Index: stable/11/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/cmd/zfs/zfs.8 =================================================================== --- stable/11/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/cmd/zfs/zfs.8 (revision 332738) +++ stable/11/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/cmd/zfs/zfs.8 (revision 332739) @@ -1,3845 +1,3859 @@ '\" te .\" Copyright (c) 2013, Martin Matuska . .\" All Rights Reserved. .\" .\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the .\" Common Development and Distribution License (the "License"). .\" You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. .\" .\" You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE .\" or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing. .\" See the License for the specific language governing permissions .\" and limitations under the License. .\" .\" When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each .\" file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE. .\" If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the .\" fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying .\" information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] .\" .\" Copyright (c) 2010, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. .\" Copyright (c) 2011, 2014 by Delphix. All rights reserved. .\" Copyright (c) 2011, Pawel Jakub Dawidek .\" Copyright (c) 2012, Glen Barber .\" Copyright (c) 2012, Bryan Drewery .\" Copyright (c) 2013 by Saso Kiselkov. All rights reserved. .\" Copyright (c) 2014, Joyent, Inc. All rights reserved. .\" Copyright (c) 2013, Steven Hartland .\" Copyright (c) 2016 Nexenta Systems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. .\" Copyright (c) 2014, Xin LI .\" Copyright (c) 2014-2015, The FreeBSD Foundation, All Rights Reserved. .\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" .Dd December 6, 2017 .Dt ZFS 8 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm zfs .Nd configures ZFS file systems .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl \&? .Nm .Cm create .Op Fl pu .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... Ar filesystem .Nm .Cm create .Op Fl ps .Op Fl b Ar blocksize .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... .Fl V .Ar size volume .Nm .Cm destroy .Op Fl fnpRrv .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Nm .Cm destroy .Op Fl dnpRrv .Sm off .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns volume .Ns @snap .Op % Ns Ar snap .Op , Ns Ar snap Op % Ns Ar snap .Op , Ns ... .Sm on .Nm .Cm destroy .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns # Ns Ar bookmark .Nm .Cm snapshot Ns | Ns Cm snap .Op Fl r .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... .Ar filesystem@snapname Ns | Ns Ar volume@snapname .Ar filesystem@snapname Ns | Ns Ar volume@snapname Ns ... .Nm .Cm rollback .Op Fl rRf .Ar snapshot .Nm .Cm clone .Op Fl p .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... .Ar snapshot filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Nm .Cm promote .Ar clone-filesystem .Nm .Cm rename .Op Fl f .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot .Nm .Cm rename .Op Fl f .Fl p .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Nm .Cm rename .Fl r .Ar snapshot snapshot .Nm .Cm rename .Fl u .Op Fl p .Ar filesystem filesystem .Nm .Cm list .Op Fl r Ns | Ns Fl d Ar depth .Op Fl Hp .Op Fl o Ar property Ns Oo , Ns property Ns Oc Ns ... .Op Fl t Ar type Ns Oo , Ns type Ns Oc Ns ... .Oo Fl s Ar property Oc Ns ... .Oo Fl S Ar property Oc Ns ... .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot | Ns Ar bookmark Ns ... .Nm +.Cm remap +.Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume +.Nm .Cm set .Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oo Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot Ns ... .Nm .Cm get .Op Fl r Ns | Ns Fl d Ar depth .Op Fl Hp .Op Fl o Ar all | field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ... .Op Fl t Ar type Ns Oo Ns , Ar type Oc Ns ... .Op Fl s Ar source Ns Oo Ns , Ns Ar source Oc Ns ... .Ar all | property Ns Oo Ns , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ... .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot Ns ... .Nm .Cm inherit .Op Fl rS .Ar property .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot Ns ... .Nm .Cm upgrade .Op Fl v .Nm .Cm upgrade .Op Fl r .Op Fl V Ar version .Fl a | Ar filesystem .Nm .Cm userspace .Op Fl Hinp .Op Fl o Ar field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ... .Oo Fl s Ar field Oc Ns ... .Oo Fl S Ar field Oc Ns ... .Op Fl t Ar type Ns Oo Ns , Ns Ar type Oc Ns ... .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar snapshot .Nm .Cm groupspace .Op Fl Hinp .Op Fl o Ar field Ns Oo , Ns field Oc Ns ... .Oo Fl s Ar field Oc Ns ... .Oo Fl S Ar field Oc Ns ... .Op Fl t Ar type Ns Oo Ns , Ns Ar type Oc Ns ... .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar snapshot .Nm .Cm mount .Nm .Cm mount .Op Fl vO .Op Fl o Ar property Ns Oo , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ... .Fl a | Ar filesystem .Nm .Cm unmount Ns | Ns Cm umount .Op Fl f .Fl a | Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar mountpoint .Nm .Cm share .Fl a | Ar filesystem .Nm .Cm unshare .Fl a | Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar mountpoint .Nm .Cm bookmark .Ar snapshot .Ar bookmark .Nm .Cm send .Op Fl DLPRcenpv .Op Fl i Ar snapshot | Fl I Ar snapshot .Ar snapshot .Nm .Cm send .Op Fl Lce .Op Fl i Ar snapshot Ns | Ns bookmark .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot .Nm .Cm send .Op Fl Penv .Fl t Ar receive_resume_token .Nm .Cm receive Ns | Ns Cm recv .Op Fl vnsFu .Op Fl o Sy origin Ns = Ns Ar snapshot .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot .Nm .Cm receive Ns | Ns Cm recv .Op Fl vnsFu .Op Fl d | e .Op Fl o Sy origin Ns = Ns Ar snapshot .Ar filesystem .Nm .Cm receive Ns | Ns Cm recv .Fl A .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Nm .Cm allow .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Nm .Cm allow .Op Fl ldug .Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Ns Oo Ns , Ns Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Oc Ns ... .Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns .Oo Ns , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Oc Ns ... .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Nm .Cm allow .Op Fl ld .Fl e Ns | Ns Cm everyone .Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns Op Ns , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns .Ns ... .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Nm .Cm allow .Fl c .Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns Op Ns , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns .Ns ... .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Nm .Cm allow .Fl s .Ar @setname .Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns Op Ns , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns .Ns ... .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Nm .Cm unallow .Op Fl rldug .Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Ns Oo Ns , Ns Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Oc Ns ... .Oo Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns Op , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns .Ns ... Oc .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Nm .Cm unallow .Op Fl rld .Fl e Ns | Ns Cm everyone .Oo Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns Op , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns .Ns ... Oc .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Nm .Cm unallow .Op Fl r .Fl c .Oo Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns Op , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns .Ns ... Oc .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Nm .Cm unallow .Op Fl r .Fl s .Ar @setname .Oo Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns Op , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns .Ns ... Oc .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Nm .Cm hold .Op Fl r .Ar tag snapshot Ns ... .Nm .Cm holds .Op Fl Hp .Op Fl r Ns | Ns Fl d Ar depth .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot Ns .Ns ... .Nm .Cm release .Op Fl r .Ar tag snapshot Ns ... .Nm .Cm diff .Op Fl FHt .Ar snapshot .Op Ar snapshot Ns | Ns Ar filesystem .Nm .Cm program .Op Fl n .Op Fl t Ar timeout .Op Fl m Ar memory_limit .Ar pool script .Op Ar arg1 No ... .Nm .Cm jail .Ar jailid Ns | Ns Ar jailname filesystem .Nm .Cm unjail .Ar jailid Ns | Ns Ar jailname filesystem .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm command configures .Tn ZFS datasets within a .Tn ZFS storage pool, as described in .Xr zpool 8 . A dataset is identified by a unique path within the .Tn ZFS namespace. For example: .Bd -ragged -offset 4n .No pool/ Ns Brq filesystem,volume,snapshot .Ed .Pp where the maximum length of a dataset name is .Dv MAXNAMELEN (256 bytes). .Pp A dataset can be one of the following: .Bl -hang -width 12n .It Sy file system A .Tn ZFS dataset of type .Em filesystem can be mounted within the standard system namespace and behaves like other file systems. While .Tn ZFS file systems are designed to be .Tn POSIX compliant, known issues exist that prevent compliance in some cases. Applications that depend on standards conformance might fail due to nonstandard behavior when checking file system free space. .It Sy volume A logical volume exported as a raw or block device. This type of dataset should only be used under special circumstances. File systems are typically used in most environments. .It Sy snapshot A read-only version of a file system or volume at a given point in time. It is specified as .Em filesystem@name or .Em volume@name . .El .Ss ZFS File System Hierarchy A .Tn ZFS storage pool is a logical collection of devices that provide space for datasets. A storage pool is also the root of the .Tn ZFS file system hierarchy. .Pp The root of the pool can be accessed as a file system, such as mounting and unmounting, taking snapshots, and setting properties. The physical storage characteristics, however, are managed by the .Xr zpool 8 command. .Pp See .Xr zpool 8 for more information on creating and administering pools. .Ss Snapshots A snapshot is a read-only copy of a file system or volume. Snapshots can be created extremely quickly, and initially consume no additional space within the pool. As data within the active dataset changes, the snapshot consumes more data than would otherwise be shared with the active dataset. .Pp Snapshots can have arbitrary names. Snapshots of volumes can be cloned or rolled back, but cannot be accessed independently. .Pp File system snapshots can be accessed under the .Pa \&.zfs/snapshot directory in the root of the file system. Snapshots are automatically mounted on demand and may be unmounted at regular intervals. The visibility of the .Pa \&.zfs directory can be controlled by the .Sy snapdir property. .Ss Clones A clone is a writable volume or file system whose initial contents are the same as another dataset. As with snapshots, creating a clone is nearly instantaneous, and initially consumes no additional space. .Pp Clones can only be created from a snapshot. When a snapshot is cloned, it creates an implicit dependency between the parent and child. Even though the clone is created somewhere else in the dataset hierarchy, the original snapshot cannot be destroyed as long as a clone exists. The .Sy origin property exposes this dependency, and the .Cm destroy command lists any such dependencies, if they exist. .Pp The clone parent-child dependency relationship can be reversed by using the .Cm promote subcommand. This causes the "origin" file system to become a clone of the specified file system, which makes it possible to destroy the file system that the clone was created from. .Ss Mount Points Creating a .Tn ZFS file system is a simple operation, so the number of file systems per system is likely to be numerous. To cope with this, .Tn ZFS automatically manages mounting and unmounting file systems without the need to edit the .Pa /etc/fstab file. All automatically managed file systems are mounted by .Tn ZFS at boot time. .Pp By default, file systems are mounted under .Pa /path , where .Ar path is the name of the file system in the .Tn ZFS namespace. Directories are created and destroyed as needed. .Pp A file system can also have a mount point set in the .Sy mountpoint property. This directory is created as needed, and .Tn ZFS automatically mounts the file system when the .Qq Nm Cm mount Fl a command is invoked (without editing .Pa /etc/fstab ) . The .Sy mountpoint property can be inherited, so if .Em pool/home has a mount point of .Pa /home , then .Em pool/home/user automatically inherits a mount point of .Pa /home/user . .Pp A file system .Sy mountpoint property of .Cm none prevents the file system from being mounted. .Pp If needed, .Tn ZFS file systems can also be managed with traditional tools .Pq Xr mount 8 , Xr umount 8 , Xr fstab 5 . If a file system's mount point is set to .Cm legacy , .Tn ZFS makes no attempt to manage the file system, and the administrator is responsible for mounting and unmounting the file system. .Ss Jails .No A Tn ZFS dataset can be attached to a jail by using the .Qq Nm Cm jail subcommand. You cannot attach a dataset to one jail and the children of the same dataset to another jails. To allow management of the dataset from within a jail, the .Sy jailed property has to be set and the jail needs access to the .Pa /dev/zfs device. The .Sy quota property cannot be changed from within a jail. See .Xr jail 8 for information on how to allow mounting .Tn ZFS datasets from within a jail. .Pp .No A Tn ZFS dataset can be detached from a jail using the .Qq Nm Cm unjail subcommand. .Pp After a dataset is attached to a jail and the jailed property is set, a jailed file system cannot be mounted outside the jail, since the jail administrator might have set the mount point to an unacceptable value. .Ss Deduplication Deduplication is the process for removing redundant data at the block-level, reducing the total amount of data stored. If a file system has the .Cm dedup property enabled, duplicate data blocks are removed synchronously. The result is that only unique data is stored and common components are shared among files. .Ss Native Properties Properties are divided into two types, native properties and user-defined (or "user") properties. Native properties either export internal statistics or control .Tn ZFS behavior. In addition, native properties are either editable or read-only. User properties have no effect on .Tn ZFS behavior, but you can use them to annotate datasets in a way that is meaningful in your environment. For more information about user properties, see the .Qq Sx User Properties section, below. .Pp Every dataset has a set of properties that export statistics about the dataset as well as control various behaviors. Properties are inherited from the parent unless overridden by the child. Some properties apply only to certain types of datasets (file systems, volumes, or snapshots). .Pp The values of numeric properties can be specified using human-readable suffixes (for example, .Sy k , KB , M , Gb , and so forth, up to .Sy Z for zettabyte). The following are all valid (and equal) specifications: .Bd -ragged -offset 4n 1536M, 1.5g, 1.50GB .Ed .Pp The values of non-numeric properties are case sensitive and must be lowercase, except for .Sy mountpoint , sharenfs , No and Sy sharesmb . .Pp The following native properties consist of read-only statistics about the dataset. These properties can be neither set, nor inherited. Native properties apply to all dataset types unless otherwise noted. .Bl -tag -width 2n .It Sy available The amount of space available to the dataset and all its children, assuming that there is no other activity in the pool. Because space is shared within a pool, availability can be limited by any number of factors, including physical pool size, quotas, reservations, or other datasets within the pool. .Pp This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, .Sy avail . .It Sy compressratio For non-snapshots, the compression ratio achieved for the .Sy used space of this dataset, expressed as a multiplier. The .Sy used property includes descendant datasets, and, for clones, does not include the space shared with the origin snapshot. For snapshots, the .Sy compressratio is the same as the .Sy refcompressratio property. Compression can be turned on by running: .Qq Nm Cm set compression=on Ar dataset The default value is .Cm off . .It Sy creation The time this dataset was created. .It Sy clones For snapshots, this property is a comma-separated list of filesystems or volumes which are clones of this snapshot. The clones' .Sy origin property is this snapshot. If the .Sy clones property is not empty, then this snapshot can not be destroyed (even with the .Fl r or .Fl f options). .It Sy defer_destroy This property is .Cm on if the snapshot has been marked for deferred destroy by using the .Qq Nm Cm destroy -d command. Otherwise, the property is .Cm off . .It Sy filesystem_count The total number of filesystems and volumes that exist under this location in the dataset tree. This value is only available when a .Sy filesystem_limit has been set somewhere in the tree under which the dataset resides. .It Sy logicalreferenced The amount of space that is .Qq logically accessible by this dataset. See the .Sy referenced property. The logical space ignores the effect of the .Sy compression and .Sy copies properties, giving a quantity closer to the amount of data that applications see. However, it does include space consumed by metadata. .Pp This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, .Sy lrefer . .It Sy logicalused The amount of space that is .Qq logically consumed by this dataset and all its descendents. See the .Sy used property. The logical space ignores the effect of the .Sy compression and .Sy copies properties, giving a quantity closer to the amount of data that applications see. .Pp This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, .Sy lused . .It Sy mounted For file systems, indicates whether the file system is currently mounted. This property can be either .Cm yes or .Cm no . .It Sy origin For cloned file systems or volumes, the snapshot from which the clone was created. See also the .Sy clones property. .It Sy receive_resume_token For filesystems or volumes which have saved partially-completed state from .Sy zfs receive -s , this opaque token can be provided to .Sy zfs send -t to resume and complete the .Sy zfs receive . .It Sy referenced The amount of data that is accessible by this dataset, which may or may not be shared with other datasets in the pool. When a snapshot or clone is created, it initially references the same amount of space as the file system or snapshot it was created from, since its contents are identical. .Pp This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, .Sy refer . .It Sy refcompressratio The compression ratio achieved for the .Sy referenced space of this dataset, expressed as a multiplier. See also the .Sy compressratio property. .It Sy snapshot_count The total number of snapshots that exist under this location in the dataset tree. This value is only available when a .Sy snapshot_limit has been set somewhere in the tree under which the dataset resides. .It Sy type The type of dataset: .Sy filesystem , volume , No or Sy snapshot . .It Sy used The amount of space consumed by this dataset and all its descendents. This is the value that is checked against this dataset's quota and reservation. The space used does not include this dataset's reservation, but does take into account the reservations of any descendent datasets. The amount of space that a dataset consumes from its parent, as well as the amount of space that are freed if this dataset is recursively destroyed, is the greater of its space used and its reservation. .Pp When snapshots (see the .Qq Sx Snapshots section) are created, their space is initially shared between the snapshot and the file system, and possibly with previous snapshots. As the file system changes, space that was previously shared becomes unique to the snapshot, and counted in the snapshot's space used. Additionally, deleting snapshots can increase the amount of space unique to (and used by) other snapshots. .Pp The amount of space used, available, or referenced does not take into account pending changes. Pending changes are generally accounted for within a few seconds. Committing a change to a disk using .Xr fsync 2 or .Sy O_SYNC does not necessarily guarantee that the space usage information is updated immediately. .It Sy usedby* The .Sy usedby* properties decompose the .Sy used properties into the various reasons that space is used. Specifically, .Sy used No = .Sy usedbysnapshots + usedbydataset + usedbychildren + usedbyrefreservation . These properties are only available for datasets created with .Tn ZFS pool version 13 pools and higher. .It Sy usedbysnapshots The amount of space consumed by snapshots of this dataset. In particular, it is the amount of space that would be freed if all of this dataset's snapshots were destroyed. Note that this is not simply the sum of the snapshots' .Sy used properties because space can be shared by multiple snapshots. .It Sy usedbydataset The amount of space used by this dataset itself, which would be freed if the dataset were destroyed (after first removing any .Sy refreservation and destroying any necessary snapshots or descendents). .It Sy usedbychildren The amount of space used by children of this dataset, which would be freed if all the dataset's children were destroyed. .It Sy usedbyrefreservation The amount of space used by a .Sy refreservation set on this dataset, which would be freed if the .Sy refreservation was removed. .It Sy userused@ Ns Ar user The amount of space consumed by the specified user in this dataset. Space is charged to the owner of each file, as displayed by .Qq Nm ls Fl l . The amount of space charged is displayed by .Qq Nm du and .Qq Nm ls Fl s . See the .Qq Nm Cm userspace subcommand for more information. .Pp Unprivileged users can access only their own space usage. The root user, or a user who has been granted the .Sy userused privilege with .Qq Nm Cm allow , can access everyone's usage. .Pp The .Sy userused@ Ns ... properties are not displayed by .Qq Nm Cm get all . The user's name must be appended after the .Sy @ symbol, using one of the following forms: .Bl -bullet -offset 2n .It POSIX name (for example, .Em joe ) .It POSIX numeric ID (for example, .Em 1001 ) .El .It Sy userrefs This property is set to the number of user holds on this snapshot. User holds are set by using the .Qq Nm Cm hold command. .It Sy groupused@ Ns Ar group The amount of space consumed by the specified group in this dataset. Space is charged to the group of each file, as displayed by .Nm ls Fl l . See the .Sy userused@ Ns Ar user property for more information. .Pp Unprivileged users can only access their own groups' space usage. The root user, or a user who has been granted the .Sy groupused privilege with .Qq Nm Cm allow , can access all groups' usage. .It Sy volblocksize Ns = Ns Ar blocksize For volumes, specifies the block size of the volume. The .Ar blocksize cannot be changed once the volume has been written, so it should be set at volume creation time. The default .Ar blocksize for volumes is 8 Kbytes. Any power of 2 from 512 bytes to 128 Kbytes is valid. .Pp This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, .Sy volblock . .It Sy written The amount of .Sy referenced space written to this dataset since the previous snapshot. .It Sy written@ Ns Ar snapshot The amount of .Sy referenced space written to this dataset since the specified snapshot. This is the space that is referenced by this dataset but was not referenced by the specified snapshot. .Pp The .Ar snapshot may be specified as a short snapshot name (just the part after the .Sy @ ) , in which case it will be interpreted as a snapshot in the same filesystem as this dataset. The .Ar snapshot may be a full snapshot name .Pq Em filesystem@snapshot , which for clones may be a snapshot in the origin's filesystem (or the origin of the origin's filesystem, etc). .El .Pp The following native properties can be used to change the behavior of a .Tn ZFS dataset. .Bl -tag -width 2n .It Xo .Sy aclinherit Ns = Ns Cm discard | .Cm noallow | .Cm restricted | .Cm passthrough | .Cm passthrough-x .Xc Controls how .Tn ACL entries are inherited when files and directories are created. A file system with an .Sy aclinherit property of .Cm discard does not inherit any .Tn ACL entries. A file system with an .Sy aclinherit property value of .Cm noallow only inherits inheritable .Tn ACL entries that specify "deny" permissions. The property value .Cm restricted (the default) removes the .Em write_acl and .Em write_owner permissions when the .Tn ACL entry is inherited. A file system with an .Sy aclinherit property value of .Cm passthrough inherits