement")
+
+ _gen_file_lists_replacement=$(replace_exts "$_gen_file_lists_replacement" "gcda" "gcno")
+ _gen_file_lists_contents=$(replace "$_gen_file_lists_contents" "$_gen_file_lists_needle_gcno" "$_gen_file_lists_replacement")
+
+ else
+ _gen_file_lists_contents=$(replace "$_gen_file_lists_contents" "$_gen_file_lists_needle_src" "")
+ _gen_file_lists_contents=$(replace "$_gen_file_lists_contents" "$_gen_file_lists_needle_obj" "")
+ _gen_file_lists_contents=$(replace "$_gen_file_lists_contents" "$_gen_file_lists_needle_gcda" "")
+ _gen_file_lists_contents=$(replace "$_gen_file_lists_contents" "$_gen_file_lists_needle_gcno" "")
+ fi
+
+ printf '%s\n' "$_gen_file_lists_contents"
+}
+
+bc_only=0
+dc_only=0
+coverage=0
+karatsuba_len=32
+debug=0
+hist=1
+extra_math=1
+optimization=""
+generate_tests=1
+install_manpages=1
+nls=1
+prompt=1
+force=0
+strip_bin=1
+
+while getopts "bBcdDEfgGhHk:MNO:PST-" opt; do
+
+ case "$opt" in
+ b) bc_only=1 ;;
+ B) dc_only=1 ;;
+ c) coverage=1 ;;
+ d) dc_only=1 ;;
+ D) bc_only=1 ;;
+ E) extra_math=0 ;;
+ f) force=1 ;;
+ g) debug=1 ;;
+ G) generate_tests=0 ;;
+ h) usage ;;
+ H) hist=0 ;;
+ k) karatsuba_len="$OPTARG" ;;
+ M) install_manpages=0 ;;
+ N) nls=0 ;;
+ O) optimization="$OPTARG" ;;
+ P) prompt=0 ;;
+ T) strip_bin=0 ;;
+ -)
+ arg="$1"
+ arg="${arg#--}"
+ LONG_OPTARG="${arg#*=}"
+ case $arg in
+ help) usage ;;
+ bc-only) bc_only=1 ;;
+ dc-only) dc_only=1 ;;
+ coverage) coverage=1 ;;
+ debug) debug=1 ;;
+ force) force=1 ;;
+ prefix=?*) PREFIX="$LONG_OPTARG" ;;
+ prefix)
+ if [ "$#" -lt 2 ]; then
+ usage "No argument given for '--$arg' option"
+ fi
+ PREFIX="$2"
+ shift ;;
+ bindir=?*) BINDIR="$LONG_OPTARG" ;;
+ bindir)
+ if [ "$#" -lt 2 ]; then
+ usage "No argument given for '--$arg' option"
+ fi
+ BINDIR="$2"
+ shift ;;
+ datarootdir=?*) DATAROOTDIR="$LONG_OPTARG" ;;
+ datarootdir)
+ if [ "$#" -lt 2 ]; then
+ usage "No argument given for '--$arg' option"
+ fi
+ DATAROOTDIR="$2"
+ shift ;;
+ datadir=?*) DATADIR="$LONG_OPTARG" ;;
+ datadir)
+ if [ "$#" -lt 2 ]; then
+ usage "No argument given for '--$arg' option"
+ fi
+ DATADIR="$2"
+ shift ;;
+ mandir=?*) MANDIR="$LONG_OPTARG" ;;
+ mandir)
+ if [ "$#" -lt 2 ]; then
+ usage "No argument given for '--$arg' option"
+ fi
+ MANDIR="$2"
+ shift ;;
+ man1dir=?*) MAN1DIR="$LONG_OPTARG" ;;
+ man1dir)
+ if [ "$#" -lt 2 ]; then
+ usage "No argument given for '--$arg' option"
+ fi
+ MAN1DIR="$2"
+ shift ;;
+ localedir=?*) LOCALEDIR="$LONG_OPTARG" ;;
+ localedir)
+ if [ "$#" -lt 2 ]; then
+ usage "No argument given for '--$arg' option"
+ fi
+ LOCALEDIR="$2"
+ shift ;;
+ karatsuba-len=?*) karatsuba_len="$LONG_OPTARG" ;;
+ karatsuba-len)
+ if [ "$#" -lt 2 ]; then
+ usage "No argument given for '--$arg' option"
+ fi
+ karatsuba_len="$1"
+ shift ;;
+ opt=?*) optimization="$LONG_OPTARG" ;;
+ opt)
+ if [ "$#" -lt 2 ]; then
+ usage "No argument given for '--$arg' option"
+ fi
+ optimization="$1"
+ shift ;;
+ disable-bc) dc_only=1 ;;
+ disable-dc) bc_only=1 ;;
+ disable-extra-math) extra_math=0 ;;
+ disable-generated-tests) generate_tests=0 ;;
+ disable-history) hist=0 ;;
+ disable-man-pages) install_manpages=0 ;;
+ disable-nls) nls=0 ;;
+ disable-prompt) prompt=0 ;;
+ disable-strip) strip_bin=0 ;;
+ help* | bc-only* | dc-only* | coverage* | debug*)
+ usage "No arg allowed for --$arg option" ;;
+ disable-bc* | disable-dc* | disable-extra-math*)
+ usage "No arg allowed for --$arg option" ;;
+ disable-generated-tests* | disable-history*)
+ usage "No arg allowed for --$arg option" ;;
+ disable-man-pages* | disable-nls* | disable-strip*)
+ usage "No arg allowed for --$arg option" ;;
+ '') break ;; # "--" terminates argument processing
+ * ) usage "Invalid option $LONG_OPTARG" ;;
+ esac
+ shift
+ OPTIND=1 ;;
+ ?) usage "Invalid option $opt" ;;
+ esac
+
+done
+
+if [ "$bc_only" -eq 1 ] && [ "$dc_only" -eq 1 ]; then
+ usage "Can only specify one of -b(-D) or -d(-B)"
+fi
+
+case $karatsuba_len in
+ (*[!0-9]*|'') usage "KARATSUBA_LEN is not a number" ;;
+ (*) ;;
+esac
+
+if [ "$karatsuba_len" -lt 16 ]; then
+ usage "KARATSUBA_LEN is less than 16"
+fi
+
+set -e
+
+if [ -z "${LONG_BIT+set}" ]; then
+ LONG_BIT_DEFINE=""
+elif [ "$LONG_BIT" -lt 32 ]; then
+ usage "LONG_BIT is less than 32"
+else
+ LONG_BIT_DEFINE="-DBC_LONG_BIT=\$(BC_LONG_BIT)"
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$CC" ]; then
+ CC="c99"
+else
+ ccbase=$(basename "$CC")
+ suffix=" *"
+ prefix="* "
+
+ if [ "${ccbase%%$suffix}" != "$ccbase" ]; then
+ ccflags="${ccbase#$prefix}"
+ cc="${ccbase%%$suffix}"
+ ccdir=$(dirname "$CC")
+ if [ "$ccdir" = "." ] && [ "${CC#.}" = "$CC" ]; then
+ ccdir=""
+ else
+ ccdir="$ccdir/"
+ fi
+ CC="${ccdir}${cc}"
+ CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $ccflags"
+ fi
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$HOSTCC" ] && [ -z "$HOST_CC" ]; then
+ HOSTCC="$CC"
+elif [ -z "$HOSTCC" ]; then
+ HOSTCC="$HOST_CC"
+fi
+
+if [ "$HOSTCC" != "$CC" ]; then
+ ccbase=$(basename "$HOSTCC")
+ suffix=" *"
+ prefix="* "
+
+ if [ "${ccbase%%$suffix}" != "$ccbase" ]; then
+ ccflags="${ccbase#$prefix}"
+ cc="${ccbase%%$suffix}"
+ ccdir=$(dirname "$HOSTCC")
+ if [ "$ccdir" = "." ] && [ "${HOSTCC#.}" = "$HOSTCC" ]; then
+ ccdir=""
+ else
+ ccdir="$ccdir/"
+ fi
+ HOSTCC="${ccdir}${cc}"
+ HOSTCFLAGS="$HOSTCFLAGS $ccflags"
+ fi
+fi
+
+if [ -z "${HOSTCFLAGS+set}" ] && [ -z "${HOST_CFLAGS+set}" ]; then
+ HOSTCFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
+elif [ -z "${HOSTCFLAGS+set}" ]; then
+ HOSTCFLAGS="$HOST_CFLAGS"
+fi
+
+link="@printf 'No link necessary\\\\n'"
+main_exec="BC"
+executable="BC_EXEC"
+
+bc_test="@tests/all.sh bc $extra_math 1 $generate_tests 0 \$(BC_EXEC)"
+bc_time_test="@tests/all.sh bc $extra_math 1 $generate_tests 1 \$(BC_EXEC)"
+
+dc_test="@tests/all.sh dc $extra_math 1 $generate_tests 0 \$(DC_EXEC)"
+dc_time_test="@tests/all.sh dc $extra_math 1 $generate_tests 1 \$(DC_EXEC)"
+
+timeconst="@tests/bc/timeconst.sh tests/bc/scripts/timeconst.bc \$(BC_EXEC)"
+
+# In order to have cleanup at exit, we need to be in
+# debug mode, so don't run valgrind without that.
+if [ "$debug" -ne 0 ]; then
+ vg_bc_test="@tests/all.sh bc $extra_math 1 $generate_tests 0 valgrind \$(VALGRIND_ARGS) \$(BC_EXEC)"
+ vg_dc_test="@tests/all.sh dc $extra_math 1 $generate_tests 0 valgrind \$(VALGRIND_ARGS) \$(DC_EXEC)"
+else
+ vg_bc_test="@printf 'Cannot run valgrind without debug flags\\\\n'"
+ vg_dc_test="@printf 'Cannot run valgrind without debug flags\\\\n'"
+fi
+
+karatsuba="@printf 'karatsuba cannot be run because one of bc or dc is not built\\\\n'"
+karatsuba_test="@printf 'karatsuba cannot be run because one of bc or dc is not built\\\\n'"
+
+bc_lib="\$(GEN_DIR)/lib.o"
+bc_help="\$(GEN_DIR)/bc_help.o"
+dc_help="\$(GEN_DIR)/dc_help.o"
+
+if [ "$bc_only" -eq 1 ]; then
+
+ bc=1
+ dc=0
+
+ dc_help=""
+
+ executables="bc"
+
+ dc_test="@printf 'No dc tests to run\\\\n'"
+ dc_time_test="@printf 'No dc tests to run\\\\n'"
+ vg_dc_test="@printf 'No dc tests to run\\\\n'"
+
+ install_prereqs=" install_bc_manpage"
+ uninstall_prereqs=" uninstall_bc"
+ uninstall_man_prereqs=" uninstall_bc_manpage"
+
+elif [ "$dc_only" -eq 1 ]; then
+
+ bc=0
+ dc=1
+
+ bc_lib=""
+ bc_help=""
+
+ executables="dc"
+
+ main_exec="DC"
+ executable="DC_EXEC"
+
+ bc_test="@printf 'No bc tests to run\\\\n'"
+ bc_time_test="@printf 'No bc tests to run\\\\n'"
+ vg_bc_test="@printf 'No bc tests to run\\\\n'"
+
+ timeconst="@printf 'timeconst cannot be run because bc is not built\\\\n'"
+
+ install_prereqs=" install_dc_manpage"
+ uninstall_prereqs=" uninstall_dc"
+ uninstall_man_prereqs=" uninstall_dc_manpage"
+
+else
+
+ bc=1
+ dc=1
+
+ executables="bc and dc"
+
+ link="\$(LINK) \$(BIN) \$(EXEC_PREFIX)\$(DC)"
+
+ karatsuba="@\$(KARATSUBA) 30 0 \$(BC_EXEC)"
+ karatsuba_test="@\$(KARATSUBA) 1 100 \$(BC_EXEC)"
+
+ install_prereqs=" install_bc_manpage install_dc_manpage"
+ uninstall_prereqs=" uninstall_bc uninstall_dc"
+ uninstall_man_prereqs=" uninstall_bc_manpage uninstall_dc_manpage"
+
+fi
+
+if [ "$debug" -eq 1 ]; then
+
+ if [ -z "$CFLAGS" ] && [ -z "$optimization" ]; then
+ CFLAGS="-O0"
+ fi
+
+ CFLAGS="-g $CFLAGS"
+
+else
+ CPPFLAGS="-DNDEBUG $CPPFLAGS"
+ if [ "$strip_bin" -ne 0 ]; then
+ LDFLAGS="-s $LDFLAGS"
+ fi
+fi
+
+if [ -n "$optimization" ]; then
+ CFLAGS="-O$optimization $CFLAGS"
+fi
+
+if [ "$coverage" -eq 1 ]; then
+
+ if [ "$bc_only" -eq 1 ] || [ "$dc_only" -eq 1 ]; then
+ usage "Can only specify -c without -b or -d"
+ fi
+
+ CFLAGS="-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage -g -O0 $CFLAGS"
+ CPPFLAGS="-DNDEBUG $CPPFLAGS"
+
+ COVERAGE_OUTPUT="@gcov -pabcdf \$(GCDA) \$(BC_GCDA) \$(DC_GCDA) \$(HISTORY_GCDA) \$(RAND_GCDA)"
+ COVERAGE_OUTPUT="$COVERAGE_OUTPUT;\$(RM) -f \$(GEN)*.gc*"
+ COVERAGE_OUTPUT="$COVERAGE_OUTPUT;gcovr --html-details --output index.html"
+ COVERAGE_PREREQS=" test coverage_output"
+
+else
+ COVERAGE_OUTPUT="@printf 'Coverage not generated\\\\n'"
+ COVERAGE_PREREQS=""
+fi
+
+if [ -z "${DESTDIR+set}" ]; then
+ destdir=""
+else
+ destdir="DESTDIR = $DESTDIR"
+fi
+
+if [ -z "${PREFIX+set}" ]; then
+ PREFIX="/usr/local"
+fi
+
+if [ -z "${BINDIR+set}" ]; then
+ BINDIR="$PREFIX/bin"
+fi
+
+if [ "$install_manpages" -ne 0 ] || [ "$nls" -ne 0 ]; then
+ if [ -z "${DATAROOTDIR+set}" ]; then
+ DATAROOTDIR="$PREFIX/share"
+ fi
+fi
+
+if [ "$install_manpages" -ne 0 ]; then
+
+ if [ -z "${DATADIR+set}" ]; then
+ DATADIR="$DATAROOTDIR"
+ fi
+
+ if [ -z "${MANDIR+set}" ]; then
+ MANDIR="$DATADIR/man"
+ fi
+
+ if [ -z "${MAN1DIR+set}" ]; then
+ MAN1DIR="$MANDIR/man1"
+ fi
+
+else
+ install_prereqs=""
+ uninstall_man_prereqs=""
+fi
+
+if [ "$nls" -ne 0 ]; then
+
+ set +e
+
+ printf 'Testing NLS...\n'
+
+ flags="-DBC_ENABLE_NLS=1 -DBC_ENABLED=$bc -DDC_ENABLED=$dc"
+ flags="$flags -DBC_ENABLE_HISTORY=$hist"
+ flags="$flags -DBC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH=$extra_math -I./include/"
+ flags="$flags -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=700"
+
+ "$CC" $CPPFLAGS $CFLAGS $flags -c "src/vm.c" -o "$scriptdir/vm.o" > /dev/null 2>&1
+
+ err="$?"
+
+ rm -rf "$scriptdir/vm.o"
+
+ # If this errors, it is probably because of building on Windows,
+ # and NLS is not supported on Windows, so disable it.
+ if [ "$err" -ne 0 ]; then
+ printf 'NLS does not work.\n'
+ if [ $force -eq 0 ]; then
+ printf 'Disabling NLS...\n\n'
+ nls=0
+ else
+ printf 'Forcing NLS...\n\n'
+ fi
+ else
+ printf 'NLS works.\n\n'
+
+ printf 'Testing gencat...\n'
+ gencat "$scriptdir/en_US.cat" "$scriptdir/locales/en_US.msg" > /dev/null 2>&1
+
+ err="$?"
+
+ rm -rf "$scriptdir/en_US.cat"
+
+ if [ "$err" -ne 0 ]; then
+ printf 'gencat does not work.\n'
+ if [ $force -eq 0 ]; then
+ printf 'Disabling NLS...\n\n'
+ nls=0
+ else
+ printf 'Forcing NLS...\n\n'
+ fi
+ else
+
+ printf 'gencat works.\n\n'
+
+ if [ "$HOSTCC" != "$CC" ]; then
+ printf 'Cross-compile detected.\n\n'
+ printf 'WARNING: Catalog files generated with gencat may not be portable\n'
+ printf ' across different architectures.\n\n'
+ fi
+
+ if [ -z "$NLSPATH" ]; then
+ NLSPATH="/usr/share/locale/%L/%N"
+ fi
+
+ install_locales_prereqs=" install_locales"
+ uninstall_locales_prereqs=" uninstall_locales"
+
+ fi
+
+ fi
+
+ set -e
+
+else
+ install_locales_prereqs=""
+ uninstall_locales_prereqs=""
+fi
+
+if [ "$hist" -eq 1 ]; then
+
+ set +e
+
+ printf 'Testing history...\n'
+
+ flags="-DBC_ENABLE_HISTORY=1 -DBC_ENABLED=$bc -DDC_ENABLED=$dc"
+ flags="$flags -DBC_ENABLE_NLS=$nls"
+ flags="$flags -DBC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH=$extra_math -I./include/"
+ flags="$flags -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=700"
+
+ "$CC" $CPPFLAGS $CFLAGS $flags -c "src/history/history.c" -o "$scriptdir/history.o" > /dev/null 2>&1
+
+ err="$?"
+
+ rm -rf "$scriptdir/history.o"
+
+ # If this errors, it is probably because of building on Windows,
+ # and history is not supported on Windows, so disable it.
+ if [ "$err" -ne 0 ]; then
+ printf 'History does not work.\n'
+ if [ $force -eq 0 ]; then
+ printf 'Disabling history...\n\n'
+ hist=0
+ else
+ printf 'Forcing history...\n\n'
+ fi
+ else
+ printf 'History works.\n\n'
+ fi
+
+ set -e
+
+fi
+
+if [ "$extra_math" -eq 1 ] && [ "$bc" -ne 0 ]; then
+ BC_LIB2_O="\$(GEN_DIR)/lib2.o"
+else
+ BC_LIB2_O=""
+fi
+
+GEN="strgen"
+GEN_EXEC_TARGET="\$(HOSTCC) \$(HOSTCFLAGS) -o \$(GEN_EXEC) \$(GEN_C)"
+CLEAN_PREREQS=" clean_gen"
+
+if [ -z "${GEN_HOST+set}" ]; then
+ GEN_HOST=1
+else
+ if [ "$GEN_HOST" -eq 0 ]; then
+ GEN="strgen.sh"
+ GEN_EXEC_TARGET="@printf 'Do not need to build gen/strgen.c\\\\n'"
+ CLEAN_PREREQS=""
+ fi
+fi
+
+manpage_args=""
+
+if [ "$extra_math" -eq 0 ]; then
+ manpage_args="E"
+fi
+
+if [ "$hist" -eq 0 ]; then
+ manpage_args="${manpage_args}H"
+fi
+
+if [ "$nls" -eq 0 ]; then
+ manpage_args="${manpage_args}N"
+fi
+
+if [ "$prompt" -eq 0 ]; then
+ manpage_args="${manpage_args}P"
+fi
+
+if [ "$manpage_args" = "" ]; then
+ manpage_args="A"
+fi
+
+# Print out the values; this is for debugging.
+if [ "$bc" -ne 0 ]; then
+ printf 'Building bc\n'
+else
+ printf 'Not building bc\n'
+fi
+if [ "$dc" -ne 0 ]; then
+ printf 'Building dc\n'
+else
+ printf 'Not building dc\n'
+fi
+printf '\n'
+printf 'BC_ENABLE_HISTORY=%s\n' "$hist"
+printf 'BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH=%s\n' "$extra_math"
+printf 'BC_ENABLE_NLS=%s\n' "$nls"
+printf 'BC_ENABLE_PROMPT=%s\n' "$prompt"
+printf '\n'
+printf 'BC_NUM_KARATSUBA_LEN=%s\n' "$karatsuba_len"
+printf '\n'
+printf 'CC=%s\n' "$CC"
+printf 'CFLAGS=%s\n' "$CFLAGS"
+printf 'HOSTCC=%s\n' "$HOSTCC"
+printf 'HOSTCFLAGS=%s\n' "$HOSTCFLAGS"
+printf 'CPPFLAGS=%s\n' "$CPPFLAGS"
+printf 'LDFLAGS=%s\n' "$LDFLAGS"
+printf 'PREFIX=%s\n' "$PREFIX"
+printf 'BINDIR=%s\n' "$BINDIR"
+printf 'DATAROOTDIR=%s\n' "$DATAROOTDIR"
+printf 'DATADIR=%s\n' "$DATADIR"
+printf 'MANDIR=%s\n' "$MANDIR"
+printf 'MAN1DIR=%s\n' "$MAN1DIR"
+printf 'NLSPATH=%s\n' "$NLSPATH"
+printf 'EXECSUFFIX=%s\n' "$EXECSUFFIX"
+printf 'EXECPREFIX=%s\n' "$EXECPREFIX"
+printf 'DESTDIR=%s\n' "$DESTDIR"
+printf 'LONG_BIT=%s\n' "$LONG_BIT"
+printf 'GEN_HOST=%s\n' "$GEN_HOST"
+printf 'GEN_EMU=%s\n' "$GEN_EMU"
+
+contents=$(cat "$scriptdir/Makefile.in")
+
+needle="WARNING"
+replacement='*** WARNING: Autogenerated from Makefile.in. DO NOT MODIFY ***'
+
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "$needle" "$replacement")
+
+contents=$(gen_file_lists "$contents" "$scriptdir/src" "")
+contents=$(gen_file_lists "$contents" "$scriptdir/src/bc" "BC_" "$bc")
+contents=$(gen_file_lists "$contents" "$scriptdir/src/dc" "DC_" "$dc")
+contents=$(gen_file_lists "$contents" "$scriptdir/src/history" "HISTORY_" "$hist")
+contents=$(gen_file_lists "$contents" "$scriptdir/src/rand" "RAND_" "$extra_math")
+
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "BC_ENABLED" "$bc")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "DC_ENABLED" "$dc")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "LINK" "$link")
+
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "HISTORY" "$hist")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "EXTRA_MATH" "$extra_math")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "NLS" "$nls")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "PROMPT" "$prompt")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "BC_LIB_O" "$bc_lib")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "BC_HELP_O" "$bc_help")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "DC_HELP_O" "$dc_help")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "BC_LIB2_O" "$BC_LIB2_O")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "KARATSUBA_LEN" "$karatsuba_len")
+
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "NLSPATH" "$NLSPATH")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "DESTDIR" "$destdir")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "EXECSUFFIX" "$EXECSUFFIX")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "EXECPREFIX" "$EXECPREFIX")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "BINDIR" "$BINDIR")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "MAN1DIR" "$MAN1DIR")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "CFLAGS" "$CFLAGS")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "HOSTCFLAGS" "$HOSTCFLAGS")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "CPPFLAGS" "$CPPFLAGS")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "LDFLAGS" "$LDFLAGS")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "CC" "$CC")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "HOSTCC" "$HOSTCC")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "COVERAGE_OUTPUT" "$COVERAGE_OUTPUT")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "COVERAGE_PREREQS" "$COVERAGE_PREREQS")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "INSTALL_PREREQS" "$install_prereqs")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "INSTALL_LOCALES_PREREQS" "$install_locales_prereqs")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "UNINSTALL_MAN_PREREQS" "$uninstall_man_prereqs")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "UNINSTALL_PREREQS" "$uninstall_prereqs")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "UNINSTALL_LOCALES_PREREQS" "$uninstall_locales_prereqs")
+
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "EXECUTABLES" "$executables")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "MAIN_EXEC" "$main_exec")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "EXEC" "$executable")
+
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "BC_TEST" "$bc_test")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "BC_TIME_TEST" "$bc_time_test")
+
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "DC_TEST" "$dc_test")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "DC_TIME_TEST" "$dc_time_test")
+
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "VG_BC_TEST" "$vg_bc_test")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "VG_DC_TEST" "$vg_dc_test")
+
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "TIMECONST" "$timeconst")
+
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "KARATSUBA" "$karatsuba")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "KARATSUBA_TEST" "$karatsuba_test")
+
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "LONG_BIT" "$LONG_BIT")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "LONG_BIT_DEFINE" "$LONG_BIT_DEFINE")
+
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "GEN" "$GEN")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "GEN_EXEC_TARGET" "$GEN_EXEC_TARGET")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "CLEAN_PREREQS" "$CLEAN_PREREQS")
+contents=$(replace "$contents" "GEN_EMU" "$GEN_EMU")
+
+printf '%s\n' "$contents" > "$scriptdir/Makefile"
+
+cd "$scriptdir"
+
+cp -f manuals/bc/$manpage_args.1.md manuals/bc.1.md
+cp -f manuals/bc/$manpage_args.1 manuals/bc.1
+cp -f manuals/dc/$manpage_args.1.md manuals/dc.1.md
+cp -f manuals/dc/$manpage_args.1 manuals/dc.1
+
+make clean > /dev/null
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/configure.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/functions.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/functions.sh (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/functions.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+readlink() {
+
+ _readlink_f="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _readlink_arrow="-> "
+ _readlink_d=$(dirname "$_readlink_f")
+
+ _readlink_lsout=""
+ _readlink_link=""
+
+ _readlink_lsout=$(ls -dl "$_readlink_f")
+ _readlink_link=$(printf '%s' "${_readlink_lsout#*$_readlink_arrow}")
+
+ while [ -z "${_readlink_lsout##*$_readlink_arrow*}" ]; do
+ _readlink_f="$_readlink_d/$_readlink_link"
+ _readlink_d=$(dirname "$_readlink_f")
+ _readlink_lsout=$(ls -dl "$_readlink_f")
+ _readlink_link=$(printf '%s' "${_readlink_lsout#*$_readlink_arrow}")
+ done
+
+ printf '%s' "${_readlink_f##*$_readlink_d/}"
+}
+
+err_exit() {
+
+ if [ "$#" -ne 2 ]; then
+ printf 'Invalid number of args to err_exit\n'
+ exit 1
+ fi
+
+ printf '%s\n' "$1"
+ printf '\nexiting...\n'
+ exit "$2"
+}
+
+die() {
+
+ _die_d="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _die_msg="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _die_name="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _die_err="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _die_str=$(printf '\n%s %s on test:\n\n %s\n' "$_die_d" "$_die_msg" "$_die_name")
+
+ err_exit "$_die_str" "$_die_err"
+}
+
+checkcrash() {
+
+ _checkcrash_d="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _checkcrash_error="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _checkcrash_name="$1"
+ shift
+
+ if [ "$_checkcrash_error" -gt 127 ]; then
+ die "$_checkcrash_d" "crashed ($_checkcrash_error)" \
+ "$_checkcrash_name" "$_checkcrash_error"
+ fi
+}
+
+checktest()
+{
+ _checktest_d="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _checktest_error="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _checktest_name="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _checktest_out="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _checktest_exebase="$1"
+ shift
+
+ checkcrash "$_checktest_d" "$_checktest_error" "$_checktest_name"
+
+ if [ "$_checktest_error" -eq 0 ]; then
+ die "$_checktest_d" "returned no error" "$_checktest_name" 127
+ fi
+
+ if [ "$_checktest_error" -eq 100 ]; then
+
+ _checktest_output=$(cat "$_checktest_out")
+ _checktest_fatal_error="Fatal error"
+
+ if [ "${_checktest_output##*$_checktest_fatal_error*}" ]; then
+ printf "%s\n" "$_checktest_output"
+ die "$_checktest_d" "had memory errors on a non-fatal error" \
+ "$_checktest_name" "$_checktest_error"
+ fi
+ fi
+
+ if [ ! -s "$_checktest_out" ]; then
+ die "$_checktest_d" "produced no error message" "$_checktest_name" "$_checktest_error"
+ fi
+
+ # Display the error messages if not directly running exe.
+ # This allows the script to print valgrind output.
+ if [ "$_checktest_exebase" != "bc" -a "$_checktest_exebase" != "dc" ]; then
+ cat "$_checktest_out"
+ fi
+}
+
+substring_replace() {
+
+ _substring_replace_str="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _substring_replace_needle="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _substring_replace_replacement="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _substring_replace_result=$(printf '%s\n' "$_substring_replace_str" | \
+ sed -e "s!$_substring_replace_needle!$_substring_replace_replacement!g")
+
+ printf '%s' "$_substring_replace_result"
+}
+
+gen_nlspath() {
+
+ _gen_nlspath_nlspath="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _gen_nlspath_locale="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _gen_nlspath_execname="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _gen_nlspath_char="@"
+ _gen_nlspath_modifier="${_gen_nlspath_locale#*$_gen_nlspath_char}"
+ _gen_nlspath_tmplocale="${_gen_nlspath_locale%%$_gen_nlspath_char*}"
+
+ _gen_nlspath_char="."
+ _gen_nlspath_charset="${_gen_nlspath_tmplocale#*$_gen_nlspath_char}"
+ _gen_nlspath_tmplocale="${_gen_nlspath_tmplocale%%$_gen_nlspath_char*}"
+
+ if [ "$_gen_nlspath_charset" = "$_gen_nlspath_tmplocale" ]; then
+ _gen_nlspath_charset=""
+ fi
+
+ _gen_nlspath_char="_"
+ _gen_nlspath_territory="${_gen_nlspath_tmplocale#*$_gen_nlspath_char}"
+ _gen_nlspath_language="${_gen_nlspath_tmplocale%%$_gen_nlspath_char*}"
+
+ if [ "$_gen_nlspath_territory" = "$_gen_nlspath_tmplocale" ]; then
+ _gen_nlspath_territory=""
+ fi
+
+ if [ "$_gen_nlspath_language" = "$_gen_nlspath_tmplocale" ]; then
+ _gen_nlspath_language=""
+ fi
+
+ _gen_nlspath_needles="%%:%L:%N:%l:%t:%c"
+
+ _gen_nlspath_needles=$(printf '%s' "$_gen_nlspath_needles" | tr ':' '\n')
+
+ for _gen_nlspath_i in $_gen_nlspath_needles; do
+ _gen_nlspath_nlspath=$(substring_replace "$_gen_nlspath_nlspath" "$_gen_nlspath_i" "|$_gen_nlspath_i|")
+ done
+
+ _gen_nlspath_nlspath=$(substring_replace "$_gen_nlspath_nlspath" "%%" "%")
+ _gen_nlspath_nlspath=$(substring_replace "$_gen_nlspath_nlspath" "%L" "$_gen_nlspath_locale")
+ _gen_nlspath_nlspath=$(substring_replace "$_gen_nlspath_nlspath" "%N" "$_gen_nlspath_execname")
+ _gen_nlspath_nlspath=$(substring_replace "$_gen_nlspath_nlspath" "%l" "$_gen_nlspath_language")
+ _gen_nlspath_nlspath=$(substring_replace "$_gen_nlspath_nlspath" "%t" "$_gen_nlspath_territory")
+ _gen_nlspath_nlspath=$(substring_replace "$_gen_nlspath_nlspath" "%c" "$_gen_nlspath_charset")
+
+ _gen_nlspath_nlspath=$(printf '%s' "$_gen_nlspath_nlspath" | tr -d '|')
+
+ printf '%s' "$_gen_nlspath_nlspath"
+}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/functions.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/include/args.h
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/include/args.h (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/include/args.h (revision 362987)
@@ -1,46 +1,46 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
- * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
*
- * All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Definitions for processing command-line arguments.
*
*/
#ifndef BC_ARGS_H
#define BC_ARGS_H
#include <status.h>
#include <vm.h>
void bc_args(int argc, char *argv[]);
extern const char* const bc_args_env_name;
#endif // BC_ARGS_H
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/include/args.h
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/include/bc.h
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/include/bc.h (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/include/bc.h (revision 362987)
@@ -1,181 +1,181 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Definitions for bc.
*
*/
#ifndef BC_BC_H
#define BC_BC_H
#if BC_ENABLED
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <lex.h>
#include <parse.h>
void bc_main(int argc, char **argv);
extern const char bc_help[];
extern const char bc_lib[];
extern const char* bc_lib_name;
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
extern const char bc_lib2[];
extern const char* bc_lib2_name;
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
typedef struct BcLexKeyword {
uchar data;
const char name[9];
} BcLexKeyword;
#define BC_LEX_CHAR_MSB(bit) ((bit) << (CHAR_BIT - 1))
#define BC_LEX_KW_POSIX(kw) ((kw)->data & (BC_LEX_CHAR_MSB(1)))
#define BC_LEX_KW_LEN(kw) ((size_t) ((kw)->data & ~(BC_LEX_CHAR_MSB(1))))
#define BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY(a, b, c) \
{ .data = ((b) & ~(BC_LEX_CHAR_MSB(1))) | BC_LEX_CHAR_MSB(c), .name = a }
extern const BcLexKeyword bc_lex_kws[];
extern const size_t bc_lex_kws_len;
void bc_lex_token(BcLex *l);
#define BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG_PTR(p) ((uint16_t*) bc_vec_top(&(p)->flags))
#define BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG(p) (*(BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG_PTR(p)))
#define BC_PARSE_FLAG_BRACE (UINTMAX_C(1)<<0)
#define BC_PARSE_BRACE(p) (BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG(p) & BC_PARSE_FLAG_BRACE)
#define BC_PARSE_FLAG_FUNC_INNER (UINTMAX_C(1)<<1)
#define BC_PARSE_FUNC_INNER(p) (BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG(p) & BC_PARSE_FLAG_FUNC_INNER)
#define BC_PARSE_FLAG_FUNC (UINTMAX_C(1)<<2)
#define BC_PARSE_FUNC(p) (BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG(p) & BC_PARSE_FLAG_FUNC)
#define BC_PARSE_FLAG_BODY (UINTMAX_C(1)<<3)
#define BC_PARSE_BODY(p) (BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG(p) & BC_PARSE_FLAG_BODY)
#define BC_PARSE_FLAG_LOOP (UINTMAX_C(1)<<4)
#define BC_PARSE_LOOP(p) (BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG(p) & BC_PARSE_FLAG_LOOP)
#define BC_PARSE_FLAG_LOOP_INNER (UINTMAX_C(1)<<5)
#define BC_PARSE_LOOP_INNER(p) (BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG(p) & BC_PARSE_FLAG_LOOP_INNER)
#define BC_PARSE_FLAG_IF (UINTMAX_C(1)<<6)
#define BC_PARSE_IF(p) (BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG(p) & BC_PARSE_FLAG_IF)
#define BC_PARSE_FLAG_ELSE (UINTMAX_C(1)<<7)
#define BC_PARSE_ELSE(p) (BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG(p) & BC_PARSE_FLAG_ELSE)
#define BC_PARSE_FLAG_IF_END (UINTMAX_C(1)<<8)
#define BC_PARSE_IF_END(p) (BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG(p) & BC_PARSE_FLAG_IF_END)
#define BC_PARSE_NO_EXEC(p) ((p)->flags.len != 1 || BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG(p) != 0)
#define BC_PARSE_DELIMITER(t) \
((t) == BC_LEX_SCOLON || (t) == BC_LEX_NLINE || (t) == BC_LEX_EOF)
#define BC_PARSE_BLOCK_STMT(f) \
((f) & (BC_PARSE_FLAG_ELSE | BC_PARSE_FLAG_LOOP_INNER))
#define BC_PARSE_OP(p, l) (((p) & ~(BC_LEX_CHAR_MSB(1))) | (BC_LEX_CHAR_MSB(l)))
#define BC_PARSE_OP_DATA(t) bc_parse_ops[((t) - BC_LEX_OP_INC)]
#define BC_PARSE_OP_LEFT(op) (BC_PARSE_OP_DATA(op) & BC_LEX_CHAR_MSB(1))
#define BC_PARSE_OP_PREC(op) (BC_PARSE_OP_DATA(op) & ~(BC_LEX_CHAR_MSB(1)))
#define BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8) \
((UINTMAX_C(e1) << 7) | (UINTMAX_C(e2) << 6) | (UINTMAX_C(e3) << 5) | \
(UINTMAX_C(e4) << 4) | (UINTMAX_C(e5) << 3) | (UINTMAX_C(e6) << 2) | \
(UINTMAX_C(e7) << 1) | (UINTMAX_C(e8) << 0))
#define BC_PARSE_EXPR(i) \
(bc_parse_exprs[(((i) & (uchar) ~(0x07)) >> 3)] & (1 << (7 - ((i) & 0x07))))
#define BC_PARSE_TOP_OP(p) (*((BcLexType*) bc_vec_top(&(p)->ops)))
#define BC_PARSE_LEAF(prev, bin_last, rparen) \
(!(bin_last) && ((rparen) || bc_parse_inst_isLeaf(prev)))
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
#define BC_PARSE_INST_VAR(t) \
((t) >= BC_INST_VAR && (t) <= BC_INST_SEED && (t) != BC_INST_ARRAY)
-#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
#define BC_PARSE_INST_VAR(t) \
((t) >= BC_INST_VAR && (t) <= BC_INST_SCALE && (t) != BC_INST_ARRAY)
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
#define BC_PARSE_PREV_PREFIX(p) \
((p) >= BC_INST_NEG && (p) <= BC_INST_BOOL_NOT)
#define BC_PARSE_OP_PREFIX(t) ((t) == BC_LEX_OP_BOOL_NOT || (t) == BC_LEX_NEG)
// We can calculate the conversion between tokens and exprs by subtracting the
// position of the first operator in the lex enum and adding the position of
// the first in the expr enum. Note: This only works for binary operators.
#define BC_PARSE_TOKEN_INST(t) ((uchar) ((t) - BC_LEX_NEG + BC_INST_NEG))
typedef enum BcParseStatus {
BC_PARSE_STATUS_SUCCESS,
BC_PARSE_STATUS_EMPTY_EXPR,
} BcParseStatus;
void bc_parse_expr(BcParse *p, uint8_t flags);
void bc_parse_parse(BcParse *p);
void bc_parse_expr_status(BcParse *p, uint8_t flags, BcParseNext next);
// This is necessary to clear up for if statements at the end of files.
void bc_parse_noElse(BcParse *p);
extern const char bc_sig_msg[];
extern const uchar bc_sig_msg_len;
extern const char* const bc_parse_const1;
extern const uint8_t bc_parse_exprs[];
extern const uchar bc_parse_ops[];
extern const BcParseNext bc_parse_next_expr;
extern const BcParseNext bc_parse_next_param;
extern const BcParseNext bc_parse_next_print;
extern const BcParseNext bc_parse_next_rel;
extern const BcParseNext bc_parse_next_elem;
extern const BcParseNext bc_parse_next_for;
extern const BcParseNext bc_parse_next_read;
#endif // BC_ENABLED
#endif // BC_BC_H
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/include/bc.h
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/include/dc.h
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/include/dc.h (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/include/dc.h (revision 362987)
@@ -1,70 +1,66 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Definitions for bc.
*
*/
#ifndef BC_DC_H
#define BC_DC_H
-
-#ifndef DC_ENABLE_RAND
-#define DC_ENABLE_RAND (1)
-#endif // DC_ENABLE_RAND
#if DC_ENABLED
#include <status.h>
#include <lex.h>
#include <parse.h>
void dc_main(int argc, char **argv);
extern const char dc_help[];
void dc_lex_token(BcLex *l);
bool dc_lex_negCommand(BcLex *l);
extern const char dc_sig_msg[];
extern const uchar dc_sig_msg_len;
extern const uint8_t dc_lex_regs[];
extern const size_t dc_lex_regs_len;
extern const uint8_t dc_lex_tokens[];
extern const uint8_t dc_parse_insts[];
void dc_parse_parse(BcParse *p);
void dc_parse_expr(BcParse *p, uint8_t flags);
#endif // DC_ENABLED
#endif // BC_DC_H
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/include/dc.h
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/include/file.h
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/include/file.h (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/include/file.h (revision 362987)
@@ -1,67 +1,67 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
- * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
*
- * All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Definitions for implementing buffered I/O on my own terms.
*
*/
#ifndef BC_FILE_H
#define BC_FILE_H
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <vector.h>
#define BC_FILE_ULL_LENGTH (21)
typedef struct BcFile {
int fd;
char *buf;
size_t len;
size_t cap;
} BcFile;
void bc_file_init(BcFile *f, int fd, char *buf, size_t cap);
void bc_file_free(BcFile *f);
void bc_file_putchar(BcFile *restrict f, uchar c);
BcStatus bc_file_flushErr(BcFile *restrict f);
void bc_file_flush(BcFile *restrict f);
void bc_file_write(BcFile *restrict f, const char *buf, size_t n);
void bc_file_printf(BcFile *restrict f, const char *fmt, ...);
void bc_file_vprintf(BcFile *restrict f, const char *fmt, va_list args);
void bc_file_puts(BcFile *restrict f, const char *str);
void bc_file_ultoa(unsigned long long val, char buf[BC_FILE_ULL_LENGTH]);
#endif // BC_FILE_H
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/include/file.h
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/include/history.h
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/include/history.h (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/include/history.h (revision 362987)
@@ -1,260 +1,258 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Adapted from the following:
*
* linenoise.c -- guerrilla line editing library against the idea that a
* line editing lib needs to be 20,000 lines of C code.
*
* You can find the original source code at:
* http://github.com/antirez/linenoise
*
* You can find the fork that this code is based on at:
* https://github.com/rain-1/linenoise-mob
*
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* This code is also under the following license:
*
* Copyright (c) 2010-2016, Salvatore Sanfilippo <antirez at gmail dot com>
* Copyright (c) 2010-2013, Pieter Noordhuis <pcnoordhuis at gmail dot com>
- *
- * All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
* met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Definitions for line history.
*
*/
#ifndef BC_HISTORY_H
#define BC_HISTORY_H
#ifndef BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
#define BC_ENABLE_HISTORY (1)
#endif // BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
#if BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
#ifdef _WIN32
#error History is not supported on Windows.
#endif // _WIN32
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <vector.h>
#include <read.h>
#if BC_DEBUG_CODE
#include <file.h>
#endif // BC_DEBUG_CODE
#define BC_HIST_DEF_COLS (80)
#define BC_HIST_MAX_LEN (128)
#define BC_HIST_MAX_LINE (4095)
#define BC_HIST_SEQ_SIZE (64)
#define BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h) ((h)->buf.len - 1)
#define BC_HIST_READ(s, n) (bc_history_read((s), (n)) == -1)
#define BC_HIST_NEXT (false)
#define BC_HIST_PREV (true)
#if BC_DEBUG_CODE
#define BC_HISTORY_DEBUG_BUF_SIZE (1024)
#define lndebug(...) \
do { \
if (bc_history_debug_fp.fd == 0) { \
bc_history_debug_buf = bc_vm_malloc(BC_HISTORY_DEBUG_BUF_SIZE); \
bc_file_init(&bc_history_debug_fp, \
open("/tmp/lndebug.txt", O_APPEND), \
BC_HISTORY_DEBUG_BUF_SIZE); \
bc_file_printf(&bc_history_debug_fp, \
"[%zu %zu %zu] p: %d, rows: %d, " \
"rpos: %d, max: %zu, oldmax: %d\n", \
l->len, l->pos, l->oldcolpos, plen, rows, rpos, \
l->maxrows, old_rows); \
} \
bc_file_printf(&bc_history_debug_fp, ", " __VA_ARGS__); \
bc_file_flush(&bc_history_debug_fp); \
} while (0)
#else // BC_DEBUG_CODE
#define lndebug(fmt, ...)
#endif // BC_DEBUG_CODE
#if !BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
#define bc_history_line(h, vec, prompt) bc_history_line(h, vec)
#define bc_history_raw(h, prompt) bc_history_raw(h)
#define bc_history_edit(h, prompt) bc_history_edit(h)
#endif // BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
typedef enum BcHistoryAction {
BC_ACTION_NULL = 0,
BC_ACTION_CTRL_A = 1,
BC_ACTION_CTRL_B = 2,
BC_ACTION_CTRL_C = 3,
BC_ACTION_CTRL_D = 4,
BC_ACTION_CTRL_E = 5,
BC_ACTION_CTRL_F = 6,
BC_ACTION_CTRL_H = 8,
BC_ACTION_TAB = 9,
BC_ACTION_LINE_FEED = 10,
BC_ACTION_CTRL_K = 11,
BC_ACTION_CTRL_L = 12,
BC_ACTION_ENTER = 13,
BC_ACTION_CTRL_N = 14,
BC_ACTION_CTRL_P = 16,
BC_ACTION_CTRL_T = 20,
BC_ACTION_CTRL_U = 21,
BC_ACTION_CTRL_W = 23,
BC_ACTION_CTRL_Z = 26,
BC_ACTION_ESC = 27,
BC_ACTION_BACKSPACE = 127
} BcHistoryAction;
/**
* This represents the state during line editing. We pass this state
* to functions implementing specific editing functionalities.
*/
typedef struct BcHistory {
/// Edited line buffer.
BcVec buf;
/// The history.
BcVec history;
#if BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
/// Prompt to display.
const char *prompt;
/// Prompt length.
size_t plen;
#endif // BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
/// Prompt column length.
size_t pcol;
/// Current cursor position.
size_t pos;
/// Previous refresh cursor column position.
size_t oldcolpos;
/// Number of columns in terminal.
size_t cols;
/// The history index we are currently editing.
size_t idx;
/// The original terminal state.
struct termios orig_termios;
/// These next three are here because pahole found a 4 byte hole here.
/// This is to signal that there is more, so we don't process yet.
bool stdin_has_data;
/// Whether we are in rawmode.
bool rawMode;
/// Whether the terminal is bad.
bool badTerm;
/// This is to check if stdin has more data.
fd_set rdset;
/// This is to check if stdin has more data.
struct timespec ts;
/// This is to check if stdin has more data.
sigset_t sigmask;
} BcHistory;
BcStatus bc_history_line(BcHistory *h, BcVec *vec, const char *prompt);
void bc_history_init(BcHistory *h);
void bc_history_free(BcHistory *h);
extern const char *bc_history_bad_terms[];
extern const char bc_history_tab[];
extern const size_t bc_history_tab_len;
extern const char bc_history_ctrlc[];
extern const uint32_t bc_history_wchars[][2];
extern const size_t bc_history_wchars_len;
extern const uint32_t bc_history_combo_chars[];
extern const size_t bc_history_combo_chars_len;
#if BC_DEBUG_CODE
extern BcFile bc_history_debug_fp;
extern char *bc_history_debug_buf;
void bc_history_printKeyCodes(BcHistory* l);
#endif // BC_DEBUG_CODE
#endif // BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
#endif // BC_HISTORY_H
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/include/history.h
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/include/lang.h
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/include/lang.h (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/include/lang.h (revision 362987)
@@ -1,326 +1,327 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Definitions for program data.
*
*/
#ifndef BC_LANG_H
#define BC_LANG_H
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <vector.h>
#include <num.h>
#if BC_ENABLED
#define BC_INST_IS_ASSIGN(i) \
((i) == BC_INST_ASSIGN || (i) == BC_INST_ASSIGN_NO_VAL)
#define BC_INST_USE_VAL(i) ((i) <= BC_INST_ASSIGN)
#else // BC_ENABLED
#define BC_INST_IS_ASSIGN(i) ((i) == BC_INST_ASSIGN_NO_VAL)
#define BC_INST_USE_VAL(i) (false)
#endif // BC_ENABLED
#ifndef NDEBUG
#define BC_ENABLE_FUNC_FREE (1)
#else // NDEBUG
#define BC_ENABLE_FUNC_FREE DC_ENABLED
#endif // NDEBUG
typedef enum BcInst {
#if BC_ENABLED
BC_INST_INC = 0,
BC_INST_DEC,
#endif // BC_ENABLED
BC_INST_NEG,
BC_INST_BOOL_NOT,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_INST_TRUNC,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_INST_POWER,
BC_INST_MULTIPLY,
BC_INST_DIVIDE,
BC_INST_MODULUS,
BC_INST_PLUS,
BC_INST_MINUS,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_INST_PLACES,
BC_INST_LSHIFT,
BC_INST_RSHIFT,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_INST_REL_EQ,
BC_INST_REL_LE,
BC_INST_REL_GE,
BC_INST_REL_NE,
BC_INST_REL_LT,
BC_INST_REL_GT,
BC_INST_BOOL_OR,
BC_INST_BOOL_AND,
#if BC_ENABLED
BC_INST_ASSIGN_POWER,
BC_INST_ASSIGN_MULTIPLY,
BC_INST_ASSIGN_DIVIDE,
BC_INST_ASSIGN_MODULUS,
BC_INST_ASSIGN_PLUS,
BC_INST_ASSIGN_MINUS,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_INST_ASSIGN_PLACES,
BC_INST_ASSIGN_LSHIFT,
BC_INST_ASSIGN_RSHIFT,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_INST_ASSIGN,
BC_INST_ASSIGN_POWER_NO_VAL,
BC_INST_ASSIGN_MULTIPLY_NO_VAL,
BC_INST_ASSIGN_DIVIDE_NO_VAL,
BC_INST_ASSIGN_MODULUS_NO_VAL,
BC_INST_ASSIGN_PLUS_NO_VAL,
BC_INST_ASSIGN_MINUS_NO_VAL,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_INST_ASSIGN_PLACES_NO_VAL,
BC_INST_ASSIGN_LSHIFT_NO_VAL,
BC_INST_ASSIGN_RSHIFT_NO_VAL,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
#endif // BC_ENABLED
BC_INST_ASSIGN_NO_VAL,
BC_INST_NUM,
BC_INST_VAR,
BC_INST_ARRAY_ELEM,
#if BC_ENABLED
BC_INST_ARRAY,
#endif // BC_ENABLED
+ BC_INST_ZERO,
BC_INST_ONE,
#if BC_ENABLED
BC_INST_LAST,
#endif // BC_ENABLED
BC_INST_IBASE,
BC_INST_OBASE,
BC_INST_SCALE,
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_INST_SEED,
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_INST_LENGTH,
BC_INST_SCALE_FUNC,
BC_INST_SQRT,
BC_INST_ABS,
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_INST_IRAND,
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_INST_READ,
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_INST_RAND,
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_INST_MAXIBASE,
BC_INST_MAXOBASE,
BC_INST_MAXSCALE,
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_INST_MAXRAND,
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_INST_PRINT,
BC_INST_PRINT_POP,
BC_INST_STR,
BC_INST_PRINT_STR,
#if BC_ENABLED
BC_INST_JUMP,
BC_INST_JUMP_ZERO,
BC_INST_CALL,
BC_INST_RET,
BC_INST_RET0,
BC_INST_RET_VOID,
BC_INST_HALT,
#endif // BC_ENABLED
BC_INST_POP,
#if DC_ENABLED
BC_INST_POP_EXEC,
BC_INST_MODEXP,
BC_INST_DIVMOD,
BC_INST_EXECUTE,
BC_INST_EXEC_COND,
BC_INST_ASCIIFY,
BC_INST_PRINT_STREAM,
BC_INST_PRINT_STACK,
BC_INST_CLEAR_STACK,
BC_INST_STACK_LEN,
BC_INST_DUPLICATE,
BC_INST_SWAP,
BC_INST_LOAD,
BC_INST_PUSH_VAR,
BC_INST_PUSH_TO_VAR,
BC_INST_QUIT,
BC_INST_NQUIT,
#endif // DC_ENABLED
BC_INST_INVALID = UCHAR_MAX,
} BcInst;
typedef struct BcId {
char *name;
size_t idx;
} BcId;
typedef struct BcLoc {
size_t loc;
size_t idx;
} BcLoc;
typedef struct BcConst {
char *val;
BcBigDig base;
BcNum num;
} BcConst;
typedef struct BcFunc {
BcVec code;
#if BC_ENABLED
BcVec labels;
BcVec autos;
size_t nparams;
#endif // BC_ENABLED
BcVec strs;
BcVec consts;
const char *name;
#if BC_ENABLED
bool voidfn;
#endif // BC_ENABLED
} BcFunc;
typedef enum BcResultType {
BC_RESULT_VAR,
BC_RESULT_ARRAY_ELEM,
#if BC_ENABLED
BC_RESULT_ARRAY,
#endif // BC_ENABLED
BC_RESULT_STR,
- BC_RESULT_CONSTANT,
BC_RESULT_TEMP,
+ BC_RESULT_ZERO,
BC_RESULT_ONE,
#if BC_ENABLED
BC_RESULT_LAST,
BC_RESULT_VOID,
#endif // BC_ENABLED
BC_RESULT_IBASE,
BC_RESULT_OBASE,
BC_RESULT_SCALE,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_RESULT_SEED,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
} BcResultType;
typedef union BcResultData {
BcNum n;
BcVec v;
BcLoc loc;
} BcResultData;
typedef struct BcResult {
BcResultType t;
BcResultData d;
} BcResult;
typedef struct BcInstPtr {
size_t func;
size_t idx;
size_t len;
} BcInstPtr;
typedef enum BcType {
BC_TYPE_VAR,
BC_TYPE_ARRAY,
#if BC_ENABLED
BC_TYPE_REF,
#endif // BC_ENABLED
} BcType;
struct BcProgram;
void bc_func_init(BcFunc *f, const char* name);
void bc_func_insert(BcFunc *f, struct BcProgram* p, char* name,
BcType type, size_t line);
void bc_func_reset(BcFunc *f);
void bc_func_free(void *func);
void bc_array_init(BcVec *a, bool nums);
void bc_array_copy(BcVec *d, const BcVec *s);
void bc_string_free(void *string);
void bc_const_free(void *constant);
void bc_id_free(void *id);
void bc_result_clear(BcResult *r);
void bc_result_copy(BcResult *d, BcResult *src);
void bc_result_free(void *result);
void bc_array_expand(BcVec *a, size_t len);
int bc_id_cmp(const BcId *e1, const BcId *e2);
#if BC_DEBUG_CODE
extern const char* bc_inst_names[];
#endif // BC_DEBUG_CODE
extern const char bc_func_main[];
extern const char bc_func_read[];
#endif // BC_LANG_H
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/include/lang.h
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/include/lex.h
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/include/lex.h (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/include/lex.h (revision 362987)
@@ -1,232 +1,247 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Definitions for bc's lexer.
*
*/
#ifndef BC_LEX_H
#define BC_LEX_H
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <vector.h>
#include <lang.h>
#define bc_lex_err(l, e) (bc_vm_error((e), (l)->line))
#define bc_lex_verr(l, e, ...) (bc_vm_error((e), (l)->line, __VA_ARGS__))
+#if BC_ENABLED
+
+#if DC_ENABLED
#define BC_LEX_NEG_CHAR (BC_IS_BC ? '-' : '_')
#define BC_LEX_LAST_NUM_CHAR (BC_IS_BC ? 'Z' : 'F')
+#else // DC_ENABLED
+#define BC_LEX_NEG_CHAR ('-')
+#define BC_LEX_LAST_NUM_CHAR ('Z')
+#endif // DC_ENABLED
+
+#else // BC_ENABLED
+
+#define BC_LEX_NEG_CHAR ('_')
+#define BC_LEX_LAST_NUM_CHAR ('F')
+
+#endif // BC_ENABLED
+
#define BC_LEX_NUM_CHAR(c, pt, int_only) \
(isdigit(c) || ((c) >= 'A' && (c) <= BC_LEX_LAST_NUM_CHAR) || \
((c) == '.' && !(pt) && !(int_only)))
// BC_LEX_NEG is not used in lexing; it is only for parsing.
typedef enum BcLexType {
BC_LEX_EOF,
BC_LEX_INVALID,
#if BC_ENABLED
BC_LEX_OP_INC,
BC_LEX_OP_DEC,
#endif // BC_ENABLED
BC_LEX_NEG,
BC_LEX_OP_BOOL_NOT,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_OP_TRUNC,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_OP_POWER,
BC_LEX_OP_MULTIPLY,
BC_LEX_OP_DIVIDE,
BC_LEX_OP_MODULUS,
BC_LEX_OP_PLUS,
BC_LEX_OP_MINUS,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_OP_PLACES,
BC_LEX_OP_LSHIFT,
BC_LEX_OP_RSHIFT,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_OP_REL_EQ,
BC_LEX_OP_REL_LE,
BC_LEX_OP_REL_GE,
BC_LEX_OP_REL_NE,
BC_LEX_OP_REL_LT,
BC_LEX_OP_REL_GT,
BC_LEX_OP_BOOL_OR,
BC_LEX_OP_BOOL_AND,
#if BC_ENABLED
BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_POWER,
BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_MULTIPLY,
BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_DIVIDE,
BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_MODULUS,
BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_PLUS,
BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_MINUS,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_PLACES,
BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_LSHIFT,
BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_RSHIFT,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
#endif // BC_ENABLED
BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN,
BC_LEX_NLINE,
BC_LEX_WHITESPACE,
BC_LEX_LPAREN,
BC_LEX_RPAREN,
BC_LEX_LBRACKET,
BC_LEX_COMMA,
BC_LEX_RBRACKET,
BC_LEX_LBRACE,
BC_LEX_SCOLON,
BC_LEX_RBRACE,
BC_LEX_STR,
BC_LEX_NAME,
BC_LEX_NUMBER,
#if BC_ENABLED
BC_LEX_KW_AUTO,
BC_LEX_KW_BREAK,
BC_LEX_KW_CONTINUE,
BC_LEX_KW_DEFINE,
BC_LEX_KW_FOR,
BC_LEX_KW_IF,
BC_LEX_KW_LIMITS,
BC_LEX_KW_RETURN,
BC_LEX_KW_WHILE,
BC_LEX_KW_HALT,
BC_LEX_KW_LAST,
#endif // BC_ENABLED
BC_LEX_KW_IBASE,
BC_LEX_KW_OBASE,
BC_LEX_KW_SCALE,
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_SEED,
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_LENGTH,
BC_LEX_KW_PRINT,
BC_LEX_KW_SQRT,
BC_LEX_KW_ABS,
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_IRAND,
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_QUIT,
BC_LEX_KW_READ,
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_RAND,
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_MAXIBASE,
BC_LEX_KW_MAXOBASE,
BC_LEX_KW_MAXSCALE,
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_MAXRAND,
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_ELSE,
#if DC_ENABLED
BC_LEX_EQ_NO_REG,
BC_LEX_OP_MODEXP,
BC_LEX_OP_DIVMOD,
BC_LEX_COLON,
BC_LEX_EXECUTE,
BC_LEX_PRINT_STACK,
BC_LEX_CLEAR_STACK,
BC_LEX_STACK_LEVEL,
BC_LEX_DUPLICATE,
BC_LEX_SWAP,
BC_LEX_POP,
BC_LEX_ASCIIFY,
BC_LEX_PRINT_STREAM,
BC_LEX_STORE_IBASE,
BC_LEX_STORE_OBASE,
BC_LEX_STORE_SCALE,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_STORE_SEED,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_LOAD,
BC_LEX_LOAD_POP,
BC_LEX_STORE_PUSH,
BC_LEX_PRINT_POP,
BC_LEX_NQUIT,
BC_LEX_SCALE_FACTOR,
#endif // DC_ENABLED
} BcLexType;
struct BcLex;
typedef void (*BcLexNext)(struct BcLex*);
typedef struct BcLex {
const char *buf;
size_t i;
size_t line;
size_t len;
BcLexType t;
BcLexType last;
BcVec str;
} BcLex;
void bc_lex_init(BcLex *l);
void bc_lex_free(BcLex *l);
void bc_lex_file(BcLex *l, const char *file);
void bc_lex_text(BcLex *l, const char *text);
void bc_lex_next(BcLex *l);
void bc_lex_lineComment(BcLex *l);
void bc_lex_comment(BcLex *l);
void bc_lex_whitespace(BcLex *l);
void bc_lex_number(BcLex *l, char start);
void bc_lex_name(BcLex *l);
void bc_lex_commonTokens(BcLex *l, char c);
void bc_lex_invalidChar(BcLex *l, char c);
#endif // BC_LEX_H
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/include/lex.h
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/include/num.h
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/include/num.h (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/include/num.h (revision 362987)
@@ -1,235 +1,243 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Definitions for the num type.
*
*/
#ifndef BC_NUM_H
#define BC_NUM_H
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <vector.h>
#ifndef BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
#define BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH (1)
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
#define BC_BASE (10)
typedef unsigned long ulong;
// For some reason, LONG_BIT is not defined in some versions of gcc.
// I define it here to the minimum accepted value in the POSIX standard.
#ifndef LONG_BIT
#define LONG_BIT (32)
#endif // LONG_BIT
#ifndef BC_LONG_BIT
#define BC_LONG_BIT LONG_BIT
#endif // BC_LONG_BIT
#if BC_LONG_BIT > LONG_BIT
#error BC_LONG_BIT cannot be greater than LONG_BIT
#endif // BC_LONG_BIT > LONG_BIT
#if BC_LONG_BIT >= 64
typedef int_least32_t BcDig;
typedef uint64_t BcBigDig;
#define BC_NUM_BIGDIG_MAX ((BcBigDig) UINT64_MAX)
#define BC_BASE_DIGS (9)
#define BC_BASE_POW (1000000000)
#define BC_NUM_BIGDIG_C UINT64_C
#elif BC_LONG_BIT >= 32
typedef int_least16_t BcDig;
typedef uint32_t BcBigDig;
#define BC_NUM_BIGDIG_MAX ((BcBigDig) UINT32_MAX)
#define BC_BASE_DIGS (4)
#define BC_BASE_POW (10000)
#define BC_NUM_BIGDIG_C UINT32_C
#else
#error BC_LONG_BIT must be at least 32
#endif // BC_LONG_BIT >= 64
#define BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE (8)
typedef struct BcNum {
BcDig *restrict num;
size_t rdx;
size_t scale;
size_t len;
size_t cap;
bool neg;
} BcNum;
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+
+#ifndef BC_ENABLE_RAND
+#define BC_ENABLE_RAND (1)
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_RAND
+
+#if BC_ENABLE_RAND
// Forward declaration
struct BcRNG;
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_RAND
+
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
#define BC_NUM_MIN_BASE (BC_NUM_BIGDIG_C(2))
#define BC_NUM_MAX_POSIX_IBASE (BC_NUM_BIGDIG_C(16))
#define BC_NUM_MAX_IBASE (BC_NUM_BIGDIG_C(36))
// This is the max base allowed by bc_num_parseChar().
#define BC_NUM_MAX_LBASE (BC_NUM_BIGDIG_C('Z' + BC_BASE + 1))
#define BC_NUM_PRINT_WIDTH (BC_NUM_BIGDIG_C(69))
#ifndef BC_NUM_KARATSUBA_LEN
#define BC_NUM_KARATSUBA_LEN (BC_NUM_BIGDIG_C(32))
#elif BC_NUM_KARATSUBA_LEN < 16
#error BC_NUM_KARATSUBA_LEN must be at least 16.
#endif // BC_NUM_KARATSUBA_LEN
// A crude, but always big enough, calculation of
// the size required for ibase and obase BcNum's.
#define BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10 (BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE)
#define BC_NUM_NONZERO(n) ((n)->len)
#define BC_NUM_ZERO(n) (!BC_NUM_NONZERO(n))
#define BC_NUM_ONE(n) ((n)->len == 1 && (n)->rdx == 0 && (n)->num[0] == 1)
#define BC_NUM_NUM_LETTER(c) ((c) - 'A' + BC_BASE)
#define BC_NUM_KARATSUBA_ALLOCS (6)
#define BC_NUM_ROUND_POW(s) (bc_vm_growSize((s), BC_BASE_DIGS - 1))
#define BC_NUM_RDX(s) (BC_NUM_ROUND_POW(s) / BC_BASE_DIGS)
#define BC_NUM_SIZE(n) ((n) * sizeof(BcDig))
#if BC_DEBUG_CODE
#define BC_NUM_PRINT(x) fprintf(stderr, "%s = %lu\n", #x, (unsigned long)(x))
#define DUMP_NUM bc_num_dump
#else // BC_DEBUG_CODE
#undef DUMP_NUM
#define DUMP_NUM(x,y)
#define BC_NUM_PRINT(x)
#endif // BC_DEBUG_CODE
typedef void (*BcNumBinaryOp)(BcNum*, BcNum*, BcNum*, size_t);
typedef size_t (*BcNumBinaryOpReq)(const BcNum*, const BcNum*, size_t);
typedef void (*BcNumDigitOp)(size_t, size_t, bool);
typedef void (*BcNumShiftAddOp)(BcDig*, const BcDig*, size_t);
void bc_num_init(BcNum *restrict n, size_t req);
void bc_num_setup(BcNum *restrict n, BcDig *restrict num, size_t cap);
void bc_num_copy(BcNum *d, const BcNum *s);
void bc_num_createCopy(BcNum *d, const BcNum *s);
void bc_num_createFromBigdig(BcNum *n, BcBigDig val);
void bc_num_clear(BcNum *restrict n);
void bc_num_free(void *num);
size_t bc_num_scale(const BcNum *restrict n);
size_t bc_num_len(const BcNum *restrict n);
void bc_num_bigdig(const BcNum *restrict n, BcBigDig *result);
void bc_num_bigdig2(const BcNum *restrict n, BcBigDig *result);
void bc_num_bigdig2num(BcNum *restrict n, BcBigDig val);
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
void bc_num_irand(const BcNum *restrict a, BcNum *restrict b,
struct BcRNG *restrict rng);
void bc_num_rng(const BcNum *restrict n, struct BcRNG *rng);
void bc_num_createFromRNG(BcNum *restrict n, struct BcRNG *rng);
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
void bc_num_add(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale);
void bc_num_sub(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale);
void bc_num_mul(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale);
void bc_num_div(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale);
void bc_num_mod(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale);
void bc_num_pow(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale);
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
void bc_num_places(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale);
void bc_num_lshift(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale);
void bc_num_rshift(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale);
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
void bc_num_sqrt(BcNum *restrict a, BcNum *restrict b, size_t scale);
void bc_num_divmod(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, BcNum *d, size_t scale);
size_t bc_num_addReq(const BcNum* a, const BcNum* b, size_t scale);
size_t bc_num_mulReq(const BcNum *a, const BcNum *b, size_t scale);
size_t bc_num_powReq(const BcNum *a, const BcNum *b, size_t scale);
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
size_t bc_num_placesReq(const BcNum *a, const BcNum *b, size_t scale);
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
void bc_num_truncate(BcNum *restrict n, size_t places);
ssize_t bc_num_cmp(const BcNum *a, const BcNum *b);
#if DC_ENABLED
void bc_num_modexp(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, BcNum *restrict d);
#endif // DC_ENABLED
void bc_num_one(BcNum *restrict n);
ssize_t bc_num_cmpZero(const BcNum *n);
void bc_num_parse(BcNum *restrict n, const char *restrict val,
BcBigDig base, bool letter);
void bc_num_print(BcNum *restrict n, BcBigDig base, bool newline);
#if DC_ENABLED
void bc_num_stream(BcNum *restrict n, BcBigDig base);
#endif // DC_ENABLED
#if BC_DEBUG_CODE
void bc_num_printDebug(const BcNum *n, const char *name, bool emptyline);
void bc_num_printDigs(const BcDig* n, size_t len, bool emptyline);
void bc_num_printWithDigs(const BcNum *n, const char *name, bool emptyline);
void bc_num_dump(const char *varname, const BcNum *n);
#endif // BC_DEBUG_CODE
extern const char bc_num_hex_digits[];
extern const BcBigDig bc_num_pow10[BC_BASE_DIGS + 1];
extern const BcDig bc_num_bigdigMax[];
extern const size_t bc_num_bigdigMax_size;
#endif // BC_NUM_H
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/include/num.h
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/include/opt.h
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/include/opt.h (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/include/opt.h (revision 362987)
@@ -1,79 +1,79 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
- * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
*
- * All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Adapted from https://github.com/skeeto/optparse
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Definitions for getopt_long() replacement.
