Index: stable/12/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/cmd/zpool/zpool.8 =================================================================== --- stable/12/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/cmd/zpool/zpool.8 (revision 348731) +++ stable/12/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/cmd/zpool/zpool.8 (revision 348732) @@ -1,2270 +1,2276 @@ '\" te .\" Copyright (c) 2012, Martin Matuska . .\" Copyright (c) 2013-2014, Xin Li . .\" All Rights Reserved. .\" .\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the .\" Common Development and Distribution License (the "License"). .\" You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. .\" .\" You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE .\" or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing. .\" See the License for the specific language governing permissions .\" and limitations under the License. .\" .\" When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each .\" file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE. .\" If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the .\" fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying .\" information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] .\" .\" Copyright (c) 2010, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. .\" Copyright (c) 2011, Justin T. Gibbs .\" Copyright (c) 2012, Glen Barber .\" Copyright (c) 2012, 2017 by Delphix. All Rights Reserved. .\" Copyright 2017 Nexenta Systems, Inc. .\" Copyright (c) 2017 Datto Inc. .\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" -.Dd April 27, 2018 +.Dd February 20, 2019 .Dt ZPOOL 8 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm zpool .Nd configures ZFS storage pools .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl \&? .Nm .Cm add .Op Fl fn .Ar pool vdev ... .Nm .Cm attach .Op Fl f .Ar pool device new_device .Nm .Cm checkpoint .Op Fl d, -discard .Ar pool .Nm .Cm clear .Op Fl F Op Fl n .Ar pool .Op Ar device .Nm .Cm create .Op Fl fnd .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Op Fl O Ar file-system-property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Op Fl m Ar mountpoint .Op Fl R Ar root .Op Fl t Ar tempname .Ar pool vdev ... .Nm .Cm destroy .Op Fl f .Ar pool .Nm .Cm detach .Ar pool device .Nm .Cm export .Op Fl f .Ar pool ... .Nm .Cm get .Op Fl Hp .Op Fl o Ar field Ns Op , Ns Ar ... .Ar all | property Ns Op , Ns Ar ... .Ar pool ... .Nm .Cm history .Op Fl il .Op Ar pool .Ar ... .Nm .Cm import .Op Fl d Ar dir | Fl c Ar cachefile .Op Fl D .Nm .Cm import .Op Fl o Ar mntopts .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Op Fl -rewind-to-checkpoint .Op Fl d Ar dir | Fl c Ar cachefile .Op Fl D .Op Fl f .Op Fl m .Op Fl N .Op Fl R Ar root .Op Fl F Op Fl n .Fl a .Nm .Cm import .Op Fl o Ar mntopts .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Op Fl -rewind-to-checkpoint .Op Fl d Ar dir | Fl c Ar cachefile .Op Fl D .Op Fl f .Op Fl m .Op Fl N .Op Fl R Ar root .Op Fl t .Op Fl F Op Fl n .Ar pool | id .Op Ar newpool .Nm .Cm initialize .Op Fl cs .Ar pool .Op Ar device Ns ... .Nm .Cm iostat .Op Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u .Op Fl v .Op Ar pool .Ar ... .Nm .Cm labelclear .Op Fl f .Ar device .Nm .Cm list .Op Fl Hpv .Op Fl o Ar property Ns Op , Ns Ar ... .Op Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u .Op Ar pool .Ar ... .Op Ar inverval Op Ar count .Nm .Cm offline .Op Fl t .Ar pool device ... .Nm .Cm online .Op Fl e .Ar pool device ... .Nm .Cm reguid .Ar pool .Nm .Cm remove .Op Fl np .Ar pool device ... .Nm .Cm remove .Fl s .Ar pool .Nm .Cm reopen .Ar pool .Nm .Cm replace .Op Fl f .Ar pool device .Op Ar new_device .Nm .Cm scrub .Op Fl s | Fl p .Ar pool ... .Nm .Cm set .Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value pool .Nm .Cm split .Op Fl n .Op Fl R Ar altroot .Op Fl o Ar mntopts .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar pool newpool .Op Ar device ... .Nm .Cm status -.Op Fl vx +.Op Fl Dvx .Op Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u .Op Ar pool .Ar ... .Op Ar interval Op Ar count .Nm .Cm upgrade .Op Fl v .Nm .Cm upgrade .Op Fl V Ar version .Fl a | Ar pool ... .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm command configures .Tn ZFS storage pools. A storage pool is a collection of devices that provides physical storage and data replication for .Tn ZFS datasets. .Pp All datasets within a storage pool share the same space. See .Xr zfs 8 for information on managing datasets. .Ss Virtual Devices (vdevs) A .Qq virtual device .Pq No vdev describes a single device or a collection of devices organized according to certain performance and fault characteristics. The following virtual devices are supported: .Bl -tag -width "XXXXXX" .It Sy disk A block device, typically located under .Pa /dev . .Tn ZFS can use individual slices or partitions, though the recommended mode of operation is to use whole disks. A disk can be specified by a full path to the device or the .Xr geom 4 provider name. When given a whole disk, .Tn ZFS automatically labels the disk, if necessary. .It Sy file A regular file. The use of files as a backing store is strongly discouraged. It is designed primarily for experimental purposes, as the fault tolerance of a file is only as good the file system of which it is a part. A file must be specified by a full path. .It Sy mirror A mirror of two or more devices. Data is replicated in an identical fashion across all components of a mirror. A mirror with .Em N disks of size .Em X can hold .Em X bytes and can withstand .Pq Em N-1 devices failing before data integrity is compromised. .It Sy raidz (or .Sy raidz1 raidz2 raidz3 ) . A variation on .Sy RAID-5 that allows for better distribution of parity and eliminates the .Qq Sy RAID-5 write hole (in which data and parity become inconsistent after a power loss). Data and parity is striped across all disks within a .No raidz group. .Pp A .No raidz group can have single-, double- , or triple parity, meaning that the .No raidz group can sustain one, two, or three failures, respectively, without losing any data. The .Sy raidz1 No vdev type specifies a single-parity .No raidz group; the .Sy raidz2 No vdev type specifies a double-parity .No raidz group; and the .Sy raidz3 No vdev type specifies a triple-parity .No raidz group. The .Sy raidz No vdev type is an alias for .Sy raidz1 . .Pp A .No raidz group with .Em N disks of size .Em X with .Em P parity disks can hold approximately .Sm off .Pq Em N-P *X .Sm on bytes and can withstand .Em P device(s) failing before data integrity is compromised. The minimum number of devices in a .No raidz group is one more than the number of parity disks. The recommended number is between 3 and 9 to help increase performance. .It Sy spare A special .No pseudo- Ns No vdev which keeps track of available hot spares for a pool. For more information, see the .Qq Sx Hot Spares section. .It Sy log A separate-intent log device. If more than one log device is specified, then writes are load-balanced between devices. Log devices can be mirrored. However, .No raidz .No vdev types are not supported for the intent log. For more information, see the .Qq Sx Intent Log section. .It Sy cache A device used to cache storage pool data. A cache device cannot be configured as a mirror or .No raidz group. For more information, see the .Qq Sx Cache Devices section. .El .Pp Virtual devices cannot be nested, so a mirror or .No raidz virtual device can only contain files or disks. Mirrors of mirrors (or other combinations) are not allowed. .Pp A pool can have any number of virtual devices at the top of the configuration (known as .Qq root .No vdev Ns s). Data is dynamically distributed across all top-level devices to balance data among devices. As new virtual devices are added, .Tn ZFS automatically places data on the newly available devices. .Pp Virtual devices are specified one at a time on the command line, separated by whitespace. The keywords .Qq mirror and .Qq raidz are used to distinguish where a group ends and another begins. For example, the following