all inheritable .Tn ACL entries without any modifications made to the .Tn ACL entries when they are inherited. A file system with an .Sy aclinherit property value of .Cm passthrough-x has the same meaning as .Cm passthrough , except that the .Em owner@ , group@ , No and Em everyone@ Tn ACE Ns s inherit the execute permission only if the file creation mode also requests the execute bit. .Pp When the property value is set to .Cm passthrough , files are created with a mode determined by the inheritable .Tn ACE Ns s. If no inheritable .Tn ACE Ns s exist that affect the mode, then the mode is set in accordance to the requested mode from the application. .It Sy aclmode Ns = Ns Cm discard | groupmask | passthrough | restricted Controls how an .Tn ACL is modified during .Xr chmod 2 . A file system with an .Sy aclmode property of .Cm discard (the default) deletes all .Tn ACL entries that do not represent the mode of the file. An .Sy aclmode property of .Cm groupmask reduces permissions granted in all .Em ALLOW entries found in the .Tn ACL such that they are no greater than the group permissions specified by .Xr chmod 2 . A file system with an .Sy aclmode property of .Cm passthrough indicates that no changes are made to the .Tn ACL other than creating or updating the necessary .Tn ACL entries to represent the new mode of the file or directory. An .Sy aclmode property of .Cm restricted will cause the .Xr chmod 2 operation to return an error when used on any file or directory which has a non-trivial .Tn ACL whose entries can not be represented by a mode. .Xr chmod 2 is required to change the set user ID, set group ID, or sticky bits on a file or directory, as they do not have equivalent .Tn ACL entries. In order to use .Xr chmod 2 on a file or directory with a non-trivial .Tn ACL when .Sy aclmode is set to .Cm restricted , you must first remove all .Tn ACL entries which do not represent the current mode. .It Sy atime Ns = Ns Cm on | off Controls whether the access time for files is updated when they are read. Turning this property off avoids producing write traffic when reading files and can result in significant performance gains, though it might confuse mailers and other similar utilities. The default value is .Cm on . .It Sy canmount Ns = Ns Cm on | off | noauto If this property is set to .Cm off , the file system cannot be mounted, and is ignored by .Qq Nm Cm mount Fl a . Setting this property to .Cm off is similar to setting the .Sy mountpoint property to .Cm none , except that the dataset still has a normal .Sy mountpoint property, which can be inherited. Setting this property to .Cm off allows datasets to be used solely as a mechanism to inherit properties. One example of setting .Sy canmount Ns = Ns Cm off is to have two datasets with the same .Sy mountpoint , so that the children of both datasets appear in the same directory, but might have different inherited characteristics. .Pp When the .Cm noauto value is set, a dataset can only be mounted and unmounted explicitly. The dataset is not mounted automatically when the dataset is created or imported, nor is it mounted by the .Qq Nm Cm mount Fl a command or unmounted by the .Qq Nm Cm umount Fl a command. .Pp This property is not inherited. .It Sy checksum Ns = Ns Cm on | off | fletcher2 | fletcher4 | sha256 | noparity | sha512 | skein Controls the checksum used to verify data integrity. The default value is .Cm on , which automatically selects an appropriate algorithm (currently, .Cm fletcher4 , but this may change in future releases). The value .Cm off disables integrity checking on user data. The value .Cm noparity not only disables integrity but also disables maintaining parity for user data. This setting is used internally by a dump device residing on a RAID-Z pool and should not be used by any other dataset. Disabling checksums is .Em NOT a recommended practice. The .Sy sha512 , and .Sy skein checksum algorithms require enabling the appropriate features on the pool. Please see .Xr zpool-features 7 for more information on these algorithms. .Pp Changing this property affects only newly-written data. .Pp Salted checksum algorithms .Pq Cm edonr , skein are currently not supported for any filesystem on the boot pools. .It Sy compression Ns = Ns Cm on | off | lzjb | gzip | gzip- Ns Ar N | Cm zle | Cm lz4 Controls the compression algorithm used for this dataset. Setting compression to .Cm on indicates that the current default compression algorithm should be used. The default balances compression and decompression speed, with compression ratio and is expected to work well on a wide variety of workloads. Unlike all other settings for this property, on does not select a fixed compression type. As new compression algorithms are added to ZFS and enabled on a pool, the default compression algorithm may change. The current default compression algorthm is either .Cm lzjb or, if the .Sy lz4_compress feature is enabled, .Cm lz4 . The .Cm lzjb compression algorithm is optimized for performance while providing decent data compression. Setting compression to .Cm on uses the .Cm lzjb compression algorithm. The .Cm gzip compression algorithm uses the same compression as the .Xr gzip 1 command. You can specify the .Cm gzip level by using the value .Cm gzip- Ns Ar N where .Ar N is an integer from 1 (fastest) to 9 (best compression ratio). Currently, .Cm gzip is equivalent to .Cm gzip-6 (which is also the default for .Xr gzip 1 ) . The .Cm zle compression algorithm compresses runs of zeros. .Pp The .Sy lz4 compression algorithm is a high-performance replacement for the .Sy lzjb algorithm. It features significantly faster compression and decompression, as well as a moderately higher compression ratio than .Sy lzjb , but can only be used on pools with the .Sy lz4_compress feature set to .Sy enabled . See .Xr zpool-features 7 for details on ZFS feature flags and the .Sy lz4_compress feature. .Pp This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name .Cm compress . Changing this property affects only newly-written data. .It Sy copies Ns = Ns Cm 1 | 2 | 3 Controls the number of copies of data stored for this dataset. These copies are in addition to any redundancy provided by the pool, for example, mirroring or RAID-Z. The copies are stored on different disks, if possible. The space used by multiple copies is charged to the associated file and dataset, changing the .Sy used property and counting against quotas and reservations. .Pp Changing this property only affects newly-written data. Therefore, set this property at file system creation time by using the .Fl o Cm copies= Ns Ar N option. .It Sy dedup Ns = Ns Cm on | off | verify | sha256 Ns Oo Cm ,verify Oc | Sy sha512 Ns Oo Cm ,verify Oc | Sy skein Ns Oo Cm ,verify Oc Configures deduplication for a dataset. The default value is .Cm off . The default deduplication checksum is .Cm sha256 (this may change in the future). When .Sy dedup is enabled, the checksum defined here overrides the .Sy checksum property. Setting the value to .Cm verify has the same effect as the setting .Cm sha256,verify . .Pp If set to .Cm verify , .Tn ZFS will do a byte-to-byte comparsion in case of two blocks having the same signature to make sure the block contents are identical. .It Sy devices Ns = Ns Cm on | off The .Sy devices property is currently not supported on .Fx . .It Sy exec Ns = Ns Cm on | off Controls whether processes can be executed from within this file system. The default value is .Cm on . .It Sy mlslabel Ns = Ns Ar label | Cm none The .Sy mlslabel property is currently not supported on .Fx . .It Sy filesystem_limit Ns = Ns Ar count | Cm none Limits the number of filesystems and volumes that can exist under this point in the dataset tree. The limit is not enforced if the user is allowed to change the limit. Setting a .Sy filesystem_limit on a descendent of a filesystem that already has a .Sy filesystem_limit does not override the ancestor's .Sy filesystem_limit , but rather imposes an additional limit. This feature must be enabled to be used .Po see .Xr zpool-features 7 .Pc . .It Sy mountpoint Ns = Ns Ar path | Cm none | legacy Controls the mount point used for this file system. See the .Qq Sx Mount Points section for more information on how this property is used. .Pp When the .Sy mountpoint property is changed for a file system, the file system and any children that inherit the mount point are unmounted. If the new value is .Cm legacy , then they remain unmounted. Otherwise, they are automatically remounted in the new location if the property was previously .Cm legacy or .Cm none , or if they were mounted before the property was changed. In addition, any shared file systems are unshared and shared in the new location. .It Sy nbmand Ns = Ns Cm on | off The .Sy nbmand property is currently not supported on .Fx . .It Sy primarycache Ns = Ns Cm all | none | metadata Controls what is cached in the primary cache (ARC). If this property is set to .Cm all , then both user data and metadata is cached. If this property is set to .Cm none , then neither user data nor metadata is cached. If this property is set to .Cm metadata , then only metadata is cached. The default value is .Cm all . .It Sy quota Ns = Ns Ar size | Cm none Limits the amount of space a dataset and its descendents can consume. This property enforces a hard limit on the amount of space used. This includes all space consumed by descendents, including file systems and snapshots. Setting a quota on a descendent of a dataset that already has a quota does not override the ancestor's quota, but rather imposes an additional limit. .Pp Quotas cannot be set on volumes, as the .Sy volsize property acts as an implicit quota. .It Sy snapshot_limit Ns = Ns Ar count | Cm none Limits the number of snapshots that can be created on a dataset and its descendents. Setting a .Sy snapshot_limit on a descendent of a dataset that already has a .Sy snapshot_limit does not override the ancestor's .Sy snapshot_limit , but rather imposes an additional limit. The limit is not enforced if the user is allowed to change the limit. For example, this means that recursive snapshots taken from the global zone are counted against each delegated dataset within a jail. This feature must be enabled to be used .Po see .Xr zpool-features 7 .Pc . .It Sy userquota@ Ns Ar user Ns = Ns Ar size | Cm none Limits the amount of space consumed by the specified user. Similar to the .Sy refquota property, the .Sy userquota space calculation does not include space that is used by descendent datasets, such as snapshots and clones. User space consumption is identified by the .Sy userspace@ Ns Ar user property. .Pp Enforcement of user quotas may be delayed by several seconds. This delay means that a user might exceed their quota before the system notices that they are over quota and begins to refuse additional writes with the .Em EDQUOT error message. See the .Cm userspace subcommand for more information. .Pp Unprivileged users can only access their own groups' space usage. The root user, or a user who has been granted the .Sy userquota privilege with .Qq Nm Cm allow , can get and set everyone's quota. .Pp This property is not available on volumes, on file systems before version 4, or on pools before version 15. The .Sy userquota@ Ns ... properties are not displayed by .Qq Nm Cm get all . The user's name must be appended after the .Sy @ symbol, using one of the following forms: .Bl -bullet -offset 2n .It POSIX name (for example, .Em joe ) .It POSIX numeric ID (for example, .Em 1001 ) .El .It Sy groupquota@ Ns Ar group Ns = Ns Ar size | Cm none Limits the amount of space consumed by the specified group. Group space consumption is identified by the .Sy userquota@ Ns Ar user property. .Pp Unprivileged users can access only their own groups' space usage. The root user, or a user who has been granted the .Sy groupquota privilege with .Qq Nm Cm allow , can get and set all groups' quotas. .It Sy readonly Ns = Ns Cm on | off Controls whether this dataset can be modified. The default value is .Cm off . .It Sy recordsize Ns = Ns Ar size Specifies a suggested block size for files in the file system. This property is designed solely for use with database workloads that access files in fixed-size records. .Tn ZFS automatically tunes block sizes according to internal algorithms optimized for typical access patterns. .Pp For databases that create very large files but access them in small random chunks, these algorithms may be suboptimal. Specifying a .Sy recordsize greater than or equal to the record size of the database can result in significant performance gains. Use of this property for general purpose file systems is strongly discouraged, and may adversely affect performance. .Pp The size specified must be a power of two greater than or equal to 512 and less than or equal to 128 Kbytes. If the .Sy large_blocks feature is enabled on the pool, the size may be up to 1 Mbyte. See .Xr zpool-features 7 for details on ZFS feature flags. .Pp Changing the file system's .Sy recordsize affects only files created afterward; existing files are unaffected. .Pp This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, .Sy recsize . .It Sy redundant_metadata Ns = Ns Cm all | most Controls what types of metadata are stored redundantly. ZFS stores an extra copy of metadata, so that if a single block is corrupted, the amount of user data lost is limited. This extra copy is in addition to any redundancy provided at the pool level .Pq e.g. by mirroring or RAID-Z , and is in addition to an extra copy specified by the .Sy copies property .Pq up to a total of 3 copies . For example if the pool is mirrored, .Cm copies Ns = Ns Ar 2 , and .Cm redundant_metadata Ns = Ns Ar most , then ZFS stores 6 copies of most metadata, and 4 copies of data and some metadata. .Pp When set to .Cm all , ZFS stores an extra copy of all metadata. If a single on-disk block is corrupt, at worst a single block of user data .Po which is .Cm recordsize bytes long can be lost. .Pc .Pp When set to .Cm most , ZFS stores an extra copy of most types of metadata. This can improve performance of random writes, because less metadata must be written. In practice, at worst about 100 blocks .Po of .Cm recordsize bytes each .Pc of user data can be lost if a single on-disk block is corrupt. The exact behavior of which metadata blocks are stored redundantly may change in future releases. .Pp The default value is .Cm all . .It Sy refquota Ns = Ns Ar size | Cm none Limits the amount of space a dataset can consume. This property enforces a hard limit on the amount of space used. This hard limit does not include space used by descendents, including file systems and snapshots. .It Sy refreservation Ns = Ns Ar size | Cm none The minimum amount of space guaranteed to a dataset, not including its descendents. When the amount of space used is below this value, the dataset is treated as if it were taking up the amount of space specified by .Sy refreservation . The .Sy refreservation reservation is accounted for in the parent datasets' space used, and counts against the parent datasets' quotas and reservations. .Pp If .Sy refreservation is set, a snapshot is only allowed if there is enough free pool space outside of this reservation to accommodate the current number of "referenced" bytes in the dataset. .Pp This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, .Sy refreserv . .It Sy reservation Ns = Ns Ar size | Cm none The minimum amount of space guaranteed to a dataset and its descendents. When the amount of space used is below this value, the dataset is treated as if it were taking up the amount of space specified by its reservation. Reservations are accounted for in the parent datasets' space used, and count against the parent datasets' quotas and reservations. .Pp This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, .Sy reserv . .It Sy secondarycache Ns = Ns Cm all | none | metadata Controls what is cached in the secondary cache (L2ARC). If this property is set to .Cm all , then both user data and metadata is cached. If this property is set to .Cm none , then neither user data nor metadata is cached. If this property is set to .Cm metadata , then only metadata is cached. The default value is .Cm all . .It Sy setuid Ns = Ns Cm on | off Controls whether the .No set- Ns Tn UID bit is respected for the file system. The default value is .Cm on . .It Sy sharesmb Ns = Ns Cm on | off | Ar opts The .Sy sharesmb property currently has no effect on .Fx . .It Sy sharenfs Ns = Ns Cm on | off | Ar opts Controls whether the file system is shared via .Tn NFS , and what options are used. A file system with a .Sy sharenfs property of .Cm off is managed the traditional way via .Xr exports 5 . Otherwise, the file system is automatically shared and unshared with the .Qq Nm Cm share and .Qq Nm Cm unshare commands. If the property is set to .Cm on no .Tn NFS export options are used. Otherwise, .Tn NFS export options are equivalent to the contents of this property. The export options may be comma-separated. See .Xr exports 5 for a list of valid options. .Pp When the .Sy sharenfs property is changed for a dataset, the .Xr mountd 8 daemon is reloaded. .It Sy logbias Ns = Ns Cm latency | throughput Provide a hint to .Tn ZFS about handling of synchronous requests in this dataset. If .Sy logbias is set to .Cm latency (the default), .Tn ZFS will use pool log devices (if configured) to handle the requests at low latency. If .Sy logbias is set to .Cm throughput , .Tn ZFS will not use configured pool log devices. .Tn ZFS will instead optimize synchronous operations for global pool throughput and efficient use of resources. .It Sy snapdir Ns = Ns Cm hidden | visible Controls whether the .Pa \&.zfs directory is hidden or visible in the root of the file system as discussed in the .Qq Sx Snapshots section. The default value is .Cm hidden . .It Sy sync Ns = Ns Cm standard | always | disabled Controls the behavior of synchronous requests (e.g. .Xr fsync 2 , O_DSYNC). This property accepts the following values: .Bl -tag -offset 4n -width 8n .It Sy standard This is the POSIX specified behavior of ensuring all synchronous requests are written to stable storage and all devices are flushed to ensure data is not cached by device controllers (this is the default). .It Sy always All file system transactions are written and flushed before their system calls return. This has a large performance penalty. .It Sy disabled Disables synchronous requests. File system transactions are only committed to stable storage periodically. This option will give the highest performance. However, it is very dangerous as .Tn ZFS would be ignoring the synchronous transaction demands of applications such as databases or .Tn NFS . Administrators should only use this option when the risks are understood. .El .It Sy volsize Ns = Ns Ar size For volumes, specifies the logical size of the volume. By default, creating a volume establishes a reservation of equal size. For storage pools with a version number of 9 or higher, a .Sy refreservation is set instead. Any changes to .Sy volsize are reflected in an equivalent change to the reservation (or .Sy refreservation ) . The .Sy volsize can only be set to a multiple of .Cm volblocksize , and cannot be zero. .Pp The reservation is kept equal to the volume's logical size to prevent unexpected behavior for consumers. Without the reservation, the volume could run out of space, resulting in undefined behavior or data corruption, depending on how the volume is used. These effects can also occur when the volume size is changed while it is in use (particularly when shrinking the size). Extreme care should be used when adjusting the volume size. .Pp Though not recommended, a "sparse volume" (also known as "thin provisioning") can be created by specifying the .Fl s option to the .Qq Nm Cm create Fl V command, or by changing the reservation after the volume has been created. A "sparse volume" is a volume where the reservation is less then the volume size. Consequently, writes to a sparse volume can fail with .Sy ENOSPC when the pool is low on space. For a sparse volume, changes to .Sy volsize are not reflected in the reservation. .It Sy volmode Ns = Ns Cm default | geom | dev | none This property specifies how volumes should be exposed to the OS. Setting it to .Sy geom exposes volumes as .Xr geom 4 providers, providing maximal functionality. Setting it to .Sy dev exposes volumes only as cdev device in devfs. Such volumes can be accessed only as raw disk device files, i.e. they can not be partitioned, mounted, participate in RAIDs, etc, but they are faster, and in some use scenarios with untrusted consumer, such as NAS or VM storage, can be more safe. Volumes with property set to .Sy none are not exposed outside ZFS, but can be snapshoted, cloned, replicated, etc, that can be suitable for backup purposes. Value .Sy default means that volumes exposition is controlled by system-wide sysctl/tunable .Va vfs.zfs.vol.mode , where .Sy geom , .Sy dev and .Sy none are encoded as 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The default values is .Sy geom . This property can be changed any time, but so far it is processed only during volume creation and pool import. .It Sy vscan Ns = Ns Cm off | on The .Sy vscan property is currently not supported on .Fx . .It Sy xattr Ns = Ns Cm off | on The .Sy xattr property is currently not supported on .Fx . .It Sy jailed Ns = Ns Cm off | on Controls whether the dataset is managed from a jail. See the .Qq Sx Jails section for more information. The default value is .Cm off . .El .Pp The following three properties cannot be changed after the file system is created, and therefore, should be set when the file system is created. If the properties are not set with the .Qq Nm Cm create or .Nm zpool Cm create commands, these properties are inherited from the parent dataset. If the parent dataset lacks these properties due to having been created prior to these features being supported, the new file system will have the default values for these properties. .Bl -tag -width 4n .It Sy casesensitivity Ns = Ns Cm sensitive | insensitive | mixed Indicates whether the file name matching algorithm used by the file system should be case-sensitive, case-insensitive, or allow a combination of both styles of matching. The default value for the .Sy casesensitivity property is .Cm sensitive . Traditionally, UNIX and POSIX file systems have case-sensitive file names. .Pp The .Cm mixed value for the .Sy casesensitivity property indicates that the file system can support requests for both case-sensitive and case-insensitive matching behavior. .It Sy normalization Ns = Ns Cm none | formC | formD | formKC | formKD Indicates whether the file system should perform a .Sy unicode normalization of file names whenever two file names are compared, and which normalization algorithm should be used. File names are always stored unmodified, names are normalized as part of any comparison process. If this property is set to a legal value other than .Cm none , and the .Sy utf8only property was left unspecified, the .Sy utf8only property is automatically set to .Cm on . The default value of the .Sy normalization property is .Cm none . This property cannot be changed after the file system is created. .It Sy utf8only Ns = Ns Cm on | off Indicates whether the file system should reject file names that include characters that are not present in the .Sy UTF-8 character code set. If this property is explicitly set to .Cm off , the normalization property must either not be explicitly set or be set to .Cm none . The default value for the .Sy utf8only property is .Cm off . This property cannot be changed after the file system is created. .El .Pp The .Sy casesensitivity , normalization , No and Sy utf8only properties are also new permissions that can be assigned to non-privileged users by using the .Tn ZFS delegated administration feature. .Ss Temporary Mount Point Properties When a file system is mounted, either through .Xr mount 8 for legacy mounts or the .Qq Nm Cm mount command for normal file systems, its mount options are set according to its properties. The correlation between properties and mount options is as follows: .Bl -column -offset 4n "PROPERTY" "MOUNT OPTION" .It "PROPERTY MOUNT OPTION" .It "atime atime/noatime" .It "exec exec/noexec" .It "readonly ro/rw" .It "setuid suid/nosuid" .El .Pp In addition, these options can be set on a per-mount basis using the .Fl o option, without affecting the property that is stored on disk. The values specified on the command line override the values stored in the dataset. These properties are reported as "temporary" by the .Qq Nm Cm get command. If the properties are changed while the dataset is mounted, the new setting overrides any temporary settings. .Ss User Properties In addition to the standard native properties, .Tn ZFS supports arbitrary user properties. User properties have no effect on .Tn ZFS behavior, but applications or administrators can use them to annotate datasets (file systems, volumes, and snapshots). .Pp User property names must contain a colon .Pq Sy \&: character to distinguish them from native properties. They may contain lowercase letters, numbers, and the following punctuation characters: colon .Pq Sy \&: , dash .Pq Sy \&- , period .Pq Sy \&. and underscore .Pq Sy \&_ . The expected convention is that the property name is divided into two portions such as .Em module Ns Sy \&: Ns Em property , but this namespace is not enforced by .Tn ZFS . User property names can be at most 256 characters, and cannot begin with a dash .Pq Sy \&- . .Pp When making programmatic use of user properties, it is strongly suggested to use a reversed .Tn DNS domain name for the .Ar module component of property names to reduce the chance that two independently-developed packages use the same property name for different purposes. Property names beginning with .Em com.sun are reserved for use by Sun Microsystems. .Pp The values of user properties are arbitrary strings, are always inherited, and are never validated. All of the commands that operate on properties .Po .Qq Nm Cm list , .Qq Nm Cm get , .Qq Nm Cm set and so forth .Pc can be used to manipulate both native properties and user properties. Use the .Qq Nm Cm inherit command to clear a user property. If the property is not defined in any parent dataset, it is removed entirely. Property values are limited to 1024 characters. .Sh SUBCOMMANDS All subcommands that modify state are logged persistently to the pool in their original form. .Bl -tag -width 2n .It Xo .Nm .Op Fl \&? .Xc .Pp Displays a help message. .It Xo .Nm .Cm create .Op Fl pu .