*
*/
#ifndef BC_OPT_H
#define BC_OPT_H
#include <stdbool.h>
typedef struct BcOpt {
char **argv;
size_t optind;
int optopt;
int subopt;
char *optarg;
} BcOpt;
typedef enum BcOptType {
BC_OPT_NONE,
BC_OPT_REQUIRED,
BC_OPT_BC_ONLY,
BC_OPT_DC_ONLY,
} BcOptType;
typedef struct BcOptLong {
const char *name;
BcOptType type;
int val;
} BcOptLong;
void bc_opt_init(BcOpt *o, char **argv);
int bc_opt_parse(BcOpt *o, const BcOptLong *longopts);
#define BC_OPT_ISDASHDASH(a) \
((a) != NULL && (a)[0] == '-' && (a)[1] == '-' && (a)[2] == '\0')
#define BC_OPT_ISSHORTOPT(a) \
((a) != NULL && (a)[0] == '-' && (a)[1] != '-' && (a)[1] != '\0')
#define BC_OPT_ISLONGOPT(a) \
((a) != NULL && (a)[0] == '-' && (a)[1] == '-' && (a)[2] != '\0')
#endif // BC_OPT_H
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/include/opt.h
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/include/parse.h
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/include/parse.h (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/include/parse.h (revision 362987)
@@ -1,115 +1,116 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Definitions for bc's parser.
*
*/
#ifndef BC_PARSE_H
#define BC_PARSE_H
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <vector.h>
#include <lex.h>
#include <lang.h>
#define BC_PARSE_REL (UINTMAX_C(1)<<0)
#define BC_PARSE_PRINT (UINTMAX_C(1)<<1)
#define BC_PARSE_NOCALL (UINTMAX_C(1)<<2)
#define BC_PARSE_NOREAD (UINTMAX_C(1)<<3)
#define BC_PARSE_ARRAY (UINTMAX_C(1)<<4)
#define BC_PARSE_NEEDVAL (UINTMAX_C(1)<<5)
#if BC_ENABLED
#define BC_PARSE_CAN_PARSE(p) \
((p).l.t != BC_LEX_EOF && (p).l.t != BC_LEX_KW_DEFINE)
#else // BC_ENABLED
#define BC_PARSE_CAN_PARSE(p) ((p).l.t != BC_LEX_EOF)
#endif // BC_ENABLED
#define bc_parse_push(p, i) (bc_vec_pushByte(&(p)->func->code, (uchar) (i)))
#define bc_parse_pushIndex(p, idx) (bc_vec_pushIndex(&(p)->func->code, (idx)))
#define bc_parse_err(p, e) (bc_vm_error((e), (p)->l.line))
#define bc_parse_verr(p, e, ...) (bc_vm_error((e), (p)->l.line, __VA_ARGS__))
typedef struct BcParseNext {
uchar len;
uchar tokens[4];
} BcParseNext;
#define BC_PARSE_NEXT_TOKENS(...) .tokens = { __VA_ARGS__ }
#define BC_PARSE_NEXT(a, ...) \
{ .len = (uchar) (a), BC_PARSE_NEXT_TOKENS(__VA_ARGS__) }
struct BcParse;
struct BcProgram;
typedef void (*BcParseParse)(struct BcParse*);
typedef void (*BcParseExpr)(struct BcParse*, uint8_t);
typedef struct BcParse {
BcLex l;
#if BC_ENABLED
BcVec flags;
BcVec exits;
BcVec conds;
BcVec ops;
BcVec buf;
#endif // BC_ENABLED
struct BcProgram *prog;
BcFunc *func;
size_t fidx;
bool auto_part;
} BcParse;
void bc_parse_init(BcParse *p, struct BcProgram *prog, size_t func);
void bc_parse_free(BcParse *p);
void bc_parse_reset(BcParse *p);
void bc_parse_addString(BcParse *p);
void bc_parse_number(BcParse *p);
void bc_parse_updateFunc(BcParse *p, size_t fidx);
void bc_parse_pushName(const BcParse* p, char *name, bool var);
void bc_parse_text(BcParse *p, const char *text);
+extern const char bc_parse_zero[];
extern const char bc_parse_one[];
#endif // BC_PARSE_H
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/include/parse.h
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/include/program.h
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/include/program.h (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/include/program.h (revision 362987)
@@ -1,183 +1,187 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Definitions for bc programs.
*
*/
#ifndef BC_PROGRAM_H
#define BC_PROGRAM_H
#include <stddef.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <parse.h>
#include <lang.h>
#include <num.h>
#include <rand.h>
#define BC_PROG_GLOBALS_IBASE (0)
#define BC_PROG_GLOBALS_OBASE (1)
#define BC_PROG_GLOBALS_SCALE (2)
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
#define BC_PROG_MAX_RAND (3)
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
#define BC_PROG_GLOBALS_LEN (3 + BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH)
#define BC_PROG_ONE_CAP (1)
typedef struct BcProgram {
BcBigDig globals[BC_PROG_GLOBALS_LEN];
BcVec globals_v[BC_PROG_GLOBALS_LEN];
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BcRNG rng;
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BcVec results;
BcVec stack;
BcVec *consts;
BcVec *strs;
BcVec fns;
BcVec fn_map;
BcVec vars;
BcVec var_map;
BcVec arrs;
BcVec arr_map;
#if DC_ENABLED
+ BcVec strs_v;
+
BcVec tail_calls;
BcBigDig strm;
BcNum strmb;
#endif // DC_ENABLED
+ BcNum zero;
BcNum one;
#if BC_ENABLED
BcNum last;
#endif // BC_ENABLED
#if DC_ENABLED
// This uses BC_NUM_LONG_LOG10 because it is used in bc_num_ulong2num(),
// which attempts to realloc, unless it is big enough. This is big enough.
BcDig strmb_num[BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10];
#endif // DC_ENABLED
+ BcDig zero_num[BC_PROG_ONE_CAP];
BcDig one_num[BC_PROG_ONE_CAP];
} BcProgram;
#define BC_PROG_STACK(s, n) ((s)->len >= ((size_t) (n)))
#define BC_PROG_GLOBAL_PTR(v) (bc_vec_top(v))
#define BC_PROG_GLOBAL(v) (*((BcBigDig*) BC_PROG_GLOBAL_PTR(v)))
#define BC_PROG_IBASE(p) ((p)->globals[BC_PROG_GLOBALS_IBASE])
#define BC_PROG_OBASE(p) ((p)->globals[BC_PROG_GLOBALS_OBASE])
#define BC_PROG_SCALE(p) ((p)->globals[BC_PROG_GLOBALS_SCALE])
#define BC_PROG_MAIN (0)
#define BC_PROG_READ (1)
#define bc_program_retire(p, nres, nops) \
(bc_vec_npopAt(&(p)->results, (nops), (p)->results.len - (nres + nops)))
#if DC_ENABLED
#define BC_PROG_REQ_FUNCS (2)
#if !BC_ENABLED
// For dc only, last is always true.
#define bc_program_copyToVar(p, name, t, last) \
bc_program_copyToVar(p, name, t)
#endif // !BC_ENABLED
#else // DC_ENABLED
// For bc, 'pop' and 'copy' are always false.
#define bc_program_pushVar(p, code, bgn, pop, copy) \
bc_program_pushVar(p, code, bgn)
#ifdef NDEBUG
#define BC_PROG_NO_STACK_CHECK
#endif // NDEBUG
#endif // DC_ENABLED
#define BC_PROG_STR(n) ((n)->num == NULL && !(n)->cap)
#if BC_ENABLED
#define BC_PROG_NUM(r, n) \
((r)->t != BC_RESULT_ARRAY && (r)->t != BC_RESULT_STR && !BC_PROG_STR(n))
#else // BC_ENABLED
#define BC_PROG_NUM(r, n) ((r)->t != BC_RESULT_STR && !BC_PROG_STR(n))
// For dc, inst is always BC_INST_ARRAY_ELEM.
#define bc_program_pushArray(p, code, bgn, inst) \
bc_program_pushArray(p, code, bgn)
#endif // BC_ENABLED
typedef void (*BcProgramUnary)(BcResult*, BcNum*);
void bc_program_init(BcProgram *p);
void bc_program_free(BcProgram *p);
#if BC_DEBUG_CODE
#if BC_ENABLED && DC_ENABLED
void bc_program_code(const BcProgram *p);
void bc_program_printInst(const BcProgram *p, const char *code,
size_t *restrict bgn);
void bc_program_printStackDebug(BcProgram* p);
#endif // BC_ENABLED && DC_ENABLED
#endif // BC_DEBUG_CODE
size_t bc_program_search(BcProgram *p, const char* id, bool var);
size_t bc_program_insertFunc(BcProgram *p, const char *name);
void bc_program_reset(BcProgram *p);
void bc_program_exec(BcProgram *p);
void bc_program_negate(BcResult *r, BcNum *n);
void bc_program_not(BcResult *r, BcNum *n);
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
void bc_program_trunc(BcResult *r, BcNum *n);
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
extern const BcNumBinaryOp bc_program_ops[];
extern const BcNumBinaryOpReq bc_program_opReqs[];
extern const BcProgramUnary bc_program_unarys[];
extern const char bc_program_exprs_name[];
extern const char bc_program_stdin_name[];
extern const char bc_program_ready_msg[];
extern const size_t bc_program_ready_msg_len;
extern const char bc_program_esc_chars[];
extern const char bc_program_esc_seqs[];
#endif // BC_PROGRAM_H
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/include/program.h
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/include/rand.h
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/include/rand.h (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/include/rand.h (revision 362987)
@@ -1,229 +1,233 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2019 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Parts of this code are adapted from the following:
*
* PCG, A Family of Better Random Number Generators.
*
* You can find the original source code at:
* https://github.com/imneme/pcg-c
*
* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* Parts of this code are also under the following license:
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Melissa O'Neill and PCG Project contributors
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Definitions for the RNG.
*
*/
#ifndef BC_RAND_H
#define BC_RAND_H
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
-
#include <stdint.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <vector.h>
#include <num.h>
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+
+#if BC_ENABLE_RAND
+
typedef ulong (*BcRandUlong)(void*);
#if BC_LONG_BIT >= 64
#ifdef BC_RAND_BUILTIN
#if BC_RAND_BUILTIN
#ifndef __SIZEOF_INT128__
#undef BC_RAND_BUILTIN
#define BC_RAND_BUILTIN (0)
#endif // __SIZEOF_INT128__
#endif // BC_RAND_BUILTIN
#endif // BC_RAND_BUILTIN
#ifndef BC_RAND_BUILTIN
#ifdef __SIZEOF_INT128__
#define BC_RAND_BUILTIN (1)
#else // __SIZEOF_INT128__
#define BC_RAND_BUILTIN (0)
#endif // __SIZEOF_INT128__
#endif // BC_RAND_BUILTIN
typedef uint64_t BcRand;
#define BC_RAND_ROTC (63)
#if BC_RAND_BUILTIN
typedef __uint128_t BcRandState;
#define bc_rand_mul(a, b) (((BcRandState) (a)) * ((BcRandState) (b)))
#define bc_rand_add(a, b) (((BcRandState) (a)) + ((BcRandState) (b)))
#define bc_rand_mul2(a, b) (((BcRandState) (a)) * ((BcRandState) (b)))
#define bc_rand_add2(a, b) (((BcRandState) (a)) + ((BcRandState) (b)))
#define BC_RAND_NOTMODIFIED(r) (((r)->inc & 1UL) == 0)
#define BC_RAND_ZERO(r) (!(r)->state)
#define BC_RAND_CONSTANT(h, l) ((((BcRandState) (h)) << 64) + (BcRandState) (l))
#define BC_RAND_TRUNC(s) ((uint64_t) (s))
#define BC_RAND_CHOP(s) ((uint64_t) ((s) >> 64UL))
#define BC_RAND_ROTAMT(s) ((unsigned int) ((s) >> 122UL))
#else // BC_RAND_BUILTIN
typedef struct BcRandState {
uint_fast64_t lo;
uint_fast64_t hi;
} BcRandState;
#define bc_rand_mul(a, b) (bc_rand_multiply((a), (b)))
#define bc_rand_add(a, b) (bc_rand_addition((a), (b)))
#define bc_rand_mul2(a, b) (bc_rand_multiply2((a), (b)))
#define bc_rand_add2(a, b) (bc_rand_addition2((a), (b)))
#define BC_RAND_NOTMODIFIED(r) (((r)->inc.lo & 1) == 0)
#define BC_RAND_ZERO(r) (!(r)->state.lo && !(r)->state.hi)
#define BC_RAND_CONSTANT(h, l) { .lo = (l), .hi = (h) }
#define BC_RAND_TRUNC(s) ((s).lo)
#define BC_RAND_CHOP(s) ((s).hi)
#define BC_RAND_ROTAMT(s) ((unsigned int) ((s).hi >> 58UL))
#define BC_RAND_BOTTOM32 (((uint_fast64_t) 0xffffffffULL))
#define BC_RAND_TRUNC32(n) ((n) & BC_RAND_BOTTOM32)
#define BC_RAND_CHOP32(n) ((n) >> 32)
#endif // BC_RAND_BUILTIN
#define BC_RAND_MULTIPLIER \
BC_RAND_CONSTANT(2549297995355413924ULL, 4865540595714422341ULL)
#define BC_RAND_FOLD(s) ((BcRand) (BC_RAND_CHOP(s) ^ BC_RAND_TRUNC(s)))
#else // BC_LONG_BIT >= 64
#undef BC_RAND_BUILTIN
#define BC_RAND_BUILTIN (1)
typedef uint32_t BcRand;
#define BC_RAND_ROTC (31)
typedef uint_fast64_t BcRandState;
#define bc_rand_mul(a, b) (((BcRandState) (a)) * ((BcRandState) (b)))
#define bc_rand_add(a, b) (((BcRandState) (a)) + ((BcRandState) (b)))
#define bc_rand_mul2(a, b) (((BcRandState) (a)) * ((BcRandState) (b)))
#define bc_rand_add2(a, b) (((BcRandState) (a)) + ((BcRandState) (b)))
#define BC_RAND_NOTMODIFIED(r) (((r)->inc & 1UL) == 0)
#define BC_RAND_ZERO(r) (!(r)->state)
#define BC_RAND_CONSTANT UINT64_C
#define BC_RAND_MULTIPLIER BC_RAND_CONSTANT(6364136223846793005)
#define BC_RAND_TRUNC(s) ((uint32_t) (s))
#define BC_RAND_CHOP(s) ((uint32_t) ((s) >> 32UL))
#define BC_RAND_ROTAMT(s) ((unsigned int) ((s) >> 59UL))
#define BC_RAND_FOLD(s) ((BcRand) ((((s) >> 18U) ^ (s)) >> 27U))
#endif // BC_LONG_BIT >= 64
#define BC_RAND_ROT(v, r) \
((BcRand) (((v) >> (r)) | ((v) << ((0 - (r)) & BC_RAND_ROTC))))
#define BC_RAND_BITS (sizeof(BcRand) * CHAR_BIT)
#define BC_RAND_STATE_BITS (sizeof(BcRandState) * CHAR_BIT)
#define BC_RAND_NUM_SIZE (BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10 * 2 + 2)
#define BC_RAND_SRAND_BITS ((1 << CHAR_BIT) - 1)
typedef struct BcRNGData {
BcRandState state;
BcRandState inc;
} BcRNGData;
typedef struct BcRNG {
BcVec v;
} BcRNG;
void bc_rand_init(BcRNG *r);
#ifndef NDEBUG
void bc_rand_free(BcRNG *r);
#endif // NDEBUG
BcRand bc_rand_int(BcRNG *r);
BcRand bc_rand_bounded(BcRNG *r, BcRand bound);
void bc_rand_seed(BcRNG *r, ulong state1, ulong state2, ulong inc1, ulong inc2);
void bc_rand_push(BcRNG *r);
void bc_rand_pop(BcRNG *r, bool reset);
void bc_rand_getRands(BcRNG *r, BcRand *s1, BcRand *s2, BcRand *i1, BcRand *i2);
extern const BcRandState bc_rand_multiplier;
+
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_RAND
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
#endif // BC_RAND_H
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/include/rand.h
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/include/read.h
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/include/read.h (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/include/read.h (revision 362987)
@@ -1,59 +1,60 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Code to handle special I/O for bc.
*
*/
-#ifndef BC_IO_H
-#define BC_IO_H
+#ifndef BC_READ_H
+#define BC_READ_H
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <vector.h>
#ifndef BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
#define BC_ENABLE_PROMPT (1)
#endif // BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
#if !BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
#define bc_read_line(vec, prompt) bc_read_line(vec)
#define bc_read_chars(vec, prompt) bc_read_chars(vec)
#endif // BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
#define BC_READ_BIN_CHAR(c) (((c) < ' ' && !isspace((c))) || ((uchar) c) > '~')
BcStatus bc_read_line(BcVec *vec, const char *prompt);
void bc_read_file(const char *path, char **buf);
BcStatus bc_read_chars(BcVec *vec, const char *prompt);
+bool bc_read_buf(BcVec *vec, char *buf, size_t *buf_len);
-#endif // BC_IO_H
+#endif // BC_READ_H
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/include/read.h
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/include/status.h
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/include/status.h (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/include/status.h (revision 362987)
@@ -1,186 +1,186 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
- * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
*
- * All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* All bc status codes.
*
*/
#ifndef BC_STATUS_H
#define BC_STATUS_H
#include <stdint.h>
#ifndef BC_ENABLED
#define BC_ENABLED (1)
#endif // BC_ENABLED
#ifndef DC_ENABLED
#define DC_ENABLED (1)
#endif // DC_ENABLED
typedef enum BcStatus {
BC_STATUS_SUCCESS = 0,
BC_STATUS_ERROR_MATH,
BC_STATUS_ERROR_PARSE,
BC_STATUS_ERROR_EXEC,
BC_STATUS_ERROR_FATAL,
BC_STATUS_EOF,
BC_STATUS_QUIT,
} BcStatus;
typedef enum BcError {
BC_ERROR_MATH_NEGATIVE,
BC_ERROR_MATH_NON_INTEGER,
BC_ERROR_MATH_OVERFLOW,
BC_ERROR_MATH_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO,
BC_ERROR_FATAL_ALLOC_ERR,
BC_ERROR_FATAL_IO_ERR,
BC_ERROR_FATAL_FILE_ERR,
BC_ERROR_FATAL_BIN_FILE,
BC_ERROR_FATAL_PATH_DIR,
BC_ERROR_FATAL_OPTION,
BC_ERROR_FATAL_OPTION_NO_ARG,
BC_ERROR_FATAL_OPTION_ARG,
BC_ERROR_EXEC_IBASE,
BC_ERROR_EXEC_OBASE,
BC_ERROR_EXEC_SCALE,
BC_ERROR_EXEC_READ_EXPR,
BC_ERROR_EXEC_REC_READ,
BC_ERROR_EXEC_TYPE,
BC_ERROR_EXEC_STACK,
BC_ERROR_EXEC_PARAMS,
BC_ERROR_EXEC_UNDEF_FUNC,
BC_ERROR_EXEC_VOID_VAL,
BC_ERROR_PARSE_EOF,
BC_ERROR_PARSE_CHAR,
BC_ERROR_PARSE_STRING,
BC_ERROR_PARSE_COMMENT,
BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN,
#if BC_ENABLED
BC_ERROR_PARSE_EXPR,
BC_ERROR_PARSE_EMPTY_EXPR,
BC_ERROR_PARSE_PRINT,
BC_ERROR_PARSE_FUNC,
BC_ERROR_PARSE_ASSIGN,
BC_ERROR_PARSE_NO_AUTO,
BC_ERROR_PARSE_DUP_LOCAL,
BC_ERROR_PARSE_BLOCK,
BC_ERROR_PARSE_RET_VOID,
BC_ERROR_PARSE_REF_VAR,
BC_ERROR_POSIX_NAME_LEN,
BC_ERROR_POSIX_COMMENT,
BC_ERROR_POSIX_KW,
BC_ERROR_POSIX_DOT,
BC_ERROR_POSIX_RET,
BC_ERROR_POSIX_BOOL,
BC_ERROR_POSIX_REL_POS,
BC_ERROR_POSIX_MULTIREL,
BC_ERROR_POSIX_FOR,
BC_ERROR_POSIX_EXP_NUM,
BC_ERROR_POSIX_REF,
BC_ERROR_POSIX_VOID,
BC_ERROR_POSIX_BRACE,
#endif // BC_ENABLED
BC_ERROR_NELEMS,
#if BC_ENABLED
BC_ERROR_POSIX_START = BC_ERROR_POSIX_NAME_LEN,
BC_ERROR_POSIX_END = BC_ERROR_POSIX_BRACE,
#endif // BC_ENABLED
} BcError;
#define BC_ERR_IDX_MATH (0)
#define BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE (1)
#define BC_ERR_IDX_EXEC (2)
#define BC_ERR_IDX_FATAL (3)
#define BC_ERR_IDX_NELEMS (4)
#if BC_ENABLED
#define BC_ERR_IDX_WARN (BC_ERR_IDX_NELEMS)
#endif // BC_ENABLED
#define BC_UNUSED(e) ((void) (e))
#ifndef BC_LIKELY
#define BC_LIKELY(e) (e)
#endif // BC_LIKELY
#ifndef BC_UNLIKELY
#define BC_UNLIKELY(e) (e)
#endif // BC_UNLIKELY
#define BC_ERR(e) BC_UNLIKELY(e)
#define BC_NO_ERR(s) BC_LIKELY(s)
#ifndef BC_DEBUG_CODE
#define BC_DEBUG_CODE (0)
#endif // BC_DEBUG_CODE
#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201100L
#include <stdnoreturn.h>
#define BC_NORETURN _Noreturn
#else // __STDC_VERSION__
#define BC_NORETURN
#define BC_MUST_RETURN
#endif // __STDC_VERSION__
// Workarounds for AIX's POSIX incompatibility.
#ifndef SIZE_MAX
#define SIZE_MAX __SIZE_MAX__
#endif // SIZE_MAX
#ifndef UINTMAX_C
#define UINTMAX_C __UINTMAX_C
#endif // UINTMAX_C
#ifndef UINT32_C
#define UINT32_C __UINT32_C
#endif // UINT32_C
#ifndef UINT_FAST32_MAX
#define UINT_FAST32_MAX __UINT_FAST32_MAX__
#endif // UINT_FAST32_MAX
#ifndef UINT16_MAX
#define UINT16_MAX __UINT16_MAX__
#endif // UINT16_MAX
#ifndef SIG_ATOMIC_MAX
#define SIG_ATOMIC_MAX __SIG_ATOMIC_MAX__
#endif // SIG_ATOMIC_MAX
#endif // BC_STATUS_H
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/include/status.h
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/include/vector.h
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/include/vector.h (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/include/vector.h (revision 362987)
@@ -1,101 +1,101 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
- * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
*
- * All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Definitions for bc vectors (resizable arrays).
*
*/
#ifndef BC_VECTOR_H
#define BC_VECTOR_H
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <status.h>
#define BC_VEC_INVALID_IDX (SIZE_MAX)
#define BC_VEC_START_CAP (UINTMAX_C(1)<<5)
typedef unsigned char uchar;
typedef void (*BcVecFree)(void*);
// Forward declaration.
struct BcId;
typedef struct BcVec {
char *v;
size_t len;
size_t cap;
size_t size;
BcVecFree dtor;
} BcVec;
void bc_vec_init(BcVec *restrict v, size_t esize, BcVecFree dtor);
void bc_vec_expand(BcVec *restrict v, size_t req);
void bc_vec_npop(BcVec *restrict v, size_t n);
void bc_vec_npopAt(BcVec *restrict v, size_t n, size_t idx);
void bc_vec_push(BcVec *restrict v, const void *data);
void bc_vec_npush(BcVec *restrict v, size_t n, const void *data);
void bc_vec_pushByte(BcVec *restrict v, uchar data);
void bc_vec_pushIndex(BcVec *restrict v, size_t idx);
void bc_vec_string(BcVec *restrict v, size_t len, const char *restrict str);
void bc_vec_concat(BcVec *restrict v, const char *restrict str);
void bc_vec_empty(BcVec *restrict v);
#if BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
void bc_vec_replaceAt(BcVec *restrict v, size_t idx, const void *data);
#endif // BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
void* bc_vec_item(const BcVec *restrict v, size_t idx);
void* bc_vec_item_rev(const BcVec *restrict v, size_t idx);
void bc_vec_clear(BcVec *restrict v);
void bc_vec_free(void *vec);
bool bc_map_insert(BcVec *restrict v, const char *name,
size_t idx, size_t *restrict i);
size_t bc_map_index(const BcVec *restrict v, const char *name);
#define bc_vec_pop(v) (bc_vec_npop((v), 1))
#define bc_vec_top(v) (bc_vec_item_rev((v), 0))
#ifndef NDEBUG
#define bc_map_init(v) (bc_vec_init((v), sizeof(BcId), bc_id_free))
#else // NDEBUG
#define bc_map_init(v) (bc_vec_init((v), sizeof(BcId), NULL))
#endif // NDEBUG
#endif // BC_VECTOR_H
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/include/vector.h
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/include/vm.h
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/include/vm.h (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/include/vm.h (revision 362987)
@@ -1,357 +1,392 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Definitions for bc's VM.
*
*/
#ifndef BC_VM_H
#define BC_VM_H
#include <stddef.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <signal.h>
#if BC_ENABLE_NLS
# ifdef _WIN32
# error NLS is not supported on Windows.
# endif // _WIN32
#include <nl_types.h>
#endif // BC_ENABLE_NLS
#include <status.h>
#include <num.h>
#include <parse.h>
#include <program.h>
#include <history.h>
#include <file.h>
#if !BC_ENABLED && !DC_ENABLED
#error Must define BC_ENABLED, DC_ENABLED, or both
#endif
// CHAR_BIT must be at least 6.
#if CHAR_BIT < 6
#error CHAR_BIT must be at least 6.
#endif
#ifndef BC_ENABLE_NLS
#define BC_ENABLE_NLS (0)
#endif // BC_ENABLE_NLS
#ifndef MAINEXEC
#define MAINEXEC bc
#endif
#ifndef EXECPREFIX
#define EXECPREFIX
#endif
#define GEN_STR(V) #V
#define GEN_STR2(V) GEN_STR(V)
#define BC_VERSION GEN_STR2(VERSION)
#define BC_EXECPREFIX GEN_STR2(EXECPREFIX)
#define BC_MAINEXEC GEN_STR2(MAINEXEC)
// Windows has deprecated isatty().
#ifdef _WIN32
#define isatty _isatty
#endif // _WIN32
+#if DC_ENABLED
#define DC_FLAG_X (UINTMAX_C(1)<<0)
+#endif // DC_ENABLED
+
+#if BC_ENABLED
#define BC_FLAG_W (UINTMAX_C(1)<<1)
#define BC_FLAG_S (UINTMAX_C(1)<<2)
-#define BC_FLAG_Q (UINTMAX_C(1)<<3)
-#define BC_FLAG_L (UINTMAX_C(1)<<4)
-#define BC_FLAG_I (UINTMAX_C(1)<<5)
-#define BC_FLAG_G (UINTMAX_C(1)<<6)
+#define BC_FLAG_L (UINTMAX_C(1)<<3)
+#define BC_FLAG_G (UINTMAX_C(1)<<4)
+#endif // BC_ENABLED
+
+#define BC_FLAG_Q (UINTMAX_C(1)<<5)
+#define BC_FLAG_I (UINTMAX_C(1)<<6)
#define BC_FLAG_P (UINTMAX_C(1)<<7)
#define BC_FLAG_TTYIN (UINTMAX_C(1)<<8)
#define BC_FLAG_TTY (UINTMAX_C(1)<<9)
#define BC_TTYIN (vm.flags & BC_FLAG_TTYIN)
#define BC_TTY (vm.flags & BC_FLAG_TTY)
+#if BC_ENABLED
+
#define BC_S (BC_ENABLED && (vm.flags & BC_FLAG_S))
#define BC_W (BC_ENABLED && (vm.flags & BC_FLAG_W))
#define BC_L (BC_ENABLED && (vm.flags & BC_FLAG_L))
-#define BC_I (vm.flags & BC_FLAG_I)
#define BC_G (BC_ENABLED && (vm.flags & BC_FLAG_G))
-#define DC_X (DC_ENABLED && (vm.flags & DC_FLAG_X))
+
+#endif // BC_ENABLED
+
+#if DC_ENABLED
+#define DC_X (vm.flags & DC_FLAG_X)
+#endif // DC_ENABLED
+
+#define BC_I (vm.flags & BC_FLAG_I)
#define BC_P (vm.flags & BC_FLAG_P)
+#if BC_ENABLED
+
+#define BC_IS_POSIX (BC_S || BC_W)
+
+#if DC_ENABLED
+#define BC_IS_BC (vm.name[0] != 'd')
+#define BC_IS_DC (vm.name[0] == 'd')
+#else // DC_ENABLED
+#define BC_IS_BC (1)
+#define BC_IS_DC (0)
+#endif // DC_ENABLED
+
+#else // BC_ENABLED
+#define BC_IS_POSIX (0)
+#define BC_IS_BC (0)
+#define BC_IS_DC (1)
+#endif // BC_ENABLED
+
+#if BC_ENABLED
#define BC_USE_PROMPT (!BC_P && BC_TTY && !BC_IS_POSIX)
+#else // BC_ENABLED
+#define BC_USE_PROMPT (!BC_P && BC_TTY)
+#endif // BC_ENABLED
#define BC_MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define BC_MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define BC_MAX_OBASE ((BcBigDig) (BC_BASE_POW))
#define BC_MAX_DIM ((BcBigDig) (SIZE_MAX - 1))
#define BC_MAX_SCALE ((BcBigDig) (BC_NUM_BIGDIG_MAX - 1))
#define BC_MAX_STRING ((BcBigDig) (BC_NUM_BIGDIG_MAX - 1))
#define BC_MAX_NAME BC_MAX_STRING
#define BC_MAX_NUM BC_MAX_SCALE
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
#define BC_MAX_RAND ((BcBigDig) (((BcRand) 0) - 1))
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
#define BC_MAX_EXP ((ulong) (BC_NUM_BIGDIG_MAX))
#define BC_MAX_VARS ((ulong) (SIZE_MAX - 1))
-#define BC_IS_BC (BC_ENABLED && (!DC_ENABLED || vm.name[0] != 'd'))
-#define BC_IS_POSIX (BC_S || BC_W)
-
#if BC_DEBUG_CODE
#define BC_VM_JMP bc_vm_jmp(__func__)
#else // BC_DEBUG_CODE
#define BC_VM_JMP bc_vm_jmp()
#endif // BC_DEBUG_CODE
#define BC_SIG_EXC \
BC_UNLIKELY(vm.status != (sig_atomic_t) BC_STATUS_SUCCESS || vm.sig)
#define BC_NO_SIG_EXC \
BC_LIKELY(vm.status == (sig_atomic_t) BC_STATUS_SUCCESS && !vm.sig)
#ifndef NDEBUG
#define BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED do { assert(vm.sig_lock); } while (0)
#define BC_SIG_ASSERT_NOT_LOCKED do { assert(vm.sig_lock == 0); } while (0)
#else // NDEBUG
#define BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED
#define BC_SIG_ASSERT_NOT_LOCKED
#endif // NDEBUG
#define BC_SIG_LOCK \
do { \
BC_SIG_ASSERT_NOT_LOCKED; \
vm.sig_lock = 1; \
} while (0)
#define BC_SIG_UNLOCK \
do { \
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED; \
vm.sig_lock = 0; \
if (BC_SIG_EXC) BC_VM_JMP; \
} while (0)
#define BC_SIG_MAYLOCK \
do { \
vm.sig_lock = 1; \
} while (0)
#define BC_SIG_MAYUNLOCK \
do { \
vm.sig_lock = 0; \
if (BC_SIG_EXC) BC_VM_JMP; \
} while (0)
#define BC_SIG_TRYLOCK(v) \
do { \
v = vm.sig_lock; \
vm.sig_lock = 1; \
} while (0)
#define BC_SIG_TRYUNLOCK(v) \
do { \
vm.sig_lock = (v); \
if (!(v) && BC_SIG_EXC) BC_VM_JMP; \
} while (0)
#define BC_SETJMP(l) \
do { \
sigjmp_buf sjb; \
BC_SIG_LOCK; \
if (sigsetjmp(sjb, 0)) { \
assert(BC_SIG_EXC); \
goto l; \
} \
bc_vec_push(&vm.jmp_bufs, &sjb); \
BC_SIG_UNLOCK; \
} while (0)
#define BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(l) \
do { \
sigjmp_buf sjb; \
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED; \
if (sigsetjmp(sjb, 0)) { \
assert(BC_SIG_EXC); \
goto l; \
} \
bc_vec_push(&vm.jmp_bufs, &sjb); \
} while (0)
#define BC_LONGJMP_CONT \
do { \
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED; \
if (!vm.sig_pop) bc_vec_pop(&vm.jmp_bufs); \
BC_SIG_UNLOCK; \
} while (0)
#define BC_UNSETJMP \
do { \
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED; \
bc_vec_pop(&vm.jmp_bufs); \
} while (0)
#define BC_LONGJMP_STOP \
do { \
vm.sig_pop = 0; \
vm.sig = 0; \
} while (0)
#define BC_VM_BUF_SIZE (1<<12)
#define BC_VM_STDOUT_BUF_SIZE (1<<11)
#define BC_VM_STDERR_BUF_SIZE (1<<10)
-#define BC_VM_STDIN_BUF_SIZE BC_VM_STDERR_BUF_SIZE
+#define BC_VM_STDIN_BUF_SIZE (BC_VM_STDERR_BUF_SIZE - 1)
+
+#define BC_VM_SAFE_RESULT(r) ((r)->t >= BC_RESULT_TEMP)
#define bc_vm_err(e) (bc_vm_error((e), 0))
#define bc_vm_verr(e, ...) (bc_vm_error((e), 0, __VA_ARGS__))
#define BC_STATUS_IS_ERROR(s) \
((s) >= BC_STATUS_ERROR_MATH && (s) <= BC_STATUS_ERROR_FATAL)
#define BC_VM_INVALID_CATALOG ((nl_catd) -1)
// dc does not use is_stdin.
#if !BC_ENABLED
#define bc_vm_process(text, is_stdin) bc_vm_process(text)
#else // BC_ENABLED
#endif // BC_ENABLED
typedef struct BcVm {
volatile sig_atomic_t status;
volatile sig_atomic_t sig_pop;
BcParse prs;
BcProgram prog;
BcVec jmp_bufs;
BcVec temps;
const char* file;
const char *sigmsg;
volatile sig_atomic_t sig_lock;
volatile sig_atomic_t sig;
uchar siglen;
uchar read_ret;
uint16_t flags;
uint16_t nchars;
uint16_t line_len;
bool eof;
BcBigDig maxes[BC_PROG_GLOBALS_LEN + BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH];
BcVec files;
BcVec exprs;
const char *name;
const char *help;
#if BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
BcHistory history;
#endif // BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
BcLexNext next;
BcParseParse parse;
BcParseExpr expr;
const char *func_header;
const char *err_ids[BC_ERR_IDX_NELEMS + BC_ENABLED];
const char *err_msgs[BC_ERROR_NELEMS];
const char *locale;
BcBigDig last_base;
BcBigDig last_pow;
BcBigDig last_exp;
BcBigDig last_rem;
char *env_args_buffer;
BcVec env_args;
BcNum max;
BcDig max_num[BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10];
BcFile fout;
BcFile ferr;
#if BC_ENABLE_NLS
nl_catd catalog;
#endif // BC_ENABLE_NLS
char *buf;
size_t buf_len;
} BcVm;
void bc_vm_info(const char* const help);
void bc_vm_boot(int argc, char *argv[], const char *env_len,
const char* const env_args, const char* env_exp_quit);
void bc_vm_shutdown(void);
void bc_vm_printf(const char *fmt, ...);
void bc_vm_putchar(int c);
size_t bc_vm_arraySize(size_t n, size_t size);
size_t bc_vm_growSize(size_t a, size_t b);
void* bc_vm_malloc(size_t n);
void* bc_vm_realloc(void *ptr, size_t n);
char* bc_vm_strdup(const char *str);
#if BC_DEBUG_CODE
void bc_vm_jmp(const char *f);
#else // BC_DEBUG_CODE
void bc_vm_jmp(void);
#endif // BC_DEBUG_CODE
void bc_vm_error(BcError e, size_t line, ...);
extern const char bc_copyright[];
extern const char* const bc_err_line;
extern const char* const bc_err_func_header;
extern const char *bc_errs[];
extern const uchar bc_err_ids[];
extern const char* const bc_err_msgs[];
extern BcVm vm;
extern char output_bufs[BC_VM_BUF_SIZE];
#endif // BC_VM_H
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/include/vm.h
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/include
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/include (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/include (revision 362987)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/include
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:ignore
## -1,23 +0,0 ##
-*.sh
-*.yml
-*.py
-.git
-.gitignore
-.svnignore
-*.utf8.msg
-Makefile
-tests
-de_AT.*
-de_CH.*
-en_AU.*
-en_CA.*
-en_GB.*
-en_IE.*
-en_NZ.*
-fr_BE.*
-fr_CA.*
-fr_CH.*
-*.ISO8859-15.msg
-en_US.ISO8859-1.msg
-en_US.US-ASCII.msg
-en_US.US_ASCII.msg
Index: head/contrib/bc/locale_install.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locale_install.sh (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locale_install.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+usage() {
+ printf "usage: %s NLSPATH main_exec [DESTDIR]\n" "$0" 1>&2
+ exit 1
+}
+
+gencatfile() {
+
+ _gencatfile_loc="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _gencatfile_file="$1"
+ shift
+
+ mkdir -p $(dirname "$_gencatfile_loc")
+ gencat "$_gencatfile_loc" "$_gencatfile_file" > /dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+localeexists() {
+
+ _localeexists_locales="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _localeexists_locale="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _localeexists_destdir="$1"
+ shift
+
+ if [ "$_localeexists_destdir" != "" ]; then
+ _localeexists_char="@"
+ _localeexists_locale="${_localeexists_locale%%_localeexists_char*}"
+ _localeexists_char="."
+ _localeexists_locale="${_localeexists_locale##*$_localeexists_char}"
+ fi
+
+ test ! -z "${_localeexists_locales##*$_localeexists_locale*}"
+ return $?
+}
+
+splitpath() {
+
+ _splitpath_path="$1"
+ shift
+
+ if [ "$_splitpath_path" = "${_splitpath_path#/}" ]; then
+ printf 'Must use absolute paths\n'
+ exit 1
+ fi
+
+ if [ "${_splitpath_path#\n*}" != "$_splitpath_path" ]; then
+ exit 1
+ fi
+
+ _splitpath_list=""
+ _splitpath_item=""
+
+ while [ "$_splitpath_path" != "/" ]; do
+ _splitpath_item=$(basename "$_splitpath_path")
+ _splitpath_list=$(printf '\n%s%s' "$_splitpath_item" "$_splitpath_list")
+ _splitpath_path=$(dirname "$_splitpath_path")
+ done
+
+ if [ "$_splitpath_list" != "/" ]; then
+ _splitpath_list="${_splitpath_list#?}"
+ fi
+
+ printf '%s' "$_splitpath_list"
+}
+
+relpath() {
+
+ _relpath_path1="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _relpath_path2="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _relpath_nl=$(printf '\nx')
+ _relpath_nl="${_relpath_nl%x}"
+
+ _relpath_splitpath1=`splitpath "$_relpath_path1"`
+ _relpath_splitpath2=`splitpath "$_relpath_path2"`
+
+ _relpath_path=""
+ _relpath_temp1="$_relpath_splitpath1"
+
+ IFS="$_relpath_nl"
+
+ for _relpath_part in $_relpath_temp1; do
+
+ _relpath_temp2="${_relpath_splitpath2#$_relpath_part$_relpath_nl}"
+
+ if [ "$_relpath_temp2" = "$_relpath_splitpath2" ]; then
+ break
+ fi
+
+ _relpath_splitpath2="$_relpath_temp2"
+ _relpath_splitpath1="${_relpath_splitpath1#$_relpath_part$_relpath_nl}"
+
+ done
+
+ for _relpath_part in $_relpath_splitpath2; do
+ _relpath_path="../$_relpath_path"
+ done
+
+ _relpath_path="${_relpath_path%../}"
+
+ for _relpath_part in $_relpath_splitpath1; do
+ _relpath_path="$_relpath_path$_relpath_part/"
+ done
+
+ _relpath_path="${_relpath_path%/}"
+
+ unset IFS
+
+ printf '%s\n' "$_relpath_path"
+}
+
+script="$0"
+scriptdir=$(dirname "$script")
+
+. "$scriptdir/functions.sh"
+
+test "$#" -ge 2 || usage
+
+nlspath="$1"
+shift
+
+main_exec="$1"
+shift
+
+if [ "$#" -ge 1 ]; then
+ destdir="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ destdir=""
+fi
+
+"$scriptdir/locale_uninstall.sh" "$nlspath" "$main_exec" "$destdir"
+
+locales_dir="$scriptdir/locales"
+
+# What this does is if installing to a package, it installs all locales that
+# match supported charsets instead of installing all directly supported locales.
+if [ "$destdir" = "" ]; then
+ locales=$(locale -a)
+else
+ locales=$(locale -m)
+fi
+
+for file in $locales_dir/*.msg; do
+
+ locale=$(basename "$file" ".msg")
+ loc=$(gen_nlspath "$destdir/$nlspath" "$locale" "$main_exec")
+
+ localeexists "$locales" "$locale" "$destdir"
+ err="$?"
+
+ if [ "$err" -eq 0 ]; then
+ continue
+ fi
+
+ if [ -L "$file" ]; then
+ continue
+ fi
+
+ gencatfile "$loc" "$file"
+
+done
+
+for file in $locales_dir/*.msg; do
+
+ locale=$(basename "$file" ".msg")
+ loc=$(gen_nlspath "$destdir/$nlspath" "$locale" "$main_exec")
+
+ localeexists "$locales" "$locale" "$destdir"
+ err="$?"
+
+ if [ "$err" -eq 0 ]; then
+ continue
+ fi
+
+ mkdir -p $(dirname "$loc")
+
+ if [ -L "$file" ]; then
+
+ link=$(readlink "$file")
+ linkdir=$(dirname "$file")
+ locale=$(basename "$link" .msg)
+ linksrc=$(gen_nlspath "$nlspath" "$locale" "$main_exec")
+ relloc="${loc##$destdir/}"
+ rel=$(relpath "$linksrc" "$relloc")
+
+ if [ ! -f "$destdir/$linksrc" ]; then
+ gencatfile "$destdir/$linksrc" "$linkdir/$link"
+ fi
+
+ ln -fs "$rel" "$loc"
+ fi
+
+done
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locale_install.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locale_uninstall.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locale_uninstall.sh (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locale_uninstall.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+usage() {
+ printf "usage: %s NLSPATH main_exec [DESTDIR]\n" "$0" 1>&2
+ exit 1
+}
+
+script="$0"
+scriptdir=$(dirname "$script")
+
+. "$scriptdir/functions.sh"
+
+INSTALL="$scriptdir/safe-install.sh"
+
+test "$#" -ge 2 || usage
+
+nlspath="$1"
+shift
+
+main_exec="$1"
+shift
+
+if [ "$#" -ge 1 ]; then
+ destdir="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ destdir=""
+fi
+
+# I do something clever here. I am replacing the locale spot with
+# a wildcard, which should make it search all locale directories.
+# This way, we can delete catalogs for locales that we had to install
+# because they are symlinks.
+locales=$(gen_nlspath "$destdir/$nlspath" "*" "$main_exec")
+
+for l in $locales; do
+ rm -f "$l"
+done
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locale_uninstall.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_DE.ISO8859-1.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/de_DE.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/de_DE.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -1,80 +1,108 @@
+$ $
+$ SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+$ $
+$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+$ $
+$ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+$ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+$ $
+$ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+$ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+$ $
+$ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+$ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+$ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+$ $
+$ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+$ AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+$ IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+$ ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+$ LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+$ CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+$ SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+$ INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+$ CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+$ ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+$ POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+$ $
+
$quote "
$ Headers for printing errors/warnings.
$set 1
1 "Funktion:"
$ Error types.
$set 2
1 "Rechenfehler:"
2 "Analysefehler:"
3 "Laufzeitfehler:"
4 "Fataler Fehler:"
5 "Warnung:"
$ Math errors.
$set 3
1 "negative Zahl"
2 "Nicht-Ganzzahl-Wert"
3 "Überlauf: Zahl passt nicht in Register"
4 "Division durch 0"
$ Parse errors.
$set 4
1 "Ende der Datei"
2 "ungültiges Zeichen: '%c'"
3 "Zeichenketten-Ende konnte nicht gefunden werden"
4 "Kommentar-Ende konnte nicht gefunden werden"
5 "ungültiges Token"
6 "ungültiger Ausdruck"
7 "leerer Ausdruck"
8 "Ungültige Druckanweisung"
9 "Ungültige Funktionsdefinition"
10 "Ungültige Zuweisung: Die linke Seite muss \"scale\", \"ibase\", \"obase\", \"seed\", \"last\", \"var\" oder \"array element\" sein"
11 "keine automatische Variable gefunden"
12 "Funktionsparameter oder Variable \"%s%s\" existiert bereits"
13 "Blockende konnte nicht gefunden werden"
14 "eine \"void-Funktion\" kann keinen Wert zurückgeben: %s()"
15 "Variable kann keine Referenz sein: %s"
16 "POSIX erlaubt keine Namen mit mehr als 1 Zeichen Länge: %s"
17 "POSIX erlaubt keine '#'-Skriptkommentare"
18 "POSIX erlaubt das Schlüsselwort \"%s\" nicht"
19 "POSIX erlaubt keinen Punkt ('.') als Abkürzung für das letzte Ergebnis"
20 "POSIX benötigt Klammern um Rückgabeausdrücke"
21 "POSIX erlaubt den Operator \"%s\" nicht"
22 "POSIX erlaubt keine Vergleichsoperatoren außerhalb von if-Anweisungen oder Schleifen"
23 "POSIX benötigt 0 oder 1 Vergleichsoperatoren pro Bedingung"
24 "POSIX erlaubt keinen leeren Ausdruck in einer for-Schleife"
25 "POSIX erlaubt keine exponentielle Notation"
26 "POSIX erlaubt keine Feld-Referenzen als Funktionsparameter"
27 "POSIX erfordert, dass die linke Klammer auf der gleichen Linie wie der Funktionskopf steht"
$ Runtime errors.
$set 5
1 "ungültige \"ibase\": muss im Intervall [%lu, %lu] liegen"
2 "ungültige \"obase\": muss im Intervall [%lu, %lu] liegen"
3 "ungültige \"scale\": muss im Intervall [%lu, %lu] liegen"
4 "ungültiger read()-Ausdruck"
5 "rekursiver read()-Aufruf"
6 "Variable oder Feld-Element hat den falschen Typ"
7 "Stapel hat zu wenig Elemente"
8 "falsche Anzahl der Parameter: benötigt %zu, hat %zu"
9 "undefinierte Funktion: %s()"
10 "kann keinen ungültigen Wert in einem Ausdruck verwenden"
$ Fatal errors.
$set 6
1 "Speicherzuweisung fehlgeschlagen"
2 "Ein-Ausgabe-Fehler"
3 "konnte die Datei nicht öffnen: %s"
4 "Datei ist nicht ASCII: %s"
5 "Pfad ist ein Verzeichnis: %s"
6 "ungültige Befehlszeilenoption: \"%s\""
7 "Option erfordert ein Argument: '%c' (\"%s\")"
8 "Option benutzt keine Argumente: '%c' (\"%s\")"
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_DE.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/de_DE.UTF-8.msg (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/de_DE.UTF-8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -1,80 +1,108 @@
+$ $
+$ SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+$ $
+$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+$ $
+$ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+$ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+$ $
+$ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+$ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+$ $
+$ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+$ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+$ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+$ $
+$ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+$ AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+$ IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+$ ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+$ LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+$ CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+$ SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+$ INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+$ CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+$ ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+$ POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+$ $
+
$quote "
$ Headers for printing errors/warnings.
$set 1
1 "Funktion:"
$ Error types.
$set 2
1 "Rechenfehler:"
2 "Analysefehler:"
3 "Laufzeitfehler:"
4 "Fataler Fehler:"
5 "Warnung:"
$ Math errors.
$set 3
1 "negative Zahl"
2 "Nicht-Ganzzahl-Wert"
3 "Überlauf: Zahl passt nicht in Register"
4 "Division durch 0"
$ Parse errors.
$set 4
1 "Ende der Datei"
2 "ungültiges Zeichen: '%c'"
3 "Zeichenketten-Ende konnte nicht gefunden werden"
4 "Kommentar-Ende konnte nicht gefunden werden"
5 "ungültiges Token"
6 "ungültiger Ausdruck"
7 "leerer Ausdruck"
8 "Ungültige Druckanweisung"
9 "Ungültige Funktionsdefinition"
10 "Ungültige Zuweisung: Die linke Seite muss \"scale\", \"ibase\", \"obase\", \"seed\", \"last\", \"var\" oder \"array element\" sein"
11 "keine automatische Variable gefunden"
12 "Funktionsparameter oder Variable \"%s%s\" existiert bereits"
13 "Blockende konnte nicht gefunden werden"
14 "eine \"void-Funktion\" kann keinen Wert zurückgeben: %s()"
15 "Variable kann keine Referenz sein: %s"
16 "POSIX erlaubt keine Namen mit mehr als 1 Zeichen Länge: %s"
17 "POSIX erlaubt keine '#'-Skriptkommentare"
18 "POSIX erlaubt das Schlüsselwort \"%s\" nicht"
19 "POSIX erlaubt keinen Punkt ('.') als Abkürzung für das letzte Ergebnis"
20 "POSIX benötigt Klammern um Rückgabeausdrücke"
21 "POSIX erlaubt den Operator \"%s\" nicht"
22 "POSIX erlaubt keine Vergleichsoperatoren außerhalb von if-Anweisungen oder Schleifen"
23 "POSIX benötigt 0 oder 1 Vergleichsoperatoren pro Bedingung"
24 "POSIX erlaubt keinen leeren Ausdruck in einer for-Schleife"
25 "POSIX erlaubt keine exponentielle Notation"
26 "POSIX erlaubt keine Feld-Referenzen als Funktionsparameter"
27 "POSIX erfordert, dass die linke Klammer auf der gleichen Linie wie der Funktionskopf steht"
$ Runtime errors.
$set 5
1 "ungültige \"ibase\": muss im Intervall [%lu, %lu] liegen"
2 "ungültige \"obase\": muss im Intervall [%lu, %lu] liegen"
3 "ungültige \"scale\"; muss im Intervall [%lu, %lu] liegen"
4 "ungültiger read()-Ausdruck"
5 "rekursiver read()-Aufruf"
6 "Variable oder Feld-Element hat den falschen Typ"
7 "Stapel hat zu wenig Elemente"
8 "falsche Anzahl der Parameter: benötigt %zu, hat %zu"
9 "undefinierte Funktion: %s()"
10 "kann keinen ungültigen Wert in einem Ausdruck verwenden"
$ Fatal errors.
$set 6
1 "Speicherzuweisung fehlgeschlagen"
2 "Ein-Ausgabe-Fehler"
3 "konnte die Datei nicht öffnen: %s"
4 "Datei ist nicht ASCII: %s"
5 "Pfad ist ein Verzeichnis: %s"
6 "ungültige Befehlszeilenoption: \"%s\""
7 "Option erfordert ein Argument: '%c' (\"%s\")"
8 "Option benutzt keine Argumente: '%c' (\"%s\")"
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.msg (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -1,108 +1,108 @@
$ $
-$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+$ SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
$ $
-$ All rights reserved.
+$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
$ $
$ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
$ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
$ $
$ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
$ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
$ $
$ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
$ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
$ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
$ $
$ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
$ AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
$ IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
$ ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
$ LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
$ CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
$ SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
$ INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
$ CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
$ ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
$ POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
$ $
$quote "
$ Miscellaneous messages.
$set 1
1 "Function:"
$ Error types.
$set 2
1 "Math error:"
2 "Parse error:"
3 "Runtime error:"
4 "Fatal error:"
5 "Warning:"
$ Math errors.
$set 3
1 "negative number"
2 "non-integer number"
3 "overflow: number does not fit into a hardware number"
4 "divide by 0"
$ Parse errors.
$set 4
1 "end of file"
2 "invalid character '%c'"
3 "string end cannot be found"
4 "comment end cannot be found"
5 "invalid token"
6 "invalid expression"
7 "empty expression"
8 "invalid print statement"
9 "invalid function definition"
10 "invalid assignment: left side must be scale, ibase, obase, seed, last, var, or array element"
11 "no auto variable found"
12 "function parameter or auto \"%s%s\" already exists"
13 "block end cannot be found"
14 "cannot return a value from void function: %s()"
15 "var cannot be a reference: %s"
16 "POSIX does not allow names longer than 1 character: %s"
17 "POSIX does not allow '#' script comments"
18 "POSIX does not allow the following keyword: %s"
19 "POSIX does not allow a period ('.') as a shortcut for the last result"
20 "POSIX requires parentheses around return expressions"
21 "POSIX does not allow the following operator: %s"
22 "POSIX does not allow comparison operators outside if statements or loops"
23 "POSIX requires 0 or 1 comparison operators per condition"
24 "POSIX requires all 3 parts of a for loop to be non-empty"
25 "POSIX does not allow exponential notation"
26 "POSIX does not allow array references as function parameters"
27 "POSIX requires the left brace be on the same line as the function header"
$ Runtime errors.
$set 5
1 "invalid ibase: must be [%lu, %lu]"
2 "invalid obase: must be [%lu, %lu]"
3 "invalid scale: must be [%lu, %lu]"
4 "invalid read() expression"
5 "recursive read() call"
6 "variable or array element is the wrong type"
7 "stack has too few elements"
8 "wrong number of parameters; need %zu, have %zu"
9 "undefined function: %s()"
10 "cannot use a void value in an expression"
$ Fatal errors.
$set 6
1 "memory allocation failed"
2 "I/O error"
3 "cannot open file: %s"
4 "file is not ASCII: %s"
5 "path is a directory: %s"
6 "invalid command-line option: \"%s\""
7 "option requires an argument: '%c' (\"%s\")"
8 "option takes no arguments: '%c' (\"%s\")"
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/es_ES.ISO8859-1.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/es_ES.ISO8859-1.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/es_ES.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+$ $
+$ SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+$ $
+$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+$ $
+$ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+$ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+$ $
+$ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+$ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+$ $
+$ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+$ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+$ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+$ $
+$ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+$ AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+$ IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+$ ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+$ LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+$ CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+$ SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+$ INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+$ CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+$ ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+$ POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+$ $
+
+$quote "
+
+$ Miscellaneous messages.
+$set 1
+
+1 "Función:"
+
+$ Error types.
+$set 2
+
+1 "Error de matemática:"
+2 "Error de syntaxis:"
+3 "Error de ejecución:"
+4 "Error fatal:"
+5 "Advertencia:"
+
+$ Math errors.
+$set 3
+
+1 "número negativo"
+2 "número no es entero"
+3 "desbordamiento de enteros: no se puede encajar el el hardware"
+4 "división por cero"
+
+$ Parse errors.
+$set 4
+
+1 "fin de archivo"
+2 "no válido '%c'"
+3 "no puede encontrar el fine de la cadena"
+4 "no puede encontrar el fine del comentario"
+5 "el token no es válido"
+6 "la expresión no es válida"
+7 "la expresión es vacía"
+8 "la expresión de print no es válida"
+9 "la definición de función no es válida"
+10 "la asignación no es valida: en la izquierda debe ser scale, ibase, obase, last, var, o un elemento de matriz"
+11 "no se encontró ninguna variable automática"
+12 "ya hay un parámetro de función o variable automatica que se llama \"%s%s\""
+13 "no se puede encontrar el final de del bloque de código"
+14 "no puede haber un valor de retorno de una función \"void\": %s()"
+15 "var no puede ser una referencia: %s"
+16 "POSIX no permite nombres de más de 1 carácter: %s"
+17 "POSIX no permite '#' script comentarios"
+18 "POSIX no permite este palabra clave %s"
+19 "POSIX no permite un punto ('.') como un atajo del resultado previoso"
+20 "POSIX requieres paréntesis en el expresión del \"return\""
+21 "POSIX no permite este operador: %s"
+22 "POSIX no permite operadores de comparación aparte de \"if\" expresión o bucles"
+23 "POSIX requiere 0 o 1 operadores de comparisón para cada condición"
+24 "POSIX requiere todos 3 partes de una bucla que no esta vacío"
+25 "POSIX no permite una notación exponencial"
+26 "POSIX no permite una referencia a una matriz como un parámetro de función"
+27 "POSIX requiere el llave de la izquierda que sea en la misma línea que los parámetros de la función"
+
+$ Runtime errors.
+$set 5
+
+1 "\"ibase\" no es válido: debe ser [%lu, %lu]"
+2 "\"obase\" no es válido: debe ser [%lu, %lu]"
+3 "\"scale\" no es válido: debe ser [%lu, %lu]"
+4 "read() expresión no es válido"
+5 "recursion en la invocación de read()"
+6 "variable o elemento del matriz de tipo equivocado"
+7 "la pila no ha demaciado elementos"
+8 "la función no tiene un número de argumentos correcto; necessita %zu, tiene %zu"
+9 "la función no esta definida: %s()"
+10 "no puede utilizar un valor vacío en una expresión"
+
+$ Fatal errors.
+$set 6
+
+1 "error en la asignación de memoria"
+2 "error de I/O"
+3 "no puede abrir el archivo: %s"
+4 "el archivo no es ASCII: %s"
+5 "el ruta es un directorio: %s"
+6 "una opción de línea de comandos no es válida: \"%s\""
+7 "una opción requiere un argumento: '%c' (\"%s\")"
+8 "una opción no tiene argumento: '%c' (\"%s\")"
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/es_ES.ISO8859-15.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/es_ES.ISO8859-15.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/es_ES.ISO8859-15.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link es_ES.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/es_ES.ISO8859-15.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/es_ES.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/es_ES.UTF-8.msg (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/es_ES.UTF-8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -1,108 +1,108 @@
$ $
-$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+$ SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
$ $
-$ All rights reserved.
+$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
$ $
$ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
$ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
$ $
$ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
$ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
$ $
$ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
$ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
$ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
$ $
$ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
$ AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
$ IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
$ ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
$ LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
$ CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
$ SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
$ INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
$ CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
$ ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
$ POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
$ $
$quote "
$ Miscellaneous messages.
$set 1
1 "Función:"
$ Error types.
$set 2
1 "Error de matemática:"
2 "Error de syntaxis:"
3 "Error de ejecución:"
4 "Error fatal:"
5 "Advertencia:"
$ Math errors.
$set 3
1 "número negativo"
2 "número no es entero"
3 "desbordamiento de enteros: no se puede encajar el el hardware"
4 "división por cero"
$ Parse errors.
$set 4
1 "fin de archivo"
2 "no válido '%c'"
3 "no puede encontrar el fine de la cadena"
4 "no puede encontrar el fine del comentario"
5 "el token no es válido"
6 "la expresión no es válida"
7 "la expresión es vacía"
8 "la expresión de print no es válida"
9 "la definición de función no es válida"
10 "la asignación no es valida: en la izquierda debe ser scale, ibase, obase, last, var, o un elemento de matriz"
11 "no se encontró ninguna variable automática"
12 "ya hay un parámetro de función o variable automatica que se llama \"%s%s\""
13 "no se puede encontrar el final de del bloque de código"
14 "no puede haber un valor de retorno de una función \"void\": %s()"
15 "var no puede ser una referencia: %s"
16 "POSIX no permite nombres de más de 1 carácter: %s"
17 "POSIX no permite '#' script comentarios"
18 "POSIX no permite este palabra clave %s"
19 "POSIX no permite un punto ('.') como un atajo del resultado previoso"
20 "POSIX requieres paréntesis en el expresión del \"return\""
21 "POSIX no permite este operador: %s"
22 "POSIX no permite operadores de comparación aparte de \"if\" expresión o bucles"
23 "POSIX requiere 0 o 1 operadores de comparisón para cada condición"
24 "POSIX requiere todos 3 partes de una bucla que no esta vacío"
25 "POSIX no permite una notación exponencial"
26 "POSIX no permite una referencia a una matriz como un parámetro de función"
27 "POSIX requiere el llave de la izquierda que sea en la misma línea que los parámetros de la función"
$ Runtime errors.
$set 5
1 "\"ibase\" no es válido: debe ser [%lu, %lu]"
2 "\"obase\" no es válido: debe ser [%lu, %lu]"
3 "\"scale\" no es válido: debe ser [%lu, %lu]"
4 "read() expresión no es válido"
5 "recursion en la invocación de read()"
6 "variable o elemento del matriz de tipo equivocado"
7 "la pila no ha demaciado elementos"
8 "la función no tiene un número de argumentos correcto; necessita %zu, tiene %zu"
9 "la función no esta definida: %s()"
10 "no puede utilizar un valor vacío en una expresión"
$ Fatal errors.
$set 6
1 "error en la asignación de memoria"
2 "error de I/O"
3 "no puede abrir el archivo: %s"
4 "el archivo no es ASCII: %s"
5 "el ruta es un directorio: %s"
6 "una opción de línea de comandos no es válida: \"%s\""
7 "una opción requiere un argumento: '%c' (\"%s\")"
8 "una opción no tiene argumento: '%c' (\"%s\")"
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_FR.ISO8859-1.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_FR.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_FR.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -1,108 +1,108 @@
$ $
-$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+$ SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
$ $
-$ All rights reserved.
+$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
$ $
$ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
$ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
$ $
$ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
$ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
$ $
$ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
$ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
$ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
$ $
$ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
$ AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
$ IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
$ ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
$ LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
$ CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
$ SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
$ INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
$ CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
$ ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
$ POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
$ $
$quote "
$ Miscellaneous messages.
$set 1
1 "Fonction :"
$ Error types.
$set 2
1 "Erreur de calcul :"
2 "Erreur d'analyse syntaxique :"
3 "Erreur d'exécution :"
4 "Erreur fatale :"
5 "Avertissement :"
$ Math errors.
$set 3
1 "nombre strictement négatif"
2 "nombre non entier"
3 "dépassement : le nombre ne tient pas dans un type traité par le processeur"
4 "division par 0"
$ Parse errors.
$set 4
1 "fin de fichier"
2 "caractère invalide '%c'"
3 "fin de chaîne non trouvée"
4 "fin de commentaire non trouvée"
5 "symbole invalide"
6 "expression invalide"
7 "expression vide"
8 "instruction d'écriture invalide"
9 "définition de fonction invalide"
10 "affectation invalide : la partie gauche doit être 'scale', 'ibase', 'obase', 'seed', 'last', une variable ou une case de tableau"
11 "aucune variable auto trouvée"
12 "Le paramètre de fonction ou variable auto \"%s%s\" existe déjà"
13 "fin de bloc non trouvée"
14 "une fonction 'void' ne peut pas retourner de valeur : %s()"
15 "Une variable ne peut pas être une référence : %s"
16 "POSIX interdit les noms de plus d'un caractère : %s"
17 "POSIX interdit les commentaires dans les scripts (pas de '#')"
18 "POSIX interdit le mot-clé '%s'"
19 "POSIX interdit l'utilisation du point ('.') comme raccourci pour le dernier résultat"
20 "POSIX impose des parenthèses autour des expressions de retour"
21 "POSIX interdit l'opérateur '%s'"
22 "POSIX interdit les opérateurs de comparaison en dehors des expressions 'if' ou des boucles"
23 "POSIX impose 0 ou 1 opérateur de comparaison par condition"
24 "POSIX interdit une expression vide dans une boucle 'for'"
25 "POSIX interdit la notation exponentielle"
26 "POSIX interdit les références à un tableau dans les paramètres d'une fonction"
27 "POSIX impose que l'en-tête de la fonction et le '{' soient sur la même ligne"
$ Runtime errors.
$set 5
1 "ibase invalide : doit être [%lu, %lu]"
2 "obase invalide : doit être [%lu, %lu]"
3 "scale invalide : doit être [%lu, %lu]"
4 "expression read() invalide"
5 "appel read() récursif"
6 "mauvais type de variable ou d'élément de tableau"
7 "pile sous-remplie"
8 "nombre incorrect de paramètres - attendus : %zu, obtenus : %zu"
9 "fonction non définie : %s()"
10 "une valeur 'void' est inutilisable dans une expression"
$ Fatal errors.
$set 6
1 "échec d'allocation mémoire"
2 "erreur d'entrée-sortie"
3 "impossible d'ouvrir le fichier : %s"
4 "fichier non ASCII : %s"
5 "le chemin est un répertoire : %s"
6 "option de ligne de commande invalide : \"%s\""
7 "l'option '%c' (\"%s\") requiert un argument"
8 "l'option '%c' (\"%s\") ne prend pas d'argument"
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_FR.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_FR.UTF-8.msg (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_FR.UTF-8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -1,108 +1,108 @@
$ $
-$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+$ SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
$ $
-$ All rights reserved.
+$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
$ $
$ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
$ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
$ $
$ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
$ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
$ $
$ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
$ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
$ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
$ $
$ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
$ AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
$ IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
$ ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
$ LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
$ CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
$ SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
$ INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
$ CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
$ ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
$ POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
$ $
$quote "
$ Miscellaneous messages.
$set 1
1 "Fonction :"
$ Error types.
$set 2
1 "Erreur de calcul :"
2 "Erreur d'analyse syntaxique :"
3 "Erreur d'exécution :"
4 "Erreur fatale :"
5 "Avertissement :"
$ Math errors.
$set 3
1 "nombre strictement négatif"
2 "nombre non entier"
3 "dépassement : le nombre ne tient pas dans un type traité par le processeur"
4 "division par 0"
$ Parse errors.
$set 4
1 "fin de fichier"
2 "caractère invalide '%c'"
3 "fin de chaîne non trouvée"
4 "fin de commentaire non trouvée"
5 "symbole invalide"
6 "expression invalide"
7 "expression vide"
8 "instruction d'écriture invalide"
9 "définition de fonction invalide"
10 "affectation invalide : la partie gauche doit être 'scale', 'ibase', 'obase', 'seed', 'last', une variable ou une case de tableau"
11 "aucune variable auto trouvée"
12 "Le paramètre de fonction ou variable auto \"%s%s\" existe déjà"
13 "fin de bloc non trouvée"
14 "une fonction 'void' ne peut pas retourner de valeur : %s()"
15 "Une variable ne peut pas être une référence : %s"
16 "POSIX interdit les noms de plus d'un caractère : %s"
17 "POSIX interdit les commentaires dans les scripts (pas de '#')"
18 "POSIX interdit le mot-clé '%s'"
19 "POSIX interdit l'utilisation du point ('.') comme raccourci pour le dernier résultat"
20 "POSIX impose des parenthèses autour des expressions de retour"
21 "POSIX interdit l'opérateur '%s'"
22 "POSIX interdit les opérateurs de comparaison en dehors des expressions 'if' ou des boucles"
23 "POSIX impose 0 ou 1 opérateur de comparaison par condition"
24 "POSIX interdit une expression vide dans une boucle 'for'"
25 "POSIX interdit la notation exponentielle"
26 "POSIX interdit les références à un tableau dans les paramètres d'une fonction"
27 "POSIX impose que l'en-tête de la fonction et le '{' soient sur la même ligne"
$ Runtime errors.
$set 5
1 "ibase invalide : doit être [%lu, %lu]"
2 "obase invalide : doit être [%lu, %lu]"
3 "scale invalide : doit être [%lu, %lu]"
4 "expression read() invalide"
5 "appel read() récursif"
6 "mauvais type de variable ou d'élément de tableau"
7 "pile sous-remplie"
8 "nombre incorrect de paramètres - attendus : %zu, obtenus : %zu"
9 "fonction non définie : %s()"
10 "une valeur 'void' est inutilisable dans une expression"
$ Fatal errors.
$set 6
1 "échec d'allocation mémoire"
2 "erreur d'entrée-sortie"
3 "impossible d'ouvrir le fichier : %s"
4 "fichier non ASCII : %s"
5 "le chemin est un répertoire : %s"
6 "option de ligne de commande invalide : \"%s\""
7 "l'option '%c' (\"%s\") requiert un argument"
8 "l'option '%c' (\"%s\") ne prend pas d'argument"
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/ja_JP.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
Cannot display: file marked as a binary type.
svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/ja_JP.eucJP.msg
===================================================================
Cannot display: file marked as a binary type.
svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_NL.ISO8859-1.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_NL.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_NL.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -1,83 +1,111 @@
+$ $
+$ SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+$ $
+$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+$ $
+$ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+$ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+$ $
+$ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+$ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+$ $
+$ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+$ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+$ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+$ $
+$ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+$ AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+$ IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+$ ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+$ LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+$ CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+$ SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+$ INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+$ CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+$ ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+$ POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+$ $
+
$quote "
$ Diversen berichten.