creates two root .No vdev Ns s, each a mirror of two disks: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create mypool mirror da0 da1 mirror da2 da3 .Ed .Ss Device Failure and Recovery .Tn ZFS supports a rich set of mechanisms for handling device failure and data corruption. All metadata and data is checksummed, and .Tn ZFS automatically repairs bad data from a good copy when corruption is detected. .Pp In order to take advantage of these features, a pool must make use of some form of redundancy, using either mirrored or .No raidz groups. While .Tn ZFS supports running in a non-redundant configuration, where each root .No vdev is simply a disk or file, this is strongly discouraged. A single case of bit corruption can render some or all of your data unavailable. .Pp A pool's health status is described by one of three states: online, degraded, or faulted. An online pool has all devices operating normally. A degraded pool is one in which one or more devices have failed, but the data is still available due to a redundant configuration. A faulted pool has corrupted metadata, or one or more faulted devices, and insufficient replicas to continue functioning. .Pp The health of the top-level .No vdev , such as mirror or .No raidz device, is potentially impacted by the state of its associated .No vdev Ns s, or component devices. A top-level .No vdev or component device is in one of the following states: .Bl -tag -width "DEGRADED" .It Sy DEGRADED One or more top-level .No vdev Ns s is in the degraded state because one or more component devices are offline. Sufficient replicas exist to continue functioning. .Pp One or more component devices is in the degraded or faulted state, but sufficient replicas exist to continue functioning. The underlying conditions are as follows: .Bl -bullet -offset 2n .It The number of checksum errors exceeds acceptable levels and the device is degraded as an indication that something may be wrong. .Tn ZFS continues to use the device as necessary. .It The number of .Tn I/O errors exceeds acceptable levels. The device could not be marked as faulted because there are insufficient replicas to continue functioning. .El .It Sy FAULTED One or more top-level .No vdev Ns s is in the faulted state because one or more component devices are offline. Insufficient replicas exist to continue functioning. .Pp One or more component devices is in the faulted state, and insufficient replicas exist to continue functioning. The underlying conditions are as follows: .Bl -bullet -offset 2n .It The device could be opened, but the contents did not match expected values. .It The number of .Tn I/O errors exceeds acceptable levels and the device is faulted to prevent further use of the device. .El .It Sy OFFLINE The device was explicitly taken offline by the .Qq Nm Cm offline command. .It Sy ONLINE The device is online and functioning. .It Sy REMOVED The device was physically removed while the system was running. Device removal detection is hardware-dependent and may not be supported on all platforms. .It Sy UNAVAIL The device could not be opened. If a pool is imported when a device was unavailable, then the device will be identified by a unique identifier instead of its path since the path was never correct in the first place. .El .Pp If a device is removed and later reattached to the system, .Tn ZFS attempts to put the device online automatically. Device attach detection is hardware-dependent and might not be supported on all platforms. .Ss Hot Spares .Tn ZFS allows devices to be associated with pools as .Qq hot spares . These devices are not actively used in the pool, but when an active device fails, it is automatically replaced by a hot spare. To create a pool with hot spares, specify a .Qq spare .No vdev with any number of devices. For example, .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create pool mirror da0 da1 spare da2 da3 .Ed .Pp Spares can be shared across multiple pools, and can be added with the .Qq Nm Cm add command and removed with the .Qq Nm Cm remove command. Once a spare replacement is initiated, a new "spare" .No vdev is created within the configuration that will remain there until the original device is replaced. At this point, the hot spare becomes available again if another device fails. .Pp If a pool has a shared spare that is currently being used, the pool can not be exported since other pools may use this shared spare, which may lead to potential data corruption. .Pp An in-progress spare replacement can be cancelled by detaching the hot spare. If the original faulted device is detached, then the hot spare assumes its place in the configuration, and is removed from the spare list of all active pools. .Pp Spares cannot replace log devices. .Pp This feature requires a userland helper. FreeBSD provides .Xr zfsd 8 for this purpose. It must be manually enabled by adding .Va zfsd_enable="YES" to .Pa /etc/rc.conf . .Ss Intent Log The .Tn ZFS Intent Log .Pq Tn ZIL satisfies .Tn POSIX requirements for synchronous transactions. For instance, databases often require their transactions to be on stable storage devices when returning from a system call. .Tn NFS and other applications can also use .Xr fsync 2 to ensure data stability. By default, the intent log is allocated from blocks within the main pool. However, it might be possible to get better performance using separate intent log devices such as .Tn NVRAM or a dedicated disk. For example: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create pool da0 da1 log da2 .Ed .Pp Multiple log devices can also be specified, and they can be mirrored. See the .Sx EXAMPLES section for an example of mirroring multiple log devices. .Pp Log devices can be added, replaced, attached, detached, imported and exported as part of the larger pool. Mirrored devices can be removed by specifying the top-level mirror vdev. .Ss Cache devices Devices can be added to a storage pool as "cache devices." These devices provide an additional layer of caching between main memory and disk. For read-heavy workloads, where the working set size is much larger than what can be cached in main memory, using cache devices allow much more of this working set to be served from low latency media. Using cache devices provides the greatest performance improvement for random read-workloads of mostly static content. .Pp To create a pool with cache devices, specify a "cache" .No vdev with any number of devices. For example: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create pool da0 da1 cache da2 da3 .Ed .Pp Cache devices cannot be mirrored or part of a .No raidz configuration. If a read error is encountered on a cache device, that read .Tn I/O is reissued to the original storage pool device, which might be part of a mirrored or .No raidz configuration. .Pp The content of the cache devices is considered volatile, as is the case with other system caches. .Ss Pool checkpoint Before starting critical procedures that include destructive actions (e.g .Nm zfs Cm destroy ), an administrator can checkpoint the pool's state and in the case of a mistake or failure, rewind the entire pool back to the checkpoint. Otherwise, the checkpoint can be discarded when the procedure has completed successfully. .Pp A pool checkpoint can be thought of as a pool-wide snapshot and should be used with care as it contains every part of the pool's state, from properties to vdev configuration. Thus, while a pool has a checkpoint certain operations are not allowed. Specifically, vdev removal/attach/detach, mirror splitting, and changing the pool's guid. Adding a new vdev is supported but in the case of a rewind it will have to be added again. Finally, users of this feature should keep in mind that scrubs in a pool that has a checkpoint do not repair checkpointed data. .Pp To create a checkpoint for a pool: .Bd -literal # zpool checkpoint pool .Ed .Pp To later rewind to its checkpointed state, you need to first export it and then rewind it during import: .Bd -literal # zpool export pool # zpool import --rewind-to-checkpoint pool .Ed .Pp To discard the checkpoint from