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... .Ar filesystem .Xc .Pp Creates a new .Tn ZFS file system. The file system is automatically mounted according to the .Sy mountpoint property inherited from the parent. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl p Creates all the non-existing parent datasets. Datasets created in this manner are automatically mounted according to the .Sy mountpoint property inherited from their parent. Any property specified on the command line using the .Fl o option is ignored. If the target filesystem already exists, the operation completes successfully. .It Fl u Newly created file system is not mounted. .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Sets the specified property as if the command .Qq Nm Cm set Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value was invoked at the same time the dataset was created. Any editable .Tn ZFS property can also be set at creation time. Multiple .Fl o options can be specified. An error results if the same property is specified in multiple .Fl o options. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm create .Op Fl ps .Op Fl b Ar blocksize .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... .Fl V .Ar size volume .Xc .Pp Creates a volume of the given size. The volume is exported as a block device in .Pa /dev/zvol/path , where .Ar path is the name of the volume in the .Tn ZFS namespace. The size represents the logical size as exported by the device. By default, a reservation of equal size is created. .Pp .Ar size is automatically rounded up to the nearest 128 Kbytes to ensure that the volume has an integral number of blocks regardless of .Ar blocksize . .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl p Creates all the non-existing parent datasets. Datasets created in this manner are automatically mounted according to the .Sy mountpoint property inherited from their parent. Any property specified on the command line using the .Fl o option is ignored. If the target filesystem already exists, the operation completes successfully. .It Fl s Creates a sparse volume with no reservation. See .Sy volsize in the .Qq Sx Native Properties section for more information about sparse volumes. .It Fl b Ar blocksize Equivalent to .Fl o Cm volblocksize Ns = Ns Ar blocksize . If this option is specified in conjunction with .Fl o Cm volblocksize , the resulting behavior is undefined. .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Sets the specified property as if the .Qq Nm Cm set Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value command was invoked at the same time the dataset was created. Any editable .Tn ZFS property can also be set at creation time. Multiple .Fl o options can be specified. An error results if the same property is specified in multiple .Fl o options. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm destroy .Op Fl fnpRrv .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Xc .Pp Destroys the given dataset. By default, the command unshares any file systems that are currently shared, unmounts any file systems that are currently mounted, and refuses to destroy a dataset that has active dependents (children or clones). .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl r Recursively destroy all children. .It Fl R Recursively destroy all dependents, including cloned file systems outside the target hierarchy. .It Fl f Force an unmount of any file systems using the .Qq Nm Cm unmount Fl f command. This option has no effect on non-file systems or unmounted file systems. .It Fl n Do a dry-run ("No-op") deletion. No data will be deleted. This is useful in conjunction with the .Fl v or .Fl p flags to determine what data would be deleted. .It Fl p Print machine-parsable verbose information about the deleted data. .It Fl v Print verbose information about the deleted data. .El .Pp Extreme care should be taken when applying either the .Fl r or the .Fl R options, as they can destroy large portions of a pool and cause unexpected behavior for mounted file systems in use. .It Xo .Nm .Cm destroy .Op Fl dnpRrv .Sm off .Ar snapshot .Op % Ns Ar snapname .Op , Ns ... .Sm on .Xc .Pp The given snapshots are destroyed immediately if and only if the .Qq Nm Cm destroy command without the .Fl d option would have destroyed it. Such immediate destruction would occur, for example, if the snapshot had no clones and the user-initiated reference count were zero. .Pp If a snapshot does not qualify for immediate destruction, it is marked for deferred deletion. In this state, it exists as a usable, visible snapshot until both of the preconditions listed above are met, at which point it is destroyed. .Pp An inclusive range of snapshots may be specified by separating the first and last snapshots with a percent sign .Pq Sy % . The first and/or last snapshots may be left blank, in which case the filesystem's oldest or newest snapshot will be implied. .Pp Multiple snapshots (or ranges of snapshots) of the same filesystem or volume may be specified in a comma-separated list of snapshots. Only the snapshot's short name (the part after the .Sy @ ) should be specified when using a range or comma-separated list to identify multiple snapshots. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl r Destroy (or mark for deferred deletion) all snapshots with this name in descendent file systems. .It Fl R Recursively destroy all clones of these snapshots, including the clones, snapshots, and children. If this flag is specified, the .Fl d flag will have no effect. .It Fl n Do a dry-run ("No-op") deletion. No data will be deleted. This is useful in conjunction with the .Fl v or .Fl p flags to determine what data would be deleted. .It Fl p Print machine-parsable verbose information about the deleted data. .It Fl v Print verbose information about the deleted data. .It Fl d Defer snapshot deletion. .El .Pp Extreme care should be taken when applying either the .Fl r or the .Fl R options, as they can destroy large portions of a pool and cause unexpected behavior for mounted file systems in use. .It Xo .Nm .Cm destroy .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns # Ns Ar bookmark .Xc .Pp The given bookmark is destroyed. .It Xo .Nm .Cm snapshot Ns | Ns Cm snap .Op Fl r .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... .Ar filesystem@snapname Ns | Ns volume@snapname .Ar filesystem@snapname Ns | Ns volume@snapname Ns ... .Xc .Pp Creates snapshots with the given names. All previous modifications by successful system calls to the file system are part of the snapshots. Snapshots are taken atomically, so that all snapshots correspond to the same moment in time. See the .Qq Sx Snapshots section for details. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl r Recursively create snapshots of all descendent datasets .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Sets the specified property; see .Qq Nm Cm create for details. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm rollback .Op Fl rRf .Ar snapshot .Xc .Pp Roll back the given dataset to a previous snapshot. When a dataset is rolled back, all data that has changed since the snapshot is discarded, and the dataset reverts to the state at the time of the snapshot. By default, the command refuses to roll back to a snapshot other than the most recent one. In order to do so, all intermediate snapshots and bookmarks must be destroyed by specifying the .Fl r option. .Pp The .Fl rR options do not recursively destroy the child snapshots of a recursive snapshot. Only direct snapshots of the specified filesystem are destroyed by either of these options. To completely roll back a recursive snapshot, you must rollback the individual child snapshots. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl r Destroy any snapshots and bookmarks more recent than the one specified. .It Fl R Destroy any more recent snapshots and bookmarks, as well as any clones of those snapshots. .It Fl f Used with the .Fl R option to force an unmount of any clone file systems that are to be destroyed. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm clone .Op Fl p .Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... .Ar snapshot filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Xc .Pp Creates a clone of the given snapshot. See the .Qq Sx Clones section for details. The target dataset can be located anywhere in the .Tn ZFS hierarchy, and is created as the same type as the original. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl p Creates all the non-existing parent datasets. Datasets created in this manner are automatically mounted according to the .Sy mountpoint property inherited from their parent. If the target filesystem or volume already exists, the operation completes successfully. .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Sets the specified property; see .Qq Nm Cm create for details. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm promote .Ar clone-filesystem .Xc .Pp Promotes a clone file system to no longer be dependent on its "origin" snapshot. This makes it possible to destroy the file system that the clone was created from. The clone parent-child dependency relationship is reversed, so that the origin file system becomes a clone of the specified file system. .Pp The snapshot that was cloned, and any snapshots previous to this snapshot, are now owned by the promoted clone. The space they use moves from the origin file system to the promoted clone, so enough space must be available to accommodate these snapshots. No new space is consumed by this operation, but the space accounting is adjusted. The promoted clone must not have any conflicting snapshot names of its own. The .Cm rename subcommand can be used to rename any conflicting snapshots. .It Xo .Nm .Cm rename .Op Fl f .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot .Xc .It Xo .Nm .Cm rename .Op Fl f .Fl p .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Xc .It Xo .Nm .Cm rename .Fl u .Op Fl p .Ar filesystem filesystem .Xc .Pp Renames the given dataset. The new target can be located anywhere in the .Tn ZFS hierarchy, with the exception of snapshots. Snapshots can only be renamed within the parent file system or volume. When renaming a snapshot, the parent file system of the snapshot does not need to be specified as part of the second argument. Renamed file systems can inherit new mount points, in which case they are unmounted and remounted at the new mount point. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl p Creates all the nonexistent parent datasets. Datasets created in this manner are automatically mounted according to the .Sy mountpoint property inherited from their parent. .It Fl u Do not remount file systems during rename. If a file system's .Sy mountpoint property is set to .Cm legacy or .Cm none , file system is not unmounted even if this option is not given. .It Fl f Force unmount any filesystems that need to be unmounted in the process. This flag has no effect if used together with the .Fl u flag. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm rename .Fl r .Ar snapshot snapshot .Xc .Pp Recursively rename the snapshots of all descendent datasets. Snapshots are the only dataset that can be renamed recursively. .It Xo .Nm .Cm list .Op Fl r Ns | Ns Fl d Ar depth .Op Fl Hp .Op Fl o Ar property Ns Oo , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ... .Op Fl t Ar type Ns Oo , Ns Ar type Oc Ns ... .Oo Fl s Ar property Oc Ns ... .Oo Fl S Ar property Oc Ns ... .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot Ns ... .Xc .Pp Lists the property information for the given datasets in tabular form. If specified, you can list property information by the absolute pathname or the relative pathname. By default, all file systems and volumes are displayed. Snapshots are displayed if the .Sy listsnaps property is .Cm on (the default is .Cm off ) . The following fields are displayed, .Sy name , used , available , referenced , mountpoint . .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl r Recursively display any children of the dataset on the command line. .It Fl d Ar depth Recursively display any children of the dataset, limiting the recursion to .Ar depth . A depth of .Sy 1 will display only the dataset and its direct children. .It Fl H Used for scripting mode. Do not print headers and separate fields by a single tab instead of arbitrary white space. .It Fl p Display numbers in parsable (exact) values. .It Fl o Ar property Ns Oo , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ... A comma-separated list of properties to display. The property must be: .Bl -bullet -offset 2n .It One of the properties described in the .Qq Sx Native Properties section .It A user property .It The value .Cm name to display the dataset name .It The value .Cm space to display space usage properties on file systems and volumes. This is a shortcut for specifying .Fl o .Sy name,avail,used,usedsnap,usedds,usedrefreserv,usedchild .Fl t .Sy filesystem,volume syntax. .El .It Fl t Ar type Ns Oo , Ns Ar type Oc Ns ... A comma-separated list of types to display, where .Ar type is one of .Sy filesystem , snapshot , snap , volume , bookmark , No or Sy all . For example, specifying .Fl t Cm snapshot displays only snapshots. .It Fl s Ar property A property for sorting the output by column in ascending order based on the value of the property. The property must be one of the properties described in the .Qq Sx Properties section, or the special value .Cm name to sort by the dataset name. Multiple properties can be specified at one time using multiple .Fl s property options. Multiple .Fl s options are evaluated from left to right in decreasing order of importance. .Pp The following is a list of sorting criteria: .Bl -bullet -offset 2n .It Numeric types sort in numeric order. .It String types sort in alphabetical order. .It Types inappropriate for a row sort that row to the literal bottom, regardless of the specified ordering. .It If no sorting options are specified the existing behavior of .Qq Nm Cm list is preserved. .El .It Fl S Ar property Same as the .Fl s option, but sorts by property in descending order. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm set .Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oo Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ... .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot .Xc .Pp Sets the property or list of properties to the given value(s) for each dataset. Only some properties can be edited. See the "Properties" section for more information on what properties can be set and acceptable values. Numeric values can be specified as exact values, or in a human-readable form with a suffix of .Sy B , K , M , G , T , P , E , Z (for bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, petabytes, exabytes, or zettabytes, respectively). User properties can be set on snapshots. For more information, see the .Qq Sx User Properties section. .It Xo .Nm .Cm get .Op Fl r Ns | Ns Fl d Ar depth .Op Fl Hp .Op Fl o Ar all | field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ... .Op Fl t Ar type Ns Oo , Ns Ar type Oc Ns ... .Op Fl s Ar source Ns Oo , Ns Ar source Oc Ns ... .Ar all | property Ns Oo , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ... .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot Ns | Ns Ar bookmark Ns ... .Xc .Pp Displays properties for the given datasets. If no datasets are specified, then the command displays properties for all datasets on the system. For each property, the following columns are displayed: .Pp .Bl -hang -width "property" -offset indent -compact .It name Dataset name .It property Property name .It value Property value .It source Property source. Can either be local, default, temporary, inherited, received, or none (\&-). .El .Pp All columns except the .Sy RECEIVED column are displayed by default. The columns to display can be specified by using the .Fl o option. This command takes a comma-separated list of properties as described in the .Qq Sx Native Properties and .Qq Sx User Properties sections. .Pp The special value .Cm all can be used to display all properties that apply to the given dataset's type (filesystem, volume, snapshot, or bookmark). .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl r Recursively display properties for any children. .It Fl d Ar depth Recursively display any children of the dataset, limiting the recursion to .Ar depth . A depth of .Sy 1 will display only the dataset and its direct children. .It Fl H Display output in a form more easily parsed by scripts. Any headers are omitted, and fields are explicitly separated by a single tab instead of an arbitrary amount of space. .It Fl p Display numbers in parsable (exact) values. .It Fl o Cm all | Ar field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ... A comma-separated list of columns to display. Supported values are .Sy name,property,value,received,source . Default values are .Sy name,property,value,source . The keyword .Cm all specifies all columns. .It Fl t Ar type Ns Oo , Ns Ar type Oc Ns ... A comma-separated list of types to display, where .Ar type is one of .Sy filesystem , snapshot , volume , No or Sy all . For example, specifying .Fl t Cm snapshot displays only snapshots. .It Fl s Ar source Ns Oo , Ns Ar source Oc Ns ... A comma-separated list of sources to display. Those properties coming from a source other than those in this list are ignored. Each source must be one of the following: .Sy local,default,inherited,temporary,received,none . The default value is all sources. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm inherit .Op Fl rS .Ar property .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot Ns ... .Xc .Pp Clears the specified property, causing it to be inherited from an ancestor, restored to default if no ancestor has the property set, or with the .Fl S option reverted to the received value if one exists. See the .Qq Sx Properties section for a listing of default values, and details on which properties can be inherited. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl r Recursively inherit the given property for all children. .It Fl S Revert the property to the received value if one exists; otherwise operate as if the .Fl S option was not specified. .El +.It Xo +.Nm +.Cm remap +.Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume +.Xc +.Pp +Remap the indirect blocks in the given fileystem or volume so that they no +longer reference blocks on previously removed vdevs and we can eventually +shrink the size of the indirect mapping objects for the previously removed +vdevs. Note that remapping all blocks might not be possible and that +references from snapshots will still exist and cannot be remapped. .It Xo .Nm .Cm upgrade .Op Fl v .Xc .Pp Displays a list of file systems that are not the most recent version. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl v Displays .Tn ZFS filesystem versions supported by the current software. The current .Tn ZFS filesystem version and all previous supported versions are displayed, along with an explanation of the features provided with each version. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm upgrade .Op Fl r .Op Fl V Ar version .Fl a | Ar filesystem .Xc .Pp Upgrades file systems to a new on-disk version. Once this is done, the file systems will no longer be accessible on systems running older versions of the software. .Qq Nm Cm send streams generated from new snapshots of these file systems cannot be accessed on systems running older versions of the software. .Pp In general, the file system version is independent of the pool version. See .Xr zpool 8 for information on the .Nm zpool Cm upgrade command. .Pp In some cases, the file system version and the pool version are interrelated and the pool version must be upgraded before the file system version can be upgraded. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl r Upgrade the specified file system and all descendent file systems. .It Fl V Ar version Upgrade to the specified .Ar version . If the .Fl V flag is not specified, this command upgrades to the most recent version. This option can only be used to increase the version number, and only up to the most recent version supported by this software. .It Fl a Upgrade all file systems on all imported pools. .It Ar filesystem Upgrade the specified file system. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm userspace .Op Fl Hinp .Op Fl o Ar field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ... .Oo Fl s Ar field Oc Ns ... .Oo Fl S Ar field Oc Ns ... .Op Fl t Ar type Ns Oo , Ns Ar type Oc Ns ... .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar snapshot .Xc .Pp Displays space consumed by, and quotas on, each user in the specified filesystem or snapshot. This corresponds to the .Sy userused@ Ns Ar user and .Sy userquota@ Ns Ar user properties. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl n Print numeric ID instead of user/group name. .It Fl H Do not print headers, use tab-delimited output. .It Fl p Use exact (parsable) numeric output. .It Fl o Ar field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ... Display only the specified fields from the following set: .Sy type,name,used,quota . The default is to display all fields. .It Fl s Ar field Sort output by this field. The .Fl s and .Fl S flags may be specified multiple times to sort first by one field, then by another. The default is .Fl s Cm type Fl s Cm name . .It Fl S Ar field Sort by this field in reverse order. See .Fl s . .It Fl t Ar type Ns Oo , Ns Ar type Oc Ns ... Print only the specified types from the following set: .Sy all,posixuser,smbuser,posixgroup,smbgroup . .Pp The default is .Fl t Cm posixuser,smbuser . .Pp The default can be changed to include group types. .It Fl i Translate SID to POSIX ID. This flag currently has no effect on .Fx . .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm groupspace .Op Fl Hinp .Op Fl o Ar field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ... .Oo Fl s Ar field Oc Ns ... .Oo Fl S Ar field Oc Ns ... .Op Fl t Ar type Ns Oo , Ns Ar type Oc Ns ... .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar snapshot .Xc .Pp Displays space consumed by, and quotas on, each group in the specified filesystem or snapshot. This subcommand is identical to .Qq Nm Cm userspace , except that the default types to display are .Fl t Sy posixgroup,smbgroup . .It Xo .Nm .Cm mount .Xc .Pp Displays all .Tn ZFS file systems currently mounted. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl f .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm mount .Op Fl vO .Op Fl o Ar property Ns Oo , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ... .Fl a | Ar filesystem .Xc .Pp Mounts .Tn ZFS file systems. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl v Report mount progress. .It Fl O Perform an overlay mount. Overlay mounts are not supported on .Fx . .It Fl o Ar property Ns Oo , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ... An optional, comma-separated list of mount options to use temporarily for the duration of the mount. See the .Qq Sx Temporary Mount Point Properties section for details. .It Fl a Mount all available .Tn ZFS file systems. This command may be executed on .Fx system startup by .Pa /etc/rc.d/zfs . For more information, see variable .Va zfs_enable in .Xr rc.conf 5 . .It Ar filesystem Mount the specified filesystem. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm unmount Ns | Ns Cm umount .Op Fl f .Fl a | Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar mountpoint .Xc .Pp Unmounts currently mounted .Tn ZFS file systems. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl f Forcefully unmount the file system, even if it is currently in use. .It Fl a Unmount all available .Tn ZFS file systems. .It Ar filesystem | mountpoint Unmount the specified filesystem. The command can also be given a path to a .Tn ZFS file system mount point on the system. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm share .Fl a | Ar filesystem .Xc .Pp Shares .Tn ZFS file systems that have the .Sy sharenfs property set. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl a Share all .Tn ZFS file systems that have the .Sy sharenfs property set. This command may be executed on .Fx system startup by .Pa /etc/rc.d/zfs . For more information, see variable .Va zfs_enable in .Xr rc.conf 5 . .It Ar filesystem Share the specified filesystem according to the .Tn sharenfs property. File systems are shared when the .Tn sharenfs property is set. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm unshare .Fl a | Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar mountpoint .Xc .Pp Unshares .Tn ZFS file systems that have the .Tn sharenfs property set. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl a Unshares .Tn ZFS file systems that have the .Sy sharenfs property set. This command may be executed on .Fx system shutdown by .Pa /etc/rc.d/zfs . For more information, see variable .Va zfs_enable in .Xr rc.conf 5 . .It Ar filesystem | mountpoint Unshare the specified filesystem. The command can also be given a path to a .Tn ZFS file system shared on the system. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm bookmark .Ar snapshot .Ar bookmark .Xc .Pp Creates a bookmark of the given snapshot. Bookmarks mark the point in time when the snapshot was created, and can be used as the incremental source for a .Qq Nm Cm send command. .Pp This feature must be enabled to be used. See .Xr zpool-features 7 for details on ZFS feature flags and the .Sy bookmark feature. .It Xo .Nm .Cm send .Op Fl DLPRcenpv .Op Fl i Ar snapshot | Fl I Ar snapshot .Ar snapshot .Xc .Pp Creates a stream representation of the last .Ar snapshot argument (not part of .Fl i or .Fl I ) which is written to standard output. The output can be redirected to a file or to a different system (for example, using .Xr ssh 1 ) . By default, a full stream is generated. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl i Ar snapshot Generate an incremental stream from the first .Ar snapshot Pq the incremental source to the second .Ar snapshot Pq the incremental target . The incremental source can be specified as the last component of the snapshot name .Pq the Em @ No character and following and it is assumed to be from the same file system as the incremental target. .Pp If the destination is a clone, the source may be the origin snapshot, which must be fully specified (for example, .Cm pool/fs@origin , not just .Cm @origin ) . .It Fl I Ar snapshot Generate a stream package that sends all intermediary snapshots from the first .Ar snapshot to the second .Ar snapshot . For example, .Ic -I @a fs@d is similar to .Ic -i @a fs@b; -i @b fs@c; -i @c fs@d . The incremental source may be specified as with the .Fl i option. .It Fl R, -replicate Generate a replication stream package, which will replicate the specified filesystem, and all descendent file systems, up to the named snapshot. When received, all properties, snapshots, descendent file systems, and clones are preserved. .Pp If the .Fl i or .Fl I flags are used in conjunction with the .Fl R flag, an incremental replication stream is generated. The current values of properties, and current snapshot and file system names are set when the stream is received. If the .Fl F flag is specified when this stream is received, snapshots and file systems that do not exist on the sending side are destroyed. .It Fl D, -dedup Generate a deduplicated stream. Blocks which would have been sent multiple times in the send stream will only be sent once. The receiving system must also support this feature to receive a deduplicated stream. This flag can be used regardless of the dataset's .Sy dedup property, but performance will be much better if the filesystem uses a dedup-capable checksum (eg. .Sy sha256 ) . .It Fl L, -large-block Generate a stream which may contain blocks larger than 128KB. This flag has no effect if the .Sy large_blocks pool feature is disabled, or if the .Sy recordsize property of this filesystem has never been set above 128KB. The receiving system must have the .Sy large_blocks pool feature enabled as well. See .Xr zpool-features 7 for details on ZFS feature flags and the .Sy large_blocks feature. .It Fl e, -embed Generate a more compact stream by using WRITE_EMBEDDED records for blocks which are stored more compactly on disk by the .Sy embedded_data pool feature. This flag has no effect if the .Sy embedded_data feature is disabled. The receiving system must have the .Sy embedded_data feature enabled. If the .Sy lz4_compress feature is active on the sending system, then the receiving system must have that feature enabled as well. See .Xr zpool-features 7 for details on ZFS feature flags and the .Sy embedded_data feature. .It Fl c, -compressed Generate a more compact stream by using compressed WRITE records for blocks which are compressed on disk and in memory (see the .Sy compression property for details). If the .Sy lz4_compress feature is active on the sending system, then the receiving system must have that feature enabled as well. If the .Sy large_blocks feature is enabled on the sending system but the .Fl L option is not supplied in conjunction with .Fl c then the data will be decompressed before sending so it can be split into smaller block sizes. .It Fl p, -props Include the dataset's properties in the stream. This flag is implicit when .Fl R is specified. The receiving system must also support this feature. .It Fl n, -dryrun Do a dry-run ("No-op") send. Do not generate any actual send data. This is useful in conjunction with the .Fl v or .Fl P flags to determine what data will be sent. In this case, the verbose output will be written to standard output (contrast with a non-dry-run, where the stream is written to standard output and the verbose output goes to standard error). .It Fl P, -parsable Print machine-parsable verbose information about the stream package generated. .It Fl v, -verbose Print verbose information about the stream package generated. This information includes a per-second report of how much data has been sent. .El .Pp The format of the stream is committed. You will be able to receive your streams on future versions of .Tn ZFS . .It Xo .Nm .Cm send .Op Fl Lce .Op Fl i Ar snapshot Ns | Ns Ar bookmark .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot .Xc .Pp Generate a send stream, which may be of a filesystem, and may be incremental from a bookmark. If the destination is a filesystem or volume, the pool must be read-only, or the filesystem must not be mounted. When the stream generated from a filesystem or volume is received, the default snapshot name will be .Pq --head-- . .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl i Ar snapshot Ns | Ns bookmark Generate an incremental send stream. The incremental source must be an earlier snapshot in the destination's history. It will commonly be an earlier snapshot in the destination's filesystem, in which case it can be specified as the last component of the name .Pq the Em # No or Em @ No character and following . .Pp If the incremental target is a clone, the incremental source can be the origin snapshot, or an earlier snapshot in the origin's filesystem, or the origin's origin, etc. .It Fl L, -large-block Generate a stream which may contain blocks larger than 128KB. This flag has no effect if the .Sy large_blocks pool feature is disabled, or if the .Sy recordsize property of this filesystem has never been set above 128KB. The receiving system must have the .Sy large_blocks pool feature enabled as well. See .Xr zpool-features 7 for details on ZFS feature flags and the .Sy large_blocks feature. .It Fl c, -compressed Generate a more compact stream by using compressed WRITE records for blocks which are compressed on disk and in memory (see the .Sy compression property for details). If the .Sy lz4_compress feature is active on the sending system, then the receiving system must have that feature enabled as well. If the .Sy large_blocks feature is enabled on the sending system but the .Fl L option is not supplied in conjunction with .Fl c then the data will be decompressed before sending so it can be split into smaller block sizes. .It Fl e, -embed Generate a more compact stream by using WRITE_EMBEDDED records for blocks which are stored more compactly on disk by the .Sy embedded_data pool feature. This flag has no effect if the .Sy embedded_data feature is disabled. The receiving system must have the .Sy embedded_data feature enabled. If the .Sy lz4_compress feature is active on the sending system, then the receiving system must have that feature enabled as well. See .Xr zpool-features 7 for details on ZFS feature flags and the .Sy embedded_data feature. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm send .Op Fl Penv .Fl t .Ar receive_resume_token .Xc Creates a send stream which resumes an interrupted receive. The .Ar receive_resume_token is the value of this property on the filesystem or volume that was being received into. See the documentation for .Sy zfs receive -s for more details. .It Xo .Nm .Cm receive Ns | Ns Cm recv .Op Fl vnsFu .Op Fl o Sy origin Ns = Ns Ar snapshot .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot .Xc .It Xo .Nm .Cm receive Ns | Ns Cm recv .Op Fl vnsFu .Op Fl d | e .Op Fl o Sy origin Ns = Ns Ar snapshot .Ar filesystem .Xc .Pp Creates a snapshot whose contents are as specified in the stream provided on standard input. If a full stream is received, then a new file system is created as well. Streams are created using the .Qq Nm Cm send subcommand, which by default creates a full stream. .Qq Nm Cm recv can be used as an alias for .Qq Nm Cm receive . .Pp If an incremental stream is received, then the destination file system must already exist, and its most recent snapshot must match the incremental stream's source. For .Sy zvol Ns s, the destination device link is destroyed and recreated, which means the .Sy zvol cannot be accessed during the .Sy receive operation. .Pp When a snapshot replication package stream that is generated by using the .Qq Nm Cm send Fl R command is received, any snapshots that do not exist on the sending location are destroyed by using the .Qq Nm Cm destroy Fl d command. .Pp The name of the snapshot (and file system, if a full stream is received) that this subcommand creates depends on the argument type and the .Fl d or .Fl e option. .Pp If the argument is a snapshot name, the specified .Ar snapshot is created. If the argument is a file system or volume name, a snapshot with the same name as the sent snapshot is created within the specified .Ar filesystem or .Ar volume . If the .Fl d or .Fl e option is specified, the snapshot name is determined by appending the sent snapshot's name to the specified .Ar filesystem . If the .Fl d option is specified, all but the pool name of the sent snapshot path is appended (for example, .Sy b/c@1 appended from sent snapshot .Sy a/b/c@1 ) , and if the .Fl e option is specified, only the tail of the sent snapshot path is appended (for example, .Sy c@1 appended from sent snapshot .Sy a/b/c@1 ) . In the case of .Fl d , any file systems needed to replicate the path of the sent snapshot are created within the specified file system. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl d Use the full sent snapshot path without the first element (without pool name) to determine the name of the new snapshot as described in the paragraph above. .It Fl e Use only the last element of the sent snapshot path to determine the name of the new snapshot as described in the paragraph above. .It Fl u File system that is associated with the received stream is not mounted. .It Fl v Print verbose information about the stream and the time required to perform the receive operation. .It Fl n Do not actually receive the stream. This can be useful in conjunction with the .Fl v option to verify the name the receive operation would use. .It Fl o Sy origin Ns = Ns Ar snapshot Forces the stream to be received as a clone of the given snapshot. If the stream is a full send stream, this will create the filesystem described by the stream as a clone of the specified snapshot. Which snapshot was specified will not affect the success or failure of the receive, as long as the snapshot does exist. If the stream is an incremental send stream, all the normal verification will be performed. .It Fl F Force a rollback of the file system to the most recent snapshot before performing the receive operation. If receiving an incremental replication stream (for example, one generated by .Qq Nm Cm send Fl R Bro Fl i | Fl I Brc ) , destroy snapshots and file systems that do not exist on the sending side. .It Fl s If the receive is interrupted, save the partially received state, rather than deleting it. Interruption may be due to premature termination of the stream .Po e.g. due to network failure or failure of the remote system if the stream is being read over a network connection .Pc , a checksum error in the stream, termination of the .Nm zfs Cm receive process, or unclean shutdown of the system. .Pp The receive can be resumed with a stream generated by .Nm zfs Cm send Fl t Ar token , where the .Ar token is the value of the .Sy receive_resume_token property of the filesystem or volume which is received into. .Pp To use this flag, the storage pool must have the .Sy extensible_dataset feature enabled. See .Xr zpool-features 5 for details on ZFS feature flags. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm receive Ns | Ns Cm recv .Fl A .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Xc Abort an interrupted .Nm zfs Cm receive Fl s , deleting its saved partially received state. .It Xo .Nm .Cm allow .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Xc .Pp Displays permissions that have been delegated on the specified filesystem or volume. See the other forms of .Qq Nm Cm allow for more information. .It Xo .Nm .Cm allow .Op Fl ldug .Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Ns Oo Ns , Ns Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Oc Ns ... .Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns .Oo Ns , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Oc Ns ... .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Xc .It Xo .Nm .Cm allow .Op Fl ld .Fl e Ns | Ns Cm everyone .Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns Op Ns , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns .Ns ... .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Xc .Pp Delegates .Tn ZFS administration permission for the file systems to non-privileged users. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Xo .Op Fl ug .Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Ns Oo , Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Oc Ns ... .Xc Specifies to whom the permissions are delegated. Multiple entities can be specified as a comma-separated list. If neither of the .Fl ug options are specified, then the argument is interpreted preferentially as the keyword .Cm everyone , then as a user name, and lastly as a group name. To specify a user or group named .Qq everyone , use the .Fl u or .Fl g options. To specify a group with the same name as a user, use the .Fl g option. .It Op Fl e Ns | Ns Cm everyone Specifies that the permissions be delegated to .Qq everyone . .It Xo .Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns Oo , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Oc Ns ... .Xc The permissions to delegate. Multiple permissions may be specified as a comma-separated list. Permission names are the same as .Tn ZFS subcommand and property names. See the property list below. Property set names, which begin with an at sign .Pq Sy @ , may be specified. See the .Fl s form below for details. .It Xo .Op Fl ld .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Xc Specifies where the permissions are delegated. If neither of the .Fl ld options are specified, or both are, then the permissions are allowed for the file system or volume, and all of its descendents. If only the .Fl l option is used, then is allowed "locally" only for the specified file system. If only the .Fl d option is used, then is allowed only for the descendent file systems. .El .Pp Permissions are generally the ability to use a .Tn ZFS subcommand or change a .Tn ZFS property. The following permissions are available: .Bl -column -offset 4n "secondarycache" "subcommand" .It NAME Ta TYPE Ta NOTES .It allow Ta subcommand Ta Must Xo also have the permission that is being allowed .Xc .It clone Ta subcommand Ta Must Xo also have the 'create' ability and 'mount' ability in the origin file system .Xc .It create Ta subcommand Ta Must also have the 'mount' ability .It destroy Ta subcommand Ta Must also have the 'mount' ability .It diff Ta subcommand Ta Allows lookup of paths within a dataset given an object number, and the ability to create snapshots necessary to 'zfs diff' .It hold Ta subcommand Ta Allows adding a user hold to a snapshot .It mount Ta subcommand Ta Allows mount/umount of Tn ZFS No datasets .It promote Ta subcommand Ta Must Xo also have the 'mount' and 'promote' ability in the origin file system .Xc .It receive Ta subcommand Ta Must also have the 'mount' and 'create' ability .It release Ta subcommand Ta Allows Xo releasing a user hold which might destroy the snapshot .Xc .It rename Ta subcommand Ta Must Xo also have the 'mount' and 'create' ability in the new parent .Xc .It rollback Ta subcommand Ta Must also have the 'mount' ability .It send Ta subcommand .It share Ta subcommand Ta Allows Xo sharing file systems over the .Tn NFS protocol .Xc .It snapshot Ta subcommand Ta Must also have the 'mount' ability .It groupquota Ta other Ta Allows accessing any groupquota@... property .It groupused Ta other Ta Allows reading any groupused@... property .It userprop Ta other Ta Allows changing any user property .It userquota Ta other Ta Allows accessing any userquota@... property .It userused Ta other Ta Allows reading any userused@... property .It aclinherit Ta property .It aclmode Ta property .It atime Ta property .It canmount Ta property .It casesensitivity Ta property .It checksum Ta property .It compression Ta property .It copies Ta property .It dedup Ta property .It devices Ta property .It exec Ta property .It filesystem_limit Ta property .It logbias Ta property .It jailed Ta property .It mlslabel Ta property .It mountpoint Ta property .It nbmand Ta property .It normalization Ta property .It primarycache Ta property .It quota Ta property .It readonly Ta property .It recordsize Ta property .It refquota Ta property .It refreservation Ta property .It reservation Ta property .It secondarycache Ta property .It setuid Ta property .It sharenfs Ta property .It sharesmb Ta property .It snapdir Ta property .It snapshot_limit Ta property .It sync Ta property .It utf8only Ta property .It version Ta property .It volblocksize Ta property .It volsize Ta property .It vscan Ta property .It xattr Ta property .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm allow .Fl c .Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns Op Ns , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns .Ns ... .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Xc .Pp Sets "create time" permissions. These permissions are granted (locally) to the creator of any newly-created descendent file system. .It Xo .Nm .Cm allow .Fl s .Ar @setname .Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns Op Ns , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns .Ns ... .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Xc .Pp Defines or adds permissions to a permission set. The set can be used by other .Qq Nm Cm allow commands for the specified file system and its descendents. Sets are evaluated dynamically, so changes to a set are immediately reflected. Permission sets follow the same naming restrictions as ZFS file systems, but the name must begin with an "at sign" .Pq Sy @ , and can be no more than 64 characters long. .It Xo .Nm .Cm unallow .Op Fl rldug .Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Ns Oo Ns , Ns Ar user Ns | Ns Ar group Oc Ns ... .Oo Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns Op , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns .Ns ... Oc .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Xc .It Xo .Nm .Cm unallow .Op Fl rld .Fl e Ns | Ns Cm everyone .Oo Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns Op , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns .Ns ... Oc .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Xc .It Xo .Nm .Cm unallow .Op Fl r .Fl c .Oo Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns Op , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns .Ns ... Oc .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Xc .Pp Removes permissions that were granted with the .Qq Nm Cm allow command. No permissions are explicitly denied, so other permissions granted are still in effect. For example, if the permission is granted by an ancestor. If no permissions are specified, then all permissions for the specified .Ar user , group , No or everyone are removed. Specifying .Cm everyone .Po or using the Fl e option .Pc only removes the permissions that were granted to everyone , not all permissions for every user and group. See the .Qq Nm Cm allow command for a description of the .Fl ldugec options. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl r Recursively remove the permissions from this file system and all descendents. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm unallow .Op Fl r .Fl s .Ar @setname .Oo Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns Op , Ns Ar perm Ns | Ns Ar @setname Ns .Ns ... Oc .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume .Xc .Pp Removes permissions from a permission set. If no permissions are specified, then all permissions are removed, thus removing the set entirely. .It Xo .Nm .Cm hold .Op Fl r .Ar tag snapshot Ns ... .Xc .Pp Adds a single reference, named with the .Ar tag argument, to the specified snapshot or snapshots. Each snapshot has its own tag namespace, and tags must be unique within that space. .Pp If a hold exists on a snapshot, attempts to destroy that snapshot by using the .Qq Nm Cm destroy command returns .Em EBUSY . .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl r Specifies that a hold with the given tag is applied recursively to the snapshots of all descendent file systems. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm holds .Op Fl Hp .Op Fl r Ns | Ns Fl d Ar depth .Ar filesystem Ns | Ns Ar volume Ns | Ns Ar snapshot Ns .Ns ... .Xc .Pp Lists all existing user references for the given dataset or datasets. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl H Used for scripting mode. Do not print headers and separate fields by a single tab instead of arbitrary white space. .It Fl p Display numbers in parsable (exact) values. .It Fl r Lists the holds that are set on the descendent snapshots of the named datasets or snapshots, in addition to listing the holds on the named snapshots, if any. .It Fl d Ar depth Recursively display any holds on the named snapshots, or descendent snapshots of the named datasets or snapshots, limiting the recursion to .Ar depth . .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm release .Op Fl r .Ar tag snapshot Ns ... .Xc .Pp Removes a single reference, named with the .Ar tag argument, from the specified snapshot or snapshots. The tag must already exist for each snapshot. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl r Recursively releases a hold with the given tag on the snapshots of all descendent file systems. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm diff .Op Fl FHt .Ar snapshot .Op Ar snapshot Ns | Ns Ar filesystem .Xc .Pp Display the difference between a snapshot of a given filesystem and another snapshot of that filesystem from a later time or the current contents of the filesystem. The first column is a character indicating the type of change, the other columns indicate pathname, new pathname .Pq in case of rename , change in link count, and optionally file type and/or change time. .Pp The types of change are: .Bl -column -offset 2n indent .It \&- Ta path was removed .It \&+ Ta path was added .It \&M Ta path was modified .It \&R Ta path was renamed .El .