$set 1
1 "Functie:"
$ Fouttypes.
$set 2
1 "Rekenfout:"
2 "Parse error:"
3 "Runtime error:"
4 "Fatale fout:"
5 "Waarschuwing:"
$ Math error.
$set 3
1 "negatief getal"
2 "niet-integraal getal"
3 "overloop: nummer past niet in een hardware-nummer"
4 "delen door 0"
$ Parsefouten.
$set 4
1 "einde van het file"
2 "ongeldig teken '%c'"
3 "string einde kon niet worden gevonden"
4 "commentaar einde kon niet worden gevonden"
5 "ongeldige token"
6 "ongeldige uitdrukking"
7 "lege uitdrukking"
8 "ongeldige afdruk"
9 "ongeldige functiedefinitie"
10 "ongeldige toewijzing: linkerzijde moet scale, ibase, obase, last, var of array element zijn"
11 "geen autovariabele gevonden"
12 "Functieparameter of automatisch bestaat al"
13 "blokuiteinde kon niet worden gevonden"
14 "kan geen waarde uit de nietige functie teruggeven: %s()"
15 "var kan geen referentie zijn: %s"
16 "POSIX staat geen namen toe die langer zijn dan 1 teken: %s"
17 "POSIX staat geen '#'-scriptcommentaar toe"
18 "POSIX laat het volgende sleutelwoord niet toe: %s"
19 "POSIX staat geen periode ('.') toe als een kortere weg voor het laatste resultaat"
20 "POSIX vereist haakjes rond de terugkeeruitdrukkingen"
21 "POSIX laat de volgende operator niet toe: %s"
22 "POSIX laat geen vergelijking toe tussen operatoren buiten als verklaringen of lussen"
23 "POSIX vereist 0 of 1 vergelijkingsoperator per conditie"
24 "POSIX vereist dat alle 3 de delen van een lus niet leeg zijn"
25 "POSIX laat geen exponentiële notatie toe"
26 "POSIX staat geen arrayreferenties toe als functieparameters"
27 "POSIX vereist dat de linkse beugel op dezelfde regel staat als de functiehoofding"
$ Runtime fouten.
$set 5
1 "ongeldige ibase: moet [%lu, %lu] zijn"
2 "ongeldige obase: moet [%lu, %lu] zijn"
3 "ongeldige schaal: moet [%lu, %lu] zijn"
4 "ongeldige read() expressie"
5 "recursieve read() call"
6 "Variabele of matrix-element is het verkeerde type"
7 "Stapel heeft te weinig elementen"
8 "Verkeerd aantal parameters; hebben %zu nodig, hebben %zu"
9 "ongedefinieerde functie: %s()"
10 "kan geen nietige waarde in een uitdrukking gebruiken"
$ Fatale fouten.
$set 6
1 "geheugentoewijzing mislukt"
2 "I/O-fout"
3 "kon geen file openen: %s"
4 "bestand is niet ASCII: %s"
5 "pad is een directory: %s"
6 "ongeldige opdrachtregeloptie: '%c' (%s)"
$set 7
1 "optie vereist een argument: '%c' (\"%s\")"
2 "optie neemt geen argumenten aan: '%c' (\"%s\")"
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_NL.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_NL.UTF-8.msg (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_NL.UTF-8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -1,83 +1,111 @@
+$ $
+$ SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+$ $
+$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+$ $
+$ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+$ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+$ $
+$ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+$ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+$ $
+$ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+$ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+$ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+$ $
+$ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+$ AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+$ IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+$ ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+$ LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+$ CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+$ SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+$ INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+$ CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+$ ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+$ POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+$ $
+
$quote "
$ Diversen berichten.
$set 1
1 "Functie:"
$ Fouttypes.
$set 2
1 "Rekenfout:"
2 "Parse error:"
3 "Runtime error:"
4 "Fatale fout:"
5 "Waarschuwing:"
$ Math error.
$set 3
1 "negatief getal"
2 "niet-integraal getal"
3 "overloop: nummer past niet in een hardware-nummer"
4 "delen door 0"
$ Parsefouten.
$set 4
1 "einde van het file"
2 "ongeldig teken '%c'"
3 "string einde kon niet worden gevonden"
4 "commentaar einde kon niet worden gevonden"
5 "ongeldige token"
6 "ongeldige uitdrukking"
7 "lege uitdrukking"
8 "ongeldige afdruk"
9 "ongeldige functiedefinitie"
10 "ongeldige toewijzing: linkerzijde moet scale, ibase, obase, last, var of array element zijn"
11 "geen autovariabele gevonden"
12 "Functieparameter of automatisch bestaat al"
13 "blokuiteinde kon niet worden gevonden"
14 "kan geen waarde uit de nietige functie teruggeven: %s()"
15 "var kan geen referentie zijn: %s"
16 "POSIX staat geen namen toe die langer zijn dan 1 teken: %s"
17 "POSIX staat geen '#'-scriptcommentaar toe"
18 "POSIX laat het volgende sleutelwoord niet toe: %s"
19 "POSIX staat geen periode ('.') toe als een kortere weg voor het laatste resultaat"
20 "POSIX vereist haakjes rond de terugkeeruitdrukkingen"
21 "POSIX laat de volgende operator niet toe: %s"
22 "POSIX laat geen vergelijking toe tussen operatoren buiten als verklaringen of lussen"
23 "POSIX vereist 0 of 1 vergelijkingsoperator per conditie"
24 "POSIX vereist dat alle 3 de delen van een lus niet leeg zijn"
25 "POSIX laat geen exponentiële notatie toe"
26 "POSIX staat geen arrayreferenties toe als functieparameters"
27 "POSIX vereist dat de linkse beugel op dezelfde regel staat als de functiehoofding"
$ Runtime fouten.
$set 5
1 "ongeldige ibase: moet [%lu, %lu] zijn"
2 "ongeldige obase: moet [%lu, %lu] zijn"
3 "ongeldige schaal: moet [%lu, %lu] zijn"
4 "ongeldige read() expressie"
5 "recursieve read() call"
6 "Variabele of matrix-element is het verkeerde type"
7 "Stapel heeft te weinig elementen"
8 "Verkeerd aantal parameters; hebben %zu nodig, hebben %zu"
9 "ongedefinieerde functie: %s()"
10 "kan geen nietige waarde in een uitdrukking gebruiken"
$ Fatale fouten.
$set 6
1 "geheugentoewijzing mislukt"
2 "I/O-fout"
3 "kon geen file openen: %s"
4 "bestand is niet ASCII: %s"
5 "pad is een directory: %s"
6 "ongeldige opdrachtregeloptie: '%c' (%s)"
$set 7
1 "optie vereist een argument: '%c' (\"%s\")"
2 "optie neemt geen argumenten aan: '%c' (\"%s\")"
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/pl_PL.ISO8859-2.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/pl_PL.ISO8859-2.msg (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/pl_PL.ISO8859-2.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -1,83 +1,111 @@
+$ $
+$ SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+$ $
+$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+$ $
+$ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+$ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+$ $
+$ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+$ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+$ $
+$ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+$ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+$ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+$ $
+$ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+$ AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+$ IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+$ ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+$ LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+$ CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+$ SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+$ INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+$ CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+$ ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+$ POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+$ $
+
$quote "
$ Ró¿ne wiadomo¶ci.
$set 1
1 "Funkcja:"
$ Typy b³êdów.
$set 2
1 "B³±d matematyczny:"
2 "B³±d parse'a:"
3 "B³±d biegu:"
4 "B³±d ¶miertelny:"
5 "Ostrze¿enie:"
$ B³êdy matematyczne.
$set 3
1 "liczba ujemna"
2 "numer nieintegracyjny"
3 "przelewanie: liczba nie mie¶ci siê w numerze sprzêtowym"
4 "dzielenie przez 0"
$ B³êdy Parse'a.
$set 4
1 "koniec akt"
2 "niewa¿ny znak '%c'"
3 "koniec sznurka nie móg³ byæ znaleziony"
4 "koniec komentarza nie móg³ byæ znaleziony"
5 "niewa¿ny token"
6 "niewa¿ne wyra¿enie"
7 "puste wyra¿enie"
8 "niewa¿ny wyci±g z wydruku"
9 "nieprawid³owa definicja funkcji"
10 "nieprawid³owe przyporz±dkowanie: lewa strona musi byæ elementem scale, ibase, obase, last, var lub element array"
11 "nie znaleziono zmiennej automatycznej"
12 "parametr funkcji lub auto \"%s%s\" ju¿ istnieje"
13 "koñca bloku nie mo¿na by³o znale¼æ"
14 "nie mo¿e zwróciæ warto¶ci z funkcji void: %s()"
15 "var nie mo¿e byæ odniesieniem: %s"
16 "POSIX nie zezwala na nazwy d³u¿sze ni¿ 1 znak: %s"
17 "POSIX nie pozwala na komentarze skryptu '#'"
18 "POSIX nie pozwala na u¿ycie nastêpuj±cego s³owa kluczowego: %s"
19 "POSIX nie dopuszcza kropki ('.') jako skrótu do ostatniego wyniku"
20 "POSIX wymaga nawiasów wokó³ wyra¿eñ zwrotnych"
21 "POSIX nie pozwala nastêpuj±cemu operatorowi: %s"
22 "POSIX nie pozwala na porównywanie operatorów na zewn±trz, je¶li deklaracje lub pêtle"
23 "POSIX wymaga 0 lub 1 operatora porównawczego na jeden warunek"
24 "POSIX wymaga, aby wszystkie 3 czê¶ci pêtli nie by³y puste"
25 "POSIX nie pozwala na notacjê wyk³adnicz±"
26 "POSIX nie zezwala na odniesienia do tablicy jako parametrów funkcji"
27 "POSIX wymaga, aby lewe usztywnienie znajdowa³o siê na tej samej linii co nag³ówek funkcji"
$ B³êdy Runtime'u.
$set 5
1 "nieprawid³owa ibase: musi byæ [%lu, %lu]"
2 "nieprawid³owa obase: musi byæ [%lu, %lu]"
3 "nieprawid³owa scale: musi byæ [%lu, %lu]"
4 "nieprawid³owe wyra¿enie read()"
5 "powtarzalne wywo³anie read()"
6 "element zmienny lub tablicowy jest niew³a¶ciwym typem"
7 "stos ma zbyt ma³o elementów"
8 "niew³a¶ciwa liczba parametrów; potrzeba %zu, maj± %zu"
9 "niezdefiniowana funkcja: %s()"
10 "nie mo¿e u¿yæ warto¶ci pustej w wyra¿eniu"
$ Fatalne b³êdy.
$set 6
1 "Alokacja pamiêci nie powiod³a siê"
2 "B³±d we/wy"
3 "nie móg³ otworzyæ pliku: %s"
4 "plik nie jest ASCII: %s"
5 "¶cie¿ka to katalog: %s"
6 "nieprawid³owa opcja wiersza poleceñ: '%c' (\"%s\")"
$set 7
1 "opcja wymaga argumentu: '%c' (\"%s\")"
2 "opcja nie wymaga ¿adnych argumentów: '%c' (\"%s\")"
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/pl_PL.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/pl_PL.UTF-8.msg (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/pl_PL.UTF-8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -1,83 +1,111 @@
+$ $
+$ SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+$ $
+$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+$ $
+$ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+$ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+$ $
+$ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+$ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+$ $
+$ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+$ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+$ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+$ $
+$ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+$ AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+$ IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+$ ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+$ LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+$ CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+$ SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+$ INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+$ CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+$ ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+$ POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+$ $
+
$quote "
$ Różne wiadomości.
$set 1
1 "Funkcja:"
$ Typy błędów.
$set 2
1 "Błąd matematyczny:"
2 "Błąd parse'a:"
3 "Błąd biegu:"
4 "Błąd śmiertelny:"
5 "Ostrzeżenie:"
$ Błędy matematyczne.
$set 3
1 "liczba ujemna"
2 "numer nieintegracyjny"
3 "przelewanie: liczba nie mieści się w numerze sprzętowym"
4 "dzielenie przez 0"
$ Błędy Parse'a.
$set 4
1 "koniec akt"
2 "nieważny znak '%c'"
3 "koniec sznurka nie mógł być znaleziony"
4 "koniec komentarza nie mógł być znaleziony"
5 "nieważny token"
6 "nieważne wyrażenie"
7 "puste wyrażenie"
8 "nieważny wyciąg z wydruku"
9 "nieprawidłowa definicja funkcji"
10 "nieprawidłowe przyporządkowanie: lewa strona musi być elementem scale, ibase, obase, last, var lub element array"
11 "nie znaleziono zmiennej automatycznej"
12 "parametr funkcji lub auto \"%s%s\" już istnieje"
13 "końca bloku nie można było znaleźć"
14 "nie może zwrócić wartości z funkcji void: %s()"
15 "var nie może być odniesieniem: %s"
16 "POSIX nie zezwala na nazwy dłuższe niż 1 znak: %s"
17 "POSIX nie pozwala na komentarze skryptu '#'"
18 "POSIX nie pozwala na użycie następującego słowa kluczowego: %s"
19 "POSIX nie dopuszcza kropki ('.') jako skrótu do ostatniego wyniku"
20 "POSIX wymaga nawiasów wokół wyrażeń zwrotnych"
21 "POSIX nie pozwala następującemu operatorowi: %s"
22 "POSIX nie pozwala na porównywanie operatorów na zewnątrz, jeśli deklaracje lub pętle"
23 "POSIX wymaga 0 lub 1 operatora porównawczego na jeden warunek"
24 "POSIX wymaga, aby wszystkie 3 części pętli nie były puste"
25 "POSIX nie pozwala na notację wykładniczą"
26 "POSIX nie zezwala na odniesienia do tablicy jako parametrów funkcji"
27 "POSIX wymaga, aby lewe usztywnienie znajdowało się na tej samej linii co nagłówek funkcji"
$ Błędy Runtime'u.
$set 5
1 "nieprawidłowa ibase: musi być [%lu, %lu]"
2 "nieprawidłowa obase: musi być [%lu, %lu]"
3 "nieprawidłowa scale: musi być [%lu, %lu]"
4 "nieprawidłowe wyrażenie read()"
5 "powtarzalne wywołanie read()"
6 "element zmienny lub tablicowy jest niewłaściwym typem"
7 "stos ma zbyt mało elementów"
8 "niewłaściwa liczba parametrów; potrzeba %zu, mają %zu"
9 "niezdefiniowana funkcja: %s()"
10 "nie może użyć wartości pustej w wyrażeniu"
$ Fatalne błędy.
$set 6
1 "Alokacja pamięci nie powiodła się"
2 "Błąd we/wy"
3 "nie mógł otworzyć pliku: %s"
4 "plik nie jest ASCII: %s"
5 "ścieżka to katalog: %s"
6 "nieprawidłowa opcja wiersza poleceń: '%c' (\"%s\")"
$set 7
1 "opcja wymaga argumentu: '%c' (\"%s\")"
2 "opcja nie wymaga żadnych argumentów: '%c' (\"%s\")"
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_PT.ISO8859-1.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_PT.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_PT.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -1,108 +1,108 @@
$ $
-$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+$ SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
$ $
-$ All rights reserved.
+$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
$ $
$ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
$ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
$ $
$ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
$ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
$ $
$ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
$ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
$ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
$ $
$ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
$ AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
$ IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
$ ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
$ LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
$ CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
$ SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
$ INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
$ CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
$ ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
$ POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
$ $
$quote "
$ Miscellaneous messages.
$set 1
1 "Função:"
$ Error types.
$set 2
1 "Erro de cálculo:"
2 "Erro de análise de sintaxe:"
3 "Erro de execução:"
4 "Erro fatal:"
5 "Aviso:"
$ Math errors.
$set 3
1 "número negativo"
2 "número não inteiro"
3 "Estouro: número não cabe no registro"
4 "dividir por 0"
$ Parse errors.
$set 4
1 "fim do arquivo"
2 "caractere inválido '%c'"
3 "Não foi possível encontrar o final da string"
4 "Não foi possível encontrar o final do comentário"
5 "token inválido"
6 "expressão inválida"
7 "expressão vazia"
8 "instrução de gravação inválida"
9 "definição de função inválida"
10 "atribuição inválida: a parte esquerda deve ser 'scale', 'ibase', 'obase', 'last', uma variável ou um elemento da matriz"
11 "nenhuma variável automática encontrada"
12 "parâmetro de função ou variável automática \"%s%s\" já existe"
13 "fim do bloco não encontrado"
14 "uma função 'void' não pode retornar um valor: %s()"
15 "Uma variável não pode ser uma referência: %s"
16 "POSIX não permite nomes com mais de 1 caractere: %s"
17 "POSIX não permite comentários de script '#'"
18 "POSIX não permite a seguinte palavra-chave: %s"
19 "POSIX não permite um ponto ('.') como um atalho para o último resultado"
20 "POSIX requer parênteses em torno de expressões de retorno"
21 "POSIX não permite o seguinte operador: %s"
22 "POSIX não permite operadores de comparação fora das expressões 'if' ou loops"
23 "POSIX requer operadores 0 ou 1 de comparação por condição"
24 "POSIX não permite uma expressão vazia em um loop 'for'"
25 "POSIX não permite notação exponencial"
26 "POSIX não permite referências de matriz como parâmetros de função"
27 "POSIX requer que o cabeçalho da função '{' estejam na mesma linha"
$ Runtime errors.
$set 5
1 "ibase inválido: deve ser [%lu, %lu]"
2 "obase inválido: deve ser [%lu, %lu]"
3 "scale inválida: deve ser [%lu, %lu]"
4 "expressão read() inválida"
5 "chamada read() recursiva"
6 "tipo errado de variável ou elemento de matriz"
7 "pilha tem poucos elementos"
8 "número incorreto de parâmetros - esperado: %zu, obtido: %zu"
9 "função indefinida: %s()"
10 "um valor 'void' não pode ser usado em uma expressão"
$ Fatal errors.
$set 6
1 "falha na alocação de memória"
2 "erro de entrada-saída"
3 "impossível abrir o arquivo: %s"
4 "arquivo não é ASCII: %s"
5 "caminho é um diretório: %s"
6 "opção de linha de comando inválida: \"%s\""
7 "opção requer um argumento: '%c' (\"%s\")"
8 "a opção não aceita argumentos: '%c' (\"%s\")"
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_PT.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_PT.UTF-8.msg (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_PT.UTF-8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -1,108 +1,108 @@
$ $
-$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+$ SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
$ $
-$ All rights reserved.
+$ Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
$ $
$ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
$ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
$ $
$ * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
$ list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
$ $
$ * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
$ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
$ and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
$ $
$ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
$ AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
$ IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
$ ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
$ LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
$ CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
$ SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
$ INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
$ CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
$ ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
$ POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
$ $
$quote "
$ Miscellaneous messages.
$set 1
1 "Função:"
$ Error types.
$set 2
1 "Erro de cálculo:"
2 "Erro de análise de sintaxe:"
3 "Erro de execução:"
4 "Erro fatal:"
5 "Aviso:"
$ Math errors.
$set 3
1 "número negativo"
2 "número não inteiro"
3 "Estouro: número não cabe no registro"
4 "dividir por 0"
$ Parse errors.
$set 4
1 "fim do arquivo"
2 "caractere inválido '%c'"
3 "Não foi possível encontrar o final da string"
4 "Não foi possível encontrar o final do comentário"
5 "token inválido"
6 "expressão inválida"
7 "expressão vazia"
8 "instrução de gravação inválida"
9 "definição de função inválida"
10 "atribuição inválida: a parte esquerda deve ser 'scale', 'ibase', 'obase', 'last', uma variável ou um elemento da matriz"
11 "nenhuma variável automática encontrada"
12 "parâmetro de função ou variável automática \"%s%s\" já existe"
13 "fim do bloco não encontrado"
14 "uma função 'void' não pode retornar um valor: %s()"
15 "Uma variável não pode ser uma referência: %s"
16 "POSIX não permite nomes com mais de 1 caractere: %s"
17 "POSIX não permite comentários de script '#'"
18 "POSIX não permite a seguinte palavra-chave: %s"
19 "POSIX não permite um ponto ('.') como um atalho para o último resultado"
20 "POSIX requer parênteses em torno de expressões de retorno"
21 "POSIX não permite o seguinte operador: %s"
22 "POSIX não permite operadores de comparação fora das expressões 'if' ou loops"
23 "POSIX requer operadores 0 ou 1 de comparação por condição"
24 "POSIX não permite uma expressão vazia em um loop 'for'"
25 "POSIX não permite notação exponencial"
26 "POSIX não permite referências de matriz como parâmetros de função"
27 "POSIX requer que o cabeçalho da função '{' estejam na mesma linha"
$ Runtime errors.
$set 5
1 "ibase inválido: deve ser [%lu, %lu]"
2 "obase inválido: deve ser [%lu, %lu]"
3 "scale inválida: deve ser [%lu, %lu]"
4 "expressão read() inválida"
5 "chamada read() recursiva"
6 "tipo errado de variável ou elemento de matriz"
7 "pilha tem poucos elementos"
8 "número incorreto de parâmetros - esperado: %zu, obtido: %zu"
9 "função indefinida: %s()"
10 "um valor 'void' não pode ser usado em uma expressão"
$ Fatal errors.
$set 6
1 "falha na alocação de memória"
2 "erro de entrada-saída"
3 "impossível abrir o arquivo: %s"
4 "arquivo não é ASCII: %s"
5 "caminho é um diretório: %s"
6 "opção de linha de comando inválida: \"%s\""
7 "opção requer um argumento: '%c' (\"%s\")"
8 "a opção não aceita argumentos: '%c' (\"%s\")"
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/ru_RU.CP1251.msg
===================================================================
Cannot display: file marked as a binary type.
svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/ru_RU.CP866.msg
===================================================================
Cannot display: file marked as a binary type.
svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/ru_RU.ISO8859-5.msg
===================================================================
Cannot display: file marked as a binary type.
svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/ru_RU.KOI8-R.msg
===================================================================
Cannot display: file marked as a binary type.
svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/ru_RU.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
Cannot display: file marked as a binary type.
svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/zh_CN.GB18030.msg
===================================================================
Cannot display: file marked as a binary type.
svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/zh_CN.GB2312.msg
===================================================================
Cannot display: file marked as a binary type.
svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/zh_CN.GBK.msg
===================================================================
Cannot display: file marked as a binary type.
svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/zh_CN.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
Cannot display: file marked as a binary type.
svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/zh_CN.eucCN.msg
===================================================================
Cannot display: file marked as a binary type.
svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_AT.ISO8859-1.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/de_AT.ISO8859-1.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/de_AT.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link de_DE.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_AT.ISO8859-1.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_AT.ISO8859-15.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/de_AT.ISO8859-15.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/de_AT.ISO8859-15.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link de_DE.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_AT.ISO8859-15.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_AT.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/de_AT.UTF-8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/de_AT.UTF-8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link de_DE.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_AT.UTF-8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_AT.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/de_AT.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/de_AT.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link de_AT.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_AT.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_CH.ISO8859-1.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/de_CH.ISO8859-1.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/de_CH.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link de_DE.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_CH.ISO8859-1.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_CH.ISO8859-15.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/de_CH.ISO8859-15.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/de_CH.ISO8859-15.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link de_DE.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_CH.ISO8859-15.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_CH.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/de_CH.UTF-8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/de_CH.UTF-8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link de_DE.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_CH.UTF-8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_CH.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/de_CH.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/de_CH.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link de_CH.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_CH.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_DE.ISO8859-15.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/de_DE.ISO8859-15.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/de_DE.ISO8859-15.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link de_DE.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_DE.ISO8859-15.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_DE.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/de_DE.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/de_DE.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link de_DE.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/de_DE.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.ISO8859-1.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.ISO8859-1.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.ISO8859-1.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.ISO8859-15.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.ISO8859-15.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.ISO8859-15.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.ISO8859-15.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.US-ASCII.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.US-ASCII.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.US-ASCII.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.US-ASCII.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.UTF-8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.UTF-8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.UTF-8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_AU.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_AU.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.ISO8859-1.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.ISO8859-1.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.ISO8859-1.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.ISO8859-15.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.ISO8859-15.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.ISO8859-15.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.ISO8859-15.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.US-ASCII.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.US-ASCII.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.US-ASCII.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.US-ASCII.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.UTF-8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.UTF-8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.UTF-8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_CA.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_CA.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.ISO8859-1.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.ISO8859-1.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.ISO8859-1.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.ISO8859-15.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.ISO8859-15.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.ISO8859-15.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.ISO8859-15.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.US-ASCII.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.US-ASCII.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.US-ASCII.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.US-ASCII.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.UTF-8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.UTF-8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.UTF-8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_GB.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_GB.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.ISO8859-1.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.ISO8859-1.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.ISO8859-1.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.ISO8859-15.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.ISO8859-15.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.ISO8859-15.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.ISO8859-15.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.US_ASCII.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.US_ASCII.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.US_ASCII.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.US_ASCII.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.UTF-8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.UTF-8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.UTF-8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_IE.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_IE.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.ISO8859-1.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.ISO8859-1.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.ISO8859-1.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.ISO8859-15.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.ISO8859-15.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.ISO8859-15.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.ISO8859-15.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.US-ASCII.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.US-ASCII.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.US-ASCII.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.US-ASCII.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.UTF-8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.UTF-8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.UTF-8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_NZ.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_NZ.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.ISO8859-1.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.ISO8859-1.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.ISO8859-1.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.ISO8859-15.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.ISO8859-15.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.ISO8859-15.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.ISO8859-15.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.US-ASCII.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.US-ASCII.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.US-ASCII.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.US-ASCII.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.US_ASCII.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.US_ASCII.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.US_ASCII.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.US_ASCII.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link en_US.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/en_US.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/es_ES.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/es_ES.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/es_ES.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link es_ES.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/es_ES.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_BE.ISO8859-1.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_BE.ISO8859-1.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_BE.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link fr_FR.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_BE.ISO8859-1.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_BE.ISO8859-15.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_BE.ISO8859-15.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_BE.ISO8859-15.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link fr_FR.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_BE.ISO8859-15.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_BE.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_BE.UTF-8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_BE.UTF-8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link fr_FR.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_BE.UTF-8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_BE.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_BE.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_BE.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link fr_BE.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_BE.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CA.ISO8859-1.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CA.ISO8859-1.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CA.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link fr_FR.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CA.ISO8859-1.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CA.ISO8859-15.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CA.ISO8859-15.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CA.ISO8859-15.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link fr_FR.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CA.ISO8859-15.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CA.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CA.UTF-8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CA.UTF-8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link fr_FR.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CA.UTF-8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CA.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CA.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CA.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link fr_CA.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CA.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CH.ISO8859-1.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CH.ISO8859-1.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CH.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link fr_FR.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CH.ISO8859-1.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CH.ISO8859-15.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CH.ISO8859-15.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CH.ISO8859-15.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link fr_FR.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CH.ISO8859-15.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CH.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CH.UTF-8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CH.UTF-8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link fr_FR.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CH.UTF-8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CH.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CH.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CH.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link fr_CH.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_CH.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_FR.ISO8859-15.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_FR.ISO8859-15.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_FR.ISO8859-15.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link fr_FR.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_FR.ISO8859-15.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_FR.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_FR.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_FR.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link fr_FR.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/fr_FR.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/ja_JP.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/ja_JP.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/ja_JP.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link ja_JP.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/ja_JP.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_BE.ISO8859-1.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_BE.ISO8859-1.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_BE.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link nl_NL.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_BE.ISO8859-1.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_BE.ISO8859-15.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_BE.ISO8859-15.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_BE.ISO8859-15.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link nl_BE.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_BE.ISO8859-15.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_NL.ISO8859-15.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_NL.ISO8859-15.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_NL.ISO8859-15.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link nl_NL.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_NL.ISO8859-15.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_NL.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_NL.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_NL.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link nl_NL.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/nl_NL.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/pl_PL.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/pl_PL.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/pl_PL.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link pl_PL.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/pl_PL.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_BR.ISO8859-1.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_BR.ISO8859-1.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_BR.ISO8859-1.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link pt_PT.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_BR.ISO8859-1.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_BR.ISO8859-15.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_BR.ISO8859-15.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_BR.ISO8859-15.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link pt_PT.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_BR.ISO8859-15.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_BR.UTF-8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_BR.UTF-8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_BR.UTF-8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link pt_PT.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_BR.UTF-8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_BR.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_BR.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_BR.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link pt_PT.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_BR.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_PT.ISO8859-15.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_PT.ISO8859-15.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_PT.ISO8859-15.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link pt_PT.ISO8859-1.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_PT.ISO8859-15.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_PT.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_PT.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_PT.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link pt_PT.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/pt_PT.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/ru_RU.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/ru_RU.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/ru_RU.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link ru_RU.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/ru_RU.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/locales/zh_CN.utf8.msg
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/locales/zh_CN.utf8.msg (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/locales/zh_CN.utf8.msg (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link zh_CN.UTF-8.msg
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/locales/zh_CN.utf8.msg
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/manpage.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/manpage.sh (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/manpage.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+usage() {
+ printf "usage: %s manpage\n" "$0" 1>&2
+ exit 1
+}
+
+gen_manpage() {
+
+ _gen_manpage_args="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _gen_manpage_status="$ALL"
+ _gen_manpage_out="$manualsdir/$manpage/$_gen_manpage_args.1"
+ _gen_manpage_md="$manualsdir/$manpage/$_gen_manpage_args.1.md"
+ _gen_manpage_temp="$manualsdir/temp.1.md"
+ _gen_manpage_ifs="$IFS"
+
+ rm -rf "$_gen_manpage_out" "$_gen_manpage_md"
+
+ while IFS= read -r line; do
+
+ if [ "$line" = "{{ end }}" ]; then
+
+ if [ "$_gen_manpage_status" -eq "$ALL" ]; then
+ err_exit "{{ end }} tag without corresponding start tag" 2
+ fi
+
+ _gen_manpage_status="$ALL"
+
+ elif [ "${line#\{\{* $_gen_manpage_args *\}\}}" != "$line" ]; then
+
+ if [ "$_gen_manpage_status" -ne "$ALL" ]; then
+ err_exit "start tag nested in start tag" 3
+ fi
+
+ _gen_manpage_status="$NOSKIP"
+
+ elif [ "${line#\{\{*\}\}}" != "$line" ]; then
+
+ if [ "$_gen_manpage_status" -ne "$ALL" ]; then
+ err_exit "start tag nested in start tag" 3
+ fi
+
+ _gen_manpage_status="$SKIP"
+
+ else
+ if [ "$_gen_manpage_status" -ne "$SKIP" ]; then
+ printf '%s\n' "$line" >> "$_gen_manpage_temp"
+ fi
+ fi
+
+ done < "$manualsdir/${manpage}.1.md.in"
+
+ uniq "$_gen_manpage_temp" "$_gen_manpage_md"
+ rm -rf "$_gen_manpage_temp"
+
+ IFS="$_gen_manpage_ifs"
+
+ cat "$manualsdir/header.txt" > "$_gen_manpage_out"
+ cat "$manualsdir/header_${manpage}.txt" >> "$_gen_manpage_out"
+
+ pandoc -f markdown -t man "$_gen_manpage_md" >> "$_gen_manpage_out"
+}
+
+set -e
+
+script="$0"
+scriptdir=$(dirname "$script")
+manualsdir="$scriptdir/manuals"
+
+. "$scriptdir/functions.sh"
+
+ARGS="A E H N P EH EN EP HN HP NP EHN EHP ENP HNP EHNP"
+ALL=0
+NOSKIP=1
+SKIP=2
+
+test "$#" -eq 1 || usage
+
+manpage="$1"
+shift
+
+for a in $ARGS; do
+ gen_manpage "$a"
+done
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/manpage.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/release.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/release.sh (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/release.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,535 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+#
+# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+#
+
+usage() {
+ printf 'usage: %s [run_tests] [generate_tests] [test_with_clang] [test_with_gcc] \n' "$script"
+ printf ' [run_sanitizers] [run_valgrind] [run_64_bit] [run_gen_script]\n'
+ exit 1
+}
+
+header() {
+
+ _header_msg="$1"
+ shift
+
+ printf '\n'
+ printf '*******************\n'
+ printf "$_header_msg"
+ printf '\n'
+ printf '*******************\n'
+ printf '\n'
+}
+
+do_make() {
+ make -j4 "$@"
+}
+
+configure() {
+
+ _configure_CFLAGS="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _configure_CC="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _configure_configure_flags="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _configure_GEN_HOST="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _configure_LONG_BIT="$1"
+ shift
+
+ if [ "$gen_tests" -eq 0 ]; then
+ _configure_configure_flags="-G $_configure_configure_flags"
+ fi
+
+ if [ "$_configure_CC" = "clang" ]; then
+ _configure_CFLAGS="$clang_flags $_configure_CFLAGS"
+ elif [ "$_configure_CC" = "gcc" ]; then
+ _configure_CFLAGS="$gcc_flags $_configure_CFLAGS"
+ fi
+
+ _configure_header=$(printf 'Running ./configure.sh %s ...' "$_configure_configure_flags")
+ _configure_header=$(printf "$_configure_header\n CC=\"%s\"\n" "$_configure_CC")
+ _configure_header=$(printf "$_configure_header\n CFLAGS=\"%s\"\n" "$_configure_CFLAGS")
+ _configure_header=$(printf "$_configure_header\n LONG_BIT=%s" "$_configure_LONG_BIT")
+ _configure_header=$(printf "$_configure_header\n GEN_HOST=%s" "$_configure_GEN_HOST")
+
+ header "$_configure_header"
+ CFLAGS="$_configure_CFLAGS" CC="$_configure_CC" GEN_HOST="$_configure_GEN_HOST" \
+ LONG_BIT="$_configure_LONG_BIT" ./configure.sh $_configure_configure_flags > /dev/null
+}
+
+build() {
+
+ _build_CFLAGS="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _build_CC="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _build_configure_flags="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _build_GEN_HOST="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _build_LONG_BIT="$1"
+ shift
+
+ configure "$_build_CFLAGS" "$_build_CC" "$_build_configure_flags" "$_build_GEN_HOST" "$_build_LONG_BIT"
+
+ _build_header=$(printf 'Building...\n CC=%s' "$_build_CC")
+ _build_header=$(printf "$_build_header\n CFLAGS=\"%s\"" "$_build_CFLAGS")
+ _build_header=$(printf "$_build_header\n LONG_BIT=%s" "$_build_LONG_BIT")
+ _build_header=$(printf "$_build_header\n GEN_HOST=%s" "$_build_GEN_HOST")
+
+ header "$_build_header"
+
+ do_make > /dev/null 2> "$scriptdir/.test.txt"
+
+ if [ -s "$scriptdir/.test.txt" ]; then
+ printf '%s generated warning(s):\n' "$_build_CC"
+ printf '\n'
+ cat "$scriptdir/.test.txt"
+ exit 1
+ fi
+}
+
+runtest() {
+
+ header "Running tests"
+
+ if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ do_make "$@"
+ else
+ do_make test
+ fi
+}
+
+runconfigtests() {
+
+ _runconfigtests_CFLAGS="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _runconfigtests_CC="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _runconfigtests_configure_flags="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _runconfigtests_GEN_HOST="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _runconfigtests_LONG_BIT="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _runconfigtests_run_tests="$1"
+ shift
+
+ if [ "$_runconfigtests_run_tests" -ne 0 ]; then
+ _runconfigtests_header=$(printf 'Running tests with configure flags')
+ else
+ _runconfigtests_header=$(printf 'Building with configure flags')
+ fi
+
+ _runconfigtests_header=$(printf "$_runconfigtests_header \"%s\" ...\n" "$_runconfigtests_configure_flags")
+ _runconfigtests_header=$(printf "$_runconfigtests_header\n CC=%s\n" "$_runconfigseries_CC")
+ _runconfigtests_header=$(printf "$_runconfigtests_header\n CFLAGS=\"%s\"" "$_runconfigseries_CFLAGS")
+ _runconfigtests_header=$(printf "$_runconfigtests_header\n LONG_BIT=%s" "$_runconfigtests_LONG_BIT")
+ _runconfigtests_header=$(printf "$_runconfigtests_header\n GEN_HOST=%s" "$_runconfigtests_GEN_HOST")
+
+ header "$_runconfigtests_header"
+
+ build "$_runconfigtests_CFLAGS" "$_runconfigtests_CC" \
+ "$_runconfigtests_configure_flags" "$_runconfigtests_GEN_HOST" \
+ "$_runconfigtests_LONG_BIT"
+
+ if [ "$_runconfigtests_run_tests" -ne 0 ]; then
+ runtest
+ fi
+
+ do_make clean
+
+ build "$_runconfigtests_CFLAGS" "$_runconfigtests_CC" \
+ "$_runconfigtests_configure_flags -b" "$_runconfigtests_GEN_HOST" \
+ "$_runconfigtests_LONG_BIT"
+
+ if [ "$_runconfigtests_run_tests" -ne 0 ]; then
+ runtest
+ fi
+
+ do_make clean
+
+ build "$_runconfigtests_CFLAGS" "$_runconfigtests_CC" \
+ "$_runconfigtests_configure_flags -d" "$_runconfigtests_GEN_HOST" \
+ "$_runconfigtests_LONG_BIT"
+
+ if [ "$_runconfigtests_run_tests" -ne 0 ]; then
+ runtest
+ fi
+
+ do_make clean
+}
+
+runconfigseries() {
+
+ _runconfigseries_CFLAGS="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _runconfigseries_CC="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _runconfigseries_configure_flags="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _runconfigseries_run_tests="$1"
+ shift
+
+ if [ "$run_64_bit" -ne 0 ]; then
+
+ runconfigtests "$_runconfigseries_CFLAGS" "$_runconfigseries_CC" \
+ "$_runconfigseries_configure_flags" 1 64 "$_runconfigseries_run_tests"
+
+ if [ "$run_gen_script" -ne 0 ]; then
+ runconfigtests "$_runconfigseries_CFLAGS" "$_runconfigseries_CC" \
+ "$_runconfigseries_configure_flags" 0 64 "$_runconfigseries_run_tests"
+ fi
+
+ runconfigtests "$_runconfigseries_CFLAGS -DBC_RAND_BUILTIN=0" "$_runconfigseries_CC" \
+ "$_runconfigseries_configure_flags" 1 64 "$_runconfigseries_run_tests"
+
+ fi
+
+ runconfigtests "$_runconfigseries_CFLAGS" "$_runconfigseries_CC" \
+ "$_runconfigseries_configure_flags" 1 32 "$_runconfigseries_run_tests"
+
+ if [ "$run_gen_script" -ne 0 ]; then
+ runconfigtests "$_runconfigseries_CFLAGS" "$_runconfigseries_CC" \
+ "$_runconfigseries_configure_flags" 0 32 "$_runconfigseries_run_tests"
+ fi
+}
+
+runtestseries() {
+
+ _runtestseries_CFLAGS="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _runtestseries_CC="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _runtestseries_configure_flags="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _runtestseries_run_tests="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _runtestseries_flags="E H N P EH EN EP HN HP NP EHN EHP ENP HNP EHNP"
+
+ runconfigseries "$_runtestseries_CFLAGS" "$_runtestseries_CC" \
+ "$_runtestseries_configure_flags" "$_runtestseries_run_tests"
+
+ for f in $_runtestseries_flags; do
+ runconfigseries "$_runtestseries_CFLAGS" "$_runtestseries_CC" \
+ "$_runtestseries_configure_flags -$f" "$_runtestseries_run_tests"
+ done
+}
+
+runtests() {
+
+ _runtests_CFLAGS="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _runtests_CC="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _runtests_configure_flags="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _runtests_run_tests="$1"
+ shift
+
+ runtestseries "-std=c99 $_runtests_CFLAGS" "$_runtests_CC" "$_runtests_configure_flags" "$_runtests_run_tests"
+ runtestseries "-std=c11 $_runtests_CFLAGS" "$_runtests_CC" "$_runtests_configure_flags" "$_runtests_run_tests"
+}
+
+karatsuba() {
+
+ header "Running Karatsuba tests"
+ do_make karatsuba_test
+}
+
+vg() {
+
+ header "Running valgrind"
+
+ if [ "$run_64_bit" -ne 0 ]; then
+ _vg_bits=64
+ else
+ _vg_bits=32
+ fi
+
+ build "$debug" "gcc" "-O0 -g" "1" "$_vg_bits"
+ runtest valgrind
+
+ do_make clean_config
+
+ build "$debug" "gcc" "-O0 -gb" "1" "$_vg_bits"
+ runtest valgrind
+
+ do_make clean_config
+
+ build "$debug" "gcc" "-O0 -gd" "1" "$_vg_bits"
+ runtest valgrind
+
+ do_make clean_config
+}
+
+debug() {
+
+ _debug_CC="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _debug_run_tests="$1"
+ shift
+
+ runtests "$debug" "$_debug_CC" "-g" "$_debug_run_tests"
+
+ if [ "$_debug_CC" = "clang" -a "$run_sanitizers" -ne 0 ]; then
+ runtests "$debug -fsanitize=undefined" "$_debug_CC" "-g" "$_debug_run_tests"
+ fi
+}
+
+release() {
+
+ _release_CC="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _release_run_tests="$1"
+ shift
+
+ runtests "$release" "$_release_CC" "-O3" "$_release_run_tests"
+}
+
+reldebug() {
+
+ _reldebug_CC="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _reldebug_run_tests="$1"
+ shift
+
+ runtests "$debug" "$_reldebug_CC" "-gO3" "$_reldebug_run_tests"
+
+ if [ "$_reldebug_CC" = "clang" -a "$run_sanitizers" -ne 0 ]; then
+ runtests "$debug -fsanitize=address" "$_reldebug_CC" "-gO3" "$_reldebug_run_tests"
+ runtests "$debug -fsanitize=memory" "$_reldebug_CC" "-gO3" "$_reldebug_run_tests"
+ fi
+}
+
+minsize() {
+
+ _minsize_CC="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _minsize_run_tests="$1"
+ shift
+
+ runtests "$release" "$_minsize_CC" "-Os" "$_minsize_run_tests"
+}
+
+build_set() {
+
+ _build_set_CC="$1"
+ shift
+
+ _build_set_run_tests="$1"
+ shift
+
+ debug "$_build_set_CC" "$_build_set_run_tests"
+ release "$_build_set_CC" "$_build_set_run_tests"
+ reldebug "$_build_set_CC" "$_build_set_run_tests"
+ minsize "$_build_set_CC" "$_build_set_run_tests"
+}
+
+clang_flags="-Weverything -Wno-padded -Wno-switch-enum -Wno-format-nonliteral"
+clang_flags="$clang_flags -Wno-cast-align -Wno-missing-noreturn -Wno-disabled-macro-expansion"
+clang_flags="$clang_flags -Wno-unreachable-code -Wno-unreachable-code-return"
+gcc_flags="-Wno-maybe-uninitialized -Wno-clobbered"
+
+cflags="-Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic -Wno-conditional-uninitialized"
+
+debug="$cflags -fno-omit-frame-pointer"
+release="$cflags -DNDEBUG"
+
+set -e
+
+script="$0"
+scriptdir=$(dirname "$script")
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ run_tests="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ run_tests=1
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ gen_tests="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ gen_tests=1
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ test_with_clang="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ test_with_clang=1
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ test_with_gcc="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ test_with_gcc=1
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ run_sanitizers="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ run_sanitizers=1
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ run_valgrind="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ run_valgrind=1
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ run_64_bit="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ run_64_bit=1
+fi
+
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+ run_gen_script="$1"
+ shift
+else
+ run_gen_script=0
+fi
+
+if [ "$run_64_bit" -ne 0 ]; then
+ bits=64
+else
+ bits=32
+fi
+
+cd "$scriptdir"
+
+if [ "$test_with_clang" -ne 0 ]; then
+ defcc="clang"
+elif [ "$test_with_gcc" -ne 0 ]; then
+ defcc="gcc"
+else
+ defcc="c99"
+fi
+
+export ASAN_OPTIONS="abort_on_error=1"
+export UBSAN_OPTIONS="print_stack_trace=1,silence_unsigned_overflow=1"
+
+build "$debug" "$defcc" "-g" "1" "$bits"
+
+header "Running math library under --standard"
+
+printf 'quit\n' | bin/bc -ls
+
+version=$(make version)
+
+do_make clean_tests
+
+if [ "$test_with_clang" -ne 0 ]; then
+ build_set "clang" "$run_tests"
+fi
+
+if [ "$test_with_gcc" -ne 0 ]; then
+ build_set "gcc" "$run_tests"
+fi
+
+if [ "$run_tests" -ne 0 ]; then
+
+ build "$release" "$defcc" "-O3" "1" "$bits"
+
+ karatsuba
+
+ if [ "$run_valgrind" -ne 0 -a "$test_with_gcc" -ne 0 ]; then
+ vg
+ fi
+
+ printf '\n'
+ printf 'Tests successful.\n'
+
+ set +e
+
+ command -v afl-gcc > /dev/null 2>&1
+ err="$?"
+
+ set -e
+
+ if [ "$err" -eq 0 ]; then
+
+ header "Configuring for afl-gcc..."
+
+ configure "$debug $gcc_flags -DBC_ENABLE_RAND=0" "afl-gcc" "-HNP -gO3" "1" "$bits"
+
+ printf '\n'
+ printf 'Run make\n'
+ printf '\n'
+ printf 'Then run %s/tests/randmath.py and the fuzzer.\n' "$scriptdir"
+ printf '\n'
+ printf 'Then run ASan on the fuzzer test cases with the following build:\n'
+ printf '\n'
+ printf ' CFLAGS="-fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer -DBC_ENABLE_RAND=0" ./configure.sh -gO3 -HNPS\n'
+ printf ' make\n'
+ printf '\n'
+ printf 'Then run the GitHub release script as follows:\n'
+ printf '\n'
+ printf ' <github_release> %s .travis.yml codecov.yml release.sh \\\n' "$version"
+ printf ' RELEASE.md tests/afl.py tests/radamsa.sh tests/radamsa.txt tests/randmath.py \\\n'
+ printf ' tests/bc/scripts/timeconst.bc\n'
+
+ fi
+
+fi
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/release.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/args.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/args.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/args.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,215 +1,215 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Code for processing command-line arguments.
*
*/
#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <vector.h>
#include <read.h>
#include <vm.h>
#include <args.h>
#include <opt.h>
static const BcOptLong bc_args_lopt[] = {
{ "expression", BC_OPT_REQUIRED, 'e' },
{ "file", BC_OPT_REQUIRED, 'f' },
{ "help", BC_OPT_NONE, 'h' },
{ "interactive", BC_OPT_NONE, 'i' },
{ "no-prompt", BC_OPT_NONE, 'P' },
#if BC_ENABLED
{ "global-stacks", BC_OPT_BC_ONLY, 'g' },
{ "mathlib", BC_OPT_BC_ONLY, 'l' },
{ "quiet", BC_OPT_BC_ONLY, 'q' },
{ "standard", BC_OPT_BC_ONLY, 's' },
{ "warn", BC_OPT_BC_ONLY, 'w' },
#endif // BC_ENABLED
{ "version", BC_OPT_NONE, 'v' },
{ "version", BC_OPT_NONE, 'V' },
#if DC_ENABLED
{ "extended-register", BC_OPT_DC_ONLY, 'x' },
#endif // DC_ENABLED
{ NULL, 0, 0 },
};
static void bc_args_exprs(const char *str) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
if (vm.exprs.v == NULL) bc_vec_init(&vm.exprs, sizeof(uchar), NULL);
bc_vec_concat(&vm.exprs, str);
bc_vec_concat(&vm.exprs, "\n");
}
static void bc_args_file(const char *file) {
char *buf;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
vm.file = file;
bc_read_file(file, &buf);
bc_args_exprs(buf);
free(buf);
}
void bc_args(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int c;
size_t i;
bool do_exit = false, version = false;
BcOpt opts;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
bc_opt_init(&opts, argv);
while ((c = bc_opt_parse(&opts, bc_args_lopt)) != -1) {
switch (c) {
case 'e':
{
bc_args_exprs(opts.optarg);
break;
}
case 'f':
{
bc_args_file(opts.optarg);
break;
}
case 'h':
{
bc_vm_info(vm.help);
do_exit = true;
break;
}
case 'i':
{
vm.flags |= BC_FLAG_I;
break;
}
case 'P':
{
vm.flags |= BC_FLAG_P;
break;
}
#if BC_ENABLED
case 'g':
{
assert(BC_IS_BC);
vm.flags |= BC_FLAG_G;
break;
}
case 'l':
{
assert(BC_IS_BC);
vm.flags |= BC_FLAG_L;
break;
}
case 'q':
{
assert(BC_IS_BC);
vm.flags |= BC_FLAG_Q;
break;
}
case 's':
{
assert(BC_IS_BC);
vm.flags |= BC_FLAG_S;
break;
}
case 'w':
{
assert(BC_IS_BC);
vm.flags |= BC_FLAG_W;
break;
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
case 'V':
case 'v':
{
do_exit = version = true;
break;
}
#if DC_ENABLED
case 'x':
{
- assert(!BC_IS_BC);
+ assert(BC_IS_DC);
vm.flags |= DC_FLAG_X;
break;
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
#ifndef NDEBUG
// We shouldn't get here because bc_opt_error()/bc_vm_error() should
// longjmp() out.
case '?':
case ':':
default:
{
abort();
}
#endif // NDEBUG
}
}
if (version) bc_vm_info(NULL);
if (do_exit) exit((int) vm.status);
- if (vm.exprs.len > 1 || !BC_IS_BC) vm.flags |= BC_FLAG_Q;
+ if (vm.exprs.len > 1 || BC_IS_DC) vm.flags |= BC_FLAG_Q;
if (opts.optind < (size_t) argc)
bc_vec_init(&vm.files, sizeof(char*), NULL);
for (i = opts.optind; i < (size_t) argc; ++i)
bc_vec_push(&vm.files, argv + i);
}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/args.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/bc/bc.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/bc/bc.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/bc/bc.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,57 +1,57 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
- * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
*
- * All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* The main procedure of bc.
*
*/
#if BC_ENABLED
#include <string.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <bc.h>
#include <vm.h>
void bc_main(int argc, char **argv) {
vm.read_ret = BC_INST_RET;
vm.help = bc_help;
vm.sigmsg = bc_sig_msg;
vm.siglen = bc_sig_msg_len;
vm.next = bc_lex_token;
vm.parse = bc_parse_parse;
vm.expr = bc_parse_expr;
bc_vm_boot(argc, argv, "BC_LINE_LENGTH", "BC_ENV_ARGS", "BC_EXPR_EXIT");
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/bc/bc.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/bc/lex.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/bc/lex.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/bc/lex.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,410 +1,410 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
- * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
*
- * All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* The lexer for bc.
*
*/
#if BC_ENABLED
#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <lex.h>
#include <bc.h>
#include <vm.h>
static void bc_lex_identifier(BcLex *l) {
size_t i;
const char *buf = l->buf + l->i - 1;
for (i = 0; i < bc_lex_kws_len; ++i) {
const BcLexKeyword *kw = bc_lex_kws + i;
size_t n = BC_LEX_KW_LEN(kw);
if (!strncmp(buf, kw->name, n) && !isalnum(buf[n]) && buf[n] != '_') {
l->t = BC_LEX_KW_AUTO + (BcLexType) i;
if (!BC_LEX_KW_POSIX(kw))
bc_lex_verr(l, BC_ERROR_POSIX_KW, kw->name);
// We minus 1 because the index has already been incremented.
l->i += n - 1;
return;
}
}
bc_lex_name(l);
if (BC_ERR(l->str.len - 1 > 1))
bc_lex_verr(l, BC_ERROR_POSIX_NAME_LEN, l->str.v);
}
static void bc_lex_string(BcLex *l) {
size_t len, nlines = 0, i = l->i;
const char *buf = l->buf;
char c;
l->t = BC_LEX_STR;
for (; (c = buf[i]) && c != '"'; ++i) nlines += c == '\n';
if (BC_ERR(c == '\0')) {
l->i = i;
bc_lex_err(l, BC_ERROR_PARSE_STRING);
}
len = i - l->i;
bc_vec_string(&l->str, len, l->buf + l->i);
l->i = i + 1;
l->line += nlines;
}
static void bc_lex_assign(BcLex *l, BcLexType with, BcLexType without) {
if (l->buf[l->i] == '=') {
l->i += 1;
l->t = with;
}
else l->t = without;
}
void bc_lex_token(BcLex *l) {
char c = l->buf[l->i++], c2;
// This is the workhorse of the lexer.
switch (c) {
case '\0':
case '\n':
case '\t':
case '\v':
case '\f':
case '\r':
case ' ':
{
bc_lex_commonTokens(l, c);
break;
}
case '!':
{
bc_lex_assign(l, BC_LEX_OP_REL_NE, BC_LEX_OP_BOOL_NOT);
if (l->t == BC_LEX_OP_BOOL_NOT)
bc_lex_verr(l, BC_ERROR_POSIX_BOOL, "!");
break;
}
case '"':
{
bc_lex_string(l);
break;
}
case '#':
{
bc_lex_err(l, BC_ERROR_POSIX_COMMENT);
bc_lex_lineComment(l);
break;
}
case '%':
{
bc_lex_assign(l, BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_MODULUS, BC_LEX_OP_MODULUS);
break;
}
case '&':
{
c2 = l->buf[l->i];
if (BC_NO_ERR(c2 == '&')) {
bc_lex_verr(l, BC_ERROR_POSIX_BOOL, "&&");
l->i += 1;
l->t = BC_LEX_OP_BOOL_AND;
}
else bc_lex_invalidChar(l, c);
break;
}
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
case '$':
{
l->t = BC_LEX_OP_TRUNC;
break;
}
case '@':
{
bc_lex_assign(l, BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_PLACES, BC_LEX_OP_PLACES);
break;
}
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
case '(':
case ')':
{
l->t = (BcLexType) (c - '(' + BC_LEX_LPAREN);
break;
}
case '*':
{
bc_lex_assign(l, BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_MULTIPLY, BC_LEX_OP_MULTIPLY);
break;
}
case '+':
{
c2 = l->buf[l->i];
if (c2 == '+') {
l->i += 1;
l->t = BC_LEX_OP_INC;
}
else bc_lex_assign(l, BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_PLUS, BC_LEX_OP_PLUS);
break;
}
case ',':
{
l->t = BC_LEX_COMMA;
break;
}
case '-':
{
c2 = l->buf[l->i];
if (c2 == '-') {
l->i += 1;
l->t = BC_LEX_OP_DEC;
}
else bc_lex_assign(l, BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_MINUS, BC_LEX_OP_MINUS);
break;
}
case '.':
{
c2 = l->buf[l->i];
if (BC_LEX_NUM_CHAR(c2, true, false)) bc_lex_number(l, c);
else {
l->t = BC_LEX_KW_LAST;
bc_lex_err(l, BC_ERROR_POSIX_DOT);
}
break;
}
case '/':
{
c2 = l->buf[l->i];
if (c2 =='*') bc_lex_comment(l);
else bc_lex_assign(l, BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_DIVIDE, BC_LEX_OP_DIVIDE);
break;
}
case '0':
case '1':
case '2':
case '3':
case '4':
case '5':
case '6':
case '7':
case '8':
case '9':
case 'A':
case 'B':
case 'C':
case 'D':
case 'E':
case 'F':
// Apparently, GNU bc (and maybe others) allows any uppercase letter as
// a number. When single digits, they act like the ones above. When
// multi-digit, any letter above the input base is automatically set to
// the biggest allowable digit in the input base.
case 'G':
case 'H':
case 'I':
case 'J':
case 'K':
case 'L':
case 'M':
case 'N':
case 'O':
case 'P':
case 'Q':
case 'R':
case 'S':
case 'T':
case 'U':
case 'V':
case 'W':
case 'X':
case 'Y':
case 'Z':
{
bc_lex_number(l, c);
break;
}
case ';':
{
l->t = BC_LEX_SCOLON;
break;
}
case '<':
{
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
c2 = l->buf[l->i];
if (c2 == '<') {
l->i += 1;
bc_lex_assign(l, BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_LSHIFT, BC_LEX_OP_LSHIFT);
break;
}
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
bc_lex_assign(l, BC_LEX_OP_REL_LE, BC_LEX_OP_REL_LT);
break;
}
case '=':
{
bc_lex_assign(l, BC_LEX_OP_REL_EQ, BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN);
break;
}
case '>':
{
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
c2 = l->buf[l->i];
if (c2 == '>') {
l->i += 1;
bc_lex_assign(l, BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_RSHIFT, BC_LEX_OP_RSHIFT);
break;
}
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
bc_lex_assign(l, BC_LEX_OP_REL_GE, BC_LEX_OP_REL_GT);
break;
}
case '[':
case ']':
{
l->t = (BcLexType) (c - '[' + BC_LEX_LBRACKET);
break;
}
case '\\':
{
if (BC_NO_ERR(l->buf[l->i] == '\n')) {
l->i += 1;
l->t = BC_LEX_WHITESPACE;
}
else bc_lex_invalidChar(l, c);
break;
}
case '^':
{
bc_lex_assign(l, BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_POWER, BC_LEX_OP_POWER);
break;
}
case 'a':
case 'b':
case 'c':
case 'd':
case 'e':
case 'f':
case 'g':
case 'h':
case 'i':
case 'j':
case 'k':
case 'l':
case 'm':
case 'n':
case 'o':
case 'p':
case 'q':
case 'r':
case 's':
case 't':
case 'u':
case 'v':
case 'w':
case 'x':
case 'y':
case 'z':
{
bc_lex_identifier(l);
break;
}
case '{':
case '}':
{
l->t = (BcLexType) (c - '{' + BC_LEX_LBRACE);
break;
}
case '|':
{
c2 = l->buf[l->i];
if (BC_NO_ERR(c2 == '|')) {
bc_lex_verr(l, BC_ERROR_POSIX_BOOL, "||");
l->i += 1;
l->t = BC_LEX_OP_BOOL_OR;
}
else bc_lex_invalidChar(l, c);
break;
}
default:
{
bc_lex_invalidChar(l, c);
}
}
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/bc/lex.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/bc/parse.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/bc/parse.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/bc/parse.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,1526 +1,1532 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* The parser for bc.
*
*/
#if BC_ENABLED
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <lex.h>
#include <parse.h>
#include <bc.h>
#include <num.h>
#include <vm.h>
static void bc_parse_else(BcParse *p);
static void bc_parse_stmt(BcParse *p);
static BcParseStatus bc_parse_expr_err(BcParse *p, uint8_t flags,
BcParseNext next);
static bool bc_parse_inst_isLeaf(BcInst t) {
return (t >= BC_INST_NUM && t <= BC_INST_MAXSCALE) ||
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
t == BC_INST_TRUNC ||
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
t <= BC_INST_DEC;
}
static bool bc_parse_isDelimiter(const BcParse *p) {
BcLexType t = p->l.t;
bool good = false;
if (BC_PARSE_DELIMITER(t)) return true;
if (t == BC_LEX_KW_ELSE) {
size_t i;
uint16_t *fptr = NULL, flags = BC_PARSE_FLAG_ELSE;
for (i = 0; i < p->flags.len && BC_PARSE_BLOCK_STMT(flags); ++i) {
fptr = bc_vec_item_rev(&p->flags, i);
flags = *fptr;
if ((flags & BC_PARSE_FLAG_BRACE) && p->l.last != BC_LEX_RBRACE)
return false;
}
good = ((flags & BC_PARSE_FLAG_IF) != 0);
}
else if (t == BC_LEX_RBRACE) {
size_t i;
for (i = 0; !good && i < p->flags.len; ++i) {
uint16_t *fptr = bc_vec_item_rev(&p->flags, i);
good = (((*fptr) & BC_PARSE_FLAG_BRACE) != 0);
}
}
return good;
}
static void bc_parse_setLabel(BcParse *p) {
BcFunc *func = p->func;
BcInstPtr *ip = bc_vec_top(&p->exits);
size_t *label;
assert(func == bc_vec_item(&p->prog->fns, p->fidx));
label = bc_vec_item(&func->labels, ip->idx);
*label = func->code.len;
bc_vec_pop(&p->exits);
}
static void bc_parse_createLabel(BcParse *p, size_t idx) {
bc_vec_push(&p->func->labels, &idx);
}
static void bc_parse_createCondLabel(BcParse *p, size_t idx) {
bc_parse_createLabel(p, p->func->code.len);
bc_vec_push(&p->conds, &idx);
}
static void bc_parse_createExitLabel(BcParse *p, size_t idx, bool loop) {
BcInstPtr ip;
assert(p->func == bc_vec_item(&p->prog->fns, p->fidx));
ip.func = loop;
ip.idx = idx;
ip.len = 0;
bc_vec_push(&p->exits, &ip);
bc_parse_createLabel(p, SIZE_MAX);
}
static void bc_parse_operator(BcParse *p, BcLexType type,
size_t start, size_t *nexprs)
{
BcLexType t;
uchar l, r = BC_PARSE_OP_PREC(type);
uchar left = BC_PARSE_OP_LEFT(type);
while (p->ops.len > start) {
t = BC_PARSE_TOP_OP(p);
if (t == BC_LEX_LPAREN) break;
l = BC_PARSE_OP_PREC(t);
if (l >= r && (l != r || !left)) break;
bc_parse_push(p, BC_PARSE_TOKEN_INST(t));
bc_vec_pop(&p->ops);
*nexprs -= !BC_PARSE_OP_PREFIX(t);
}
bc_vec_push(&p->ops, &type);
}
static void bc_parse_rightParen(BcParse *p, size_t *nexs) {
BcLexType top;
while ((top = BC_PARSE_TOP_OP(p)) != BC_LEX_LPAREN) {
bc_parse_push(p, BC_PARSE_TOKEN_INST(top));
bc_vec_pop(&p->ops);
*nexs -= !BC_PARSE_OP_PREFIX(top);
}
bc_vec_pop(&p->ops);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
static void bc_parse_params(BcParse *p, uint8_t flags) {
bool comma = false;
size_t nparams;
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
for (nparams = 0; p->l.t != BC_LEX_RPAREN; ++nparams) {
flags &= ~(BC_PARSE_PRINT | BC_PARSE_REL);
flags |= (BC_PARSE_ARRAY | BC_PARSE_NEEDVAL);
bc_parse_expr_status(p, flags, bc_parse_next_param);
comma = (p->l.t == BC_LEX_COMMA);
if (comma) bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
if (BC_ERR(comma)) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_CALL);
bc_parse_pushIndex(p, nparams);
}
static void bc_parse_call(BcParse *p, const char *name, uint8_t flags) {
size_t idx;
bc_parse_params(p, flags);
// We just assert this because bc_parse_params() should
// ensure that the next token is what it should be.
assert(p->l.t == BC_LEX_RPAREN);
// We cannot use bc_program_insertFunc() here
// because it will overwrite an existing function.
idx = bc_map_index(&p->prog->fn_map, name);
if (idx == BC_VEC_INVALID_IDX) {
BC_SIG_LOCK;
idx = bc_program_insertFunc(p->prog, name);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
assert(idx != BC_VEC_INVALID_IDX);
// Make sure that this pointer was not invalidated.
p->func = bc_vec_item(&p->prog->fns, p->fidx);
}
else idx = ((BcId*) bc_vec_item(&p->prog->fn_map, idx))->idx;
bc_parse_pushIndex(p, idx);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
static void bc_parse_name(BcParse *p, BcInst *type,
bool *can_assign, uint8_t flags)
{
char *name;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
name = bc_vm_strdup(p->l.str.v);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (p->l.t == BC_LEX_LBRACKET) {
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (p->l.t == BC_LEX_RBRACKET) {
if (BC_ERR(!(flags & BC_PARSE_ARRAY)))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_EXPR);
*type = BC_INST_ARRAY;
*can_assign = false;
}
else {
uint8_t flags2 = (flags & ~(BC_PARSE_PRINT | BC_PARSE_REL)) |
BC_PARSE_NEEDVAL;
bc_parse_expr_status(p, flags2, bc_parse_next_elem);
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t != BC_LEX_RBRACKET))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
*type = BC_INST_ARRAY_ELEM;
*can_assign = true;
}
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
bc_parse_push(p, *type);
bc_parse_pushName(p, name, false);
}
else if (p->l.t == BC_LEX_LPAREN) {
if (BC_ERR(flags & BC_PARSE_NOCALL))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
*type = BC_INST_CALL;
*can_assign = false;
bc_parse_call(p, name, flags);
}
else {
*type = BC_INST_VAR;
*can_assign = true;
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_VAR);
bc_parse_pushName(p, name, true);
}
err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
free(name);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
static void bc_parse_noArgBuiltin(BcParse *p, BcInst inst) {
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t != BC_LEX_LPAREN)) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if ((p->l.t != BC_LEX_RPAREN)) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
bc_parse_push(p, inst);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
static void bc_parse_builtin(BcParse *p, BcLexType type,
uint8_t flags, BcInst *prev)
{
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t != BC_LEX_LPAREN))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
flags &= ~(BC_PARSE_PRINT | BC_PARSE_REL);
flags |= BC_PARSE_NEEDVAL;
if (type == BC_LEX_KW_LENGTH) flags |= BC_PARSE_ARRAY;
bc_parse_expr_status(p, flags, bc_parse_next_rel);
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t != BC_LEX_RPAREN))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
*prev = type - BC_LEX_KW_LENGTH + BC_INST_LENGTH;
bc_parse_push(p, *prev);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
static void bc_parse_scale(BcParse *p, BcInst *type,
bool *can_assign, uint8_t flags)
{
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (p->l.t != BC_LEX_LPAREN) {
*type = BC_INST_SCALE;
*can_assign = true;
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_SCALE);
return;
}
*type = BC_INST_SCALE_FUNC;
*can_assign = false;
flags &= ~(BC_PARSE_PRINT | BC_PARSE_REL);
flags |= BC_PARSE_NEEDVAL;
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
bc_parse_expr_status(p, flags, bc_parse_next_rel);
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t != BC_LEX_RPAREN))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_SCALE_FUNC);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
static void bc_parse_incdec(BcParse *p, BcInst *prev, bool *can_assign,
size_t *nexs, uint8_t flags)
{
BcLexType type;
uchar inst;
BcInst etype = *prev;
BcLexType last = p->l.last;
assert(prev != NULL && can_assign != NULL);
if (BC_ERR(last == BC_LEX_OP_INC || last == BC_LEX_OP_DEC ||
last == BC_LEX_RPAREN))
{
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_ASSIGN);
}
if (BC_PARSE_INST_VAR(etype)) {
if (!*can_assign) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_ASSIGN);
*prev = inst = BC_INST_INC + (p->l.t != BC_LEX_OP_INC);
bc_parse_push(p, inst);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
*can_assign = false;
}
else {
*prev = inst = BC_INST_ASSIGN_PLUS + (p->l.t != BC_LEX_OP_INC);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
type = p->l.t;
// Because we parse the next part of the expression
// right here, we need to increment this.