a pool: .Bd -literal # zpool checkpoint -d pool .Ed .Pp Dataset reservations (controlled by the .Nm reservation or .Nm refreservation zfs properties) may be unenforceable while a checkpoint exists, because the checkpoint is allowed to consume the dataset's reservation. Finally, data that is part of the checkpoint but has been freed in the current state of the pool won't be scanned during a scrub. .Ss Properties Each pool has several properties associated with it. Some properties are read-only statistics while others are configurable and change the behavior of the pool. The following are read-only properties: .Bl -tag -width "dedupratio" .It Sy alloc Amount of storage space within the pool that has been physically allocated. .It Sy capacity Percentage of pool space used. This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, "cap". .It Sy comment A text string consisting of printable ASCII characters that will be stored such that it is available even if the pool becomes faulted. An administrator can provide additional information about a pool using this property. .It Sy dedupratio The deduplication ratio specified for a pool, expressed as a multiplier. For example, a .Sy dedupratio value of 1.76 indicates that 1.76 units of data were stored but only 1 unit of disk space was actually consumed. See .Xr zfs 8 for a description of the deduplication feature. .It Sy expandsize Amount of uninitialized space within the pool or device that can be used to increase the total capacity of the pool. Uninitialized space consists of any space on an EFI labeled vdev which has not been brought online .Pq i.e. zpool online -e . This space occurs when a LUN is dynamically expanded. .It Sy fragmentation The amount of fragmentation in the pool. .It Sy free Number of blocks within the pool that are not allocated. .It Sy freeing After a file system or snapshot is destroyed, the space it was using is returned to the pool asynchronously. .Sy freeing is the amount of space remaining to be reclaimed. Over time .Sy freeing will decrease while .Sy free increases. .It Sy guid A unique identifier for the pool. .It Sy health The current health of the pool. Health can be .Qq Sy ONLINE , .Qq Sy DEGRADED , .Qq Sy FAULTED , .Qq Sy OFFLINE , .Qq Sy REMOVED , or .Qq Sy UNAVAIL . .It Sy size Total size of the storage pool. .It Sy unsupported@ Ns Ar feature_guid Information about unsupported features that are enabled on the pool. See .Xr zpool-features 7 for details. .It Sy used Amount of storage space used within the pool. .El .Pp The space usage properties report actual physical space available to the storage pool. The physical space can be different from the total amount of space that any contained datasets can actually use. The amount of space used in a .No raidz configuration depends on the characteristics of the data being written. In addition, .Tn ZFS reserves some space for internal accounting that the .Xr zfs 8 command takes into account, but the .Xr zpool 8 command does not. For non-full pools of a reasonable size, these effects should be invisible. For small pools, or pools that are close to being completely full, these discrepancies may become more noticeable. .Pp The following property can be set at creation time and import time: .Bl -tag -width 2n .It Sy altroot Alternate root directory. If set, this directory is prepended to any mount points within the pool. This can be used when examining an unknown pool where the mount points cannot be trusted, or in an alternate boot environment, where the typical paths are not valid. .Sy altroot is not a persistent property. It is valid only while the system is up. Setting .Sy altroot defaults to using .Cm cachefile=none , though this may be overridden using an explicit setting. .El .Pp The following property can only be set at import time: .Bl -tag -width 2n .It Sy readonly Ns = Ns Cm on No | Cm off If set to .Cm on , pool will be imported in read-only mode with the following restrictions: .Bl -bullet -offset 2n .It Synchronous data in the intent log will not be accessible .It Properties of the pool can not be changed .It Datasets of this pool can only be mounted read-only .It To write to a read-only pool, a export and import of the pool is required. .El .Pp This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, .Sy rdonly . .El .Pp The following properties can be set at creation time and import time, and later changed with the .Ic zpool set command: .Bl -tag -width 2n .It Sy autoexpand Ns = Ns Cm on No | Cm off Controls automatic pool expansion when the underlying LUN is grown. If set to .Qq Cm on , the pool will be resized according to the size of the expanded device. If the device is part of a mirror or .No raidz then all devices within that .No mirror/ Ns No raidz group must be expanded before the new space is made available to the pool. The default behavior is .Qq off . This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, .Sy expand . .It Sy autoreplace Ns = Ns Cm on No | Cm off Controls automatic device replacement. If set to .Qq Cm off , device replacement must be initiated by the administrator by using the .Qq Nm Cm replace command. If set to .Qq Cm on , any new device, found in the same physical location as a device that previously belonged to the pool, is automatically formatted and replaced. The default behavior is .Qq Cm off . This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, "replace". .It Sy bootfs Ns = Ns Ar pool Ns / Ns Ar dataset Identifies the default bootable dataset for the root pool. This property is expected to be set mainly by the installation and upgrade programs. .It Sy cachefile Ns = Ns Ar path No | Cm none Controls the location of where the pool configuration is cached. Discovering all pools on system startup requires a cached copy of the configuration data that is stored on the root file system. All pools in this cache are automatically imported when the system boots. Some environments, such as install and clustering, need to cache this information in a different location so that pools are not automatically imported. Setting this property caches the pool configuration in a different location that can later be imported with .Qq Nm Cm import Fl c . Setting it to the special value .Qq Cm none creates a temporary pool that is never cached, and the special value .Cm '' (empty string) uses the default location. .It Sy comment Ns = Ns Ar text A text string consisting of printable ASCII characters that will be stored such that it is available even if the pool becomes faulted. An administrator can provide additional information about a pool using this property. .It Sy dedupditto Ns = Ns Ar number Threshold for the number of block ditto copies. If the reference count for a deduplicated block increases above this number, a new ditto copy of this block is automatically stored. Default setting is .Cm 0 which causes no ditto copies to be created for deduplicated blocks. The miniumum legal nonzero setting is 100. .It Sy delegation Ns = Ns Cm on No | Cm off Controls whether a non-privileged user is granted access based on the dataset permissions defined on the dataset. See .Xr zfs 8 for more information on .Tn ZFS delegated administration. .It Sy failmode Ns = Ns Cm wait No | Cm continue No | Cm panic Controls the system behavior in the event of catastrophic pool failure. This condition is typically a result of a loss of connectivity to the underlying storage device(s) or a failure of all devices within the pool. The behavior of such an event is determined as follows: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Sy wait Blocks all .Tn I/O access until the device connectivity is recovered and the errors are cleared. This is the default behavior. .It Sy continue Returns .Em EIO to any new write .Tn I/O requests but allows reads to any of the remaining healthy devices. Any write requests that have yet to be committed to disk would be blocked. .It Sy panic Prints out a message to the console and generates a system crash dump. .El .It Sy feature@ Ns Ar feature_name Ns = Ns Sy enabled The value of this property is the