Index: stable/12/share/man/man5/passwd.5
===================================================================
--- stable/12/share/man/man5/passwd.5	(revision 355006)
+++ stable/12/share/man/man5/passwd.5	(revision 355007)
@@ -1,461 +1,461 @@
 .\"	$NetBSD: passwd.5,v 1.12.2.2 1999/12/17 23:14:50 he Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1991, 1993
 .\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 .\" Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Jason Downs.  All rights reserved.
 .\"
 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 .\" are met:
 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 .\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 .\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 .\"    without specific prior written permission.
 .\"
 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
 .\"
 .\"     From: @(#)passwd.5	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
 .\" $FreeBSD$
 .\"
 .Dd May 29, 2014
 .Dt PASSWD 5
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
 .Nm passwd ,
 .Nm master.passwd
 .Nd format of the password file
 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 The
 .Nm
 files are the local source of password information.
 They can be used in conjunction with the Hesiod domains
 .Sq Li passwd
 and
 .Sq Li uid ,
 and the
 .Tn NIS
 maps
 .Sq Li passwd.byname ,
 .Sq Li passwd.byuid ,
 .Sq Li master.passwd.byname ,
 and
 .Sq Li master.passwd.byuid ,
 as controlled by
 .Xr nsswitch.conf 5 .
 .Pp
 For consistency, none of these files should ever be modified
 manually.
 .Pp
 The
 .Nm master.passwd
 file is readable only by root, and consists of newline separated
 records, one per user, containing ten colon
 .Pq Ql \&:
 separated
 fields.
 These fields are as follows:
 .Bl -tag -width ".Ar password" -offset indent
 .It Ar name
 User's login name.
 .It Ar password
 User's
 .Em encrypted
 password.
 .It Ar uid
 User's id.
 .It Ar gid
 User's login group id.
 .It Ar class
 User's login class.
 .It Ar change
 Password change time.
 .It Ar expire
 Account expiration time.
 .It Ar gecos
 General information about the user.
 .It Ar home_dir
 User's home directory.
 .It Ar shell
 User's login shell.
 .El
 .Pp
 The
 .Nm
 file is generated from the
 .Nm master.passwd
 file by
 .Xr pwd_mkdb 8 ,
 has the
 .Ar class ,
 .Ar change ,
 and
 .Ar expire
 fields removed, and the
 .Ar password
 field replaced by a
 .Ql *
 character.
 .Pp
 The
 .Ar name
 field is the login used to access the computer account, and the
 .Ar uid
 field is the number associated with it.
 They should both be unique
 across the system (and often across a group of systems) since they
 control file access.
 .Pp
 While it is possible to have multiple entries with identical login names
 and/or identical user id's, it is usually a mistake to do so.
 Routines
 that manipulate these files will often return only one of the multiple
 entries, and that one by random selection.
 .Pp
 The login name must not begin with a hyphen
 .Pq Ql \&- ,
 and cannot contain 8-bit characters, tabs or spaces, or any of these
 symbols:
 .Ql \&,:+&#%^\&(\&)!@~*?<>=|\e\\&/" .
 The dollar symbol
 .Pq Ql \&$
 is allowed only as the last character for use with Samba.
 No field may contain a
 colon
 .Pq Ql \&:
 as this has been used historically to separate the fields
 in the user database.
 .Pp
 Case is significant.
 Login names
 .Ql Lrrr
 and
 .Ql lrrr
 represent different users.
 Be aware of this when interoperating with systems that do not have
 case-sensitive login names.
 .Pp
 In the
 .Nm master.passwd
 file,
 the
 .Ar password
 field is the
 .Em encrypted
 form of the password, see
 .Xr crypt 3 .
 If the
 .Ar password
 field is empty, no password will be required to gain access to the
 machine.
 This is almost invariably a mistake, so authentication components
 such as PAM can forcibly disallow remote access to passwordless accounts.
 Because this file contains the encrypted user passwords, it should
 not be readable by anyone without appropriate privileges.