*nexs = *nexs + 1;
- if (type == BC_LEX_NAME)
- bc_parse_name(p, prev, can_assign, flags | BC_PARSE_NOCALL);
+ if (type == BC_LEX_NAME) {
+ uint8_t flags2 = flags & ~BC_PARSE_ARRAY;
+ bc_parse_name(p, prev, can_assign, flags2 | BC_PARSE_NOCALL);
+ }
else if (type >= BC_LEX_KW_LAST && type <= BC_LEX_KW_OBASE) {
bc_parse_push(p, type - BC_LEX_KW_LAST + BC_INST_LAST);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
else if (BC_NO_ERR(type == BC_LEX_KW_SCALE)) {
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t == BC_LEX_LPAREN))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
else bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_SCALE);
}
else bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
*can_assign = false;
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_ONE);
bc_parse_push(p, inst);
}
}
static void bc_parse_minus(BcParse *p, BcInst *prev, size_t ops_bgn,
bool rparen, bool binlast, size_t *nexprs)
{
BcLexType type;
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
type = BC_PARSE_LEAF(*prev, binlast, rparen) ? BC_LEX_OP_MINUS : BC_LEX_NEG;
*prev = BC_PARSE_TOKEN_INST(type);
// We can just push onto the op stack because this is the largest
// precedence operator that gets pushed. Inc/dec does not.
if (type != BC_LEX_OP_MINUS) bc_vec_push(&p->ops, &type);
else bc_parse_operator(p, type, ops_bgn, nexprs);
}
static void bc_parse_str(BcParse *p, char inst) {
bc_parse_addString(p);
bc_parse_push(p, inst);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
static void bc_parse_print(BcParse *p) {
BcLexType t;
bool comma = false;
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
t = p->l.t;
if (bc_parse_isDelimiter(p)) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_PRINT);
do {
if (t == BC_LEX_STR) bc_parse_str(p, BC_INST_PRINT_POP);
else {
bc_parse_expr_status(p, BC_PARSE_NEEDVAL, bc_parse_next_print);
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_PRINT_POP);
}
comma = (p->l.t == BC_LEX_COMMA);
if (comma) bc_lex_next(&p->l);
else {
if (!bc_parse_isDelimiter(p))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
else break;
}
t = p->l.t;
} while (true);
if (BC_ERR(comma)) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
}
static void bc_parse_return(BcParse *p) {
BcLexType t;
bool paren;
uchar inst = BC_INST_RET0;
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PARSE_FUNC(p))) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
if (p->func->voidfn) inst = BC_INST_RET_VOID;
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
t = p->l.t;
paren = t == BC_LEX_LPAREN;
if (bc_parse_isDelimiter(p)) bc_parse_push(p, inst);
else {
BcParseStatus s;
s = bc_parse_expr_err(p, BC_PARSE_NEEDVAL, bc_parse_next_expr);
if (s == BC_PARSE_STATUS_EMPTY_EXPR) {
bc_parse_push(p, inst);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
if (!paren || p->l.last != BC_LEX_RPAREN) {
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_POSIX_RET);
}
else if (BC_ERR(p->func->voidfn))
bc_parse_verr(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_RET_VOID, p->func->name);
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_RET);
}
}
static void bc_parse_endBody(BcParse *p, bool brace) {
bool has_brace, new_else = false;
if (BC_ERR(p->flags.len <= 1)) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
if (brace) {
assert(p->l.t == BC_LEX_RBRACE);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (BC_ERR(!bc_parse_isDelimiter(p)))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
}
has_brace = (BC_PARSE_BRACE(p) != 0);
do {
size_t len = p->flags.len;
bool loop;
if (has_brace && !brace) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
loop = (BC_PARSE_LOOP_INNER(p) != 0);
if (loop || BC_PARSE_ELSE(p)) {
if (loop) {
size_t *label = bc_vec_top(&p->conds);
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_JUMP);
bc_parse_pushIndex(p, *label);
bc_vec_pop(&p->conds);
}
bc_parse_setLabel(p);
bc_vec_pop(&p->flags);
}
else if (BC_PARSE_FUNC_INNER(p)) {
BcInst inst = (p->func->voidfn ? BC_INST_RET_VOID : BC_INST_RET0);
bc_parse_push(p, inst);
bc_parse_updateFunc(p, BC_PROG_MAIN);
bc_vec_pop(&p->flags);
}
else if (BC_PARSE_BRACE(p) && !BC_PARSE_IF(p)) bc_vec_pop(&p->flags);
// This needs to be last to parse nested if's properly.
if (BC_PARSE_IF(p) && (len == p->flags.len || !BC_PARSE_BRACE(p))) {
while (p->l.t == BC_LEX_NLINE) bc_lex_next(&p->l);
bc_vec_pop(&p->flags);
if (!BC_S) {
*(BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG_PTR(p)) |= BC_PARSE_FLAG_IF_END;
new_else = (p->l.t == BC_LEX_KW_ELSE);
if (new_else) bc_parse_else(p);
else if (!has_brace && (!BC_PARSE_IF_END(p) || brace))
bc_parse_noElse(p);
}
else bc_parse_noElse(p);
}
if (brace && has_brace) brace = false;
} while (p->flags.len > 1 && !new_else && (!BC_PARSE_IF_END(p) || brace) &&
!(has_brace = (BC_PARSE_BRACE(p) != 0)));
if (BC_ERR(p->flags.len == 1 && brace))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
else if (brace && BC_PARSE_BRACE(p)) {
uint16_t flags = BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG(p);
if (!(flags & (BC_PARSE_FLAG_FUNC_INNER | BC_PARSE_FLAG_LOOP_INNER)) &&
!(flags & (BC_PARSE_FLAG_IF | BC_PARSE_FLAG_ELSE)) &&
!(flags & (BC_PARSE_FLAG_IF_END)))
{
bc_vec_pop(&p->flags);
}
}
}
static void bc_parse_startBody(BcParse *p, uint16_t flags) {
assert(flags);
flags |= (BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG(p) & (BC_PARSE_FLAG_FUNC | BC_PARSE_FLAG_LOOP));
flags |= BC_PARSE_FLAG_BODY;
bc_vec_push(&p->flags, &flags);
}
void bc_parse_noElse(BcParse *p) {
uint16_t *flag_ptr = BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG_PTR(p);
*flag_ptr = (*flag_ptr & ~(BC_PARSE_FLAG_IF_END));
bc_parse_setLabel(p);
}
static void bc_parse_if(BcParse *p) {
size_t idx;
uint8_t flags = (BC_PARSE_REL | BC_PARSE_NEEDVAL);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t != BC_LEX_LPAREN))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
bc_parse_expr_status(p, flags, bc_parse_next_rel);
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t != BC_LEX_RPAREN))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_JUMP_ZERO);
idx = p->func->labels.len;
bc_parse_pushIndex(p, idx);
bc_parse_createExitLabel(p, idx, false);
bc_parse_startBody(p, BC_PARSE_FLAG_IF);
}
static void bc_parse_else(BcParse *p) {
size_t idx = p->func->labels.len;
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PARSE_IF_END(p)))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_JUMP);
bc_parse_pushIndex(p, idx);
bc_parse_noElse(p);
bc_parse_createExitLabel(p, idx, false);
bc_parse_startBody(p, BC_PARSE_FLAG_ELSE);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
static void bc_parse_while(BcParse *p) {
size_t idx;
uint8_t flags = (BC_PARSE_REL | BC_PARSE_NEEDVAL);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t != BC_LEX_LPAREN))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
bc_parse_createCondLabel(p, p->func->labels.len);
idx = p->func->labels.len;
bc_parse_createExitLabel(p, idx, true);
bc_parse_expr_status(p, flags, bc_parse_next_rel);
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t != BC_LEX_RPAREN))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_JUMP_ZERO);
bc_parse_pushIndex(p, idx);
bc_parse_startBody(p, BC_PARSE_FLAG_LOOP | BC_PARSE_FLAG_LOOP_INNER);
}
static void bc_parse_for(BcParse *p) {
size_t cond_idx, exit_idx, body_idx, update_idx;
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t != BC_LEX_LPAREN))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (p->l.t != BC_LEX_SCOLON)
bc_parse_expr_status(p, 0, bc_parse_next_for);
else bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_POSIX_FOR);
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t != BC_LEX_SCOLON))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
cond_idx = p->func->labels.len;
update_idx = cond_idx + 1;
body_idx = update_idx + 1;
exit_idx = body_idx + 1;
bc_parse_createLabel(p, p->func->code.len);
if (p->l.t != BC_LEX_SCOLON) {
uint8_t flags = (BC_PARSE_REL | BC_PARSE_NEEDVAL);
bc_parse_expr_status(p, flags, bc_parse_next_for);
}
else {
// Set this for the next call to bc_parse_number.
// This is safe to set because the current token
// is a semicolon, which has no string requirement.
bc_vec_string(&p->l.str, strlen(bc_parse_const1), bc_parse_const1);
bc_parse_number(p);
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_POSIX_FOR);
}
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t != BC_LEX_SCOLON))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_JUMP_ZERO);
bc_parse_pushIndex(p, exit_idx);
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_JUMP);
bc_parse_pushIndex(p, body_idx);
bc_parse_createCondLabel(p, update_idx);
if (p->l.t != BC_LEX_RPAREN)
bc_parse_expr_status(p, 0, bc_parse_next_rel);
else bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_POSIX_FOR);
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t != BC_LEX_RPAREN))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_JUMP);
bc_parse_pushIndex(p, cond_idx);
bc_parse_createLabel(p, p->func->code.len);
bc_parse_createExitLabel(p, exit_idx, true);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
bc_parse_startBody(p, BC_PARSE_FLAG_LOOP | BC_PARSE_FLAG_LOOP_INNER);
}
static void bc_parse_loopExit(BcParse *p, BcLexType type) {
size_t i;
BcInstPtr *ip;
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PARSE_LOOP(p))) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
if (type == BC_LEX_KW_BREAK) {
if (BC_ERR(!p->exits.len)) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
i = p->exits.len - 1;
ip = bc_vec_item(&p->exits, i);
while (!ip->func && i < p->exits.len) ip = bc_vec_item(&p->exits, i--);
assert(ip != NULL && (i < p->exits.len || ip->func));
i = ip->idx;
}
else i = *((size_t*) bc_vec_top(&p->conds));
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_JUMP);
bc_parse_pushIndex(p, i);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
static void bc_parse_func(BcParse *p) {
bool comma = false, voidfn;
uint16_t flags;
size_t idx;
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t != BC_LEX_NAME))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_FUNC);
voidfn = (!BC_IS_POSIX && p->l.t == BC_LEX_NAME &&
!strcmp(p->l.str.v, "void"));
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
voidfn = (voidfn && p->l.t == BC_LEX_NAME);
if (voidfn) {
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_POSIX_VOID);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t != BC_LEX_LPAREN))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_FUNC);
assert(p->prog->fns.len == p->prog->fn_map.len);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
idx = bc_program_insertFunc(p->prog, p->l.str.v);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
assert(idx);
bc_parse_updateFunc(p, idx);
p->func->voidfn = voidfn;
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
while (p->l.t != BC_LEX_RPAREN) {
BcType t = BC_TYPE_VAR;
if (p->l.t == BC_LEX_OP_MULTIPLY) {
t = BC_TYPE_REF;
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_POSIX_REF);
}
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t != BC_LEX_NAME))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_FUNC);
p->func->nparams += 1;
bc_vec_string(&p->buf, p->l.str.len, p->l.str.v);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (p->l.t == BC_LEX_LBRACKET) {
if (t == BC_TYPE_VAR) t = BC_TYPE_ARRAY;
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t != BC_LEX_RBRACKET))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_FUNC);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
else if (BC_ERR(t == BC_TYPE_REF))
bc_parse_verr(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_REF_VAR, p->buf.v);
comma = (p->l.t == BC_LEX_COMMA);
if (comma) {
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
bc_func_insert(p->func, p->prog, p->buf.v, t, p->l.line);
}
if (BC_ERR(comma)) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_FUNC);
flags = BC_PARSE_FLAG_FUNC | BC_PARSE_FLAG_FUNC_INNER;
bc_parse_startBody(p, flags);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (p->l.t != BC_LEX_LBRACE) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_POSIX_BRACE);
}
static void bc_parse_auto(BcParse *p) {
bool comma, one;
if (BC_ERR(!p->auto_part)) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
p->auto_part = comma = false;
one = p->l.t == BC_LEX_NAME;
while (p->l.t == BC_LEX_NAME) {
BcType t;
bc_vec_string(&p->buf, p->l.str.len - 1, p->l.str.v);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (p->l.t == BC_LEX_LBRACKET) {
t = BC_TYPE_ARRAY;
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t != BC_LEX_RBRACKET))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_FUNC);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
else t = BC_TYPE_VAR;
comma = (p->l.t == BC_LEX_COMMA);
if (comma) bc_lex_next(&p->l);
bc_func_insert(p->func, p->prog, p->buf.v, t, p->l.line);
}
if (BC_ERR(comma)) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_FUNC);
if (BC_ERR(!one)) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_NO_AUTO);
if (BC_ERR(!bc_parse_isDelimiter(p)))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
}
static void bc_parse_body(BcParse *p, bool brace) {
uint16_t *flag_ptr = BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG_PTR(p);
assert(flag_ptr != NULL);
assert(p->flags.len >= 2);
*flag_ptr &= ~(BC_PARSE_FLAG_BODY);
if (*flag_ptr & BC_PARSE_FLAG_FUNC_INNER) {
if (BC_ERR(!brace)) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
p->auto_part = (p->l.t != BC_LEX_KW_AUTO);
if (!p->auto_part) {
// Make sure this is true to not get a parse error.
p->auto_part = true;
bc_parse_auto(p);
}
if (p->l.t == BC_LEX_NLINE) bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
else {
size_t len = p->flags.len;
assert(*flag_ptr);
bc_parse_stmt(p);
if (!brace && !BC_PARSE_BODY(p) && len <= p->flags.len)
bc_parse_endBody(p, false);
}
}
static void bc_parse_stmt(BcParse *p) {
size_t len;
uint16_t flags;
BcLexType type = p->l.t;
if (type == BC_LEX_NLINE) {
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
return;
}
if (type == BC_LEX_KW_AUTO) {
bc_parse_auto(p);
return;
}
p->auto_part = false;
if (type != BC_LEX_KW_ELSE) {
if (BC_PARSE_IF_END(p)) {
bc_parse_noElse(p);
if (p->flags.len > 1 && !BC_PARSE_BRACE(p))
bc_parse_endBody(p, false);
return;
}
else if (type == BC_LEX_LBRACE) {
if (!BC_PARSE_BODY(p)) {
bc_parse_startBody(p, BC_PARSE_FLAG_BRACE);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
else {
*(BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG_PTR(p)) |= BC_PARSE_FLAG_BRACE;
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
bc_parse_body(p, true);
}
return;
}
else if (BC_PARSE_BODY(p) && !BC_PARSE_BRACE(p)) {
bc_parse_body(p, false);
return;
}
}
len = p->flags.len;
flags = BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG(p);
switch (type) {
case BC_LEX_OP_INC:
case BC_LEX_OP_DEC:
case BC_LEX_OP_MINUS:
case BC_LEX_OP_BOOL_NOT:
case BC_LEX_LPAREN:
case BC_LEX_NAME:
case BC_LEX_NUMBER:
case BC_LEX_KW_IBASE:
case BC_LEX_KW_LAST:
case BC_LEX_KW_LENGTH:
case BC_LEX_KW_OBASE:
case BC_LEX_KW_SCALE:
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
case BC_LEX_KW_SEED:
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
case BC_LEX_KW_SQRT:
case BC_LEX_KW_ABS:
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
case BC_LEX_KW_IRAND:
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
case BC_LEX_KW_READ:
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
case BC_LEX_KW_RAND:
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
case BC_LEX_KW_MAXIBASE:
case BC_LEX_KW_MAXOBASE:
case BC_LEX_KW_MAXSCALE:
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
case BC_LEX_KW_MAXRAND:
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
{
bc_parse_expr_status(p, BC_PARSE_PRINT, bc_parse_next_expr);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_KW_ELSE:
{
bc_parse_else(p);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_SCOLON:
{
// Do nothing.
break;
}
case BC_LEX_RBRACE:
{
bc_parse_endBody(p, true);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_STR:
{
bc_parse_str(p, BC_INST_PRINT_STR);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_KW_BREAK:
case BC_LEX_KW_CONTINUE:
{
bc_parse_loopExit(p, p->l.t);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_KW_FOR:
{
bc_parse_for(p);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_KW_HALT:
{
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_HALT);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_KW_IF:
{
bc_parse_if(p);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_KW_LIMITS:
{
bc_vm_printf("BC_LONG_BIT = %lu\n", (ulong) BC_LONG_BIT);
bc_vm_printf("BC_BASE_DIGS = %lu\n", (ulong) BC_BASE_DIGS);
bc_vm_printf("BC_BASE_POW = %lu\n", (ulong) BC_BASE_POW);
bc_vm_printf("BC_OVERFLOW_MAX = %lu\n", (ulong) BC_NUM_BIGDIG_MAX);
bc_vm_printf("\n");
bc_vm_printf("BC_BASE_MAX = %lu\n", BC_MAX_OBASE);
bc_vm_printf("BC_DIM_MAX = %lu\n", BC_MAX_DIM);
bc_vm_printf("BC_SCALE_MAX = %lu\n", BC_MAX_SCALE);
bc_vm_printf("BC_STRING_MAX = %lu\n", BC_MAX_STRING);
bc_vm_printf("BC_NAME_MAX = %lu\n", BC_MAX_NAME);
bc_vm_printf("BC_NUM_MAX = %lu\n", BC_MAX_NUM);
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
bc_vm_printf("BC_RAND_MAX = %lu\n", BC_MAX_RAND);
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
bc_vm_printf("MAX Exponent = %lu\n", BC_MAX_EXP);
bc_vm_printf("Number of vars = %lu\n", BC_MAX_VARS);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_KW_PRINT:
{
bc_parse_print(p);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_KW_QUIT:
{
// Quit is a compile-time command. We don't exit directly,
// so the vm can clean up. Limits do the same thing.
vm.status = BC_STATUS_QUIT;
BC_VM_JMP;
break;
}
case BC_LEX_KW_RETURN:
{
bc_parse_return(p);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_KW_WHILE:
{
bc_parse_while(p);
break;
}
default:
{
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
}
}
if (len == p->flags.len && flags == BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG(p)) {
if (BC_ERR(!bc_parse_isDelimiter(p)))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
}
// Make sure semicolons are eaten.
while (p->l.t == BC_LEX_SCOLON) bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
void bc_parse_parse(BcParse *p) {
assert(p);
BC_SETJMP(exit);
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t == BC_LEX_EOF)) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_EOF);
else if (p->l.t == BC_LEX_KW_DEFINE) {
if (BC_ERR(BC_PARSE_NO_EXEC(p)))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
bc_parse_func(p);
}
else bc_parse_stmt(p);
exit:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
- if (BC_ERR((vm.status && vm.status != BC_STATUS_QUIT))) bc_parse_reset(p);
+ if (BC_ERR(((vm.status && vm.status != BC_STATUS_QUIT) || vm.sig)))
+ bc_parse_reset(p);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
static BcParseStatus bc_parse_expr_err(BcParse *p, uint8_t flags,
BcParseNext next)
{
BcInst prev = BC_INST_PRINT;
uchar inst = BC_INST_INVALID;
BcLexType top, t = p->l.t;
size_t nexprs = 0, ops_bgn = p->ops.len;
uint32_t i, nparens, nrelops;
bool pfirst, rprn, done, get_token, assign, bin_last, incdec, can_assign;
assert(!(flags & BC_PARSE_PRINT) || !(flags & BC_PARSE_NEEDVAL));
pfirst = (p->l.t == BC_LEX_LPAREN);
nparens = nrelops = 0;
rprn = done = get_token = assign = incdec = can_assign = false;
bin_last = true;
// We want to eat newlines if newlines are not a valid ending token.
// This is for spacing in things like for loop headers.
if (!(flags & BC_PARSE_NOREAD)) {
while ((t = p->l.t) == BC_LEX_NLINE) bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
for (; !done && BC_PARSE_EXPR(t); t = p->l.t)
{
switch (t) {
case BC_LEX_OP_INC:
case BC_LEX_OP_DEC:
{
if (BC_ERR(incdec)) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_ASSIGN);
bc_parse_incdec(p, &prev, &can_assign, &nexprs, flags);
rprn = get_token = bin_last = false;
incdec = true;
flags &= ~(BC_PARSE_ARRAY);
break;
}
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
case BC_LEX_OP_TRUNC:
{
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PARSE_LEAF(prev, bin_last, rprn)))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
// I can just add the instruction because
// negative will already be taken care of.
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_TRUNC);
- rprn = can_assign = false;
+ rprn = can_assign = incdec = false;
get_token = true;
flags &= ~(BC_PARSE_ARRAY);
break;
}
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
case BC_LEX_OP_MINUS:
{
bc_parse_minus(p, &prev, ops_bgn, rprn, bin_last, &nexprs);
rprn = get_token = can_assign = false;
bin_last = (prev == BC_INST_MINUS);
if (bin_last) incdec = false;
flags &= ~(BC_PARSE_ARRAY);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_POWER:
case BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_MULTIPLY:
case BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_DIVIDE:
case BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_MODULUS:
case BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_PLUS:
case BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_MINUS:
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
case BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_PLACES:
case BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_LSHIFT:
case BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_RSHIFT:
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
case BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN:
{
if (!BC_PARSE_INST_VAR(prev))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_ASSIGN);
}
// Fallthrough.
case BC_LEX_OP_POWER:
case BC_LEX_OP_MULTIPLY:
case BC_LEX_OP_DIVIDE:
case BC_LEX_OP_MODULUS:
case BC_LEX_OP_PLUS:
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
case BC_LEX_OP_PLACES:
case BC_LEX_OP_LSHIFT:
case BC_LEX_OP_RSHIFT:
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
case BC_LEX_OP_REL_EQ:
case BC_LEX_OP_REL_LE:
case BC_LEX_OP_REL_GE:
case BC_LEX_OP_REL_NE:
case BC_LEX_OP_REL_LT:
case BC_LEX_OP_REL_GT:
case BC_LEX_OP_BOOL_NOT:
case BC_LEX_OP_BOOL_OR:
case BC_LEX_OP_BOOL_AND:
{
if (BC_PARSE_OP_PREFIX(t)) {
if (BC_ERR(!bin_last && !BC_PARSE_OP_PREFIX(p->l.last)))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_EXPR);
}
else if (BC_ERR(BC_PARSE_PREV_PREFIX(prev) || bin_last))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_EXPR);
nrelops += (t >= BC_LEX_OP_REL_EQ && t <= BC_LEX_OP_REL_GT);
prev = BC_PARSE_TOKEN_INST(t);
bc_parse_operator(p, t, ops_bgn, &nexprs);
rprn = incdec = can_assign = false;
get_token = true;
bin_last = !BC_PARSE_OP_PREFIX(t);
flags &= ~(BC_PARSE_ARRAY);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_LPAREN:
{
if (BC_ERR(BC_PARSE_LEAF(prev, bin_last, rprn)))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_EXPR);
nparens += 1;
rprn = incdec = can_assign = false;
get_token = true;
bc_vec_push(&p->ops, &t);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_RPAREN:
{
// This needs to be a status. The error
// is handled in bc_parse_expr_status().
if (BC_ERR(p->l.last == BC_LEX_LPAREN))
return BC_PARSE_STATUS_EMPTY_EXPR;
if (BC_ERR(bin_last || BC_PARSE_PREV_PREFIX(prev)))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_EXPR);
if (!nparens) {
done = true;
get_token = false;
break;
}
nparens -= 1;
rprn = true;
get_token = bin_last = incdec = false;
bc_parse_rightParen(p, &nexprs);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_NAME:
{
if (BC_ERR(BC_PARSE_LEAF(prev, bin_last, rprn)))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_EXPR);
get_token = bin_last = false;
bc_parse_name(p, &prev, &can_assign,
flags & ~BC_PARSE_NOCALL);
rprn = (prev == BC_INST_CALL);
nexprs += 1;
flags &= ~(BC_PARSE_ARRAY);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_NUMBER:
{
if (BC_ERR(BC_PARSE_LEAF(prev, bin_last, rprn)))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_EXPR);
bc_parse_number(p);
nexprs += 1;
prev = BC_INST_NUM;
get_token = true;
rprn = bin_last = can_assign = false;
flags &= ~(BC_PARSE_ARRAY);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_KW_IBASE:
case BC_LEX_KW_LAST:
case BC_LEX_KW_OBASE:
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
case BC_LEX_KW_SEED:
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
{
if (BC_ERR(BC_PARSE_LEAF(prev, bin_last, rprn)))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_EXPR);
prev = t - BC_LEX_KW_LAST + BC_INST_LAST;
bc_parse_push(p, prev);
get_token = can_assign = true;
rprn = bin_last = false;
nexprs += 1;
flags &= ~(BC_PARSE_ARRAY);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_KW_LENGTH:
case BC_LEX_KW_SQRT:
case BC_LEX_KW_ABS:
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
case BC_LEX_KW_IRAND:
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
{
if (BC_ERR(BC_PARSE_LEAF(prev, bin_last, rprn)))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_EXPR);
bc_parse_builtin(p, t, flags, &prev);
rprn = get_token = bin_last = incdec = can_assign = false;
nexprs += 1;
flags &= ~(BC_PARSE_ARRAY);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_KW_READ:
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
case BC_LEX_KW_RAND:
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
case BC_LEX_KW_MAXIBASE:
case BC_LEX_KW_MAXOBASE:
case BC_LEX_KW_MAXSCALE:
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
case BC_LEX_KW_MAXRAND:
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
{
if (BC_ERR(BC_PARSE_LEAF(prev, bin_last, rprn)))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_EXPR);
else if (t == BC_LEX_KW_READ && BC_ERR(flags & BC_PARSE_NOREAD))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_EXEC_REC_READ);
else {
prev = t - BC_LEX_KW_READ + BC_INST_READ;
bc_parse_noArgBuiltin(p, prev);
}
rprn = get_token = bin_last = incdec = can_assign = false;
nexprs += 1;
flags &= ~(BC_PARSE_ARRAY);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_KW_SCALE:
{
if (BC_ERR(BC_PARSE_LEAF(prev, bin_last, rprn)))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_EXPR);
bc_parse_scale(p, &prev, &can_assign, flags);
rprn = get_token = bin_last = false;
nexprs += 1;
flags &= ~(BC_PARSE_ARRAY);
break;
}
default:
{
#ifndef NDEBUG
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
break;
#endif // NDEBUG
}
}
if (get_token) bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
while (p->ops.len > ops_bgn) {
top = BC_PARSE_TOP_OP(p);
assign = top >= BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN_POWER && top <= BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN;
if (BC_ERR(top == BC_LEX_LPAREN || top == BC_LEX_RPAREN))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_EXPR);
bc_parse_push(p, BC_PARSE_TOKEN_INST(top));
nexprs -= !BC_PARSE_OP_PREFIX(top);
bc_vec_pop(&p->ops);
+
+ incdec = false;
}
if (BC_ERR(nexprs != 1)) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_EXPR);
for (i = 0; i < next.len && t != next.tokens[i]; ++i);
if (BC_ERR(i == next.len && !bc_parse_isDelimiter(p)))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_EXPR);
if (!(flags & BC_PARSE_REL) && nrelops)
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_POSIX_REL_POS);
else if ((flags & BC_PARSE_REL) && nrelops > 1)
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_POSIX_MULTIREL);
if (!(flags & BC_PARSE_NEEDVAL) && !pfirst) {
if (assign) {
inst = *((uchar*) bc_vec_top(&p->func->code));
inst += (BC_INST_ASSIGN_POWER_NO_VAL - BC_INST_ASSIGN_POWER);
incdec = false;
}
else if (incdec && !(flags & BC_PARSE_PRINT)) {
inst = *((uchar*) bc_vec_top(&p->func->code));
incdec = (inst <= BC_INST_DEC);
inst = BC_INST_ASSIGN_PLUS_NO_VAL + (inst != BC_INST_INC &&
inst != BC_INST_ASSIGN_PLUS);
}
- if (inst >= BC_INST_ASSIGN_PLUS_NO_VAL && inst <= BC_INST_ASSIGN_NO_VAL)
+ if (inst >= BC_INST_ASSIGN_POWER_NO_VAL &&
+ inst <= BC_INST_ASSIGN_NO_VAL)
{
bc_vec_pop(&p->func->code);
if (incdec) bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_ONE);
bc_parse_push(p, inst);
}
}
if ((flags & BC_PARSE_PRINT)) {
if (pfirst || !assign) bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_PRINT);
}
else if (!(flags & BC_PARSE_NEEDVAL) &&
(inst < BC_INST_ASSIGN_POWER_NO_VAL ||
inst > BC_INST_ASSIGN_NO_VAL))
{
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_POP);
}
// We want to eat newlines if newlines are not a valid ending token.
// This is for spacing in things like for loop headers.
for (incdec = true, i = 0; i < next.len && incdec; ++i)
incdec = (next.tokens[i] != BC_LEX_NLINE);
if (incdec) {
while (p->l.t == BC_LEX_NLINE) bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
return BC_PARSE_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}
void bc_parse_expr_status(BcParse *p, uint8_t flags, BcParseNext next) {
BcParseStatus s = bc_parse_expr_err(p, flags, next);
if (BC_ERR(s == BC_PARSE_STATUS_EMPTY_EXPR))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_EMPTY_EXPR);
}
void bc_parse_expr(BcParse *p, uint8_t flags) {
assert(p);
bc_parse_expr_status(p, flags, bc_parse_next_read);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/bc/parse.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/bc (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/bc (revision 362987)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/bc
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:ignore
## -1,23 +0,0 ##
-*.sh
-*.yml
-*.py
-.git
-.gitignore
-.svnignore
-*.utf8.msg
-Makefile
-tests
-de_AT.*
-de_CH.*
-en_AU.*
-en_CA.*
-en_GB.*
-en_IE.*
-en_NZ.*
-fr_BE.*
-fr_CA.*
-fr_CH.*
-*.ISO8859-15.msg
-en_US.ISO8859-1.msg
-en_US.US-ASCII.msg
-en_US.US_ASCII.msg
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/data.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/data.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/data.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,995 +1,1004 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Constant data for bc.
*
*/
#include <args.h>
#include <lex.h>
#include <parse.h>
#include <bc.h>
#include <dc.h>
#include <num.h>
#include <rand.h>
#include <program.h>
#include <vm.h>
#if BC_ENABLED
const char bc_sig_msg[] = "\ninterrupt (type \"quit\" to exit)\n";
const uchar bc_sig_msg_len = (uchar) (sizeof(bc_sig_msg) - 1);
#endif // BC_ENABLED
#if DC_ENABLED
const char dc_sig_msg[] = "\ninterrupt (type \"q\" to exit)\n";
const uchar dc_sig_msg_len = (uchar) (sizeof(dc_sig_msg) - 1);
#endif // DC_ENABLED
const char bc_copyright[] =
"Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors\n"
"Report bugs at: https://git.yzena.com/gavin/bc\n\n"
"This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.\n";
const char* const bc_err_func_header = "Function:";
const char* const bc_err_line = ":%zu";
const char *bc_errs[] = {
"Math error:",
"Parse error:",
"Runtime error:",
"Fatal error:",
#if BC_ENABLED
"Warning:",
#endif // BC_ENABLED
};
const uchar bc_err_ids[] = {
BC_ERR_IDX_MATH, BC_ERR_IDX_MATH, BC_ERR_IDX_MATH, BC_ERR_IDX_MATH,
BC_ERR_IDX_FATAL, BC_ERR_IDX_FATAL, BC_ERR_IDX_FATAL, BC_ERR_IDX_FATAL,
BC_ERR_IDX_FATAL, BC_ERR_IDX_FATAL, BC_ERR_IDX_FATAL, BC_ERR_IDX_FATAL,
BC_ERR_IDX_EXEC, BC_ERR_IDX_EXEC, BC_ERR_IDX_EXEC, BC_ERR_IDX_EXEC,
BC_ERR_IDX_EXEC, BC_ERR_IDX_EXEC, BC_ERR_IDX_EXEC, BC_ERR_IDX_EXEC,
BC_ERR_IDX_EXEC, BC_ERR_IDX_EXEC,
BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE,
BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE,
#if BC_ENABLED
BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE,
BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE,
BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE,
BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE,
BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE,
BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE, BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE,
BC_ERR_IDX_PARSE,
#endif // BC_ENABLED
};
const char* const bc_err_msgs[] = {
"negative number",
"non-integer number",
"overflow: number cannot fit",
"divide by 0",
"memory allocation failed",
"I/O error",
"cannot open file: %s",
"file is not ASCII: %s",
"path is a directory: %s",
"bad command-line option: \"%s\"",
"option requires an argument: '%c' (\"%s\")",
"option takes no arguments: '%c' (\"%s\")",
"bad ibase: must be [%lu, %lu]",
"bad obase: must be [%lu, %lu]",
"bad scale: must be [%lu, %lu]",
"bad read() expression",
"read() call inside of a read() call",
"variable or array element is the wrong type",
#if DC_ENABLED
"stack has too few elements",
#else // DC_ENABLED
NULL,
#endif // DC_ENABLED
#if BC_ENABLED
"wrong number of parameters; need %zu, have %zu",
"undefined function: %s()",
"cannot use a void value in an expression",
#else
NULL, NULL, NULL,
#endif // BC_ENABLED
"end of file",
"bad character '%c'",
"string end cannot be found",
"comment end cannot be found",
"bad token",
#if BC_ENABLED
"bad expression",
"empty expression",
"bad print statement",
"bad function definition",
"bad assignment: left side must be scale, ibase, "
"obase, seed, last, var, or array element",
"no auto variable found",
"function parameter or auto \"%s%s\" already exists",
"block end cannot be found",
"cannot return a value from void function: %s()",
"var cannot be a reference: %s",
"POSIX does not allow names longer than 1 character: %s",
"POSIX does not allow '#' script comments",
"POSIX does not allow the following keyword: %s",
"POSIX does not allow a period ('.') as a shortcut for the last result",
"POSIX requires parentheses around return expressions",
"POSIX does not allow the following operator: %s",
"POSIX does not allow comparison operators outside if statements or loops",
"POSIX requires 0 or 1 comparison operators per condition",
"POSIX requires all 3 parts of a for loop to be non-empty",
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
"POSIX does not allow exponential notation",
#else
NULL,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
"POSIX does not allow array references as function parameters",
"POSIX does not allow void functions",
"POSIX requires the left brace be on the same line as the function header",
#endif // BC_ENABLED
};
#if BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
const char *bc_history_bad_terms[] = { "dumb", "cons25", "emacs", NULL };
const char bc_history_tab[] = " ";
const size_t bc_history_tab_len = sizeof(bc_history_tab) - 1;
// These are listed in ascending order for efficiency.
const uint32_t bc_history_wchars[][2] = {
{ 0x1100, 0x115F },
{ 0x231A, 0x231B },
{ 0x2329, 0x232A },
{ 0x23E9, 0x23EC },
{ 0x23F0, 0x23F0 },
{ 0x23F3, 0x23F3 },
{ 0x25FD, 0x25FE },
{ 0x2614, 0x2615 },
{ 0x2648, 0x2653 },
{ 0x267F, 0x267F },
{ 0x2693, 0x2693 },
{ 0x26A1, 0x26A1 },
{ 0x26AA, 0x26AB },
{ 0x26BD, 0x26BE },
{ 0x26C4, 0x26C5 },
{ 0x26CE, 0x26CE },
{ 0x26D4, 0x26D4 },
{ 0x26EA, 0x26EA },
{ 0x26F2, 0x26F3 },
{ 0x26F5, 0x26F5 },
{ 0x26FA, 0x26FA },
{ 0x26FD, 0x26FD },
{ 0x2705, 0x2705 },
{ 0x270A, 0x270B },
{ 0x2728, 0x2728 },
{ 0x274C, 0x274C },
{ 0x274E, 0x274E },
{ 0x2753, 0x2755 },
{ 0x2757, 0x2757 },
{ 0x2795, 0x2797 },
{ 0x27B0, 0x27B0 },
{ 0x27BF, 0x27BF },
{ 0x2B1B, 0x2B1C },
{ 0x2B50, 0x2B50 },
{ 0x2B55, 0x2B55 },
{ 0x2E80, 0x2E99 },
{ 0x2E9B, 0x2EF3 },
{ 0x2F00, 0x2FD5 },
{ 0x2FF0, 0x2FFB },
{ 0x3001, 0x303E },
{ 0x3041, 0x3096 },
{ 0x3099, 0x30FF },
{ 0x3105, 0x312D },
{ 0x3131, 0x318E },
{ 0x3190, 0x31BA },
{ 0x31C0, 0x31E3 },
{ 0x31F0, 0x321E },
{ 0x3220, 0x3247 },
{ 0x3250, 0x32FE },
{ 0x3300, 0x4DBF },
{ 0x4E00, 0xA48C },
{ 0xA490, 0xA4C6 },
{ 0xA960, 0xA97C },
{ 0xAC00, 0xD7A3 },
{ 0xF900, 0xFAFF },
{ 0xFE10, 0xFE19 },
{ 0xFE30, 0xFE52 },
{ 0xFE54, 0xFE66 },
{ 0xFE68, 0xFE6B },
{ 0x16FE0, 0x16FE0 },
{ 0x17000, 0x187EC },
{ 0x18800, 0x18AF2 },
{ 0x1B000, 0x1B001 },
{ 0x1F004, 0x1F004 },
{ 0x1F0CF, 0x1F0CF },
{ 0x1F18E, 0x1F18E },
{ 0x1F191, 0x1F19A },
{ 0x1F200, 0x1F202 },
{ 0x1F210, 0x1F23B },
{ 0x1F240, 0x1F248 },
{ 0x1F250, 0x1F251 },
{ 0x1F300, 0x1F320 },
{ 0x1F32D, 0x1F335 },
{ 0x1F337, 0x1F37C },
{ 0x1F37E, 0x1F393 },
{ 0x1F3A0, 0x1F3CA },
{ 0x1F3CF, 0x1F3D3 },
{ 0x1F3E0, 0x1F3F0 },
{ 0x1F3F4, 0x1F3F4 },
{ 0x1F3F8, 0x1F43E },
{ 0x1F440, 0x1F440 },
{ 0x1F442, 0x1F4FC },
{ 0x1F4FF, 0x1F53D },
{ 0x1F54B, 0x1F54E },
{ 0x1F550, 0x1F567 },
{ 0x1F57A, 0x1F57A },
{ 0x1F595, 0x1F596 },
{ 0x1F5A4, 0x1F5A4 },
{ 0x1F5FB, 0x1F64F },
{ 0x1F680, 0x1F6C5 },
{ 0x1F6CC, 0x1F6CC },
{ 0x1F6D0, 0x1F6D2 },
{ 0x1F6EB, 0x1F6EC },
{ 0x1F6F4, 0x1F6F6 },
{ 0x1F910, 0x1F91E },
{ 0x1F920, 0x1F927 },
{ 0x1F930, 0x1F930 },
{ 0x1F933, 0x1F93E },
{ 0x1F940, 0x1F94B },
{ 0x1F950, 0x1F95E },
{ 0x1F980, 0x1F991 },
{ 0x1F9C0, 0x1F9C0 },
{ 0x20000, 0x2FFFD },
{ 0x30000, 0x3FFFD },
};
const size_t bc_history_wchars_len =
sizeof(bc_history_wchars) / sizeof(bc_history_wchars[0]);
// These are listed in ascending order for efficiency.
const uint32_t bc_history_combo_chars[] = {
0x0300,0x0301,0x0302,0x0303,0x0304,0x0305,0x0306,0x0307,
0x0308,0x0309,0x030A,0x030B,0x030C,0x030D,0x030E,0x030F,
0x0310,0x0311,0x0312,0x0313,0x0314,0x0315,0x0316,0x0317,
0x0318,0x0319,0x031A,0x031B,0x031C,0x031D,0x031E,0x031F,
0x0320,0x0321,0x0322,0x0323,0x0324,0x0325,0x0326,0x0327,
0x0328,0x0329,0x032A,0x032B,0x032C,0x032D,0x032E,0x032F,
0x0330,0x0331,0x0332,0x0333,0x0334,0x0335,0x0336,0x0337,
0x0338,0x0339,0x033A,0x033B,0x033C,0x033D,0x033E,0x033F,
0x0340,0x0341,0x0342,0x0343,0x0344,0x0345,0x0346,0x0347,
0x0348,0x0349,0x034A,0x034B,0x034C,0x034D,0x034E,0x034F,
0x0350,0x0351,0x0352,0x0353,0x0354,0x0355,0x0356,0x0357,
0x0358,0x0359,0x035A,0x035B,0x035C,0x035D,0x035E,0x035F,
0x0360,0x0361,0x0362,0x0363,0x0364,0x0365,0x0366,0x0367,
0x0368,0x0369,0x036A,0x036B,0x036C,0x036D,0x036E,0x036F,
0x0483,0x0484,0x0485,0x0486,0x0487,0x0591,0x0592,0x0593,
0x0594,0x0595,0x0596,0x0597,0x0598,0x0599,0x059A,0x059B,
0x059C,0x059D,0x059E,0x059F,0x05A0,0x05A1,0x05A2,0x05A3,
0x05A4,0x05A5,0x05A6,0x05A7,0x05A8,0x05A9,0x05AA,0x05AB,
0x05AC,0x05AD,0x05AE,0x05AF,0x05B0,0x05B1,0x05B2,0x05B3,
0x05B4,0x05B5,0x05B6,0x05B7,0x05B8,0x05B9,0x05BA,0x05BB,
0x05BC,0x05BD,0x05BF,0x05C1,0x05C2,0x05C4,0x05C5,0x05C7,
0x0610,0x0611,0x0612,0x0613,0x0614,0x0615,0x0616,0x0617,
0x0618,0x0619,0x061A,0x064B,0x064C,0x064D,0x064E,0x064F,
0x0650,0x0651,0x0652,0x0653,0x0654,0x0655,0x0656,0x0657,
0x0658,0x0659,0x065A,0x065B,0x065C,0x065D,0x065E,0x065F,
0x0670,0x06D6,0x06D7,0x06D8,0x06D9,0x06DA,0x06DB,0x06DC,
0x06DF,0x06E0,0x06E1,0x06E2,0x06E3,0x06E4,0x06E7,0x06E8,
0x06EA,0x06EB,0x06EC,0x06ED,0x0711,0x0730,0x0731,0x0732,
0x0733,0x0734,0x0735,0x0736,0x0737,0x0738,0x0739,0x073A,
0x073B,0x073C,0x073D,0x073E,0x073F,0x0740,0x0741,0x0742,
0x0743,0x0744,0x0745,0x0746,0x0747,0x0748,0x0749,0x074A,
0x07A6,0x07A7,0x07A8,0x07A9,0x07AA,0x07AB,0x07AC,0x07AD,
0x07AE,0x07AF,0x07B0,0x07EB,0x07EC,0x07ED,0x07EE,0x07EF,
0x07F0,0x07F1,0x07F2,0x07F3,0x0816,0x0817,0x0818,0x0819,
0x081B,0x081C,0x081D,0x081E,0x081F,0x0820,0x0821,0x0822,
0x0823,0x0825,0x0826,0x0827,0x0829,0x082A,0x082B,0x082C,
0x082D,0x0859,0x085A,0x085B,0x08D4,0x08D5,0x08D6,0x08D7,
0x08D8,0x08D9,0x08DA,0x08DB,0x08DC,0x08DD,0x08DE,0x08DF,
0x08E0,0x08E1,0x08E3,0x08E4,0x08E5,0x08E6,0x08E7,0x08E8,
0x08E9,0x08EA,0x08EB,0x08EC,0x08ED,0x08EE,0x08EF,0x08F0,
0x08F1,0x08F2,0x08F3,0x08F4,0x08F5,0x08F6,0x08F7,0x08F8,
0x08F9,0x08FA,0x08FB,0x08FC,0x08FD,0x08FE,0x08FF,0x0900,
0x0901,0x0902,0x093A,0x093C,0x0941,0x0942,0x0943,0x0944,
0x0945,0x0946,0x0947,0x0948,0x094D,0x0951,0x0952,0x0953,
0x0954,0x0955,0x0956,0x0957,0x0962,0x0963,0x0981,0x09BC,
0x09C1,0x09C2,0x09C3,0x09C4,0x09CD,0x09E2,0x09E3,0x0A01,
0x0A02,0x0A3C,0x0A41,0x0A42,0x0A47,0x0A48,0x0A4B,0x0A4C,
0x0A4D,0x0A51,0x0A70,0x0A71,0x0A75,0x0A81,0x0A82,0x0ABC,
0x0AC1,0x0AC2,0x0AC3,0x0AC4,0x0AC5,0x0AC7,0x0AC8,0x0ACD,
0x0AE2,0x0AE3,0x0B01,0x0B3C,0x0B3F,0x0B41,0x0B42,0x0B43,
0x0B44,0x0B4D,0x0B56,0x0B62,0x0B63,0x0B82,0x0BC0,0x0BCD,
0x0C00,0x0C3E,0x0C3F,0x0C40,0x0C46,0x0C47,0x0C48,0x0C4A,
0x0C4B,0x0C4C,0x0C4D,0x0C55,0x0C56,0x0C62,0x0C63,0x0C81,
0x0CBC,0x0CBF,0x0CC6,0x0CCC,0x0CCD,0x0CE2,0x0CE3,0x0D01,
0x0D41,0x0D42,0x0D43,0x0D44,0x0D4D,0x0D62,0x0D63,0x0DCA,
0x0DD2,0x0DD3,0x0DD4,0x0DD6,0x0E31,0x0E34,0x0E35,0x0E36,
0x0E37,0x0E38,0x0E39,0x0E3A,0x0E47,0x0E48,0x0E49,0x0E4A,
0x0E4B,0x0E4C,0x0E4D,0x0E4E,0x0EB1,0x0EB4,0x0EB5,0x0EB6,
0x0EB7,0x0EB8,0x0EB9,0x0EBB,0x0EBC,0x0EC8,0x0EC9,0x0ECA,
0x0ECB,0x0ECC,0x0ECD,0x0F18,0x0F19,0x0F35,0x0F37,0x0F39,
0x0F71,0x0F72,0x0F73,0x0F74,0x0F75,0x0F76,0x0F77,0x0F78,
0x0F79,0x0F7A,0x0F7B,0x0F7C,0x0F7D,0x0F7E,0x0F80,0x0F81,
0x0F82,0x0F83,0x0F84,0x0F86,0x0F87,0x0F8D,0x0F8E,0x0F8F,
0x0F90,0x0F91,0x0F92,0x0F93,0x0F94,0x0F95,0x0F96,0x0F97,
0x0F99,0x0F9A,0x0F9B,0x0F9C,0x0F9D,0x0F9E,0x0F9F,0x0FA0,
0x0FA1,0x0FA2,0x0FA3,0x0FA4,0x0FA5,0x0FA6,0x0FA7,0x0FA8,
0x0FA9,0x0FAA,0x0FAB,0x0FAC,0x0FAD,0x0FAE,0x0FAF,0x0FB0,
0x0FB1,0x0FB2,0x0FB3,0x0FB4,0x0FB5,0x0FB6,0x0FB7,0x0FB8,
0x0FB9,0x0FBA,0x0FBB,0x0FBC,0x0FC6,0x102D,0x102E,0x102F,
0x1030,0x1032,0x1033,0x1034,0x1035,0x1036,0x1037,0x1039,
0x103A,0x103D,0x103E,0x1058,0x1059,0x105E,0x105F,0x1060,
0x1071,0x1072,0x1073,0x1074,0x1082,0x1085,0x1086,0x108D,
0x109D,0x135D,0x135E,0x135F,0x1712,0x1713,0x1714,0x1732,
0x1733,0x1734,0x1752,0x1753,0x1772,0x1773,0x17B4,0x17B5,
0x17B7,0x17B8,0x17B9,0x17BA,0x17BB,0x17BC,0x17BD,0x17C6,
0x17C9,0x17CA,0x17CB,0x17CC,0x17CD,0x17CE,0x17CF,0x17D0,
0x17D1,0x17D2,0x17D3,0x17DD,0x180B,0x180C,0x180D,0x1885,
0x1886,0x18A9,0x1920,0x1921,0x1922,0x1927,0x1928,0x1932,
0x1939,0x193A,0x193B,0x1A17,0x1A18,0x1A1B,0x1A56,0x1A58,
0x1A59,0x1A5A,0x1A5B,0x1A5C,0x1A5D,0x1A5E,0x1A60,0x1A62,
0x1A65,0x1A66,0x1A67,0x1A68,0x1A69,0x1A6A,0x1A6B,0x1A6C,
0x1A73,0x1A74,0x1A75,0x1A76,0x1A77,0x1A78,0x1A79,0x1A7A,
0x1A7B,0x1A7C,0x1A7F,0x1AB0,0x1AB1,0x1AB2,0x1AB3,0x1AB4,
0x1AB5,0x1AB6,0x1AB7,0x1AB8,0x1AB9,0x1ABA,0x1ABB,0x1ABC,
0x1ABD,0x1B00,0x1B01,0x1B02,0x1B03,0x1B34,0x1B36,0x1B37,
0x1B38,0x1B39,0x1B3A,0x1B3C,0x1B42,0x1B6B,0x1B6C,0x1B6D,
0x1B6E,0x1B6F,0x1B70,0x1B71,0x1B72,0x1B73,0x1B80,0x1B81,
0x1BA2,0x1BA3,0x1BA4,0x1BA5,0x1BA8,0x1BA9,0x1BAB,0x1BAC,
0x1BAD,0x1BE6,0x1BE8,0x1BE9,0x1BED,0x1BEF,0x1BF0,0x1BF1,
0x1C2C,0x1C2D,0x1C2E,0x1C2F,0x1C30,0x1C31,0x1C32,0x1C33,
0x1C36,0x1C37,0x1CD0,0x1CD1,0x1CD2,0x1CD4,0x1CD5,0x1CD6,
0x1CD7,0x1CD8,0x1CD9,0x1CDA,0x1CDB,0x1CDC,0x1CDD,0x1CDE,
0x1CDF,0x1CE0,0x1CE2,0x1CE3,0x1CE4,0x1CE5,0x1CE6,0x1CE7,
0x1CE8,0x1CED,0x1CF4,0x1CF8,0x1CF9,0x1DC0,0x1DC1,0x1DC2,
0x1DC3,0x1DC4,0x1DC5,0x1DC6,0x1DC7,0x1DC8,0x1DC9,0x1DCA,
0x1DCB,0x1DCC,0x1DCD,0x1DCE,0x1DCF,0x1DD0,0x1DD1,0x1DD2,
0x1DD3,0x1DD4,0x1DD5,0x1DD6,0x1DD7,0x1DD8,0x1DD9,0x1DDA,
0x1DDB,0x1DDC,0x1DDD,0x1DDE,0x1DDF,0x1DE0,0x1DE1,0x1DE2,
0x1DE3,0x1DE4,0x1DE5,0x1DE6,0x1DE7,0x1DE8,0x1DE9,0x1DEA,
0x1DEB,0x1DEC,0x1DED,0x1DEE,0x1DEF,0x1DF0,0x1DF1,0x1DF2,
0x1DF3,0x1DF4,0x1DF5,0x1DFB,0x1DFC,0x1DFD,0x1DFE,0x1DFF,
0x20D0,0x20D1,0x20D2,0x20D3,0x20D4,0x20D5,0x20D6,0x20D7,
0x20D8,0x20D9,0x20DA,0x20DB,0x20DC,0x20E1,0x20E5,0x20E6,
0x20E7,0x20E8,0x20E9,0x20EA,0x20EB,0x20EC,0x20ED,0x20EE,
0x20EF,0x20F0,0x2CEF,0x2CF0,0x2CF1,0x2D7F,0x2DE0,0x2DE1,
0x2DE2,0x2DE3,0x2DE4,0x2DE5,0x2DE6,0x2DE7,0x2DE8,0x2DE9,
0x2DEA,0x2DEB,0x2DEC,0x2DED,0x2DEE,0x2DEF,0x2DF0,0x2DF1,
0x2DF2,0x2DF3,0x2DF4,0x2DF5,0x2DF6,0x2DF7,0x2DF8,0x2DF9,
0x2DFA,0x2DFB,0x2DFC,0x2DFD,0x2DFE,0x2DFF,0x302A,0x302B,
0x302C,0x302D,0x3099,0x309A,0xA66F,0xA674,0xA675,0xA676,
0xA677,0xA678,0xA679,0xA67A,0xA67B,0xA67C,0xA67D,0xA69E,
0xA69F,0xA6F0,0xA6F1,0xA802,0xA806,0xA80B,0xA825,0xA826,
0xA8C4,0xA8C5,0xA8E0,0xA8E1,0xA8E2,0xA8E3,0xA8E4,0xA8E5,
0xA8E6,0xA8E7,0xA8E8,0xA8E9,0xA8EA,0xA8EB,0xA8EC,0xA8ED,
0xA8EE,0xA8EF,0xA8F0,0xA8F1,0xA926,0xA927,0xA928,0xA929,
0xA92A,0xA92B,0xA92C,0xA92D,0xA947,0xA948,0xA949,0xA94A,
0xA94B,0xA94C,0xA94D,0xA94E,0xA94F,0xA950,0xA951,0xA980,
0xA981,0xA982,0xA9B3,0xA9B6,0xA9B7,0xA9B8,0xA9B9,0xA9BC,
0xA9E5,0xAA29,0xAA2A,0xAA2B,0xAA2C,0xAA2D,0xAA2E,0xAA31,
0xAA32,0xAA35,0xAA36,0xAA43,0xAA4C,0xAA7C,0xAAB0,0xAAB2,
0xAAB3,0xAAB4,0xAAB7,0xAAB8,0xAABE,0xAABF,0xAAC1,0xAAEC,
0xAAED,0xAAF6,0xABE5,0xABE8,0xABED,0xFB1E,0xFE00,0xFE01,
0xFE02,0xFE03,0xFE04,0xFE05,0xFE06,0xFE07,0xFE08,0xFE09,
0xFE0A,0xFE0B,0xFE0C,0xFE0D,0xFE0E,0xFE0F,0xFE20,0xFE21,
0xFE22,0xFE23,0xFE24,0xFE25,0xFE26,0xFE27,0xFE28,0xFE29,
0xFE2A,0xFE2B,0xFE2C,0xFE2D,0xFE2E,0xFE2F,
0x101FD,0x102E0,0x10376,0x10377,0x10378,0x10379,0x1037A,0x10A01,
0x10A02,0x10A03,0x10A05,0x10A06,0x10A0C,0x10A0D,0x10A0E,0x10A0F,
0x10A38,0x10A39,0x10A3A,0x10A3F,0x10AE5,0x10AE6,0x11001,0x11038,
0x11039,0x1103A,0x1103B,0x1103C,0x1103D,0x1103E,0x1103F,0x11040,
0x11041,0x11042,0x11043,0x11044,0x11045,0x11046,0x1107F,0x11080,
0x11081,0x110B3,0x110B4,0x110B5,0x110B6,0x110B9,0x110BA,0x11100,
0x11101,0x11102,0x11127,0x11128,0x11129,0x1112A,0x1112B,0x1112D,
0x1112E,0x1112F,0x11130,0x11131,0x11132,0x11133,0x11134,0x11173,
0x11180,0x11181,0x111B6,0x111B7,0x111B8,0x111B9,0x111BA,0x111BB,
0x111BC,0x111BD,0x111BE,0x111CA,0x111CB,0x111CC,0x1122F,0x11230,
0x11231,0x11234,0x11236,0x11237,0x1123E,0x112DF,0x112E3,0x112E4,
0x112E5,0x112E6,0x112E7,0x112E8,0x112E9,0x112EA,0x11300,0x11301,
0x1133C,0x11340,0x11366,0x11367,0x11368,0x11369,0x1136A,0x1136B,
0x1136C,0x11370,0x11371,0x11372,0x11373,0x11374,0x11438,0x11439,
0x1143A,0x1143B,0x1143C,0x1143D,0x1143E,0x1143F,0x11442,0x11443,
0x11444,0x11446,0x114B3,0x114B4,0x114B5,0x114B6,0x114B7,0x114B8,
0x114BA,0x114BF,0x114C0,0x114C2,0x114C3,0x115B2,0x115B3,0x115B4,
0x115B5,0x115BC,0x115BD,0x115BF,0x115C0,0x115DC,0x115DD,0x11633,
0x11634,0x11635,0x11636,0x11637,0x11638,0x11639,0x1163A,0x1163D,
0x1163F,0x11640,0x116AB,0x116AD,0x116B0,0x116B1,0x116B2,0x116B3,
0x116B4,0x116B5,0x116B7,0x1171D,0x1171E,0x1171F,0x11722,0x11723,
0x11724,0x11725,0x11727,0x11728,0x11729,0x1172A,0x1172B,0x11C30,
0x11C31,0x11C32,0x11C33,0x11C34,0x11C35,0x11C36,0x11C38,0x11C39,
0x11C3A,0x11C3B,0x11C3C,0x11C3D,0x11C3F,0x11C92,0x11C93,0x11C94,
0x11C95,0x11C96,0x11C97,0x11C98,0x11C99,0x11C9A,0x11C9B,0x11C9C,
0x11C9D,0x11C9E,0x11C9F,0x11CA0,0x11CA1,0x11CA2,0x11CA3,0x11CA4,
0x11CA5,0x11CA6,0x11CA7,0x11CAA,0x11CAB,0x11CAC,0x11CAD,0x11CAE,
0x11CAF,0x11CB0,0x11CB2,0x11CB3,0x11CB5,0x11CB6,0x16AF0,0x16AF1,
0x16AF2,0x16AF3,0x16AF4,0x16B30,0x16B31,0x16B32,0x16B33,0x16B34,
0x16B35,0x16B36,0x16F8F,0x16F90,0x16F91,0x16F92,0x1BC9D,0x1BC9E,
0x1D167,0x1D168,0x1D169,0x1D17B,0x1D17C,0x1D17D,0x1D17E,0x1D17F,
0x1D180,0x1D181,0x1D182,0x1D185,0x1D186,0x1D187,0x1D188,0x1D189,
0x1D18A,0x1D18B,0x1D1AA,0x1D1AB,0x1D1AC,0x1D1AD,0x1D242,0x1D243,
0x1D244,0x1DA00,0x1DA01,0x1DA02,0x1DA03,0x1DA04,0x1DA05,0x1DA06,
0x1DA07,0x1DA08,0x1DA09,0x1DA0A,0x1DA0B,0x1DA0C,0x1DA0D,0x1DA0E,
0x1DA0F,0x1DA10,0x1DA11,0x1DA12,0x1DA13,0x1DA14,0x1DA15,0x1DA16,
0x1DA17,0x1DA18,0x1DA19,0x1DA1A,0x1DA1B,0x1DA1C,0x1DA1D,0x1DA1E,
0x1DA1F,0x1DA20,0x1DA21,0x1DA22,0x1DA23,0x1DA24,0x1DA25,0x1DA26,
0x1DA27,0x1DA28,0x1DA29,0x1DA2A,0x1DA2B,0x1DA2C,0x1DA2D,0x1DA2E,
0x1DA2F,0x1DA30,0x1DA31,0x1DA32,0x1DA33,0x1DA34,0x1DA35,0x1DA36,
0x1DA3B,0x1DA3C,0x1DA3D,0x1DA3E,0x1DA3F,0x1DA40,0x1DA41,0x1DA42,
0x1DA43,0x1DA44,0x1DA45,0x1DA46,0x1DA47,0x1DA48,0x1DA49,0x1DA4A,
0x1DA4B,0x1DA4C,0x1DA4D,0x1DA4E,0x1DA4F,0x1DA50,0x1DA51,0x1DA52,
0x1DA53,0x1DA54,0x1DA55,0x1DA56,0x1DA57,0x1DA58,0x1DA59,0x1DA5A,
0x1DA5B,0x1DA5C,0x1DA5D,0x1DA5E,0x1DA5F,0x1DA60,0x1DA61,0x1DA62,
0x1DA63,0x1DA64,0x1DA65,0x1DA66,0x1DA67,0x1DA68,0x1DA69,0x1DA6A,
0x1DA6B,0x1DA6C,0x1DA75,0x1DA84,0x1DA9B,0x1DA9C,0x1DA9D,0x1DA9E,
0x1DA9F,0x1DAA1,0x1DAA2,0x1DAA3,0x1DAA4,0x1DAA5,0x1DAA6,0x1DAA7,
0x1DAA8,0x1DAA9,0x1DAAA,0x1DAAB,0x1DAAC,0x1DAAD,0x1DAAE,0x1DAAF,
0x1E000,0x1E001,0x1E002,0x1E003,0x1E004,0x1E005,0x1E006,0x1E008,
0x1E009,0x1E00A,0x1E00B,0x1E00C,0x1E00D,0x1E00E,0x1E00F,0x1E010,
0x1E011,0x1E012,0x1E013,0x1E014,0x1E015,0x1E016,0x1E017,0x1E018,
0x1E01B,0x1E01C,0x1E01D,0x1E01E,0x1E01F,0x1E020,0x1E021,0x1E023,
0x1E024,0x1E026,0x1E027,0x1E028,0x1E029,0x1E02A,0x1E8D0,0x1E8D1,
0x1E8D2,0x1E8D3,0x1E8D4,0x1E8D5,0x1E8D6,0x1E944,0x1E945,0x1E946,
0x1E947,0x1E948,0x1E949,0x1E94A,0xE0100,0xE0101,0xE0102,0xE0103,
0xE0104,0xE0105,0xE0106,0xE0107,0xE0108,0xE0109,0xE010A,0xE010B,
0xE010C,0xE010D,0xE010E,0xE010F,0xE0110,0xE0111,0xE0112,0xE0113,
0xE0114,0xE0115,0xE0116,0xE0117,0xE0118,0xE0119,0xE011A,0xE011B,
0xE011C,0xE011D,0xE011E,0xE011F,0xE0120,0xE0121,0xE0122,0xE0123,
0xE0124,0xE0125,0xE0126,0xE0127,0xE0128,0xE0129,0xE012A,0xE012B,
0xE012C,0xE012D,0xE012E,0xE012F,0xE0130,0xE0131,0xE0132,0xE0133,
0xE0134,0xE0135,0xE0136,0xE0137,0xE0138,0xE0139,0xE013A,0xE013B,
0xE013C,0xE013D,0xE013E,0xE013F,0xE0140,0xE0141,0xE0142,0xE0143,
0xE0144,0xE0145,0xE0146,0xE0147,0xE0148,0xE0149,0xE014A,0xE014B,
0xE014C,0xE014D,0xE014E,0xE014F,0xE0150,0xE0151,0xE0152,0xE0153,
0xE0154,0xE0155,0xE0156,0xE0157,0xE0158,0xE0159,0xE015A,0xE015B,
0xE015C,0xE015D,0xE015E,0xE015F,0xE0160,0xE0161,0xE0162,0xE0163,
0xE0164,0xE0165,0xE0166,0xE0167,0xE0168,0xE0169,0xE016A,0xE016B,
0xE016C,0xE016D,0xE016E,0xE016F,0xE0170,0xE0171,0xE0172,0xE0173,
0xE0174,0xE0175,0xE0176,0xE0177,0xE0178,0xE0179,0xE017A,0xE017B,
0xE017C,0xE017D,0xE017E,0xE017F,0xE0180,0xE0181,0xE0182,0xE0183,
0xE0184,0xE0185,0xE0186,0xE0187,0xE0188,0xE0189,0xE018A,0xE018B,
0xE018C,0xE018D,0xE018E,0xE018F,0xE0190,0xE0191,0xE0192,0xE0193,
0xE0194,0xE0195,0xE0196,0xE0197,0xE0198,0xE0199,0xE019A,0xE019B,
0xE019C,0xE019D,0xE019E,0xE019F,0xE01A0,0xE01A1,0xE01A2,0xE01A3,
0xE01A4,0xE01A5,0xE01A6,0xE01A7,0xE01A8,0xE01A9,0xE01AA,0xE01AB,
0xE01AC,0xE01AD,0xE01AE,0xE01AF,0xE01B0,0xE01B1,0xE01B2,0xE01B3,
0xE01B4,0xE01B5,0xE01B6,0xE01B7,0xE01B8,0xE01B9,0xE01BA,0xE01BB,
0xE01BC,0xE01BD,0xE01BE,0xE01BF,0xE01C0,0xE01C1,0xE01C2,0xE01C3,
0xE01C4,0xE01C5,0xE01C6,0xE01C7,0xE01C8,0xE01C9,0xE01CA,0xE01CB,
0xE01CC,0xE01CD,0xE01CE,0xE01CF,0xE01D0,0xE01D1,0xE01D2,0xE01D3,
0xE01D4,0xE01D5,0xE01D6,0xE01D7,0xE01D8,0xE01D9,0xE01DA,0xE01DB,
0xE01DC,0xE01DD,0xE01DE,0xE01DF,0xE01E0,0xE01E1,0xE01E2,0xE01E3,
0xE01E4,0xE01E5,0xE01E6,0xE01E7,0xE01E8,0xE01E9,0xE01EA,0xE01EB,
0xE01EC,0xE01ED,0xE01EE,0xE01EF,
};
const size_t bc_history_combo_chars_len =
sizeof(bc_history_combo_chars) / sizeof(bc_history_combo_chars[0]);
#if BC_DEBUG_CODE
BcFile bc_history_debug_fp;
char *bc_history_debug_buf;
#endif // BC_DEBUG_CODE
#endif // BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
const char bc_func_main[] = "(main)";
const char bc_func_read[] = "(read)";
#if BC_DEBUG_CODE
const char* bc_inst_names[] = {
#if BC_ENABLED
"BC_INST_INC",
"BC_INST_DEC",
#endif // BC_ENABLED
"BC_INST_NEG",
"BC_INST_BOOL_NOT",
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
"BC_INST_TRUNC",
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
"BC_INST_POWER",
"BC_INST_MULTIPLY",
"BC_INST_DIVIDE",
"BC_INST_MODULUS",
"BC_INST_PLUS",
"BC_INST_MINUS",
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
"BC_INST_PLACES",
"BC_INST_LSHIFT",
"BC_INST_RSHIFT",
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
"BC_INST_REL_EQ",
"BC_INST_REL_LE",
"BC_INST_REL_GE",
"BC_INST_REL_NE",
"BC_INST_REL_LT",
"BC_INST_REL_GT",
"BC_INST_BOOL_OR",
"BC_INST_BOOL_AND",
#if BC_ENABLED
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_POWER",
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_MULTIPLY",
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_DIVIDE",
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_MODULUS",
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_PLUS",
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_MINUS",
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_PLACES",
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_LSHIFT",
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_RSHIFT",
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
"BC_INST_ASSIGN",
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_POWER_NO_VAL",
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_MULTIPLY_NO_VAL",
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_DIVIDE_NO_VAL",
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_MODULUS_NO_VAL",
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_PLUS_NO_VAL",
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_MINUS_NO_VAL",
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_PLACES_NO_VAL",
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_LSHIFT_NO_VAL",
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_RSHIFT_NO_VAL",
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
#endif // BC_ENABLED
"BC_INST_ASSIGN_NO_VAL",
"BC_INST_NUM",
"BC_INST_VAR",
"BC_INST_ARRAY_ELEM",
#if BC_ENABLED
"BC_INST_ARRAY",
#endif // BC_ENABLED
+ "BC_INST_ZERO",
"BC_INST_ONE",
#if BC_ENABLED
"BC_INST_LAST",
#endif // BC_ENABLED
"BC_INST_IBASE",
"BC_INST_OBASE",
"BC_INST_SCALE",
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
"BC_INST_SEED",
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
"BC_INST_LENGTH",
"BC_INST_SCALE_FUNC",
"BC_INST_SQRT",
"BC_INST_ABS",
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
"BC_INST_IRAND",
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
"BC_INST_READ",
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
"BC_INST_RAND",
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
"BC_INST_MAXIBASE",
"BC_INST_MAXOBASE",
"BC_INST_MAXSCALE",
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
"BC_INST_MAXRAND",
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
"BC_INST_PRINT",
"BC_INST_PRINT_POP",
"BC_INST_STR",
"BC_INST_PRINT_STR",
#if BC_ENABLED
"BC_INST_JUMP",
"BC_INST_JUMP_ZERO",
"BC_INST_CALL",
"BC_INST_RET",
"BC_INST_RET0",
"BC_INST_RET_VOID",
"BC_INST_HALT",
#endif // BC_ENABLED
#if DC_ENABLED
"BC_INST_POP",
"BC_INST_POP_EXEC",
"BC_INST_MODEXP",
"BC_INST_DIVMOD",
"BC_INST_EXECUTE",
"BC_INST_EXEC_COND",
"BC_INST_ASCIIFY",
"BC_INST_PRINT_STREAM",
"BC_INST_PRINT_STACK",
"BC_INST_CLEAR_STACK",
"BC_INST_STACK_LEN",
"BC_INST_DUPLICATE",
"BC_INST_SWAP",
"BC_INST_LOAD",
"BC_INST_PUSH_VAR",
"BC_INST_PUSH_TO_VAR",
"BC_INST_QUIT",
"BC_INST_NQUIT",
#endif // DC_ENABLED
};
#endif // BC_DEBUG_CODE
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
const BcRandState bc_rand_multiplier = BC_RAND_MULTIPLIER;
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
#if BC_ENABLED
const BcLexKeyword bc_lex_kws[] = {
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("auto", 4, true),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("break", 5, true),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("continue", 8, false),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("define", 6, true),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("for", 3, true),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("if", 2, true),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("limits", 6, false),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("return", 6, true),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("while", 5, true),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("halt", 4, false),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("last", 4, false),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("ibase", 5, true),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("obase", 5, true),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("scale", 5, true),
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("seed", 4, false),
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("length", 6, true),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("print", 5, false),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("sqrt", 4, true),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("abs", 3, false),
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("irand", 5, false),
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("quit", 4, true),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("read", 4, false),
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("rand", 4, false),
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("maxibase", 8, false),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("maxobase", 8, false),
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("maxscale", 8, false),
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("maxrand", 7, false),
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_ENTRY("else", 4, false),
};
const size_t bc_lex_kws_len = sizeof(bc_lex_kws) / sizeof(BcLexKeyword);
const char* const bc_parse_const1 = "1";
// This is an array that corresponds to token types. An entry is
// true if the token is valid in an expression, false otherwise.