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl F Display an indication of the type of file, in a manner similar to the .Fl F option of .Xr ls 1 . .Bl -column -offset 2n indent .It \&B Ta block device .It \&C Ta character device .It \&F Ta regular file .It \&/ Ta directory .It \&@ Ta symbolic link .It \&= Ta socket .It \&> Ta door (not supported on Fx ) .It \&| Ta named pipe (not supported on Fx ) .It \&P Ta event port (not supported on Fx ) .El .It Fl H Give more parsable tab-separated output, without header lines and without arrows. .It Fl t Display the path's inode change time as the first column of output. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm program .Op Fl n .Op Fl t Ar timeout .Op Fl m Ar memory_limit .Ar pool script .Op Ar arg1 No ... .Xc .Pp Executes .Ar script as a ZFS channel program on .Ar pool . The ZFS channel program interface allows ZFS administrative operations to be run programmatically via a Lua script. The entire script is executed atomically, with no other administrative operations taking effect concurrently. A library of ZFS calls is made available to channel program scripts. Channel programs may only be run with root privileges. .Pp For full documentation of the ZFS channel program interface, see the manual page for .Xr zfs-program 8 . .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl n Executes a read-only channel program, which runs faster. The program cannot change on-disk state by calling functions from the zfs.sync submodule. The program can be used to gather information such as properties and determining if changes would succeed (zfs.check.*). Without this flag, all pending changes must be synced to disk before a channel program can complete. .It Fl t Ar timeout Execution time limit, in milliseconds. If a channel program executes for longer than the provided timeout, it will be stopped and an error will be returned. The default timeout is 1000 ms, and can be set to a maximum of 10000 ms. .It Fl m Ar memory-limit Memory limit, in bytes. If a channel program attempts to allocate more memory than the given limit, it will be stopped and an error returned. The default memory limit is 10 MB, and can be set to a maximum of 100 MB. .Pp All remaining argument strings are passed directly to the channel program as arguments. See .Xr zfs-program 8 for more information. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm jail .Ar jailid filesystem .Xc .Pp Attaches the specified .Ar filesystem to the jail identified by JID .Ar jailid . From now on this file system tree can be managed from within a jail if the .Sy jailed property has been set. To use this functionality, the jail needs the .Va allow.mount and .Va allow.mount.zfs parameters set to 1 and the .Va enforce_statfs parameter set to a value lower than 2. .Pp See .Xr jail 8 for more information on managing jails and configuring the parameters above. .It Xo .Nm .Cm unjail .Ar jailid filesystem .Xc .Pp Detaches the specified .Ar filesystem from the jail identified by JID .Ar jailid . .El .Sh EXIT STATUS The following exit values are returned: .Bl -tag -offset 2n -width 2n .It 0 Successful completion. .It 1 An error occurred. .It 2 Invalid command line options were specified. .El .Sh EXAMPLES .Bl -tag -width 0n .It Sy Example 1 No Creating a Tn ZFS No File System Hierarchy .Pp The following commands create a file system named .Em pool/home and a file system named .Em pool/home/bob . The mount point .Pa /home is set for the parent file system, and is automatically inherited by the child file system. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs create pool/home .Li # Ic zfs set mountpoint=/home pool/home .Li # Ic zfs create pool/home/bob .Ed .It Sy Example 2 No Creating a Tn ZFS No Snapshot .Pp The following command creates a snapshot named .Sy yesterday . This snapshot is mounted on demand in the .Pa \&.zfs/snapshot directory at the root of the .Em pool/home/bob file system. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs snapshot pool/home/bob@yesterday .Ed .It Sy Example 3 No Creating and Destroying Multiple Snapshots .Pp The following command creates snapshots named .Em yesterday of .Em pool/home and all of its descendent file systems. Each snapshot is mounted on demand in the .Pa \&.zfs/snapshot directory at the root of its file system. The second command destroys the newly created snapshots. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs snapshot -r pool/home@yesterday .Li # Ic zfs destroy -r pool/home@yesterday .Ed .It Sy Example 4 No Disabling and Enabling File System Compression .Pp The following command disables the .Sy compression property for all file systems under .Em pool/home . The next command explicitly enables .Sy compression for .Em pool/home/anne . .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs set compression=off pool/home .Li # Ic zfs set compression=on pool/home/anne .Ed .It Sy Example 5 No Listing Tn ZFS No Datasets .Pp The following command lists all active file systems and volumes in the system. Snapshots are displayed if the .Sy listsnaps property is .Cm on . The default is .Cm off . See .Xr zpool 8 for more information on pool properties. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs list NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT pool 450K 457G 18K /pool pool/home 315K 457G 21K /home pool/home/anne 18K 457G 18K /home/anne pool/home/bob 276K 457G 276K /home/bob .Ed .It Sy Example 6 No Setting a Quota on a Tn ZFS No File System .Pp The following command sets a quota of 50 Gbytes for .Em pool/home/bob . .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs set quota=50G pool/home/bob .Ed .It Sy Example 7 No Listing Tn ZFS No Properties .Pp The following command lists all properties for .Em pool/home/bob . .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs get all pool/home/bob NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE pool/home/bob type filesystem - pool/home/bob creation Tue Jul 21 15:53 2009 - pool/home/bob used 21K - pool/home/bob available 20.0G - pool/home/bob referenced 21K - pool/home/bob compressratio 1.00x - pool/home/bob mounted yes - pool/home/bob quota 20G local pool/home/bob reservation none default pool/home/bob recordsize 128K default pool/home/bob mountpoint /home/bob default pool/home/bob sharenfs off default pool/home/bob checksum on default pool/home/bob compression on local pool/home/bob atime on default pool/home/bob devices on default pool/home/bob exec on default pool/home/bob filesystem_limit none default pool/home/bob setuid on default pool/home/bob readonly off default pool/home/bob jailed off default pool/home/bob snapdir hidden default pool/home/bob snapshot_limit none default pool/home/bob aclmode discard default pool/home/bob aclinherit restricted default pool/home/bob canmount on default pool/home/bob xattr on default pool/home/bob copies 1 default pool/home/bob version 5 - pool/home/bob utf8only off - pool/home/bob normalization none - pool/home/bob casesensitivity sensitive - pool/home/bob vscan off default pool/home/bob nbmand off default pool/home/bob sharesmb off default pool/home/bob refquota none default pool/home/bob refreservation none default pool/home/bob primarycache all default pool/home/bob secondarycache all default pool/home/bob usedbysnapshots 0 - pool/home/bob usedbydataset 21K - pool/home/bob usedbychildren 0 - pool/home/bob usedbyrefreservation 0 - pool/home/bob logbias latency default pool/home/bob dedup off default pool/home/bob mlslabel - pool/home/bob sync standard default pool/home/bob refcompressratio 1.00x - .Ed .Pp The following command gets a single property value. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs get -H -o value compression pool/home/bob on .Ed .Pp The following command lists all properties with local settings for .Em pool/home/bob . .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs get -s local -o name,property,value all pool/home/bob NAME PROPERTY VALUE pool/home/bob quota 20G pool/home/bob compression on .Ed .It Sy Example 8 No Rolling Back a Tn ZFS No File System .Pp The following command reverts the contents of .Em pool/home/anne to the snapshot named .Em yesterday , deleting all intermediate snapshots. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs rollback -r pool/home/anne@yesterday .Ed .It Sy Example 9 No Creating a Tn ZFS No Clone .Pp The following command creates a writable file system whose initial contents are the same as .Em pool/home/bob@yesterday . .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs clone pool/home/bob@yesterday pool/clone .Ed .It Sy Example 10 No Promoting a Tn ZFS No Clone .Pp The following commands illustrate how to test out changes to a file system, and then replace the original file system with the changed one, using clones, clone promotion, and renaming: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs create pool/project/production .Ed .Pp Populate .Pa /pool/project/production with data and continue with the following commands: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs snapshot pool/project/production@today .Li # Ic zfs clone pool/project/production@today pool/project/beta .Ed .Pp Now make changes to .Pa /pool/project/beta and continue with the following commands: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs promote pool/project/beta .Li # Ic zfs rename pool/project/production pool/project/legacy .Li # Ic zfs rename pool/project/beta pool/project/production .Ed .Pp Once the legacy version is no longer needed, it can be destroyed. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs destroy pool/project/legacy .Ed .It Sy Example 11 No Inheriting Tn ZFS No Properties .Pp The following command causes .Em pool/home/bob and .Em pool/home/anne to inherit the .Sy checksum property from their parent. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs inherit checksum pool/home/bob pool/home/anne .Ed .It Sy Example 12 No Remotely Replicating Tn ZFS No Data .Pp The following commands send a full stream and then an incremental stream to a remote machine, restoring them into .Sy poolB/received/fs@a and .Sy poolB/received/fs@b , respectively. .Sy poolB must contain the file system .Sy poolB/received , and must not initially contain .Sy poolB/received/fs . .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs send pool/fs@a | ssh host zfs receive poolB/received/fs@a .Li # Ic zfs send -i a pool/fs@b | ssh host zfs receive poolB/received/fs .Ed .It Xo .Sy Example 13 Using the .Qq zfs receive -d Option .Xc .Pp The following command sends a full stream of .Sy poolA/fsA/fsB@snap to a remote machine, receiving it into .Sy poolB/received/fsA/fsB@snap . The .Sy fsA/fsB@snap portion of the received snapshot's name is determined from the name of the sent snapshot. .Sy poolB must contain the file system .Sy poolB/received . If .Sy poolB/received/fsA does not exist, it is created as an empty file system. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs send poolA/fsA/fsB@snap | ssh host zfs receive -d poolB/received .Ed .It Sy Example 14 No Setting User Properties .Pp The following example sets the user-defined .Sy com.example:department property for a dataset. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs set com.example:department=12345 tank/accounting .Ed .It Sy Example 15 No Performing a Rolling Snapshot .Pp The following example shows how to maintain a history of snapshots with a consistent naming scheme. To keep a week's worth of snapshots, the user destroys the oldest snapshot, renames the remaining snapshots, and then creates a new snapshot, as follows: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs destroy -r pool/users@7daysago .Li # Ic zfs rename -r pool/users@6daysago @7daysago .Li # Ic zfs rename -r pool/users@5daysago @6daysago .Li # Ic zfs rename -r pool/users@4daysago @5daysago .Li # Ic zfs rename -r pool/users@3daysago @4daysago .Li # Ic zfs rename -r pool/users@2daysago @3daysago .Li # Ic zfs rename -r pool/users@yesterday @2daysago .Li # Ic zfs rename -r pool/users@today @yesterday .Li # Ic zfs snapshot -r pool/users@today .Ed .It Xo .Sy Example 16 Setting .Qq sharenfs Property Options on a ZFS File System .Xc .Pp The following command shows how to set .Sy sharenfs property options to enable root access for a specific network on the .Em tank/home file system. The contents of the .Sy sharenfs property are valid .Xr exports 5 options. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs set sharenfs="maproot=root,network 192.168.0.0/24" tank/home .Ed .Pp Another way to write this command with the same result is: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic set zfs sharenfs="-maproot=root -network 192.168.0.0/24" tank/home .Ed .It Xo .Sy Example 17 Delegating .Tn ZFS Administration Permissions on a .Tn ZFS Dataset .Xc .Pp The following example shows how to set permissions so that user .Em cindys can create, destroy, mount, and take snapshots on .Em tank/cindys . The permissions on .Em tank/cindys are also displayed. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs allow cindys create,destroy,mount,snapshot tank/cindys .Li # Ic zfs allow tank/cindys ---- Permissions on tank/cindys -------------------------------------- Local+Descendent permissions: user cindys create,destroy,mount,snapshot .Ed .It Sy Example 18 No Delegating Create Time Permissions on a Tn ZFS No Dataset .Pp The following example shows how to grant anyone in the group .Em staff to create file systems in .Em tank/users . This syntax also allows staff members to destroy their own file systems, but not destroy anyone else's file system. The permissions on .Em tank/users are also displayed. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs allow staff create,mount tank/users .Li # Ic zfs allow -c destroy tank/users .Li # Ic zfs allow tank/users ---- Permissions on tank/users --------------------------------------- Permission sets: destroy Local+Descendent permissions: group staff create,mount .Ed .It Xo .Sy Example 19 Defining and Granting a Permission Set on a .Tn ZFS Dataset .Xc .Pp The following example shows how to define and grant a permission set on the .Em tank/users file system. The permissions on .Em tank/users are also displayed. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs allow -s @pset create,destroy,snapshot,mount tank/users .Li # Ic zfs allow staff @pset tank/users .Li # Ic zfs allow tank/users ---- Permissions on tank/users --------------------------------------- Permission sets: @pset create,destroy,mount,snapshot Local+Descendent permissions: group staff @pset .Ed .It Sy Example 20 No Delegating Property Permissions on a Tn ZFS No Dataset .Pp The following example shows to grant the ability to set quotas and reservations on the .Sy users/home file system. The permissions on .Sy users/home are also displayed. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs allow cindys quota,reservation users/home .Li # Ic zfs allow users/home ---- Permissions on users/home --------------------------------------- Local+Descendent permissions: user cindys quota,reservation .Li # Ic su - cindys .Li cindys% Ic zfs set quota=10G users/home/marks .Li cindys% Ic zfs get quota users/home/marks NAME PROPERTY VALUE SOURCE users/home/marks quota 10G local .Ed .It Sy Example 21 No Removing ZFS Delegated Permissions on a Tn ZFS No Dataset .Pp The following example shows how to remove the snapshot permission from the .Em staff group on the .Em tank/users file system. The permissions on .Em tank/users are also displayed. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs unallow staff snapshot tank/users .Li # Ic zfs allow tank/users ---- Permissions on tank/users --------------------------------------- Permission sets: @pset create,destroy,mount,snapshot Local+Descendent permissions: group staff @pset .Ed .It Sy Example 22 Showing the differences between a snapshot and a ZFS Dataset .Pp The following example shows how to see what has changed between a prior snapshot of a ZFS Dataset and its current state. The .Fl F option is used to indicate type information for the files affected. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zfs diff tank/test@before tank/test M / /tank/test/ M F /tank/test/linked (+1) R F /tank/test/oldname -> /tank/test/newname - F /tank/test/deleted + F /tank/test/created M F /tank/test/modified .Ed .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr chmod 2 , .Xr fsync 2 , .Xr exports 5 , .Xr fstab 5 , .Xr rc.conf 5 , .Xr jail 8 , .Xr mount 8 , .Xr umount 8 , .Xr zpool 8 .Sh AUTHORS This manual page is a .Xr mdoc 7 reimplementation of the .Tn OpenSolaris manual page .Em zfs(1M) , modified and customized for .Fx and licensed under the Common Development and Distribution License .Pq Tn CDDL . .Pp The .Xr mdoc 7 implementation of this manual page was initially written by .An Martin Matuska Aq mm@FreeBSD.org . Index: stable/11/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/cmd/zpool/zpool-features.7 =================================================================== --- stable/11/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/cmd/zpool/zpool-features.7 (revision 332738) +++ stable/11/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/cmd/zpool/zpool-features.7 (revision 332739) @@ -1,577 +1,611 @@ '\" te .\" Copyright (c) 2012, Martin Matuska . .\" All Rights Reserved. .\" .\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the .\" Common Development and Distribution License (the "License"). .\" You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. .\" .\" You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE .\" or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing. .\" See the License for the specific language governing permissions .\" and limitations under the License. .\" .\" When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each .\" file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE. .\" If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the .\" fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying .\" information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] .\" .\" Copyright (c) 2012, 2017 by Delphix. All rights reserved. .\" Copyright (c) 2013 by Saso Kiselkov. All rights reserved. .\" Copyright (c) 2013, Joyent, Inc. All rights reserved. .\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" .Dd June 7, 2017 .Dt ZPOOL-FEATURES 7 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm zpool-features .Nd ZFS pool feature descriptions .Sh DESCRIPTION ZFS pool on\-disk format versions are specified via "features" which replace the old on\-disk format numbers (the last supported on\-disk format number is 28). To enable a feature on a pool use the .Cm upgrade subcommand of the .Xr zpool 8 command, or set the .Sy feature@feature_name property to .Ar enabled . .Pp The pool format does not affect file system version compatibility or the ability to send file systems between pools. .Pp Since most features can be enabled independently of each other the on\-disk format of the pool is specified by the set of all features marked as .Sy active on the pool. If the pool was created by another software version this set may include unsupported features. .Ss Identifying features Every feature has a guid of the form .Sy com.example:feature_name . The reverse DNS name ensures that the feature's guid is unique across all ZFS implementations. When unsupported features are encountered on a pool they will be identified by their guids. Refer to the documentation for the ZFS implementation that created the pool for information about those features. .Pp Each supported feature also has a short name. By convention a feature's short name is the portion of its guid which follows the ':' (e.g. .Sy com.example:feature_name would have the short name .Sy feature_name ), however a feature's short name may differ across ZFS implementations if following the convention would result in name conflicts. .Ss Feature states Features can be in one of three states: .Bl -tag -width "XXXXXXXX" .It Sy active This feature's on\-disk format changes are in effect on the pool. Support for this feature is required to import the pool in read\-write mode. If this feature is not read-only compatible, support is also required to import the pool in read\-only mode (see "Read\-only compatibility"). .It Sy enabled An administrator has marked this feature as enabled on the pool, but the feature's on\-disk format changes have not been made yet. The pool can still be imported by software that does not support this feature, but changes may be made to the on\-disk format at any time which will move the feature to the .Sy active state. Some features may support returning to the .Sy enabled state after becoming .Sy active . See feature\-specific documentation for details. .It Sy disabled This feature's on\-disk format changes have not been made and will not be made unless an administrator moves the feature to the .Sy enabled state. Features cannot be disabled once they have been enabled. .El .Pp The state of supported features is exposed through pool properties of the form .Sy feature@short_name . .Ss Read\-only compatibility Some features may make on\-disk format changes that do not interfere with other software's ability to read from the pool. These features are referred to as "read\-only compatible". If all unsupported features on a pool are read\-only compatible, the pool can be imported in read\-only mode by setting the .Sy readonly property during import (see .Xr zpool 8 for details on importing pools). .Ss Unsupported features For each unsupported feature enabled on an imported pool a pool property named .Sy unsupported@feature_guid will indicate why the import was allowed despite the unsupported feature. Possible values for this property are: .Bl -tag -width "XXXXXXXX" .It Sy inactive The feature is in the .Sy enabled state and therefore the pool's on\-disk format is still compatible with software that does not support this feature. .It Sy readonly The feature is read\-only compatible and the pool has been imported in read\-only mode. .El .Ss Feature dependencies Some features depend on other features being enabled in order to function properly. Enabling a feature will automatically enable any features it depends on. .Sh FEATURES The following features are supported on this system: .Bl -tag -width "XXXXXXXX" .It Sy async_destroy .Bl -column "READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE" "com.delphix:async_destroy" .It GUID Ta com.delphix:async_destroy .It READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE Ta yes .It DEPENDENCIES Ta none .El .Pp Destroying a file system requires traversing all of its data in order to return its used space to the pool. Without .Sy async_destroy the file system is not fully removed until all space has been reclaimed. If the destroy operation is interrupted by a reboot or power outage the next attempt to open the pool will need to complete the destroy operation synchronously. .Pp When .Sy async_destroy is enabled the file system's data will be reclaimed by a background process, allowing the destroy operation to complete without traversing the entire file system. The background process is able to resume interrupted destroys after the pool has been opened, eliminating the need to finish interrupted destroys as part of the open operation. The amount of space remaining to be reclaimed by the background process is available through the .Sy freeing property. .Pp This feature is only .Sy active while .Sy freeing is non\-zero. .It Sy empty_bpobj .Bl -column "READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE" "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" .It GUID Ta com.delphix:empty_bpobj .It READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE Ta yes .It DEPENDENCIES Ta none .El .Pp This feature increases the performance of creating and using a large number of snapshots of a single filesystem or volume, and also reduces the disk space required. .Pp When there are many snapshots, each snapshot uses many Block Pointer Objects .Pq bpobj's to track blocks associated with that snapshot. However, in common use cases, most of these bpobj's are empty. This feature allows us to create each bpobj on-demand, thus eliminating the empty bpobjs. .Pp This feature is .Sy active while there are any filesystems, volumes, or snapshots which were created after enabling this feature. .It Sy filesystem_limits .Bl -column "READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE" "com.joyent:filesystem_limits" .It GUID Ta com.joyent:filesystem_limits .It READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE Ta yes .It DEPENDENCIES Ta extensible_dataset .El .Pp This feature enables filesystem and snapshot limits. These limits can be used to control how many filesystems and/or snapshots can be created at the point in the tree on which the limits are set. .Pp This feature is .Sy active once either of the limit properties has been set on a dataset. Once activated the feature is never deactivated. .It Sy lz4_compress .Bl -column "READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE" "org.illumos:lz4_compress" .It GUID Ta org.illumos:lz4_compress .It READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE Ta no .It DEPENDENCIES Ta none .El .Pp .Sy lz4 is a high-performance real-time compression algorithm that features significantly faster compression and decompression as well as a higher compression ratio than the older .Sy lzjb compression. Typically, .Sy lz4 compression is approximately 50% faster on compressible data and 200% faster on incompressible data than .Sy lzjb . It is also approximately 80% faster on decompression, while giving approximately 10% better compression ratio. .Pp When the .Sy lz4_compress feature is set to .Sy enabled , the administrator can turn on .Sy lz4 compression on any dataset on the pool using the .Xr zfs 8 command. Also, all newly written metadata will be compressed with .Sy lz4 algorithm. Since this feature is not read-only compatible, this operation will render the pool unimportable on systems without support for the .Sy lz4_compress feature. Booting off of .Sy lz4 -compressed root pools is supported. .Pp This feature becomes .Sy active as soon as it is enabled and will never return to being .Sy enabled . .It Sy multi_vdev_crash_dump .Bl -column "READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE" "com.joyent:multi_vdev_crash_dump" .It GUID Ta com.joyent:multi_vdev_crash_dump .It READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE Ta no .It DEPENDENCIES Ta none .El .Pp This feature allows a dump device to be configured with a pool comprised of multiple vdevs. Those vdevs may be arranged in any mirrored or raidz configuration. .