 .Pp
 A password of
 .Ql *
 indicates that
 password authentication is disabled for that account
 (logins through other forms of
 authentication, e.g., using
 .Xr ssh 1
 keys, will still work).
 The field only contains encrypted passwords, and
 .Ql *
 can never be the result of encrypting a password.
 .Pp
 An encrypted password prefixed by
 .Ql *LOCKED*
 means that the account is temporarily locked out
 and no one can log into it using any authentication.
 For a convenient command-line interface to account locking, see
 .Xr pw 8 .
 .Pp
 The
 .Ar group
 field is the group that the user will be placed in upon login.
 Since this system supports multiple groups (see
 .Xr groups 1 )
 this field currently has little special meaning.
 .Pp
 The
 .Ar class
 field is a key for a user's login class.
 Login classes
 are defined in
 .Xr login.conf 5 ,
 which is a
 .Xr termcap 5
 style database of user attributes, accounting, resource,
 and environment settings.
 .Pp
 The
 .Ar change
 field is the number of seconds from the epoch,
 .Dv UTC ,
 until the
 password for the account must be changed.
 This field may be left empty to turn off the password aging feature;
 a value of zero is equivalent to leaving the field empty.
 .Pp
 The
 .Ar expire
 field is the number of seconds from the epoch,
 .Dv UTC ,
 until the
 account expires.
 This field may be left empty to turn off the account aging feature;
 a value of zero is equivalent to leaving the field empty.
 .Pp
 The
 .Ar gecos
 field normally contains comma
 .Pq Ql \&,
 separated subfields as follows:
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width ".Ar office" -offset indent -compact
 .It Ar name
 user's full name
 .It Ar office
 user's office number
 .It Ar wphone
 user's work phone number
 .It Ar hphone
 user's home phone number
 .El
 .Pp
 The full
 .Ar name
 may contain an ampersand
 .Pq Ql &
 which will be replaced by
 the capitalized login
 .Ar name
 when the
 .Ar gecos
 field is displayed or used
 by various programs such as
 .Xr finger 1 ,
 .Xr sendmail 8 ,
 etc.
 .Pp
 The
 .Ar office
 and phone number subfields are used by the
 .Xr finger 1
 program, and possibly other applications.
 .Pp
 The user's home directory,
 .Ar home_dir ,
 is the full
 .Ux
 path name where the user
 will be placed on login.
 .Pp
 The
 .Ar shell
 field is the command interpreter the user prefers.
 If there is nothing in the
 .Ar shell
 field, the Bourne shell
 .Pq Pa /bin/sh
 is assumed.
 The conventional way to disable logging into an account once and for all,
 as it is done for system accounts,
 is to set its
 .Ar shell
 to
 .Pa /sbin/nologin
 .Pq see Xr nologin 8 .
 .Sh HESIOD SUPPORT
 If
 .Sq Li dns
 is specified for the
 .Sq Li passwd
 database in
 .Xr nsswitch.conf 5 ,
 then
 .Nm
 lookups occur from the
 .Sq Li passwd
 Hesiod domain.
 .Sh NIS SUPPORT
 If
 .Sq Li nis
 is specified for the
 .Sq Li passwd
 database in
 .Xr nsswitch.conf 5 ,
 then
 .Nm
 lookups occur from the
 .Sq Li passwd.byname ,
 .Sq Li passwd.byuid ,
 .Sq Li master.passwd.byname ,
 and
 .Sq Li master.passwd.byuid
 .Tn NIS
 maps.
 .Sh COMPAT SUPPORT
 If
 .Sq Li compat
 is specified for the
 .Sq Li passwd
 database, and either
 .Sq Li dns
 or
 .Sq Li nis
 is specified for the
 .Sq Li passwd_compat
 database in
 .Xr nsswitch.conf 5 ,
 then the
 .Nm
 file also supports standard
 .Sq Li + Ns / Ns Li -
 exclusions and inclusions, based on user names and netgroups.