const uint8_t bc_parse_exprs[] = {
BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true),
BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true),
BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true),
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true),
BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(true, true, false, false, true, true, false, false),
BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false),
BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false),
BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(false, true, true, true, true, true, true, false),
BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(true, true, true, false, true, true, true, true),
BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(true, true, false, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
-#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#elif BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
+ BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true),
+ BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(true, true, false, false, true, true, false, false),
+ BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(false, false, false, false, false, true, true, false),
+ BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false),
+ BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(false, true, true, true, true, true, false, true),
+ BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(true, false, true, true, true, true, false, 0),
+#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(true, true, true, false, false, true, true, false),
BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(false, false, false, false, false, false, true, true),
BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false),
BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(false, false, true, true, true, true, true, false),
BC_PARSE_EXPR_ENTRY(true, true, false, true, true, true, true, false)
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
};
// This is an array of data for operators that correspond to token types.
const uchar bc_parse_ops[] = {
BC_PARSE_OP(0, false), BC_PARSE_OP(0, false),
BC_PARSE_OP(1, false), BC_PARSE_OP(1, false),
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_PARSE_OP(2, false),
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_PARSE_OP(4, false),
BC_PARSE_OP(5, true), BC_PARSE_OP(5, true), BC_PARSE_OP(5, true),
BC_PARSE_OP(6, true), BC_PARSE_OP(6, true),
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_PARSE_OP(3, false),
BC_PARSE_OP(7, true), BC_PARSE_OP(7, true),
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_PARSE_OP(9, true), BC_PARSE_OP(9, true), BC_PARSE_OP(9, true),
BC_PARSE_OP(9, true), BC_PARSE_OP(9, true), BC_PARSE_OP(9, true),
BC_PARSE_OP(11, true), BC_PARSE_OP(10, true),
BC_PARSE_OP(8, false), BC_PARSE_OP(8, false), BC_PARSE_OP(8, false),
BC_PARSE_OP(8, false), BC_PARSE_OP(8, false), BC_PARSE_OP(8, false),
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_PARSE_OP(8, false), BC_PARSE_OP(8, false), BC_PARSE_OP(8, false),
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_PARSE_OP(8, false),
};
// These identify what tokens can come after expressions in certain cases.
const BcParseNext bc_parse_next_expr =
BC_PARSE_NEXT(4, BC_LEX_NLINE, BC_LEX_SCOLON, BC_LEX_RBRACE, BC_LEX_EOF);
const BcParseNext bc_parse_next_param =
BC_PARSE_NEXT(2, BC_LEX_RPAREN, BC_LEX_COMMA);
const BcParseNext bc_parse_next_print =
BC_PARSE_NEXT(4, BC_LEX_COMMA, BC_LEX_NLINE, BC_LEX_SCOLON, BC_LEX_EOF);
const BcParseNext bc_parse_next_rel = BC_PARSE_NEXT(1, BC_LEX_RPAREN);
const BcParseNext bc_parse_next_elem = BC_PARSE_NEXT(1, BC_LEX_RBRACKET);
const BcParseNext bc_parse_next_for = BC_PARSE_NEXT(1, BC_LEX_SCOLON);
const BcParseNext bc_parse_next_read =
BC_PARSE_NEXT(2, BC_LEX_NLINE, BC_LEX_EOF);
#endif // BC_ENABLED
#if DC_ENABLED
const uint8_t dc_lex_regs[] = {
BC_LEX_OP_REL_EQ, BC_LEX_OP_REL_LE, BC_LEX_OP_REL_GE, BC_LEX_OP_REL_NE,
BC_LEX_OP_REL_LT, BC_LEX_OP_REL_GT, BC_LEX_SCOLON, BC_LEX_COLON,
BC_LEX_KW_ELSE, BC_LEX_LOAD, BC_LEX_LOAD_POP, BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN,
BC_LEX_STORE_PUSH,
};
const size_t dc_lex_regs_len = sizeof(dc_lex_regs) / sizeof(uint8_t);
const uchar dc_lex_tokens[] = {
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && DC_ENABLE_RAND
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_IRAND,
-#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && DC_ENABLE_RAND
+#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_INVALID,
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && DC_ENABLE_RAND
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_INVALID,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_OP_TRUNC,
#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_INVALID,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_OP_MODULUS, BC_LEX_INVALID,
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && DC_ENABLE_RAND
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_RAND,
-#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && DC_ENABLE_RAND
+#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_INVALID,
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && DC_ENABLE_RAND
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_LPAREN, BC_LEX_RPAREN, BC_LEX_OP_MULTIPLY, BC_LEX_OP_PLUS,
BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_OP_MINUS, BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_OP_DIVIDE,
BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_INVALID,
BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_INVALID,
BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_INVALID,
BC_LEX_COLON, BC_LEX_SCOLON, BC_LEX_OP_REL_GT, BC_LEX_OP_REL_EQ,
BC_LEX_OP_REL_LT, BC_LEX_KW_READ,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_OP_PLACES,
#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_INVALID,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_INVALID,
BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_EQ_NO_REG,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_OP_LSHIFT,
#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_INVALID,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_KW_IBASE,
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && DC_ENABLE_RAND
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_SEED,
-#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && DC_ENABLE_RAND
+#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_INVALID,
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && DC_ENABLE_RAND
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_SCALE, BC_LEX_LOAD_POP, BC_LEX_OP_BOOL_AND, BC_LEX_OP_BOOL_NOT,
BC_LEX_KW_OBASE, BC_LEX_PRINT_STREAM, BC_LEX_NQUIT, BC_LEX_POP,
BC_LEX_STORE_PUSH, BC_LEX_KW_MAXIBASE, BC_LEX_KW_MAXOBASE,
BC_LEX_KW_MAXSCALE,
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && DC_ENABLE_RAND
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_KW_MAXRAND,
-#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && DC_ENABLE_RAND
+#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_INVALID,
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && DC_ENABLE_RAND
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_SCALE_FACTOR,
BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_KW_LENGTH, BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_INVALID,
BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_OP_POWER, BC_LEX_NEG, BC_LEX_INVALID,
BC_LEX_ASCIIFY, BC_LEX_KW_ABS, BC_LEX_CLEAR_STACK, BC_LEX_DUPLICATE,
BC_LEX_KW_ELSE, BC_LEX_PRINT_STACK, BC_LEX_INVALID,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_OP_RSHIFT,
#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_INVALID,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_LEX_STORE_IBASE,
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && DC_ENABLE_RAND
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_STORE_SEED,
-#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && DC_ENABLE_RAND
+#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_INVALID,
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && DC_ENABLE_RAND
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_LEX_STORE_SCALE, BC_LEX_LOAD,
BC_LEX_OP_BOOL_OR, BC_LEX_PRINT_POP, BC_LEX_STORE_OBASE, BC_LEX_KW_PRINT,
BC_LEX_KW_QUIT, BC_LEX_SWAP, BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN, BC_LEX_INVALID,
BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_KW_SQRT, BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_EXECUTE,
BC_LEX_INVALID, BC_LEX_STACK_LEVEL,
BC_LEX_LBRACE, BC_LEX_OP_MODEXP, BC_LEX_RBRACE, BC_LEX_OP_DIVMOD,
BC_LEX_INVALID
};
const uchar dc_parse_insts[] = {
BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID,
#if BC_ENABLED
BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID,
#endif // BC_ENABLED
BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_BOOL_NOT,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_INST_TRUNC,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_INST_POWER, BC_INST_MULTIPLY, BC_INST_DIVIDE, BC_INST_MODULUS,
BC_INST_PLUS, BC_INST_MINUS,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_INST_PLACES,
BC_INST_LSHIFT, BC_INST_RSHIFT,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID,
BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID,
BC_INST_BOOL_OR, BC_INST_BOOL_AND,
#if BC_ENABLED
BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID,
BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
#endif // BC_ENABLED
BC_INST_INVALID,
BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_REL_GT, BC_INST_REL_LT,
BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_REL_GE,
BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_REL_LE,
BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID,
#if BC_ENABLED
BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID,
BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID,
BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID,
#endif // BC_ENABLED
BC_INST_IBASE, BC_INST_OBASE, BC_INST_SCALE,
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_INST_SEED,
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_INST_LENGTH, BC_INST_PRINT,
BC_INST_SQRT, BC_INST_ABS,
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_INST_IRAND,
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_INST_QUIT, BC_INST_INVALID,
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_INST_RAND,
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_INST_MAXIBASE,
BC_INST_MAXOBASE, BC_INST_MAXSCALE,
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_INST_MAXRAND,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_INST_INVALID,
BC_INST_REL_EQ, BC_INST_MODEXP, BC_INST_DIVMOD, BC_INST_INVALID,
BC_INST_EXECUTE, BC_INST_PRINT_STACK, BC_INST_CLEAR_STACK,
BC_INST_STACK_LEN, BC_INST_DUPLICATE, BC_INST_SWAP, BC_INST_POP,
BC_INST_ASCIIFY, BC_INST_PRINT_STREAM,
BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_INST_INVALID,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID, BC_INST_INVALID,
BC_INST_PRINT_POP, BC_INST_NQUIT, BC_INST_SCALE_FUNC,
};
#endif // DC_ENABLED
#if BC_LONG_BIT >= 64
const BcDig bc_num_bigdigMax[] = {
709551616U,
446744073U,
18U
};
#else // BC_LONG_BIT >= 64
const BcDig bc_num_bigdigMax[] = {
7296U,
9496U,
42U,
};
#endif // BC_LONG_BIT >= 64
const size_t bc_num_bigdigMax_size = sizeof(bc_num_bigdigMax) / sizeof(BcDig);
+const char bc_parse_zero[] = "0";
const char bc_parse_one[] = "1";
const char bc_num_hex_digits[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
const BcBigDig bc_num_pow10[BC_BASE_DIGS + 1] = {
1,
10,
100,
1000,
10000,
#if BC_BASE_DIGS > 4
100000,
1000000,
10000000,
100000000,
1000000000,
#endif // BC_BASE_DIGS > 4
};
const BcNumBinaryOp bc_program_ops[] = {
bc_num_pow, bc_num_mul, bc_num_div, bc_num_mod, bc_num_add, bc_num_sub,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
bc_num_places, bc_num_lshift, bc_num_rshift,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
};
const BcNumBinaryOpReq bc_program_opReqs[] = {
bc_num_powReq, bc_num_mulReq, bc_num_mulReq, bc_num_mulReq,
bc_num_addReq, bc_num_addReq,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
bc_num_placesReq, bc_num_placesReq, bc_num_placesReq,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
};
const BcProgramUnary bc_program_unarys[] = {
bc_program_negate, bc_program_not,
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
bc_program_trunc,
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
};
const char bc_program_exprs_name[] = "<exprs>";
const char bc_program_stdin_name[] = "<stdin>";
const char bc_program_ready_msg[] = "ready for more input\n";
const size_t bc_program_ready_msg_len = sizeof(bc_program_ready_msg) - 1;
const char bc_program_esc_chars[] = "ab\\efnqrt";
const char bc_program_esc_seqs[] = "\a\b\\\\\f\n\"\r\t";
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/data.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/dc/dc.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/dc/dc.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/dc/dc.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,57 +1,57 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
- * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
*
- * All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* The main procedure of dc.
*
*/
#if DC_ENABLED
#include <string.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <dc.h>
#include <vm.h>
void dc_main(int argc, char **argv) {
vm.read_ret = BC_INST_POP_EXEC;
vm.help = dc_help;
vm.sigmsg = dc_sig_msg;
vm.siglen = dc_sig_msg_len;
vm.next = dc_lex_token;
vm.parse = dc_parse_parse;
vm.expr = dc_parse_expr;
bc_vm_boot(argc, argv, "DC_LINE_LENGTH", "DC_ENV_ARGS", "DC_EXPR_EXIT");
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/dc/dc.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/dc/lex.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/dc/lex.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/dc/lex.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,202 +1,202 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
- * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
*
- * All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* The lexer for dc.
*
*/
#if DC_ENABLED
#include <ctype.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <lex.h>
#include <dc.h>
#include <vm.h>
bool dc_lex_negCommand(BcLex *l) {
char c = l->buf[l->i];
return !BC_LEX_NUM_CHAR(c, false, false);
}
static void dc_lex_register(BcLex *l) {
if (DC_X && isspace(l->buf[l->i - 1])) {
char c;
bc_lex_whitespace(l);
c = l->buf[l->i];
if (!isalnum(c) && c != '_')
bc_lex_verr(l, BC_ERROR_PARSE_CHAR, c);
l->i += 1;
bc_lex_name(l);
}
else {
bc_vec_npop(&l->str, l->str.len);
bc_vec_pushByte(&l->str, (uchar) l->buf[l->i - 1]);
bc_vec_pushByte(&l->str, '\0');
l->t = BC_LEX_NAME;
}
}
static void dc_lex_string(BcLex *l) {
size_t depth = 1, nls = 0, i = l->i;
char c;
l->t = BC_LEX_STR;
bc_vec_npop(&l->str, l->str.len);
for (; (c = l->buf[i]) && depth; ++i) {
if (c == '\\') {
c = l->buf[++i];
if (!c) break;
}
else {
depth += (c == '[');
depth -= (c == ']');
}
nls += (c == '\n');
if (depth) bc_vec_push(&l->str, &c);
}
if (BC_ERR(c == '\0' && depth)) {
l->i = i;
bc_lex_err(l, BC_ERROR_PARSE_STRING);
}
bc_vec_pushByte(&l->str, '\0');
l->i = i;
l->line += nls;
}
void dc_lex_token(BcLex *l) {
char c = l->buf[l->i++], c2;
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < dc_lex_regs_len; ++i) {
if (l->last == dc_lex_regs[i]) {
dc_lex_register(l);
return;
}
}
if (c >= '"' && c <= '~' &&
(l->t = dc_lex_tokens[(c - '"')]) != BC_LEX_INVALID)
{
return;
}
// This is the workhorse of the lexer.
switch (c) {
case '\0':
case '\n':
case '\t':
case '\v':
case '\f':
case '\r':
case ' ':
{
bc_lex_commonTokens(l, c);
break;
}
case '!':
{
c2 = l->buf[l->i];
if (c2 == '=') l->t = BC_LEX_OP_REL_NE;
else if (c2 == '<') l->t = BC_LEX_OP_REL_LE;
else if (c2 == '>') l->t = BC_LEX_OP_REL_GE;
else bc_lex_invalidChar(l, c);
l->i += 1;
break;
}
case '#':
{
bc_lex_lineComment(l);
break;
}
case '.':
{
c2 = l->buf[l->i];
if (BC_NO_ERR(BC_LEX_NUM_CHAR(c2, true, false)))
bc_lex_number(l, c);
else bc_lex_invalidChar(l, c);
break;
}
case '0':
case '1':
case '2':
case '3':
case '4':
case '5':
case '6':
case '7':
case '8':
case '9':
case 'A':
case 'B':
case 'C':
case 'D':
case 'E':
case 'F':
{
bc_lex_number(l, c);
break;
}
case '[':
{
dc_lex_string(l);
break;
}
default:
{
bc_lex_invalidChar(l, c);
}
}
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/dc/lex.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/dc/parse.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/dc/parse.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/dc/parse.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,236 +1,236 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* The parser for dc.
*
*/
#if DC_ENABLED
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <parse.h>
#include <dc.h>
#include <program.h>
#include <vm.h>
static void dc_parse_register(BcParse *p, bool var) {
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (p->l.t != BC_LEX_NAME) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
bc_parse_pushName(p, p->l.str.v, var);
}
static inline void dc_parse_string(BcParse *p) {
bc_parse_addString(p);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
static void dc_parse_mem(BcParse *p, uchar inst, bool name, bool store) {
bc_parse_push(p, inst);
if (name) dc_parse_register(p, inst != BC_INST_ARRAY_ELEM);
if (store) {
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_SWAP);
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_ASSIGN_NO_VAL);
}
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
static void dc_parse_cond(BcParse *p, uchar inst) {
bc_parse_push(p, inst);
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_EXEC_COND);
dc_parse_register(p, true);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
if (p->l.t == BC_LEX_KW_ELSE) {
dc_parse_register(p, true);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
else bc_parse_pushIndex(p, SIZE_MAX);
}
static void dc_parse_token(BcParse *p, BcLexType t, uint8_t flags) {
uchar inst;
bool assign, get_token = false;
switch (t) {
case BC_LEX_OP_REL_EQ:
case BC_LEX_OP_REL_LE:
case BC_LEX_OP_REL_GE:
case BC_LEX_OP_REL_NE:
case BC_LEX_OP_REL_LT:
case BC_LEX_OP_REL_GT:
{
inst = (uchar) (t - BC_LEX_OP_REL_EQ + BC_INST_REL_EQ);
dc_parse_cond(p, inst);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_SCOLON:
case BC_LEX_COLON:
{
dc_parse_mem(p, BC_INST_ARRAY_ELEM, true, t == BC_LEX_COLON);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_STR:
{
dc_parse_string(p);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_NEG:
{
if (dc_lex_negCommand(&p->l)) {
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_NEG);
get_token = true;
break;
}
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
// Fallthrough.
case BC_LEX_NUMBER:
{
bc_parse_number(p);
if (t == BC_LEX_NEG) bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_NEG);
get_token = true;
break;
}
case BC_LEX_KW_READ:
{
if (BC_ERR(flags & BC_PARSE_NOREAD))
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_EXEC_REC_READ);
else bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_READ);
get_token = true;
break;
}
case BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN:
case BC_LEX_STORE_PUSH:
{
assign = t == BC_LEX_OP_ASSIGN;
inst = assign ? BC_INST_VAR : BC_INST_PUSH_TO_VAR;
dc_parse_mem(p, inst, true, assign);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_LOAD:
case BC_LEX_LOAD_POP:
{
inst = t == BC_LEX_LOAD_POP ? BC_INST_PUSH_VAR : BC_INST_LOAD;
dc_parse_mem(p, inst, true, false);
break;
}
case BC_LEX_STORE_IBASE:
case BC_LEX_STORE_OBASE:
case BC_LEX_STORE_SCALE:
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
case BC_LEX_STORE_SEED:
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
{
inst = (uchar) (t - BC_LEX_STORE_IBASE + BC_INST_IBASE);
dc_parse_mem(p, inst, false, true);
break;
}
default:
{
bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_TOKEN);
}
}
if (get_token) bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
void dc_parse_expr(BcParse *p, uint8_t flags) {
BcInst inst;
BcLexType t;
bool have_expr = false, need_expr = (flags & BC_PARSE_NOREAD) != 0;
while ((t = p->l.t) != BC_LEX_EOF) {
if (t == BC_LEX_NLINE) {
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
continue;
}
inst = dc_parse_insts[t];
if (inst != BC_INST_INVALID) {
bc_parse_push(p, inst);
bc_lex_next(&p->l);
}
else dc_parse_token(p, t, flags);
have_expr = true;
}
if (BC_ERR(need_expr && !have_expr))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_READ_EXPR);
else if (p->l.t == BC_LEX_EOF && (flags & BC_PARSE_NOCALL))
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_POP_EXEC);
}
void dc_parse_parse(BcParse *p) {
assert(p != NULL);
BC_SETJMP(exit);
if (BC_ERR(p->l.t == BC_LEX_EOF)) bc_parse_err(p, BC_ERROR_PARSE_EOF);
else dc_parse_expr(p, 0);
exit:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
- if (BC_ERR(vm.status)) bc_parse_reset(p);
+ if (BC_ERR(vm.status || vm.sig)) bc_parse_reset(p);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/dc/parse.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/dc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/dc (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/dc (revision 362987)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/dc
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:ignore
## -1,23 +0,0 ##
-*.sh
-*.yml
-*.py
-.git
-.gitignore
-.svnignore
-*.utf8.msg
-Makefile
-tests
-de_AT.*
-de_CH.*
-en_AU.*
-en_CA.*
-en_GB.*
-en_IE.*
-en_NZ.*
-fr_BE.*
-fr_CA.*
-fr_CH.*
-*.ISO8859-15.msg
-en_US.ISO8859-1.msg
-en_US.US-ASCII.msg
-en_US.US_ASCII.msg
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/file.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/file.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/file.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,225 +1,225 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
- * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
*
- * All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Code for implementing buffered I/O on my own terms.
*
*/
#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <file.h>
#include <vm.h>
void bc_file_ultoa(unsigned long long val, char buf[BC_FILE_ULL_LENGTH]) {
char buf2[BC_FILE_ULL_LENGTH];
size_t i, len;
memset(buf2, 0, BC_FILE_ULL_LENGTH);
// The i = 1 is to ensure that there is a null byte at the end.
for (i = 1; val; ++i) {
unsigned long long mod = val % 10;
buf2[i] = ((char) mod) + '0';
val /= 10;
}
len = i;
for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) buf[i] = buf2[len - i - 1];
}
static BcStatus bc_file_output(int fd, const char *buf, size_t n) {
size_t bytes = 0;
sig_atomic_t lock;
BC_SIG_TRYLOCK(lock);
while (bytes < n) {
ssize_t written = write(fd, buf + bytes, n - bytes);
if (BC_ERR(written == -1))
return errno == EPIPE ? BC_STATUS_EOF : BC_STATUS_ERROR_FATAL;
bytes += (size_t) written;
}
BC_SIG_TRYUNLOCK(lock);
return BC_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}
BcStatus bc_file_flushErr(BcFile *restrict f) {
BcStatus s;
if (f->len) {
s = bc_file_output(f->fd, f->buf, f->len);
f->len = 0;
}
else s = BC_STATUS_SUCCESS;
return s;
}
void bc_file_flush(BcFile *restrict f) {
BcStatus s = bc_file_flushErr(f);
if (BC_ERR(s)) {
if (s == BC_STATUS_EOF) {
vm.status = (sig_atomic_t) s;
BC_VM_JMP;
}
else bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_FATAL_IO_ERR);
}
}
void bc_file_write(BcFile *restrict f, const char *buf, size_t n) {
if (n > f->cap - f->len) {
bc_file_flush(f);
assert(!f->len);
}
if (BC_UNLIKELY(n > f->cap - f->len)) bc_file_output(f->fd, buf, n);
else {
memcpy(f->buf + f->len, buf, n);
f->len += n;
}
}
void bc_file_printf(BcFile *restrict f, const char *fmt, ...) {
va_list args;
va_start(args, fmt);
bc_file_vprintf(f, fmt, args);
va_end(args);
}
void bc_file_vprintf(BcFile *restrict f, const char *fmt, va_list args) {
char *percent;
const char *ptr = fmt;
char buf[BC_FILE_ULL_LENGTH];
while ((percent = strchr(ptr, '%')) != NULL) {
char c;
if (percent != ptr) {
size_t len = (size_t) (percent - ptr);
bc_file_write(f, ptr, len);
}
c = percent[1];
if (c == 'c') {
uchar uc = (uchar) va_arg(args, int);
bc_file_putchar(f, uc);
}
else if (c == 's') {
char *s = va_arg(args, char*);
bc_file_puts(f, s);
}
#if BC_DEBUG_CODE
else if (c == 'd') {
int d = va_arg(args, int);
if (d < 0) {
bc_file_putchar(f, '-');
d = -d;
}
if (!d) bc_file_putchar(f, '0');
else {
bc_file_ultoa((unsigned long long) d, buf);
bc_file_puts(f, buf);
}
}
#endif // BC_DEBUG_CODE
else {
unsigned long long ull;
assert((c == 'l' || c == 'z') && percent[2] == 'u');
if (c == 'z') ull = (unsigned long long) va_arg(args, size_t);
else ull = (unsigned long long) va_arg(args, unsigned long);
if (!ull) bc_file_putchar(f, '0');
else {
bc_file_ultoa(ull, buf);
bc_file_puts(f, buf);
}
}
ptr = percent + 2 + (c == 'l' || c == 'z');
}
if (ptr[0]) bc_file_puts(f, ptr);
}
void bc_file_puts(BcFile *restrict f, const char *str) {
bc_file_write(f, str, strlen(str));
}
void bc_file_putchar(BcFile *restrict f, uchar c) {
if (f->len == f->cap) bc_file_flush(f);
assert(f->len < f->cap);
f->buf[f->len] = (char) c;
f->len += 1;
}
void bc_file_init(BcFile *f, int fd, char *buf, size_t cap) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
f->fd = fd;
f->buf = buf;
f->len = 0;
f->cap = cap;
}
void bc_file_free(BcFile *f) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
bc_file_flush(f);
}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/file.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/history/history.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/history/history.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/history/history.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,1450 +1,1450 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Adapted from the following:
*
* linenoise.c -- guerrilla line editing library against the idea that a
* line editing lib needs to be 20,000 lines of C code.
*
* You can find the original source code at:
* http://github.com/antirez/linenoise
*
* You can find the fork that this code is based on at:
* https://github.com/rain-1/linenoise-mob
*
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* This code is also under the following license:
*
* Copyright (c) 2010-2016, Salvatore Sanfilippo <antirez at gmail dot com>
* Copyright (c) 2010-2013, Pieter Noordhuis <pcnoordhuis at gmail dot com>
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
* met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* Does a number of crazy assumptions that happen to be true in 99.9999% of
* the 2010 UNIX computers around.
*
* References:
* - http://invisible-island.net/xterm/ctlseqs/ctlseqs.html
* - http://www.3waylabs.com/nw/WWW/products/wizcon/vt220.html
*
* Todo list:
* - Filter bogus Ctrl+<char> combinations.
* - Win32 support
*
* Bloat:
* - History search like Ctrl+r in readline?
*
* List of escape sequences used by this program, we do everything just
* with three sequences. In order to be so cheap we may have some
* flickering effect with some slow terminal, but the lesser sequences
* the more compatible.
*
* EL (Erase Line)
* Sequence: ESC [ n K
* Effect: if n is 0 or missing, clear from cursor to end of line
* Effect: if n is 1, clear from beginning of line to cursor
* Effect: if n is 2, clear entire line
*
* CUF (CUrsor Forward)
* Sequence: ESC [ n C
* Effect: moves cursor forward n chars
*
* CUB (CUrsor Backward)
* Sequence: ESC [ n D
* Effect: moves cursor backward n chars
*
* The following is used to get the terminal width if getting
* the width with the TIOCGWINSZ ioctl fails
*
* DSR (Device Status Report)
* Sequence: ESC [ 6 n
* Effect: reports the current cusor position as ESC [ n ; m R
* where n is the row and m is the column
*
* When multi line mode is enabled, we also use two additional escape
* sequences. However multi line editing is disabled by default.
*
* CUU (CUrsor Up)
* Sequence: ESC [ n A
* Effect: moves cursor up of n chars.
*
* CUD (CUrsor Down)
* Sequence: ESC [ n B
* Effect: moves cursor down of n chars.
*
* When bc_history_clearScreen() is called, two additional escape sequences
* are used in order to clear the screen and position the cursor at home
* position.
*
* CUP (CUrsor Position)
* Sequence: ESC [ H
* Effect: moves the cursor to upper left corner
*
* ED (Erase Display)
* Sequence: ESC [ 2 J
* Effect: clear the whole screen
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Code for line history.
*
*/
#if BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <vector.h>
#include <history.h>
#include <read.h>
#include <file.h>
#include <vm.h>
static void bc_history_add(BcHistory *h, char *line);
static void bc_history_add_empty(BcHistory *h);
/**
* Check if the code is a wide character.
*/
static bool bc_history_wchar(uint32_t cp) {
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < bc_history_wchars_len; ++i) {
// Ranges are listed in ascending order. Therefore, once the
// whole range is higher than the codepoint we're testing, the
// codepoint won't be found in any remaining range => bail early.
if (bc_history_wchars[i][0] > cp) return false;
// Test this range.
if (bc_history_wchars[i][0] <= cp && cp <= bc_history_wchars[i][1])
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* Check if the code is a combining character.
*/
static bool bc_history_comboChar(uint32_t cp) {
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < bc_history_combo_chars_len; ++i) {
// Combining chars are listed in ascending order, so once we pass
// the codepoint of interest, we know it's not a combining char.
if (bc_history_combo_chars[i] > cp) return false;
if (bc_history_combo_chars[i] == cp) return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* Get length of previous UTF8 character.
*/
static size_t bc_history_prevCharLen(const char *buf, size_t pos) {
size_t end = pos;
for (pos -= 1; pos < end && (buf[pos] & 0xC0) == 0x80; --pos);
return end - (pos >= end ? 0 : pos);
}
/**
* Convert UTF-8 to Unicode code point.
*/
static size_t bc_history_codePoint(const char *s, size_t len, uint32_t *cp) {
if (len) {
uchar byte = (uchar) s[0];
if ((byte & 0x80) == 0) {
*cp = byte;
return 1;
}
else if ((byte & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
if (len >= 2) {
*cp = (((uint32_t) (s[0] & 0x1F)) << 6) |
((uint32_t) (s[1] & 0x3F));
return 2;
}
}
else if ((byte & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
if (len >= 3) {
*cp = (((uint32_t) (s[0] & 0x0F)) << 12) |
(((uint32_t) (s[1] & 0x3F)) << 6) |
((uint32_t) (s[2] & 0x3F));
return 3;
}
}
else if ((byte & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
if (len >= 4) {
*cp = (((uint32_t) (s[0] & 0x07)) << 18) |
(((uint32_t) (s[1] & 0x3F)) << 12) |
(((uint32_t) (s[2] & 0x3F)) << 6) |
((uint32_t) (s[3] & 0x3F));
return 4;
}
}
else {
*cp = 0xFFFD;
return 1;
}
}
*cp = 0;
return 1;
}
/**
* Get length of next grapheme.
*/
static size_t bc_history_nextLen(const char *buf, size_t buf_len,
size_t pos, size_t *col_len)
{
uint32_t cp;
size_t beg = pos;
size_t len = bc_history_codePoint(buf + pos, buf_len - pos, &cp);
if (bc_history_comboChar(cp)) {
// Currently unreachable?
return 0;
}
if (col_len != NULL) *col_len = bc_history_wchar(cp) ? 2 : 1;
pos += len;
while (pos < buf_len) {
len = bc_history_codePoint(buf + pos, buf_len - pos, &cp);
if (!bc_history_comboChar(cp)) return pos - beg;
pos += len;
}
return pos - beg;
}
/**
* Get length of previous grapheme.
*/
static size_t bc_history_prevLen(const char *buf, size_t pos, size_t *col_len) {
size_t end = pos;
while (pos > 0) {
uint32_t cp;
size_t len = bc_history_prevCharLen(buf, pos);
pos -= len;
bc_history_codePoint(buf + pos, len, &cp);
if (!bc_history_comboChar(cp)) {
if (col_len != NULL) *col_len = 1 + (bc_history_wchar(cp) != 0);
return end - pos;
}
}
// Currently unreachable?
return 0;
}
static ssize_t bc_history_read(char *buf, size_t n) {
ssize_t ret;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
do {
ret = read(STDIN_FILENO, buf, n);
} while (ret == EINTR);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
return ret;
}
/**
* Read a Unicode code point from a file.
*/
static BcStatus bc_history_readCode(char *buf, size_t buf_len,
uint32_t *cp, size_t *nread)
{
ssize_t n;
assert(buf_len >= 1);
n = bc_history_read(buf, 1);
if (BC_ERR(n <= 0)) goto err;
uchar byte = (uchar) buf[0];
if ((byte & 0x80) != 0) {
if ((byte & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
assert(buf_len >= 2);
n = bc_history_read(buf + 1, 1);
if (BC_ERR(n <= 0)) goto err;
}
else if ((byte & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
assert(buf_len >= 3);
n = bc_history_read(buf + 1, 2);
if (BC_ERR(n <= 0)) goto err;
}
else if ((byte & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
assert(buf_len >= 3);
n = bc_history_read(buf + 1, 3);
if (BC_ERR(n <= 0)) goto err;
}
else {
n = -1;
goto err;
}
}
*nread = bc_history_codePoint(buf, buf_len, cp);
return BC_STATUS_SUCCESS;
err:
if (BC_ERR(n < 0)) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_FATAL_IO_ERR);
else *nread = (size_t) n;
return BC_STATUS_EOF;
}
/**
* Get column length from begining of buffer to current byte position.
*/
static size_t bc_history_colPos(const char *buf, size_t buf_len, size_t pos) {
size_t ret = 0, off = 0;
while (off < pos) {
size_t col_len, len;
len = bc_history_nextLen(buf, buf_len, off, &col_len);
off += len;
ret += col_len;
}
return ret;
}
/**
* Return true if the terminal name is in the list of terminals we know are
* not able to understand basic escape sequences.
*/
static inline bool bc_history_isBadTerm(void) {
size_t i;
char *term = getenv("TERM");
if (term == NULL) return false;
for (i = 0; bc_history_bad_terms[i]; ++i) {
if (!strcasecmp(term, bc_history_bad_terms[i])) return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* Raw mode: 1960's black magic.
*/
static void bc_history_enableRaw(BcHistory *h) {
struct termios raw;
int err;
assert(BC_TTYIN);
if (h->rawMode) return;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
if (BC_ERR(tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &h->orig_termios) == -1))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_FATAL_IO_ERR);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
// Modify the original mode.
raw = h->orig_termios;
// Input modes: no break, no CR to NL, no parity check, no strip char,
// no start/stop output control.
raw.c_iflag &= (unsigned int) (~(BRKINT | ICRNL | INPCK | ISTRIP | IXON));
// Control modes - set 8 bit chars.
raw.c_cflag |= (CS8);
// Local modes - choing off, canonical off, no extended functions,
// no signal chars (^Z,^C).
raw.c_lflag &= (unsigned int) (~(ECHO | ICANON | IEXTEN | ISIG));
// Control chars - set return condition: min number of bytes and timer.
// We want read to give every single byte, w/o timeout (1 byte, no timer).
raw.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
raw.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
// Put terminal in raw mode after flushing.
do {
err = tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSAFLUSH, &raw);
} while (BC_ERR(err < 0) && errno == EINTR);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
if (BC_ERR(err < 0)) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_FATAL_IO_ERR);
h->rawMode = true;
}
static void bc_history_disableRaw(BcHistory *h) {
+ sig_atomic_t lock;
+
// Don't even check the return value as it's too late.
if (!h->rawMode) return;
- BC_SIG_LOCK;
+ BC_SIG_TRYLOCK(lock);
if (BC_ERR(tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSAFLUSH, &h->orig_termios) != -1))
h->rawMode = false;
- BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
+ BC_SIG_TRYUNLOCK(lock);
}
/**
* Use the ESC [6n escape sequence to query the horizontal cursor position
* and return it. On error -1 is returned, on success the position of the
* cursor.
*/
static size_t bc_history_cursorPos(void) {
char buf[BC_HIST_SEQ_SIZE];
char *ptr, *ptr2;
size_t cols, rows, i;
// Report cursor location.
bc_file_write(&vm.fout, "\x1b[6n", 4);
bc_file_flush(&vm.fout);
// Read the response: ESC [ rows ; cols R.
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(buf) - 1; ++i) {
if (bc_history_read(buf + i, 1) != 1 || buf[i] == 'R') break;
}
buf[i] = '\0';
if (BC_ERR(buf[0] != BC_ACTION_ESC || buf[1] != '[')) return SIZE_MAX;
// Parse it.
ptr = buf + 2;
rows = strtoul(ptr, &ptr2, 10);
if (BC_ERR(!rows || ptr2[0] != ';')) return SIZE_MAX;
ptr = ptr2 + 1;
cols = strtoul(ptr, NULL, 10);
if (BC_ERR(!cols)) return SIZE_MAX;
return cols <= UINT16_MAX ? cols : 0;
}
/**
* Try to get the number of columns in the current terminal, or assume 80
* if it fails.
*/
static size_t bc_history_columns(void) {
struct winsize ws;
int ret;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
ret = ioctl(vm.fout.fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
if (BC_ERR(ret == -1 || !ws.ws_col)) {
// Calling ioctl() failed. Try to query the terminal itself.
size_t start, cols;
// Get the initial position so we can restore it later.
start = bc_history_cursorPos();
if (BC_ERR(start == SIZE_MAX)) return BC_HIST_DEF_COLS;
// Go to right margin and get position.
bc_file_write(&vm.fout, "\x1b[999C", 6);
bc_file_flush(&vm.fout);
cols = bc_history_cursorPos();
if (BC_ERR(cols == SIZE_MAX)) return BC_HIST_DEF_COLS;
// Restore position.
if (cols > start) {
bc_file_printf(&vm.fout, "\x1b[%zuD", cols - start);
bc_file_flush(&vm.fout);
}
return cols;
}
return ws.ws_col;
}
#if BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
/**
* Check if text is an ANSI escape sequence.
*/
static bool bc_history_ansiEscape(const char *buf, size_t buf_len, size_t *len)
{
if (buf_len > 2 && !memcmp("\033[", buf, 2)) {
size_t off = 2;
while (off < buf_len) {
char c = buf[off++];
if ((c >= 'A' && c <= 'K' && c != 'I') ||
c == 'S' || c == 'T' || c == 'f' || c == 'm')
{
*len = off;
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Get column length of prompt text.
*/
static size_t bc_history_promptColLen(const char *prompt, size_t plen) {
char buf[BC_HIST_MAX_LINE + 1];
size_t buf_len = 0, off = 0;
while (off < plen) {
size_t len;
if (bc_history_ansiEscape(prompt + off, plen - off, &len)) {
off += len;
continue;
}
buf[buf_len++] = prompt[off++];
}
return bc_history_colPos(buf, buf_len, buf_len);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
/**
* Rewrites the currently edited line accordingly to the buffer content,
* cursor position, and number of columns of the terminal.
*/
static void bc_history_refresh(BcHistory *h) {
char* buf = h->buf.v;
size_t colpos, len = BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h), pos = h->pos;
bc_file_flush(&vm.fout);
while(h->pcol + bc_history_colPos(buf, len, pos) >= h->cols) {
size_t chlen = bc_history_nextLen(buf, len, 0, NULL);
buf += chlen;
len -= chlen;
pos -= chlen;
}
while (h->pcol + bc_history_colPos(buf, len, len) > h->cols)
len -= bc_history_prevLen(buf, len, NULL);
// Cursor to left edge.
bc_file_write(&vm.fout, "\r", 1);
// Write the prompt, if desired.
#if BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
if (BC_USE_PROMPT) bc_file_write(&vm.fout, h->prompt, h->plen);
#endif // BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
bc_file_write(&vm.fout, buf, BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h));
// Erase to right.
bc_file_write(&vm.fout, "\x1b[0K", 4);
// Move cursor to original position.
colpos = bc_history_colPos(buf, len, pos) + h->pcol;
if (colpos) bc_file_printf(&vm.fout, "\r\x1b[%zuC", colpos);
bc_file_flush(&vm.fout);
}
/**
* Insert the character 'c' at cursor current position.
*/
static void bc_history_edit_insert(BcHistory *h, const char *cbuf, size_t clen)
{
bc_vec_expand(&h->buf, bc_vm_growSize(h->buf.len, clen));
if (h->pos == BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h)) {
size_t colpos = 0, len;
memcpy(bc_vec_item(&h->buf, h->pos), cbuf, clen);
h->pos += clen;
h->buf.len += clen - 1;
bc_vec_pushByte(&h->buf, '\0');
len = BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h);
#if BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
colpos = bc_history_promptColLen(h->prompt, h->plen);
#endif // BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
colpos += bc_history_colPos(h->buf.v, len, len);
if (colpos < h->cols) {
// Avoid a full update of the line in the trivial case.
bc_file_write(&vm.fout, cbuf, clen);
bc_file_flush(&vm.fout);
}
else bc_history_refresh(h);
}
else {
size_t amt = BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h) - h->pos;
memmove(h->buf.v + h->pos + clen, h->buf.v + h->pos, amt);
memcpy(h->buf.v + h->pos, cbuf, clen);
h->pos += clen;
h->buf.len += clen;
h->buf.v[BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h)] = '\0';
bc_history_refresh(h);
}
}
/**
* Move cursor to the left.
*/
static void bc_history_edit_left(BcHistory *h) {
if (h->pos <= 0) return;
h->pos -= bc_history_prevLen(h->buf.v, h->pos, NULL);
bc_history_refresh(h);
}
/**
* Move cursor on the right.
*/
static void bc_history_edit_right(BcHistory *h) {
if (h->pos == BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h)) return;
h->pos += bc_history_nextLen(h->buf.v, BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h), h->pos, NULL);
bc_history_refresh(h);
}
/**
* Move cursor to the end of the current word.
*/
static void bc_history_edit_wordEnd(BcHistory *h) {
size_t len = BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h);
if (!len || h->pos >= len) return;
while (h->pos < len && isspace(h->buf.v[h->pos])) h->pos += 1;
while (h->pos < len && !isspace(h->buf.v[h->pos])) h->pos += 1;
bc_history_refresh(h);
}
/**
* Move cursor to the start of the current word.
*/
static void bc_history_edit_wordStart(BcHistory *h) {
size_t len = BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h);
if (!len) return;
while (h->pos > 0 && isspace(h->buf.v[h->pos - 1])) h->pos -= 1;
while (h->pos > 0 && !isspace(h->buf.v[h->pos - 1])) h->pos -= 1;
bc_history_refresh(h);
}
/**
* Move cursor to the start of the line.
*/
static void bc_history_edit_home(BcHistory *h) {
if (!h->pos) return;
h->pos = 0;
bc_history_refresh(h);
}
/**
* Move cursor to the end of the line.
*/
static void bc_history_edit_end(BcHistory *h) {
if (h->pos == BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h)) return;
h->pos = BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h);
bc_history_refresh(h);
}
/**
* Substitute the currently edited line with the next or previous history
* entry as specified by 'dir' (direction).
*/
static void bc_history_edit_next(BcHistory *h, bool dir) {
const char *dup, *str;
if (h->history.len <= 1) return;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
if (h->buf.v[0]) dup = bc_vm_strdup(h->buf.v);
else dup = "";
// Update the current history entry before
// overwriting it with the next one.
bc_vec_replaceAt(&h->history, h->history.len - 1 - h->idx, &dup);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
// Show the new entry.
h->idx += (dir == BC_HIST_PREV ? 1 : SIZE_MAX);
if (h->idx == SIZE_MAX) {
h->idx = 0;
return;
}
else if (h->idx >= h->history.len) {
h->idx = h->history.len - 1;
return;
}
str = *((char**) bc_vec_item(&h->history, h->history.len - 1 - h->idx));
bc_vec_string(&h->buf, strlen(str), str);
assert(h->buf.len > 0);
h->pos = BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h);
bc_history_refresh(h);
}
/**
* Delete the character at the right of the cursor without altering the cursor
* position. Basically this is what happens with the "Delete" keyboard key.
*/
static void bc_history_edit_delete(BcHistory *h) {
size_t chlen, len = BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h);
if (!len || h->pos >= len) return;
chlen = bc_history_nextLen(h->buf.v, len, h->pos, NULL);
memmove(h->buf.v + h->pos, h->buf.v + h->pos + chlen, len - h->pos - chlen);
h->buf.len -= chlen;
h->buf.v[BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h)] = '\0';
bc_history_refresh(h);
}
static void bc_history_edit_backspace(BcHistory *h) {
size_t chlen, len = BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h);
if (!h->pos || !len) return;
chlen = bc_history_prevLen(h->buf.v, h->pos, NULL);
memmove(h->buf.v + h->pos - chlen, h->buf.v + h->pos, len - h->pos);
h->pos -= chlen;
h->buf.len -= chlen;
h->buf.v[BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h)] = '\0';
bc_history_refresh(h);
}
/**
* Delete the previous word, maintaining the cursor at the start of the
* current word.
*/
static void bc_history_edit_deletePrevWord(BcHistory *h) {
size_t diff, old_pos = h->pos;
while (h->pos > 0 && h->buf.v[h->pos - 1] == ' ') --h->pos;
while (h->pos > 0 && h->buf.v[h->pos - 1] != ' ') --h->pos;
diff = old_pos - h->pos;
memmove(h->buf.v + h->pos, h->buf.v + old_pos,
BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h) - old_pos + 1);
h->buf.len -= diff;
bc_history_refresh(h);
}
/**
* Delete the next word, maintaining the cursor at the same position.
*/
static void bc_history_edit_deleteNextWord(BcHistory *h) {
size_t next_end = h->pos, len = BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h);
while (next_end < len && h->buf.v[next_end] == ' ') ++next_end;
while (next_end < len && h->buf.v[next_end] != ' ') ++next_end;
memmove(h->buf.v + h->pos, h->buf.v + next_end, len - next_end);
h->buf.len -= next_end - h->pos;
bc_history_refresh(h);
}
static void bc_history_swap(BcHistory *h) {
size_t pcl, ncl;
char auxb[5];
pcl = bc_history_prevLen(h->buf.v, h->pos, NULL);
ncl = bc_history_nextLen(h->buf.v, BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h), h->pos, NULL);
// To perform a swap we need:
// * nonzero char length to the left
// * not at the end of the line
if (pcl && h->pos != BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h) && pcl < 5 && ncl < 5) {
memcpy(auxb, h->buf.v + h->pos - pcl, pcl);
memcpy(h->buf.v + h->pos - pcl, h->buf.v + h->pos, ncl);
memcpy(h->buf.v + h->pos - pcl + ncl, auxb, pcl);
h->pos += -pcl + ncl;
bc_history_refresh(h);
}
}
/**
* Handle escape sequences.
*/
static void bc_history_escape(BcHistory *h) {
char c, seq[3];
if (BC_ERR(BC_HIST_READ(seq, 1))) return;
c = seq[0];
// ESC ? sequences.
if (c != '[' && c != 'O') {
if (c == 'f') bc_history_edit_wordEnd(h);
else if (c == 'b') bc_history_edit_wordStart(h);
else if (c == 'd') bc_history_edit_deleteNextWord(h);
}
else {
if (BC_ERR(BC_HIST_READ(seq + 1, 1)))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_FATAL_IO_ERR);
// ESC [ sequences.
if (c == '[') {
c = seq[1];
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
// Extended escape, read additional byte.
if (BC_ERR(BC_HIST_READ(seq + 2, 1)))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_FATAL_IO_ERR);
if (seq[2] == '~' && c == '3') bc_history_edit_delete(h);
else if(seq[2] == ';') {
if (BC_ERR(BC_HIST_READ(seq, 2)))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_FATAL_IO_ERR);
if (seq[0] != '5') return;
else if (seq[1] == 'C') bc_history_edit_wordEnd(h);
else if (seq[1] == 'D') bc_history_edit_wordStart(h);
}
}
else {
switch(c) {
// Up.
case 'A':
{
bc_history_edit_next(h, BC_HIST_PREV);
break;
}
// Down.
case 'B':
{
bc_history_edit_next(h, BC_HIST_NEXT);
break;
}
// Right.
case 'C':
{
bc_history_edit_right(h);
break;
}
// Left.
case 'D':
{
bc_history_edit_left(h);
break;
}
// Home.
case 'H':
case '1':
{
bc_history_edit_home(h);
break;
}
// End.
case 'F':
case '4':
{
bc_history_edit_end(h);
break;
}
case 'd':
{
bc_history_edit_deleteNextWord(h);
break;
}
}
}
}
// ESC O sequences.
else if (c == 'O') {
switch (seq[1]) {
case 'A':
{
bc_history_edit_next(h, BC_HIST_PREV);
break;
}
case 'B':
{
bc_history_edit_next(h, BC_HIST_NEXT);
break;
}
case 'C':
{
bc_history_edit_right(h);
break;
}
case 'D':
{
bc_history_edit_left(h);
break;
}
case 'F':
{
bc_history_edit_end(h);
break;
}
case 'H':
{
bc_history_edit_home(h);
break;
}
}
}
}
}
static void bc_history_reset(BcHistory *h) {
h->oldcolpos = h->pos = h->idx = 0;
h->cols = bc_history_columns();
// The latest history entry is always our current buffer, that
// initially is just an empty string.
bc_history_add_empty(h);
// Buffer starts empty.
bc_vec_empty(&h->buf);
}
static void bc_history_printCtrl(BcHistory *h, unsigned int c) {
char str[3] = "^A";
const char newline[2] = "\n";
str[1] = (char) (c + 'A' - BC_ACTION_CTRL_A);
bc_vec_concat(&h->buf, str);
bc_history_refresh(h);
bc_vec_npop(&h->buf, sizeof(str));
bc_vec_pushByte(&h->buf, '\0');
if (c != BC_ACTION_CTRL_C && c != BC_ACTION_CTRL_D) {
bc_file_write(&vm.fout, newline, sizeof(newline) - 1);
bc_history_refresh(h);
}
}
/**
* This function is the core of the line editing capability of bc history.
* It expects 'fd' to be already in "raw mode" so that every key pressed
* will be returned ASAP to read().
*/
static BcStatus bc_history_edit(BcHistory *h, const char *prompt) {
bc_history_reset(h);
#if BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
if (BC_USE_PROMPT) {
h->prompt = prompt;
h->plen = strlen(prompt);
h->pcol = bc_history_promptColLen(prompt, h->plen);
bc_file_write(&vm.fout, prompt, h->plen);
bc_file_flush(&vm.fout);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
for (;;) {
BcStatus s;
// Large enough for any encoding?
char cbuf[32];
unsigned int c = 0;
size_t nread = 0;
s = bc_history_readCode(cbuf, sizeof(cbuf), &c, &nread);
if (BC_ERR(s)) return s;
switch (c) {
case BC_ACTION_LINE_FEED:
case BC_ACTION_ENTER:
{
bc_vec_pop(&h->history);
return s;
}
case BC_ACTION_TAB:
{
memcpy(cbuf, bc_history_tab, bc_history_tab_len + 1);
bc_history_edit_insert(h, cbuf, bc_history_tab_len);
break;
}
case BC_ACTION_CTRL_C:
{
bc_history_printCtrl(h, c);
bc_file_write(&vm.fout, vm.sigmsg, vm.siglen);
bc_file_write(&vm.fout, bc_program_ready_msg,
bc_program_ready_msg_len);
bc_history_reset(h);
bc_history_refresh(h);
break;
}
case BC_ACTION_BACKSPACE:
case BC_ACTION_CTRL_H:
{
bc_history_edit_backspace(h);
break;
}
// Act as end-of-file.
case BC_ACTION_CTRL_D:
{
bc_history_printCtrl(h, c);
return BC_STATUS_EOF;
}
// Swaps current character with previous.
case BC_ACTION_CTRL_T:
{
bc_history_swap(h);
break;
}
case BC_ACTION_CTRL_B:
{
bc_history_edit_left(h);
break;
}
case BC_ACTION_CTRL_F:
{
bc_history_edit_right(h);
break;
}
case BC_ACTION_CTRL_P:
{
bc_history_edit_next(h, BC_HIST_PREV);
break;
}
case BC_ACTION_CTRL_N:
{
bc_history_edit_next(h, BC_HIST_NEXT);
break;
}
case BC_ACTION_ESC:
{
bc_history_escape(h);
break;
}
// Delete the whole line.
case BC_ACTION_CTRL_U:
{
bc_vec_string(&h->buf, 0, "");
h->pos = 0;
bc_history_refresh(h);
break;
}
// Delete from current to end of line.
case BC_ACTION_CTRL_K:
{
bc_vec_npop(&h->buf, h->buf.len - h->pos);
bc_vec_pushByte(&h->buf, '\0');
bc_history_refresh(h);
break;
}
// Go to the start of the line.
case BC_ACTION_CTRL_A:
{
bc_history_edit_home(h);
break;
}
// Go to the end of the line.
case BC_ACTION_CTRL_E:
{
bc_history_edit_end(h);
break;
}
// Clear screen.
case BC_ACTION_CTRL_L:
{
bc_file_write(&vm.fout, "\x1b[H\x1b[2J", 7);
bc_history_refresh(h);
break;
}
// Delete previous word.
case BC_ACTION_CTRL_W:
{
bc_history_edit_deletePrevWord(h);
break;
}
default:
{
if (c >= BC_ACTION_CTRL_A && c <= BC_ACTION_CTRL_Z)
bc_history_printCtrl(h, c);
else bc_history_edit_insert(h, cbuf, nread);
break;
}
}
}
return BC_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}
static inline bool bc_history_stdinHasData(BcHistory *h) {
int n;
return pselect(1, &h->rdset, NULL, NULL, &h->ts, &h->sigmask) > 0 ||
(ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, FIONREAD, &n) >= 0 && n > 0);
}
/**
* This function calls the line editing function bc_history_edit()
* using the STDIN file descriptor set in raw mode.
*/
static BcStatus bc_history_raw(BcHistory *h, const char *prompt) {
BcStatus s;
assert(vm.fout.len == 0);
bc_history_enableRaw(h);
s = bc_history_edit(h, prompt);
h->stdin_has_data = bc_history_stdinHasData(h);
if (!h->stdin_has_data) bc_history_disableRaw(h);
bc_file_write(&vm.fout, "\n", 1);
bc_file_flush(&vm.fout);
return s;
}
BcStatus bc_history_line(BcHistory *h, BcVec *vec, const char *prompt) {
BcStatus s;
char* line;
s = bc_history_raw(h, prompt);
assert(!s || s == BC_STATUS_EOF);
bc_vec_string(vec, BC_HIST_BUF_LEN(h), h->buf.v);
if (h->buf.v[0]) {
BC_SIG_LOCK;
line = bc_vm_strdup(h->buf.v);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_history_add(h, line);
}
else bc_history_add_empty(h);
bc_vec_concat(vec, "\n");
return s;
}
static void bc_history_add(BcHistory *h, char *line) {
if (h->history.len) {
char *s = *((char**) bc_vec_item_rev(&h->history, 0));
if (!strcmp(s, line)) {
BC_SIG_LOCK;
free(line);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
return;
}
}
bc_vec_push(&h->history, &line);
}
static void bc_history_add_empty(BcHistory *h) {
const char *line = "";
if (h->history.len) {
char *s = *((char**) bc_vec_item_rev(&h->history, 0));
if (!s[0]) return;
}
bc_vec_push(&h->history, &line);
}
static void bc_history_string_free(void *str) {
char *s = *((char**) str);
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
if (s[0]) free(s);
}
void bc_history_init(BcHistory *h) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
bc_vec_init(&h->buf, sizeof(char), NULL);
bc_vec_init(&h->history, sizeof(char*), bc_history_string_free);
FD_ZERO(&h->rdset);
FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &h->rdset);
h->ts.tv_sec = 0;
h->ts.tv_nsec = 0;
sigemptyset(&h->sigmask);
sigaddset(&h->sigmask, SIGINT);
h->rawMode = h->stdin_has_data = false;
h->badTerm = bc_history_isBadTerm();
}
void bc_history_free(BcHistory *h) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
bc_history_disableRaw(h);
#ifndef NDEBUG
bc_vec_free(&h->buf);
bc_vec_free(&h->history);
#endif // NDEBUG
}
/**
* This special mode is used by bc history in order to print scan codes
* on screen for debugging / development purposes.
*/
#if BC_DEBUG_CODE
void bc_history_printKeyCodes(BcHistory *h) {
char quit[4];
bc_vm_printf("Linenoise key codes debugging mode.\n"
"Press keys to see scan codes. "
"Type 'quit' at any time to exit.\n");
bc_history_enableRaw(h);
memset(quit, ' ', 4);
while(true) {
char c;
ssize_t nread;
nread = bc_history_read(&c, 1);
if (nread <= 0) continue;
// Shift string to left.
memmove(quit, quit + 1, sizeof(quit) - 1);
// Insert current char on the right.
quit[sizeof(quit) - 1] = c;
if (!memcmp(quit, "quit", sizeof(quit))) break;
bc_vm_printf("'%c' %lu (type quit to exit)\n",
isprint(c) ? c : '?', (unsigned long) c);
// Go left edge manually, we are in raw mode.
bc_vm_putchar('\r');
bc_file_flush(&vm.fout);
}
bc_history_disableRaw(h);
}
#endif // BC_DEBUG_CODE
#endif // BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/history/history.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/history
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/history (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/history (revision 362987)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/history
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:ignore
## -1,23 +0,0 ##
-*.sh
-*.yml
-*.py
-.git
-.gitignore
-.svnignore
-*.utf8.msg
-Makefile
-tests
-de_AT.*
-de_CH.*
-en_AU.*
-en_CA.*
-en_GB.*
-en_IE.*
-en_NZ.*
-fr_BE.*
-fr_CA.*
-fr_CH.*
-*.ISO8859-15.msg
-en_US.ISO8859-1.msg
-en_US.US-ASCII.msg
-en_US.US_ASCII.msg
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/lang.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/lang.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/lang.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,313 +1,324 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Code to manipulate data structures in programs.
*
*/
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <lang.h>
#include <vm.h>
#ifndef NDEBUG
void bc_id_free(void *id) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(id != NULL);
free(((BcId*) id)->name);
}
#endif // NDEBUG
void bc_string_free(void *string) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(string != NULL && (*((char**) string)) != NULL);
if (BC_IS_BC) free(*((char**) string));
}
void bc_const_free(void *constant) {
BcConst *c = constant;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(c->val != NULL);
free(c->val);
bc_num_free(&c->num);
}
#if BC_ENABLED
void bc_func_insert(BcFunc *f, BcProgram *p, char *name,
BcType type, size_t line)
{
BcLoc a;
size_t i, idx;
assert(f != NULL);
idx = bc_program_search(p, name, type == BC_TYPE_VAR);
for (i = 0; i < f->autos.len; ++i) {
BcLoc *id = bc_vec_item(&f->autos, i);
if (BC_ERR(idx == id->loc && type == (BcType) id->idx)) {
const char *array = type == BC_TYPE_ARRAY ? "[]" : "";
bc_vm_error(BC_ERROR_PARSE_DUP_LOCAL, line, name, array);
}
}
a.loc = idx;
a.idx = type;
bc_vec_push(&f->autos, &a);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
void bc_func_init(BcFunc *f, const char *name) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(f != NULL && name != NULL);
bc_vec_init(&f->code, sizeof(uchar), NULL);
- // This is necessary for not allocating memory where it isn't used.
- // dc does not use strings except in the main function. The else part
- // is necessary to stop uninitiazed data errors in valgrind.
- if (BC_IS_BC || !strcmp(name, bc_func_main))
- bc_vec_init(&f->strs, sizeof(char*), bc_string_free);
-#if BC_ENABLE_FUNC_FREE
- else bc_vec_clear(&f->strs);
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_FUNC_FREE
-
bc_vec_init(&f->consts, sizeof(BcConst), bc_const_free);
+
#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_BC) {
+
+ bc_vec_init(&f->strs, sizeof(char*), bc_string_free);
+
bc_vec_init(&f->autos, sizeof(BcLoc), NULL);
bc_vec_init(&f->labels, sizeof(size_t), NULL);
+
f->nparams = 0;
f->voidfn = false;
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
+
f->name = name;
}
void bc_func_reset(BcFunc *f) {
+
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(f != NULL);
+
bc_vec_npop(&f->code, f->code.len);
- bc_vec_npop(&f->strs, f->strs.len);
+
bc_vec_npop(&f->consts, f->consts.len);
+
#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_BC) {
+
+ bc_vec_npop(&f->strs, f->strs.len);
+
bc_vec_npop(&f->autos, f->autos.len);
bc_vec_npop(&f->labels, f->labels.len);
+
f->nparams = 0;
f->voidfn = false;
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
}
void bc_func_free(void *func) {
+
#if BC_ENABLE_FUNC_FREE
BcFunc *f = (BcFunc*) func;
+
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(f != NULL);
+
bc_vec_free(&f->code);
- bc_vec_free(&f->strs);
+
bc_vec_free(&f->consts);
+
#if BC_ENABLED
#ifndef NDEBUG
if (BC_IS_BC) {
+
+ bc_vec_free(&f->strs);
+
bc_vec_free(&f->autos);
bc_vec_free(&f->labels);
}
#endif // NDEBUG
#endif // BC_ENABLED
#else // BC_ENABLE_FUNC_FREE
BC_UNUSED(func);
#endif // BC_ENABLE_FUNC_FREE
}
void bc_array_init(BcVec *a, bool nums) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
if (nums) bc_vec_init(a, sizeof(BcNum), bc_num_free);
else bc_vec_init(a, sizeof(BcVec), bc_vec_free);
bc_array_expand(a, 1);
}
void bc_array_copy(BcVec *d, const BcVec *s) {
size_t i;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(d != NULL && s != NULL);
assert(d != s && d->size == s->size && d->dtor == s->dtor);
bc_vec_npop(d, d->len);
bc_vec_expand(d, s->cap);
d->len = s->len;
for (i = 0; i < s->len; ++i) {
BcNum *dnum = bc_vec_item(d, i), *snum = bc_vec_item(s, i);
bc_num_createCopy(dnum, snum);
}
}
void bc_array_expand(BcVec *a, size_t len) {
assert(a != NULL);
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
bc_vec_expand(a, len);
if (a->size == sizeof(BcNum) && a->dtor == bc_num_free) {
BcNum n;
while (len > a->len) {
bc_num_init(&n, BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE);
bc_vec_push(a, &n);
}
}
else {
BcVec v;
assert(a->size == sizeof(BcVec) && a->dtor == bc_vec_free);
while (len > a->len) {
bc_array_init(&v, true);
bc_vec_push(a, &v);
}
}
}
void bc_result_clear(BcResult *r) {
r->t = BC_RESULT_TEMP;
bc_num_clear(&r->d.n);
}
#if DC_ENABLED
void bc_result_copy(BcResult *d, BcResult *src) {
assert(d != NULL && src != NULL);
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
d->t = src->t;
switch (d->t) {
case BC_RESULT_TEMP:
case BC_RESULT_IBASE:
case BC_RESULT_SCALE:
case BC_RESULT_OBASE:
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
case BC_RESULT_SEED:
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
{
bc_num_createCopy(&d->d.n, &src->d.n);
break;
}
case BC_RESULT_VAR:
#if BC_ENABLED
case BC_RESULT_ARRAY:
#endif // BC_ENABLED
case BC_RESULT_ARRAY_ELEM:
{
memcpy(&d->d.loc, &src->d.loc, sizeof(BcLoc));
break;
}
- case BC_RESULT_CONSTANT:
case BC_RESULT_STR:
{
memcpy(&d->d.n, &src->d.n, sizeof(BcNum));
break;
}
+ case BC_RESULT_ZERO:
case BC_RESULT_ONE:
{
// Do nothing.
break;
}
#if BC_ENABLED
case BC_RESULT_VOID:
case BC_RESULT_LAST:
{
#ifndef NDEBUG
abort();
#endif // NDEBUG
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
}
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
void bc_result_free(void *result) {
BcResult *r = (BcResult*) result;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(r != NULL);
switch (r->t) {
case BC_RESULT_TEMP:
case BC_RESULT_IBASE:
case BC_RESULT_SCALE:
case BC_RESULT_OBASE:
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
case BC_RESULT_SEED:
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
{
bc_num_free(&r->d.n);
break;
}
case BC_RESULT_VAR:
#if BC_ENABLED
case BC_RESULT_ARRAY:
#endif // BC_ENABLED
case BC_RESULT_ARRAY_ELEM:
case BC_RESULT_STR:
- case BC_RESULT_CONSTANT:
+ case BC_RESULT_ZERO:
case BC_RESULT_ONE:
#if BC_ENABLED
case BC_RESULT_VOID:
case BC_RESULT_LAST:
#endif // BC_ENABLED
{
// Do nothing.
break;
}
}
}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/lang.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/lex.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/lex.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/lex.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,231 +1,231 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
- * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
*
- * All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Common code for the lexers.
*
*/
#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <lex.h>
#include <vm.h>
#include <bc.h>
void bc_lex_invalidChar(BcLex *l, char c) {
l->t = BC_LEX_INVALID;
bc_lex_verr(l, BC_ERROR_PARSE_CHAR, c);
}
void bc_lex_lineComment(BcLex *l) {
l->t = BC_LEX_WHITESPACE;
while (l->i < l->len && l->buf[l->i] != '\n') l->i += 1;
}
void bc_lex_comment(BcLex *l) {
size_t i, nlines = 0;
const char *buf = l->buf;
bool end = false;
char c;
l->i += 1;
l->t = BC_LEX_WHITESPACE;
for (i = l->i; !end; i += !end) {
for (; (c = buf[i]) && c != '*'; ++i) nlines += (c == '\n');
if (BC_ERR(!c || buf[i + 1] == '\0')) {
l->i = i;
bc_lex_err(l, BC_ERROR_PARSE_COMMENT);
}
end = buf[i + 1] == '/';
}
l->i = i + 2;
l->line += nlines;
}
void bc_lex_whitespace(BcLex *l) {
char c;
l->t = BC_LEX_WHITESPACE;
for (c = l->buf[l->i]; c != '\n' && isspace(c); c = l->buf[++l->i]);
}
void bc_lex_commonTokens(BcLex *l, char c) {
if (!c) l->t = BC_LEX_EOF;
else if (c == '\n') l->t = BC_LEX_NLINE;
else bc_lex_whitespace(l);
}
static size_t bc_lex_num(BcLex *l, char start, bool int_only) {
const char *buf = l->buf + l->i;
size_t i;
char c;
bool last_pt, pt = (start == '.');
for (i = 0; (c = buf[i]) && (BC_LEX_NUM_CHAR(c, pt, int_only) ||
(c == '\\' && buf[i + 1] == '\n')); ++i)
{
if (c == '\\') {
if (buf[i + 1] == '\n') {
i += 2;
// Make sure to eat whitespace at the beginning of the line.
while(isspace(buf[i]) && buf[i] != '\n') i += 1;
c = buf[i];
if (!BC_LEX_NUM_CHAR(c, pt, int_only)) break;
}
else break;
}
last_pt = (c == '.');
if (pt && last_pt) break;
pt = pt || last_pt;
bc_vec_push(&l->str, &c);
}
return i;
}
void bc_lex_number(BcLex *l, char start) {
l->t = BC_LEX_NUMBER;
bc_vec_npop(&l->str, l->str.len);
bc_vec_push(&l->str, &start);
l->i += bc_lex_num(l, start, false);
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
{
char c = l->buf[l->i];
if (c == 'e') {
#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_POSIX) bc_lex_err(l, BC_ERROR_POSIX_EXP_NUM);
#endif // BC_ENABLED
bc_vec_push(&l->str, &c);
l->i += 1;
c = l->buf[l->i];
if (c == BC_LEX_NEG_CHAR) {
bc_vec_push(&l->str, &c);
l->i += 1;
c = l->buf[l->i];
}
if (BC_ERR(!BC_LEX_NUM_CHAR(c, false, true)))
bc_lex_verr(l, BC_ERROR_PARSE_CHAR, c);
l->i += bc_lex_num(l, 0, true);
}
}
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
bc_vec_pushByte(&l->str, '\0');
}
void bc_lex_name(BcLex *l) {
size_t i = 0;
const char *buf = l->buf + l->i - 1;
char c = buf[i];
l->t = BC_LEX_NAME;
while ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || isdigit(c) || c == '_') c = buf[++i];
bc_vec_string(&l->str, i, buf);
// Increment the index. We minus 1 because it has already been incremented.
l->i += i - 1;
}
void bc_lex_init(BcLex *l) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(l != NULL);
bc_vec_init(&l->str, sizeof(char), NULL);
}
void bc_lex_free(BcLex *l) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(l != NULL);
bc_vec_free(&l->str);
}
void bc_lex_file(BcLex *l, const char *file) {
assert(l != NULL && file != NULL);
l->line = 1;
vm.file = file;
}
void bc_lex_next(BcLex *l) {
assert(l != NULL);
l->last = l->t;
l->line += (l->i != 0 && l->buf[l->i - 1] == '\n');
if (BC_ERR(l->last == BC_LEX_EOF)) bc_lex_err(l, BC_ERROR_PARSE_EOF);
l->t = BC_LEX_EOF;
if (l->i == l->len) return;
// Loop until failure or we don't have whitespace. This
// is so the parser doesn't get inundated with whitespace.
do {
vm.next(l);
} while (l->t == BC_LEX_WHITESPACE);
}
void bc_lex_text(BcLex *l, const char *text) {
assert(l != NULL && text != NULL);
l->buf = text;
l->i = 0;
l->len = strlen(text);
l->t = l->last = BC_LEX_INVALID;
bc_lex_next(l);
}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/lex.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/main.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/main.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/main.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,93 +1,93 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
- * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
*
- * All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* The entry point for bc.