\" TODO: this is not yet supported on FreeBSD. .\" .Pp .\" When the .\" .Sy multi_vdev_crash_dump .\" feature is set to .\" .Sy enabled , .\" the administrator can use the .\" .Xr dumpon 8 .\" command to configure a .\" dump device on a pool comprised of multiple vdevs. .It Sy spacemap_histogram .Bl -column "READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE" "com.delphix:spacemap_histogram" .It GUID Ta com.delphix:spacemap_histogram .It READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE Ta yes .It DEPENDENCIES Ta none .El .Pp This features allows ZFS to maintain more information about how free space is organized within the pool. If this feature is .Sy enabled , ZFS will set this feature to .Sy active when a new space map object is created or an existing space map is upgraded to the new format. Once the feature is .Sy active , it will remain in that state until the pool is destroyed. .It Sy extensible_dataset .Bl -column "READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE" "com.delphix:extensible_dataset" .It GUID Ta com.delphix:extensible_dataset .It READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE Ta no .It DEPENDENCIES Ta none .El .Pp This feature allows more flexible use of internal ZFS data structures, and exists for other features to depend on. .Pp This feature will be .Sy active when the first dependent feature uses it, and will be returned to the .Sy enabled state when all datasets that use this feature are destroyed. .It Sy bookmarks .Bl -column "READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE" "com.delphix:bookmarks" .It GUID Ta com.delphix:bookmarks .It READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE Ta yes .It DEPENDENCIES Ta extensible_dataset .El .Pp This feature enables use of the .Nm zfs .Cm bookmark subcommand. .Pp This feature is .Sy active while any bookmarks exist in the pool. All bookmarks in the pool can be listed by running .Nm zfs .Cm list .Fl t No bookmark Fl r Ar poolname . .It Sy enabled_txg .Bl -column "READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE" "com.delphix:enabled_txg" .It GUID Ta com.delphix:enabled_txg .It READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE Ta yes .It DEPENDENCIES Ta none .El .Pp Once this feature is enabled ZFS records the transaction group number in which new features are enabled. This has no user-visible impact, but other features may depend on this feature. .Pp This feature becomes .Sy active as soon as it is enabled and will never return to being .Sy enabled . .It Sy hole_birth .Bl -column "READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE" "com.delphix:hole_birth" .It GUID Ta com.delphix:hole_birth .It READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE Ta no .It DEPENDENCIES Ta enabled_txg .El .Pp This feature improves performance of incremental sends .Pq Dq zfs send -i and receives for objects with many holes. The most common case of hole-filled objects is zvols. .Pp An incremental send stream from snapshot .Sy A to snapshot .Sy B contains information about every block that changed between .Sy A and .Sy B . Blocks which did not change between those snapshots can be identified and omitted from the stream using a piece of metadata called the 'block birth time', but birth times are not recorded for holes .Pq blocks filled only with zeroes . Since holes created after .Sy A cannot be distinguished from holes created before .Sy A , information about every hole in the entire filesystem or zvol is included in the send stream. .Pp For workloads where holes are rare this is not a problem. However, when incrementally replicating filesystems or zvols with many holes .Pq for example a zvol formatted with another filesystem a lot of time will be spent sending and receiving unnecessary information about holes that already exist on the receiving side. .Pp Once the .Sy hole_birth feature has been enabled the block birth times of all new holes will be recorded. Incremental sends between snapshots created after this feature is enabled will use this new metadata to avoid sending information about holes that already exist on the receiving side. .Pp This feature becomes .Sy active as soon as it is enabled and will never return to being .Sy enabled . .It Sy embedded_data .Bl -column "READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE" "com.delphix:embedded_data" .It GUID Ta com.delphix:embedded_data .It READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE Ta no .It DEPENDENCIES Ta none .El .Pp This feature improves the performance and compression ratio of highly-compressible blocks. Blocks whose contents can compress to 112 bytes or smaller can take advantage of this feature. .Pp When this feature is enabled, the contents of highly-compressible blocks are stored in the block "pointer" itself .Po a misnomer in this case, as it contains the compressed data, rather than a pointer to its location on disk .Pc . Thus the space of the block .Pq one sector, typically 512 bytes or 4KB is saved, and no additional i/o is needed to read and write the data block. .Pp This feature becomes .Sy active as soon as it is enabled and will never return to being .Sy enabled . .It Sy zpool_checkpoint .Bl -column "READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE" "com.delphix:zpool_checkpoint" .It GUID Ta com.delphix:zpool_checkpoint .It READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE Ta yes .It DEPENDENCIES Ta none .El .Pp This feature enables the "zpool checkpoint" subcommand that can checkpoint the state of the pool at the time it was issued and later rewind back to it or discard it. .Pp This feature becomes .Sy active when the "zpool checkpoint" command is used to checkpoint the pool. The feature will only return back to being .Sy enabled when the pool is rewound or the checkpoint has been discarded. +.It Sy device_removal +.Bl -column "READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE" "com.delphix:device_removal" +.It GUID Ta com.delphix:device_removal +.It READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE Ta no +.It DEPENDENCIES Ta none +.El +.Pp +This feature enables the "zpool remove" subcommand to remove top-level +vdevs, evacuating them to reduce the total size of the pool. +.Pp +This feature becomes +.Sy active +when the "zpool remove" command is used +on a top-level vdev, and will never return to being +.Sy enabled . +.It Sy obsolete_counts +.Bl -column "READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE" "com.delphix:obsolete_counts" +.It GUID Ta com.delphix:obsolete_counts +.It READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE Ta yes +.It DEPENDENCIES Ta device_removal +.El +.Pp +This feature is an enhancement of device_removal, which will over time +reduce the memory used to track removed devices. When indirect blocks +are freed or remapped, we note that their part of the indirect mapping +is "obsolete", i.e. no longer needed. See also the "zfs remap" +subcommand in +.Xr zfs 8 . + +This feature becomes +.Sy active +when the "zpool remove" command is +used on a top-level vdev, and will never return to being +.Sy enabled . .It Sy large_blocks .Bl -column "READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE" "org.open-zfs:large_block" .It GUID Ta org.open-zfs:large_block .It READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE Ta no .It DEPENDENCIES Ta extensible_dataset .El .Pp The .Sy large_block feature allows the record size on a dataset to be set larger than 128KB. .Pp This feature becomes .Sy active once a .Sy recordsize property has been set larger than 128KB, and will return to being .Sy enabled once all filesystems that have ever had their recordsize larger than 128KB are destroyed. .Pp Please note that booting from datasets that have recordsize greater than 128KB is .Em NOT supported by the .Fx boot loader. .It Sy sha512 .Bl -column "READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE" "org.illumos:sha512" .It GUID Ta org.illumos:sha512 .It READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE Ta no .It DEPENDENCIES Ta none .El .Pp The .Sy sha512 feature enables the use of the SHA-512/256 truncated hash algorithm .Pq FIPS 180-4 for checksum and dedup. The native 64-bit arithmetic of SHA-512 provides an approximate 50% performance boost over SHA-256 on 64-bit hardware and is thus a good minimum-change replacement candidate for systems where hash performance is important, but these systems cannot for whatever reason utilize the faster .Sy skein algorithms. .Pp When the .Sy sha512 feature is set to .Sy enabled , the administrator can turn on the .Sy sha512 checksum on any dataset using the .Dl # zfs set checksum=sha512 Ar dataset command. This feature becomes .Sy active once a .Sy checksum property has been set to .Sy sha512 , and will return to being .Sy enabled once all filesystems that have ever had their checksum set to .Sy sha512 are destroyed. .It Sy skein .Bl -column "READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE" "org.illumos:skein" .It GUID Ta org.illumos:skein .It READ\-ONLY COMPATIBLE Ta no .It DEPENDENCIES Ta none .El .Pp The .Sy skein feature enables the use of the Skein hash algorithm for checksum and dedup. Skein is a high-performance secure hash algorithm that was a finalist in the NIST SHA-3 competition. It provides a very high security margin and high performance on 64-bit hardware .Pq 80% faster than SHA-256 . This implementation also utilizes the new salted checksumming functionality in ZFS, which means that the checksum is pre-seeded with a secret 256-bit random key .Pq stored on the pool before being fed the data block to be checksummed. Thus the produced checksums are unique to a given pool, preventing hash collision attacks on systems with dedup. .Pp When the .Sy skein feature is set to .Sy enabled , the administrator can turn on the .Sy skein checksum on any dataset using the .Dl # zfs set checksum=skein Ar dataset command. This feature becomes .Sy active once a .Sy checksum property has been set to .Sy skein , and will return to being .Sy enabled once all filesystems that have ever had their checksum set to .Sy skein are destroyed. .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr zpool 8 .Sh AUTHORS This manual page is a .Xr mdoc 7 reimplementation of the .Tn illumos manual page .Em zpool-features(5) , modified and customized for .Fx and licensed under the Common Development and Distribution License .Pq Tn CDDL . .Pp The .Xr mdoc 7 implementation of this manual page was initially written by .An Martin Matuska Aq mm@FreeBSD.org . Index: stable/11/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/cmd/zpool/zpool.8 =================================================================== --- stable/11/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/cmd/zpool/zpool.8 (revision 332738) +++ stable/11/cddl/contrib/opensolaris/cmd/zpool/zpool.8 (revision 332739) @@ -1,2157 +1,2207 @@ '\" te .\" Copyright (c) 2012, Martin Matuska . .\" Copyright (c) 2013-2014, Xin Li . .\" All Rights Reserved. .\" .\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the .\" Common Development and Distribution License (the "License"). .\" You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. .\" .\" You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE .\" or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing. .\" See the License for the specific language governing permissions .\" and limitations under the License. .\" .\" When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each .\" file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE. .\" If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the .\" fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying .\" information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] .\" .\" Copyright (c) 2010, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. .\" Copyright (c) 2011, Justin T. Gibbs .\" Copyright (c) 2012, Glen Barber -.\" Copyright (c) 2013 by Delphix. All Rights Reserved. +.\" Copyright (c) 2012, 2017 by Delphix. All Rights Reserved. .\" Copyright 2017 Nexenta Systems, Inc. .\" Copyright (c) 2017 Datto Inc. .\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" .Dd September 08, 2017 .Dt ZPOOL 8 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm zpool .Nd configures ZFS storage pools .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl \&? .Nm .Cm add .Op Fl fn .Ar pool vdev ... .Nm .Cm attach .Op Fl f .Ar pool device new_device .Nm .Cm checkpoint .Op Fl d, -discard .Ar pool .Nm .Cm clear .Op Fl F Op Fl n .Ar pool .Op Ar device .Nm .Cm create .Op Fl fnd .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Op Fl O Ar file-system-property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Op Fl m Ar mountpoint .Op Fl R Ar root .Ar pool vdev ... .Nm .Cm destroy .Op Fl f .Ar pool .Nm .Cm detach .Ar pool device .Nm .Cm export .Op Fl f .Ar pool ... .Nm .Cm get .Op Fl Hp .Op Fl o Ar field Ns Op , Ns Ar ... .Ar all | property Ns Op , Ns Ar ... .Ar pool ... .Nm .Cm history .Op Fl il .Op Ar pool .Ar ... .Nm .Cm import .Op Fl d Ar dir | Fl c Ar cachefile .Op Fl D .Nm .Cm import .Op Fl o Ar mntopts .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Op Fl -rewind-to-checkpoint .Op Fl d Ar dir | Fl c Ar cachefile .Op Fl D .Op Fl f .Op Fl m .Op Fl N .Op Fl R Ar root .Op Fl F Op Fl n .Fl a .Nm .Cm import .Op Fl o Ar mntopts .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Op Fl -rewind-to-checkpoint .Op Fl d Ar dir | Fl c Ar cachefile .Op Fl D .Op Fl f .Op Fl m .Op Fl N .Op Fl R Ar root .Op Fl F Op Fl n .Ar pool | id .Op Ar newpool .Nm .Cm iostat .Op Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u .Op Fl v .Op Ar pool .Ar ... .Nm .Cm labelclear .Op Fl f .Ar device .Nm .Cm list .Op Fl Hpv .Op Fl o Ar property Ns Op , Ns Ar ... .Op Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u .Op Ar pool .Ar ... .Op Ar inverval Op Ar count .Nm .Cm offline .Op Fl t .Ar pool device ... .Nm .Cm online .Op Fl e .Ar pool device ... .Nm .Cm reguid .Ar pool .Nm .Cm remove +.Op Fl np .Ar pool device ... .Nm +.Cm remove +.Fl s +.Ar pool +.Nm .Cm reopen .Ar pool .Nm .Cm replace .Op Fl f .Ar pool device .Op Ar new_device .Nm .Cm scrub .Op Fl s | Fl p .Ar pool ... .Nm .Cm set .Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value pool .Nm .Cm split .Op Fl n .Op Fl R Ar altroot .Op Fl o Ar mntopts .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar pool newpool .Op Ar device ... .Nm .Cm status .Op Fl vx .Op Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u .Op Ar pool .Ar ... .Op Ar interval Op Ar count .Nm .Cm upgrade .Op Fl v .Nm .Cm upgrade .Op Fl V Ar version .Fl a | Ar pool ... .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm command configures .Tn ZFS storage pools. A storage pool is a collection of devices that provides physical storage and data replication for .Tn ZFS datasets. .Pp All datasets within a storage pool share the same space. See .Xr zfs 8 for information on managing datasets. .Ss Virtual Devices (vdevs) A .Qq virtual device .Pq No vdev describes a single device or a collection of devices organized according to certain performance and fault characteristics. The following virtual devices are supported: .Bl -tag -width "XXXXXX" .It Sy disk A block device, typically located under .Pa /dev . .Tn ZFS can use individual slices or partitions, though the recommended mode of operation is to use whole disks. A disk can be specified by a full path to the device or the .Xr geom 4 provider name. When given a whole disk, .Tn ZFS automatically labels the disk, if necessary. .It Sy file A regular file. The use of files as a backing store is strongly discouraged. It is designed primarily for experimental purposes, as the fault tolerance of a file is only as good the file system of which it is a part. A file must be specified by a full path. .It Sy mirror A mirror of two or more devices. Data is replicated in an identical fashion across all components of a mirror. A mirror with .Em N disks of size .Em X can hold .Em X bytes and can withstand .Pq Em N-1 devices failing before data integrity is compromised. .It Sy raidz (or .Sy raidz1 raidz2 raidz3 ) . A variation on .Sy RAID-5 that allows for better distribution of parity and eliminates the .Qq Sy RAID-5 write hole (in which data and parity become inconsistent after a power loss). Data and parity is striped across all disks within a .No raidz group. .Pp A .No raidz group can have single-, double- , or triple parity, meaning that the .No raidz group can sustain one, two, or three failures, respectively, without losing any data. The .Sy raidz1 No vdev type specifies a single-parity .No raidz group; the .Sy raidz2 No vdev type specifies a double-parity .No raidz group; and the .Sy raidz3 No vdev type specifies a triple-parity .No raidz group. The .Sy raidz No vdev type is an alias for .Sy raidz1 . .Pp A .No raidz group with .Em N disks of size .Em X with .Em P parity disks can hold approximately .Sm off .Pq Em N-P *X .Sm on bytes and can withstand .Em P device(s) failing before data integrity is compromised. The minimum number of devices in a .No raidz group is one more than the number of parity disks. The recommended number is between 3 and 9 to help increase performance. .It Sy spare A special .No pseudo- Ns No vdev which keeps track of available hot spares for a pool. For more information, see the .Qq Sx Hot Spares section. .It Sy log A separate-intent log device. If more than one log device is specified, then writes are load-balanced between devices. Log devices can be mirrored. However, .No raidz .No vdev types are not supported for the intent log. For more information, see the .Qq Sx Intent Log section. .It Sy cache A device used to cache storage pool data. A cache device cannot be configured as a mirror or .No raidz group. For more information, see the .Qq Sx Cache Devices section. .El .Pp Virtual devices cannot be nested, so a mirror or .No raidz virtual device can only contain files or disks. Mirrors of mirrors (or other combinations) are not allowed. .Pp A pool can have any number of virtual devices at the top of the configuration (known as .Qq root .No vdev Ns s). Data is dynamically distributed across all top-level devices to balance data among devices. As new virtual devices are added, .Tn ZFS automatically places data on the newly available devices. .Pp Virtual devices are specified one at a time on the command line, separated by whitespace. The keywords .Qq mirror and .Qq raidz are used to distinguish where a group ends and another begins. For example, the following creates two root .No vdev Ns s, each a mirror of two disks: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create mypool mirror da0 da1 mirror da2 da3 .Ed .Ss Device Failure and Recovery .Tn ZFS supports a rich set of mechanisms for handling device failure and data corruption. All metadata and data is checksummed, and .Tn ZFS automatically repairs bad data from a good copy when corruption is detected. .Pp In order to take advantage of these features, a pool must make use of some form of redundancy, using either mirrored or .No raidz groups. While .Tn ZFS supports running in a non-redundant configuration, where each root .No vdev is simply a disk or file, this is strongly discouraged. A single case of bit corruption can render some or all of your data unavailable. .Pp A pool's health status is described by one of three states: online, degraded, or faulted. An online pool has all devices operating normally. A degraded pool is one in which one or more devices have failed, but the data is still available due to a redundant configuration. A faulted pool has corrupted metadata, or one or more faulted devices, and insufficient replicas to continue functioning. .Pp The health of the top-level .No vdev , such as mirror or .No raidz device, is potentially impacted by the state of its associated .No vdev Ns s, or component devices. A top-level .No vdev or component device is in one of the following states: .Bl -tag -width "DEGRADED" .It Sy DEGRADED One or more top-level .No vdev Ns s is in the degraded state because one or more component devices are offline. Sufficient replicas exist to continue functioning. .Pp One or more component devices is in the degraded or faulted state, but sufficient replicas exist to continue functioning. The underlying conditions are as follows: .Bl -bullet -offset 2n .It The number of checksum errors exceeds acceptable levels and the device is degraded as an indication that something may be wrong. .Tn ZFS continues to use the device as necessary. .It The number of .Tn I/O errors exceeds acceptable levels. The device could not be marked as faulted because there are insufficient replicas to continue functioning. .El .It Sy FAULTED One or more top-level .No vdev Ns s is in the faulted state because one or more component devices are offline. Insufficient replicas exist to continue functioning. .Pp One or more component devices is in the faulted state, and insufficient replicas exist to continue functioning. The underlying conditions are as follows: .Bl -bullet -offset 2n .It The device could be opened, but the contents did not match expected values. .It The number of .Tn I/O errors exceeds acceptable levels and the device is faulted to prevent further use of the device. .El .It Sy OFFLINE The device was explicitly taken offline by the .Qq Nm Cm offline command. .It Sy ONLINE The device is online and functioning. .It Sy REMOVED The device was physically removed while the system was running. Device removal detection is hardware-dependent and may not be supported on all platforms. .It Sy UNAVAIL The device could not be opened. If a pool is imported when a device was unavailable, then the device will be identified by a unique identifier instead of its path since the path was never correct in the first place. .El .Pp If a device is removed and later reattached to the system, .Tn ZFS attempts to put the device online automatically. Device attach detection is hardware-dependent and might not be supported on all platforms. .Ss Hot Spares .Tn ZFS allows devices to be associated with pools as .Qq hot spares . These devices are not actively used in the pool, but when an active device fails, it is automatically replaced by a hot spare. To create a pool with hot spares, specify a .Qq spare .No vdev with any number of devices. For example, .