 .Pp
 Lines beginning with a
 .Ql -
 (minus sign) are entries marked as being excluded
 from any following inclusions, which are marked with a
 .Ql +
 (plus sign).
 .Pp
 If the second character of the line is a
 .Ql @
 (at sign), the operation
 involves the user fields of all entries in the netgroup specified by the
 remaining characters of the
 .Ar name
 field.
 Otherwise, the remainder of the
 .Ar name
 field is assumed to be a specific user name.
 .Pp
 The
 .Ql +
 token may also be alone in the
 .Ar name
 field, which causes all users from either the Hesiod domain
 .Nm
 (with
 .Sq Li passwd_compat: dns )
 or
 .Sq Li passwd.byname
 and
 .Sq Li passwd.byuid
 .Tn NIS
 maps (with
 .Sq Li passwd_compat: nis )
 to be included.
 .Pp
 If the entry contains non-empty
 .Ar uid
 or
 .Ar gid
 fields, the specified numbers will override the information retrieved
 from the Hesiod domain or the
 .Tn NIS
 maps.
 Likewise, if the
 .Ar gecos ,
 .Ar dir
 or
 .Ar shell
 entries contain text, it will override the information included via
 Hesiod or
 .Tn NIS .
 On some systems, the
 .Ar passwd
 field may also be overridden.
 .Sh FILES
 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/master.passwd" -compact
 .It Pa /etc/passwd
 .Tn ASCII
 password file, with passwords removed
 .It Pa /etc/pwd.db
 .Xr db 3 Ns -format
 password database, with passwords removed
 .It Pa /etc/master.passwd
 .Tn ASCII
 password file, with passwords intact
 .It Pa /etc/spwd.db
 .Xr db 3 Ns -format
 password database, with passwords intact
 .El
 .Sh COMPATIBILITY
 The password file format has changed since
 .Bx 4.3 .
 The following awk script can be used to convert your old-style password
 file into a new style password file.
 The additional fields
 .Ar class ,
 .Ar change
 and
 .Ar expire
 are added, but are turned off by default
 .Pq setting these fields to zero is equivalent to leaving them blank .
 Class is currently not implemented, but change and expire are; to set them,
 use the current day in seconds from the epoch + whatever number of seconds
 of offset you want.
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 BEGIN { FS = ":"}
 { print $1 ":" $2 ":" $3 ":" $4 "::0:0:" $5 ":" $6 ":" $7 }
 .Ed
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr chpass 1 ,
 .Xr login 1 ,
 .Xr passwd 1 ,
 .Xr crypt 3 ,
 .Xr getpwent 3 ,
 .Xr login.conf 5 ,
 .Xr netgroup 5 ,
 .Xr nsswitch.conf 5 ,
 .Xr adduser 8 ,
 .Xr nologin 8 ,
 .Xr pw 8 ,
 .Xr pwd_mkdb 8 ,
 .Xr vipw 8 ,
 .Xr yp 8
 .Pp
 .%T "Managing NFS and NIS"
 (O'Reilly & Associates)
 .Sh HISTORY
 A
 .Nm
-file format appeared in
-.At v6 .
+file format first appeared in
+.At v1 .
 .Pp
 The
 .Tn NIS
 .Nm
 file format first appeared in SunOS.
 .Pp
 The Hesiod support first appeared in
 .Fx 4.1 .
 It was imported from the
 .Nx
 Project, where it first appeared in
 .Nx 1.4 .
 .Sh BUGS
 User information should (and eventually will) be stored elsewhere.
 .Pp
 Placing
 .Sq Li compat
 exclusions in the file after any inclusions will have
 unexpected results.
Index: stable/12
===================================================================
--- stable/12	(revision 355006)
+++ stable/12	(revision 355007)

Property changes on: stable/12
___________________________________________________________________
Modified: svn:mergeinfo
## -0,0 +0,1 ##
   Merged /head:r351820