*
*/
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <vm.h>
#include <bc.h>
#include <dc.h>
char output_bufs[BC_VM_BUF_SIZE];
BcVm vm;
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int s;
char *name;
size_t len = strlen(BC_EXECPREFIX);
vm.locale = setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
name = strrchr(argv[0], '/');
vm.name = (name == NULL) ? argv[0] : name + 1;
if (strlen(vm.name) > len) vm.name += len;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_vec_init(&vm.jmp_bufs, sizeof(sigjmp_buf), NULL);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(exit);
#if !DC_ENABLED
bc_main(argc, argv);
#elif !BC_ENABLED
dc_main(argc, argv);
#else
if (BC_IS_BC) bc_main(argc, argv);
else dc_main(argc, argv);
#endif
exit:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
s = !BC_STATUS_IS_ERROR(vm.status) ? BC_STATUS_SUCCESS : (int) vm.status;
bc_vm_shutdown();
#ifndef NDEBUG
bc_vec_free(&vm.jmp_bufs);
#endif // NDEBUG
return s;
}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/main.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/num.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/num.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/num.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,2837 +1,2836 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Code for the number type.
*
*/
#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <num.h>
#include <rand.h>
#include <vm.h>
static void bc_num_m(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *restrict c, size_t scale);
static inline ssize_t bc_num_neg(size_t n, bool neg) {
return (((ssize_t) n) ^ -((ssize_t) neg)) + neg;
}
ssize_t bc_num_cmpZero(const BcNum *n) {
return bc_num_neg((n)->len != 0, (n)->neg);
}
static inline size_t bc_num_int(const BcNum *n) {
return n->len ? n->len - n->rdx : 0;
}
static void bc_num_expand(BcNum *restrict n, size_t req) {
assert(n != NULL);
req = req >= BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE ? req : BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE;
if (req > n->cap) {
BC_SIG_LOCK;
n->num = bc_vm_realloc(n->num, BC_NUM_SIZE(req));
n->cap = req;
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
}
}
static void bc_num_setToZero(BcNum *restrict n, size_t scale) {
assert(n != NULL);
n->scale = scale;
n->len = n->rdx = 0;
n->neg = false;
}
static inline void bc_num_zero(BcNum *restrict n) {
bc_num_setToZero(n, 0);
}
void bc_num_one(BcNum *restrict n) {
bc_num_zero(n);
n->len = 1;
n->num[0] = 1;
}
static void bc_num_clean(BcNum *restrict n) {
while (BC_NUM_NONZERO(n) && !n->num[n->len - 1]) n->len -= 1;
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(n)) {
n->neg = false;
n->rdx = 0;
}
else if (n->len < n->rdx) n->len = n->rdx;
}
static size_t bc_num_log10(size_t i) {
size_t len;
for (len = 1; i; i /= BC_BASE, ++len);
assert(len - 1 <= BC_BASE_DIGS + 1);
return len - 1;
}
static inline size_t bc_num_zeroDigits(const BcDig *n) {
assert(*n >= 0);
assert(((size_t) *n) < BC_BASE_POW);
return BC_BASE_DIGS - bc_num_log10((size_t) *n);
}
static size_t bc_num_intDigits(const BcNum *n) {
size_t digits = bc_num_int(n) * BC_BASE_DIGS;
if (digits > 0) digits -= bc_num_zeroDigits(n->num + n->len - 1);
return digits;
}
static size_t bc_num_nonzeroLen(const BcNum *restrict n) {
size_t i, len = n->len;
assert(len == n->rdx);
for (i = len - 1; i < len && !n->num[i]; --i);
assert(i + 1 > 0);
return i + 1;
}
static BcDig bc_num_addDigits(BcDig a, BcDig b, bool *carry) {
assert(((BcBigDig) BC_BASE_POW) * 2 == ((BcDig) BC_BASE_POW) * 2);
assert(a < BC_BASE_POW);
assert(b < BC_BASE_POW);
a += b + *carry;
*carry = (a >= BC_BASE_POW);
if (*carry) a -= BC_BASE_POW;
assert(a >= 0);
assert(a < BC_BASE_POW);
return a;
}
static BcDig bc_num_subDigits(BcDig a, BcDig b, bool *carry) {
assert(a < BC_BASE_POW);
assert(b < BC_BASE_POW);
b += *carry;
*carry = (a < b);
if (*carry) a += BC_BASE_POW;
assert(a - b >= 0);
assert(a - b < BC_BASE_POW);
return a - b;
}
static void bc_num_addArrays(BcDig *restrict a, const BcDig *restrict b,
size_t len)
{
size_t i;
bool carry = false;
for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) a[i] = bc_num_addDigits(a[i], b[i], &carry);
for (; carry; ++i) a[i] = bc_num_addDigits(a[i], 0, &carry);
}
static void bc_num_subArrays(BcDig *restrict a, const BcDig *restrict b,
size_t len)
{
size_t i;
bool carry = false;
for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) a[i] = bc_num_subDigits(a[i], b[i], &carry);
for (; carry; ++i) a[i] = bc_num_subDigits(a[i], 0, &carry);
}
static void bc_num_mulArray(const BcNum *restrict a, BcBigDig b,
BcNum *restrict c)
{
size_t i;
BcBigDig carry = 0;
assert(b <= BC_BASE_POW);
if (a->len + 1 > c->cap) bc_num_expand(c, a->len + 1);
memset(c->num, 0, BC_NUM_SIZE(c->cap));
for (i = 0; i < a->len; ++i) {
BcBigDig in = ((BcBigDig) a->num[i]) * b + carry;
c->num[i] = in % BC_BASE_POW;
carry = in / BC_BASE_POW;
}
assert(carry < BC_BASE_POW);
c->num[i] = (BcDig) carry;
c->len = a->len;
c->len += (carry != 0);
bc_num_clean(c);
assert(!c->neg || BC_NUM_NONZERO(c));
assert(c->rdx <= c->len || !c->len);
assert(!c->len || c->num[c->len - 1] || c->rdx == c->len);
}
static void bc_num_divArray(const BcNum *restrict a, BcBigDig b,
BcNum *restrict c, BcBigDig *rem)
{
size_t i;
BcBigDig carry = 0;
assert(c->cap >= a->len);
for (i = a->len - 1; i < a->len; --i) {
BcBigDig in = ((BcBigDig) a->num[i]) + carry * BC_BASE_POW;
assert(in / b < BC_BASE_POW);
c->num[i] = (BcDig) (in / b);
carry = in % b;
}
c->len = a->len;
bc_num_clean(c);
*rem = carry;
assert(!c->neg || BC_NUM_NONZERO(c));
assert(c->rdx <= c->len || !c->len);
assert(!c->len || c->num[c->len - 1] || c->rdx == c->len);
}
static ssize_t bc_num_compare(const BcDig *restrict a, const BcDig *restrict b,
size_t len)
{
size_t i;
BcDig c = 0;
for (i = len - 1; i < len && !(c = a[i] - b[i]); --i);
return bc_num_neg(i + 1, c < 0);
}
ssize_t bc_num_cmp(const BcNum *a, const BcNum *b) {
size_t i, min, a_int, b_int, diff;
BcDig *max_num, *min_num;
bool a_max, neg = false;
ssize_t cmp;
assert(a != NULL && b != NULL);
if (a == b) return 0;
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(a)) return bc_num_neg(b->len != 0, !b->neg);
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(b)) return bc_num_cmpZero(a);
if (a->neg) {
if (b->neg) neg = true;
else return -1;
}
else if (b->neg) return 1;
a_int = bc_num_int(a);
b_int = bc_num_int(b);
a_int -= b_int;
if (a_int) return neg ? -((ssize_t) a_int) : (ssize_t) a_int;
a_max = (a->rdx > b->rdx);
if (a_max) {
min = b->rdx;
diff = a->rdx - b->rdx;
max_num = a->num + diff;
min_num = b->num;
}
else {
min = a->rdx;
diff = b->rdx - a->rdx;
max_num = b->num + diff;
min_num = a->num;
}
cmp = bc_num_compare(max_num, min_num, b_int + min);
if (cmp) return bc_num_neg((size_t) cmp, !a_max == !neg);
for (max_num -= diff, i = diff - 1; i < diff; --i) {
if (max_num[i]) return bc_num_neg(1, !a_max == !neg);
}
return 0;
}
void bc_num_truncate(BcNum *restrict n, size_t places) {
size_t places_rdx;
if (!places) return;
places_rdx = n->rdx ? n->rdx - BC_NUM_RDX(n->scale - places) : 0;
assert(places <= n->scale && (BC_NUM_ZERO(n) || places_rdx <= n->len));
n->scale -= places;
n->rdx -= places_rdx;
if (BC_NUM_NONZERO(n)) {
size_t pow;
pow = n->scale % BC_BASE_DIGS;
pow = pow ? BC_BASE_DIGS - pow : 0;
pow = bc_num_pow10[pow];
n->len -= places_rdx;
memmove(n->num, n->num + places_rdx, BC_NUM_SIZE(n->len));
// Clear the lower part of the last digit.
if (BC_NUM_NONZERO(n)) n->num[0] -= n->num[0] % (BcDig) pow;
bc_num_clean(n);
}
}
static void bc_num_extend(BcNum *restrict n, size_t places) {
size_t places_rdx;
if (!places) return;
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(n)) {
n->scale += places;
return;
}
places_rdx = BC_NUM_RDX(places + n->scale) - n->rdx;
if (places_rdx) {
bc_num_expand(n, bc_vm_growSize(n->len, places_rdx));
memmove(n->num + places_rdx, n->num, BC_NUM_SIZE(n->len));
memset(n->num, 0, BC_NUM_SIZE(places_rdx));
}
n->rdx += places_rdx;
n->scale += places;
n->len += places_rdx;
assert(n->rdx == BC_NUM_RDX(n->scale));
}
static void bc_num_retireMul(BcNum *restrict n, size_t scale,
bool neg1, bool neg2)
{
if (n->scale < scale) bc_num_extend(n, scale - n->scale);
else bc_num_truncate(n, n->scale - scale);
bc_num_clean(n);
if (BC_NUM_NONZERO(n)) n->neg = (!neg1 != !neg2);
}
static void bc_num_split(const BcNum *restrict n, size_t idx,
BcNum *restrict a, BcNum *restrict b)
{
assert(BC_NUM_ZERO(a));
assert(BC_NUM_ZERO(b));
if (idx < n->len) {
b->len = n->len - idx;
a->len = idx;
a->scale = a->rdx = b->scale = b->rdx = 0;
assert(a->cap >= a->len);
assert(b->cap >= b->len);
memcpy(b->num, n->num + idx, BC_NUM_SIZE(b->len));
memcpy(a->num, n->num, BC_NUM_SIZE(idx));
bc_num_clean(b);
}
else bc_num_copy(a, n);
bc_num_clean(a);
}
static size_t bc_num_shiftZero(BcNum *restrict n) {
size_t i;
assert(!n->rdx || BC_NUM_ZERO(n));
for (i = 0; i < n->len && !n->num[i]; ++i);
n->len -= i;
n->num += i;
return i;
}
static void bc_num_unshiftZero(BcNum *restrict n, size_t places_rdx) {
n->len += places_rdx;
n->num -= places_rdx;
}
static void bc_num_shift(BcNum *restrict n, BcBigDig dig) {
size_t i, len = n->len;
BcBigDig carry = 0, pow;
BcDig *ptr = n->num;
assert(dig < BC_BASE_DIGS);
pow = bc_num_pow10[dig];
dig = bc_num_pow10[BC_BASE_DIGS - dig];
for (i = len - 1; i < len; --i) {
BcBigDig in, temp;
in = ((BcBigDig) ptr[i]);
temp = carry * dig;
carry = in % pow;
ptr[i] = ((BcDig) (in / pow)) + (BcDig) temp;
}
assert(!carry);
}
static void bc_num_shiftLeft(BcNum *restrict n, size_t places) {
BcBigDig dig;
size_t places_rdx;
bool shift;
if (!places) return;
if (places > n->scale) {
size_t size = bc_vm_growSize(BC_NUM_RDX(places - n->scale), n->len);
if (size > SIZE_MAX - 1) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_MATH_OVERFLOW);
}
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(n)) {
if (n->scale >= places) n->scale -= places;
else n->scale = 0;
return;
}
dig = (BcBigDig) (places % BC_BASE_DIGS);
shift = (dig != 0);
places_rdx = BC_NUM_RDX(places);
if (n->scale) {
if (n->rdx >= places_rdx) {
size_t mod = n->scale % BC_BASE_DIGS, revdig;
mod = mod ? mod : BC_BASE_DIGS;
revdig = dig ? BC_BASE_DIGS - dig : 0;
if (mod + revdig > BC_BASE_DIGS) places_rdx = 1;
else places_rdx = 0;
}
else places_rdx -= n->rdx;
}
if (places_rdx) {
bc_num_expand(n, bc_vm_growSize(n->len, places_rdx));
memmove(n->num + places_rdx, n->num, BC_NUM_SIZE(n->len));
memset(n->num, 0, BC_NUM_SIZE(places_rdx));
n->len += places_rdx;
}
if (places > n->scale) n->scale = n->rdx = 0;
else {
n->scale -= places;
n->rdx = BC_NUM_RDX(n->scale);
}
if (shift) bc_num_shift(n, BC_BASE_DIGS - dig);
bc_num_clean(n);
}
static void bc_num_shiftRight(BcNum *restrict n, size_t places) {
BcBigDig dig;
size_t places_rdx, scale, scale_mod, int_len, expand;
bool shift;
if (!places) return;
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(n)) {
n->scale += places;
bc_num_expand(n, BC_NUM_RDX(n->scale));
return;
}
dig = (BcBigDig) (places % BC_BASE_DIGS);
shift = (dig != 0);
scale = n->scale;
scale_mod = scale % BC_BASE_DIGS;
scale_mod = scale_mod ? scale_mod : BC_BASE_DIGS;
int_len = bc_num_int(n);
places_rdx = BC_NUM_RDX(places);
if (scale_mod + dig > BC_BASE_DIGS) {
expand = places_rdx - 1;
places_rdx = 1;
}
else {
expand = places_rdx;
places_rdx = 0;
}
if (expand > int_len) expand -= int_len;
else expand = 0;
bc_num_extend(n, places_rdx * BC_BASE_DIGS);
bc_num_expand(n, bc_vm_growSize(expand, n->len));
memset(n->num + n->len, 0, BC_NUM_SIZE(expand));
n->len += expand;
n->scale = n->rdx = 0;
if (shift) bc_num_shift(n, dig);
n->scale = scale + places;
n->rdx = BC_NUM_RDX(n->scale);
bc_num_clean(n);
assert(n->rdx <= n->len && n->len <= n->cap);
assert(n->rdx == BC_NUM_RDX(n->scale));
}
static void bc_num_inv(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, size_t scale) {
BcNum one;
BcDig num[2];
assert(BC_NUM_NONZERO(a));
bc_num_setup(&one, num, sizeof(num) / sizeof(BcDig));
bc_num_one(&one);
bc_num_div(&one, a, b, scale);
}
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
static void bc_num_intop(const BcNum *a, const BcNum *b, BcNum *restrict c,
BcBigDig *v)
{
if (BC_ERR(b->rdx)) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_MATH_NON_INTEGER);
bc_num_copy(c, a);
bc_num_bigdig(b, v);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
static void bc_num_as(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *restrict c, size_t sub) {
BcDig *ptr_c, *ptr_l, *ptr_r;
size_t i, min_rdx, max_rdx, diff, a_int, b_int, min_len, max_len, max_int;
size_t len_l, len_r;
bool b_neg, do_sub, do_rev_sub, carry;
// Because this function doesn't need to use scale (per the bc spec),
// I am hijacking it to say whether it's doing an add or a subtract.
// Convert substraction to addition of negative second operand.
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(b)) {
bc_num_copy(c, a);
return;
}
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(a)) {
bc_num_copy(c, b);
c->neg = (b->neg != sub);
return;
}
// Invert sign of b if it is to be subtracted. This operation must
// preced the tests for any of the operands being zero.
b_neg = (b->neg != sub);
// Actually add the numbers if their signs are equal, else subtract.
do_sub = (a->neg != b_neg);
a_int = bc_num_int(a);
b_int = bc_num_int(b);
max_int = BC_MAX(a_int, b_int);
min_rdx = BC_MIN(a->rdx, b->rdx);
max_rdx = BC_MAX(a->rdx, b->rdx);
diff = max_rdx - min_rdx;
max_len = max_int + max_rdx;
if (do_sub) {
// Check whether b has to be subtracted from a or a from b.
if (a_int != b_int) do_rev_sub = (a_int < b_int);
else if (a->rdx > b->rdx)
do_rev_sub = (bc_num_compare(a->num + diff, b->num, b->len) < 0);
else
do_rev_sub = (bc_num_compare(a->num, b->num + diff, a->len) <= 0);
}
else {
// The result array of the addition might come out one element
// longer than the bigger of the operand arrays.
max_len += 1;
do_rev_sub = (a_int < b_int);
}
assert(max_len <= c->cap);
if (do_rev_sub) {
ptr_l = b->num;
ptr_r = a->num;
len_l = b->len;
len_r = a->len;
}
else {
ptr_l = a->num;
ptr_r = b->num;
len_l = a->len;
len_r = b->len;
}
ptr_c = c->num;
carry = false;
if (diff) {
// If the rdx values of the operands do not match, the result will
// have low end elements that are the positive or negative trailing
// elements of the operand with higher rdx value.
if ((a->rdx > b->rdx) != do_rev_sub) {
// !do_rev_sub && a->rdx > b->rdx || do_rev_sub && b->rdx > a->rdx
// The left operand has BcDig values that need to be copied,
// either from a or from b (in case of a reversed subtraction).
memcpy(ptr_c, ptr_l, BC_NUM_SIZE(diff));
ptr_l += diff;
len_l -= diff;
}
else {
// The right operand has BcDig values that need to be copied
// or subtracted from zero (in case of a subtraction).
if (do_sub) {
// do_sub (do_rev_sub && a->rdx > b->rdx ||
// !do_rev_sub && b->rdx > a->rdx)
for (i = 0; i < diff; i++)
ptr_c[i] = bc_num_subDigits(0, ptr_r[i], &carry);
}
else {
// !do_sub && b->rdx > a->rdx
memcpy(ptr_c, ptr_r, BC_NUM_SIZE(diff));
}
ptr_r += diff;
len_r -= diff;
}
ptr_c += diff;
}
min_len = BC_MIN(len_l, len_r);
// After dealing with possible low array elements that depend on only one
// operand, the actual add or subtract can be performed as if the rdx of
// both operands was the same.
// Inlining takes care of eliminating constant zero arguments to
// addDigit/subDigit (checked in disassembly of resulting bc binary
// compiled with gcc and clang).
if (do_sub) {
for (i = 0; i < min_len; ++i)
ptr_c[i] = bc_num_subDigits(ptr_l[i], ptr_r[i], &carry);
for (; i < len_l; ++i) ptr_c[i] = bc_num_subDigits(ptr_l[i], 0, &carry);
}
else {
for (i = 0; i < min_len; ++i)
ptr_c[i] = bc_num_addDigits(ptr_l[i], ptr_r[i], &carry);
for (; i < len_l; ++i) ptr_c[i] = bc_num_addDigits(ptr_l[i], 0, &carry);
ptr_c[i] = bc_num_addDigits(0, 0, &carry);
}
assert(carry == false);
// The result has the same sign as a, unless the operation was a
// reverse subtraction (b - a).
c->neg = (a->neg != (do_sub && do_rev_sub));
c->len = max_len;
c->rdx = max_rdx;
c->scale = BC_MAX(a->scale, b->scale);
bc_num_clean(c);
}
static void bc_num_m_simp(const BcNum *a, const BcNum *b, BcNum *restrict c)
{
size_t i, alen = a->len, blen = b->len, clen;
BcDig *ptr_a = a->num, *ptr_b = b->num, *ptr_c;
BcBigDig sum = 0, carry = 0;
assert(sizeof(sum) >= sizeof(BcDig) * 2);
assert(!a->rdx && !b->rdx);
clen = bc_vm_growSize(alen, blen);
bc_num_expand(c, bc_vm_growSize(clen, 1));
ptr_c = c->num;
memset(ptr_c, 0, BC_NUM_SIZE(c->cap));
for (i = 0; i < clen; ++i) {
ssize_t sidx = (ssize_t) (i - blen + 1);
size_t j = (size_t) BC_MAX(0, sidx), k = BC_MIN(i, blen - 1);
for (; j < alen && k < blen; ++j, --k) {
sum += ((BcBigDig) ptr_a[j]) * ((BcBigDig) ptr_b[k]);
if (sum >= ((BcBigDig) BC_BASE_POW) * BC_BASE_POW) {
carry += sum / BC_BASE_POW;
sum %= BC_BASE_POW;
}
}
if (sum >= BC_BASE_POW) {
carry += sum / BC_BASE_POW;
sum %= BC_BASE_POW;
}
ptr_c[i] = (BcDig) sum;
assert(ptr_c[i] < BC_BASE_POW);
sum = carry;
carry = 0;
}
// This should always be true because there should be no carry on the last
// digit; multiplication never goes above the sum of both lengths.
assert(!sum);
c->len = clen;
}
static void bc_num_shiftAddSub(BcNum *restrict n, const BcNum *restrict a,
size_t shift, BcNumShiftAddOp op)
{
assert(n->len >= shift + a->len);
assert(!n->rdx && !a->rdx);
op(n->num + shift, a->num, a->len);
}
static void bc_num_k(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *restrict c) {
size_t max, max2, total;
BcNum l1, h1, l2, h2, m2, m1, z0, z1, z2, temp;
BcDig *digs, *dig_ptr;
BcNumShiftAddOp op;
bool aone = BC_NUM_ONE(a);
assert(BC_NUM_ZERO(c));
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(a) || BC_NUM_ZERO(b)) return;
if (aone || BC_NUM_ONE(b)) {
bc_num_copy(c, aone ? b : a);
if ((aone && a->neg) || b->neg) c->neg = !c->neg;
return;
}
if (a->len < BC_NUM_KARATSUBA_LEN || b->len < BC_NUM_KARATSUBA_LEN) {
bc_num_m_simp(a, b, c);
return;
}
max = BC_MAX(a->len, b->len);
max = BC_MAX(max, BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE);
max2 = (max + 1) / 2;
total = bc_vm_arraySize(BC_NUM_KARATSUBA_ALLOCS, max);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
digs = dig_ptr = bc_vm_malloc(BC_NUM_SIZE(total));
bc_num_setup(&l1, dig_ptr, max);
dig_ptr += max;
bc_num_setup(&h1, dig_ptr, max);
dig_ptr += max;
bc_num_setup(&l2, dig_ptr, max);
dig_ptr += max;
bc_num_setup(&h2, dig_ptr, max);
dig_ptr += max;
bc_num_setup(&m1, dig_ptr, max);
dig_ptr += max;
bc_num_setup(&m2, dig_ptr, max);
max = bc_vm_growSize(max, 1);
bc_num_init(&z0, max);
bc_num_init(&z1, max);
bc_num_init(&z2, max);
max = bc_vm_growSize(max, max) + 1;
bc_num_init(&temp, max);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_num_split(a, max2, &l1, &h1);
bc_num_split(b, max2, &l2, &h2);
bc_num_expand(c, max);
c->len = max;
memset(c->num, 0, BC_NUM_SIZE(c->len));
bc_num_sub(&h1, &l1, &m1, 0);
bc_num_sub(&l2, &h2, &m2, 0);
if (BC_NUM_NONZERO(&h1) && BC_NUM_NONZERO(&h2)) {
bc_num_m(&h1, &h2, &z2, 0);
bc_num_clean(&z2);
bc_num_shiftAddSub(c, &z2, max2 * 2, bc_num_addArrays);
bc_num_shiftAddSub(c, &z2, max2, bc_num_addArrays);
}
if (BC_NUM_NONZERO(&l1) && BC_NUM_NONZERO(&l2)) {
bc_num_m(&l1, &l2, &z0, 0);
bc_num_clean(&z0);
bc_num_shiftAddSub(c, &z0, max2, bc_num_addArrays);
bc_num_shiftAddSub(c, &z0, 0, bc_num_addArrays);
}
if (BC_NUM_NONZERO(&m1) && BC_NUM_NONZERO(&m2)) {
bc_num_m(&m1, &m2, &z1, 0);
bc_num_clean(&z1);
op = (m1.neg != m2.neg) ? bc_num_subArrays : bc_num_addArrays;
bc_num_shiftAddSub(c, &z1, max2, op);
}
err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
free(digs);
bc_num_free(&temp);
bc_num_free(&z2);
bc_num_free(&z1);
bc_num_free(&z0);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
static void bc_num_m(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *restrict c, size_t scale) {
BcNum cpa, cpb;
size_t ascale, bscale, ardx, brdx, azero = 0, bzero = 0, zero, len, rscale;
bc_num_zero(c);
ascale = a->scale;
bscale = b->scale;
scale = BC_MAX(scale, ascale);
scale = BC_MAX(scale, bscale);
rscale = ascale + bscale;
scale = BC_MIN(rscale, scale);
if ((a->len == 1 || b->len == 1) && !a->rdx && !b->rdx) {
BcNum *operand;
BcBigDig dig;
if (a->len == 1) {
dig = (BcBigDig) a->num[0];
operand = b;
}
else {
dig = (BcBigDig) b->num[0];
operand = a;
}
bc_num_mulArray(operand, dig, c);
if (BC_NUM_NONZERO(c)) c->neg = (a->neg != b->neg);
return;
}
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(&cpa, a->len + a->rdx);
bc_num_init(&cpb, b->len + b->rdx);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_num_copy(&cpa, a);
bc_num_copy(&cpb, b);
cpa.neg = cpb.neg = false;
ardx = cpa.rdx * BC_BASE_DIGS;
bc_num_shiftLeft(&cpa, ardx);
brdx = cpb.rdx * BC_BASE_DIGS;
bc_num_shiftLeft(&cpb, brdx);
// We need to reset the jump here because azero and bzero are used in the
// cleanup, and local variables are not guaranteed to be the same after a
// jump.
BC_SIG_LOCK;
BC_UNSETJMP;
azero = bc_num_shiftZero(&cpa);
bzero = bc_num_shiftZero(&cpb);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_num_clean(&cpa);
bc_num_clean(&cpb);
bc_num_k(&cpa, &cpb, c);
zero = bc_vm_growSize(azero, bzero);
len = bc_vm_growSize(c->len, zero);
bc_num_expand(c, len);
bc_num_shiftLeft(c, (len - c->len) * BC_BASE_DIGS);
bc_num_shiftRight(c, ardx + brdx);
bc_num_retireMul(c, scale, a->neg, b->neg);
err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_unshiftZero(&cpb, bzero);
bc_num_free(&cpb);
bc_num_unshiftZero(&cpa, azero);
bc_num_free(&cpa);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
static bool bc_num_nonZeroDig(BcDig *restrict a, size_t len) {
size_t i;
bool nonzero = false;
for (i = len - 1; !nonzero && i < len; --i) nonzero = (a[i] != 0);
return nonzero;
}
static ssize_t bc_num_divCmp(const BcDig *a, const BcNum *b, size_t len) {
ssize_t cmp;
if (b->len > len && a[len]) cmp = bc_num_compare(a, b->num, len + 1);
else if (b->len <= len) {
if (a[len]) cmp = 1;
else cmp = bc_num_compare(a, b->num, len);
}
else cmp = -1;
return cmp;
}
static void bc_num_divExtend(BcNum *restrict a, BcNum *restrict b,
BcBigDig divisor)
{
size_t pow;
assert(divisor < BC_BASE_POW);
pow = BC_BASE_DIGS - bc_num_log10((size_t) divisor);
bc_num_shiftLeft(a, pow);
bc_num_shiftLeft(b, pow);
}
static void bc_num_d_long(BcNum *restrict a, BcNum *restrict b,
BcNum *restrict c, size_t scale)
{
BcBigDig divisor;
size_t len, end, i, rdx;
BcNum cpb;
bool nonzero = false;
assert(b->len < a->len);
len = b->len;
end = a->len - len;
assert(len >= 1);
bc_num_expand(c, a->len);
memset(c->num, 0, c->cap * sizeof(BcDig));
c->rdx = a->rdx;
c->scale = a->scale;
c->len = a->len;
divisor = (BcBigDig) b->num[len - 1];
if (len > 1 && bc_num_nonZeroDig(b->num, len - 1)) {
nonzero = (divisor > 1 << ((10 * BC_BASE_DIGS) / 6 + 1));
if (!nonzero) {
bc_num_divExtend(a, b, divisor);
len = BC_MAX(a->len, b->len);
bc_num_expand(a, len + 1);
if (len + 1 > a->len) a->len = len + 1;
len = b->len;
end = a->len - len;
divisor = (BcBigDig) b->num[len - 1];
nonzero = bc_num_nonZeroDig(b->num, len - 1);
}
}
divisor += nonzero;
bc_num_expand(c, a->len);
memset(c->num, 0, BC_NUM_SIZE(c->cap));
assert(c->scale >= scale);
rdx = c->rdx - BC_NUM_RDX(scale);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(&cpb, len + 1);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
i = end - 1;
for (; i < end && i >= rdx && BC_NUM_NONZERO(a); --i) {
ssize_t cmp;
BcDig *n;
BcBigDig result;
n = a->num + i;
assert(n >= a->num);
result = 0;
cmp = bc_num_divCmp(n, b, len);
while (cmp >= 0) {
BcBigDig n1, dividend, q;
n1 = (BcBigDig) n[len];
dividend = n1 * BC_BASE_POW + (BcBigDig) n[len - 1];
q = (dividend / divisor);
if (q <= 1) {
q = 1;
bc_num_subArrays(n, b->num, len);
}
else {
assert(q <= BC_BASE_POW);
bc_num_mulArray(b, (BcBigDig) q, &cpb);
bc_num_subArrays(n, cpb.num, cpb.len);
}
result += q;
assert(result <= BC_BASE_POW);
if (nonzero) cmp = bc_num_divCmp(n, b, len);
else cmp = -1;
}
assert(result < BC_BASE_POW);
c->num[i] = (BcDig) result;
}
err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&cpb);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
static void bc_num_d(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *restrict c, size_t scale) {
size_t len;
BcNum cpa, cpb;
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(b)) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_MATH_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO);
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(a)) {
bc_num_setToZero(c, scale);
return;
}
if (BC_NUM_ONE(b)) {
bc_num_copy(c, a);
bc_num_retireMul(c, scale, a->neg, b->neg);
return;
}
if (!a->rdx && !b->rdx && b->len == 1 && !scale) {
BcBigDig rem;
bc_num_divArray(a, (BcBigDig) b->num[0], c, &rem);
bc_num_retireMul(c, scale, a->neg, b->neg);
return;
}
len = bc_num_mulReq(a, b, scale);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(&cpa, len);
bc_num_copy(&cpa, a);
bc_num_createCopy(&cpb, b);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
len = b->len;
if (len > cpa.len) {
bc_num_expand(&cpa, bc_vm_growSize(len, 2));
bc_num_extend(&cpa, (len - cpa.len) * BC_BASE_DIGS);
}
cpa.scale = cpa.rdx * BC_BASE_DIGS;
bc_num_extend(&cpa, b->scale);
cpa.rdx -= BC_NUM_RDX(b->scale);
cpa.scale = cpa.rdx * BC_BASE_DIGS;
if (scale > cpa.scale) {
bc_num_extend(&cpa, scale);
cpa.scale = cpa.rdx * BC_BASE_DIGS;
}
if (cpa.cap == cpa.len) bc_num_expand(&cpa, bc_vm_growSize(cpa.len, 1));
// We want an extra zero in front to make things simpler.
cpa.num[cpa.len++] = 0;
if (cpa.rdx == cpa.len) cpa.len = bc_num_nonzeroLen(&cpa);
if (cpb.rdx == cpb.len) cpb.len = bc_num_nonzeroLen(&cpb);
cpb.scale = cpb.rdx = 0;
bc_num_d_long(&cpa, &cpb, c, scale);
bc_num_retireMul(c, scale, a->neg, b->neg);
err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&cpb);
bc_num_free(&cpa);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
static void bc_num_r(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *restrict c,
BcNum *restrict d, size_t scale, size_t ts)
{
BcNum temp;
bool neg;
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(b)) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_MATH_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO);
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(a)) {
bc_num_setToZero(c, ts);
bc_num_setToZero(d, ts);
return;
}
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(&temp, d->cap);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_num_d(a, b, c, scale);
if (scale) scale = ts + 1;
bc_num_m(c, b, &temp, scale);
bc_num_sub(a, &temp, d, scale);
if (ts > d->scale && BC_NUM_NONZERO(d)) bc_num_extend(d, ts - d->scale);
neg = d->neg;
bc_num_retireMul(d, ts, a->neg, b->neg);
d->neg = BC_NUM_NONZERO(d) ? neg : false;
err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&temp);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
static void bc_num_rem(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *restrict c, size_t scale) {
BcNum c1;
size_t ts;
ts = bc_vm_growSize(scale, b->scale);
ts = BC_MAX(ts, a->scale);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(&c1, bc_num_mulReq(a, b, ts));
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_num_r(a, b, &c1, c, scale, ts);
err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&c1);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
static void bc_num_p(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *restrict c, size_t scale) {
BcNum copy;
BcBigDig pow = 0;
size_t i, powrdx, resrdx;
bool neg, zero;
if (BC_ERR(b->rdx)) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_MATH_NON_INTEGER);
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(b)) {
bc_num_one(c);
return;
}
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(a)) {
if (b->neg) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_MATH_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO);
bc_num_setToZero(c, scale);
return;
}
if (BC_NUM_ONE(b)) {
if (!b->neg) bc_num_copy(c, a);
else bc_num_inv(a, c, scale);
return;
}
BC_SIG_LOCK;
neg = b->neg;
b->neg = false;
bc_num_bigdig(b, &pow);
b->neg = neg;
bc_num_createCopy(&copy, a);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
if (!neg) {
size_t max = BC_MAX(scale, a->scale), scalepow = a->scale * pow;
scale = BC_MIN(scalepow, max);
}
for (powrdx = a->scale; !(pow & 1); pow >>= 1) {
powrdx <<= 1;
bc_num_mul(&copy, &copy, &copy, powrdx);
}
bc_num_copy(c, &copy);
resrdx = powrdx;
while (pow >>= 1) {
powrdx <<= 1;
bc_num_mul(&copy, &copy, &copy, powrdx);
if (pow & 1) {
resrdx += powrdx;
bc_num_mul(c, &copy, c, resrdx);
}
}
if (neg) bc_num_inv(c, c, scale);
if (c->scale > scale) bc_num_truncate(c, c->scale - scale);
// We can't use bc_num_clean() here.
for (zero = true, i = 0; zero && i < c->len; ++i) zero = !c->num[i];
if (zero) bc_num_setToZero(c, scale);
err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&copy);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
static void bc_num_place(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *restrict c, size_t scale) {
BcBigDig val = 0;
BC_UNUSED(scale);
bc_num_intop(a, b, c, &val);
if (val < c->scale) bc_num_truncate(c, c->scale - val);
else if (val > c->scale) bc_num_extend(c, val - c->scale);
}
static void bc_num_left(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *restrict c, size_t scale) {
BcBigDig val = 0;
BC_UNUSED(scale);
bc_num_intop(a, b, c, &val);
bc_num_shiftLeft(c, (size_t) val);
}
static void bc_num_right(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *restrict c, size_t scale) {
BcBigDig val = 0;
BC_UNUSED(scale);
bc_num_intop(a, b, c, &val);
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(c)) return;
bc_num_shiftRight(c, (size_t) val);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
static void bc_num_binary(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale,
BcNumBinaryOp op, size_t req)
{
BcNum num2, *ptr_a, *ptr_b;
bool init = false;
assert(a != NULL && b != NULL && c != NULL && op != NULL);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
if (c == a) {
ptr_a = &num2;
memcpy(ptr_a, c, sizeof(BcNum));
init = true;
}
else ptr_a = a;
if (c == b) {
ptr_b = &num2;
if (c != a) {
memcpy(ptr_b, c, sizeof(BcNum));
init = true;
}
}
else ptr_b = b;
if (init) {
bc_num_init(c, req);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
}
else {
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_num_expand(c, req);
}
op(ptr_a, ptr_b, c, scale);
assert(!c->neg || BC_NUM_NONZERO(c));
assert(c->rdx <= c->len || !c->len);
assert(!c->len || c->num[c->len - 1] || c->rdx == c->len);
err:
if (init) {
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&num2);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
}
#ifndef NDEBUG
static bool bc_num_strValid(const char *val) {
bool radix = false;
size_t i, len = strlen(val);
if (!len) return true;
for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
BcDig c = val[i];
if (c == '.') {
if (radix) return false;
radix = true;
continue;
}
if (!(isdigit(c) || isupper(c))) return false;
}
return true;
}
#endif // NDEBUG
static BcBigDig bc_num_parseChar(char c, size_t base_t) {
if (isupper(c)) {
c = BC_NUM_NUM_LETTER(c);
c = ((size_t) c) >= base_t ? (char) base_t - 1 : c;
}
else c -= '0';
return (BcBigDig) (uchar) c;
}
static void bc_num_parseDecimal(BcNum *restrict n, const char *restrict val) {
size_t len, i, temp, mod;
const char *ptr;
bool zero = true, rdx;
for (i = 0; val[i] == '0'; ++i);
val += i;
assert(!val[0] || isalnum(val[0]) || val[0] == '.');
// All 0's. We can just return, since this
// procedure expects a virgin (already 0) BcNum.
if (!val[0]) return;
len = strlen(val);
ptr = strchr(val, '.');
rdx = (ptr != NULL);
for (i = 0; i < len && (zero = (val[i] == '0' || val[i] == '.')); ++i);
n->scale = (size_t) (rdx * ((val + len) - (ptr + 1)));
n->rdx = BC_NUM_RDX(n->scale);
i = len - (ptr == val ? 0 : i) - rdx;
temp = BC_NUM_ROUND_POW(i);
mod = n->scale % BC_BASE_DIGS;
i = mod ? BC_BASE_DIGS - mod : 0;
n->len = ((temp + i) / BC_BASE_DIGS);
bc_num_expand(n, n->len);
memset(n->num, 0, BC_NUM_SIZE(n->len));
if (zero) n->len = n->rdx = 0;
else {
BcBigDig exp, pow;
assert(i <= BC_NUM_BIGDIG_MAX);
exp = (BcBigDig) i;
pow = bc_num_pow10[exp];
for (i = len - 1; i < len; --i, ++exp) {
char c = val[i];
if (c == '.') exp -= 1;
else {
size_t idx = exp / BC_BASE_DIGS;
if (isupper(c)) c = '9';
n->num[idx] += (((BcBigDig) c) - '0') * pow;
if ((exp + 1) % BC_BASE_DIGS == 0) pow = 1;
else pow *= BC_BASE;
}
}
}
}
static void bc_num_parseBase(BcNum *restrict n, const char *restrict val,
BcBigDig base)
{
BcNum temp, mult1, mult2, result1, result2, *m1, *m2, *ptr;
char c = 0;
bool zero = true;
BcBigDig v;
size_t i, digs, len = strlen(val);
for (i = 0; zero && i < len; ++i) zero = (val[i] == '.' || val[i] == '0');
if (zero) return;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(&temp, BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10);
bc_num_init(&mult1, BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(int_err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
for (i = 0; i < len && (c = val[i]) && c != '.'; ++i) {
v = bc_num_parseChar(c, base);
bc_num_mulArray(n, base, &mult1);
bc_num_bigdig2num(&temp, v);
bc_num_add(&mult1, &temp, n, 0);
}
if (i == len && !(c = val[i])) goto int_err;
assert(c == '.');
BC_SIG_LOCK;
BC_UNSETJMP;
bc_num_init(&mult2, BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10);
bc_num_init(&result1, BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE);
bc_num_init(&result2, BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE);
bc_num_one(&mult1);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
m1 = &mult1;
m2 = &mult2;
for (i += 1, digs = 0; i < len && (c = val[i]); ++i, ++digs) {
v = bc_num_parseChar(c, base);
bc_num_mulArray(&result1, base, &result2);
bc_num_bigdig2num(&temp, v);
bc_num_add(&result2, &temp, &result1, 0);
bc_num_mulArray(m1, base, m2);
if (m2->len < m2->rdx) m2->len = m2->rdx;
ptr = m1;
m1 = m2;
m2 = ptr;
}
// This one cannot be a divide by 0 because mult starts out at 1, then is
// multiplied by base, and base cannot be 0, so mult cannot be 0.
bc_num_div(&result1, m1, &result2, digs * 2);
bc_num_truncate(&result2, digs);
bc_num_add(n, &result2, n, digs);
if (BC_NUM_NONZERO(n)) {
if (n->scale < digs) bc_num_extend(n, digs - n->scale);
}
else bc_num_zero(n);
err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&result2);
bc_num_free(&result1);
bc_num_free(&mult2);
int_err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&mult1);
bc_num_free(&temp);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
static void bc_num_printNewline(void) {
if (vm.nchars >= vm.line_len - 1) {
bc_vm_putchar('\\');
bc_vm_putchar('\n');
}
}
static void bc_num_putchar(int c) {
if (c != '\n') bc_num_printNewline();
bc_vm_putchar(c);
}
#if DC_ENABLED
static void bc_num_printChar(size_t n, size_t len, bool rdx) {
BC_UNUSED(rdx);
BC_UNUSED(len);
assert(len == 1);
bc_vm_putchar((uchar) n);
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
static void bc_num_printDigits(size_t n, size_t len, bool rdx) {
size_t exp, pow;
bc_num_putchar(rdx ? '.' : ' ');
for (exp = 0, pow = 1; exp < len - 1; ++exp, pow *= BC_BASE);
for (exp = 0; exp < len; pow /= BC_BASE, ++exp) {
size_t dig = n / pow;
n -= dig * pow;
bc_num_putchar(((uchar) dig) + '0');
}
}
static void bc_num_printHex(size_t n, size_t len, bool rdx) {
BC_UNUSED(len);
assert(len == 1);
if (rdx) bc_num_putchar('.');
bc_num_putchar(bc_num_hex_digits[n]);
}
static void bc_num_printDecimal(const BcNum *restrict n) {
size_t i, j, rdx = n->rdx;
bool zero = true;
size_t buffer[BC_BASE_DIGS];
if (n->neg) bc_num_putchar('-');
for (i = n->len - 1; i < n->len; --i) {
BcDig n9 = n->num[i];
size_t temp;
bool irdx = (i == rdx - 1);
zero = (zero & !irdx);
temp = n->scale % BC_BASE_DIGS;
temp = i || !temp ? 0 : BC_BASE_DIGS - temp;
memset(buffer, 0, BC_BASE_DIGS * sizeof(size_t));
for (j = 0; n9 && j < BC_BASE_DIGS; ++j) {
buffer[j] = n9 % BC_BASE;
n9 /= BC_BASE;
}
for (j = BC_BASE_DIGS - 1; j < BC_BASE_DIGS && j >= temp; --j) {
bool print_rdx = (irdx & (j == BC_BASE_DIGS - 1));
zero = (zero && buffer[j] == 0);
if (!zero) bc_num_printHex(buffer[j], 1, print_rdx);
}
}
}
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
static void bc_num_printExponent(const BcNum *restrict n, bool eng) {
bool neg = (n->len <= n->rdx);
BcNum temp, exp;
size_t places, mod;
BcDig digs[BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10];
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_createCopy(&temp, n);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(exit);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
if (neg) {
size_t i, idx = bc_num_nonzeroLen(n) - 1;
places = 1;
for (i = BC_BASE_DIGS - 1; i < BC_BASE_DIGS; --i) {
if (bc_num_pow10[i] > (BcBigDig) n->num[idx]) places += 1;
else break;
}
places += (n->rdx - (idx + 1)) * BC_BASE_DIGS;
mod = places % 3;
if (eng && mod != 0) places += 3 - mod;
bc_num_shiftLeft(&temp, places);
}
else {
places = bc_num_intDigits(n) - 1;
mod = places % 3;
if (eng && mod != 0) places -= 3 - (3 - mod);
bc_num_shiftRight(&temp, places);
}
bc_num_printDecimal(&temp);
bc_num_putchar('e');
if (!places) {
bc_num_printHex(0, 1, false);
goto exit;
}
if (neg) bc_num_putchar('-');
bc_num_setup(&exp, digs, BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10);
bc_num_bigdig2num(&exp, (BcBigDig) places);
bc_num_printDecimal(&exp);
exit:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&temp);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
static void bc_num_printFixup(BcNum *restrict n, BcBigDig rem,
BcBigDig pow, size_t idx)
{
size_t i, len = n->len - idx;
BcBigDig acc;
BcDig *a = n->num + idx;
if (len < 2) return;
for (i = len - 1; i > 0; --i) {
acc = ((BcBigDig) a[i]) * rem + ((BcBigDig) a[i - 1]);
a[i - 1] = (BcDig) (acc % pow);
acc /= pow;
acc += (BcBigDig) a[i];
if (acc >= BC_BASE_POW) {
if (i == len - 1) {
len = bc_vm_growSize(len, 1);
bc_num_expand(n, bc_vm_growSize(len, idx));
a = n->num + idx;
a[len - 1] = 0;
}
a[i + 1] += acc / BC_BASE_POW;
acc %= BC_BASE_POW;
}
assert(acc < BC_BASE_POW);
a[i] = (BcDig) acc;
}
n->len = len + idx;
}
static void bc_num_printPrepare(BcNum *restrict n, BcBigDig rem,
BcBigDig pow)
{
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < n->len; ++i) bc_num_printFixup(n, rem, pow, i);
for (i = 0; i < n->len; ++i) {
assert(pow == ((BcBigDig) ((BcDig) pow)));
if (n->num[i] >= (BcDig) pow) {
if (i + 1 == n->len) {
n->len = bc_vm_growSize(n->len, 1);
bc_num_expand(n, n->len);
n->num[i + 1] = 0;
}
assert(pow < BC_BASE_POW);
n->num[i + 1] += n->num[i] / ((BcDig) pow);
n->num[i] %= (BcDig) pow;
}
}
}
static void bc_num_printNum(BcNum *restrict n, BcBigDig base,
size_t len, BcNumDigitOp print)
{
BcVec stack;
BcNum intp, fracp1, fracp2, digit, flen1, flen2, *n1, *n2, *temp;
BcBigDig dig = 0, *ptr, acc, exp;
size_t i, j;
bool radix;
BcDig digit_digs[BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10 + 1];
assert(base > 1);
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(n)) {
print(0, len, false);
return;
}
// This function uses an algorithm that Stefan Esser <se@freebsd.org> came
// up with to print the integer part of a number. What it does is convert
// intp into a number of the specified base, but it does it directly,
// instead of just doing a series of divisions and printing the remainders
// in reverse order.
//
// Let me explain in a bit more detail:
//
// The algorithm takes the current least significant digit (after intp has
// been converted to an integer) and the next to least significant digit,
// and it converts the least significant digit into one of the specified
// base, putting any overflow into the next to least significant digit. It
// iterates through the whole number, from least significant to most
// significant, doing this conversion. At the end of that iteration, the
// least significant digit is converted, but the others are not, so it
// iterates again, starting at the next to least significant digit. It keeps
// doing that conversion, skipping one more digit than the last time, until
// all digits have been converted. Then it prints them in reverse order.
//
// That is the gist of the algorithm. It leaves out several things, such as
// the fact that digits are not always converted into the specified base,
// but into something close, basically a power of the specified base. In
// Stefan's words, "You could consider BcDigs to be of base 10^BC_BASE_DIGS
// in the normal case and obase^N for the largest value of N that satisfies
// obase^N <= 10^BC_BASE_DIGS. [This means that] the result is not in base
// "obase", but in base "obase^N", which happens to be printable as a number
// of base "obase" without consideration for neighbouring BcDigs." This fact
// is what necessitates the existence of the loop later in this function.
//
// The conversion happens in bc_num_printPrepare() where the outer loop
// happens and bc_num_printFixup() where the inner loop, or actual
// conversion, happens.
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_vec_init(&stack, sizeof(BcBigDig), NULL);
bc_num_init(&fracp1, n->rdx);
bc_num_createCopy(&intp, n);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_num_truncate(&intp, intp.scale);
bc_num_sub(n, &intp, &fracp1, 0);
if (base != vm.last_base) {
vm.last_pow = 1;
vm.last_exp = 0;
while (vm.last_pow * base <= BC_BASE_POW) {
vm.last_pow *= base;
vm.last_exp += 1;
}
vm.last_rem = BC_BASE_POW - vm.last_pow;
vm.last_base = base;
}
exp = vm.last_exp;
if (vm.last_rem != 0) bc_num_printPrepare(&intp, vm.last_rem, vm.last_pow);
for (i = 0; i < intp.len; ++i) {
acc = (BcBigDig) intp.num[i];
for (j = 0; j < exp && (i < intp.len - 1 || acc != 0); ++j)
{
if (j != exp - 1) {
dig = acc % base;
acc /= base;
}
else {
dig = acc;
acc = 0;
}
assert(dig < base);
bc_vec_push(&stack, &dig);
}
assert(acc == 0);
}
for (i = 0; i < stack.len; ++i) {
ptr = bc_vec_item_rev(&stack, i);
assert(ptr != NULL);
print(*ptr, len, false);
}
if (!n->scale) goto err;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
BC_UNSETJMP;
bc_num_init(&fracp2, n->rdx);
bc_num_setup(&digit, digit_digs, sizeof(digit_digs) / sizeof(BcDig));
bc_num_init(&flen1, BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10);
bc_num_init(&flen2, BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(frac_err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_num_one(&flen1);
radix = true;
n1 = &flen1;
n2 = &flen2;
fracp2.scale = n->scale;
fracp2.rdx = BC_NUM_RDX(fracp2.scale);
while (bc_num_intDigits(n1) < n->scale + 1) {
bc_num_expand(&fracp2, fracp1.len + 1);
bc_num_mulArray(&fracp1, base, &fracp2);
if (fracp2.len < fracp2.rdx) fracp2.len = fracp2.rdx;
// fracp is guaranteed to be non-negative and small enough.
bc_num_bigdig2(&fracp2, &dig);
bc_num_bigdig2num(&digit, dig);
bc_num_sub(&fracp2, &digit, &fracp1, 0);
print(dig, len, radix);
bc_num_mulArray(n1, base, n2);
radix = false;
temp = n1;
n1 = n2;
n2 = temp;
}
frac_err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&flen2);
bc_num_free(&flen1);
bc_num_free(&fracp2);
err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&fracp1);
bc_num_free(&intp);
bc_vec_free(&stack);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
static void bc_num_printBase(BcNum *restrict n, BcBigDig base) {
size_t width;
BcNumDigitOp print;
bool neg = n->neg;
if (neg) bc_num_putchar('-');
n->neg = false;
if (base <= BC_NUM_MAX_POSIX_IBASE) {
width = 1;
print = bc_num_printHex;
}
else {
assert(base <= BC_BASE_POW);
width = bc_num_log10(base - 1);
print = bc_num_printDigits;
}
bc_num_printNum(n, base, width, print);
n->neg = neg;
}
#if DC_ENABLED
void bc_num_stream(BcNum *restrict n, BcBigDig base) {
bc_num_printNum(n, base, 1, bc_num_printChar);
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
void bc_num_setup(BcNum *restrict n, BcDig *restrict num, size_t cap) {
assert(n != NULL);
n->num = num;
n->cap = cap;
bc_num_zero(n);
}
void bc_num_init(BcNum *restrict n, size_t req) {
BcDig *num;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(n != NULL);
req = req >= BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE ? req : BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE;
if (req == BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE && vm.temps.len) {
BcNum *nptr = bc_vec_top(&vm.temps);
num = nptr->num;
- req = nptr->cap;
bc_vec_pop(&vm.temps);
}
else num = bc_vm_malloc(BC_NUM_SIZE(req));
bc_num_setup(n, num, req);
}
void bc_num_clear(BcNum *restrict n) {
n->num = NULL;
n->cap = 0;
}
void bc_num_free(void *num) {
BcNum *n = (BcNum*) num;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(n != NULL);
if (n->cap == BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE) bc_vec_push(&vm.temps, n);
else free(n->num);
}
void bc_num_copy(BcNum *d, const BcNum *s) {
assert(d != NULL && s != NULL);
if (d == s) return;
bc_num_expand(d, s->len);
d->len = s->len;
d->neg = s->neg;
d->rdx = s->rdx;
d->scale = s->scale;
memcpy(d->num, s->num, BC_NUM_SIZE(d->len));
}
void bc_num_createCopy(BcNum *d, const BcNum *s) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
bc_num_init(d, s->len);
bc_num_copy(d, s);
}
void bc_num_createFromBigdig(BcNum *n, BcBigDig val) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
bc_num_init(n, (BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10 - 1) / BC_BASE_DIGS + 1);
bc_num_bigdig2num(n, val);
}
size_t bc_num_scale(const BcNum *restrict n) {
return n->scale;
}
size_t bc_num_len(const BcNum *restrict n) {
size_t len = n->len;
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(n)) return 0;
if (n->rdx == len) {
size_t zero, scale;
len = bc_num_nonzeroLen(n);
scale = n->scale % BC_BASE_DIGS;
scale = scale ? scale : BC_BASE_DIGS;
zero = bc_num_zeroDigits(n->num + len - 1);
len = len * BC_BASE_DIGS - zero - (BC_BASE_DIGS - scale);
}
else len = bc_num_intDigits(n) + n->scale;
return len;
}
void bc_num_parse(BcNum *restrict n, const char *restrict val,
BcBigDig base, bool letter)
{
assert(n != NULL && val != NULL && base);
assert(base >= BC_NUM_MIN_BASE && base <= vm.maxes[BC_PROG_GLOBALS_IBASE]);
assert(bc_num_strValid(val));
if (letter) {
BcBigDig dig = bc_num_parseChar(val[0], BC_NUM_MAX_LBASE);
bc_num_bigdig2num(n, dig);
}
else if (base == BC_BASE) bc_num_parseDecimal(n, val);
else bc_num_parseBase(n, val, base);
}
void bc_num_print(BcNum *restrict n, BcBigDig base, bool newline) {
assert(n != NULL);
assert(BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH || base >= BC_NUM_MIN_BASE);
bc_num_printNewline();
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(n)) bc_num_printHex(0, 1, false);
else if (base == BC_BASE) bc_num_printDecimal(n);
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
else if (base == 0 || base == 1)
bc_num_printExponent(n, base != 0);
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
else bc_num_printBase(n, base);
if (newline) bc_num_putchar('\n');
}
void bc_num_bigdig2(const BcNum *restrict n, BcBigDig *result) {
// This function returns no errors because it's guaranteed to succeed if
// its preconditions are met. Those preconditions include both parameters
// being non-NULL, n being non-negative, and n being less than vm.max. If
// all of that is true, then we can just convert without worrying about
// negative errors or overflow. We also don't care about signals because
// this function should execute in only a few iterations, meaning that
// ignoring signals here should be fine.
BcBigDig r = 0;
assert(n != NULL && result != NULL);
assert(!n->neg);
assert(bc_num_cmp(n, &vm.max) < 0);
assert(n->len - n->rdx <= 3);
// There is a small speed win from unrolling the loop here, and since it
// only adds 53 bytes, I decided that it was worth it.
switch (n->len - n->rdx) {
case 3:
r = (BcBigDig) n->num[n->rdx + 2];
// Fallthrough.
case 2:
r = r * BC_BASE_POW + (BcBigDig) n->num[n->rdx + 1];
// Fallthrough.
case 1:
r = r * BC_BASE_POW + (BcBigDig) n->num[n->rdx];
}
*result = r;
}
void bc_num_bigdig(const BcNum *restrict n, BcBigDig *result) {
assert(n != NULL && result != NULL);
if (BC_ERR(n->neg)) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_MATH_NEGATIVE);
if (BC_ERR(bc_num_cmp(n, &vm.max) >= 0))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_MATH_OVERFLOW);
bc_num_bigdig2(n, result);
}
void bc_num_bigdig2num(BcNum *restrict n, BcBigDig val) {
BcDig *ptr;
size_t i;
assert(n != NULL);
bc_num_zero(n);
if (!val) return;
bc_num_expand(n, BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10);
for (ptr = n->num, i = 0; val; ++i, val /= BC_BASE_POW)
ptr[i] = val % BC_BASE_POW;
n->len = i;
}
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
void bc_num_rng(const BcNum *restrict n, BcRNG *rng) {
BcNum pow, temp, temp2, intn, frac;
BcRand state1, state2, inc1, inc2;
BcDig pow_num[BC_RAND_NUM_SIZE];
bc_num_setup(&pow, pow_num, sizeof(pow_num) / sizeof(BcDig));
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(&temp, n->len);
bc_num_init(&temp2, n->len);
bc_num_init(&frac, n->rdx);
bc_num_init(&intn, bc_num_int(n));
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_num_mul(&vm.max, &vm.max, &pow, 0);
memcpy(frac.num, n->num, BC_NUM_SIZE(n->rdx));
frac.len = n->rdx;
frac.rdx = n->rdx;
frac.scale = n->scale;
bc_num_mul(&frac, &pow, &temp, 0);
bc_num_truncate(&temp, temp.scale);
bc_num_copy(&frac, &temp);
memcpy(intn.num, n->num + n->rdx, BC_NUM_SIZE(bc_num_int(n)));
intn.len = bc_num_int(n);
// This assert is here because it has to be true. It is also here to justify
// the use of BC_ERROR_SIGNAL_ONLY() on each of the divmod's and mod's
// below.
assert(BC_NUM_NONZERO(&vm.max));
if (BC_NUM_NONZERO(&frac)) {
bc_num_divmod(&frac, &vm.max, &temp, &temp2, 0);
// frac is guaranteed to be smaller than vm.max * vm.max (pow).
// This means that when dividing frac by vm.max, as above, the
// quotient and remainder are both guaranteed to be less than vm.max,
// which means we can use bc_num_bigdig2() here and not worry about
// overflow.
bc_num_bigdig2(&temp2, (BcBigDig*) &state1);
bc_num_bigdig2(&temp, (BcBigDig*) &state2);
}
else state1 = state2 = 0;
if (BC_NUM_NONZERO(&intn)) {
bc_num_divmod(&intn, &vm.max, &temp, &temp2, 0);
// Because temp2 is the mod of vm.max, from above, it is guaranteed
// to be small enough to use bc_num_bigdig2().
bc_num_bigdig2(&temp2, (BcBigDig*) &inc1);
if (bc_num_cmp(&temp, &vm.max) >= 0) {
bc_num_copy(&temp2, &temp);
bc_num_mod(&temp2, &vm.max, &temp, 0);
}
// The if statement above ensures that temp is less than vm.max, which
// means that we can use bc_num_bigdig2() here.
bc_num_bigdig2(&temp, (BcBigDig*) &inc2);
}
else inc1 = inc2 = 0;
bc_rand_seed(rng, state1, state2, inc1, inc2);
err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&intn);
bc_num_free(&frac);
bc_num_free(&temp2);
bc_num_free(&temp);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
void bc_num_createFromRNG(BcNum *restrict n, BcRNG *rng) {
BcRand s1, s2, i1, i2;
BcNum pow, conv, temp1, temp2, temp3;
BcDig pow_num[BC_RAND_NUM_SIZE];
BcDig temp1_num[BC_RAND_NUM_SIZE], temp2_num[BC_RAND_NUM_SIZE];
BcDig conv_num[BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10];
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(&temp3, 2 * BC_RAND_NUM_SIZE);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_num_setup(&pow, pow_num, sizeof(pow_num) / sizeof(BcDig));
bc_num_setup(&temp1, temp1_num, sizeof(temp1_num) / sizeof(BcDig));
bc_num_setup(&temp2, temp2_num, sizeof(temp2_num) / sizeof(BcDig));
bc_num_setup(&conv, conv_num, sizeof(conv_num) / sizeof(BcDig));
// This assert is here because it has to be true. It is also here to justify
// the assumption that pow is not zero.
assert(BC_NUM_NONZERO(&vm.max));
bc_num_mul(&vm.max, &vm.max, &pow, 0);
// Because this is true, we can just use BC_ERROR_SIGNAL_ONLY() below when
// dividing by pow.
assert(BC_NUM_NONZERO(&pow));
bc_rand_getRands(rng, &s1, &s2, &i1, &i2);
bc_num_bigdig2num(&conv, (BcBigDig) s2);
bc_num_mul(&conv, &vm.max, &temp1, 0);
bc_num_bigdig2num(&conv, (BcBigDig) s1);
bc_num_add(&conv, &temp1, &temp2, 0);
bc_num_div(&temp2, &pow, &temp3, BC_RAND_STATE_BITS);
bc_num_bigdig2num(&conv, (BcBigDig) i2);
bc_num_mul(&conv, &vm.max, &temp1, 0);
bc_num_bigdig2num(&conv, (BcBigDig) i1);
bc_num_add(&conv, &temp1, &temp2, 0);
bc_num_add(&temp2, &temp3, n, 0);
err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&temp3);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
void bc_num_irand(const BcNum *restrict a, BcNum *restrict b,
BcRNG *restrict rng)
{
BcRand r;
BcBigDig modl;
BcNum pow, pow2, cp, cp2, mod, temp1, temp2, rand;
BcNum *p1, *p2, *t1, *t2, *c1, *c2, *tmp;
BcDig rand_num[BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10];
bool carry;
ssize_t cmp;
assert(a != b);
if (BC_ERR(a->neg)) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_MATH_NEGATIVE);
if (BC_ERR(a->rdx)) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_MATH_NON_INTEGER);
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(a) || BC_NUM_ONE(a)) return;
cmp = bc_num_cmp(a, &vm.max);
if (cmp <= 0) {
BcRand bits = 0;
if (cmp < 0) bc_num_bigdig2(a, (BcBigDig*) &bits);
// This condition means that bits is a power of 2. In that case, we
// can just grab a full-size int and mask out the unneeded bits.
// Also, this condition says that 0 is a power of 2, which works for
// us, since a value of 0 means a == rng->max. The bitmask will mask
// nothing in that case as well.
if (!(bits & (bits - 1))) r = bc_rand_int(rng) & (bits - 1);
else r = bc_rand_bounded(rng, bits);
// We made sure that r is less than vm.max,
// so we can use bc_num_bigdig2() here.
bc_num_bigdig2num(b, r);
return;
}
// In the case where a is less than rng->max, we have to make sure we have
// an exclusive bound. This ensures that it happens. (See below.)
carry = (cmp < 0);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_createCopy(&cp, a);
bc_num_init(&cp2, cp.len);
bc_num_init(&mod, BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10);
bc_num_init(&temp1, BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE);
bc_num_init(&temp2, BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE);
bc_num_init(&pow2, BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE);
bc_num_init(&pow, BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE);
bc_num_one(&pow);
bc_num_setup(&rand, rand_num, sizeof(rand_num) / sizeof(BcDig));
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
p1 = &pow;
p2 = &pow2;
t1 = &temp1;
t2 = &temp2;
c1 = &cp;
c2 = &cp2;
// This assert is here because it has to be true. It is also here to justify
// the use of BC_ERROR_SIGNAL_ONLY() on each of the divmod's and mod's
// below.
assert(BC_NUM_NONZERO(&vm.max));
while (BC_NUM_NONZERO(c1)) {
bc_num_divmod(c1, &vm.max, c2, &mod, 0);
// Because mod is the mod of vm.max, it is guaranteed to be smaller,
// which means we can use bc_num_bigdig2() here.
bc_num_bigdig(&mod, &modl);
if (bc_num_cmp(c1, &vm.max) < 0) {
// In this case, if there is no carry, then we know we can generate
// an integer *equal* to modl. Thus, we add one if there is no
// carry. Otherwise, we add zero, and we are still bounded properly.