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create pool mirror da0 da1 spare da2 da3 .Ed .Pp Spares can be shared across multiple pools, and can be added with the .Qq Nm Cm add command and removed with the .Qq Nm Cm remove command. Once a spare replacement is initiated, a new "spare" .No vdev is created within the configuration that will remain there until the original device is replaced. At this point, the hot spare becomes available again if another device fails. .Pp If a pool has a shared spare that is currently being used, the pool can not be exported since other pools may use this shared spare, which may lead to potential data corruption. .Pp An in-progress spare replacement can be cancelled by detaching the hot spare. If the original faulted device is detached, then the hot spare assumes its place in the configuration, and is removed from the spare list of all active pools. .Pp Spares cannot replace log devices. .Pp This feature requires a userland helper. FreeBSD provides .Xr zfsd 8 for this purpose. It must be manually enabled by adding .Va zfsd_enable="YES" to .Pa /etc/rc.conf . .Ss Intent Log The .Tn ZFS Intent Log .Pq Tn ZIL satisfies .Tn POSIX requirements for synchronous transactions. For instance, databases often require their transactions to be on stable storage devices when returning from a system call. .Tn NFS and other applications can also use .Xr fsync 2 to ensure data stability. By default, the intent log is allocated from blocks within the main pool. However, it might be possible to get better performance using separate intent log devices such as .Tn NVRAM or a dedicated disk. For example: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create pool da0 da1 log da2 .Ed .Pp Multiple log devices can also be specified, and they can be mirrored. See the .Sx EXAMPLES section for an example of mirroring multiple log devices. .Pp Log devices can be added, replaced, attached, detached, imported and exported -as part of the larger pool. Mirrored log devices can be removed by specifying -the top-level mirror for the log. +as part of the larger pool. +Mirrored devices can be removed by specifying the top-level mirror vdev. .Ss Cache devices Devices can be added to a storage pool as "cache devices." These devices provide an additional layer of caching between main memory and disk. For read-heavy workloads, where the working set size is much larger than what can be cached in main memory, using cache devices allow much more of this working set to be served from low latency media. Using cache devices provides the greatest performance improvement for random read-workloads of mostly static content. .Pp To create a pool with cache devices, specify a "cache" .No vdev with any number of devices. For example: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create pool da0 da1 cache da2 da3 .Ed .Pp Cache devices cannot be mirrored or part of a .No raidz configuration. If a read error is encountered on a cache device, that read .Tn I/O is reissued to the original storage pool device, which might be part of a mirrored or .No raidz configuration. .Pp The content of the cache devices is considered volatile, as is the case with other system caches. .Ss Pool checkpoint Before starting critical procedures that include destructive actions (e.g .Nm zfs Cm destroy ), an administrator can checkpoint the pool's state and in the case of a mistake or failure, rewind the entire pool back to the checkpoint. Otherwise, the checkpoint can be discarded when the procedure has completed successfully. .Pp A pool checkpoint can be thought of as a pool-wide snapshot and should be used with care as it contains every part of the pool's state, from properties to vdev configuration. Thus, while a pool has a checkpoint certain operations are not allowed. Specifically, vdev removal/attach/detach, mirror splitting, and changing the pool's guid. Adding a new vdev is supported but in the case of a rewind it will have to be added again. Finally, users of this feature should keep in mind that scrubs in a pool that has a checkpoint do not repair checkpointed data. .Pp To create a checkpoint for a pool: .Bd -literal # zpool checkpoint pool .Ed .Pp To later rewind to its checkpointed state, you need to first export it and then rewind it during import: .Bd -literal # zpool export pool # zpool import --rewind-to-checkpoint pool .Ed .Pp To discard the checkpoint from a pool: .Bd -literal # zpool checkpoint -d pool .Ed .Pp Dataset reservations (controlled by the .Nm reservation or .Nm refreservation zfs properties) may be unenforceable while a checkpoint exists, because the checkpoint is allowed to consume the dataset's reservation. Finally, data that is part of the checkpoint but has been freed in the current state of the pool won't be scanned during a scrub. .Ss Properties Each pool has several properties associated with it. Some properties are read-only statistics while others are configurable and change the behavior of the pool. The following are read-only properties: .Bl -tag -width "dedupratio" .It Sy alloc Amount of storage space within the pool that has been physically allocated. .It Sy capacity Percentage of pool space used. This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, "cap". .It Sy comment A text string consisting of printable ASCII characters that will be stored such that it is available even if the pool becomes faulted. An administrator can provide additional information about a pool using this property. .It Sy dedupratio The deduplication ratio specified for a pool, expressed as a multiplier. For example, a .Sy dedupratio value of 1.76 indicates that 1.76 units of data were stored but only 1 unit of disk space was actually consumed. See .Xr zfs 8 for a description of the deduplication feature. .It Sy expandsize Amount of uninitialized space within the pool or device that can be used to increase the total capacity of the pool. Uninitialized space consists of any space on an EFI labeled vdev which has not been brought online .Pq i.e. zpool online -e . This space occurs when a LUN is dynamically expanded. .It Sy fragmentation The amount of fragmentation in the pool. .It Sy free Number of blocks within the pool that are not allocated. .It Sy freeing After a file system or snapshot is destroyed, the space it was using is returned to the pool asynchronously. .Sy freeing is the amount of space remaining to be reclaimed. Over time .Sy freeing will decrease while .Sy free increases. .It Sy guid A unique identifier for the pool. .It Sy health The current health of the pool. Health can be .Qq Sy ONLINE , .Qq Sy DEGRADED , .Qq Sy FAULTED , .Qq Sy OFFLINE , .Qq Sy REMOVED , or .Qq Sy UNAVAIL . .It Sy size Total size of the storage pool. .It Sy unsupported@ Ns Ar feature_guid Information about unsupported features that are enabled on the pool. See .Xr zpool-features 7 for details. .It Sy used Amount of storage space used within the pool. .El .Pp The space usage properties report actual physical space available to the storage pool. The physical space can be different from the total amount of space that any contained datasets can actually use. The amount of space used in a .No raidz configuration depends on the characteristics of the data being written. In addition, .Tn ZFS reserves some space for internal accounting that the .Xr zfs 8 command takes into account, but the .Xr zpool 8 command does not. For non-full pools of a reasonable size, these effects should be invisible. For small pools, or pools that are close to being completely full, these discrepancies may become more noticeable. .Pp The following property can be set at creation time and import time: .Bl -tag -width 2n .It Sy altroot Alternate root directory. If set, this directory is prepended to any mount points within the pool. This can be used when examining an unknown pool where the mount points cannot be trusted, or in an alternate boot environment, where the typical paths are not valid. .Sy altroot is not a persistent property. It is valid only while the system is up. Setting .Sy altroot defaults to using .Cm cachefile=none , though this may be overridden using an explicit setting. .El .Pp The following property can only be set at import time: .Bl -tag -width 2n .It Sy readonly Ns = Ns Cm on No | Cm off If set to .Cm on , pool will be imported in read-only mode with the following restrictions: .Bl -bullet -offset 2n .It Synchronous data in the intent log will not be accessible .It Properties of the pool can not be changed .It Datasets of this pool can only be mounted read-only .It To write to a read-only pool, a export and import of the pool is required. .El .Pp This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, .Sy rdonly . .El .Pp The following properties can be set at creation time and import time, and later changed with the .Ic zpool set command: .Bl -tag -width 2n .It Sy autoexpand Ns = Ns Cm on No | Cm off Controls automatic pool expansion when the underlying LUN is grown. If set to .Qq Cm on , the pool will be resized according to the size of the expanded device. If the device is part of a mirror or .No raidz then all devices within that .No mirror/ Ns No raidz group must be expanded before the new space is made available to the pool. The default behavior is .Qq off . This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, .Sy expand . .It Sy autoreplace Ns = Ns Cm on No | Cm off Controls automatic device replacement. If set to .Qq Cm off , device replacement must be initiated by the administrator by using the .Qq Nm Cm replace command. If set to .Qq Cm on , any new device, found in the same physical location as a device that previously belonged to the pool, is automatically formatted and replaced. The default behavior is .Qq Cm off . This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name, "replace". .It Sy bootfs Ns = Ns Ar pool Ns / Ns Ar dataset Identifies the default bootable dataset for the root pool. This property is expected to be set mainly by the installation and upgrade programs. .It Sy cachefile Ns = Ns Ar path No | Cm none Controls the location of where the pool configuration is cached. Discovering all pools on system startup requires a cached copy of the configuration data that is stored on the root file system. All pools in this cache are automatically imported when the system boots. Some environments, such as install and clustering, need to cache this information in a different location so that pools are not automatically imported. Setting this property caches the pool configuration in a different location that can later be imported with .Qq Nm Cm import Fl c . Setting it to the special value .Qq Cm none creates a temporary pool that is never cached, and the special value .Cm '' (empty string) uses the default location. .It Sy comment Ns = Ns Ar text A text string consisting of printable ASCII characters that will be stored such that it is available even if the pool becomes faulted. An administrator can provide additional information about a pool using this property. .It Sy dedupditto Ns = Ns Ar number Threshold for the number of block ditto copies. If the reference count for a deduplicated block increases above this number, a new ditto copy of this block is automatically stored. Default setting is .Cm 0 which causes no ditto copies to be created for deduplicated blocks. The miniumum legal nonzero setting is 100. .It Sy delegation Ns = Ns Cm on No | Cm off Controls whether a non-privileged user is granted access based on the dataset permissions defined on the dataset. See .Xr zfs 8 for more information on .Tn ZFS delegated administration. .It Sy failmode Ns = Ns Cm wait No | Cm continue No | Cm panic Controls the system behavior in the event of catastrophic pool failure. This condition is typically a result of a loss of connectivity to the underlying storage device(s) or a failure of all devices within the pool. The behavior of such an event is determined as follows: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Sy wait Blocks all .Tn I/O access until the device connectivity is recovered and the errors are cleared. This is the default behavior. .It Sy continue Returns .Em EIO to any new write .Tn I/O requests but allows reads to any of the remaining healthy devices. Any write requests that have yet to be committed to disk would be blocked. .It Sy panic Prints out a message to the console and generates a system crash dump. .El .It Sy feature@ Ns Ar feature_name Ns = Ns Sy enabled The value of this property is the current state of .Ar feature_name . The only valid value when setting this property is .Sy enabled which moves .Ar feature_name to the enabled state. See .Xr zpool-features 7 for details on feature states. .It Sy listsnaps Ns = Ns Cm on No | Cm off Controls whether information about snapshots associated with this pool is output when .Qq Nm zfs Cm list is run without the .Fl t option. The default value is .Cm off . .It Sy version Ns = Ns Ar version The current on-disk version of the pool. This can be increased, but never decreased. The preferred method of updating pools is with the .Qq Nm Cm upgrade command, though this property can be used when a specific version is needed for backwards compatibility. Once feature flags is enabled on a pool this property will no longer have a value. .El .Sh SUBCOMMANDS All subcommands that modify state are logged persistently to the pool in their original form. .Pp The .Nm command provides subcommands to create and destroy storage pools, add capacity to storage pools, and provide information about the storage pools. The following subcommands are supported: .Bl -tag -width 2n .It Xo .Nm .Op Fl \&? .Xc .Pp Displays a help message. .It Xo .Nm .Cm add .Op Fl fn .Ar pool vdev ... .Xc .Pp Adds the specified virtual devices to the given pool. The .No vdev specification is described in the .Qq Sx Virtual Devices section. The behavior of the .Fl f option, and the device checks performed are described in the .Qq Nm Cm create subcommand. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl f Forces use of .Ar vdev , even if they appear in use or specify a conflicting replication level. Not all devices can be overridden in this manner. .It Fl n Displays the configuration that would be used without actually adding the .Ar vdev Ns s. The actual pool creation can still fail due to insufficient privileges or device sharing. .Pp Do not add a disk that is currently configured as a quorum device to a zpool. After a disk is in the pool, that disk can then be configured as a quorum device. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm attach .Op Fl f .Ar pool device new_device .Xc .Pp Attaches .Ar new_device to an existing .Sy zpool device. The existing device cannot be part of a .No raidz configuration. If .Ar device is not currently part of a mirrored configuration, .Ar device automatically transforms into a two-way mirror of .Ar device No and Ar new_device . If .Ar device is part of a two-way mirror, attaching .Ar new_device creates a three-way mirror, and so on. In either case, .Ar new_device begins to resilver immediately. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl f Forces use of .Ar new_device , even if its appears to be in use. Not all devices can be overridden in this manner. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm checkpoint .Op Fl d, -discard .Ar pool .Xc Checkpoints the current state of .Ar pool , which can be later restored by .Nm zpool Cm import --rewind-to-checkpoint . The existence of a checkpoint in a pool prohibits the following .Nm zpool commands: .Cm remove , .Cm attach , .Cm detach , .Cm split , and .Cm reguid . In addition, it may break reservation boundaries if the pool lacks free space. The .Nm zpool Cm status command indicates the existence of a checkpoint or the progress of discarding a checkpoint from a pool. The .Nm zpool Cm list command reports how much space the checkpoint takes from the pool. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl d, -discard Discards an existing checkpoint from .Ar pool . .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm clear .Op Fl F Op Fl n .Ar pool .Op Ar device .Xc .Pp Clears device errors in a pool. If no arguments are specified, all device errors within the pool are cleared. If one or more devices is specified, only those errors associated with the specified device or devices are cleared. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl F Initiates recovery mode for an unopenable pool. Attempts to discard the last few transactions in the pool to return it to an openable state. Not all damaged pools can be recovered by using this option. If successful, the data from the discarded transactions is irretrievably lost. .It Fl n Used in combination with the .Fl F flag. Check whether discarding transactions would make the pool openable, but do not actually discard any transactions. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm create .Op Fl fnd .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Op Fl O Ar file-system-property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Op Fl m Ar mountpoint .Op Fl R Ar root .Ar pool vdev ... .Xc .Pp Creates a new storage pool containing the virtual devices specified on the command line. The pool name must begin with a letter, and can only contain alphanumeric characters as well as underscore ("_"), dash ("-"), and period ("."). The pool names "mirror", "raidz", "spare" and "log" are reserved, as are names beginning with the pattern "c[0-9]". The .No vdev specification is described in the .Qq Sx Virtual Devices section. .Pp The command verifies that each device specified is accessible and not currently in use by another subsystem. There are some uses, such as being currently mounted, or specified as the dedicated dump device, that prevents a device from ever being used by .Tn ZFS Other uses, such as having a preexisting .Sy UFS file system, can be overridden with the .Fl f option. .Pp The command also checks that the replication strategy for the pool is consistent. An attempt to combine redundant and non-redundant storage in a single pool, or to mix disks and files, results in an error unless .Fl f is specified. The use of differently sized devices within a single .No raidz or mirror group is also flagged as an error unless .Fl f is specified. .Pp Unless the .Fl R option is specified, the default mount point is .Qq Pa /pool . The mount point must not exist or must be empty, or else the root dataset cannot be mounted. This can be overridden with the .Fl m option. .Pp By default all supported features are enabled on the new pool unless the .Fl d option is specified. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl f Forces use of .Ar vdev Ns s, even if they appear in use or specify a conflicting replication level. Not all devices can be overridden in this manner. .It Fl n Displays the configuration that would be used without actually creating the pool. The actual pool creation can still fail due to insufficient privileges or device sharing. .It Fl d Do not enable any features on the new pool. Individual features can be enabled by setting their corresponding properties to .Sy enabled with the .Fl o option. See .Xr zpool-features 7 for details about feature properties. .It Xo .Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Xc Sets the given pool properties. See the .Qq Sx Properties section for a list of valid properties that can be set. .It Xo .Fl O .Ar file-system-property Ns = Ns Ar value .Op Fl O Ar file-system-property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Xc Sets the given file system properties in the root file system of the pool. See .Xr zfs 8 Properties for a list of valid properties that can be set. .It Fl R Ar root Equivalent to .Qq Fl o Cm cachefile=none,altroot= Ns Pa root .It Fl m Ar mountpoint Sets the mount point for the root dataset. The default mount point is .Qq Pa /pool or .Qq Cm altroot Ns Pa /pool if .Sy altroot is specified. The mount point must be an absolute path, .Qq Cm legacy , or .Qq Cm none . For more information on dataset mount points, see .Xr zfs 8 . .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm destroy .Op Fl f .Ar pool .Xc .Pp Destroys the given pool, freeing up any devices for other use. This command tries to unmount any active datasets before destroying the pool. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl f Forces any active datasets contained within the pool to be unmounted. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm detach .Ar pool device .Xc .Pp Detaches .Ar device from a mirror. The operation is refused if there are no other valid replicas of the data. .It Xo .Nm .Cm export .Op Fl f .Ar pool ... .Xc .Pp Exports the given pools from the system. All devices are marked as exported, but are still considered in use by other subsystems. The devices can be moved between systems (even those of different endianness) and imported as long as a sufficient number of devices are present. .Pp Before exporting the pool, all datasets within the pool are unmounted. A pool can not be exported if it has a shared spare that is currently being used. .Pp For pools to be portable, you must give the .Nm command whole disks, not just slices, so that .Tn ZFS can label the disks with portable .Sy EFI labels. Otherwise, disk drivers on platforms of different endianness will not recognize the disks. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl f Forcefully unmount all datasets, using the .Qq Nm unmount Fl f command. .Pp This command will forcefully export the pool even if it has a shared spare that is currently being used. This may lead to potential data corruption. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm get .Op Fl Hp .Op Fl o Ar field Ns Op , Ns Ar ... .Ar all | property Ns Op , Ns Ar ... .Ar pool ... .Xc .Pp Retrieves the given list of properties (or all properties if .Qq Cm all is used) for the specified storage pool(s). These properties are displayed with the following fields: .Bl -column -offset indent "property" .It name Ta Name of storage pool .It property Ta Property name .It value Ta Property value .It source Ta Property source, either 'default' or 'local'. .El .Pp See the .Qq Sx Properties section for more information on the available pool properties. .It Fl H Scripted mode. Do not display headers, and separate fields by a single tab instead of arbitrary space. .It Fl p Display numbers in parsable (exact) values. .It Fl o Ar field A comma-separated list of columns to display. .Sy name Ns , Ns .Sy property Ns , Ns .Sy value Ns , Ns .Sy source is the default value. .It Xo .Nm .Cm history .Op Fl il .Op Ar pool .Ar ... .Xc .Pp Displays the command history of the specified pools or all pools if no pool is specified. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl i Displays internally logged .Tn ZFS events in addition to user initiated events. .It Fl l Displays log records in long format, which in addition to standard format includes, the user name, the hostname, and the zone in which the operation was performed. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm import .Op Fl d Ar dir | Fl c Ar cachefile .Op Fl D .Xc .Pp Lists pools available to import. If the .Fl d option is not specified, this command searches for devices in .Qq Pa /dev . The .Fl d option can be specified multiple times, and all directories are searched. If the device appears to be part of an exported pool, this command displays a summary of the pool with the name of the pool, a numeric identifier, as well as the .No vdev layout and current health of the device for each device or file. Destroyed pools, pools that were previously destroyed with the .Qq Nm Cm destroy command, are not listed unless the .Fl D option is specified. .Pp The numeric identifier is unique, and can be used instead of the pool name when multiple exported pools of the same name are available. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl c Ar cachefile Reads configuration from the given .Ar cachefile that was created with the .Qq Sy cachefile pool property. This .Ar cachefile is used instead of searching for devices. .It Fl d Ar dir Searches for devices or files in .Ar dir . The .Fl d option can be specified multiple times. .It Fl D Lists destroyed pools only. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm import .Op Fl o Ar mntopts .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Op Fl d Ar dir | Fl c Ar cachefile .Op Fl D .Op Fl f .Op Fl m .Op Fl N .Op Fl R Ar root .Op Fl F Op Fl n .Fl a .Xc .Pp Imports all pools found in the search directories. Identical to the previous command, except that all pools with a sufficient number of devices available are imported. Destroyed pools, pools that were previously destroyed with the .Qq Nm Cm destroy command, will not be imported unless the .Fl D option is specified. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl o Ar mntopts Comma-separated list of mount options to use when mounting datasets within the pool. See .Xr zfs 8 for a description of dataset properties and mount options. .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Sets the specified property on the imported pool. See the .Qq Sx Properties section for more information on the available pool properties. .It Fl c Ar cachefile Reads configuration from the given .Ar cachefile that was created with the .Qq Sy cachefile pool property. This .Ar cachefile is used instead of searching for devices. .It Fl d Ar dir Searches for devices or files in .Ar dir . The .Fl d option can be specified multiple times. This option is incompatible with the .Fl c option. .It Fl D Imports destroyed pools only. The .Fl f option is also required. .It Fl f Forces import, even if the pool appears to be potentially active. .It Fl m Allows a pool to import when there is a missing log device. Recent transactions can be lost because the log device will be discarded. .It Fl N Import the pool without mounting any file systems. .It Fl R Ar root Sets the .Qq Sy cachefile property to .Qq Cm none and the .Qq Sy altroot property to .Qq Ar root .It Fl F Recovery mode for a non-importable pool. Attempt to return the pool to an importable state by discarding the last few transactions. Not all damaged pools can be recovered by using this option. If successful, the data from the discarded transactions is irretrievably lost. This option is ignored if the pool is importable or already imported. .It Fl n Used with the .Fl F recovery option. Determines whether a non-importable pool can be made importable again, but does not actually perform the pool recovery. For more details about pool recovery mode, see the .Fl F option, above. .It Fl a Searches for and imports all pools found. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm import .Op Fl o Ar mntopts .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar ... .Op Fl d Ar dir | Fl c Ar cachefile .Op Fl D .Op Fl f .Op Fl m .Op Fl N .Op Fl R Ar root .Op Fl F Op Fl n .Ar pool | id .Op Ar newpool .Xc .Pp Imports a specific pool. A pool can be identified by its name or the numeric identifier. If .Ar newpool is specified, the pool is imported using the name .Ar newpool . Otherwise, it is imported with the same name as its exported name. .Pp If a device is removed from a system without running .Qq Nm Cm export first, the device appears as potentially active. It cannot be determined if this was a failed export, or whether the device is really in use from another host. To import a pool in this state, the .Fl f option is required. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl o Ar mntopts Comma-separated list of mount options to use when mounting datasets within the pool. See .Xr zfs 8 for a description of dataset properties and mount options. .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Sets the specified property on the imported pool. See the .Qq Sx Properties section for more information on the available pool properties. .It Fl c Ar cachefile Reads configuration from the given .Ar cachefile that was created with the .Qq Sy cachefile pool property. This .Ar cachefile is used instead of searching for devices. .It Fl d Ar dir Searches for devices or files in .Ar dir . The .Fl d option can be specified multiple times. This option is incompatible with the .Fl c option. .It Fl D Imports destroyed pools only. The .Fl f option is also required. .It Fl f Forces import, even if the pool appears to be potentially active. .It Fl m Allows a pool to import when there is a missing log device. Recent transactions can be lost because the log device will be discarded. .It Fl N Import the pool without mounting any file systems. .It Fl R Ar root Equivalent to .Qq Fl o Cm cachefile=none,altroot= Ns Pa root .It Fl F Recovery mode for a non-importable pool. Attempt to return the pool to an importable state by discarding the last few transactions. Not all damaged pools can be recovered by using this option. If successful, the data from the discarded transactions is irretrievably lost. This option is ignored if the pool is importable or already imported. .It Fl n Used with the .Fl F recovery option. Determines whether a non-importable pool can be made importable again, but does not actually perform the pool recovery. For more details about pool recovery mode, see the .Fl F option, above. .It Fl -rewind-to-checkpoint Rewinds pool to the checkpointed state. Once the pool is imported with this flag there is no way to undo the rewind. All changes and data that were written after the checkpoint are lost! The only exception is when the .Sy readonly mounting option is enabled. In this case, the checkpointed state of the pool is opened and an administrator can see how the pool would look like if they were to fully rewind. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm iostat .Op Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u .Op Fl v .Op Ar pool .Ar ... .Op Ar interval Op Ar count .Xc .Pp Displays .Tn I/O statistics for the given pools. When given an interval, the statistics are printed every .Ar interval seconds until .Sy Ctrl-C is pressed. If no .Ar pools are specified, statistics for every pool in the system is shown. If .Ar count is specified, the command exits after .Ar count reports are printed. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u Print a timestamp. .Pp Use modifier .Cm d for standard date format. See .Xr date 1 . Use modifier .Cm u for unixtime .Pq equals Qq Ic date +%s . .It Fl v Verbose statistics. Reports usage statistics for individual .No vdev Ns s within the pool, in addition to the pool-wide statistics. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm labelclear .Op Fl f .Ar device .Xc .Pp Removes .Tn ZFS label information from the specified .Ar device . The .Ar device must not be part of an active pool configuration. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl f Treat exported or foreign devices as inactive. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm list .Op Fl Hpv .Op Fl o Ar property Ns Op , Ns Ar ... .Op Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u .Op Ar pool .Ar ... .Op Ar inverval Op Ar count .Xc .Pp Lists the given pools along with a health status and space usage. If no .Ar pools are specified, all pools in the system are listed. .Pp When given an interval, the output is printed every .Ar interval seconds until .Sy Ctrl-C is pressed. If .Ar count is specified, the command exits after .Ar count reports are printed. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u Print a timestamp. .Pp Use modifier .Cm d for standard date format. See .Xr date 1 . Use modifier .Cm u for unixtime .Pq equals Qq Ic date +%s . .It Fl H Scripted mode. Do not display headers, and separate fields by a single tab instead of arbitrary space. .It Fl p Display numbers in parsable (exact) values. .It Fl v Verbose statistics. Reports usage statistics for individual .Em vdevs within the pool, in addition to the pool-wide statistics. .It Fl o Ar property Ns Op , Ns Ar ... Comma-separated list of properties to display. See the .Qq Sx Properties section for a list of valid properties. The default list is .Sy name , .Sy size , .Sy used , .Sy available , .Sy fragmentation , .Sy expandsize , .Sy capacity , .Sy health , .Sy altroot . .It Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u Print a timestamp. .Pp Use modifier .Cm d for standard date format. See .Xr date 1 . Use modifier .Cm u for unixtime .Pq equals Qq Ic date +%s . .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm offline .Op Fl t .Ar pool device ... .Xc .Pp Takes the specified physical device offline. While the .Ar device is offline, no attempt is made to read or write to the device. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl t Temporary. Upon reboot, the specified physical device reverts to its previous state. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm online .Op Fl e .Ar pool device ... .Xc .Pp Brings the specified physical device online. .Pp This command is not applicable to spares or cache devices. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl e Expand the device to use all available space. If the device is part of a mirror or .No raidz then all devices must be expanded before the new space will become available to the pool. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm reguid .Ar pool .Xc .Pp Generates a new unique identifier for the pool. You must ensure that all devices in this pool are online and healthy before performing this action. .It Xo .Nm .Cm remove +.Op Fl np .Ar pool device ... .Xc .Pp -Removes the specified device from the pool. This command currently only -supports removing hot spares, cache, and log devices. A mirrored log device can -be removed by specifying the top-level mirror for the log. Non-log devices that -are part of a mirrored configuration can be removed using the +Removes the specified device from the pool. +This command currently only supports removing hot spares, cache, log +devices and mirrored top-level vdevs (mirror of leaf devices); but not raidz. +.sp +Removing a top-level vdev reduces the total amount of space in the storage pool. +The specified device will be evacuated by copying all allocated space from it to +the other devices in the pool. +In this case, the +.Nm zpool Cm remove +command initiates the removal and returns, while the evacuation continues in +the background. +The removal progress can be monitored with +.Nm zpool Cm status. +This feature must be enabled to be used, see +.Xr zpool-features 5 +.Pp +A mirrored top-level device (log or data) can be removed by specifying the +top-level mirror for the same. +Non-log devices or data devices that are part of a mirrored configuration can +be removed using the .Qq Nm Cm detach -command. Non-redundant and -.No raidz -devices cannot be removed from a pool. +command. +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl n +Do not actually perform the removal ("no-op"). +Instead, print the estimated amount of memory that will be used by the +mapping table after the removal completes. +This is nonzero only for top-level vdevs. +.El +.Bl -tag -width Ds +.It Fl p +Used in conjunction with the +.Fl n +flag, displays numbers as parsable (exact) values. +.El .It Xo .Nm +.Cm remove +.Fl s +.Ar pool +.Xc +.Pp +Stops and cancels an in-progress removal of a top-level vdev. +.It Xo +.Nm .Cm reopen .Ar pool .Xc .Pp Reopen all the vdevs associated with the pool. .It Xo .Nm .Cm replace .Op Fl f .Ar pool device .Op Ar new_device .Xc .Pp Replaces .Ar old_device with .Ar new_device . This is equivalent to attaching .Ar new_device , waiting for it to resilver, and then detaching .Ar old_device . .Pp The size of .Ar new_device must be greater than or equal to the minimum size of all the devices in a mirror or .No raidz configuration. .Pp .Ar new_device is required if the pool is not redundant. If .Ar new_device is not specified, it defaults to .Ar old_device . This form of replacement is useful after an existing disk has failed and has been physically replaced. In this case, the new disk may have the same .Pa /dev path as the old device, even though it is actually a different disk. .Tn ZFS recognizes this. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl f Forces use of .Ar new_device , even if its appears to be in use. Not all devices can be overridden in this manner. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm scrub .Op Fl s | Fl p .Ar pool ... .Xc .Pp Begins a scrub or resumes a paused scrub. The scrub examines all data in the specified pools to verify that it checksums correctly. For replicated .Pq mirror or raidz devices, ZFS automatically repairs any damage discovered during the scrub. The .Nm zpool Cm status command reports the progress of the scrub and summarizes the results of the scrub upon completion. .Pp Scrubbing and resilvering are very similar operations. The difference is that resilvering only examines data that ZFS knows to be out of date .Po for example, when attaching a new device to a mirror or replacing an existing device .Pc , whereas scrubbing examines all data to discover silent errors due to hardware faults or disk failure. .Pp Because scrubbing and resilvering are I/O-intensive operations, ZFS only allows one at a time. If a scrub is paused, the .Nm zpool Cm scrub resumes it. If a resilver is in progress, ZFS does not allow a scrub to be started until the resilver completes. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl s Stop scrubbing. .El .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl p Pause scrubbing. Scrub pause state and progress are periodically synced to disk. If the system is restarted or pool is exported during a paused scrub, even after import, scrub will remain paused until it is resumed. Once resumed the scrub will pick up from the place where it was last checkpointed to disk. To resume a paused scrub issue .Nm zpool Cm scrub again. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm set .Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value pool .Xc .Pp Sets the given property on the specified pool. See the .Qq Sx Properties section for more information on what properties can be set and acceptable values. .It Xo .Nm .Cm split .Op Fl n .Op Fl R Ar altroot .Op Fl o Ar mntopts .Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value .Ar pool newpool .Op Ar device ... .Xc .Pp Splits off one disk from each mirrored top-level .No vdev in a pool and creates a new pool from the split-off disks. The original pool must be made up of one or more mirrors and must not be in the process of resilvering. The .Cm split subcommand chooses the last device in each mirror .No vdev unless overridden by a device specification on the command line. .Pp When using a .Ar device argument, .Cm split includes the specified device(s) in a new pool and, should any devices remain unspecified, assigns the last device in each mirror .No vdev to that pool, as it does normally. If you are uncertain about the outcome of a .Cm split command, use the .Fl n ("dry-run") option to ensure your command will have the effect you intend. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl R Ar altroot Automatically import the newly created pool after splitting, using the specified .Ar altroot parameter for the new pool's alternate root. See the .Sy altroot description in the .Qq Sx Properties section, above. .It Fl n Displays the configuration that would be created without actually splitting the pool. The actual pool split could still fail due to insufficient privileges or device status. .It Fl o Ar mntopts Comma-separated list of mount options to use when mounting datasets within the pool. See .Xr zfs 8 for a description of dataset properties and mount options. Valid only in conjunction with the .Fl R option. .It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Sets the specified property on the new pool. See the .Qq Sx Properties section, above, for more information on the available pool properties. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm status .Op Fl vx .Op Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u .Op Ar pool .Ar ... .Op Ar interval Op Ar count .Xc .Pp Displays the detailed health status for the given pools. If no .Ar pool is specified, then the status of each pool in the system is displayed. For more information on pool and device health, see the .Qq Sx Device Failure and Recovery section. .Pp When given an interval, the output is printed every .Ar interval seconds until .Sy Ctrl-C is pressed. If .Ar count is specified, the command exits after .Ar count reports are printed. .Pp If a scrub or resilver is in progress, this command reports the percentage done and the estimated time to completion. Both of these are only approximate, because the amount of data in the pool and the other workloads on the system can change. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl x Only display status for pools that are exhibiting errors or are otherwise unavailable. Warnings about pools not using the latest on-disk format, having non-native block size or disabled features will not be included. .It Fl v Displays verbose data error information, printing out a complete list of all data errors since the last complete pool scrub. .It Fl T Cm d Ns | Ns Cm u Print a timestamp. .Pp Use modifier .Cm d for standard date format. See .Xr date 1 . Use modifier .Cm u for unixtime .Pq equals Qq Ic date +%s . .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm upgrade .Op Fl v .Xc .Pp Displays pools which do not have all supported features enabled and pools formatted using a legacy .Tn ZFS version number. These pools can continue to be used, but some features may not be available. Use .Nm Cm upgrade Fl a to enable all features on all pools. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl v Displays legacy .Tn ZFS versions supported by the current software. See .Xr zpool-features 7 for a description of feature flags features supported by the current software. .El .It Xo .Nm .Cm upgrade .Op Fl V Ar version .Fl a | Ar pool ... .Xc .Pp Enables all supported features on the given pool. Once this is done, the pool will no longer be accessible on systems that do not support feature flags. See .Xr zpool-features 7 for details on compatibility with systems that support feature flags, but do not support all features enabled on the pool. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl a Enables all supported features on all pools. .It Fl V Ar version Upgrade to the specified legacy version. If the .Fl V flag is specified, no features will be enabled on the pool. This option can only be used to increase version number up to the last supported legacy version number. .El .El .Sh EXIT STATUS The following exit values are returned: .Bl -tag -offset 2n -width 2n .It 0 Successful completion. .It 1 An error occurred. .It 2 Invalid command line options were specified. .El .Sh EXAMPLES .Bl -tag -width 0n .It Sy Example 1 No Creating a RAID-Z Storage Pool .Pp The following command creates a pool with a single .No raidz root .No vdev that consists of six disks. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create tank raidz da0 da1 da2 da3 da4 da5 .Ed .It Sy Example 2 No Creating a Mirrored Storage Pool .Pp The following command creates a pool with two mirrors, where each mirror contains two disks. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create tank mirror da0 da1 mirror da2 da3 .Ed .It Sy Example 3 No Creating a Tn ZFS No Storage Pool by Using Partitions .Pp The following command creates an unmirrored pool using two GPT partitions. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create tank da0p3 da1p3 .Ed .It Sy Example 4 No Creating a Tn ZFS No Storage Pool by Using Files .Pp The following command creates an unmirrored pool using files. While not recommended, a pool based on files can be useful for experimental purposes. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create tank /path/to/file/a /path/to/file/b .Ed .It Sy Example 5 No Adding a Mirror to a Tn ZFS No Storage Pool .Pp The following command adds two mirrored disks to the pool .Em tank , assuming the pool is already made up of two-way mirrors. The additional space is immediately available to any datasets within the pool. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool add tank mirror da2 da3 .Ed .It Sy Example 6 No Listing Available Tn ZFS No Storage Pools .Pp The following command lists all available pools on the system. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool list NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE FRAG EXPANDSZ CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT pool 2.70T 473G 2.24T 33% - 17% 1.00x ONLINE - test 1.98G 89.5K 1.98G 48% - 0% 1.00x ONLINE - .Ed .It Sy Example 7 No Listing All Properties for a Pool .Pp The following command lists all the properties for a pool. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool get all pool pool size 2.70T - pool capacity 17% - pool altroot - default pool health ONLINE - pool guid 2501120270416322443 default pool version 28 default pool bootfs pool/root local pool delegation on default pool autoreplace off default pool cachefile - default pool failmode wait default pool listsnapshots off default pool autoexpand off default pool dedupditto 0 default pool dedupratio 1.00x - pool free 2.24T - pool allocated 473G - pool readonly off - .Ed .It Sy Example 8 No Destroying a Tn ZFS No Storage Pool .Pp The following command destroys the pool .Qq Em tank and any datasets contained within. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool destroy -f tank .Ed .It Sy Example 9 No Exporting a Tn ZFS No Storage Pool .Pp The following command exports the devices in pool .Em tank so that they can be relocated or later imported. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool export tank .Ed .It Sy Example 10 No Importing a Tn ZFS No Storage Pool .Pp The following command displays available pools, and then imports the pool .Qq Em tank for use on the system. .Pp The results from this command are similar to the following: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool import pool: tank id: 15451357997522795478 state: ONLINE action: The pool can be imported using its name or numeric identifier. config: tank ONLINE mirror ONLINE da0 ONLINE da1 ONLINE .Ed .It Xo .Sy Example 11 Upgrading All .Tn ZFS Storage Pools to the Current Version .Xc .Pp The following command upgrades all .Tn ZFS Storage pools to the current version of the software. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool upgrade -a This system is currently running ZFS pool version 28. .Ed .It Sy Example 12 No Managing Hot Spares .Pp The following command creates a new pool with an available hot spare: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create tank mirror da0 da1 spare da2 .Ed .Pp If one of the disks were to fail, the pool would be reduced to the degraded state. The failed device can be replaced using the following command: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool replace tank da0 da2 .Ed .Pp Once the data has been resilvered, the spare is automatically removed and is made available should another device fails. The hot spare can be permanently removed from the pool using the following command: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool remove tank da2 .Ed .It Xo .Sy Example 13 Creating a .Tn ZFS Pool with Mirrored Separate Intent Logs .Xc .Pp The following command creates a .Tn ZFS storage pool consisting of two, two-way mirrors and mirrored log devices: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool create pool mirror da0 da1 mirror da2 da3 log mirror da4 da5 .Ed .It Sy Example 14 No Adding Cache Devices to a Tn ZFS No Pool .Pp The following command adds two disks for use as cache devices to a .Tn ZFS storage pool: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool add pool cache da2 da3 .Ed .Pp Once added, the cache devices gradually fill with content from main memory. Depending on the size of your cache devices, it could take over an hour for them to fill. Capacity and reads can be monitored using the .Cm iostat subcommand as follows: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool iostat -v pool 5 .Ed .It Xo .Sy Example 15 Displaying expanded space on a device .Xc .Pp The following command dipslays the detailed information for the .Em data pool. This pool is comprised of a single .Em raidz vdev where one of its devices increased its capacity by 10GB. In this example, the pool will not be able to utilized this extra capacity until all the devices under the .Em raidz vdev have been expanded. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool list -v data NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE FRAG EXPANDSZ CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT data 23.9G 14.6G 9.30G 48% - 61% 1.00x ONLINE - raidz1 23.9G 14.6G 9.30G 48% - ada0 - - - - - ada1 - - - - 10G ada2 - - - - - .Ed .It Xo .Sy Example 16 -Removing a Mirrored Log Device +Removing a Mirrored top-level (Log or Data) Device .Xc .Pp -The following command removes the mirrored log device -.Em mirror-2 . +The following commands remove the mirrored log device +.Sy mirror-2 +and mirrored top-level data device +.Sy mirror-1 . .Pp Given this configuration: .Bd -literal -offset 2n pool: tank state: ONLINE scrub: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM tank ONLINE 0 0 0 mirror-0 ONLINE 0 0 0 da0 ONLINE 0 0 0 da1 ONLINE 0 0 0 mirror-1 ONLINE 0 0 0 da2 ONLINE 0 0 0 da3 ONLINE 0 0 0 logs mirror-2 ONLINE 0 0 0 da4 ONLINE 0 0 0 da5 ONLINE 0 0 0 .Ed .Pp The command to remove the mirrored log .Em mirror-2 is: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool remove tank mirror-2 +.Ed +.Pp +The command to remove the mirrored data +.Em mirror-1 +is: +.Bd -literal -offset 2n +.Li # Ic zpool remove tank mirror-1 .Ed .It Xo .Sy Example 17 Recovering a Faulted .Tn ZFS Pool .Xc .Pp If a pool is faulted but recoverable, a message indicating this state is provided by .Qq Nm Cm status if the pool was cached (see the .Fl c Ar cachefile argument above), or as part of the error output from a failed .Qq Nm Cm import of the pool. .Pp Recover a cached pool with the .Qq Nm Cm clear command: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool clear -F data Pool data returned to its state as of Tue Sep 08 13:23:35 2009. Discarded approximately 29 seconds of transactions. .Ed .Pp If the pool configuration was not cached, use .Qq Nm Cm import with the recovery mode flag: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic zpool import -F data Pool data returned to its state as of Tue Sep 08 13:23:35 2009. Discarded approximately 29 seconds of transactions. .Ed .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr zpool-features 7 , .Xr zfs 8 , .Xr zfsd 8 .Sh AUTHORS This manual page is a .Xr mdoc 7 reimplementation of the .Tn OpenSolaris manual page .Em zpool(1M) , modified and customized for .Fx and licensed under the Common Development and Distribution License .Pq Tn CDDL . .Pp The .Xr mdoc 7 implementation of this manual page was initially written by .An Martin Matuska Aq mm@FreeBSD.org . Index: stable/11 =================================================================== --- stable/11 (revision 332738) +++ stable/11 (revision 332739) Property changes on: stable/11 ___________________________________________________________________ Modified: svn:mergeinfo ## -0,0 +0,1 ## Merged /head:r332641