Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/CONTRIBUTING =================================================================== --- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/CONTRIBUTING (nonexistent) +++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/CONTRIBUTING (revision 309577) @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +Contributing to the tz code and data + +The time zone database is by no means authoritative: governments +change timekeeping rules erratically and sometimes with little +warning, the data entries do not cover all of civil time before +1970, and undoubtedly errors remain in the code and data. Feel +free to fill gaps or fix mistakes, and please email improvements +to tz@iana.org for use in the future. + +To email small changes, please run a POSIX shell command like +'diff -u old/europe new/europe >myfix.patch', and attach +myfix.patch to the email. + +For more-elaborate changes, please read the Theory file and browse +the mailing list archives for +examples of patches that tend to work well. Ideally, additions to +data should contain commentary citing reliable sources as +justification. + +Please submit changes against either the latest release in + or the master branch of the experimental +Git repository. If you use Git the following workflow may be helpful: + + * Copy the experimental repository. + + git clone https://github.com/eggert/tz.git + cd tz + + * Get current with the master branch. + + git checkout master + git pull + + * Switch to a new branch for the changes. Choose a different + branch name for each change set. + + git checkout -b mybranch + + * Edit source files. Include commentary that justifies the + changes by citing reliable sources. + + * Debug the changes, e.g.: + + make check + make install + ./zdump -v America/Los_Angeles + + * For each separable change, commit it in the new branch, e.g.: + + git add northamerica + git commit + + See recent 'git log' output for the commit-message style. + + * Create patch files 0001-*, 0002-*, ... + + git format-patch master + + * After reviewing the patch files, send the patches to tz@iana.org + for others to review. + + git send-email master + + * Start anew by getting current with the master branch again + (the second step above). + +Please do not create issues or pull requests on GitHub, as the +proper procedure for proposing and distributing patches is via +email as illustrated above. + +----- + +This file is in the public domain. Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/LICENSE =================================================================== --- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/LICENSE (nonexistent) +++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/LICENSE (revision 309577) @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +With a few exceptions, all files in the tz code and data (including +this one) are in the public domain. The exceptions are date.c, +newstrftime.3, and strftime.c, which contain material derived from BSD +and which use the BSD 3-clause license. Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/Makefile =================================================================== --- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/Makefile (nonexistent) +++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/Makefile (revision 309577) @@ -0,0 +1,793 @@ +# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of +# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. + +# Package name for the code distribution. +PACKAGE= tzcode + +# Version number for the distribution, overridden in the 'tarballs' rule below. +VERSION= unknown + +# Email address for bug reports. +BUGEMAIL= tz@iana.org + +# Change the line below for your time zone (after finding the zone you want in +# the time zone files, or adding it to a time zone file). +# Alternately, if you discover you've got the wrong time zone, you can just +# zic -l rightzone +# to correct things. +# Use the command +# make zonenames +# to get a list of the values you can use for LOCALTIME. + +LOCALTIME= GMT + +# If you want something other than Eastern United States time as a template +# for handling POSIX-style time zone environment variables, +# change the line below (after finding the zone you want in the +# time zone files, or adding it to a time zone file). +# (When a POSIX-style environment variable is handled, the rules in the +# template file are used to determine "spring forward" and "fall back" days and +# times; the environment variable itself specifies UT offsets of standard and +# summer time.) +# Alternately, if you discover you've got the wrong time zone, you can just +# zic -p rightzone +# to correct things. +# Use the command +# make zonenames +# to get a list of the values you can use for POSIXRULES. +# If you want POSIX compatibility, use "America/New_York". + +POSIXRULES= America/New_York + +# Also see TZDEFRULESTRING below, which takes effect only +# if the time zone files cannot be accessed. + +# Everything gets put in subdirectories of. . . + +TOPDIR= /usr/local + +# "Compiled" time zone information is placed in the "TZDIR" directory +# (and subdirectories). +# Use an absolute path name for TZDIR unless you're just testing the software. + +TZDIR_BASENAME= zoneinfo +TZDIR= $(TOPDIR)/etc/$(TZDIR_BASENAME) + +# Types to try, as an alternative to time_t. int64_t should be first. +TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES= int64_t int32_t uint32_t uint64_t + +# The "tzselect", "zic", and "zdump" commands get installed in. . . + +ETCDIR= $(TOPDIR)/etc + +# If you "make INSTALL", the "date" command gets installed in. . . + +BINDIR= $(TOPDIR)/bin + +# Manual pages go in subdirectories of. . . + +MANDIR= $(TOPDIR)/man + +# Library functions are put in an archive in LIBDIR. + +LIBDIR= $(TOPDIR)/lib + +# If you always want time values interpreted as "seconds since the epoch +# (not counting leap seconds)", use +# REDO= posix_only +# below. If you always want right time values interpreted as "seconds since +# the epoch" (counting leap seconds)", use +# REDO= right_only +# below. If you want both sets of data available, with leap seconds not +# counted normally, use +# REDO= posix_right +# below. If you want both sets of data available, with leap seconds counted +# normally, use +# REDO= right_posix +# below. POSIX mandates that leap seconds not be counted; for compatibility +# with it, use "posix_only" or "posix_right". + +REDO= posix_right + +# If you want out-of-scope and often-wrong data from the file 'backzone', use +# PACKRATDATA= backzone +# To omit this data, use +# PACKRATDATA= + +PACKRATDATA= + +# Since "." may not be in PATH... + +YEARISTYPE= ./yearistype + +# Non-default libraries needed to link. +LDLIBS= + +# Add the following to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line as needed. +# -DBIG_BANG=-9999999LL if the Big Bang occurred at time -9999999 (see zic.c) +# -DHAVE_DECL_ASCTIME_R=0 if does not declare asctime_r +# -DHAVE_DIRECT_H if mkdir needs (MS-Windows) +# -DHAVE_DOS_FILE_NAMES if file names have drive specifiers etc. (MS-DOS) +# -DHAVE_GETTEXT=1 if 'gettext' works (e.g., GNU/Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris) +# -DHAVE_INCOMPATIBLE_CTIME_R=1 if your system's time.h declares +# ctime_r and asctime_r incompatibly with the POSIX standard +# (Solaris when _POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS is not defined). +# -DHAVE_INTTYPES_H=1 if you have a pre-C99 compiler with "inttypes.h" +# -DHAVE_LINK=0 if your system lacks a link function +# -DHAVE_LOCALTIME_R=0 if your system lacks a localtime_r function +# -DHAVE_LOCALTIME_RZ=0 if you do not want zdump to use localtime_rz +# This defaults to 1 if a working localtime_rz seems to be available. +# localtime_rz can make zdump significantly faster, but is nonstandard. +# -DHAVE_POSIX_DECLS=0 if your system's include files do not declare +# functions like 'link' or variables like 'tzname' required by POSIX +# -DHAVE_STDINT_H=1 if you have a pre-C99 compiler with "stdint.h" +# -DHAVE_STRFTIME_L=1 if declares locale_t and strftime_l +# This defaults to 0 if _POSIX_VERSION < 200809, 1 otherwise. +# -DHAVE_STRDUP=0 if your system lacks the strdup function +# -DHAVE_SYMLINK=0 if your system lacks the symlink function +# -DHAVE_SYS_STAT_H=0 if your compiler lacks a "sys/stat.h" +# -DHAVE_SYS_WAIT_H=0 if your compiler lacks a "sys/wait.h" +# -DHAVE_TZSET=0 if your system lacks a tzset function +# -DHAVE_UNISTD_H=0 if your compiler lacks a "unistd.h" (Microsoft C++ 7?) +# -DEPOCH_LOCAL=1 if the 'time' function returns local time not UT +# -DEPOCH_OFFSET=N if the 'time' function returns a value N greater +# than what POSIX specifies, assuming local time is UT. +# For example, N is 252460800 on AmigaOS. +# -DNO_RUN_TIME_WARNINGS_ABOUT_YEAR_2000_PROBLEMS_THANK_YOU=1 +# if you do not want run time warnings about formats that may cause +# year 2000 grief +# -Dssize_t=long on ancient hosts that lack ssize_t +# -DTHREAD_SAFE=1 to make localtime.c thread-safe, as POSIX requires; +# not needed by the main-program tz code, which is single-threaded. +# Append other compiler flags as needed, e.g., -pthread on GNU/Linux. +# -Dtime_tz=\"T\" to use T as the time_t type, rather than the system time_t +# -DTZ_DOMAIN=\"foo\" to use "foo" for gettext domain name; default is "tz" +# -DTZ_DOMAINDIR=\"/path\" to use "/path" for gettext directory; +# the default is system-supplied, typically "/usr/lib/locale" +# -DTZDEFRULESTRING=\",date/time,date/time\" to default to the specified +# DST transitions if the time zone files cannot be accessed +# -DUNINIT_TRAP=1 if reading uninitialized storage can cause problems +# other than simply getting garbage data +# -DUSE_LTZ=0 to build zdump with the system time zone library +# Also set TZDOBJS=zdump.o and CHECK_TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES= below. +# -DZIC_MAX_ABBR_LEN_WO_WARN=3 +# (or some other number) to set the maximum time zone abbreviation length +# that zic will accept without a warning (the default is 6) +# $(GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS) if you are using recent GCC and want lots of checking +GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS = -Dlint -g3 -O3 -fno-common -fstrict-aliasing \ + -Wall -Wextra \ + -Wbad-function-cast -Wcast-align -Wdate-time \ + -Wdeclaration-after-statement \ + -Wdouble-promotion \ + -Wformat=2 -Winit-self -Wjump-misses-init \ + -Wlogical-op -Wmissing-prototypes -Wnested-externs \ + -Wold-style-definition -Woverlength-strings -Wpointer-arith \ + -Wshadow -Wstrict-prototypes -Wsuggest-attribute=const \ + -Wsuggest-attribute=format -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn \ + -Wsuggest-attribute=pure -Wtrampolines \ + -Wunused -Wwrite-strings \ + -Wno-address -Wno-format-nonliteral -Wno-sign-compare \ + -Wno-type-limits -Wno-unused-parameter +# +# If you want to use System V compatibility code, add +# -DUSG_COMPAT +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. This arrange for "timezone" and "daylight" +# variables to be kept up-to-date by the time conversion functions. Neither +# "timezone" nor "daylight" is described in X3J11's work. +# +# If your system has a "GMT offset" field in its "struct tm"s +# (or if you decide to add such a field in your system's "time.h" file), +# add the name to a define such as +# -DTM_GMTOFF=tm_gmtoff +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. If not defined, the code attempts to +# guess TM_GMTOFF from other macros; define NO_TM_GMTOFF to suppress this. +# Similarly, if your system has a "zone abbreviation" field, define +# -DTM_ZONE=tm_zone +# and define NO_TM_ZONE to suppress any guessing. These two fields are not +# required by POSIX, but are widely available on GNU/Linux and BSD systems. +# +# If you want functions that were inspired by early versions of X3J11's work, +# add +# -DSTD_INSPIRED +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. This arranges for the functions +# "tzsetwall", "offtime", "timelocal", "timegm", "timeoff", +# "posix2time", and "time2posix" to be added to the time conversion library. +# "tzsetwall" is like "tzset" except that it arranges for local wall clock +# time (rather than the time specified in the TZ environment variable) +# to be used. +# "offtime" is like "gmtime" except that it accepts a second (long) argument +# that gives an offset to add to the time_t when converting it. +# "timelocal" is equivalent to "mktime". +# "timegm" is like "timelocal" except that it turns a struct tm into +# a time_t using UT (rather than local time as "timelocal" does). +# "timeoff" is like "timegm" except that it accepts a second (long) argument +# that gives an offset to use when converting to a time_t. +# "posix2time" and "time2posix" are described in an included manual page. +# X3J11's work does not describe any of these functions. +# Sun has provided "tzsetwall", "timelocal", and "timegm" in SunOS 4.0. +# These functions may well disappear in future releases of the time +# conversion package. +# +# If you don't want functions that were inspired by NetBSD, add +# -DNETBSD_INSPIRED=0 +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. Otherwise, the functions +# "localtime_rz", "mktime_z", "tzalloc", and "tzfree" are added to the +# time library, and if STD_INSPIRED is also defined the functions +# "posix2time_z" and "time2posix_z" are added as well. +# The functions ending in "_z" (or "_rz") are like their unsuffixed +# (or suffixed-by-"_r") counterparts, except with an extra first +# argument of opaque type timezone_t that specifies the time zone. +# "tzalloc" allocates a timezone_t value, and "tzfree" frees it. +# +# If you want to allocate state structures in localtime, add +# -DALL_STATE +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. Storage is obtained by calling malloc. +# +# If you want an "altzone" variable (a la System V Release 3.1), add +# -DALTZONE +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. +# This variable is not described in X3J11's work. +# +# NIST-PCTS:151-2, Version 1.4, (1993-12-03) is a test suite put +# out by the National Institute of Standards and Technology +# which claims to test C and Posix conformance. If you want to pass PCTS, add +# -DPCTS +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. +# +# If you want strict compliance with XPG4 as of 1994-04-09, add +# -DXPG4_1994_04_09 +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. This causes "strftime" to always return +# 53 as a week number (rather than 52 or 53) for those days in January that +# before the first Monday in January when a "%V" format is used and January 1 +# falls on a Friday, Saturday, or Sunday. + +CFLAGS= + +# Linker flags. Default to $(LFLAGS) for backwards compatibility +# to release 2012h and earlier. + +LDFLAGS= $(LFLAGS) + +# For leap seconds, this Makefile uses LEAPSECONDS='-L leapseconds' in +# submake command lines. The default is no leap seconds. + +LEAPSECONDS= + +# The zic command and its arguments. + +zic= ./zic +ZIC= $(zic) $(ZFLAGS) + +ZFLAGS= + +# How to use zic to install tz binary files. + +ZIC_INSTALL= $(ZIC) -y $(YEARISTYPE) -d $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR) $(LEAPSECONDS) + +# The name of a Posix-compliant 'awk' on your system. +AWK= awk + +# The full path name of a Posix-compliant shell, preferably one that supports +# the Korn shell's 'select' statement as an extension. +# These days, Bash is the most popular. +# It should be OK to set this to /bin/sh, on platforms where /bin/sh +# lacks 'select' or doesn't completely conform to Posix, but /bin/bash +# is typically nicer if it works. +KSHELL= /bin/bash + +# The path where SGML DTDs are kept and the catalog file(s) to use when +# validating. The default should work on both Debian and Red Hat. +SGML_TOPDIR= /usr +SGML_DTDDIR= $(SGML_TOPDIR)/share/xml/w3c-sgml-lib/schema/dtd +SGML_SEARCH_PATH= $(SGML_DTDDIR)/REC-html401-19991224 +SGML_CATALOG_FILES= \ + $(SGML_TOPDIR)/share/doc/w3-recs/html/www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/HTML4.cat:$(SGML_TOPDIR)/share/sgml/html/4.01/HTML4.cat + +# The name, arguments and environment of a program to validate your web pages. +# See for a validator, and +# for a validation library. +VALIDATE = nsgmls +VALIDATE_FLAGS = -s -B -wall -wno-unused-param +VALIDATE_ENV = \ + SGML_CATALOG_FILES=$(SGML_CATALOG_FILES) \ + SGML_SEARCH_PATH=$(SGML_SEARCH_PATH) \ + SP_CHARSET_FIXED=YES \ + SP_ENCODING=UTF-8 + +# This expensive test requires USE_LTZ. +# To suppress it, define this macro to be empty. +CHECK_TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES = check_time_t_alternatives + +# SAFE_CHAR is a regular expression that matches a safe character. +# Some parts of this distribution are limited to safe characters; +# others can use any UTF-8 character. +# For now, the safe characters are a safe subset of ASCII. +# The caller must set the shell variable 'sharp' to the character '#', +# since Makefile macros cannot contain '#'. +# TAB_CHAR is a single tab character, in single quotes. +TAB_CHAR= ' ' +SAFE_CHARSET1= $(TAB_CHAR)' !\"'$$sharp'$$%&'\''()*+,./0123456789:;<=>?@' +SAFE_CHARSET2= 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\^_`' +SAFE_CHARSET3= 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~' +SAFE_CHARSET= $(SAFE_CHARSET1)$(SAFE_CHARSET2)$(SAFE_CHARSET3) +SAFE_CHAR= '[]'$(SAFE_CHARSET)'-]' + +# OK_CHAR matches any character allowed in the distributed files. +# This is the same as SAFE_CHAR, except that multibyte letters are +# also allowed so that commentary can contain people's names and quote +# non-English sources. For non-letters the sources are limited to +# ASCII renderings for the convenience of maintainers whose text editors +# mishandle UTF-8 by default (e.g., XEmacs 21.4.22). +OK_CHAR= '[][:alpha:]'$(SAFE_CHARSET)'-]' + +# SAFE_LINE matches a line of safe characters. +# SAFE_SHARP_LINE is similar, except any OK character can follow '#'; +# this is so that comments can contain non-ASCII characters. +# OK_LINE matches a line of OK characters. +SAFE_LINE= '^'$(SAFE_CHAR)'*$$' +SAFE_SHARP_LINE='^'$(SAFE_CHAR)'*('$$sharp$(OK_CHAR)'*)?$$' +OK_LINE= '^'$(OK_CHAR)'*$$' + +# Flags to give 'tar' when making a distribution. +# Try to use flags appropriate for GNU tar. +GNUTARFLAGS= --numeric-owner --owner=0 --group=0 --mode=go+u,go-w --sort=name +TARFLAGS= `if tar $(GNUTARFLAGS) --version >/dev/null 2>&1; \ + then echo $(GNUTARFLAGS); \ + else :; \ + fi` + +# Flags to give 'gzip' when making a distribution. +GZIPFLAGS= -9n + +############################################################################### + +#MAKE= make + +cc= cc +CC= $(cc) -DTZDIR=\"$(TZDIR)\" + +AR= ar + +# ':' on typical hosts; 'ranlib' on the ancient hosts that still need ranlib. +RANLIB= : + +TZCOBJS= zic.o +TZDOBJS= zdump.o localtime.o asctime.o +DATEOBJS= date.o localtime.o strftime.o asctime.o +LIBSRCS= localtime.c asctime.c difftime.c +LIBOBJS= localtime.o asctime.o difftime.o +HEADERS= tzfile.h private.h +NONLIBSRCS= zic.c zdump.c +NEWUCBSRCS= date.c strftime.c +SOURCES= $(HEADERS) $(LIBSRCS) $(NONLIBSRCS) $(NEWUCBSRCS) \ + tzselect.ksh workman.sh +MANS= newctime.3 newstrftime.3 newtzset.3 time2posix.3 \ + tzfile.5 tzselect.8 zic.8 zdump.8 +MANTXTS= newctime.3.txt newstrftime.3.txt newtzset.3.txt \ + time2posix.3.txt \ + tzfile.5.txt tzselect.8.txt zic.8.txt zdump.8.txt \ + date.1.txt +COMMON= CONTRIBUTING LICENSE Makefile NEWS README Theory version +WEB_PAGES= tz-art.htm tz-how-to.html tz-link.htm +DOCS= $(MANS) date.1 $(MANTXTS) $(WEB_PAGES) +PRIMARY_YDATA= africa antarctica asia australasia \ + europe northamerica southamerica +YDATA= $(PRIMARY_YDATA) pacificnew etcetera backward +NDATA= systemv factory +TDATA= $(YDATA) $(NDATA) +ZONETABLES= zone1970.tab zone.tab +TABDATA= iso3166.tab leapseconds $(ZONETABLES) +LEAP_DEPS= leapseconds.awk leap-seconds.list +DATA= $(YDATA) $(NDATA) backzone $(TABDATA) \ + leap-seconds.list yearistype.sh +AWK_SCRIPTS= checklinks.awk checktab.awk leapseconds.awk +MISC= $(AWK_SCRIPTS) zoneinfo2tdf.pl +TZS_YEAR= 2050 +TZS= to$(TZS_YEAR).tzs +TZS_NEW= to$(TZS_YEAR)new.tzs +TZS_DEPS= $(PRIMARY_YDATA) asctime.c localtime.c \ + private.h tzfile.h zdump.c zic.c +ENCHILADA= $(COMMON) $(DOCS) $(SOURCES) $(DATA) $(MISC) $(TZS) + +# Consult these files when deciding whether to rebuild the 'version' file. +# This list is not the same as the output of 'git ls-files', since +# .gitignore is not distributed. +VERSION_DEPS= \ + CONTRIBUTING LICENSE Makefile NEWS README Theory \ + africa antarctica asctime.c asia australasia \ + backward backzone \ + checklinks.awk