// Since the last portion is guaranteed to be greater than 1, we
// know modl isn't 0 unless there is no carry.
modl += !carry;
if (modl == 1) r = 0;
else if (!modl) r = bc_rand_int(rng);
else r = bc_rand_bounded(rng, (BcRand) modl);
}
else {
if (modl) modl -= carry;
r = bc_rand_int(rng);
carry = (r >= (BcRand) modl);
}
bc_num_bigdig2num(&rand, r);
bc_num_mul(&rand, p1, p2, 0);
bc_num_add(p2, t1, t2, 0);
if (BC_NUM_NONZERO(c2)) {
bc_num_mul(&vm.max, p1, p2, 0);
tmp = p1;
p1 = p2;
p2 = tmp;
tmp = c1;
c1 = c2;
c2 = tmp;
}
else c1 = c2;
tmp = t1;
t1 = t2;
t2 = tmp;
}
bc_num_copy(b, t1);
bc_num_clean(b);
err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&pow);
bc_num_free(&pow2);
bc_num_free(&temp2);
bc_num_free(&temp1);
bc_num_free(&mod);
bc_num_free(&cp2);
bc_num_free(&cp);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
size_t bc_num_addReq(const BcNum *a, const BcNum *b, size_t scale) {
size_t aint, bint, ardx, brdx;
BC_UNUSED(scale);
ardx = a->rdx;
aint = bc_num_int(a);
assert(aint <= a->len && ardx <= a->len);
brdx = b->rdx;
bint = bc_num_int(b);
assert(bint <= b->len && brdx <= b->len);
ardx = BC_MAX(ardx, brdx);
aint = BC_MAX(aint, bint);
return bc_vm_growSize(bc_vm_growSize(ardx, aint), 1);
}
size_t bc_num_mulReq(const BcNum *a, const BcNum *b, size_t scale) {
size_t max, rdx;
rdx = bc_vm_growSize(a->rdx, b->rdx);
max = BC_NUM_RDX(scale);
max = bc_vm_growSize(BC_MAX(max, rdx), 1);
rdx = bc_vm_growSize(bc_vm_growSize(bc_num_int(a), bc_num_int(b)), max);
return rdx;
}
size_t bc_num_powReq(const BcNum *a, const BcNum *b, size_t scale) {
BC_UNUSED(scale);
return bc_vm_growSize(bc_vm_growSize(a->len, b->len), 1);
}
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
size_t bc_num_placesReq(const BcNum *a, const BcNum *b, size_t scale) {
BC_UNUSED(scale);
return a->len + b->len - a->rdx - b->rdx;
}
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
void bc_num_add(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale) {
bc_num_binary(a, b, c, false, bc_num_as, bc_num_addReq(a, b, scale));
}
void bc_num_sub(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale) {
bc_num_binary(a, b, c, true, bc_num_as, bc_num_addReq(a, b, scale));
}
void bc_num_mul(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale) {
bc_num_binary(a, b, c, scale, bc_num_m, bc_num_mulReq(a, b, scale));
}
void bc_num_div(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale) {
bc_num_binary(a, b, c, scale, bc_num_d, bc_num_mulReq(a, b, scale));
}
void bc_num_mod(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale) {
bc_num_binary(a, b, c, scale, bc_num_rem, bc_num_mulReq(a, b, scale));
}
void bc_num_pow(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale) {
bc_num_binary(a, b, c, scale, bc_num_p, bc_num_powReq(a, b, scale));
}
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
void bc_num_places(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale) {
bc_num_binary(a, b, c, scale, bc_num_place, bc_num_placesReq(a, b, scale));
}
void bc_num_lshift(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale) {
bc_num_binary(a, b, c, scale, bc_num_left, bc_num_placesReq(a, b, scale));
}
void bc_num_rshift(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, size_t scale) {
bc_num_binary(a, b, c, scale, bc_num_right, bc_num_placesReq(a, b, scale));
}
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
void bc_num_sqrt(BcNum *restrict a, BcNum *restrict b, size_t scale) {
BcNum num1, num2, half, f, fprime, *x0, *x1, *temp;
size_t pow, len, rdx, req, digs, digs1, digs2, resscale;
BcDig half_digs[1];
assert(a != NULL && b != NULL && a != b);
if (BC_ERR(a->neg)) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_MATH_NEGATIVE);
if (a->scale > scale) scale = a->scale;
len = bc_vm_growSize(bc_num_intDigits(a), 1);
rdx = BC_NUM_RDX(scale);
req = bc_vm_growSize(BC_MAX(rdx, a->rdx), len >> 1);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(b, bc_vm_growSize(req, 1));
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
if (BC_NUM_ZERO(a)) {
bc_num_setToZero(b, scale);
return;
}
if (BC_NUM_ONE(a)) {
bc_num_one(b);
bc_num_extend(b, scale);
return;
}
rdx = BC_NUM_RDX(scale);
rdx = BC_MAX(rdx, a->rdx);
len = bc_vm_growSize(a->len, rdx);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(&num1, len);
bc_num_init(&num2, len);
bc_num_setup(&half, half_digs, sizeof(half_digs) / sizeof(BcDig));
bc_num_one(&half);
half.num[0] = BC_BASE_POW / 2;
half.len = 1;
half.rdx = 1;
half.scale = 1;
bc_num_init(&f, len);
bc_num_init(&fprime, len);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
x0 = &num1;
x1 = &num2;
bc_num_one(x0);
pow = bc_num_intDigits(a);
if (pow) {
if (pow & 1) x0->num[0] = 2;
else x0->num[0] = 6;
pow -= 2 - (pow & 1);
bc_num_shiftLeft(x0, pow / 2);
}
x0->scale = x0->rdx = digs = digs1 = digs2 = 0;
resscale = (scale + BC_BASE_DIGS) + 2;
while (bc_num_cmp(x1, x0)) {
assert(BC_NUM_NONZERO(x0));
bc_num_div(a, x0, &f, resscale);
bc_num_add(x0, &f, &fprime, resscale);
bc_num_mul(&fprime, &half, x1, resscale);
temp = x0;
x0 = x1;
x1 = temp;
}
bc_num_copy(b, x0);
if (b->scale > scale) bc_num_truncate(b, b->scale - scale);
assert(!b->neg || BC_NUM_NONZERO(b));
assert(b->rdx <= b->len || !b->len);
assert(!b->len || b->num[b->len - 1] || b->rdx == b->len);
err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&fprime);
bc_num_free(&f);
bc_num_free(&num2);
bc_num_free(&num1);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
void bc_num_divmod(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, BcNum *d, size_t scale) {
BcNum num2, *ptr_a;
bool init = false;
size_t ts, len;
ts = BC_MAX(scale + b->scale, a->scale);
len = bc_num_mulReq(a, b, ts);
assert(a != NULL && b != NULL && c != NULL && d != NULL);
assert(c != d && a != d && b != d && b != c);
if (c == a) {
memcpy(&num2, c, sizeof(BcNum));
ptr_a = &num2;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(c, len);
init = true;
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
}
else {
ptr_a = a;
bc_num_expand(c, len);
}
if (BC_NUM_NONZERO(a) && !a->rdx && !b->rdx && b->len == 1 && !scale) {
BcBigDig rem;
bc_num_divArray(ptr_a, (BcBigDig) b->num[0], c, &rem);
assert(rem < BC_BASE_POW);
d->num[0] = (BcDig) rem;
d->len = (rem != 0);
}
else bc_num_r(ptr_a, b, c, d, scale, ts);
assert(!c->neg || BC_NUM_NONZERO(c));
assert(c->rdx <= c->len || !c->len);
assert(!c->len || c->num[c->len - 1] || c->rdx == c->len);
assert(!d->neg || BC_NUM_NONZERO(d));
assert(d->rdx <= d->len || !d->len);
assert(!d->len || d->num[d->len - 1] || d->rdx == d->len);
err:
if (init) {
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&num2);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
}
#if DC_ENABLED
void bc_num_modexp(BcNum *a, BcNum *b, BcNum *c, BcNum *restrict d) {
BcNum base, exp, two, temp;
BcDig two_digs[2];
assert(a != NULL && b != NULL && c != NULL && d != NULL);
assert(a != d && b != d && c != d);
if (BC_ERR(BC_NUM_ZERO(c))) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_MATH_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO);
if (BC_ERR(b->neg)) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_MATH_NEGATIVE);
if (BC_ERR(a->rdx || b->rdx || c->rdx))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_MATH_NON_INTEGER);
bc_num_expand(d, c->len);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(&base, c->len);
bc_num_setup(&two, two_digs, sizeof(two_digs) / sizeof(BcDig));
bc_num_init(&temp, b->len + 1);
bc_num_createCopy(&exp, b);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_num_one(&two);
two.num[0] = 2;
bc_num_one(d);
// We already checked for 0.
bc_num_rem(a, c, &base, 0);
while (BC_NUM_NONZERO(&exp)) {
// Num two cannot be 0, so no errors.
bc_num_divmod(&exp, &two, &exp, &temp, 0);
if (BC_NUM_ONE(&temp) && !temp.neg) {
bc_num_mul(d, &base, &temp, 0);
// We already checked for 0.
bc_num_rem(&temp, c, d, 0);
}
bc_num_mul(&base, &base, &temp, 0);
// We already checked for 0.
bc_num_rem(&temp, c, &base, 0);
}
err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&exp);
bc_num_free(&temp);
bc_num_free(&base);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
assert(!d->neg || d->len);
assert(!d->len || d->num[d->len - 1] || d->rdx == d->len);
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
#if BC_DEBUG_CODE
void bc_num_printDebug(const BcNum *n, const char *name, bool emptyline) {
bc_file_puts(&vm.fout, name);
bc_file_puts(&vm.fout, ": ");
bc_num_printDecimal(n);
bc_file_putchar(&vm.fout, '\n');
if (emptyline) bc_file_putchar(&vm.fout, '\n');
vm.nchars = 0;
}
void bc_num_printDigs(const BcDig *n, size_t len, bool emptyline) {
size_t i;
for (i = len - 1; i < len; --i)
bc_file_printf(&vm.fout, " %lu", (unsigned long) n[i]);
bc_file_putchar(&vm.fout, '\n');
if (emptyline) bc_file_putchar(&vm.fout, '\n');
vm.nchars = 0;
}
void bc_num_printWithDigs(const BcNum *n, const char *name, bool emptyline) {
bc_file_puts(&vm.fout, name);
bc_file_printf(&vm.fout, " len: %zu, rdx: %zu, scale: %zu\n",
name, n->len, n->rdx, n->scale);
bc_num_printDigs(n->num, n->len, emptyline);
}
void bc_num_dump(const char *varname, const BcNum *n) {
ulong i, scale = n->scale;
bc_file_printf(&vm.ferr, "\n%s = %s", varname,
n->len ? (n->neg ? "-" : "+") : "0 ");
for (i = n->len - 1; i < n->len; --i) {
if (i + 1 == n->rdx) bc_file_puts(&vm.ferr, ". ");
if (scale / BC_BASE_DIGS != n->rdx - i - 1)
bc_file_printf(&vm.ferr, "%lu ", (unsigned long) n->num[i]);
else {
int mod = scale % BC_BASE_DIGS;
int d = BC_BASE_DIGS - mod;
BcDig div;
if (mod != 0) {
div = n->num[i] / ((BcDig) bc_num_pow10[(ulong) d]);
bc_file_printf(&vm.ferr, "%lu", (unsigned long) div);
}
div = n->num[i] % ((BcDig) bc_num_pow10[(ulong) d]);
bc_file_printf(&vm.ferr, " ' %lu ", (unsigned long) div);
}
}
bc_file_printf(&vm.ferr, "(%zu | %zu.%zu / %zu) %lu\n",
n->scale, n->len, n->rdx, n->cap,
(unsigned long) (void*) n->num);
}
#endif // BC_DEBUG_CODE
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/num.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/opt.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/opt.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/opt.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,250 +1,250 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Adapted from https://github.com/skeeto/optparse
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Code for getopt_long() replacement. It turns out that getopt_long() has
* different behavior on different platforms.
*
*/
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <opt.h>
#include <vm.h>
static inline bool bc_opt_longoptsEnd(const BcOptLong *longopts, size_t i) {
return !longopts[i].name && !longopts[i].val;
}
static const char* bc_opt_longopt(const BcOptLong *longopts, int c) {
size_t i;
for (i = 0; !bc_opt_longoptsEnd(longopts, i); ++i) {
if (longopts[i].val == c) return longopts[i].name;
}
return "NULL";
}
static void bc_opt_error(BcError err, int c, const char *str) {
if (err == BC_ERROR_FATAL_OPTION) bc_vm_error(err, 0, str);
else bc_vm_error(err, 0, (int) c, str);
}
static int bc_opt_type(const BcOptLong *longopts, char c) {
size_t i;
if (c == ':') return -1;
for (i = 0; !bc_opt_longoptsEnd(longopts, i) && longopts[i].val != c; ++i);
if (bc_opt_longoptsEnd(longopts, i)) return -1;
return (int) longopts[i].type;
}
static int bc_opt_parseShort(BcOpt *o, const BcOptLong *longopts) {
int type;
char *next;
char *option = o->argv[o->optind];
int ret = -1;
o->optopt = 0;
o->optarg = NULL;
option += o->subopt + 1;
o->optopt = option[0];
type = bc_opt_type(longopts, option[0]);
next = o->argv[o->optind + 1];
switch (type) {
case -1:
case BC_OPT_BC_ONLY:
case BC_OPT_DC_ONLY:
{
- if (type == -1 || (type == BC_OPT_BC_ONLY && !BC_IS_BC) ||
+ if (type == -1 || (type == BC_OPT_BC_ONLY && BC_IS_DC) ||
(type == BC_OPT_DC_ONLY && BC_IS_BC))
{
char str[2] = {0, 0};
str[0] = option[0];
o->optind += 1;
bc_opt_error(BC_ERROR_FATAL_OPTION, option[0], str);
}
}
// Fallthrough.
case BC_OPT_NONE:
{
if (option[1]) o->subopt += 1;
else {
o->subopt = 0;
o->optind += 1;
}
ret = (int) option[0];
break;
}
case BC_OPT_REQUIRED:
{
o->subopt = 0;
o->optind += 1;
if (option[1]) o->optarg = option + 1;
else if (next != NULL) {
o->optarg = next;
o->optind += 1;
}
else bc_opt_error(BC_ERROR_FATAL_OPTION_NO_ARG, option[0],
bc_opt_longopt(longopts, option[0]));
ret = (int) option[0];
break;
}
}
return ret;
}
static bool bc_opt_longoptsMatch(const char *name, const char *option) {
const char *a = option, *n = name;
if (name == NULL) return false;
for (; *a && *n && *a != '='; ++a, ++n) {
if (*a != *n) return false;
}
return (*n == '\0' && (*a == '\0' || *a == '='));
}
static char* bc_opt_longoptsArg(char *option) {
for (; *option && *option != '='; ++option);
if (*option == '=') return option + 1;
else return NULL;
}
int bc_opt_parse(BcOpt *o, const BcOptLong *longopts) {
size_t i;
char *option;
bool empty;
do {
option = o->argv[o->optind];
if (option == NULL) return -1;
empty = !strcmp(option, "");
o->optind += empty;
} while (empty);
if (BC_OPT_ISDASHDASH(option)) {
// Consume "--".
o->optind += 1;
return -1;
}
else if (BC_OPT_ISSHORTOPT(option)) return bc_opt_parseShort(o, longopts);
else if (!BC_OPT_ISLONGOPT(option)) return -1;
o->optopt = 0;
o->optarg = NULL;
// Skip "--" at beginning of the option.
option += 2;
o->optind += 1;
for (i = 0; !bc_opt_longoptsEnd(longopts, i); i++) {
const char *name = longopts[i].name;
if (bc_opt_longoptsMatch(name, option)) {
char *arg;
o->optopt = longopts[i].val;
arg = bc_opt_longoptsArg(option);
- if ((longopts[i].type == BC_OPT_BC_ONLY && !BC_IS_BC) ||
+ if ((longopts[i].type == BC_OPT_BC_ONLY && BC_IS_DC) ||
(longopts[i].type == BC_OPT_DC_ONLY && BC_IS_BC))
{
bc_opt_error(BC_ERROR_FATAL_OPTION, o->optopt, name);
}
if (longopts[i].type == BC_OPT_NONE && arg != NULL)
{
bc_opt_error(BC_ERROR_FATAL_OPTION_ARG, o->optopt, name);
}
if (arg != NULL) o->optarg = arg;
else if (longopts[i].type == BC_OPT_REQUIRED) {
o->optarg = o->argv[o->optind];
if (o->optarg != NULL) o->optind += 1;
else bc_opt_error(BC_ERROR_FATAL_OPTION_NO_ARG,
o->optopt, name);
}
return o->optopt;
}
}
bc_opt_error(BC_ERROR_FATAL_OPTION, 0, option);
return -1;
}
void bc_opt_init(BcOpt *o, char *argv[]) {
o->argv = argv;
o->optind = 1;
o->subopt = 0;
o->optarg = NULL;
}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/opt.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/parse.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/parse.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/parse.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,222 +1,221 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Code common to the parsers.
*
*/
#include <assert.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <vector.h>
#include <lex.h>
#include <parse.h>
#include <program.h>
#include <vm.h>
void bc_parse_updateFunc(BcParse *p, size_t fidx) {
p->fidx = fidx;
p->func = bc_vec_item(&p->prog->fns, fidx);
}
inline void bc_parse_pushName(const BcParse *p, char *name, bool var) {
bc_parse_pushIndex(p, bc_program_search(p->prog, name, var));
}
static void bc_parse_update(BcParse *p, uchar inst, size_t idx) {
bc_parse_updateFunc(p, p->fidx);
bc_parse_push(p, inst);
bc_parse_pushIndex(p, idx);
}
void bc_parse_addString(BcParse *p) {
- BcFunc *f = BC_IS_BC ? p->func : bc_vec_item(&p->prog->fns, BC_PROG_MAIN);
+ BcVec *strs = BC_IS_BC ? &p->func->strs : p->prog->strs;
size_t idx;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
if (BC_IS_BC) {
const char *str = bc_vm_strdup(p->l.str.v);
- idx = f->strs.len;
- bc_vec_push(&f->strs, &str);
+ idx = strs->len;
+ bc_vec_push(strs, &str);
}
#if DC_ENABLED
else idx = bc_program_insertFunc(p->prog, p->l.str.v) - BC_PROG_REQ_FUNCS;
#endif // DC_ENABLED
-#ifndef NDEBUG
- f = BC_IS_BC ? p->func : bc_vec_item(&p->prog->fns, BC_PROG_MAIN);
- assert(f->strs.len > idx);
-#endif // NDEBUG
-
bc_parse_update(p, BC_INST_STR, idx);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
}
static void bc_parse_addNum(BcParse *p, const char *string) {
- BcFunc *f = BC_IS_BC ? p->func : bc_vec_item(&p->prog->fns, BC_PROG_MAIN);
+ BcVec *consts = &p->func->consts;
size_t idx;
BcConst c;
+ if (bc_parse_zero[0] == string[0] && bc_parse_zero[1] == string[1]) {
+ bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_ZERO);
+ return;
+ }
if (bc_parse_one[0] == string[0] && bc_parse_one[1] == string[1]) {
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_ONE);
return;
}
- idx = f->consts.len;
+ idx = consts->len;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
c.val = bc_vm_strdup(string);
c.base = BC_NUM_BIGDIG_MAX;
bc_num_clear(&c.num);
- bc_vec_push(&f->consts, &c);
+ bc_vec_push(consts, &c);
bc_parse_update(p, BC_INST_NUM, idx);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
}
void bc_parse_number(BcParse *p) {
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
char *exp = strchr(p->l.str.v, 'e');
size_t idx = SIZE_MAX;
if (exp != NULL) {
idx = ((size_t) (exp - p->l.str.v));
*exp = 0;
}
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
bc_parse_addNum(p, p->l.str.v);
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
if (exp != NULL) {
bool neg;
neg = (*((char*) bc_vec_item(&p->l.str, idx + 1)) == BC_LEX_NEG_CHAR);
bc_parse_addNum(p, bc_vec_item(&p->l.str, idx + 1 + neg));
bc_parse_push(p, BC_INST_LSHIFT + neg);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
}
void bc_parse_text(BcParse *p, const char *text) {
// Make sure the pointer isn't invalidated.
p->func = bc_vec_item(&p->prog->fns, p->fidx);
bc_lex_text(&p->l, text);
}
void bc_parse_reset(BcParse *p) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
if (p->fidx != BC_PROG_MAIN) {
bc_func_reset(p->func);
bc_parse_updateFunc(p, BC_PROG_MAIN);
}
p->l.i = p->l.len;
p->l.t = BC_LEX_EOF;
p->auto_part = false;
#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_BC) {
bc_vec_npop(&p->flags, p->flags.len - 1);
bc_vec_npop(&p->exits, p->exits.len);
bc_vec_npop(&p->conds, p->conds.len);
bc_vec_npop(&p->ops, p->ops.len);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
bc_program_reset(p->prog);
if (BC_ERR(vm.status)) BC_VM_JMP;
}
void bc_parse_free(BcParse *p) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(p != NULL);
#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_BC) {
bc_vec_free(&p->flags);
bc_vec_free(&p->exits);
bc_vec_free(&p->conds);
bc_vec_free(&p->ops);
bc_vec_free(&p->buf);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
bc_lex_free(&p->l);
}
void bc_parse_init(BcParse *p, BcProgram *prog, size_t func) {
#if BC_ENABLED
uint16_t flag = 0;
#endif // BC_ENABLED
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(p != NULL && prog != NULL);
#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_BC) {
bc_vec_init(&p->flags, sizeof(uint16_t), NULL);
bc_vec_push(&p->flags, &flag);
bc_vec_init(&p->exits, sizeof(BcInstPtr), NULL);
bc_vec_init(&p->conds, sizeof(size_t), NULL);
bc_vec_init(&p->ops, sizeof(BcLexType), NULL);
bc_vec_init(&p->buf, sizeof(char), NULL);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
bc_lex_init(&p->l);
p->prog = prog;
p->auto_part = false;
bc_parse_updateFunc(p, func);
}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/parse.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/program.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/program.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/program.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,2300 +1,2322 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Code to execute bc programs.
*
*/
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <read.h>
#include <parse.h>
#include <program.h>
#include <vm.h>
static void bc_program_addFunc(BcProgram *p, BcFunc *f, BcId *id_ptr);
static inline void bc_program_setVecs(BcProgram *p, BcFunc *f) {
p->consts = &f->consts;
- p->strs = &f->strs;
+ if (BC_IS_BC) p->strs = &f->strs;
}
-static void bc_program_type_num(BcResult *r, BcNum *n) {
+static inline void bc_program_type_num(BcResult *r, BcNum *n) {
#if BC_ENABLED
assert(r->t != BC_RESULT_VOID);
#endif // BC_ENABLED
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PROG_NUM(r, n))) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_TYPE);
}
#if BC_ENABLED
static void bc_program_type_match(BcResult *r, BcType t) {
#if DC_ENABLED
- assert(!BC_IS_BC || BC_NO_ERR(r->t != BC_RESULT_STR));
+ assert(BC_IS_DC || BC_NO_ERR(r->t != BC_RESULT_STR));
#endif // DC_ENABLED
if (BC_ERR((r->t != BC_RESULT_ARRAY) != (!t)))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_TYPE);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
static size_t bc_program_index(const char *restrict code, size_t *restrict bgn)
{
uchar amt = (uchar) code[(*bgn)++], i = 0;
size_t res = 0;
for (; i < amt; ++i, ++(*bgn)) {
size_t temp = ((size_t) ((int) (uchar) code[*bgn]) & UCHAR_MAX);
res |= (temp << (i * CHAR_BIT));
}
return res;
}
+#if BC_ENABLED
static void bc_program_prepGlobals(BcProgram *p) {
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < BC_PROG_GLOBALS_LEN; ++i)
bc_vec_push(p->globals_v + i, p->globals + i);
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
bc_rand_push(&p->rng);
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
}
static void bc_program_popGlobals(BcProgram *p, bool reset) {
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < BC_PROG_GLOBALS_LEN; ++i) {
BcVec *v = p->globals_v + i;
bc_vec_npop(v, reset ? v->len - 1 : 1);
p->globals[i] = BC_PROG_GLOBAL(v);
}
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
bc_rand_pop(&p->rng, reset);
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
}
+#endif // BC_ENABLED
static void bc_program_pushBigdig(BcProgram *p, BcBigDig dig, BcResultType type)
{
BcResult res;
res.t = type;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_createFromBigdig(&res.d.n, dig);
bc_vec_push(&p->results, &res);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
}
#if BC_ENABLED
static BcVec* bc_program_dereference(const BcProgram *p, BcVec *vec) {
BcVec *v;
size_t vidx, nidx, i = 0;
assert(vec->size == sizeof(uchar));
vidx = bc_program_index(vec->v, &i);
nidx = bc_program_index(vec->v, &i);
v = bc_vec_item(bc_vec_item(&p->arrs, vidx), nidx);
assert(v->size != sizeof(uchar));
return v;
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
size_t bc_program_search(BcProgram *p, const char *id, bool var) {
BcVec *v, *map;
size_t i;
BcResultData data;
v = var ? &p->vars : &p->arrs;
map = var ? &p->var_map : &p->arr_map;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
if (bc_map_insert(map, id, v->len, &i)) {
bc_array_init(&data.v, var);
bc_vec_push(v, &data.v);
}
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
return ((BcId*) bc_vec_item(map, i))->idx;
}
static inline BcVec* bc_program_vec(const BcProgram *p, size_t idx, BcType type)
{
const BcVec *v = (type == BC_TYPE_VAR) ? &p->vars : &p->arrs;
return bc_vec_item(v, idx);
}
static BcNum* bc_program_num(BcProgram *p, BcResult *r) {
BcNum *n;
switch (r->t) {
- case BC_RESULT_CONSTANT:
- {
- BcConst *c = bc_vec_item(p->consts, r->d.loc.loc);
- BcBigDig base = BC_PROG_IBASE(p);
-
- if (c->base != base) {
-
- if (c->num.num == NULL) {
- BC_SIG_LOCK;
- bc_num_init(&c->num, BC_NUM_RDX(strlen(c->val)));
- BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
- }
-
- // bc_num_parse() should only do operations that cannot fail.
- bc_num_parse(&c->num, c->val, base, !c->val[1]);
-
- c->base = base;
- }
-
- BC_SIG_LOCK;
-
- n = &r->d.n;
-
- r->t = BC_RESULT_TEMP;
-
- bc_num_createCopy(n, &c->num);
-
- BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
-
- break;
- }
-
case BC_RESULT_STR:
case BC_RESULT_TEMP:
case BC_RESULT_IBASE:
case BC_RESULT_SCALE:
case BC_RESULT_OBASE:
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
case BC_RESULT_SEED:
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
{
n = &r->d.n;
break;
}
case BC_RESULT_VAR:
#if BC_ENABLED
case BC_RESULT_ARRAY:
#endif // BC_ENABLED
case BC_RESULT_ARRAY_ELEM:
{
BcVec *v;
BcType type = (r->t == BC_RESULT_VAR) ? BC_TYPE_VAR : BC_TYPE_ARRAY;
v = bc_program_vec(p, r->d.loc.loc, type);
if (r->t == BC_RESULT_ARRAY_ELEM) {
size_t idx = r->d.loc.idx;
v = bc_vec_top(v);
#if BC_ENABLED
if (v->size == sizeof(uchar)) v = bc_program_dereference(p, v);
#endif // BC_ENABLED
assert(v->size == sizeof(BcNum));
if (v->len <= idx) {
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_array_expand(v, bc_vm_growSize(idx, 1));
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
}
n = bc_vec_item(v, idx);
}
else n = bc_vec_top(v);
break;
}
+ case BC_RESULT_ZERO:
+ {
+ n = &p->zero;
+ break;
+ }
+
case BC_RESULT_ONE:
{
n = &p->one;
break;
}
#if BC_ENABLED
case BC_RESULT_VOID:
#ifndef NDEBUG
{
abort();
}
#endif // NDEBUG
// Fallthrough
case BC_RESULT_LAST:
{
n = &p->last;
break;
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
}
return n;
}
static void bc_program_operand(BcProgram *p, BcResult **r,
BcNum **n, size_t idx)
{
*r = bc_vec_item_rev(&p->results, idx);
#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_ERR((*r)->t == BC_RESULT_VOID)) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_VOID_VAL);
#endif // BC_ENABLED
*n = bc_program_num(p, *r);
}
static void bc_program_binPrep(BcProgram *p, BcResult **l, BcNum **ln,
BcResult **r, BcNum **rn, size_t idx)
{
BcResultType lt;
assert(p != NULL && l != NULL && ln != NULL && r != NULL && rn != NULL);
#ifndef BC_PROG_NO_STACK_CHECK
- if (!BC_IS_BC) {
+ if (BC_IS_DC) {
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, idx + 2)))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_STACK);
}
#endif // BC_PROG_NO_STACK_CHECK
assert(BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, idx + 2));
bc_program_operand(p, l, ln, idx + 1);
bc_program_operand(p, r, rn, idx);
lt = (*l)->t;
#if BC_ENABLED
assert(lt != BC_RESULT_VOID && (*r)->t != BC_RESULT_VOID);
#endif // BC_ENABLED
// We run this again under these conditions in case any vector has been
// reallocated out from under the BcNums or arrays we had.
if (lt == (*r)->t && (lt == BC_RESULT_VAR || lt == BC_RESULT_ARRAY_ELEM))
*ln = bc_program_num(p, *l);
if (BC_ERR(lt == BC_RESULT_STR)) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_TYPE);
}
static void bc_program_binOpPrep(BcProgram *p, BcResult **l, BcNum **ln,
BcResult **r, BcNum **rn, size_t idx)
{
bc_program_binPrep(p, l, ln, r, rn, idx);
bc_program_type_num(*l, *ln);
bc_program_type_num(*r, *rn);
}
static void bc_program_assignPrep(BcProgram *p, BcResult **l, BcNum **ln,
BcResult **r, BcNum **rn)
{
BcResultType lt, min;
- min = BC_RESULT_CONSTANT - ((unsigned int) (BC_IS_BC << 1));
+ min = BC_RESULT_TEMP - ((unsigned int) (BC_IS_BC));
bc_program_binPrep(p, l, ln, r, rn, 0);
lt = (*l)->t;
if (BC_ERR(lt >= min && lt <= BC_RESULT_ONE))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_TYPE);
#if DC_ENABLED
- if(!BC_IS_BC) {
+ if(BC_IS_DC) {
bool good = (((*r)->t == BC_RESULT_STR || BC_PROG_STR(*rn)) &&
lt <= BC_RESULT_ARRAY_ELEM);
if (!good) bc_program_type_num(*r, *rn);
}
#else
assert((*r)->t != BC_RESULT_STR);
#endif // DC_ENABLED
}
static void bc_program_prep(BcProgram *p, BcResult **r, BcNum **n, size_t idx) {
assert(p != NULL && r != NULL && n != NULL);
#ifndef BC_PROG_NO_STACK_CHECK
- if (!BC_IS_BC) {
+ if (BC_IS_DC) {
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, idx + 1)))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_STACK);
}
#endif // BC_PROG_NO_STACK_CHECK
assert(BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, idx + 1));
bc_program_operand(p, r, n, idx);
#if DC_ENABLED
assert((*r)->t != BC_RESULT_VAR || !BC_PROG_STR(*n));
#endif // DC_ENABLED
bc_program_type_num(*r, *n);
}
static BcResult* bc_program_prepResult(BcProgram *p) {
BcResult res;
bc_result_clear(&res);
bc_vec_push(&p->results, &res);
return bc_vec_top(&p->results);
}
+static void bc_program_const(BcProgram *p, const char *code, size_t *bgn) {
+
+ BcResult *r = bc_program_prepResult(p);
+ BcConst *c = bc_vec_item(p->consts, bc_program_index(code, bgn));
+ BcBigDig base = BC_PROG_IBASE(p);
+
+ if (c->base != base) {
+
+ if (c->num.num == NULL) {
+ BC_SIG_LOCK;
+ bc_num_init(&c->num, BC_NUM_RDX(strlen(c->val)));
+ BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
+ }
+
+ // bc_num_parse() should only do operations that cannot fail.
+ bc_num_parse(&c->num, c->val, base, !c->val[1]);
+
+ c->base = base;
+ }
+
+ BC_SIG_LOCK;
+
+ bc_num_createCopy(&r->d.n, &c->num);
+
+ BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
+}
+
static void bc_program_op(BcProgram *p, uchar inst) {
BcResult *opd1, *opd2, *res;
BcNum *n1, *n2;
size_t idx = inst - BC_INST_POWER;
res = bc_program_prepResult(p);
bc_program_binOpPrep(p, &opd1, &n1, &opd2, &n2, 1);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(&res->d.n, bc_program_opReqs[idx](n1, n2, BC_PROG_SCALE(p)));
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_program_ops[idx](n1, n2, &res->d.n, BC_PROG_SCALE(p));
bc_program_retire(p, 1, 2);
}
static void bc_program_read(BcProgram *p) {
BcStatus s;
BcParse parse;
BcVec buf;
BcInstPtr ip;
size_t i;
const char* file;
BcFunc *f = bc_vec_item(&p->fns, BC_PROG_READ);
for (i = 0; i < p->stack.len; ++i) {
BcInstPtr *ip_ptr = bc_vec_item(&p->stack, i);
if (ip_ptr->func == BC_PROG_READ)
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_REC_READ);
}
BC_SIG_LOCK;
file = vm.file;
bc_parse_init(&parse, p, BC_PROG_READ);
bc_vec_init(&buf, sizeof(char), NULL);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(exec_err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_lex_file(&parse.l, bc_program_stdin_name);
bc_vec_npop(&f->code, f->code.len);
s = bc_read_line(&buf, BC_IS_BC ? "read> " : "?> ");
if (s == BC_STATUS_EOF) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_READ_EXPR);
bc_parse_text(&parse, buf.v);
vm.expr(&parse, BC_PARSE_NOREAD | BC_PARSE_NEEDVAL);
if (BC_ERR(parse.l.t != BC_LEX_NLINE && parse.l.t != BC_LEX_EOF))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_READ_EXPR);
+#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_G) bc_program_prepGlobals(p);
+#endif // BC_ENABLED
ip.func = BC_PROG_READ;
ip.idx = 0;
ip.len = p->results.len;
// Update this pointer, just in case.
f = bc_vec_item(&p->fns, BC_PROG_READ);
bc_vec_pushByte(&f->code, vm.read_ret);
bc_vec_push(&p->stack, &ip);
+
#if DC_ENABLED
- if (!BC_IS_BC) {
+ if (BC_IS_DC) {
size_t temp = 0;
bc_vec_push(&p->tail_calls, &temp);
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
exec_err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_parse_free(&parse);
bc_vec_free(&buf);
vm.file = file;
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
static void bc_program_rand(BcProgram *p) {
BcRand rand = bc_rand_int(&p->rng);
bc_program_pushBigdig(p, (BcBigDig) rand, BC_RESULT_TEMP);
}
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
static void bc_program_printChars(const char *str) {
const char *nl;
size_t len = vm.nchars + strlen(str);
bc_file_puts(&vm.fout, str);
nl = strrchr(str, '\n');
if (nl != NULL) len = strlen(nl + 1);
vm.nchars = len > UINT16_MAX ? UINT16_MAX : (uint16_t) len;
}
static void bc_program_printString(const char *restrict str) {
size_t i, len = strlen(str);
#if DC_ENABLED
- if (!len && !BC_IS_BC) {
+ if (!len && BC_IS_DC) {
bc_vm_putchar('\0');
return;
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
int c = str[i];
if (c == '\\' && i != len - 1) {
const char *ptr;
c = str[++i];
ptr = strchr(bc_program_esc_chars, c);
if (ptr != NULL) {
if (c == 'n') vm.nchars = UINT16_MAX;
c = bc_program_esc_seqs[(size_t) (ptr - bc_program_esc_chars)];
}
else {
// Just print the backslash. The following
// character will be printed later.
bc_vm_putchar('\\');
}
}
bc_vm_putchar(c);
}
}
static void bc_program_print(BcProgram *p, uchar inst, size_t idx) {
BcResult *r;
char *str;
BcNum *n;
bool pop = (inst != BC_INST_PRINT);
assert(p != NULL);
#ifndef BC_PROG_NO_STACK_CHECK
- if (!BC_IS_BC) {
+ if (BC_IS_DC) {
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, idx + 1)))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_STACK);
}
#endif // BC_PROG_NO_STACK_CHECK
assert(BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, idx + 1));
- assert(BC_IS_BC ||
- p->strs == &((BcFunc*) bc_vec_item(&p->fns, BC_PROG_MAIN))->strs);
-
r = bc_vec_item_rev(&p->results, idx);
#if BC_ENABLED
if (r->t == BC_RESULT_VOID) {
if (BC_ERR(pop)) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_VOID_VAL);
bc_vec_pop(&p->results);
return;
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
n = bc_program_num(p, r);
if (BC_PROG_NUM(r, n)) {
assert(inst != BC_INST_PRINT_STR);
bc_num_print(n, BC_PROG_OBASE(p), !pop);
#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_BC) bc_num_copy(&p->last, n);
#endif // BC_ENABLED
}
else {
size_t i = (r->t == BC_RESULT_STR) ? r->d.loc.loc : n->scale;
+ bc_file_flush(&vm.fout);
str = *((char**) bc_vec_item(p->strs, i));
if (inst == BC_INST_PRINT_STR) bc_program_printChars(str);
else {
bc_program_printString(str);
if (inst == BC_INST_PRINT) bc_vm_putchar('\n');
}
}
if (BC_IS_BC || pop) bc_vec_pop(&p->results);
}
void bc_program_negate(BcResult *r, BcNum *n) {
bc_num_copy(&r->d.n, n);
if (BC_NUM_NONZERO(&r->d.n)) r->d.n.neg = !r->d.n.neg;
}
void bc_program_not(BcResult *r, BcNum *n) {
if (!bc_num_cmpZero(n)) bc_num_one(&r->d.n);
}
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
void bc_program_trunc(BcResult *r, BcNum *n) {
bc_num_copy(&r->d.n, n);
bc_num_truncate(&r->d.n, n->scale);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
static void bc_program_unary(BcProgram *p, uchar inst) {
BcResult *res, *ptr;
BcNum *num;
res = bc_program_prepResult(p);
bc_program_prep(p, &ptr, &num, 1);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(&res->d.n, num->len);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_program_unarys[inst - BC_INST_NEG](res, num);
bc_program_retire(p, 1, 1);
}
static void bc_program_logical(BcProgram *p, uchar inst) {
BcResult *opd1, *opd2, *res;
BcNum *n1, *n2;
bool cond = 0;
ssize_t cmp;
res = bc_program_prepResult(p);
bc_program_binOpPrep(p, &opd1, &n1, &opd2, &n2, 1);
if (inst == BC_INST_BOOL_AND)
cond = (bc_num_cmpZero(n1) && bc_num_cmpZero(n2));
else if (inst == BC_INST_BOOL_OR)
cond = (bc_num_cmpZero(n1) || bc_num_cmpZero(n2));
else {
cmp = bc_num_cmp(n1, n2);
switch (inst) {
case BC_INST_REL_EQ:
{
cond = (cmp == 0);
break;
}
case BC_INST_REL_LE:
{
cond = (cmp <= 0);
break;
}
case BC_INST_REL_GE:
{
cond = (cmp >= 0);
break;
}
case BC_INST_REL_NE:
{
cond = (cmp != 0);
break;
}
case BC_INST_REL_LT:
{
cond = (cmp < 0);
break;
}
case BC_INST_REL_GT:
{
cond = (cmp > 0);
break;
}
#ifndef NDEBUG
default:
{
abort();
}
#endif // NDEBUG
}
}
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(&res->d.n, BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
if (cond) bc_num_one(&res->d.n);
bc_program_retire(p, 1, 2);
}
#if DC_ENABLED
static void bc_program_assignStr(BcProgram *p, BcResult *r,
BcVec *v, bool push)
{
BcNum n2;
bc_num_clear(&n2);
n2.scale = r->d.loc.loc;
assert(BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 1 + !push));
if (!push) bc_vec_pop(v);
bc_vec_npop(&p->results, 1 + !push);
bc_vec_push(v, &n2);
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
static void bc_program_copyToVar(BcProgram *p, size_t idx,
BcType t, bool last)
{
BcResult *ptr = NULL, r;
BcVec *vec;
BcNum *n = NULL;
bool var = (t == BC_TYPE_VAR);
#if DC_ENABLED
- if (!BC_IS_BC) {
+ if (BC_IS_DC) {
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 1)))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_STACK);
assert(BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 1));
bc_program_operand(p, &ptr, &n, 0);
}
#endif
#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_BC)
{
ptr = bc_vec_top(&p->results);
bc_program_type_match(ptr, t);
if (last) n = bc_program_num(p, ptr);
else if (var)
n = bc_vec_item_rev(bc_program_vec(p, ptr->d.loc.loc, t), 1);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
vec = bc_program_vec(p, idx, t);
#if DC_ENABLED
- if (ptr->t == BC_RESULT_STR) {
+ if (BC_IS_DC && (ptr->t == BC_RESULT_STR || BC_PROG_STR(n))) {
if (BC_ERR(!var)) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_TYPE);
bc_program_assignStr(p, ptr, vec, true);
return;
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
BC_SIG_LOCK;
if (var) bc_num_createCopy(&r.d.n, n);
else {
BcVec *v = (BcVec*) n, *rv = &r.d.v;
#if BC_ENABLED
BcVec *parent;
bool ref, ref_size;
parent = bc_program_vec(p, ptr->d.loc.loc, t);
assert(parent != NULL);
if (!last) v = bc_vec_item_rev(parent, !last);
assert(v != NULL);
ref = (v->size == sizeof(BcNum) && t == BC_TYPE_REF);
ref_size = (v->size == sizeof(uchar));
if (ref || (ref_size && t == BC_TYPE_REF)) {
bc_vec_init(rv, sizeof(uchar), NULL);
if (ref) {
assert(parent->len >= (size_t) (!last + 1));
// Make sure the pointer was not invalidated.
vec = bc_program_vec(p, idx, t);
bc_vec_pushIndex(rv, ptr->d.loc.loc);
bc_vec_pushIndex(rv, parent->len - !last - 1);
}
// If we get here, we are copying a ref to a ref.
else bc_vec_npush(rv, v->len * sizeof(uchar), v->v);
// We need to return early.
bc_vec_push(vec, &r.d);
bc_vec_pop(&p->results);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
return;
}
else if (ref_size && t != BC_TYPE_REF) v = bc_program_dereference(p, v);
#endif // BC_ENABLED
bc_array_init(rv, true);
bc_array_copy(rv, v);
}
bc_vec_push(vec, &r.d);
bc_vec_pop(&p->results);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
}
static void bc_program_assign(BcProgram *p, uchar inst) {
BcResult *left, *right, res;
BcNum *l, *r;
bool ob, sc, use_val = BC_INST_USE_VAL(inst);
bc_program_assignPrep(p, &left, &l, &right, &r);
#if DC_ENABLED
assert(left->t != BC_RESULT_STR);
if (right->t == BC_RESULT_STR || BC_PROG_STR(r)) {
- size_t idx = right->d.loc.loc;
+ size_t idx = right->t == BC_RESULT_STR ? right->d.loc.loc : r->scale;
if (left->t == BC_RESULT_ARRAY_ELEM) {
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_free(l);
bc_num_clear(l);
l->scale = idx;
bc_vec_npop(&p->results, 2);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
}
else {
BcVec *v = bc_program_vec(p, left->d.loc.loc, BC_TYPE_VAR);
bc_program_assignStr(p, right, v, false);
}
return;
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
if (BC_INST_IS_ASSIGN(inst)) bc_num_copy(l, r);
#if BC_ENABLED
else {
BcBigDig scale = BC_PROG_SCALE(p);
if (!use_val)
inst -= (BC_INST_ASSIGN_POWER_NO_VAL - BC_INST_ASSIGN_POWER);
bc_program_ops[inst - BC_INST_ASSIGN_POWER](l, r, l, scale);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
ob = (left->t == BC_RESULT_OBASE);
sc = (left->t == BC_RESULT_SCALE);
if (ob || sc || left->t == BC_RESULT_IBASE) {
BcVec *v;
BcBigDig *ptr, *ptr_t, val, max, min;
BcError e;
bc_num_bigdig(l, &val);
e = left->t - BC_RESULT_IBASE + BC_ERROR_EXEC_IBASE;
if (sc) {
min = 0;
max = vm.maxes[BC_PROG_GLOBALS_SCALE];
v = p->globals_v + BC_PROG_GLOBALS_SCALE;
ptr_t = p->globals + BC_PROG_GLOBALS_SCALE;
}
else {
min = BC_NUM_MIN_BASE;
- if (BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && ob && (!BC_IS_BC || !BC_IS_POSIX))
+ if (BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && ob && (BC_IS_DC || !BC_IS_POSIX))
min = 0;
max = vm.maxes[ob + BC_PROG_GLOBALS_IBASE];
v = p->globals_v + BC_PROG_GLOBALS_IBASE + ob;
ptr_t = p->globals + BC_PROG_GLOBALS_IBASE + ob;
}
if (BC_ERR(val > max || val < min)) bc_vm_verr(e, min, max);
ptr = bc_vec_top(v);
*ptr = val;
*ptr_t = val;
}
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
else if (left->t == BC_RESULT_SEED) bc_num_rng(l, &p->rng);
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
BC_SIG_LOCK;
if (use_val) {
bc_num_createCopy(&res.d.n, l);
res.t = BC_RESULT_TEMP;
bc_vec_npop(&p->results, 2);
bc_vec_push(&p->results, &res);
}
else bc_vec_npop(&p->results, 2);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
}
static void bc_program_pushVar(BcProgram *p, const char *restrict code,
size_t *restrict bgn, bool pop, bool copy)
{
BcResult r;
size_t idx = bc_program_index(code, bgn);
r.t = BC_RESULT_VAR;
r.d.loc.loc = idx;
#if DC_ENABLED
- if (!BC_IS_BC && (pop || copy)) {
+ if (BC_IS_DC && (pop || copy)) {
BcVec *v = bc_program_vec(p, idx, BC_TYPE_VAR);
BcNum *num = bc_vec_top(v);
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PROG_STACK(v, 2 - copy))) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_STACK);
assert(BC_PROG_STACK(v, 2 - copy));
if (!BC_PROG_STR(num)) {
BC_SIG_LOCK;
r.t = BC_RESULT_TEMP;
bc_num_createCopy(&r.d.n, num);
if (!copy) bc_vec_pop(v);
bc_vec_push(&p->results, &r);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
return;
}
else {
r.d.loc.loc = num->scale;
r.t = BC_RESULT_STR;
}
if (!copy) bc_vec_pop(v);
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
bc_vec_push(&p->results, &r);
}
static void bc_program_pushArray(BcProgram *p, const char *restrict code,
size_t *restrict bgn, uchar inst)
{
BcResult r, *operand;
BcNum *num;
BcBigDig temp;
r.d.loc.loc = bc_program_index(code, bgn);
#if BC_ENABLED
if (inst == BC_INST_ARRAY) {
r.t = BC_RESULT_ARRAY;
bc_vec_push(&p->results, &r);
return;
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
bc_program_prep(p, &operand, &num, 0);
bc_num_bigdig(num, &temp);
r.t = BC_RESULT_ARRAY_ELEM;
r.d.loc.idx = (size_t) temp;
+
+ BC_SIG_LOCK;
+
bc_vec_pop(&p->results);
bc_vec_push(&p->results, &r);
+
+ BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
}
#if BC_ENABLED
static void bc_program_incdec(BcProgram *p, uchar inst) {
BcResult *ptr, res, copy;
BcNum *num;
uchar inst2;
bc_program_prep(p, &ptr, &num, 0);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
copy.t = BC_RESULT_TEMP;
bc_num_createCopy(&copy.d.n, num);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(exit);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
res.t = BC_RESULT_ONE;
inst2 = BC_INST_ASSIGN_PLUS + (inst & 0x01);
bc_vec_push(&p->results, &res);
bc_program_assign(p, inst2);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_vec_pop(&p->results);
bc_vec_push(&p->results, &copy);
BC_UNSETJMP;
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
return;
exit:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&copy.d.n);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
static void bc_program_call(BcProgram *p, const char *restrict code,
size_t *restrict idx)
{
BcInstPtr ip;
size_t i, nparams = bc_program_index(code, idx);
BcFunc *f;
BcVec *v;
BcLoc *a;
BcResultData param;
BcResult *arg;
ip.idx = 0;
ip.func = bc_program_index(code, idx);
f = bc_vec_item(&p->fns, ip.func);
if (BC_ERR(!f->code.len)) bc_vm_verr(BC_ERROR_EXEC_UNDEF_FUNC, f->name);
if (BC_ERR(nparams != f->nparams))
bc_vm_verr(BC_ERROR_EXEC_PARAMS, f->nparams, nparams);
ip.len = p->results.len - nparams;
assert(BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, nparams));
if (BC_G) bc_program_prepGlobals(p);
for (i = 0; i < nparams; ++i) {
size_t j;
bool last = true;
arg = bc_vec_top(&p->results);
if (BC_ERR(arg->t == BC_RESULT_VOID))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_VOID_VAL);
a = bc_vec_item(&f->autos, nparams - 1 - i);
// If I have already pushed to a var, I need to make sure I
// get the previous version, not the already pushed one.
if (arg->t == BC_RESULT_VAR || arg->t == BC_RESULT_ARRAY) {
for (j = 0; j < i && last; ++j) {
BcLoc *loc = bc_vec_item(&f->autos, nparams - 1 - j);
last = (arg->d.loc.loc != loc->loc ||
(!loc->idx) != (arg->t == BC_RESULT_VAR));
}
}
bc_program_copyToVar(p, a->loc, (BcType) a->idx, last);
}
BC_SIG_LOCK;
for (; i < f->autos.len; ++i) {
a = bc_vec_item(&f->autos, i);
v = bc_program_vec(p, a->loc, (BcType) a->idx);
if (a->idx == BC_TYPE_VAR) {
bc_num_init(&param.n, BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE);
bc_vec_push(v, &param.n);
}
else {
assert(a->idx == BC_TYPE_ARRAY);
bc_array_init(&param.v, true);
bc_vec_push(v, &param.v);
}
}
bc_vec_push(&p->stack, &ip);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
}
static void bc_program_return(BcProgram *p, uchar inst) {
BcResult *res;
BcFunc *f;
BcInstPtr *ip = bc_vec_top(&p->stack);
size_t i, nops = p->results.len - ip->len;
assert(BC_PROG_STACK(&p->stack, 2));
assert(BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, ip->len + (inst == BC_INST_RET)));
f = bc_vec_item(&p->fns, ip->func);
res = bc_program_prepResult(p);
if (inst == BC_INST_RET) {
BcNum *num;
BcResult *operand;
bc_program_operand(p, &operand, &num, 1);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_createCopy(&res->d.n, num);
}
else if (inst == BC_INST_RET_VOID) res->t = BC_RESULT_VOID;
else {
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(&res->d.n, BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE);
}
BC_SIG_MAYUNLOCK;
// We need to pop arguments as well, so this takes that into account.
for (i = 0; i < f->autos.len; ++i) {
BcLoc *a = bc_vec_item(&f->autos, i);
BcVec *v = bc_program_vec(p, a->loc, (BcType) a->idx);
bc_vec_pop(v);
}
bc_program_retire(p, 1, nops);
if (BC_G) bc_program_popGlobals(p, false);
bc_vec_pop(&p->stack);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
static void bc_program_builtin(BcProgram *p, uchar inst) {
BcResult *opd, *res;
BcNum *num;
bool len = (inst == BC_INST_LENGTH);
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
assert(inst >= BC_INST_LENGTH && inst <= BC_INST_IRAND);
-#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#else // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
assert(inst >= BC_INST_LENGTH && inst <= BC_INST_ABS);
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
#ifndef BC_PROG_NO_STACK_CHECK
- if (!BC_IS_BC) {
+ if (BC_IS_DC) {
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 1)))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_STACK);
}
#endif // BC_PROG_NO_STACK_CHECK
assert(BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 1));
res = bc_program_prepResult(p);
bc_program_operand(p, &opd, &num, 1);
assert(num != NULL);
#if DC_ENABLED
if (!len && inst != BC_INST_SCALE_FUNC) bc_program_type_num(opd, num);
#endif // DC_ENABLED
if (inst == BC_INST_SQRT) bc_num_sqrt(num, &res->d.n, BC_PROG_SCALE(p));
else if (inst == BC_INST_ABS) {
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_createCopy(&res->d.n, num);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
res->d.n.neg = false;
}
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
else if (inst == BC_INST_IRAND) {
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(&res->d.n, num->len - num->rdx);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_num_irand(num, &res->d.n, &p->rng);
}
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
else {
BcBigDig val = 0;
if (len) {
#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_BC && opd->t == BC_RESULT_ARRAY) {
BcVec *v = (BcVec*) num;
if (v->size == sizeof(uchar)) v = bc_program_dereference(p, v);
assert(v->size == sizeof(BcNum));
val = (BcBigDig) v->len;
}
else
#endif // BC_ENABLED
{
#if DC_ENABLED
if (!BC_PROG_NUM(opd, num)) {
size_t idx;
char *str;
idx = opd->t == BC_RESULT_STR ? opd->d.loc.loc : num->scale;
str = *((char**) bc_vec_item(p->strs, idx));
val = (BcBigDig) strlen(str);
}
else
#endif // DC_ENABLED
{
val = (BcBigDig) bc_num_len(num);
}
}
}
else if (BC_IS_BC || BC_PROG_NUM(opd, num))
val = (BcBigDig) bc_num_scale(num);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_createFromBigdig(&res->d.n, val);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
}
bc_program_retire(p, 1, 1);
}
#if DC_ENABLED
static void bc_program_divmod(BcProgram *p) {
BcResult *opd1, *opd2, *res, *res2;
BcNum *n1, *n2;
size_t req;
res2 = bc_program_prepResult(p);
res = bc_program_prepResult(p);
// Update the pointer, just in case.
res2 = bc_vec_item_rev(&p->results, 1);
bc_program_binOpPrep(p, &opd1, &n1, &opd2, &n2, 2);
req = bc_num_mulReq(n1, n2, BC_PROG_SCALE(p));
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(&res->d.n, req);
bc_num_init(&res2->d.n, req);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_num_divmod(n1, n2, &res2->d.n, &res->d.n, BC_PROG_SCALE(p));
bc_program_retire(p, 2, 2);
}
static void bc_program_modexp(BcProgram *p) {
BcResult *r1, *r2, *r3, *res;
BcNum *n1, *n2, *n3;
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 3))) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_STACK);
assert(BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 3));
res = bc_program_prepResult(p);
bc_program_operand(p, &r1, &n1, 3);
bc_program_type_num(r1, n1);
bc_program_binOpPrep(p, &r2, &n2, &r3, &n3, 1);
// Make sure that the values have their pointers updated, if necessary.
// Only array elements are possible.
if (r1->t == BC_RESULT_ARRAY_ELEM && (r1->t == r2->t || r1->t == r3->t))
n1 = bc_program_num(p, r1);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(&res->d.n, n3->len);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_num_modexp(n1, n2, n3, &res->d.n);
bc_program_retire(p, 1, 3);
}
static void bc_program_stackLen(BcProgram *p) {
bc_program_pushBigdig(p, (BcBigDig) p->results.len, BC_RESULT_TEMP);
}
static uchar bc_program_asciifyNum(BcProgram *p, BcNum *n) {
BcNum num;
BcBigDig val = 0;
bc_num_clear(&num);
BC_SETJMP(num_err);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_createCopy(&num, n);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_num_truncate(&num, num.scale);
num.neg = false;
// This is guaranteed to not have a divide by 0
// because strmb is equal to UCHAR_MAX + 1.
bc_num_mod(&num, &p->strmb, &num, 0);
// This is also guaranteed to not error because num is in the range
// [0, UCHAR_MAX], which is definitely in range for a BcBigDig. And
// it is not negative.
bc_num_bigdig2(&num, &val);
num_err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_num_free(&num);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
return (uchar) val;
}
static void bc_program_asciify(BcProgram *p) {
BcResult *r, res;
BcNum *n;
char str[2], *str2;
uchar c;
size_t idx;
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 1))) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_STACK);
assert(BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 1));
bc_program_operand(p, &r, &n, 0);
assert(n != NULL);
assert(p->strs->len + BC_PROG_REQ_FUNCS == p->fns.len);
if (BC_PROG_NUM(r, n)) c = bc_program_asciifyNum(p, n);
else {
size_t index = r->t == BC_RESULT_STR ? r->d.loc.loc : n->scale;
str2 = *((char**) bc_vec_item(p->strs, index));
c = (uchar) str2[0];
}
str[0] = (char) c;
str[1] = '\0';
BC_SIG_LOCK;
idx = bc_program_insertFunc(p, str) - BC_PROG_REQ_FUNCS;
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
res.t = BC_RESULT_STR;
res.d.loc.loc = idx;
bc_vec_pop(&p->results);
bc_vec_push(&p->results, &res);
}
static void bc_program_printStream(BcProgram *p) {
BcResult *r;
BcNum *n;
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 1))) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_STACK);
assert(BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 1));
bc_program_operand(p, &r, &n, 0);
assert(n != NULL);
if (BC_PROG_NUM(r, n)) bc_num_stream(n, p->strm);
else {
size_t idx = (r->t == BC_RESULT_STR) ? r->d.loc.loc : n->scale;
bc_program_printChars(*((char**) bc_vec_item(p->strs, idx)));
}
}
static void bc_program_nquit(BcProgram *p, uchar inst) {
BcResult *opnd;
BcNum *num;
BcBigDig val;
size_t i;
assert(p->stack.len == p->tail_calls.len);
if (inst == BC_INST_QUIT) val = 2;
else {
bc_program_prep(p, &opnd, &num, 0);
bc_num_bigdig(num, &val);
bc_vec_pop(&p->results);
}
for (i = 0; val && i < p->tail_calls.len; ++i) {
size_t calls = *((size_t*) bc_vec_item_rev(&p->tail_calls, i)) + 1;
if (calls >= val) val = 0;
else val -= calls;
}
if (i == p->stack.len) {
vm.status = BC_STATUS_QUIT;
BC_VM_JMP;
}
else {
bc_vec_npop(&p->stack, i);
bc_vec_npop(&p->tail_calls, i);
}
}
static void bc_program_execStr(BcProgram *p, const char *restrict code,
size_t *restrict bgn, bool cond, size_t len)
{
BcResult *r;
char *str;
BcFunc *f;
BcParse prs;
BcInstPtr ip;
size_t fidx, sidx;
BcNum *n;
assert(p->stack.len == p->tail_calls.len);
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 1))) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_STACK);
assert(BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 1));
bc_program_operand(p, &r, &n, 0);
if (cond) {
bool exec;
size_t idx, then_idx, else_idx;
then_idx = bc_program_index(code, bgn);
else_idx = bc_program_index(code, bgn);
exec = (r->d.n.len != 0);
idx = exec ? then_idx : else_idx;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(exit);
if (exec || (else_idx != SIZE_MAX))
n = bc_vec_top(bc_program_vec(p, idx, BC_TYPE_VAR));
else goto exit;
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PROG_STR(n))) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_TYPE);
BC_UNSETJMP;
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
sidx = n->scale;
}
else {
// In non-conditional situations, only the top of stack can be executed,
// and in those cases, variables are not allowed to be "on the stack";
// they are only put on the stack to be assigned to.
assert(r->t != BC_RESULT_VAR);
if (r->t == BC_RESULT_STR) sidx = r->d.loc.loc;
else return;
}
fidx = sidx + BC_PROG_REQ_FUNCS;
str = *((char**) bc_vec_item(p->strs, sidx));
f = bc_vec_item(&p->fns, fidx);
if (!f->code.len) {
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_parse_init(&prs, p, fidx);
bc_lex_file(&prs.l, vm.file);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_parse_text(&prs, str);
vm.expr(&prs, BC_PARSE_NOCALL);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
BC_UNSETJMP;
// We can just assert this here because
// dc should parse everything until EOF.
assert(prs.l.t == BC_LEX_EOF);
bc_parse_free(&prs);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
}
ip.idx = 0;
ip.len = p->results.len;
ip.func = fidx;
bc_vec_pop(&p->results);
// Tail call.
if (p->stack.len > 1 && *bgn == len - 1 && code[*bgn] == BC_INST_POP_EXEC) {
size_t *call_ptr = bc_vec_top(&p->tail_calls);
*call_ptr += 1;
bc_vec_pop(&p->stack);
}
else bc_vec_push(&p->tail_calls, &ip.idx);
bc_vec_push(&p->stack, &ip);
return;
err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_parse_free(&prs);
f = bc_vec_item(&p->fns, fidx);
bc_vec_npop(&f->code, f->code.len);
exit:
bc_vec_pop(&p->results);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
static void bc_program_printStack(BcProgram *p) {
size_t idx;
for (idx = 0; idx < p->results.len; ++idx)
bc_program_print(p, BC_INST_PRINT, idx);
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
static void bc_program_pushGlobal(BcProgram *p, uchar inst) {
BcResultType t;
assert(inst >= BC_INST_IBASE && inst <= BC_INST_SCALE);
t = inst - BC_INST_IBASE + BC_RESULT_IBASE;
bc_program_pushBigdig(p, p->globals[inst - BC_INST_IBASE], t);
}
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
static void bc_program_pushSeed(BcProgram *p) {
BcResult *res;
res = bc_program_prepResult(p);
res->t = BC_RESULT_SEED;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_num_init(&res->d.n, 2 * BC_RAND_NUM_SIZE);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_num_createFromRNG(&res->d.n, &p->rng);
}
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
static void bc_program_addFunc(BcProgram *p, BcFunc *f, BcId *id_ptr) {
BcInstPtr *ip;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
bc_func_init(f, id_ptr->name);
bc_vec_push(&p->fns, f);
// This is to make sure pointers are updated if the array was moved.
- if (BC_IS_BC && p->stack.len) {
- ip = bc_vec_item_rev(&p->stack, 0);
+ if (p->stack.len) {
+ ip = bc_vec_top(&p->stack);
bc_program_setVecs(p, (BcFunc*) bc_vec_item(&p->fns, ip->func));
}
- else bc_program_setVecs(p, (BcFunc*) bc_vec_item(&p->fns, BC_PROG_MAIN));
}
size_t bc_program_insertFunc(BcProgram *p, const char *name) {
BcId *id_ptr;
BcFunc f;
bool new;
size_t idx;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(p != NULL && name != NULL);
new = bc_map_insert(&p->fn_map, name, p->fns.len, &idx);
id_ptr = (BcId*) bc_vec_item(&p->fn_map, idx);
idx = id_ptr->idx;
if (!new) {
if (BC_IS_BC) {
BcFunc *func = bc_vec_item(&p->fns, idx);
bc_func_reset(func);
}
}
else {
bc_program_addFunc(p, &f, id_ptr);
#if DC_ENABLED
- if (!BC_IS_BC && strcmp(name, bc_func_main) &&
- strcmp(name, bc_func_read))
- {
+ if (BC_IS_DC && idx >= BC_PROG_REQ_FUNCS) {
bc_vec_push(p->strs, &id_ptr->name);
assert(p->strs->len == p->fns.len - BC_PROG_REQ_FUNCS);
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
}
return idx;
}
#ifndef NDEBUG
void bc_program_free(BcProgram *p) {
size_t i;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(p != NULL);
for (i = 0; i < BC_PROG_GLOBALS_LEN; ++i) bc_vec_free(p->globals_v + i);
bc_vec_free(&p->fns);
bc_vec_free(&p->fn_map);
bc_vec_free(&p->vars);
bc_vec_free(&p->var_map);
bc_vec_free(&p->arrs);
bc_vec_free(&p->arr_map);
bc_vec_free(&p->results);
bc_vec_free(&p->stack);
#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_BC) bc_num_free(&p->last);
#endif // BC_ENABLED
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
bc_rand_free(&p->rng);
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
#if DC_ENABLED
- if (!BC_IS_BC) bc_vec_free(&p->tail_calls);
+ if (BC_IS_DC) {
+ bc_vec_free(&p->tail_calls);
+ bc_vec_free(&p->strs_v);
+ }
#endif // DC_ENABLED
}
#endif // NDEBUG
void bc_program_init(BcProgram *p) {
BcInstPtr ip;
size_t i;
BcBigDig val = BC_BASE;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(p != NULL);
memset(p, 0, sizeof(BcProgram));
memset(&ip, 0, sizeof(BcInstPtr));
for (i = 0; i < BC_PROG_GLOBALS_LEN; ++i) {
bc_vec_init(p->globals_v + i, sizeof(BcBigDig), NULL);
val = i == BC_PROG_GLOBALS_SCALE ? 0 : val;
bc_vec_push(p->globals_v + i, &val);
p->globals[i] = val;
}
#if DC_ENABLED
- if (!BC_IS_BC) {
+ if (BC_IS_DC) {
+ bc_vec_init(&p->strs_v, sizeof(char*), bc_string_free);
+ p->strs = &p->strs_v;
+
bc_vec_init(&p->tail_calls, sizeof(size_t), NULL);
i = 0;
bc_vec_push(&p->tail_calls, &i);
p->strm = UCHAR_MAX + 1;
bc_num_setup(&p->strmb, p->strmb_num, BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10);
bc_num_bigdig2num(&p->strmb, p->strm);
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
srand((unsigned int) time(NULL));
bc_rand_init(&p->rng);
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
+ bc_num_setup(&p->zero, p->zero_num, BC_PROG_ONE_CAP);
+
bc_num_setup(&p->one, p->one_num, BC_PROG_ONE_CAP);
bc_num_one(&p->one);
#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_BC) bc_num_init(&p->last, BC_NUM_DEF_SIZE);
#endif // BC_ENABLED
bc_vec_init(&p->fns, sizeof(BcFunc), bc_func_free);
bc_map_init(&p->fn_map);
bc_program_insertFunc(p, bc_func_main);
bc_program_insertFunc(p, bc_func_read);
bc_vec_init(&p->vars, sizeof(BcVec), bc_vec_free);
bc_map_init(&p->var_map);
bc_vec_init(&p->arrs, sizeof(BcVec), bc_vec_free);
bc_map_init(&p->arr_map);
bc_vec_init(&p->results, sizeof(BcResult), bc_result_free);
bc_vec_init(&p->stack, sizeof(BcInstPtr), NULL);
bc_vec_push(&p->stack, &ip);
+
+ bc_program_setVecs(p, (BcFunc*) bc_vec_item(&p->fns, BC_PROG_MAIN));
+
+ assert(p->consts != NULL && p->strs != NULL);
}
void bc_program_reset(BcProgram *p) {
BcFunc *f;
BcInstPtr *ip;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
bc_vec_npop(&p->stack, p->stack.len - 1);
bc_vec_npop(&p->results, p->results.len);
+#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_G) bc_program_popGlobals(p, true);
+#endif // BC_ENABLED
f = bc_vec_item(&p->fns, BC_PROG_MAIN);
ip = bc_vec_top(&p->stack);
- if (BC_IS_BC) bc_program_setVecs(p, f);
+ bc_program_setVecs(p, f);
ip->idx = f->code.len;
if (vm.sig) {
bc_file_write(&vm.fout, bc_program_ready_msg, bc_program_ready_msg_len);
bc_file_flush(&vm.fout);
vm.sig = 0;
}
}
void bc_program_exec(BcProgram *p) {
size_t idx;
BcResult r, *ptr;
BcInstPtr *ip = bc_vec_top(&p->stack);
- BcFunc *func = bc_vec_item(&p->fns, ip->func);
+ BcFunc *func = (BcFunc*) bc_vec_item(&p->fns, ip->func);
char *code = func->code.v;
bool cond = false;
#if BC_ENABLED
BcNum *num;
#endif // BC_ENABLED
#ifndef NDEBUG
size_t jmp_bufs_len;
#endif // NDEBUG
#ifndef NDEBUG
jmp_bufs_len = vm.jmp_bufs.len;
#endif // NDEBUG
- if (BC_IS_BC) bc_program_setVecs(p, func);
- else bc_program_setVecs(p, (BcFunc*) bc_vec_item(&p->fns, BC_PROG_MAIN));
+ bc_program_setVecs(p, func);
while (ip->idx < func->code.len) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_NOT_LOCKED;
uchar inst = (uchar) code[(ip->idx)++];
switch (inst) {
#if BC_ENABLED
case BC_INST_JUMP_ZERO:
{
bc_program_prep(p, &ptr, &num, 0);
cond = !bc_num_cmpZero(num);
bc_vec_pop(&p->results);
}
// Fallthrough.
case BC_INST_JUMP:
{
idx = bc_program_index(code, &ip->idx);
if (inst == BC_INST_JUMP || cond) {
size_t *addr = bc_vec_item(&func->labels, idx);
assert(*addr != SIZE_MAX);
ip->idx = *addr;
}
break;
}
case BC_INST_CALL:
{
assert(BC_IS_BC);
bc_program_call(p, code, &ip->idx);
ip = bc_vec_top(&p->stack);
func = bc_vec_item(&p->fns, ip->func);
code = func->code.v;
bc_program_setVecs(p, func);
break;
}
case BC_INST_INC:
case BC_INST_DEC:
{
bc_program_incdec(p, inst);
break;
}
case BC_INST_HALT:
{
vm.status = BC_STATUS_QUIT;
BC_VM_JMP;
break;
}
case BC_INST_RET:
case BC_INST_RET0:
case BC_INST_RET_VOID:
{
bc_program_return(p, inst);
ip = bc_vec_top(&p->stack);
func = bc_vec_item(&p->fns, ip->func);
code = func->code.v;
- if (BC_IS_BC) bc_program_setVecs(p, func);
+ bc_program_setVecs(p, func);
break;
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
case BC_INST_BOOL_OR:
case BC_INST_BOOL_AND:
case BC_INST_REL_EQ:
case BC_INST_REL_LE:
case BC_INST_REL_GE:
case BC_INST_REL_NE:
case BC_INST_REL_LT:
case BC_INST_REL_GT:
{
bc_program_logical(p, inst);
break;
}
case BC_INST_READ:
{
bc_program_read(p);
ip = bc_vec_top(&p->stack);
func = bc_vec_item(&p->fns, ip->func);
code = func->code.v;
- if (BC_IS_BC) bc_program_setVecs(p, func);
+ bc_program_setVecs(p, func);
break;
}
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
case BC_INST_RAND:
{
bc_program_rand(p);
break;
}
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
case BC_INST_MAXIBASE:
case BC_INST_MAXOBASE:
case BC_INST_MAXSCALE:
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
case BC_INST_MAXRAND:
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
{
BcBigDig dig = vm.maxes[inst - BC_INST_MAXIBASE];
bc_program_pushBigdig(p, dig, BC_RESULT_TEMP);
break;
}
case BC_INST_VAR:
{
bc_program_pushVar(p, code, &ip->idx, false, false);
break;
}
case BC_INST_ARRAY_ELEM:
#if BC_ENABLED
case BC_INST_ARRAY:
#endif // BC_ENABLED
{
bc_program_pushArray(p, code, &ip->idx, inst);
break;
}
case BC_INST_IBASE:
case BC_INST_SCALE:
case BC_INST_OBASE:
{
bc_program_pushGlobal(p, inst);
break;
}
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
case BC_INST_SEED:
{
bc_program_pushSeed(p);
break;
}
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
case BC_INST_LENGTH:
case BC_INST_SCALE_FUNC:
case BC_INST_SQRT:
case BC_INST_ABS:
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
case BC_INST_IRAND:
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
{
bc_program_builtin(p, inst);
break;
}
case BC_INST_NUM:
{
- r.t = BC_RESULT_CONSTANT;
- r.d.loc.loc = bc_program_index(code, &ip->idx);
- bc_vec_push(&p->results, &r);
+ bc_program_const(p, code, &ip->idx);
break;
}
+ case BC_INST_ZERO:
case BC_INST_ONE:
#if BC_ENABLED
case BC_INST_LAST:
#endif // BC_ENABLED
{
- r.t = BC_RESULT_ONE + (inst - BC_INST_ONE);
+ r.t = BC_RESULT_ZERO + (inst - BC_INST_ZERO);
bc_vec_push(&p->results, &r);
break;
}
case BC_INST_PRINT:
case BC_INST_PRINT_POP:
case BC_INST_PRINT_STR:
{
bc_program_print(p, inst, 0);
break;
}
case BC_INST_STR:
{
r.t = BC_RESULT_STR;
r.d.loc.loc = bc_program_index(code, &ip->idx);
bc_vec_push(&p->results, &r);
break;
}
case BC_INST_POWER:
case BC_INST_MULTIPLY:
case BC_INST_DIVIDE:
case BC_INST_MODULUS:
case BC_INST_PLUS:
case BC_INST_MINUS:
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
case BC_INST_PLACES:
case BC_INST_LSHIFT:
case BC_INST_RSHIFT:
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
{
bc_program_op(p, inst);
break;
}
case BC_INST_NEG:
case BC_INST_BOOL_NOT:
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
case BC_INST_TRUNC:
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
{
bc_program_unary(p, inst);
break;
}
#if BC_ENABLED
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_POWER:
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_MULTIPLY:
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_DIVIDE:
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_MODULUS:
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_PLUS:
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_MINUS:
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_PLACES:
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_LSHIFT:
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_RSHIFT:
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
case BC_INST_ASSIGN:
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_POWER_NO_VAL:
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_MULTIPLY_NO_VAL:
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_DIVIDE_NO_VAL:
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_MODULUS_NO_VAL:
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_PLUS_NO_VAL:
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_MINUS_NO_VAL:
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_PLACES_NO_VAL:
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_LSHIFT_NO_VAL:
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_RSHIFT_NO_VAL:
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
#endif // BC_ENABLED
case BC_INST_ASSIGN_NO_VAL:
{
bc_program_assign(p, inst);
break;
}
case BC_INST_POP:
{
#ifndef BC_PROG_NO_STACK_CHECK
if (!BC_IS_BC) {
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 1)))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_STACK);
}
#endif // BC_PROG_NO_STACK_CHECK
assert(BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 1));
bc_vec_pop(&p->results);
break;
}
#if DC_ENABLED
case BC_INST_POP_EXEC:
{
assert(BC_PROG_STACK(&p->stack, 2));
bc_vec_pop(&p->stack);
bc_vec_pop(&p->tail_calls);
ip = bc_vec_top(&p->stack);
func = bc_vec_item(&p->fns, ip->func);
code = func->code.v;
+ bc_program_setVecs(p, func);
break;
}
case BC_INST_MODEXP:
{
bc_program_modexp(p);
break;
}
case BC_INST_DIVMOD:
{
bc_program_divmod(p);
break;
}
case BC_INST_EXECUTE:
case BC_INST_EXEC_COND:
{
cond = (inst == BC_INST_EXEC_COND);
bc_program_execStr(p, code, &ip->idx, cond, func->code.len);
ip = bc_vec_top(&p->stack);
func = bc_vec_item(&p->fns, ip->func);
code = func->code.v;
+ bc_program_setVecs(p, func);
break;
}
case BC_INST_PRINT_STACK:
{
bc_program_printStack(p);
break;
}
case BC_INST_CLEAR_STACK:
{
bc_vec_npop(&p->results, p->results.len);
break;
}
case BC_INST_STACK_LEN:
{
bc_program_stackLen(p);
break;
}
case BC_INST_DUPLICATE:
{
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 1)))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_STACK);
assert(BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 1));
ptr = bc_vec_top(&p->results);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_result_copy(&r, ptr);
bc_vec_push(&p->results, &r);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
break;
}
case BC_INST_SWAP:
{
BcResult *ptr2;
if (BC_ERR(!BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 2)))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_EXEC_STACK);
assert(BC_PROG_STACK(&p->results, 2));
ptr = bc_vec_item_rev(&p->results, 0);
ptr2 = bc_vec_item_rev(&p->results, 1);
memcpy(&r, ptr, sizeof(BcResult));
memcpy(ptr, ptr2, sizeof(BcResult));
memcpy(ptr2, &r, sizeof(BcResult));
break;
}
case BC_INST_ASCIIFY:
{
bc_program_asciify(p);
ip = bc_vec_top(&p->stack);
func = bc_vec_item(&p->fns, ip->func);
code = func->code.v;
+ bc_program_setVecs(p, func);
break;
}
case BC_INST_PRINT_STREAM:
{
bc_program_printStream(p);
break;
}
case BC_INST_LOAD:
case BC_INST_PUSH_VAR:
{
bool copy = (inst == BC_INST_LOAD);
bc_program_pushVar(p, code, &ip->idx, true, copy);
break;
}
case BC_INST_PUSH_TO_VAR:
{
idx = bc_program_index(code, &ip->idx);
bc_program_copyToVar(p, idx, BC_TYPE_VAR, true);
break;
}
case BC_INST_QUIT:
case BC_INST_NQUIT:
{
bc_program_nquit(p, inst);
ip = bc_vec_top(&p->stack);
func = bc_vec_item(&p->fns, ip->func);
code = func->code.v;
+ bc_program_setVecs(p, func);
break;
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
#ifndef NDEBUG
default:
{
abort();
}
#endif // NDEBUG
}
#ifndef NDEBUG
// This is to allow me to use a debugger to see the last instruction,
// which will point to which function was the problem.
assert(jmp_bufs_len == vm.jmp_bufs.len);
#endif // NDEBUG
}
}
#if BC_DEBUG_CODE
#if BC_ENABLED && DC_ENABLED
void bc_program_printStackDebug(BcProgram *p) {
bc_file_puts(&vm.fout, "-------------- Stack ----------\n");
bc_program_printStack(p);
bc_file_puts(&vm.fout, "-------------- Stack End ------\n");
}
static void bc_program_printIndex(const char *restrict code,
size_t *restrict bgn)
{
uchar byte, i, bytes = (uchar) code[(*bgn)++];
ulong val = 0;
for (byte = 1, i = 0; byte && i < bytes; ++i) {
byte = (uchar) code[(*bgn)++];
if (byte) val |= ((ulong) byte) << (CHAR_BIT * i);
}
bc_vm_printf(" (%lu) ", val);
}
static void bc_program_printStr(const BcProgram *p, const char *restrict code,
size_t *restrict bgn)
{
size_t idx = bc_program_index(code, bgn);
char *s;
s = *((char**) bc_vec_item(p->strs, idx));
bc_vm_printf(" (\"%s\") ", s);
}
void bc_program_printInst(const BcProgram *p, const char *restrict code,
size_t *restrict bgn)
{
uchar inst = (uchar) code[(*bgn)++];
bc_vm_printf("Inst[%zu]: %s [%lu]; ", *bgn - 1,
bc_inst_names[inst], (unsigned long) inst);
if (inst == BC_INST_VAR || inst == BC_INST_ARRAY_ELEM ||
inst == BC_INST_ARRAY)
{
bc_program_printIndex(code, bgn);
}
else if (inst == BC_INST_STR) bc_program_printStr(p, code, bgn);
else if (inst == BC_INST_NUM) {
size_t idx = bc_program_index(code, bgn);
BcConst *c = bc_vec_item(p->consts, idx);
bc_vm_printf("(%s)", c->val);
}
else if (inst == BC_INST_CALL ||
(inst > BC_INST_STR && inst <= BC_INST_JUMP_ZERO))
{
bc_program_printIndex(code, bgn);
if (inst == BC_INST_CALL) bc_program_printIndex(code, bgn);
}
bc_vm_putchar('\n');
}
void bc_program_code(const BcProgram* p) {
BcFunc *f;
char *code;
BcInstPtr ip;
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < p->fns.len; ++i) {
ip.idx = ip.len = 0;
ip.func = i;
f = bc_vec_item(&p->fns, ip.func);
code = f->code.v;
bc_vm_printf("func[%zu]:\n", ip.func);
while (ip.idx < f->code.len) bc_program_printInst(p, code, &ip.idx);
bc_file_puts(&vm.fout, "\n\n");
}
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED && DC_ENABLED
#endif // BC_DEBUG_CODE
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/program.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/rand/rand.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/rand/rand.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/rand/rand.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,415 +1,415 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2019 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Parts of this code are adapted from the following:
*
* PCG, A Family of Better Random Number Generators.