current state of .Ar feature_name . The only valid value when setting this property is .Sy enabled which moves .Ar feature_name to the enabled state. See .Xr zpool-features 7 for details on feature states. .It Sy listsnaps Ns = Ns Cm on No | Cm off Controls whether information about snapshots associated with this pool is output when .Qq Nm zfs Cm list is run without the .Fl t option. The default value is .Cm off . .It Sy version Ns = Ns Ar version The current on-disk version of the pool. This can be increased, but never decreased. The preferred method of updating pools is with the .Qq Nm Cm upgrade command, though this property can be used when a specific version is needed for backwards compatibility. Once feature flags is enabled on a pool this property will no longer have a value. .El .Sh SUBCOMMANDS All subcommands that modify state are logged persistently to the pool in their original form. .Pp The .Nm command provides subcommands to create and destroy storage pools, add capacity to storage pools, and provide information about the storage pools. The following subcommands are supported: .Bl -tag -width 2n .It Xo .Nm .Op Fl \&? .Xc .Pp Displays a help message. .It Xo .Nm .Cm add .Op Fl fn .Ar pool vdev ... .Xc .Pp Adds the specified virtual devices to the given pool. The .No vdev specification is described in the .Qq Sx Virtual Devices section. The behavior of the .Fl f option, and the device checks performed are described in the .Qq Nm Cm create subcommand. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl f Forces use of .Ar vdev , even if they appear in use or specify a conflicting replication level. Not all devices can be overridden in this manner. .It Fl n Displays the configuration that would be used without actually adding the .Ar vdev Ns s. The actual pool creation can still fail due to insufficient privileges or device sharing. .Pp Do not add a disk that is currently configured as a quorum device to a zpool. After a disk is in the pool, that disk can then be configured as a quorum device. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm attach .Op Fl f .Ar pool device new_device .Xc .Pp Attaches .Ar new_device to an existing .Sy zpool device. The existing device cannot be part of a .No raidz configuration. If .Ar device is not currently part of a mirrored configuration, .Ar device automatically transforms into a two-way mirror of .Ar device No and Ar new_device . If .Ar device is part of a two-way mirror, attaching .Ar new_device creates a three-way mirror, and so on. In either case, .Ar new_device begins to resilver immediately. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl f Forces use of .Ar new_device , even if its appears to be in use. Not all devices can be overridden in this manner. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm checkpoint .Op Fl d, -discard .Ar pool .Xc Checkpoints the current state of .Ar pool , which can be later restored by .Nm zpool Cm import --rewind-to-checkpoint . The existence of a checkpoint in a pool prohibits the following .Nm zpool commands: .Cm remove , .Cm attach , .Cm detach , .Cm split , and .Cm reguid . In addition, it may break reservation boundaries if the pool lacks free space. The .Nm zpool Cm status command indicates the existence of a checkpoint or the progress of discarding a checkpoint from a pool. The .Nm zpool Cm list command reports how much space the checkpoint takes from the pool. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl d, -discard Discards an existing checkpoint from .Ar pool . .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm clear .Op Fl F Op Fl n .Ar pool .Op Ar device .Xc .Pp Clears device errors in a pool. If no arguments are specified, all device errors within the pool are cleared. If one or more devices is specified, only those errors associated with the specified device or devices are cleared. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl F Initiates recovery mode for an unopenable pool. Attempts to discard the last few transactions in the pool to return it to an openable state. Not all damaged pools can be recovered by using this option. If successful, the data from the discarded transactions is irretrievably lost. .It Fl n Used in combination with the .Fl F flag. Check whether discarding transactions would make the pool openable, but do not actually discard any transactions. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm create .Op Fl fnd .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Op Fl O Ar file-system-property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Op Fl m Ar mountpoint .Op Fl R Ar root .Op Fl t Ar tempname .Ar pool vdev ... .Xc .Pp Creates a new storage pool containing the virtual devices specified on the command line. The pool name must begin with a letter, and can only contain alphanumeric characters as well as underscore ("_"), dash ("-"), and period ("."). The pool names "mirror", "raidz", "spare" and "log" are reserved, as are names beginning with the pattern "c[0-9]". The .No vdev specification is described in the .Qq Sx Virtual Devices section. .Pp The command verifies that each device specified is accessible and not currently in use by another subsystem. There are some uses, such as being currently mounted, or specified as the dedicated dump device, that prevents a device from ever being used by .Tn ZFS Other uses, such as having a preexisting .Sy UFS file system, can be overridden with the .Fl f option. .Pp The command also checks that the replication strategy for the pool is consistent. An attempt to combine redundant and non-redundant storage in a single pool, or to mix disks and files, results in an error unless .Fl f is specified. The use of differently sized devices within a single .No raidz or mirror group is also flagged as an error unless .Fl f is specified. .Pp Unless the .Fl R option is specified, the default mount point is .Qq Pa /pool . The mount point must not exist or must be empty, or else the root dataset cannot be mounted. This can be overridden with the .Fl m option. .Pp By default all supported features are enabled on the new pool unless the .Fl d option is specified. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl f Forces use of .Ar vdev Ns s, even if they appear in use or specify a conflicting replication level. Not all devices can be overridden in this manner. .It Fl n Displays the configuration that would be used without actually creating the pool. The actual pool creation can still fail due to insufficient privileges or device sharing. .It Fl d Do not enable any features on the new pool. Individual features can be enabled by setting their corresponding properties to .Sy enabled with the .Fl o option. See .Xr zpool-features 7 for details about feature properties. .It Xo .Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Xc Sets the given pool properties. See the .Qq Sx Properties section for a list of valid properties that can be set. .It Xo .Fl O .Ar file-system-property Ns = Ns Ar value .Op Fl O Ar file-system-property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Xc Sets the given file system properties in the root file system of the pool. See .Xr zfs 8 Properties for a list of valid properties that can be set. .It Fl R Ar root Equivalent to .Qq Fl o Cm cachefile=none,altroot= Ns Pa root .It Fl m Ar mountpoint Sets the mount point for the root dataset. The default mount point is .Qq Pa /pool or .Qq Cm altroot Ns Pa /pool if .Sy altroot is specified. The mount point must be an absolute path, .Qq Cm legacy , or .Qq Cm none . For more information on dataset mount points, see .Xr zfs 8 . .It Fl t Ar tempname Sets the in-core pool name to .Pa tempname while the on-disk name will be the name specified as the pool name .Pa pool . This will set the default .Sy cachefile property to .Sy none . This is intended to handle name space collisions when creating pools for other systems, such as virtual machines or physical machines whose pools live on network block devices. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm destroy .Op Fl f .Ar pool .Xc .Pp Destroys the given pool, freeing up any devices for other use. This command tries to unmount any active datasets before destroying the pool. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl f Forces any active datasets contained within the pool to be unmounted. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm detach .Ar pool device .Xc .Pp Detaches .Ar device from a mirror. The operation is refused if there are no other valid replicas of the data. .It Xo .Nm .Cm export .Op Fl f .Ar pool ... .Xc .Pp Exports the given pools from the system. All devices are marked as exported, but are still considered in use by other subsystems. The devices can be moved between systems (even those of different endianness) and imported as long as a sufficient number of devices are present. .Pp Before exporting the pool, all datasets within the pool are unmounted. A pool can not be exported if it has a shared spare that is currently being used. .Pp For pools to be portable, you must give the .Nm command whole disks, not just slices, so that .Tn ZFS can label the disks with portable .Sy EFI labels. Otherwise, disk drivers on platforms of different endianness will not recognize the disks. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl f Forcefully unmount all datasets, using the .Qq Nm unmount Fl f command. .Pp This command will forcefully export the pool even if it has a shared spare that is currently being used. This may lead to potential data corruption. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm get .Op Fl Hp .Op Fl o Ar field Ns Op , Ns Ar ... .Ar all | property Ns Op , Ns Ar ... .Ar pool ... .Xc .Pp Retrieves the given list of properties (or all properties if .Qq Cm all is used) for the specified storage pool(s). These properties are displayed with the following fields: .Bl -column -offset indent "property" .It name Ta Name of storage pool .It property Ta Property name .It value Ta Property value .It source Ta Property source, either 'default' or 'local'. .El .Pp See the .Qq Sx Properties section for more information on the available pool properties. .It Fl H Scripted mode. Do not display headers, and separate fields by a single tab instead of arbitrary space. .It Fl p Display numbers in parsable (exact) values. .It Fl o Ar field A comma-separated list of columns to display. .Sy name Ns , Ns .Sy property Ns , Ns .Sy value Ns , Ns .Sy source is the default value. .It Xo .Nm .Cm history .Op Fl il .Op Ar pool .Ar ... .Xc .Pp Displays the command history of the specified pools or all pools if no pool is specified. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl i Displays internally logged .Tn ZFS events in addition to user initiated events. .It Fl l Displays log records in long format, which in addition to standard format includes, the user name, the hostname, and the zone in which the operation was performed. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm import .Op Fl d Ar dir | Fl c Ar cachefile .Op Fl D .Xc .Pp Lists pools available to import. If the .Fl d option is not specified, this command searches for devices in .Qq Pa /dev . The .Fl d option can be specified multiple times, and all directories are searched. If the device appears to be part of an exported pool, this command displays a summary of the pool with the name of the pool, a numeric identifier, as well as the .No vdev layout and current health of the device for each device or file. Destroyed pools, pools that were previously destroyed with the .Qq Nm Cm destroy command, are not listed unless the .Fl D option is specified. .Pp The numeric identifier is unique, and can be used instead of the pool name when multiple exported pools of the same name are available. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl c Ar cachefile Reads configuration from the given .Ar cachefile that was created with the .Qq Sy cachefile pool property. This .Ar cachefile is used instead of searching for devices. .It Fl d Ar dir Searches for devices or files in .Ar dir . The .Fl d option can be specified multiple times. .It Fl D Lists destroyed pools only. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm import .Op Fl o Ar mntopts .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Op Fl d Ar dir | Fl c Ar cachefile .Op Fl D .Op Fl f .Op Fl m .Op Fl N .Op Fl R Ar root .Op Fl F Op Fl n .Fl a .Xc .Pp Imports all pools found in the search directories. Identical to the previous command, except that all pools with a sufficient number of devices available are imported. Destroyed pools, pools that were previously destroyed with the .Qq Nm Cm destroy command, will not be imported unless the .Fl D option is specified. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl o Ar mntopts Comma-separated list of mount options to use when mounting datasets within the pool. See .Xr zfs 8 for a description of dataset properties and mount options. .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Sets the specified property on the imported pool. See the .Qq Sx Properties section for more information on the available pool properties. .It Fl c Ar cachefile Reads configuration from the given .Ar cachefile that was created with the .Qq Sy cachefile pool property. This .Ar cachefile is used instead of searching for devices. .It Fl d Ar dir Searches for devices or files in .Ar dir . The .Fl d option can be specified multiple times. This option is incompatible with the .Fl c option. .It Fl D Imports destroyed pools only. The .Fl f option is also required. .It Fl f Forces import, even if the pool appears to be potentially active. .It Fl m Allows a pool to import when there is a missing log device. Recent transactions can be lost because the log device will be discarded. .It Fl N Import the pool without mounting any file systems. .It Fl R Ar root Sets the .Qq Sy cachefile property to .Qq Cm none and the .Qq Sy altroot property to .Qq Ar root .It Fl F Recovery mode for a non-importable pool. Attempt to return the pool to an importable state by discarding the last few transactions. Not all damaged pools can be recovered by using this option. If successful, the data from the discarded transactions is irretrievably lost. This option is ignored if the pool is importable or already imported. .It Fl n Used with the .Fl F recovery option. Determines whether a non-importable pool can be made importable again, but does not actually perform the pool recovery. For more details about pool recovery mode, see the .Fl F option, above. .It Fl a Searches for and imports all pools found. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm import .Op Fl o Ar mntopts .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Op Fl d Ar dir | Fl c Ar cachefile .Op Fl D .Op Fl f .Op Fl m .Op Fl N .Op Fl R Ar root .Op Fl t .Op Fl F Op Fl n .Ar pool | id .Op Ar newpool .Xc .Pp Imports a specific pool. A pool can be identified by its name or the numeric identifier. If .Ar newpool is specified, the pool is imported using the name .Ar newpool . Otherwise, it is imported with the same name as its exported name. .Pp If a device is removed from a system without running .Qq Nm Cm export first, the device appears as potentially active. It cannot be determined if this was a failed export, or whether the device is really in use from another host. To import a pool in this state, the .Fl f option is required. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl o Ar mntopts Comma-separated list of mount options to use when mounting datasets within the pool. See .Xr zfs 8 for a description of dataset properties and mount options. .