checktab.awk \ + date.1 date.c difftime.c \ + etcetera europe factory iso3166.tab \ + leap-seconds.list leapseconds.awk localtime.c \ + newctime.3 newstrftime.3 newtzset.3 northamerica \ + pacificnew private.h \ + southamerica strftime.c systemv \ + time2posix.3 tz-art.htm tz-how-to.html tz-link.htm \ + tzfile.5 tzfile.h tzselect.8 tzselect.ksh \ + workman.sh yearistype.sh \ + zdump.8 zdump.c zic.8 zic.c \ + zone.tab zone1970.tab zoneinfo2tdf.pl + +# And for the benefit of csh users on systems that assume the user +# shell should be used to handle commands in Makefiles. . . + +SHELL= /bin/sh + +all: tzselect yearistype zic zdump libtz.a $(TABDATA) + +ALL: all date $(ENCHILADA) + +install: all $(DATA) $(REDO) $(MANS) + mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)$(ETCDIR) $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR) \ + $(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR) \ + $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man3 $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man5 \ + $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man8 + $(ZIC_INSTALL) -l $(LOCALTIME) -p $(POSIXRULES) + cp -f iso3166.tab $(ZONETABLES) $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)/. + cp tzselect zic zdump $(DESTDIR)$(ETCDIR)/. + cp libtz.a $(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/. + $(RANLIB) $(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/libtz.a + cp -f newctime.3 newtzset.3 $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man3/. + cp -f tzfile.5 $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man5/. + cp -f tzselect.8 zdump.8 zic.8 $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man8/. + +INSTALL: ALL install date.1 + mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR) $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man1 + cp date $(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)/. + cp -f date.1 $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man1/. + +version: $(VERSION_DEPS) + { (type git) >/dev/null 2>&1 && \ + V=`git describe --match '[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][a-z]*' \ + --abbrev=7 --dirty` || \ + V=$(VERSION); } && \ + printf '%s\n' "$$V" >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +version.h: version + VERSION=`cat version` && printf '%s\n' \ + 'static char const PKGVERSION[]="($(PACKAGE)) ";' \ + "static char const TZVERSION[]=\"$$VERSION\";" \ + 'static char const REPORT_BUGS_TO[]="$(BUGEMAIL)";' \ + >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +zdump: $(TZDOBJS) + $(CC) -o $@ $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(TZDOBJS) $(LDLIBS) + +zic: $(TZCOBJS) + $(CC) -o $@ $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(TZCOBJS) $(LDLIBS) + +yearistype: yearistype.sh + cp yearistype.sh yearistype + chmod +x yearistype + +leapseconds: $(LEAP_DEPS) + $(AWK) -f leapseconds.awk leap-seconds.list >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +# Arguments to pass to submakes of install_data. +# They can be overridden by later submake arguments. +INSTALLARGS = \ + DESTDIR=$(DESTDIR) \ + LEAPSECONDS='$(LEAPSECONDS)' \ + PACKRATDATA='$(PACKRATDATA)' \ + TZDIR=$(TZDIR) \ + YEARISTYPE=$(YEARISTYPE) \ + ZIC='$(ZIC)' + +# 'make install_data' installs one set of tz binary files. +# It can be tailored by setting LEAPSECONDS, PACKRATDATA, etc. +install_data: zic leapseconds yearistype $(PACKRATDATA) $(TDATA) + $(ZIC_INSTALL) $(TDATA) + $(AWK) '/^Rule/' $(TDATA) | $(ZIC_INSTALL) - $(PACKRATDATA) + +posix_only: + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) LEAPSECONDS= install_data + +right_only: + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) LEAPSECONDS='-L leapseconds' \ + install_data + +# In earlier versions of this makefile, the other two directories were +# subdirectories of $(TZDIR). However, this led to configuration errors. +# For example, with posix_right under the earlier scheme, +# TZ='right/Australia/Adelaide' got you localtime with leap seconds, +# but gmtime without leap seconds, which led to problems with applications +# like sendmail that subtract gmtime from localtime. +# Therefore, the other two directories are now siblings of $(TZDIR). +# You must replace all of $(TZDIR) to switch from not using leap seconds +# to using them, or vice versa. +right_posix: right_only + rm -fr $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-leaps + ln -s $(TZDIR_BASENAME) $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-leaps || \ + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) TZDIR=$(TZDIR)-leaps right_only + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) TZDIR=$(TZDIR)-posix posix_only + +posix_right: posix_only + rm -fr $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-posix + ln -s $(TZDIR_BASENAME) $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-posix || \ + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) TZDIR=$(TZDIR)-posix posix_only + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) TZDIR=$(TZDIR)-leaps right_only + +# This obsolescent rule is present for backwards compatibility with +# tz releases 2014g through 2015g. It should go away eventually. +posix_packrat: + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) PACKRATDATA=backzone posix_only + +zones: $(REDO) + +$(TZS_NEW): $(TDATA) zdump zic + mkdir -p tzs.dir + $(zic) -d tzs.dir $(TDATA) + $(AWK) '/^Link/{print $$1 "\t" $$2 "\t" $$3}' \ + $(TDATA) | LC_ALL=C sort >$@.out + wd=`pwd` && \ + zones=`$(AWK) -v wd="$$wd" \ + '/^Zone/{print wd "/tzs.dir/" $$2}' $(TDATA) \ + | LC_ALL=C sort` && \ + ./zdump -i -c $(TZS_YEAR) $$zones >>$@.out + sed 's,^TZ=".*tzs\.dir/,TZ=",' $@.out >$@.sed.out + rm -fr tzs.dir $@.out + mv $@.sed.out $@ + +# If $(TZS) does not already exist (e.g., old-format tarballs), create it. +# If it exists but 'make check_tzs' fails, a maintainer should inspect the +# failed output and fix the inconsistency, perhaps by running 'make force_tzs'. +$(TZS): + $(MAKE) force_tzs + +force_tzs: $(TZS_NEW) + cp $(TZS_NEW) $(TZS) + +libtz.a: $(LIBOBJS) + $(AR) ru $@ $(LIBOBJS) + $(RANLIB) $@ + +date: $(DATEOBJS) + $(CC) -o $@ $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(DATEOBJS) $(LDLIBS) + +tzselect: tzselect.ksh version + VERSION=`cat version` && sed \ + -e 's|#!/bin/bash|#!$(KSHELL)|g' \ + -e 's|AWK=[^}]*|AWK=$(AWK)|g' \ + -e 's|\(PKGVERSION\)=.*|\1='\''($(PACKAGE)) '\''|' \ + -e 's|\(REPORT_BUGS_TO\)=.*|\1=$(BUGEMAIL)|' \ + -e 's|TZDIR=[^}]*|TZDIR=$(TZDIR)|' \ + -e 's|\(TZVERSION\)=.*|\1='"$$VERSION"'|' \ + <$@.ksh >$@.out + chmod +x $@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +check: check_character_set check_white_space check_links check_sorted \ + check_tables check_tzs check_web + +check_character_set: $(ENCHILADA) + LC_ALL=en_US.utf8 && export LC_ALL && \ + sharp='#' && \ + ! grep -Env $(SAFE_LINE) $(MANS) date.1 $(MANTXTS) \ + $(MISC) $(SOURCES) $(WEB_PAGES) \ + CONTRIBUTING LICENSE Makefile README version && \ + ! grep -Env $(SAFE_SHARP_LINE) $(TDATA) backzone \ + leapseconds yearistype.sh zone.tab && \ + ! grep -Env $(OK_LINE) $(ENCHILADA) + +check_white_space: $(ENCHILADA) + patfmt=' \t|[\f\r\v]' && pat=`printf "$$patfmt\\n"` && \ + ! grep -En "$$pat" $(ENCHILADA) + ! grep -n '[[:space:]]$$' $(ENCHILADA) + +CHECK_CC_LIST = { n = split($$1,a,/,/); for (i=2; i<=n; i++) print a[1], a[i]; } + +check_sorted: backward backzone iso3166.tab zone.tab zone1970.tab + $(AWK) '/^Link/ {print $$3}' backward | LC_ALL=C sort -cu + $(AWK) '/^Zone/ {print $$2}' backzone | LC_ALL=C sort -cu + $(AWK) '/^[^#]/ {print $$1}' iso3166.tab | LC_ALL=C sort -cu + $(AWK) '/^[^#]/ {print $$1}' zone.tab | LC_ALL=C sort -c + $(AWK) '/^[^#]/ {print substr($$0, 1, 2)}' zone1970.tab | \ + LC_ALL=C sort -c + $(AWK) '/^[^#]/ $(CHECK_CC_LIST)' zone1970.tab | \ + LC_ALL=C sort -cu + +check_links: checklinks.awk $(TDATA) + $(AWK) -f checklinks.awk $(TDATA) + +check_tables: checktab.awk $(PRIMARY_YDATA) $(ZONETABLES) + for tab in $(ZONETABLES); do \ + $(AWK) -f checktab.awk -v zone_table=$$tab $(PRIMARY_YDATA) \ + || exit; \ + done + +check_tzs: $(TZS) $(TZS_NEW) + diff -u $(TZS) $(TZS_NEW) + +check_web: $(WEB_PAGES) + $(VALIDATE_ENV) $(VALIDATE) $(VALIDATE_FLAGS) $(WEB_PAGES) + +clean_misc: + rm -f core *.o *.out \ + date tzselect version.h zdump zic yearistype libtz.a +clean: clean_misc + rm -fr *.dir tzdb-*/ $(TZS_NEW) + +maintainer-clean: clean + @echo 'This command is intended for maintainers to use; it' + @echo 'deletes files that may need special tools to rebuild.' + rm -f leapseconds version $(MANTXTS) $(TZS) *.asc *.tar.* + +names: + @echo $(ENCHILADA) + +public: check check_public $(CHECK_TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES) \ + tarballs signatures + +date.1.txt: date.1 +newctime.3.txt: newctime.3 +newstrftime.3.txt: newstrftime.3 +newtzset.3.txt: newtzset.3 +time2posix.3.txt: time2posix.3 +tzfile.5.txt: tzfile.5 +tzselect.8.txt: tzselect.8 +zdump.8.txt: zdump.8 +zic.8.txt: zic.8 + +$(MANTXTS): workman.sh + LC_ALL=C sh workman.sh `expr $@ : '\(.