*
* You can find the original source code at:
* https://github.com/imneme/pcg-c
*
* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* Parts of this code are also under the following license:
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Melissa O'Neill and PCG Project contributors
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Code for the RNG.
*
*/
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
-
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <num.h>
#include <rand.h>
#include <vm.h>
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
+
#if !BC_RAND_BUILTIN
static BcRandState bc_rand_addition(uint_fast64_t a, uint_fast64_t b) {
BcRandState res;
res.lo = a + b;
res.hi = (res.lo < a);
return res;
}
static BcRandState bc_rand_addition2(BcRandState a, BcRandState b) {
BcRandState temp, res;
res = bc_rand_addition(a.lo, b.lo);
temp = bc_rand_addition(a.hi, b.hi);
res.hi += temp.lo;
return res;
}
static BcRandState bc_rand_multiply(uint_fast64_t a, uint_fast64_t b) {
uint_fast64_t al, ah, bl, bh, c0, c1, c2, c3;
BcRandState carry, res;
al = BC_RAND_TRUNC32(a);
ah = BC_RAND_CHOP32(a);
bl = BC_RAND_TRUNC32(b);
bh = BC_RAND_CHOP32(b);
c0 = al * bl;
c1 = al * bh;
c2 = ah * bl;
c3 = ah * bh;
carry = bc_rand_addition(c1, c2);
res = bc_rand_addition(c0, (BC_RAND_TRUNC32(carry.lo)) << 32);
res.hi += BC_RAND_CHOP32(carry.lo) + c3 + (carry.hi << 32);
return res;
}
static BcRandState bc_rand_multiply2(BcRandState a, BcRandState b) {
BcRandState c0, c1, c2, carry;
c0 = bc_rand_multiply(a.lo, b.lo);
c1 = bc_rand_multiply(a.lo, b.hi);
c2 = bc_rand_multiply(a.hi, b.lo);
carry = bc_rand_addition2(c1, c2);
carry.hi = carry.lo;
carry.lo = 0;
return bc_rand_addition2(c0, carry);
}
#endif // BC_RAND_BUILTIN
static void bc_rand_setModified(BcRNGData *r) {
#if BC_RAND_BUILTIN
r->inc |= (BcRandState) 1UL;
#else // BC_RAND_BUILTIN
r->inc.lo |= (uint_fast64_t) 1UL;
#endif // BC_RAND_BUILTIN
}
static void bc_rand_clearModified(BcRNGData *r) {
#if BC_RAND_BUILTIN
r->inc &= ~((BcRandState) 1UL);
#else // BC_RAND_BUILTIN
r->inc.lo &= ~(1UL);
#endif // BC_RAND_BUILTIN
}
static void bc_rand_copy(BcRNGData *d, BcRNGData *s) {
bool unmod = BC_RAND_NOTMODIFIED(d);
memcpy(d, s, sizeof(BcRNGData));
if (!unmod) bc_rand_setModified(d);
else if (!BC_RAND_NOTMODIFIED(s)) bc_rand_clearModified(d);
}
static ulong bc_rand_frand(void *ptr) {
ulong buf[1];
int fd;
ssize_t nread;
assert(ptr != NULL);
fd = *((int*) ptr);
nread = read(fd, buf, sizeof(ulong));
if (BC_ERR(nread != sizeof(ulong))) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_FATAL_IO_ERR);
return *((ulong*) buf);
}
static ulong bc_rand_rand(void *ptr) {
size_t i;
ulong res = 0;
BC_UNUSED(ptr);
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(ulong); ++i)
res |= ((ulong) (rand() & BC_RAND_SRAND_BITS)) << (i * CHAR_BIT);
return res;
}
static BcRandState bc_rand_inc(BcRNGData *r) {
BcRandState inc;
#if BC_RAND_BUILTIN
inc = r->inc | 1;
#else // BC_RAND_BUILTIN
inc.lo = r->inc.lo | 1;
inc.hi = r->inc.hi;
#endif // BC_RAND_BUILTIN
return inc;
}
static void bc_rand_setInc(BcRNGData *r) {
#if BC_RAND_BUILTIN
r->inc <<= 1UL;
#else // BC_RAND_BUILTIN
r->inc.hi <<= 1UL;
r->inc.hi |= (r->inc.lo & (1UL << (BC_LONG_BIT - 1))) >> (BC_LONG_BIT - 1);
r->inc.lo <<= 1UL;
#endif // BC_RAND_BUILTIN
}
static void bc_rand_seedState(BcRandState *state, ulong val1, ulong val2) {
#if BC_RAND_BUILTIN
*state = ((BcRandState) val1) | ((BcRandState) val2) << (BC_LONG_BIT);
#else // BC_RAND_BUILTIN
state->lo = val1;
state->hi = val2;
#endif // BC_RAND_BUILTIN
}
static void bc_rand_seedRNG(BcRNGData *r, ulong state1, ulong state2,
ulong inc1, ulong inc2)
{
bc_rand_seedState(&r->state, state1, state2);
bc_rand_seedState(&r->inc, inc1, inc2);
bc_rand_setInc(r);
}
static void bc_rand_fill(BcRNGData *r, BcRandUlong fulong, void *ptr) {
ulong state1, state2, inc1, inc2;
state1 = fulong(ptr);
state2 = fulong(ptr);
inc1 = fulong(ptr);
inc2 = fulong(ptr);
bc_rand_seedRNG(r, state1, state2, inc1, inc2);
}
static void bc_rand_step(BcRNGData *r) {
BcRandState temp = bc_rand_mul2(r->state, bc_rand_multiplier);
r->state = bc_rand_add2(temp, bc_rand_inc(r));
}
static BcRand bc_rand_output(BcRNGData *r) {
return BC_RAND_ROT(BC_RAND_FOLD(r->state), BC_RAND_ROTAMT(r->state));
}
static void bc_rand_seedZeroes(BcRNG *r, BcRNGData *rng, size_t idx) {
BcRNGData *rng2;
if (r->v.len <= idx) return;
rng2 = bc_vec_item_rev(&r->v, idx);
if (BC_RAND_ZERO(rng2)) {
size_t i;
for (i = 1; i < r->v.len; ++i)
bc_rand_copy(bc_vec_item_rev(&r->v, i), rng);
}
}
static void bc_rand_srand(BcRNGData *rng) {
int fd;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY);
if (BC_NO_ERR(fd >= 0)) {
bc_rand_fill(rng, bc_rand_frand, &fd);
close(fd);
}
while (BC_ERR(BC_RAND_ZERO(rng))) bc_rand_fill(rng, bc_rand_rand, NULL);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
}
static void bc_rand_propagate(BcRNG *r, BcRNGData *rng) {
if (r->v.len <= 1) return;
if (BC_RAND_NOTMODIFIED(rng)) {
size_t i;
bool go = true;
for (i = 1; go && i < r->v.len; ++i) {
BcRNGData *rng2 = bc_vec_item_rev(&r->v, i);
go = BC_RAND_NOTMODIFIED(rng2);
bc_rand_copy(rng2, rng);
}
bc_rand_seedZeroes(r, rng, i);
}
else bc_rand_seedZeroes(r, rng, 1);
}
BcRand bc_rand_int(BcRNG *r) {
BcRNGData *rng = bc_vec_top(&r->v);
if (BC_ERR(BC_RAND_ZERO(rng))) bc_rand_srand(rng);
bc_rand_step(rng);
bc_rand_propagate(r, rng);
return bc_rand_output(rng);
}
BcRand bc_rand_bounded(BcRNG *r, BcRand bound) {
BcRand rand, threshold = (0 - bound) % bound;
do {
rand = bc_rand_int(r);
} while (rand < threshold);
return rand % bound;
}
void bc_rand_seed(BcRNG *r, ulong state1, ulong state2, ulong inc1, ulong inc2)
{
BcRNGData *rng = bc_vec_top(&r->v);
bc_rand_seedState(&rng->inc, inc1, inc2);
bc_rand_setInc(rng);
bc_rand_setModified(rng);
if (!state1 && !state2) {
memcpy(&rng->state, &rng->inc, sizeof(BcRandState));
bc_rand_step(rng);
}
else bc_rand_seedState(&rng->state, state1, state2);
bc_rand_propagate(r, rng);
}
static BcRandState bc_rand_getInc(BcRNGData *r) {
BcRandState res;
#if BC_RAND_BUILTIN
res = r->inc >> 1;
#else // BC_RAND_BUILTIN
res = r->inc;
res.lo >>= 1;
res.lo |= (res.hi & 1) << (BC_LONG_BIT - 1);
res.hi >>= 1;
#endif // BC_RAND_BUILTIN
return res;
}
void bc_rand_getRands(BcRNG *r, BcRand *s1, BcRand *s2, BcRand *i1, BcRand *i2)
{
BcRandState inc;
BcRNGData *rng = bc_vec_top(&r->v);
if (BC_ERR(BC_RAND_ZERO(rng))) bc_rand_srand(rng);
inc = bc_rand_getInc(rng);
*s1 = BC_RAND_TRUNC(rng->state);
*s2 = BC_RAND_CHOP(rng->state);
*i1 = BC_RAND_TRUNC(inc);
*i2 = BC_RAND_CHOP(inc);
}
void bc_rand_push(BcRNG *r) {
BcRNGData rng;
memset(&rng, 0, sizeof(BcRNGData));
if (r->v.len > 0) bc_rand_copy(&rng, bc_vec_top(&r->v));
bc_vec_push(&r->v, &rng);
}
void bc_rand_pop(BcRNG *r, bool reset) {
bc_vec_npop(&r->v, reset ? r->v.len - 1 : 1);
}
void bc_rand_init(BcRNG *r) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
bc_vec_init(&r->v, sizeof(BcRNGData), NULL);
bc_rand_push(r);
}
#ifndef NDEBUG
void bc_rand_free(BcRNG *r) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
bc_vec_free(&r->v);
}
#endif // NDEBUG
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/rand/rand.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/read.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/read.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/read.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,226 +1,227 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Code to handle special I/O for bc.
*
*/
#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <read.h>
#include <history.h>
#include <program.h>
#include <vm.h>
static bool bc_read_binary(const char *buf, size_t size) {
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
if (BC_ERR(BC_READ_BIN_CHAR(buf[i]))) return true;
}
return false;
}
-static bool bc_read_buf(BcVec *vec) {
+bool bc_read_buf(BcVec *vec, char *buf, size_t *buf_len) {
char *nl;
- if (!vm.buf_len) return false;
+ if (!*buf_len) return false;
- nl = strchr(vm.buf, '\n');
+ nl = strchr(buf, '\n');
if (nl != NULL) {
- size_t nllen = (size_t) ((nl + 1) - vm.buf);
+ size_t nllen = (size_t) ((nl + 1) - buf);
- nllen = vm.buf_len >= nllen ? nllen : vm.buf_len;
+ nllen = *buf_len >= nllen ? nllen : *buf_len;
- bc_vec_npush(vec, nllen, vm.buf);
- vm.buf_len -= nllen;
- memmove(vm.buf, nl + 1, vm.buf_len);
+ bc_vec_npush(vec, nllen, buf);
+ *buf_len -= nllen;
+ memmove(buf, nl + 1, *buf_len + 1);
return true;
}
- bc_vec_npush(vec, vm.buf_len, vm.buf);
- vm.buf_len = 0;
+ bc_vec_npush(vec, *buf_len, buf);
+ *buf_len = 0;
return false;
}
BcStatus bc_read_chars(BcVec *vec, const char *prompt) {
bool done = false;
assert(vec != NULL && vec->size == sizeof(char));
BC_SIG_ASSERT_NOT_LOCKED;
bc_vec_npop(vec, vec->len);
#if BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
if (BC_USE_PROMPT) {
bc_file_puts(&vm.fout, prompt);
bc_file_flush(&vm.fout);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
- if (bc_read_buf(vec)) {
+ if (bc_read_buf(vec, vm.buf, &vm.buf_len)) {
bc_vec_pushByte(vec, '\0');
return BC_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}
while (!done) {
ssize_t r;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
r = read(STDIN_FILENO, vm.buf + vm.buf_len,
BC_VM_STDIN_BUF_SIZE - vm.buf_len);
if (BC_UNLIKELY(r < 0)) {
if (errno == EINTR) {
if (vm.status == (sig_atomic_t) BC_STATUS_QUIT) {
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
return BC_STATUS_QUIT;
}
assert(vm.sig);
vm.status = (sig_atomic_t) BC_STATUS_SUCCESS;
#if BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
if (BC_USE_PROMPT) bc_file_puts(&vm.fout, prompt);
#endif // BC_ENABLE_PROMPT
bc_file_flush(&vm.fout);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
continue;
}
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_FATAL_IO_ERR);
}
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
if (r == 0) {
bc_vec_pushByte(vec, '\0');
return BC_STATUS_EOF;
}
vm.buf_len += (size_t) r;
+ vm.buf[vm.buf_len] = '\0';
- done = bc_read_buf(vec);
+ done = bc_read_buf(vec, vm.buf, &vm.buf_len);
}
bc_vec_pushByte(vec, '\0');
return BC_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}
BcStatus bc_read_line(BcVec *vec, const char *prompt) {
BcStatus s;
#if BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
if (BC_TTY && !vm.history.badTerm)
s = bc_history_line(&vm.history, vec, prompt);
else s = bc_read_chars(vec, prompt);
#else // BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
s = bc_read_chars(vec, prompt);
#endif // BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
if (BC_ERR(bc_read_binary(vec->v, vec->len - 1)))
bc_vm_verr(BC_ERROR_FATAL_BIN_FILE, bc_program_stdin_name);
return s;
}
void bc_read_file(const char *path, char **buf) {
BcError e = BC_ERROR_FATAL_IO_ERR;
size_t size, r;
struct stat pstat;
int fd;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(path != NULL);
fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
if (BC_ERR(fd < 0)) bc_vm_verr(BC_ERROR_FATAL_FILE_ERR, path);
if (BC_ERR(fstat(fd, &pstat) == -1)) goto malloc_err;
if (BC_ERR(S_ISDIR(pstat.st_mode))) {
e = BC_ERROR_FATAL_PATH_DIR;
goto malloc_err;
}
size = (size_t) pstat.st_size;
*buf = bc_vm_malloc(size + 1);
r = (size_t) read(fd, *buf, size);
if (BC_ERR(r != size)) goto read_err;
(*buf)[size] = '\0';
if (BC_ERR(bc_read_binary(*buf, size))) {
e = BC_ERROR_FATAL_BIN_FILE;
goto read_err;
}
close(fd);
return;
read_err:
free(*buf);
malloc_err:
close(fd);
bc_vm_verr(e, path);
}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/read.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/vector.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/vector.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/vector.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,311 +1,345 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Code to manipulate vectors (resizable arrays).
*
*/
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <status.h>
#include <vector.h>
#include <lang.h>
#include <vm.h>
static void bc_vec_grow(BcVec *restrict v, size_t n) {
size_t len, cap = v->cap;
sig_atomic_t lock;
len = bc_vm_growSize(v->len, n);
while (cap < len) cap = bc_vm_growSize(cap, cap);
BC_SIG_TRYLOCK(lock);
v->v = bc_vm_realloc(v->v, bc_vm_arraySize(cap, v->size));
v->cap = cap;
BC_SIG_TRYUNLOCK(lock);
}
void bc_vec_init(BcVec *restrict v, size_t esize, BcVecFree dtor) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(v != NULL && esize);
v->size = esize;
v->cap = BC_VEC_START_CAP;
v->len = 0;
v->dtor = dtor;
v->v = bc_vm_malloc(bc_vm_arraySize(BC_VEC_START_CAP, esize));
}
void bc_vec_expand(BcVec *restrict v, size_t req) {
assert(v != NULL);
if (v->cap < req) {
sig_atomic_t lock;
BC_SIG_TRYLOCK(lock);
v->v = bc_vm_realloc(v->v, bc_vm_arraySize(req, v->size));
v->cap = req;
BC_SIG_TRYUNLOCK(lock);
}
}
void bc_vec_npop(BcVec *restrict v, size_t n) {
+ sig_atomic_t lock;
+
assert(v != NULL && n <= v->len);
+ BC_SIG_TRYLOCK(lock);
+
if (v->dtor == NULL) v->len -= n;
else {
-
- sig_atomic_t lock;
size_t len = v->len - n;
-
- BC_SIG_TRYLOCK(lock);
-
while (v->len > len) v->dtor(v->v + (v->size * --v->len));
-
- BC_SIG_TRYUNLOCK(lock);
}
+
+ BC_SIG_TRYUNLOCK(lock);
}
void bc_vec_npopAt(BcVec *restrict v, size_t n, size_t idx) {
char* ptr, *data;
assert(v != NULL);
assert(idx + n < v->len);
ptr = bc_vec_item(v, idx);
data = bc_vec_item(v, idx + n);
+ BC_SIG_LOCK;
+
if (v->dtor != NULL) {
size_t i;
- BC_SIG_LOCK;
-
for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) v->dtor(bc_vec_item(v, idx + i));
-
- BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
}
v->len -= n;
memmove(ptr, data, (v->len - idx) * v->size);
+
+ BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
}
void bc_vec_npush(BcVec *restrict v, size_t n, const void *data) {
+
+ sig_atomic_t lock;
+
assert(v != NULL && data != NULL);
+
+ BC_SIG_TRYLOCK(lock);
+
if (v->len + n > v->cap) bc_vec_grow(v, n);
+
memcpy(v->v + (v->size * v->len), data, v->size * n);
v->len += n;
+
+ BC_SIG_TRYUNLOCK(lock);
}
inline void bc_vec_push(BcVec *restrict v, const void *data) {
bc_vec_npush(v, 1, data);
}
void bc_vec_pushByte(BcVec *restrict v, uchar data) {
assert(v != NULL && v->size == sizeof(uchar));
- if (v->len == v->cap) bc_vec_grow(v, 1);
- v->v[v->len] = (char) data;
- v->len += 1;
+ bc_vec_npush(v, 1, &data);
}
void bc_vec_pushIndex(BcVec *restrict v, size_t idx) {
- uchar amt, nums[sizeof(size_t)];
+ uchar amt, nums[sizeof(size_t) + 1];
assert(v != NULL);
assert(v->size == sizeof(uchar));
for (amt = 0; idx; ++amt) {
- nums[amt] = (uchar) idx;
+ nums[amt + 1] = (uchar) idx;
idx &= ((size_t) ~(UCHAR_MAX));
idx >>= sizeof(uchar) * CHAR_BIT;
}
- bc_vec_push(v, &amt);
- bc_vec_npush(v, amt, nums);
+ nums[0] = amt;
+
+ bc_vec_npush(v, amt + 1, nums);
}
static void bc_vec_pushAt(BcVec *restrict v, const void *data, size_t idx) {
+ sig_atomic_t lock;
+
assert(v != NULL && data != NULL && idx <= v->len);
+ BC_SIG_TRYLOCK(lock);
+
if (idx == v->len) bc_vec_push(v, data);
else {
char *ptr;
if (v->len == v->cap) bc_vec_grow(v, 1);
ptr = v->v + v->size * idx;
memmove(ptr + v->size, ptr, v->size * (v->len++ - idx));
memmove(ptr, data, v->size);
}
+
+ BC_SIG_TRYUNLOCK(lock);
}
void bc_vec_string(BcVec *restrict v, size_t len, const char *restrict str) {
+ sig_atomic_t lock;
+
assert(v != NULL && v->size == sizeof(char));
assert(v->dtor == NULL);
assert(!v->len || !v->v[v->len - 1]);
assert(v->v != str);
+ BC_SIG_TRYLOCK(lock);
+
bc_vec_npop(v, v->len);
bc_vec_expand(v, bc_vm_growSize(len, 1));
memcpy(v->v, str, len);
v->len = len;
bc_vec_pushByte(v, '\0');
+
+ BC_SIG_TRYUNLOCK(lock);
}
void bc_vec_concat(BcVec *restrict v, const char *restrict str) {
+ sig_atomic_t lock;
+
assert(v != NULL && v->size == sizeof(char));
assert(v->dtor == NULL);
assert(!v->len || !v->v[v->len - 1]);
assert(v->v != str);
+ BC_SIG_TRYLOCK(lock);
+
if (v->len) v->len -= 1;
bc_vec_npush(v, strlen(str) + 1, str);
+
+ BC_SIG_TRYUNLOCK(lock);
}
void bc_vec_empty(BcVec *restrict v) {
+
+ sig_atomic_t lock;
+
assert(v != NULL && v->size == sizeof(char));
assert(v->dtor == NULL);
+
+ BC_SIG_TRYLOCK(lock);
+
bc_vec_npop(v, v->len);
bc_vec_pushByte(v, '\0');
+
+ BC_SIG_TRYUNLOCK(lock);
}
#if BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
void bc_vec_replaceAt(BcVec *restrict v, size_t idx, const void *data) {
char *ptr;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(v != NULL);
ptr = bc_vec_item(v, idx);
if (v->dtor != NULL) v->dtor(ptr);
memcpy(ptr, data, v->size);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
inline void* bc_vec_item(const BcVec *restrict v, size_t idx) {
assert(v != NULL && v->len && idx < v->len);
return v->v + v->size * idx;
}
inline void* bc_vec_item_rev(const BcVec *restrict v, size_t idx) {
assert(v != NULL && v->len && idx < v->len);
return v->v + v->size * (v->len - idx - 1);
}
inline void bc_vec_clear(BcVec *restrict v) {
+ BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
v->v = NULL;
v->len = 0;
v->dtor = NULL;
}
void bc_vec_free(void *vec) {
BcVec *v = (BcVec*) vec;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
bc_vec_npop(v, v->len);
free(v->v);
}
static size_t bc_map_find(const BcVec *restrict v, const char *name) {
size_t low = 0, high = v->len;
while (low < high) {
size_t mid = (low + high) / 2;
const BcId *id = bc_vec_item(v, mid);
int result = strcmp(name, id->name);
if (!result) return mid;
else if (result < 0) high = mid;
else low = mid + 1;
}
return low;
}
bool bc_map_insert(BcVec *restrict v, const char *name,
size_t idx, size_t *restrict i)
{
BcId id;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
assert(v != NULL && name != NULL && i != NULL);
*i = bc_map_find(v, name);
assert(*i <= v->len);
if (*i != v->len && !strcmp(name, ((BcId*) bc_vec_item(v, *i))->name))
return false;
id.name = bc_vm_strdup(name);
id.idx = idx;
bc_vec_pushAt(v, &id, *i);
return true;
}
size_t bc_map_index(const BcVec *restrict v, const char *name) {
size_t i;
assert(v != NULL && name != NULL);
i = bc_map_find(v, name);
if (i >= v->len) return BC_VEC_INVALID_IDX;
return strcmp(name, ((BcId*) bc_vec_item(v, i))->name) ?
BC_VEC_INVALID_IDX : i;
}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/vector.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src/vm.c
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src/vm.c (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src/vm.c (revision 362987)
@@ -1,819 +1,858 @@
/*
* *****************************************************************************
*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
+ *
* Copyright (c) 2018-2020 Gavin D. Howard and contributors.
*
- * All rights reserved.
- *
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* *****************************************************************************
*
* Code common to all of bc and dc.
*
*/
#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#ifndef _WIN32
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#else // _WIN32
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <windows.h>
#include <io.h>
#endif // _WIN32
#include <status.h>
#include <vector.h>
#include <args.h>
#include <vm.h>
#include <read.h>
#include <bc.h>
#if BC_DEBUG_CODE
BC_NORETURN void bc_vm_jmp(const char* f) {
#else // BC_DEBUG_CODE
BC_NORETURN void bc_vm_jmp(void) {
#endif
- assert(vm.status != BC_STATUS_SUCCESS || vm.sig);
+ assert(BC_SIG_EXC);
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
#if BC_DEBUG_CODE
bc_file_puts(&vm.ferr, "Longjmp: ");
bc_file_puts(&vm.ferr, f);
bc_file_putchar(&vm.ferr, '\n');
bc_file_flush(&vm.ferr);
#endif // BC_DEBUG_CODE
#ifndef NDEBUG
assert(vm.jmp_bufs.len - (size_t) vm.sig_pop);
#endif // NDEBUG
if (vm.sig_pop) bc_vec_pop(&vm.jmp_bufs);
else vm.sig_pop = 1;
siglongjmp(*((sigjmp_buf*) bc_vec_top(&vm.jmp_bufs)), 1);
}
static void bc_vm_sig(int sig) {
// There is already a signal in flight.
if (vm.status == (sig_atomic_t) BC_STATUS_QUIT || vm.sig) {
if (!BC_TTY || sig != SIGINT) vm.status = BC_STATUS_QUIT;
return;
}
if (BC_TTY && sig == SIGINT) {
int err = errno;
if (write(STDOUT_FILENO, vm.sigmsg, vm.siglen) != (ssize_t) vm.siglen)
vm.status = BC_STATUS_ERROR_FATAL;
else vm.sig = 1;
errno = err;
}
else vm.status = BC_STATUS_QUIT;
assert(vm.jmp_bufs.len);
if (!vm.sig_lock) BC_VM_JMP;
}
void bc_vm_info(const char* const help) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
bc_file_puts(&vm.fout, vm.name);
bc_file_putchar(&vm.fout, ' ');
bc_file_puts(&vm.fout, BC_VERSION);
bc_file_putchar(&vm.fout, '\n');
bc_file_puts(&vm.fout, bc_copyright);
if (help) {
bc_file_putchar(&vm.fout, '\n');
bc_file_printf(&vm.fout, help, vm.name, vm.name);
}
bc_file_flush(&vm.fout);
}
void bc_vm_error(BcError e, size_t line, ...) {
BcStatus s;
va_list args;
uchar id = bc_err_ids[e];
const char* err_type = vm.err_ids[id];
sig_atomic_t lock;
assert(e < BC_ERROR_NELEMS);
assert(!vm.sig_pop);
#if BC_ENABLED
if (!BC_S && e >= BC_ERROR_POSIX_START) {
if (BC_W) {
// Make sure to not return an error.
id = UCHAR_MAX;
err_type = vm.err_ids[BC_ERR_IDX_WARN];
}
else return;
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
BC_SIG_TRYLOCK(lock);
// Make sure all of stdout is written first.
s = bc_file_flushErr(&vm.fout);
if (BC_ERR(s == BC_STATUS_ERROR_FATAL)) {
vm.status = (sig_atomic_t) s;
BC_VM_JMP;
}
va_start(args, line);
bc_file_putchar(&vm.ferr, '\n');
bc_file_puts(&vm.ferr, err_type);
bc_file_putchar(&vm.ferr, ' ');
bc_file_vprintf(&vm.ferr, vm.err_msgs[e], args);
va_end(args);
if (BC_NO_ERR(vm.file)) {
// This is the condition for parsing vs runtime.
// If line is not 0, it is parsing.
if (line) {
bc_file_puts(&vm.ferr, "\n ");
bc_file_puts(&vm.ferr, vm.file);
bc_file_printf(&vm.ferr, bc_err_line, line);
}
else {
BcInstPtr *ip = bc_vec_item_rev(&vm.prog.stack, 0);
BcFunc *f = bc_vec_item(&vm.prog.fns, ip->func);
bc_file_puts(&vm.ferr, "\n ");
bc_file_puts(&vm.ferr, vm.func_header);
bc_file_putchar(&vm.ferr, ' ');
bc_file_puts(&vm.ferr, f->name);
+#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_BC && ip->func != BC_PROG_MAIN &&
ip->func != BC_PROG_READ)
{
bc_file_puts(&vm.ferr, "()");
}
+#endif // BC_ENABLED
}
}
bc_file_puts(&vm.ferr, "\n\n");
s = bc_file_flushErr(&vm.ferr);
vm.status = s == BC_STATUS_ERROR_FATAL ?
(sig_atomic_t) s : (sig_atomic_t) (uchar) (id + 1);
if (BC_ERR(vm.status)) BC_VM_JMP;
BC_SIG_TRYUNLOCK(lock);
}
static void bc_vm_envArgs(const char* const env_args_name) {
char *env_args = getenv(env_args_name), *buf, *start;
char instr = '\0';
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
if (env_args == NULL) return;
start = buf = vm.env_args_buffer = bc_vm_strdup(env_args);
assert(buf != NULL);
bc_vec_init(&vm.env_args, sizeof(char*), NULL);
bc_vec_push(&vm.env_args, &env_args_name);
while (*buf) {
if (!isspace(*buf)) {
if (*buf == '"' || *buf == '\'') {
instr = *buf;
buf += 1;
if (*buf == instr) {
instr = '\0';
buf += 1;
continue;
}
}
bc_vec_push(&vm.env_args, &buf);
while (*buf && ((!instr && !isspace(*buf)) ||
(instr && *buf != instr)))
{
buf += 1;
}
if (*buf) {
if (instr) instr = '\0';
*buf = '\0';
buf += 1;
start = buf;
}
else if (instr) bc_vm_error(BC_ERROR_FATAL_OPTION, 0, start);
}
else buf += 1;
}
// Make sure to push a NULL pointer at the end.
buf = NULL;
bc_vec_push(&vm.env_args, &buf);
bc_args((int) vm.env_args.len - 1, bc_vec_item(&vm.env_args, 0));
}
static size_t bc_vm_envLen(const char *var) {
char *lenv = getenv(var);
size_t i, len = BC_NUM_PRINT_WIDTH;
int num;
if (lenv == NULL) return len;
len = strlen(lenv);
for (num = 1, i = 0; num && i < len; ++i) num = isdigit(lenv[i]);
if (num) {
len = (size_t) atoi(lenv) - 1;
if (len < 2 || len >= UINT16_MAX) len = BC_NUM_PRINT_WIDTH;
}
else len = BC_NUM_PRINT_WIDTH;
return len;
}
void bc_vm_shutdown(void) {
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
#if BC_ENABLE_NLS
if (vm.catalog != BC_VM_INVALID_CATALOG) catclose(vm.catalog);
#endif // BC_ENABLE_NLS
#if BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
// This must always run to ensure that the terminal is back to normal.
if (BC_TTY) bc_history_free(&vm.history);
#endif // BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
#ifndef NDEBUG
bc_vec_free(&vm.env_args);
free(vm.env_args_buffer);
bc_vec_free(&vm.files);
bc_vec_free(&vm.exprs);
bc_program_free(&vm.prog);
bc_parse_free(&vm.prs);
{
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < vm.temps.len; ++i)
free(((BcNum*) bc_vec_item(&vm.temps, i))->num);
bc_vec_free(&vm.temps);
}
#endif // NDEBUG
bc_file_free(&vm.fout);
bc_file_free(&vm.ferr);
}
-size_t bc_vm_arraySize(size_t n, size_t size) {
+inline size_t bc_vm_arraySize(size_t n, size_t size) {
size_t res = n * size;
if (BC_ERR(res >= SIZE_MAX || (n != 0 && res / n != size)))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_FATAL_ALLOC_ERR);
return res;
}
-size_t bc_vm_growSize(size_t a, size_t b) {
+inline size_t bc_vm_growSize(size_t a, size_t b) {
size_t res = a + b;
if (BC_ERR(res >= SIZE_MAX || res < a || res < b))
bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_FATAL_ALLOC_ERR);
return res;
}
void* bc_vm_malloc(size_t n) {
void* ptr;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
ptr = malloc(n);
if (BC_ERR(ptr == NULL)) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_FATAL_ALLOC_ERR);
return ptr;
}
void* bc_vm_realloc(void *ptr, size_t n) {
void* temp;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
temp = realloc(ptr, n);
if (BC_ERR(temp == NULL)) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_FATAL_ALLOC_ERR);
return temp;
}
char* bc_vm_strdup(const char *str) {
char *s;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
s = strdup(str);
if (BC_ERR(!s)) bc_vm_err(BC_ERROR_FATAL_ALLOC_ERR);
return s;
}
void bc_vm_printf(const char *fmt, ...) {
va_list args;
BC_SIG_LOCK;
va_start(args, fmt);
bc_file_vprintf(&vm.fout, fmt, args);
va_end(args);
vm.nchars = 0;
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
}
void bc_vm_putchar(int c) {
bc_file_putchar(&vm.fout, (uchar) c);
vm.nchars = (c == '\n' ? 0 : vm.nchars + 1);
}
static void bc_vm_clean(void) {
- BcProgram *prog = &vm.prog;
- BcVec *fns = &prog->fns;
+ BcVec *fns = &vm.prog.fns;
BcFunc *f = bc_vec_item(fns, BC_PROG_MAIN);
- BcInstPtr *ip = bc_vec_item(&prog->stack, 0);
- bool good = (vm.status && vm.status != BC_STATUS_QUIT);
+ BcInstPtr *ip = bc_vec_item(&vm.prog.stack, 0);
+ bool good = ((vm.status && vm.status != BC_STATUS_QUIT) || vm.sig);
if (good) bc_program_reset(&vm.prog);
#if BC_ENABLED
if (good && BC_IS_BC) good = !BC_PARSE_NO_EXEC(&vm.prs);
#endif // BC_ENABLED
#if DC_ENABLED
- if (!BC_IS_BC) {
+ if (BC_IS_DC) {
size_t i;
- for (i = 0; i < vm.prog.vars.len; ++i) {
- BcVec *arr = bc_vec_item(&vm.prog.vars, i);
- BcNum *n = bc_vec_top(arr);
- if (arr->len != 1 || BC_PROG_STR(n)) break;
- }
+ good = true;
- if (i == vm.prog.vars.len) {
-
- for (i = 0; i < vm.prog.arrs.len; ++i) {
-
- BcVec *arr = bc_vec_item(&vm.prog.arrs, i);
- size_t j;
-
- assert(arr->len == 1);
-
- arr = bc_vec_top(arr);
-
- for (j = 0; j < arr->len; ++j) {
- BcNum *n = bc_vec_item(arr, j);
- if (BC_PROG_STR(n)) break;
- }
-
- if (j != arr->len) break;
- }
-
- good = (i == vm.prog.arrs.len);
+ for (i = 0; good && i < vm.prog.results.len; ++i) {
+ BcResult *r = (BcResult*) bc_vec_item(&vm.prog.results, i);
+ good = BC_VM_SAFE_RESULT(r);
}
}
#endif // DC_ENABLED
// If this condition is true, we can get rid of strings,
// constants, and code. This is an idea from busybox.
- if (good && prog->stack.len == 1 && !prog->results.len &&
- ip->idx == f->code.len)
- {
+ if (good && vm.prog.stack.len == 1 && ip->idx == f->code.len) {
+
#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_BC) {
bc_vec_npop(&f->labels, f->labels.len);
bc_vec_npop(&f->strs, f->strs.len);
+ bc_vec_npop(&f->consts, f->consts.len);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
- bc_vec_npop(&f->consts, f->consts.len);
+
+#if DC_ENABLED
+ // Note to self: you cannot delete strings and functions. Deal with it.
+ if (BC_IS_DC) bc_vec_npop(vm.prog.consts, vm.prog.consts->len);
+#endif // DC_ENABLED
+
bc_vec_npop(&f->code, f->code.len);
+
ip->idx = 0;
}
}
static void bc_vm_process(const char *text, bool is_stdin) {
bc_parse_text(&vm.prs, text);
do {
#if BC_ENABLED
if (vm.prs.l.t == BC_LEX_KW_DEFINE) vm.parse(&vm.prs);
#endif // BC_ENABLED
while (BC_PARSE_CAN_PARSE(vm.prs)) vm.parse(&vm.prs);
#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_BC) {
uint16_t *flags = BC_PARSE_TOP_FLAG_PTR(&vm.prs);
if (!is_stdin && vm.prs.flags.len == 1 &&
*flags == BC_PARSE_FLAG_IF_END)
{
bc_parse_noElse(&vm.prs);
}
if (BC_PARSE_NO_EXEC(&vm.prs)) return;
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
bc_program_exec(&vm.prog);
+
+ assert(BC_IS_DC || vm.prog.results.len == 0);
+
if (BC_I) bc_file_flush(&vm.fout);
} while (vm.prs.l.t != BC_LEX_EOF);
}
static void bc_vm_file(const char *file) {
char *data = NULL;
assert(!vm.sig_pop);
bc_lex_file(&vm.prs.l, file);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_read_file(file, &data);
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_vm_process(data, false);
#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_BC && BC_ERR(BC_PARSE_NO_EXEC(&vm.prs)))
bc_parse_err(&vm.prs, BC_ERROR_PARSE_BLOCK);
#endif // BC_ENABLED
err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
free(data);
bc_vm_clean();
// bc_program_reset(), called by bc_vm_clean(), resets the status.
// We want it to clear the sig_pop variable in case it was set.
if (vm.status == (sig_atomic_t) BC_STATUS_SUCCESS) BC_LONGJMP_STOP;
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
static void bc_vm_stdin(void) {
BcStatus s;
BcVec buf, buffer;
size_t string = 0;
bool comment = false, hash = false;
bc_lex_file(&vm.prs.l, bc_program_stdin_name);
BC_SIG_LOCK;
bc_vec_init(&buffer, sizeof(uchar), NULL);
bc_vec_init(&buf, sizeof(uchar), NULL);
bc_vec_pushByte(&buffer, '\0');
BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
restart:
// This loop is complex because the vm tries not to send any lines that end
// with a backslash to the parser. The reason for that is because the parser
// treats a backslash+newline combo as whitespace, per the bc spec. In that
// case, and for strings and comments, the parser will expect more stuff.
while ((!(s = bc_read_line(&buf, ">>> ")) ||
(vm.eof = (s == BC_STATUS_EOF))) && buf.len > 1)
{
char c2, *str = buf.v;
size_t i, len = buf.len - 1;
for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
bool notend = len > i + 1;
uchar c = (uchar) str[i];
hash = (!comment && !string && ((hash && c != '\n') ||
(!hash && c == '#')));
if (!hash && !comment && (i - 1 > len || str[i - 1] != '\\')) {
if (BC_IS_BC) string ^= (c == '"');
else if (c == ']') string -= 1;
else if (c == '[') string += 1;
}
if (BC_IS_BC && !hash && !string && notend) {
c2 = str[i + 1];
if (c == '/' && !comment && c2 == '*') {
comment = true;
i += 1;
}
else if (c == '*' && comment && c2 == '/') {
comment = false;
i += 1;
}
}
}
bc_vec_concat(&buffer, buf.v);
if (string || comment) continue;
if (len >= 2 && str[len - 2] == '\\' && str[len - 1] == '\n') continue;
#if BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
if (vm.history.stdin_has_data) continue;
#endif // BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
bc_vm_process(buffer.v, true);
bc_vec_empty(&buffer);
if (vm.eof) break;
+ else bc_vm_clean();
}
if (!BC_STATUS_IS_ERROR(s)) {
if (BC_ERR(comment))
bc_parse_err(&vm.prs, BC_ERROR_PARSE_COMMENT);
else if (BC_ERR(string))
bc_parse_err(&vm.prs, BC_ERROR_PARSE_STRING);
#if BC_ENABLED
else if (BC_IS_BC && BC_ERR(BC_PARSE_NO_EXEC(&vm.prs)))
bc_parse_err(&vm.prs, BC_ERROR_PARSE_BLOCK);
#endif // BC_ENABLED
}
err:
BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
bc_vm_clean();
vm.status = vm.status == BC_STATUS_ERROR_FATAL ||
vm.status == BC_STATUS_QUIT || !BC_I ?
vm.status : BC_STATUS_SUCCESS;
if (!vm.status && !vm.eof) {
bc_vec_empty(&buffer);
BC_LONGJMP_STOP;
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
goto restart;
}
bc_vec_free(&buf);
bc_vec_free(&buffer);
BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
}
#if BC_ENABLED
static void bc_vm_load(const char *name, const char *text) {
bc_lex_file(&vm.prs.l, name);
bc_parse_text(&vm.prs, text);
while (vm.prs.l.t != BC_LEX_EOF) vm.parse(&vm.prs);
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
static void bc_vm_defaultMsgs(void) {
size_t i;
vm.func_header = bc_err_func_header;
for (i = 0; i < BC_ERR_IDX_NELEMS + BC_ENABLED; ++i)
vm.err_ids[i] = bc_errs[i];
for (i = 0; i < BC_ERROR_NELEMS; ++i) vm.err_msgs[i] = bc_err_msgs[i];
}
static void bc_vm_gettext(void) {
#if BC_ENABLE_NLS
uchar id = 0;
int set = 1, msg = 1;
size_t i;
if (vm.locale == NULL) {
vm.catalog = BC_VM_INVALID_CATALOG;
bc_vm_defaultMsgs();
return;
}
vm.catalog = catopen(BC_MAINEXEC, NL_CAT_LOCALE);
if (vm.catalog == BC_VM_INVALID_CATALOG) {
bc_vm_defaultMsgs();
return;
}
vm.func_header = catgets(vm.catalog, set, msg, bc_err_func_header);
for (set += 1; msg <= BC_ERR_IDX_NELEMS + BC_ENABLED; ++msg)
vm.err_ids[msg - 1] = catgets(vm.catalog, set, msg, bc_errs[msg - 1]);
i = 0;
id = bc_err_ids[i];
for (set = id + 3, msg = 1; i < BC_ERROR_NELEMS; ++i, ++msg) {
if (id != bc_err_ids[i]) {
msg = 1;
id = bc_err_ids[i];
set = id + 3;
}
vm.err_msgs[i] = catgets(vm.catalog, set, msg, bc_err_msgs[i]);
}
#else // BC_ENABLE_NLS
bc_vm_defaultMsgs();
#endif // BC_ENABLE_NLS
}
static void bc_vm_exec(const char* env_exp_exit) {
size_t i;
bool has_file = false;
+ BcVec buf;
#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_BC && (vm.flags & BC_FLAG_L)) {
bc_vm_load(bc_lib_name, bc_lib);
#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
if (!BC_IS_POSIX) bc_vm_load(bc_lib2_name, bc_lib2);
#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
}
#endif // BC_ENABLED
if (vm.exprs.len) {
+
+ size_t len = vm.exprs.len - 1;
+ bool more;
+
+ BC_SIG_LOCK;
+ bc_vec_init(&buf, sizeof(uchar), NULL);
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+ BC_SETJMP_LOCKED(err);
+#endif // NDEBUG
+
+ BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
+
bc_lex_file(&vm.prs.l, bc_program_exprs_name);
- bc_vm_process(vm.exprs.v, false);
+
+ do {
+
+ more = bc_read_buf(&buf, vm.exprs.v, &len);
+ bc_vec_pushByte(&buf, '\0');
+ bc_vm_process(buf.v, false);
+
+ bc_vec_npop(&buf, buf.len);
+
+ } while (more);
+
+ BC_SIG_LOCK;
+ bc_vec_free(&buf);
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+ BC_UNSETJMP;
+#endif // NDEBUG
+
+ BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
+
if (getenv(env_exp_exit) != NULL) return;
}
for (i = 0; i < vm.files.len; ++i) {
char *path = *((char**) bc_vec_item(&vm.files, i));
if (!strcmp(path, "")) continue;
has_file = true;
bc_vm_file(path);
}
if (BC_IS_BC || !has_file) bc_vm_stdin();
+
+// These are all protected by ifndef NDEBUG because if these are needed, bc is
+// goingi to exit anyway, and I see no reason to include this code in a release
+// build when the OS is going to free all of the resources anyway.
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+ return;
+
+err:
+ BC_SIG_MAYLOCK;
+ bc_vec_free(&buf);
+ BC_LONGJMP_CONT;
+#endif // NDEBUG
}
void bc_vm_boot(int argc, char *argv[], const char *env_len,
const char* const env_args, const char* env_exp_exit)
{
int ttyin, ttyout, ttyerr;
struct sigaction sa;
BC_SIG_ASSERT_LOCKED;
ttyin = isatty(STDIN_FILENO);
ttyout = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
ttyerr = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
vm.flags |= ttyin ? BC_FLAG_TTYIN : 0;
vm.flags |= (ttyin != 0 && ttyout != 0 && ttyerr != 0) ? BC_FLAG_TTY : 0;
vm.flags |= ttyin && ttyout ? BC_FLAG_I : 0;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
sa.sa_handler = bc_vm_sig;
sa.sa_flags = SA_NODEFER;
sigaction(SIGTERM, &sa, NULL);
sigaction(SIGQUIT, &sa, NULL);
sigaction(SIGINT, &sa, NULL);
#if BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
if (BC_TTY) sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, NULL);
#endif // BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
memcpy(vm.max_num, bc_num_bigdigMax,
bc_num_bigdigMax_size * sizeof(BcDig));
bc_num_setup(&vm.max, vm.max_num, BC_NUM_BIGDIG_LOG10);
vm.max.len = bc_num_bigdigMax_size;
vm.file = NULL;
bc_vm_gettext();
bc_file_init(&vm.ferr, STDERR_FILENO, output_bufs + BC_VM_STDOUT_BUF_SIZE,
BC_VM_STDERR_BUF_SIZE);
bc_file_init(&vm.fout, STDOUT_FILENO, output_bufs, BC_VM_STDOUT_BUF_SIZE);
vm.buf = output_bufs + BC_VM_STDOUT_BUF_SIZE + BC_VM_STDERR_BUF_SIZE;
vm.line_len = (uint16_t) bc_vm_envLen(env_len);
bc_vec_clear(&vm.files);
bc_vec_clear(&vm.exprs);
bc_vec_init(&vm.temps, sizeof(BcNum), NULL);
bc_program_init(&vm.prog);
bc_parse_init(&vm.prs, &vm.prog, BC_PROG_MAIN);
#if BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
if (BC_TTY) bc_history_init(&vm.history);
#endif // BC_ENABLE_HISTORY
#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_BC) vm.flags |= BC_FLAG_S * (getenv("POSIXLY_CORRECT") != NULL);
#endif // BC_ENABLED
bc_vm_envArgs(env_args);
bc_args(argc, argv);
+#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_POSIX) vm.flags &= ~(BC_FLAG_G);
+#endif // BC_ENABLED
vm.maxes[BC_PROG_GLOBALS_IBASE] = BC_NUM_MAX_POSIX_IBASE;
vm.maxes[BC_PROG_GLOBALS_OBASE] = BC_MAX_OBASE;
vm.maxes[BC_PROG_GLOBALS_SCALE] = BC_MAX_SCALE;
-#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#if BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
vm.maxes[BC_PROG_MAX_RAND] = ((BcRand) 0) - 1;
-#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
+#endif // BC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH && BC_ENABLE_RAND
+#if BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_BC && !BC_IS_POSIX)
vm.maxes[BC_PROG_GLOBALS_IBASE] = BC_NUM_MAX_IBASE;
+#endif // BC_ENABLED
if (BC_IS_BC && BC_I && !(vm.flags & BC_FLAG_Q)) bc_vm_info(NULL);
BC_SIG_UNLOCK;
bc_vm_exec(env_exp_exit);
}
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src/vm.c
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:keywords
## -1 +0,0 ##
-FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/src
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/src (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc/src (revision 362987)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/src
___________________________________________________________________
Deleted: svn:ignore
## -1,23 +0,0 ##
-*.sh
-*.yml
-*.py
-.git
-.gitignore
-.svnignore
-*.utf8.msg
-Makefile
-tests
-de_AT.*
-de_CH.*
-en_AU.*
-en_CA.*
-en_GB.*
-en_IE.*
-en_NZ.*
-fr_BE.*
-fr_CA.*
-fr_CH.*
-*.ISO8859-15.msg
-en_US.ISO8859-1.msg
-en_US.US-ASCII.msg
-en_US.US_ASCII.msg
Index: head/contrib/bc/.travis.yml
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/.travis.yml (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/.travis.yml (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+dist: bionic
+
+language: c
+
+arch:
+ - amd64
+ - arm64
+ - ppc64le
+
+compiler:
+ - gcc
+
+env:
+ global:
+ - CODECOV_TOKEN="040ce7eb-5bc7-4040-8324-364f3ef4baa3"
+ - CFLAGS="-coverage -DBC_RAND_BUILTIN=0"
+ matrix:
+ - CONFIGURE_ARGS=-fHNPOg GEN_HOST=1 LONG_BIT=64
+ - CONFIGURE_ARGS=-bfHNPOg GEN_HOST=1 LONG_BIT=64
+ - CONFIGURE_ARGS=-dfHNPOg GEN_HOST=1 LONG_BIT=64
+ - CONFIGURE_ARGS=-fEHNPOg GEN_HOST=1 LONG_BIT=64
+ - CONFIGURE_ARGS=-bfEHNPOg GEN_HOST=1 LONG_BIT=64
+ - CONFIGURE_ARGS=-dfEHNPOg GEN_HOST=1 LONG_BIT=64
+ - CONFIGURE_ARGS=-fHNPOg GEN_HOST=1 LONG_BIT=32
+ - CONFIGURE_ARGS=-bfHNPOg GEN_HOST=1 LONG_BIT=32
+ - CONFIGURE_ARGS=-dfHNPOg GEN_HOST=1 LONG_BIT=32
+ - CONFIGURE_ARGS=-fEHNPOg GEN_HOST=1 LONG_BIT=32
+ - CONFIGURE_ARGS=-bfEHNPOg GEN_HOST=1 LONG_BIT=32
+ - CONFIGURE_ARGS=-dfEHNPOg GEN_HOST=1 LONG_BIT=32
+
+before_install:
+ - sudo apt-get install -y dc
+ - pip install --user codecov
+
+before_script:
+ - curl -o tests/bc/scripts/timeconst.bc https://raw.githubusercontent.com/torvalds/linux/master/kernel/time/timeconst.bc
+
+after_success:
+ - bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)
+
+script:
+ - if [ "${COVERITY_SCAN_BRANCH}" != 1 ]; then ./configure.sh "$CONFIGURE_ARGS" && make -j4 && make -j4 test ; fi
Index: head/contrib/bc/codecov.yml
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/codecov.yml (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/codecov.yml (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ignore:
+ - "src/history/history.c"
+ - "gen/strgen.c"
Index: head/contrib/bc/configure
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/configure (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/configure (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+link configure.sh
\ No newline at end of file
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/configure
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:special
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc/safe-install.sh
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc/safe-install.sh (nonexistent)
+++ head/contrib/bc/safe-install.sh (revision 362987)
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Written by Rich Felker, originally as part of musl libc.
+# Multi-licensed under MIT, 0BSD, and CC0.
+#
+# This is an actually-safe install command which installs the new
+# file atomically in the new location, rather than overwriting
+# existing files.
+#
+
+usage() {
+printf "usage: %s [-D] [-l] [-m mode] src dest\n" "$0" 1>&2
+exit 1
+}
+
+mkdirp=
+symlink=
+mode=755
+
+while getopts Dlm: name ; do
+case "$name" in
+D) mkdirp=yes ;;
+l) symlink=yes ;;
+m) mode=$OPTARG ;;
+?) usage ;;
+esac
+done
+shift $(($OPTIND - 1))
+
+test "$#" -eq 2 || usage
+src=$1
+dst=$2
+tmp="$dst.tmp.$$"
+
+case "$dst" in
+*/) printf "%s: %s ends in /\n", "$0" "$dst" 1>&2 ; exit 1 ;;
+esac
+
+set -C
+set -e
+
+if test "$mkdirp" ; then
+umask 022
+case "$2" in
+*/*) mkdir -p "${dst%/*}" ;;
+esac
+fi
+
+trap 'rm -f "$tmp"' EXIT INT QUIT TERM HUP
+
+umask 077
+
+if test "$symlink" ; then
+ln -s "$1" "$tmp"
+else
+cat < "$1" > "$tmp"
+chmod "$mode" "$tmp"
+fi
+
+mv -f "$tmp" "$2"
+test -d "$2" && {
+rm -f "$2/$tmp"
+printf "%s: %s is a directory\n" "$0" "$dst" 1>&2
+exit 1
+}
+
+exit 0
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc/safe-install.sh
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: head/contrib/bc
===================================================================
--- head/contrib/bc (revision 362986)
+++ head/contrib/bc (revision 362987)
Property changes on: head/contrib/bc
___________________________________________________________________
Modified: svn:ignore
## -1,27 +1,58 ##
-*.sh
-*.yml
-*.py
+*.config
+*.creator
+*.files
+*.includes
+*.creator.user*
+*.cflags
+*.cxxflags
+bin/*bc
+bin/*bc.exe
+bin/*dc
+bin/*dc.exe
+bc.old
+*.o
+*.a
+.log_*.txt
+.test.txt
+.math.txt
+.results.txt
+.ops.txt
+gen/strgen
+lib.c
+lib2.c
+lib3.c
+bc_help.c
+dc_help.c
+config.mak
+timeconst.bc
+Makefile
+
+.gdb_history
+
+# Ignore the generated test files
+parse.txt
+parse_results.txt
+print.txt
+print_results.txt
+bessel.txt
+bessel_results.txt
+prime.txt
+stream.txt
+tests/bc/scripts/add.txt
+tests/bc/scripts/divide.txt
+tests/bc/scripts/multiply.txt
+tests/bc/scripts/subtract.txt
+perf.data
+perf.data.old
+*.gcda
+*.gcno
+*.gcov
+*.html
+*.profraw
+
+cscope*.out
+tags
+
+header*.txt
.git
-.gitignore
-.svnignore
-*.utf8.msg
-Makefile
-tests
-de_AT.*
-de_CH.*
-en_AU.*
-en_CA.*
-en_GB.*
-en_IE.*
-en_NZ.*
-fr_BE.*
-fr_CA.*
-fr_CH.*
-*.ISO8859-15.msg
-en_US.ISO8859-1.msg
-*.US-ASCII.msg
-safe-install.sh
-*.utf8.msg
-TODO.md
-configure
-gen/strgen.c
+
Index: head/usr.bin/gh-bc/Makefile
===================================================================
--- head/usr.bin/gh-bc/Makefile (revision 362986)
+++ head/usr.bin/gh-bc/Makefile (revision 362987)
@@ -1,101 +1,113 @@
# $FreeBSD$
.include <src.opts.mk>
PROG= gh-bc
PROGNAME= bc
BCDIR= ${SRCTOP}/contrib/${PROGNAME}
BCVERSION!= sed -n -e '/.*VERSION *= *[0-9]/s/.*VERSION *= *//p' ${BCDIR}/Makefile.in
SRCS= args.c data.c file.c lang.c lex.c main.c num.c parse.c program.c read.c vector.c vm.c
SRCS+= bc/bc.c bc/lex.c bc/parse.c dc/dc.c dc/lex.c dc/parse.c history/history.c
SRCS+= bc_help.c dc_help.c lib.c lib2.c opt.c rand/rand.c
MAN= bc.1 dc.1
LINKS= ${BINDIR}/bc ${BINDIR}/dc
.PATH: ${BCDIR}/src ${BCDIR}/gen ${BCDIR}/manuals ${.OBJDIR}
CATALOGS= en_US.UTF-8
CATALOGS+= de_DE.UTF-8 de_DE.ISO8859-1
+CATALOGS+= es_ES.UTF-8 es_ES.ISO8859-1
CATALOGS+= fr_FR.UTF-8 fr_FR.ISO8859-1
CATALOGS+= ja_JP.UTF-8 ja_JP.eucJP
CATALOGS+= nl_NL.UTF-8 nl_NL.ISO8859-1
CATALOGS+= pl_PL.UTF-8 pl_PL.ISO8859-2
CATALOGS+= pt_PT.UTF-8 pt_PT.ISO8859-1
CATALOGS+= ru_RU.UTF-8 ru_RU.ISO8859-5 ru_RU.CP1251 ru_RU.CP866 ru_RU.KOI8-R
CATALOGS+= zh_CN.UTF-8 zh_CN.eucCN zh_CN.GB18030 zh_CN.GB2312 zh_CN.GBK
NLSNAME= bc
NLSSRCDIR= ${BCDIR}/locales
CFLAGS+= -DMAINEXEC=${PROGNAME}
CFLAGS+= -DNLSPATH=/usr/share/nls/%L/%N.cat
CFLAGS+= -DBC_ENABLED
CFLAGS+= -DBC_ENABLE_PROMPT
CFLAGS+= -DBC_ENABLE_LONG_OPTIONS
CFLAGS+= -DBC_ENABLE_EXTRA_MATH
CFLAGS+= -DBC_ENABLE_HISTORY
-CFLAGS+= -DBC_ENABLE_SIGNALS=0
-CFLAGS+= -DBC_NUM_KARATSUBA_LEN=64
+CFLAGS+= -DBC_ENABLE_RAND
CFLAGS+= -DDC_ENABLED
CFLAGS+= -DNDEBUG
CFLAGS+= -DVERSION=${BCVERSION}
CFLAGS+= -I${BCDIR}/include
.if ${MK_NLS_CATALOGS} == "no"
CFLAGS+= -DBC_ENABLE_NLS=0
+MAN_SRC_BC= bc/N.1
+MAN_SRC_DC= dc/N.1
.else
CFLAGS+= -DBC_ENABLE_NLS=1
+MAN_SRC_BC= bc/A.1
+MAN_SRC_DC= dc/A.1
# prevent floating point incompatibilities caused by -flto on some architectures
.if ${MACHINE_ARCH} != mips && ${MACHINE_ARCH} != mips64 && \
${MACHINE_ARCH} != powerpc64 && ${MACHINE_ARCH} != riscv64
CFLAGS+= -flto
.endif
.for catalog in ${CATALOGS}
NLS+= ${catalog:C/.*://}
NLSSRCFILES_${catalog:C/.*://}= ${catalog:C/.*://}.msg
.endfor
NLSLINKS_en_US.UTF-8+= en_AU.UTF-8 en_CA.UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8 en_IE.UTF-8 \
en_NZ.UTF-8 C
NLSLINKS_en_US.UTF-8+= en_AU.US-ASCII en_CA.US-ASCII en_GB.US-ASCII \
en_NZ.US-ASCII
NLSLINKS_en_US.UTF-8+= en_AU.ISO8859-1 en_CA.ISO8859-1 en_GB.ISO8859-1 \
en_NZ.ISO8859-1 en_US.ISO8859-1
NLSLINKS_en_US.UTF-8+= en_AU.ISO8859-15 en_CA.ISO8859-15 en_GB.ISO8859-15 \
en_NZ.ISO8859-15 en_US.ISO8859-15
NLSLINKS_de_DE.UTF-8+= de_AT.UTF-8 de_CH.UTF-8
NLSLINKS_de_DE.ISO8859-1+= de_AT.ISO8859-1 de_CH.ISO8859-1
NLSLINKS_de_DE.ISO8859-1+= de_AT.ISO8859-15 de_CH.ISO8859-15 de_DE.ISO8859-15
+NLSLINKS_es_ES.ISO8859-1+= es_ES.ISO8859-15
+
NLSLINKS_fr_FR.UTF-8+= fr_BE.UTF-8 fr_CA.UTF-8 fr_CH.UTF-8
NLSLINKS_fr_FR.ISO8859-1+= fr_BE.ISO8859-1 fr_CA.ISO8859-1 fr_CH.ISO8859-1
NLSLINKS_fr_FR.ISO8859-1+= fr_BE.ISO8859-15 fr_CA.ISO8859-15 fr_CH.ISO8859-15 \
fr_FR.ISO8859-15
NLSLINKS_nl_NL.ISO8859-1+= nl_BE.ISO8859-1
NLSLINKS_nl_NL.ISO8859-1+= nl_BE.ISO8859-15 nl_NL.ISO8859-15
NLSLINKS_pt_PT.UTF-8+= pt_BR.UTF-8
NLSLINKS_pt_PT.ISO8859-1+= pt_BR.ISO8859-1
NLSLINKS_pt_PT.ISO8859-1+= pt_PT.ISO8859-15
.endif
lib.c: lib.bc
cd ${BCDIR} && sh gen/strgen.sh gen/lib.bc ${.OBJDIR}/lib.c bc_lib bc.h bc_lib_name 1 1
lib2.c: lib2.bc
cd ${BCDIR} && sh gen/strgen.sh gen/lib2.bc ${.OBJDIR}/lib2.c bc_lib2 bc.h bc_lib2_name 1 1
bc_help.c: bc_help.txt
cd ${BCDIR} && sh gen/strgen.sh gen/bc_help.txt ${.OBJDIR}/bc_help.c bc_help bc.h
dc_help.c: dc_help.txt
cd ${BCDIR} && sh gen/strgen.sh gen/dc_help.txt ${.OBJDIR}/dc_help.c dc_help dc.h
+
+bc.1:
+ ${CP} ${BCDIR}/manuals/${MAN_SRC_BC} ${.OBJDIR}/bc.1
+
+dc.1:
+ ${CP} ${BCDIR}/manuals/${MAN_SRC_DC} ${.OBJDIR}/dc.1
.include <bsd.prog.mk>

File Metadata

Mime Type
application/octet-stream
Expires
Wed, May 8, 2:16 PM (1 d, 23 h)
Storage Engine
chunks
Storage Format
Chunks
Storage Handle
bZTcDoYyl.D2
Default Alt Text
(4 MB)

Event Timeline