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Sets the specified property on the imported pool. See the .Qq Sx Properties section for more information on the available pool properties. .It Fl c Ar cachefile Reads configuration from the given .Ar cachefile that was created with the .Qq Sy cachefile pool property. This .Ar cachefile is used instead of searching for devices. .It Fl d Ar dir Searches for devices or files in .Ar dir . The .Fl d option can be specified multiple times. This option is incompatible with the .Fl c option. .It Fl D Imports destroyed pools only. The .Fl f option is also required. .It Fl f Forces import, even if the pool appears to be potentially active. .It Fl m Allows a pool to import when there is a missing log device. Recent transactions can be lost because the log device will be discarded. .It Fl N Import the pool without mounting any file systems. .It Fl R Ar root Equivalent to .Qq Fl o Cm cachefile=none,altroot= Ns Pa root .It Fl t Used with .Ar newpool . Specifies that .Ar newpool is temporary. Temporary pool names last until export. Ensures that the original pool name will be used in all label updates and therefore is retained upon export. Will also set .Sy cachefile property to .Sy none when not explicitly specified. .It Fl F Recovery mode for a non-importable pool. Attempt to return the pool to an importable state by discarding the last few transactions. Not all damaged pools can be recovered by using this option. If successful, the data from the discarded transactions is irretrievably lost. This option is ignored if the pool is importable or already imported. .It Fl n Used with the .Fl F recovery option. Determines whether a non-importable pool can be made importable again, but does not actually perform the pool recovery. For more details about pool recovery mode, see the .Fl F option, above. .It Fl -rewind-to-checkpoint Rewinds pool to the checkpointed state. Once the pool is imported with this flag there is no way to undo the rewind. All changes and data that were written after the checkpoint are lost! The only exception is when the .Sy readonly mounting option is enabled. In this case, the checkpointed state of the pool is opened and an administrator can see how the pool would look like if they were to fully rewind. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm initialize .Op Fl cs .Ar pool .Op Ar device Ns ... .Xc Begins initializing by writing to all unallocated regions on the specified devices, or all eligible devices in the pool if no individual devices are specified. Only leaf data or log devices may be initialized. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl c, -cancel Cancel initializing on the specified devices, or all eligible devices if none are specified. If one or more target devices are invalid or are not currently being initialized, the command will fail and no cancellation will occur on any device. .It Fl s -suspend Suspend initializing on the specified devices, or all eligible devices if none are specified. If one or more target devices are invalid or are not currently being initialized, the command will fail and no suspension will occur on any device. Initializing can then be resumed by running .Nm zpool Cm initialize with no flags on the relevant target devices. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm iostat .Op Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u .Op Fl v .Op Ar pool .Ar ... .Op Ar interval Op Ar count .Xc .Pp Displays .Tn I/O statistics for the given pools. When given an interval, the statistics are printed every .Ar interval seconds until .Sy Ctrl-C is pressed. If no .Ar pools are specified, statistics for every pool in the system is shown. If .Ar count is specified, the command exits after .Ar count reports are printed. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u Print a timestamp. .Pp Use modifier .Cm d for standard date format. See .Xr date 1 . Use modifier .Cm u for unixtime .Pq equals Qq Ic date +%s . .It Fl v Verbose statistics. Reports usage statistics for individual .No vdev Ns s within the pool, in addition to the pool-wide statistics. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm labelclear .Op Fl f .Ar device .Xc .Pp Removes .Tn ZFS label information from the specified .Ar device . The .Ar device must not be part of an active pool configuration. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl f Treat exported or foreign devices as inactive. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm list .Op Fl Hpv .Op Fl o Ar property Ns Op , Ns Ar ... .Op Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u .Op Ar pool .Ar ... .Op Ar inverval Op Ar count .Xc .Pp Lists the given pools along with a health status and space usage. If no .Ar pools are specified, all pools in the system are listed. .Pp When given an interval, the output is printed every .Ar interval seconds until .Sy Ctrl-C is pressed. If .Ar count is specified, the command exits after .Ar count reports are printed. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u Print a timestamp. .Pp Use modifier .Cm d for standard date format. See .Xr date 1 . Use modifier .Cm u for unixtime .Pq equals Qq Ic date +%s . .It Fl H Scripted mode. Do not display headers, and separate fields by a single tab instead of arbitrary space. .It Fl p Display numbers in parsable (exact) values. .It Fl v Verbose statistics. Reports usage statistics for individual .Em vdevs within the pool, in addition to the pool-wide statistics. .It Fl o Ar property Ns Op , Ns Ar ... Comma-separated list of properties to display. See the .Qq Sx Properties section for a list of valid properties. The default list is .Sy name , .Sy size , .Sy used , .Sy available , .Sy checkpoint , .Sy expandsize , .Sy fragmentation , .Sy capacity , .Sy dedupratio , .Sy health , .Sy altroot . .It Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u Print a timestamp. .Pp Use modifier .Cm d for standard date format. See .Xr date 1 . Use modifier .Cm u for unixtime .Pq equals Qq Ic date +%s . .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm offline .Op Fl t .Ar pool device ... .Xc .Pp Takes the specified physical device offline. While the .Ar device is offline, no attempt is made to read or write to the device. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl t Temporary. Upon reboot, the specified physical device reverts to its previous state. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm online .Op Fl e .Ar pool device ... .Xc .Pp Brings the specified physical device online. .Pp This command is not applicable to spares or cache devices. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl e Expand the device to use all available space. If the device is part of a mirror or .No raidz then all devices must be expanded before the new space will become available to the pool. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm reguid .Ar pool .Xc .Pp Generates a new unique identifier for the pool. You must ensure that all devices in this pool are online and healthy before performing this action. .It Xo .Nm .Cm remove .Op Fl np .Ar pool device ... .Xc .Pp Removes the specified device from the pool. This command currently only supports removing hot spares, cache, log devices and mirrored top-level vdevs (mirror of leaf devices); but not raidz. .sp Removing a top-level vdev reduces the total amount of space in the storage pool. The specified device will be evacuated by copying all allocated space from it to the other devices in the pool. In this case, the .Nm zpool Cm remove command initiates the removal and returns, while the evacuation continues in the background. The removal progress can be monitored with .Nm zpool Cm status. This feature must be enabled to be used, see .Xr zpool-features 5 .Pp A mirrored top-level device (log or data) can be removed by specifying the top-level mirror for the same. Non-log devices or data devices that are part of a mirrored configuration can be removed using the .Qq Nm Cm detach command. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl n Do not actually perform the removal ("no-op"). Instead, print the estimated amount of memory that will be used by the mapping table after the removal completes. This is nonzero only for top-level vdevs. .El .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl p Used in conjunction with the .Fl n flag, displays numbers as parsable (exact) values. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm remove .Fl s .Ar pool .Xc .Pp Stops and cancels an in-progress removal of a top-level vdev. .It Xo .Nm .Cm reopen .Ar pool .Xc .Pp Reopen all the vdevs associated with the pool. .It Xo .Nm .Cm replace .Op Fl f .Ar pool device .Op Ar new_device .Xc .Pp Replaces .Ar old_device with .Ar new_device . This is equivalent to attaching .Ar new_device , waiting for it to resilver, and then detaching .Ar old_device . .Pp The size of .Ar new_device must be greater than or equal to the minimum size of all the devices in a mirror or .No raidz configuration. .Pp .Ar new_device is required if the pool is not redundant. If .Ar new_device is not specified, it defaults to .Ar old_device . This form of replacement is useful after an existing disk has failed and has been physically replaced. In this case, the new disk may have the same .Pa /dev path as the old device, even though it is actually a different disk. .Tn ZFS recognizes this. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl f Forces use of .Ar new_device , even if its appears to be in use. Not all devices can be overridden in this manner. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm scrub .Op Fl s | Fl p .Ar pool ... .Xc .Pp Begins a scrub or resumes a paused scrub. The scrub examines all data in the specified pools to verify that it checksums correctly. For replicated .Pq mirror or raidz devices, ZFS automatically repairs any damage discovered during the scrub. The .Nm zpool Cm status command reports the progress of the scrub and summarizes the results of the scrub upon completion. .Pp Scrubbing and resilvering are very similar operations. The difference is that resilvering only examines data that ZFS knows to be out of date .Po for example, when attaching a new device to a mirror or replacing an existing device .Pc , whereas scrubbing examines all data to discover silent errors due to hardware faults or disk failure. .Pp Because scrubbing and resilvering are I/O-intensive operations, ZFS only allows one at a time. If a scrub is paused, the .Nm zpool Cm scrub resumes it. If a resilver is in progress, ZFS does not allow a scrub to be started until the resilver completes. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl s Stop scrubbing. .El .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl p Pause scrubbing. Scrub pause state and progress are periodically synced to disk. If the system is restarted or pool is exported during a paused scrub, even after import, scrub will remain paused until it is resumed. Once resumed the scrub will pick up from the place where it was last checkpointed to disk. To resume a paused scrub issue .Nm zpool Cm scrub again. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm set .Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value pool .Xc .Pp Sets the given property on the specified pool. See the .Qq Sx Properties section for more information on what properties can be set and acceptable values. .It Xo .Nm .Cm split .Op Fl n .Op Fl R Ar altroot .Op Fl o Ar mntopts .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar pool newpool .Op Ar device ... .Xc .Pp Splits off one disk from each mirrored top-level .No vdev in a pool and creates a new pool from the split-off disks. The original pool must be made up of one or more mirrors and must not be in the process of resilvering. The .Cm split subcommand chooses the last device in each mirror .No vdev unless overridden by a device specification on the command line. .Pp When using a .Ar device argument, .Cm split includes the specified device(s) in a new pool and, should any devices remain unspecified, assigns the last device in each mirror .No vdev to that pool, as it does normally. If you are uncertain about the outcome of a .Cm split command, use the .Fl n ("dry-run") option to ensure your command will have the effect you intend. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl R Ar altroot Automatically import the newly created pool after splitting, using the specified .Ar altroot parameter for the new pool's alternate root. See the .Sy altroot description in the .Qq Sx Properties section, above. .It Fl n Displays the configuration that would be created without actually splitting the pool. The actual pool split could still fail due to insufficient privileges or device status. .It Fl o Ar mntopts Comma-separated list of mount options to use when mounting datasets within the pool. See .Xr zfs 8 for a description of dataset properties and mount options. Valid only in conjunction with the .Fl R option. .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Sets the specified property on the new pool. See the .Qq Sx Properties section, above, for more information on the available pool properties. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm status -.Op Fl vx +.Op Fl Dvx .Op Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u .Op Ar pool .Ar ... .Op Ar interval Op Ar count .Xc .Pp Displays the detailed health status for the given pools. If no .Ar pool is specified, then the status of each pool in the system is displayed. For more information on pool and device health, see the .Qq Sx Device Failure and Recovery section. .Pp When given an interval, the output is printed every .Ar interval seconds until .Sy Ctrl-C is pressed. If .Ar count is specified, the command exits after .Ar count reports are printed. .Pp If a scrub or resilver is in progress, this command reports the percentage done and the estimated time to completion. Both of these are only approximate, because the amount of data in the pool and the other workloads on the system can change. .Bl -tag -width indent +.It Fl D +Display a histogram of deduplication statistics, showing the allocated +.Pq physically present on disk +and referenced +.Pq logically referenced in the pool +block counts and sizes by reference count. .It Fl x Only display status for pools that are exhibiting errors or are otherwise unavailable. Warnings about pools not using the latest on-disk format, having non-native block size or disabled features will not be included. .It Fl v Displays verbose data error information, printing out a complete list of all data errors since the last complete pool scrub. .It Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u Print a timestamp. .Pp Use modifier .Cm d for standard date format. See .Xr date 1 . Use modifier .Cm u for unixtime .Pq equals Qq Ic date +%s . .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm upgrade .Op Fl v .Xc .Pp Displays pools which do not have all supported features enabled and pools formatted using a legacy .Tn ZFS version number. These pools can continue to be used, but some features may not be available. Use .Nm Cm upgrade Fl a to enable all features on all pools. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl v Displays legacy .Tn ZFS versions supported by the current software. See .Xr zpool-features 7 for a description of feature flags features supported by the current software. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm upgrade .Op Fl V Ar version .Fl a | Ar pool ... .Xc .Pp Enables all supported features on the given pool. Once this is done, the pool will no longer be accessible on systems that do not support feature flags. See .Xr zpool-features 7 for details on compatibility with systems that support feature flags, but do not support all features enabled on the pool. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl a Enables all supported features on all pools. .It Fl V Ar version Upgrade to the specified legacy version. If the .Fl V flag is specified, no features will be enabled on the pool. This option can only be used to increase version number up to the last supported legacy version number. .El .El .Sh EXIT STATUS The following exit values are returned: .Bl -tag -offset 2n -width 2n .It 0 Successful completion. .It 1 An error occurred. .It 2 Invalid command line options were specified. .El .Sh EXAMPLES .Bl -tag -width 0n .It Sy Example 1 No Creating a RAID-Z Storage Pool .Pp The following command creates a pool with a single .No raidz root .No vdev that consists of six disks. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create tank raidz da0 da1 da2 da3 da4 da5 .Ed .It Sy Example 2 No Creating a Mirrored Storage Pool .Pp The following command creates a pool with two mirrors, where each mirror contains two disks. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create tank mirror da0 da1 mirror da2 da3 .Ed .It Sy Example 3 No Creating a Tn ZFS No Storage Pool by Using Partitions .Pp The following command creates an unmirrored pool using two GPT partitions. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create tank da0p3 da1p3 .Ed .It Sy Example 4 No Creating a Tn ZFS No Storage Pool by Using Files .Pp The following command creates an unmirrored pool using files. While not recommended, a pool based on files can be useful for experimental purposes. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create tank /path/to/file/a /path/to/file/b .Ed .It Sy Example 5 No Adding a Mirror to a Tn ZFS No Storage Pool .Pp The following command adds two mirrored disks to the pool .Em tank , assuming the pool is already made up of two-way mirrors. The additional space is immediately available to any datasets within the pool. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool add tank mirror da2 da3 .Ed .It Sy Example 6 No Listing Available Tn ZFS No Storage Pools .Pp The following command lists all available pools on the system. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool list NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE FRAG EXPANDSZ CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT pool 2.70T 473G 2.24T 33% - 17% 1.00x ONLINE - test 1.98G 89.5K 1.98G 48% - 0% 1.00x ONLINE - .Ed .It Sy Example 7 No Listing All Properties for a Pool .Pp The following command lists all the properties for a pool. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool get all pool pool size 2.70T - pool capacity 17% - pool altroot - default pool health ONLINE - pool guid 2501120270416322443 default pool version 28 default pool bootfs pool/root local pool delegation on default pool autoreplace off default pool cachefile - default pool failmode wait default pool listsnapshots off default pool autoexpand off default pool dedupditto 0 default pool dedupratio 1.00x - pool free 2.24T - pool allocated 473G - pool readonly off - .Ed .It Sy Example 8 No Destroying a Tn ZFS No Storage Pool .Pp The following command destroys the pool .Qq Em tank and any datasets contained within. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool destroy -f tank .Ed .It Sy Example 9 No Exporting a Tn ZFS No Storage Pool .Pp The following command exports the devices in pool .Em tank so that they can be relocated or later imported. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool export tank .Ed .It Sy Example 10 No Importing a Tn ZFS No Storage Pool .Pp The following command displays available pools, and then imports the pool .Qq Em tank for use on the system. .Pp The results from this command are similar to the following: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool import pool: tank id: 15451357997522795478 state: ONLINE action: The pool can be imported using its name or numeric identifier. config: tank ONLINE mirror ONLINE da0 ONLINE da1 ONLINE .Ed .It Xo .Sy Example 11 Upgrading All .Tn ZFS Storage Pools to the Current Version .Xc .Pp The following command upgrades all .Tn ZFS Storage pools to the current version of the software. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool upgrade -a This system is currently running ZFS pool version 28. .Ed .It Sy Example 12 No Managing Hot Spares .Pp The following command creates a new pool with an available hot spare: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create tank mirror da0 da1 spare da2 .Ed .Pp If one of the disks were to fail, the pool would be reduced to the degraded state. The failed device can be replaced using the following command: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool replace tank da0 da2 .Ed .Pp Once the data has been resilvered, the spare is automatically removed and is made available should another device fails. The hot spare can be permanently removed from the pool using the following command: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool remove tank da2 .Ed .It Xo .Sy Example 13 Creating a .Tn ZFS Pool with Mirrored Separate Intent Logs .Xc .Pp The following command creates a .Tn ZFS storage pool consisting of two, two-way mirrors and mirrored log devices: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create pool mirror da0 da1 mirror da2 da3 log mirror da4 da5 .Ed .It Sy Example 14 No Adding Cache Devices to a Tn ZFS No Pool .Pp The following command adds two disks for use as cache devices to a .Tn ZFS storage pool: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool add pool cache da2 da3 .Ed .Pp Once added, the cache devices gradually fill with content from main memory. Depending on the size of your cache devices, it could take over an hour for them to fill. Capacity and reads can be monitored using the .Cm iostat subcommand as follows: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool iostat -v pool 5 .Ed .It Xo .Sy Example 15 Displaying expanded space on a device .Xc .Pp The following command dipslays the detailed information for the .Em data pool. This pool is comprised of a single .Em raidz vdev where one of its devices increased its capacity by 10GB. In this example, the pool will not be able to utilized this extra capacity until all the devices under the .Em raidz vdev have been expanded. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool list -v data NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE FRAG EXPANDSZ CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT data 23.9G 14.6G 9.30G 48% - 61% 1.00x ONLINE - raidz1 23.9G 14.6G 9.30G 48% - ada0 - - - - - ada1 - - - - 10G ada2 - - - - - .Ed .It Xo .Sy Example 16 Removing a Mirrored top-level (Log or Data) Device .Xc .Pp The following commands remove the mirrored log device .Sy mirror-2 and mirrored top-level data device .Sy mirror-1 . .Pp Given this configuration: .Bd -literal -offset 2n pool: tank state: ONLINE scrub: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM tank ONLINE 0 0 0 mirror-0 ONLINE 0 0 0 da0 ONLINE 0 0 0 da1 ONLINE 0 0 0 mirror-1 ONLINE 0 0 0 da2 ONLINE 0 0 0 da3 ONLINE 0 0 0 logs mirror-2 ONLINE 0 0 0 da4 ONLINE 0 0 0 da5 ONLINE 0 0 0 .Ed .Pp The command to remove the mirrored log .Em mirror-2 is: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool remove tank mirror-2 .Ed .Pp The command to remove the mirrored data .Em mirror-1 is: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool remove tank mirror-1 .Ed .It Xo .Sy Example 17 Recovering a Faulted .Tn ZFS Pool .Xc .Pp If a pool is faulted but recoverable, a message indicating this state is provided by .Qq Nm Cm status if the pool was cached (see the .Fl c Ar cachefile argument above), or as part of the error output from a failed .Qq Nm Cm import of the pool. .Pp Recover a cached pool with the .Qq Nm Cm clear command: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool clear -F data Pool data returned to its state as of Tue Sep 08 13:23:35 2009. Discarded approximately 29 seconds of transactions. .Ed .Pp If the pool configuration was not cached, use .Qq Nm Cm import with the recovery mode flag: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool import -F data Pool data returned to its state as of Tue Sep 08 13:23:35 2009. Discarded approximately 29 seconds of transactions. .Ed .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr zpool-features 7 , .Xr zfs 8 , .Xr zfsd 8 .Sh AUTHORS This manual page is a .Xr mdoc 7 reimplementation of the .Tn OpenSolaris manual page .Em zpool(1M) , modified and customized for .Fx and licensed under the Common Development and Distribution License .Pq Tn CDDL . .Pp The .Xr mdoc 7 implementation of this manual page was initially written by .An Martin Matuska Aq mm@FreeBSD.org . Index: stable/12 =================================================================== --- stable/12 (revision 348731) +++ stable/12 (revision 348732) Property changes on: stable/12 ___________________________________________________________________ Modified: svn:mergeinfo ## -0,0 +0,1 ## Merged /head:r344360