*\)\.txt$$'` >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +# Set the time stamps to those of the git repository, if available, +# and if the files have not changed since then. +# This uses GNU 'touch' syntax 'touch -d@N FILE', +# where N is the number of seconds since 1970. +# If git or GNU 'touch' is absent, don't bother to sync with git timestamps. +# Also, set the timestamp of each prebuilt file like 'leapseconds' +# to be the maximum of the files it depends on. +set-timestamps.out: $(ENCHILADA) + rm -f $@ + if (type git) >/dev/null 2>&1 && \ + files=`git ls-files $(ENCHILADA)` && \ + touch -md @1 test.out; then \ + rm -f test.out && \ + for file in $$files; do \ + if git diff --quiet $$file; then \ + time=`git log -1 --format='tformat:%ct' $$file` && \ + touch -cmd @$$time $$file; \ + else \ + echo >&2 "$$file: warning: does not match repository"; \ + fi || exit; \ + done; \ + fi + touch -cmr `ls -t $(LEAP_DEPS) | sed 1q` leapseconds + for file in `ls $(MANTXTS) | sed 's/\.txt$$//'`; do \ + touch -cmr `ls -t $$file workman.sh | sed 1q` $$file.txt || \ + exit; \ + done + touch -cmr `ls -t $(TZS_DEPS) | sed 1q` $(TZS) + touch -cmr `ls -t $(VERSION_DEPS) | sed 1q` version + touch $@ + +# The zics below ensure that each data file can stand on its own. +# We also do an all-files run to catch links to links. + +check_public: + $(MAKE) maintainer-clean + $(MAKE) "CFLAGS=$(GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS)" ALL + mkdir -p public.dir + for i in $(TDATA) ; do \ + $(zic) -v -d public.dir $$i 2>&1 || exit; \ + done + $(zic) -v -d public.dir $(TDATA) + rm -fr public.dir + +# Check that the code works under various alternative +# implementations of time_t. +check_time_t_alternatives: + if diff -q Makefile Makefile 2>/dev/null; then \ + quiet_option='-q'; \ + else \ + quiet_option=''; \ + fi && \ + wd=`pwd` && \ + zones=`$(AWK) '/^[^#]/ { print $$3 }' time_t.dir/int64_t.out && \ + time_t.dir/$$type/etc/zdump -V -t $$range $$zones \ + >time_t.dir/$$type.out && \ + diff -u time_t.dir/int64_t.out time_t.dir/$$type.out \ + || exit; \ + done + rm -fr time_t.dir + +tarballs traditional_tarballs signatures traditional_signatures: version + VERSION=`cat version` && \ + $(MAKE) VERSION="$$VERSION" $@_version + +tarballs_version: traditional_tarballs_version tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz +traditional_tarballs_version: \ + tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz +signatures_version: traditional_signatures_version tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz.asc +traditional_signatures_version: \ + tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz.asc tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz.asc \ + +tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz: set-timestamps.out + LC_ALL=C && export LC_ALL && \ + tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - \ + $(COMMON) $(DOCS) $(SOURCES) | \ + gzip $(GZIPFLAGS) >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz: set-timestamps.out + LC_ALL=C && export LC_ALL && \ + tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - $(COMMON) $(DATA) $(MISC) | \ + gzip $(GZIPFLAGS) >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz: set-timestamps.out + rm -fr tzdb-$(VERSION) + mkdir tzdb-$(VERSION) + ln $(ENCHILADA) tzdb-$(VERSION) + touch -cmr `ls -t tzdb-$(VERSION)/* | sed 1q` tzdb-$(VERSION) + LC_ALL=C && export LC_ALL && \ + tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - tzdb-$(VERSION) | lzip -9 >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz.asc: tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz + gpg --armor --detach-sign $? + +tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz.asc: tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz + gpg --armor --detach-sign $? + +tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz.asc: tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz + gpg --armor --detach-sign $? + +typecheck: + $(MAKE) clean + for i in "long long" unsigned; \ + do \ + $(MAKE) CFLAGS="-DTYPECHECK -D__time_t_defined -D_TIME_T \"-Dtime_t=$$i\"" ; \ + ./zdump -v Europe/Rome ; \ + $(MAKE) clean ; \ + done + +zonenames: $(TDATA) + @$(AWK) '/^Zone/ { print $$2 } /^Link/ { print $$3 }' $(TDATA) + +asctime.o: private.h tzfile.h +date.o: private.h +difftime.o: private.h +localtime.o: private.h tzfile.h +strftime.o: private.h tzfile.h +zdump.o: version.h +zic.o: private.h tzfile.h version.h + +.KEEP_STATE: + +.PHONY: ALL INSTALL all +.PHONY: check check_character_set check_links +.PHONY: check_public check_sorted check_tables +.PHONY: check_time_t_alternatives check_tzs check_web check_white_space +.PHONY: clean clean_misc force_tzs +.PHONY: install install_data maintainer-clean names +.PHONY: posix_only posix_packrat posix_right +.PHONY: public right_only right_posix signatures signatures_version +.PHONY: tarballs tarballs_version typecheck +.PHONY: zonenames zones Property changes on: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/Makefile ___________________________________________________________________ Added: svn:eol-style ## -0,0 +1 ## +native \ No newline at end of property Added: svn:keywords ## -0,0 +1 ## +FreeBSD=%H \ No newline at end of property Added: svn:mime-type ## -0,0 +1 ## +text/plain \ No newline at end of property Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/NEWS =================================================================== --- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/NEWS (nonexistent) +++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/NEWS (revision 309577) @@ -0,0 +1,3782 @@ +News for the tz database + +Release 2016i - 2016-11-01 23:19:52 -0700 + + Briefly: Cyprus split into two time zones on 2016-10-30, and Tonga + reintroduces DST on 2016-11-06. + + Changes to future time stamps + + Pacific/Tongatapu begins DST on 2016-11-06 at 02:00, ending on + 2017-01-15 at 03:00. Assume future observances in Tonga will be + from the first Sunday in November through the third Sunday in + January, like Fiji. (Thanks to Pulu ʻAnau.) Switch to numeric + time zone abbreviations for this zone. + + Changes to past and future time stamps + + Northern Cyprus is now +03 year round, causing a split in Cyprus + time zones starting 2016-10-30 at 04:00. This creates a zone + Asia/Famagusta. (Thanks to Even Scharning and Matt Johnson.) + + Antarctica/Casey switched from +08 to +11 on 2016-10-22. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes to past time stamps + + Several corrections were made for pre-1975 time stamps in Italy. + These affect Europe/Malta, Europe/Rome, Europe/San_Marino, and + Europe/Vatican. + + First, the 1893-11-01 00:00 transition in Italy used the new UT + offset (+01), not the old (+00:49:56). (Thanks to Michael + Deckers.) + + Second, rules for daylight saving in Italy were changed to agree + with Italy's National Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM) + except for 1944, as follows (thanks to Pierpaolo Bernardi, Brian + Inglis, and Michael Deckers): + + The 1916-06-03 transition was at 24:00, not 00:00. + + The 1916-10-01, 1919-10-05, and 1920-09-19 transitions were at + 00:00, not 01:00. + + The 1917-09-30 and 1918-10-06 transitions were at 24:00, not + 01:00. + + The 1944-09-17 transition was at 03:00, not 01:00. This + particular change is taken from Italian law as INRiM's table, + (which says 02:00) appears to have a typo here. Also, keep the + 1944-04-03 transition for Europe/Rome, as Rome was controlled by + Germany then. + + The 1967-1970 and 1972-1974 fallback transitions were at 01:00, + not 00:00. + + Changes to code + + The code should now be buildable on AmigaOS merely by setting the + appropriate Makefile variables. (From a patch by Carsten Larsen.) + + +Release 2016h - 2016-10-19 23:17:57 -0700 + + Changes to future time stamps + + Asia/Gaza and Asia/Hebron end DST on 2016-10-29 at 01:00, not + 2016-10-21 at 00:00. (Thanks to Sharef Mustafa.) Predict that + future fall transitions will be on the last Saturday of October + at 01:00, which is consistent with predicted spring transitions + on the last Saturday of March. (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) + + Changes to past time stamps + + In Turkey, transitions in 1986-1990 were at 01:00 standard time + not at 02:00, and the spring 1994 transition was on March 20, not + March 27. (Thanks to Kıvanç Yazan.) + + Changes to past and future time zone abbreviations + + Asia/Colombo now uses numeric time zone abbreviations like "+0530" + instead of alphabetic ones like "IST" and "LKT". Various + English-language sources use "IST", "LKT" and "SLST", with no + working consensus. (Usage of "SLST" mentioned by Sadika + Sumanapala.) + + Changes to code + + zic no longer mishandles relativizing file names when creating + symbolic links like /etc/localtime, when these symbolic links + are outside the usual directory hierarchy. This fixes a bug + introduced in 2016g. (Problem reported by Andreas Stieger.) + + Changes to build procedure + + New rules 'traditional_tarballs' and 'traditional_signatures' for + building just the traditional-format distribution. (Requested by + Deborah Goldsmith.) + + The file 'version' is now put into the tzdata tarball too. + (Requested by Howard Hinnant.) + + Changes to documentation and commentary + + The 'Theory' file now has a section on interface stability. + (Requested by Paul Koning.) It also mentions features like + tm_zone and localtime_rz that have long been supported by the + reference code. + + tz-link.htm has improved coverage of time zone boundaries suitable + for geolocation. (Thanks to heads-ups from Evan Siroky and Matt + Johnson.) + + The US commentary now mentions Allen and the "day of two noons". + + The Fiji commentary mentions the government's 2016-10-03 press + release. (Thanks to Raymond Kumar.) + + +Release 2016g - 2016-09-13 08:56:38 -0700 + + Changes to future time stamps + + Turkey switched from EET/EEST (+02/+03) to permanent +03, + effective 2016-09-07. (Thanks to Burak AYDIN.) Use "+03" rather + than an invented abbreviation for the new time. + + New leap second 2016-12-31 23:59:60 UTC as per IERS Bulletin C 52. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) + + Changes to past time stamps + + For America/Los_Angeles, spring-forward transition times have been + corrected from 02:00 to 02:01 in 1948, and from 02:00 to 01:00 in + 1950-1966. + + For zones using Soviet time on 1919-07-01, transitions to UT-based + time were at 00:00 UT, not at 02:00 local time. The affected + zones are Europe/Kirov, Europe/Moscow, Europe/Samara, and + Europe/Ulyanovsk. (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky.) + + Changes to past and future time zone abbreviations + + The Factory zone now uses the time zone abbreviation -00 instead + of a long English-language string, as -00 is now the normal way to + represent an undefined time zone. + + Several zones in Antarctica and the former Soviet Union, along + with zones intended for ships at sea that cannot use POSIX TZ + strings, now use numeric time zone abbreviations instead of + invented or obsolete alphanumeric abbreviations. The affected + zones are Antarctica/Casey, Antarctica/Davis, + Antarctica/DumontDUrville, Antarctica/Mawson, Antarctica/Rothera, + Antarctica/Syowa, Antarctica/Troll, Antarctica/Vostok, + Asia/Anadyr, Asia/Ashgabat, Asia/Baku, Asia/Bishkek, Asia/Chita, + Asia/Dushanbe, Asia/Irkutsk, Asia/Kamchatka, Asia/Khandyga, + Asia/Krasnoyarsk, Asia/Magadan, Asia/Omsk, Asia/Sakhalin, + Asia/Samarkand, Asia/Srednekolymsk, Asia/Tashkent, Asia/Tbilisi, + Asia/Ust-Nera, Asia/Vladivostok, Asia/Yakutsk, Asia/Yekaterinburg, + Asia/Yerevan, Etc/GMT-14, Etc/GMT-13, Etc/GMT-12, Etc/GMT-11, + Etc/GMT-10, Etc/GMT-9, Etc/GMT-8, Etc/GMT-7, Etc/GMT-6, Etc/GMT-5, + Etc/GMT-4, Etc/GMT-3, Etc/GMT-2, Etc/GMT-1, Etc/GMT+1, Etc/GMT+2, + Etc/GMT+3, Etc/GMT+4, Etc/GMT+5, Etc/GMT+6, Etc/GMT+7, Etc/GMT+8, + Etc/GMT+9, Etc/GMT+10, Etc/GMT+11, Etc/GMT+12, Europe/Kaliningrad, + Europe/Minsk, Europe/Samara, Europe/Volgograd, and + Indian/Kerguelen. For Europe/Moscow the invented abbreviation MSM + was replaced by +05, whereas MSK and MSD were kept as they are not + our invention and are widely used. + + Changes to zone names + + Rename Asia/Rangoon to Asia/Yangon, with a backward compatibility link. + (Thanks to David Massoud.) + + Changes to code + + zic no longer generates binary files containing POSIX TZ-like + strings that disagree with the local time type after the last + explicit transition in the data. This fixes a bug with + Africa/Casablanca and Africa/El_Aaiun in some year-2037 time + stamps on the reference platform. (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky + for reporting the bug and suggesting a way forward.) + + If the installed localtime and/or posixrules files are symbolic + links, zic now keeps them symbolic links when updating them, for + compatibility with platforms like OpenSUSE where other programs + configure these files as symlinks. + + zic now avoids hard linking to symbolic links, avoids some + unnecessary mkdir and stat system calls, and uses shorter file + names internally. + + zdump has a new -i option to generate transitions in a + more-compact but still human-readable format. This option is + experimental, and the output format may change in future versions. + (Thanks to Jon Skeet for suggesting that an option was needed, + and thanks to Tim Parenti and Chris Rovick for further comments.) + + Changes to build procedure + + An experimental distribution format is available, in addition + to the traditional format which will continue to be distributed. + The new format is a tarball tzdb-VERSION.tar.lz with signature + file tzdb-VERSION.tar.lz.asc. It unpacks to a top-level directory + tzdb-VERSION containing the code and data of the traditional + two-tarball format, along with extra data that may be useful. + (Thanks to Antonio Diaz Diaz, Oscar van Vlijmen, and many others + for comments about the experimental format.) + + The release version number is now more accurate in the usual case + where releases are built from a Git repository. For example, if + 23 commits and some working-file changes have been made since + release 2016g, the version number is now something like + '2016g-23-g50556e3-dirty' instead of the misleading '2016g'. + Official releases uses the same version number format as before, + e.g., '2016g'. To support the more-accurate version number, its + specification has moved from a line in the Makefile to a new + source file 'version'. + + The experimental distribution contains a file to2050.tzs that + contains what should be the output of 'zdump -i -c 2050' on + primary zones. If this file is available, 'make check' now checks + that zdump generates this output. + + 'make check_web' now works on Fedora-like distributions. + + Changes to documentation and commentary + + tzfile.5 now documents the new restriction on POSIX TZ-like + strings that is now implemented by zic. + + Comments now cite URLs for some 1917-1921 Russian DST decrees. + (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky.) + + tz-link.htm mentions JuliaTime (thanks to Curtis Vogt) and Time4J + (thanks to Meno Hochschild) and ThreeTen-Extra, and its + description of Java 8 has been brought up to date (thanks to + Stephen Colebourne). Its description of local time on Mars has + been updated to match current practice, and URLs have been updated + and some obsolete ones removed. + + +Release 2016f - 2016-07-05 16:26:51 +0200 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + The Egyptian government changed its mind on short notice, and + Africa/Cairo will not introduce DST starting 2016-07-07 after all. + (Thanks to Mina Samuel.) + + Asia/Novosibirsk switches from +06 to +07 on 2016-07-24 at 02:00. + (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + Changes to past and future time stamps + + Asia/Novokuznetsk and Asia/Novosibirsk now use numeric time zone + abbreviations instead of invented ones. + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Europe/Minsk's 1992-03-29 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 not 00:00. + (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + +Release 2016e - 2016-06-14 08:46:16 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Africa/Cairo observes DST in 2016 from July 7 to the end of October. + Guess October 27 and 24:00 transitions. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + For future years, guess April's last Thursday to October's last + Thursday except for Ramadan. + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Locations while uninhabited now use '-00', not 'zzz', as a + placeholder time zone abbreviation. This is inspired by Internet + RFC 3339 and is more consistent with numeric time zone + abbreviations already used elsewhere. The change affects several + arctic and antarctic locations, e.g., America/Cambridge_Bay before + 1920 and Antarctica/Troll before 2005. + + Asia/Baku's 1992-09-27 transition from +04 (DST) to +04 (non-DST) was + at 03:00, not 23:00 the previous day. (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) + + Changes to code + + zic now outputs a dummy transition at time 2**31 - 1 in zones + whose POSIX-style TZ strings contain a '<'. This mostly works + around Qt bug 53071 . + (Thanks to Zhanibek Adilbekov for reporting the Qt bug.) + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + tz-link.htm says why governments should give plenty of notice for + time zone or DST changes, and refers to Matt Johnson's blog post. + + tz-link.htm mentions Tzdata for Elixir. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + +Release 2016d - 2016-04-17 22:50:29 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + America/Caracas switches from -0430 to -04 on 2016-05-01 at 02:30. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev for the heads-up.) + + Asia/Magadan switches from +10 to +11 on 2016-04-24 at 02:00. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev and Matt Johnson.) + + New zone Asia/Tomsk, split off from Asia/Novosibirsk. It covers + Tomsk Oblast, Russia, which switches from +06 to +07 on 2016-05-29 + at 02:00. (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + New zone Europe/Kirov, split off from Europe/Volgograd. It covers + Kirov Oblast, Russia, which switched from +04/+05 to +03/+04 on + 1989-03-26 at 02:00, roughly a year after Europe/Volgograd made + the same change. (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + Russia and nearby locations had daylight-saving transitions on + 1992-03-29 at 02:00 and 1992-09-27 at 03:00, instead of on + 1992-03-28 at 23:00 and 1992-09-26 at 23:00. (Thanks to Stepan + Golosunov.) + + Many corrections to historical time in Kazakhstan from 1991 + through 2005. (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) Replace Kazakhstan's + invented time zone abbreviations with numeric abbreviations. + + Changes to commentary + + Mention Internet RFCs 7808 (TZDIST) and 7809 (CalDAV time zone references). + + +Release 2016c - 2016-03-23 00:51:27 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Azerbaijan no longer observes DST. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Chile reverts from permanent to seasonal DST. (Thanks to Juan + Correa for the heads-up, and to Tim Parenti for corrections.) + Guess that future transitions are August's and May's second + Saturdays at 24:00 mainland time. Also, call the period from + 2014-09-07 through 2016-05-14 daylight saving time instead of + standard time, as that seems more appropriate now. + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Europe/Kaliningrad and Europe/Vilnius changed from +03/+04 to + +02/+03 on 1989-03-26, not 1991-03-31. Europe/Volgograd changed + from +04/+05 to +03/+04 on 1988-03-27, not 1989-03-26. + (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + Changes to commentary + + Several updates and URLs for historical and proposed Russian changes. + (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov, Matt Johnson, and Alexander Krivenyshev.) + + +Release 2016b - 2016-03-12 17:30:14 -0800 + + Compatibility note + + Starting with release 2016b, some data entries cause zic implementations + derived from tz releases 2005j through 2015e to issue warnings like + "time zone abbreviation differs from POSIX standard (+03)". + These warnings should not otherwise affect zic's output and can safely be + ignored on today's platforms, as the warnings refer to a restriction in + POSIX.1-1988 that was removed in POSIX.1-2001. One way to suppress the + warnings is to upgrade to zic derived from tz releases 2015f and later. + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + New zones Europe/Astrakhan and Europe/Ulyanovsk for Astrakhan and + Ulyanovsk Oblasts, Russia, both of which will switch from +03 to +04 on + 2016-03-27 at 02:00 local time. They need distinct zones since their + post-1970 histories disagree. New zone Asia/Barnaul for Altai Krai and + Altai Republic, Russia, which will switch from +06 to +07 on the same date + and local time. The Astrakhan change is already official; the others have + passed the first reading in the State Duma and are extremely likely. + Also, Asia/Sakhalin moves from +10 to +11 on 2016-03-27 at 02:00. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev for the heads-up, and to Matt Johnson + and Stepan Golosunov for followup.) + + As a trial of a new system that needs less information to be made up, + the new zones use numeric time zone abbreviations like "+04" + instead of invented abbreviations like "ASTT". + + Haiti will not observe DST in 2016. (Thanks to Jean Antoine via + Steffen Thorsen.) + + Palestine's spring-forward transition on 2016-03-26 is at 01:00, not 00:00. + (Thanks to Hannah Kreitem.) Guess future transitions will be March's last + Saturday at 01:00, not March's last Friday at 24:00. + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Europe/Chisinau observed DST during 1990, and switched from +04 to + +03 at 1990-05-06 02:00, instead of switching from +03 to +02. + (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + 1991 abbreviations in Europe/Samara should be SAMT/SAMST, not + KUYT/KUYST. (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + Changes to code + + tzselect's diagnostics and checking, and checktab.awk's checking, + have been improved. (Thanks to J William Piggott.) + + tzcode now builds under MinGW. (Thanks to Ian Abbott and Esben Haabendal.) + + tzselect now tests Julian-date TZ settings more accurately. + (Thanks to J William Piggott.) + + Changes to commentary + + Comments in zone tables have been improved. (Thanks to J William Piggott.) + + tzselect again limits its menu comments so that menus fit on a + 24x80 alphanumeric display. + + A new web page tz-how-to.html. (Thanks to Bill Seymour.) + + In the Theory file, the description of possible time zone abbreviations in + tzdata has been cleaned up, as the old description was unclear and + inconsistent. (Thanks to Alain Mouette for reporting the problem.) + + +Release 2016a - 2016-01-26 23:28:02 -0800 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + America/Cayman will not observe daylight saving this year after all. + Revert our guess that it would. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + Asia/Chita switches from +0800 to +0900 on 2016-03-27 at 02:00. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.) + + Asia/Tehran now has DST predictions for the year 2038 and later, + to be March 21 00:00 to September 21 00:00. This is likely better + than predicting no DST, albeit off by a day every now and then. + + Changes affecting past and future time stamps + + America/Metlakatla switched from PST all year to AKST/AKDT on + 2015-11-01 at 02:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + America/Santa_Isabel has been removed, and replaced with a + backward compatibility link to America/Tijuana. Its contents were + apparently based on a misreading of Mexican legislation. + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Asia/Karachi's two transition times in 2002 were off by a minute. + (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + Changes affecting build procedure + + An installer can now combine leap seconds with use of the backzone file, + e.g., with 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone REDO=posix_right zones'. + The old 'make posix_packrat' rule is now marked as obsolescent. + (Thanks to Ian Abbott for an initial implementation.) + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + A new file LICENSE makes it easier to see that the code and data + are mostly public-domain. (Thanks to James Knight.) The three + non-public-domain files now use the current (3-clause) BSD license + instead of older versions of that license. + + tz-link.htm mentions the BDE library (thanks to Andrew Paprocki), + CCTZ (thanks to Tim Parenti), TimeJones.com, and has a new section + on editing tz source files (with a mention of Sublime zoneinfo, + thanks to Gilmore Davidson). + + The Theory and asia files now mention the 2015 book "The Global + Transformation of Time, 1870-1950", and cite a couple of reviews. + + The America/Chicago entry now documents the informal use of US + central time in Fort Pierre, South Dakota. (Thanks to Rick + McDermid, Matt Johnson, and Steve Jones.) + + +Release 2015g - 2015-10-01 00:39:51 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Turkey's 2015 fall-back transition is scheduled for Nov. 8, not Oct. 25. + (Thanks to Fatih.) + + Norfolk moves from +1130 to +1100 on 2015-10-04 at 02:00 local time. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.) + + Fiji's 2016 fall-back transition is scheduled for January 17, not 24. + (Thanks to Ken Rylander.) + + Fort Nelson, British Columbia will not fall back on 2015-11-01. It has + effectively been on MST (-0700) since it advanced its clocks on 2015-03-08. + New zone America/Fort_Nelson. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Norfolk observed DST from 1974-10-27 02:00 to 1975-03-02 02:00. + + Changes affecting code + + localtime no longer mishandles America/Anchorage after 2037. + (Thanks to Bradley White for reporting the bug.) + + On hosts with signed 32-bit time_t, localtime no longer mishandles + Pacific/Fiji after 2038-01-16 14:00 UTC. + + The localtime module allows the variables 'timezone', 'daylight', + and 'altzone' to be in common storage shared with other modules, + and declares them in case the system does not. + (Problems reported by Kees Dekker.) + + On platforms with tm_zone, strftime.c now assumes it is not NULL. + This simplifies the code and is consistent with zdump.c. + (Problem reported by Christos Zoulas.) + + Changes affecting documentation + + The tzfile man page now documents that transition times denote the + starts (not the ends) of the corresponding time periods. + (Ambiguity reported by Bill Seymour.) + + +Release 2015f - 2015-08-10 18:06:56 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + North Korea switches to +0830 on 2015-08-15. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + The abbreviation remains "KST". (Thanks to Robert Elz.) + + Uruguay no longer observes DST. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen + and Pablo Camargo.) + + Changes affecting past and future time stamps + + Moldova starts and ends DST at 00:00 UTC, not at 01:00 UTC. + (Thanks to Roman Tudos.) + + Changes affecting data format and code + + zic's '-y YEARISTYPE' option is no longer documented. The TYPE + field of a Rule line should now be '-'; the old values 'even', + 'odd', 'uspres', 'nonpres', 'nonuspres' were already undocumented. + Although the implementation has not changed, these features do not + work in the default installation, they are not used in the data, + and they are now considered obsolescent. + + zic now checks that two rules don't take effect at the same time. + (Thanks to Jon Skeet and Arthur David Olson.) Constraints on + simultaneity are now documented. + + The two characters '%z' in a zone format now stand for the UTC + offset, e.g., '-07' for seven hours behind UTC and '+0530' for + five hours and thirty minutes ahead. This better supports time + zone abbreviations conforming to POSIX.1-2001 and later. + + Changes affecting installed data files + + Comments for America/Halifax and America/Glace_Bay have been improved. + (Thanks to Brian Inglis.) + + Data entries have been simplified for Atlantic/Canary, Europe/Simferopol, + Europe/Sofia, and Europe/Tallinn. This yields slightly smaller + installed data files for Europe/Simferopol and Europe/Tallinn. + It does not affect timestamps. (Thanks to Howard Hinnant.) + + Changes affecting code + + zdump and zic no longer warn about valid time zone abbreviations + like '-05'. + + Some Visual Studio 2013 warnings have been suppressed. + (Thanks to Kees Dekker.) + + 'date' no longer sets the time of day and its -a, -d, -n and -t + options have been removed. Long obsolescent, the implementation + of these features had porting problems. Builders no longer need + to configure HAVE_ADJTIME, HAVE_SETTIMEOFDAY, or HAVE_UTMPX_H. + (Thanks to Kees Dekker for pointing out the problem.) + + Changes affecting documentation + + The Theory file mentions naming issues earlier, as these seem to be + poorly publicized (thanks to Gilmore Davidson for reporting the problem). + + tz-link.htm mentions Time Zone Database Parser (thanks to Howard Hinnant). + + Mention that Herbert Samuel introduced the term "Summer Time". + + +Release 2015e - 2015-06-13 10:56:02 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Morocco will suspend DST from 2015-06-14 03:00 through 2015-07-19 02:00, + not 06-13 and 07-18 as we had guessed. (Thanks to Milamber.) + + Assume Cayman Islands will observe DST starting next year, using US rules. + Although it isn't guaranteed, it is the most likely. + + Changes affecting data format + + The file 'iso3166.tab' now uses UTF-8, so that its entries can better + spell the names of Åland Islands, Côte d'Ivoire, and Réunion. + + Changes affecting code + + When displaying data, tzselect converts it to the current locale's + encoding if the iconv command works. (Problem reported by random832.) + + tzselect no longer mishandles Dominica, fixing a bug introduced + in Release 2014f. (Problem reported by Owen Leibman.) + + zic -l no longer fails when compiled with -DTZDEFAULT=\"/etc/localtime\". + This fixes a bug introduced in Release 2014f. + (Problem reported by Leonardo Chiquitto.) + + +Release 2015d - 2015-04-24 08:09:46 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Egypt will not observe DST in 2015 and will consider canceling it + permanently. For now, assume no DST indefinitely. + (Thanks to Ahmed Nazmy and Tim Parenti.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + America/Whitehorse switched from UT -09 to -08 on 1967-05-28, not + 1966-07-01. Also, Yukon's time zone history is documented better. + (Thanks to Brian Inglis and Dennis Ferguson.) + + Change affecting past and future time zone abbreviations + + The abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian standard and daylight times + have been changed from HAST/HADT to HST/HDT, as per US Government + Printing Office style. This affects only America/Adak since 1983, + as America/Honolulu was already using the new style. + + Changes affecting code + + zic has some minor performance improvements. + + +Release 2015c - 2015-04-11 08:55:55 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Egypt's spring-forward transition is at 24:00 on April's last Thursday, + not 00:00 on April's last Friday. 2015's transition will therefore be on + Thursday, April 30 at 24:00, not Friday, April 24 at 00:00. Similar fixes + apply to 2026, 2037, 2043, etc. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + The following changes affect some pre-1991 Chile-related time stamps + in America/Santiago, Antarctica/Palmer, and Pacific/Easter. + + The 1910 transition was January 10, not January 1. + + The 1918 transition was September 10, not September 1. + + The UT -04 time observed from 1932 to 1942 is now considered to + be standard time, not year-round DST. + + Santiago observed DST (UT -03) from 1946-07-15 through + 1946-08-31, then reverted to standard time, then switched to -05 + on 1947-04-01. + + Assume transitions before 1968 were at 00:00, since we have no data + saying otherwise. + + The spring 1988 transition was 1988-10-09, not 1988-10-02. + The fall 1990 transition was 1990-03-11, not 1990-03-18. + + Assume no UTC offset change for Pacific/Easter on 1890-01-01, + and omit all transitions on Pacific/Easter from 1942 through 1946 + since we have no data suggesting that they existed. + + One more zone has been turned into a link, as it differed + from an existing zone only for older time stamps. As usual, + this change affects UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only. + The zone's old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + The affected zone is America/Montreal. + + Changes affecting commentary + + Mention the TZUpdater tool. + + Mention "The Time Now". (Thanks to Brandon Ramsey.) + + +Release 2015b - 2015-03-19 23:28:11 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Mongolia will start observing DST again this year, from the last + Saturday in March at 02:00 to the last Saturday in September at 00:00. + (Thanks to Ganbold Tsagaankhuu.) + + Palestine will start DST on March 28, not March 27. Also, + correct the fall 2014 transition from September 26 to October 24. + Adjust future predictions accordingly. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + The 1982 zone shift in Pacific/Easter has been corrected, fixing a 2015a + regression. (Thanks to Stuart Bishop for reporting the problem.) + + Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed + from existing zones only for older time stamps. As usual, + these changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only. + Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + The affected zones are: America/Antigua, America/Cayman, + Pacific/Midway, and Pacific/Saipan. + + Changes affecting time zone abbreviations + + Correct the 1992-2010 DST abbreviation in Volgograd from "MSK" to "MSD". + (Thanks to Hank W.) + + Changes affecting code + + Fix integer overflow bug in reference 'mktime' implementation. + (Problem reported by Jörg Richter.) + + Allow -Dtime_tz=time_t compilations, and allow -Dtime_tz=... libraries + to be used in the same executable as standard-library time_t functions. + (Problems reported by Bradley White.) + + Changes affecting commentary + + Cite the recent Mexican decree changing Quintana Roo's time zone. + (Thanks to Carlos Raúl Perasso.) + + Likewise for the recent Chilean decree. (Thanks to Eduardo Romero Urra.) + + Update info about Mars time. + + +Release 2015a - 2015-01-29 22:35:20 -0800 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + The Mexican state of Quintana Roo, represented by America/Cancun, + will shift from Central Time with DST to Eastern Time without DST + on 2015-02-01 at 02:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen and Gwillim Law.) + + Chile will not change clocks in April or thereafter; its new standard time + will be its old daylight saving time. This affects America/Santiago, + Pacific/Easter, and Antarctica/Palmer. (Thanks to Juan Correa.) + + New leap second 2015-06-30 23:59:60 UTC as per IERS Bulletin C 49. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Iceland observed DST in 1919 and 1921, and its 1939 fallback + transition was Oct. 29, not Nov. 29. Remove incorrect data from + Shanks about time in Iceland between 1837 and 1908. + + Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed + from existing zones only for older time stamps. As usual, + these changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only. + Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + The affected zones are: Asia/Aden, Asia/Bahrain, Asia/Kuwait, + and Asia/Muscat. + + Changes affecting code + + tzalloc now scrubs time zone abbreviations compatibly with the way + that tzset always has, by replacing invalid bytes with '_' and by + shortening too-long abbreviations. + + tzselect ports to POSIX awk implementations, no longer mishandles + POSIX TZ settings when GNU awk is used, and reports POSIX TZ + settings to the user. (Thanks to Stefan Kuhn.) + + Changes affecting build procedure + + 'make check' now checks for links to links in the data. + One such link (for Africa/Asmera) has been fixed. + (Thanks to Stephen Colebourne for pointing out the problem.) + + Changes affecting commentary + + The leapseconds file commentary now mentions the expiration date. + (Problem reported by Martin Burnicki.) + + Update Mexican Library of Congress URL. + + +Release 2014j - 2014-11-10 17:37:11 -0800 + + Changes affecting current and future time stamps + + Turks & Caicos' switch from US eastern time to UT -04 year-round + did not occur on 2014-11-02 at 02:00. It's currently scheduled + for 2015-11-01 at 02:00. (Thanks to Chris Walton.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Many pre-1989 time stamps have been corrected for Asia/Seoul and + Asia/Pyongyang, based on sources for the Korean-language Wikipedia + entry for time in Korea. (Thanks to Sanghyuk Jung.) Also, no + longer guess that Pyongyang mimicked Seoul time after World War II, + as this is politically implausible. + + Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed + from existing zones only for older time stamps. As usual, + these changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only. + Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + The affected zones are: Africa/Addis_Ababa, Africa/Asmara, + Africa/Dar_es_Salaam, Africa/Djibouti, Africa/Kampala, + Africa/Mogadishu, Indian/Antananarivo, Indian/Comoro, and + Indian/Mayotte. + + Changes affecting commentary + + The commentary is less enthusiastic about Shanks as a source, + and is more careful to distinguish UT from UTC. + + +Release 2014i - 2014-10-21 22:04:57 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Pacific/Fiji will observe DST from 2014-11-02 02:00 to 2015-01-18 03:00. + (Thanks to Ken Rylander for the heads-up.) Guess that future + years will use a similar pattern. + + A new Zone Pacific/Bougainville, for the part of Papua New Guinea + that plans to switch from UT +10 to +11 on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. + (Thanks to Kiley Walbom for the heads-up.) + + Changes affecting time zone abbreviations + + Since Belarus is not changing its clocks even though Moscow is, + the time zone abbreviation in Europe/Minsk is changing from FET + to its more-traditional value MSK on 2014-10-26 at 01:00. + (Thanks to Alexander Bokovoy for the heads-up about Belarus.) + + The new abbreviation IDT stands for the pre-1976 use of UT +08 in + Indochina, to distinguish it better from ICT (+07). + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Many time stamps have been corrected for Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh before 1976 + (thanks to Trần Ngọc Quân for an indirect pointer to Trần Tiến Bình's + authoritative book). Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh has been added to + zone1970.tab, to give tzselect users in Vietnam two choices, + since north and south Vietnam disagreed after our 1970 cutoff. + + Asia/Phnom_Penh and Asia/Vientiane have been turned into links, as + they differed from existing zones only for older time stamps. As + usual, these changes affect pre-1970 time stamps only. Their old + contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + + Changes affecting code + + The time-related library functions now set errno on failure, and + some crashes in the new tzalloc-related library functions have + been fixed. (Thanks to Christos Zoulas for reporting most of + these problems and for suggesting fixes.) + + If USG_COMPAT is defined and the requested time stamp is standard time, + the tz library's localtime and mktime functions now set the extern + variable timezone to a value appropriate for that time stamp; and + similarly for ALTZONE, daylight saving time, and the altzone variable. + This change is a companion to the tzname change in 2014h, and is + designed to make timezone and altzone more compatible with tzname. + + The tz library's functions now set errno to EOVERFLOW if they fail + because the result cannot be represented. ctime and ctime_r now + return NULL and set errno when a time stamp is out of range, rather + than having undefined behavior. + + Some bugs associated with the new 2014g functions have been fixed. + This includes a bug that largely incapacitated the new functions + time2posix_z and posix2time_z. (Thanks to Christos Zoulas.) + It also includes some uses of uninitialized variables after tzalloc. + The new code uses the standard type 'ssize_t', which the Makefile + now gives porting advice about. + + Changes affecting commentary + + Updated URLs for NRC Canada (thanks to Matt Johnson and Brian Inglis). + + +Release 2014h - 2014-09-25 18:59:03 -0700 + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + America/Jamaica's 1974 spring-forward transition was Jan. 6, not Apr. 28. + + Shanks says Asia/Novokuznetsk switched from LMT (not "NMT") on 1924-05-01, + not 1920-01-06. The old entry was based on a misinterpretation of Shanks. + + Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed + from existing zones only for older time stamps. As usual, + these changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only. + Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + The affected zones are: Africa/Blantyre, Africa/Bujumbura, + Africa/Gaborone, Africa/Harare, Africa/Kigali, Africa/Lubumbashi, + Africa/Lusaka, Africa/Maseru, and Africa/Mbabane. + + Changes affecting code + + zdump -V and -v now output gmtoff= values on all platforms, + not merely on platforms defining TM_GMTOFF. + + The tz library's localtime and mktime functions now set tzname to a value + appropriate for the requested time stamp, and zdump now uses this + on platforms not defining TM_ZONE, fixing a 2014g regression. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti for reporting the problem.) + + The tz library no longer sets tzname if localtime or mktime fails. + + zdump -c no longer mishandles transitions near year boundaries. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti for reporting the problem.) + + An access to uninitialized data has been fixed. + (Thanks to Jörg Richter for reporting the problem.) + + When THREAD_SAFE is defined, the code ports to the C11 memory model. + A memory leak has been fixed if ALL_STATE and THREAD_SAFE are defined + and two threads race to initialize data used by gmtime-like functions. + (Thanks to Andy Heninger for reporting the problems.) + + Changes affecting build procedure + + 'make check' now checks better for properly-sorted data. + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + zdump's gmtoff=N output is now documented, and its isdst=D output + is now documented to possibly output D values other than 0 or 1. + + zdump -c's treatment of years is now documented to use the + Gregorian calendar and Universal Time without leap seconds, + and its behavior at cutoff boundaries is now documented better. + (Thanks to Arthur David Olson and Tim Parenti for reporting the problems.) + + Programs are now documented to use the proleptic Gregorian calendar. + (Thanks to Alan Barrett for the suggestion.) + + Fractional-second GMT offsets have been documented for civil time + in 19th-century Chennai, Jakarta, and New York. + + +Release 2014g - 2014-08-28 12:31:23 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Turks & Caicos is switching from US eastern time to UT -04 + year-round, modeled as a switch on 2014-11-02 at 02:00. + [As noted in 2014j, this switch was later delayed.] + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Time in Russia or the USSR before 1926 or so has been corrected by + a few seconds in the following zones: Asia/Irkutsk, + Asia/Krasnoyarsk, Asia/Omsk, Asia/Samarkand, Asia/Tbilisi, + Asia/Vladivostok, Asia/Yakutsk, Europe/Riga, Europe/Samara. For + Asia/Yekaterinburg the correction is a few minutes. (Thanks to + Vladimir Karpinsky.) + + The Portuguese decree of 1911-05-26 took effect on 1912-01-01. + This affects 1911 time stamps in Africa/Bissau, Africa/Luanda, + Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. Also, Lisbon's pre-1912 + GMT offset was -0:36:45 (rounded from -0:36:44.68), not -0:36:32. + (Thanks to Stephen Colebourne for pointing to the decree.) + + Asia/Dhaka ended DST on 2009-12-31 at 24:00, not 23:59. + + A new file 'backzone' contains data which may appeal to + connoisseurs of old time stamps, although it is out of scope for + the tz database, is often poorly sourced, and contains some data + that is known to be incorrect. The new file is not recommended + for ordinary use and its entries are not installed by default. + (Thanks to Lester Caine for the high-quality Jersey, Guernsey, and + Isle of Man entries.) + + Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed + from existing zones only for older time stamps. As usual, + these changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only. + Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + The affected zones are: Africa/Bangui, Africa/Brazzaville, + Africa/Douala, Africa/Kinshasa, Africa/Libreville, Africa/Luanda, + Africa/Malabo, Africa/Niamey, and Africa/Porto-Novo. + + Changes affecting code + + Unless NETBSD_INSPIRED is defined to 0, the tz library now + supplies functions for creating and using objects that represent + time zones. The new functions are tzalloc, tzfree, localtime_rz, + mktime_z, and (if STD_INSPIRED is also defined) posix2time_z and + time2posix_z. They are intended for performance: for example, + localtime_rz (unlike localtime_r) is trivially thread-safe without + locking. (Thanks to Christos Zoulas for proposing NetBSD-inspired + functions, and to Alan Barrett and Jonathan Lennox for helping to + debug the change.) + + zdump now builds with the tz library unless USE_LTZ is defined to 0, + This lets zdump use tz features even if the system library lacks them. + To build zdump with the system library, use 'make CFLAGS=-DUSE_LTZ=0 + TZDOBJS=zdump.o CHECK_TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES='. + + zdump now uses localtime_rz if available, as it's significantly faster, + and it can help zdump better diagnose invalid time zone names. + Define HAVE_LOCALTIME_RZ to 0 to suppress this. HAVE_LOCALTIME_RZ + defaults to 1 if NETBSD_INSPIRED && USE_LTZ. When localtime_rz is + not available, zdump now uses localtime_r and tzset if available, + as this is a bit cleaner and faster than plain localtime. Compile + with -DHAVE_LOCALTIME_R=0 and/or -DHAVE_TZSET=0 if your system + lacks these two functions. + + If THREAD_SAFE is defined to 1, the tz library is now thread-safe. + Although not needed for tz's own applications, which are single-threaded, + this supports POSIX better if the tz library is used in multithreaded apps. + + Some crashes have been fixed when zdump or the tz library is given + invalid or outlandish input. + + The tz library no longer mishandles leap seconds on platforms with + unsigned time_t in time zones that lack ordinary transitions after 1970. + + The tz code now attempts to infer TM_GMTOFF and TM_ZONE if not + already defined, to make it easier to configure on common platforms. + Define NO_TM_GMTOFF and NO_TM_ZONE to suppress this. + + Unless the new macro UNINIT_TRAP is defined to 1, the tz code now + assumes that reading uninitialized memory yields garbage values + but does not cause other problems such as traps. + + If TM_GMTOFF is defined and UNINIT_TRAP is 0, mktime is now + more likely to guess right for ambiguous time stamps near + transitions where tm_isdst does not change. + + If HAVE_STRFTIME_L is defined to 1, the tz library now defines + strftime_l for compatibility with recent versions of POSIX. + Only the C locale is supported, though. HAVE_STRFTIME_L defaults + to 1 on recent POSIX versions, and to 0 otherwise. + + tzselect -c now uses a hybrid distance measure that works better + in Africa. (Thanks to Alan Barrett for noting the problem.) + + The C source code now ports to NetBSD when GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS is used, + or when time_tz is defined. + + When HAVE_UTMPX_H is set the 'date' command now builds on systems + whose file does not define WTMPX_FILE, and when setting + the date it updates the wtmpx file if _PATH_WTMPX is defined. + This affects GNU/Linux and similar systems. + + For easier maintenance later, some C code has been simplified, + some lint has been removed, and the code has been tweaked so that + plain 'make' is more likely to work. + + The C type 'bool' is now used for boolean values, instead of 'int'. + + The long-obsolete LOCALE_HOME code has been removed. + + The long-obsolete 'gtime' function has been removed. + + Changes affecting build procedure + + 'zdump' no longer links in ialloc.o, as it's not needed. + + 'make check_time_t_alternatives' no longer assumes GNU diff. + + Changes affecting distribution tarballs + + The files checktab.awk and zoneinfo2tdf.pl are now distributed in + the tzdata tarball instead of the tzcode tarball, since they help + maintain the data. The NEWS and Theory files are now also + distributed in the tzdata tarball, as they're relevant for data. + (Thanks to Alan Barrett for pointing this out.) Also, the + leapseconds.awk file is no longer distributed in the tzcode + tarball, since it belongs in the tzdata tarball (where 2014f + inadvertently also distributed it). + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + A new file CONTRIBUTING is distributed. (Thanks to Tim Parenti for + suggesting a CONTRIBUTING file, and to Tony Finch and Walter Harms + for debugging it.) + + The man pages have been updated to use function prototypes, + to document thread-safe variants like localtime_r, and to document + the NetBSD-inspired functions tzalloc, tzfree, localtime_rz, and + mktime_z. + + The fields in Link lines have been renamed to be more descriptive + and more like the parameters of 'ln'. LINK-FROM has become TARGET, + and LINK-TO has become LINK-NAME. + + tz-link.htm mentions the IETF's tzdist working group; Windows + Runtime etc. (thanks to Matt Johnson); and HP-UX's tztab. + + Some broken URLs have been fixed in the commentary. (Thanks to + Lester Caine.) + + Commentary about Philippines DST has been updated, and commentary + on pre-1970 time in India has been added. + + +Release 2014f - 2014-08-05 17:42:36 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Russia will subtract an hour from most of its time zones on 2014-10-26 + at 02:00 local time. (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.) + There are a few exceptions: Magadan Oblast (Asia/Magadan) and Zabaykalsky + Krai are subtracting two hours; conversely, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug + (Asia/Anadyr), Kamchatka Krai (Asia/Kamchatka), Kemerovo Oblast + (Asia/Novokuznetsk), and the Samara Oblast and the Udmurt Republic + (Europe/Samara) are not changing their clocks. The changed zones are + Europe/Kaliningrad, Europe/Moscow, Europe/Simferopol, Europe/Volgograd, + Asia/Yekaterinburg, Asia/Omsk, Asia/Novosibirsk, Asia/Krasnoyarsk, + Asia/Irkutsk, Asia/Yakutsk, Asia/Vladivostok, Asia/Khandyga, + Asia/Sakhalin, and Asia/Ust-Nera; Asia/Magadan will have two hours + subtracted; and Asia/Novokuznetsk's time zone abbreviation is affected, + but not its UTC offset. Two zones are added: Asia/Chita (split + from Asia/Yakutsk, and also with two hours subtracted) and + Asia/Srednekolymsk (split from Asia/Magadan, but with only one hour + subtracted). (Thanks to Tim Parenti for much of the above.) + + Changes affecting time zone abbreviations + + Australian eastern time zone abbreviations are now AEST/AEDT not EST, + and similarly for the other Australian zones. That is, for eastern + standard and daylight saving time the abbreviations are AEST and AEDT + instead of the former EST for both; similarly, ACST/ACDT, ACWST/ACWDT, + and AWST/AWDT are now used instead of the former CST, CWST, and WST. + This change does not affect UTC offsets, only time zone abbreviations. + (Thanks to Rich Tibbett and many others.) + + Asia/Novokuznetsk shifts from NOVT to KRAT (remaining on UT +07) + effective 2014-10-26 at 02:00 local time. + + The time zone abbreviation for Xinjiang Time (observed in Ürümqi) + has been changed from URUT to XJT. (Thanks to Luther Ma.) + + Prefer MSK/MSD for Moscow time in Russia, even in other cities. + Similarly, prefer EET/EEST for eastern European time in Russia. + + Change time zone abbreviations in (western) Samoa to use "ST" and + "DT" suffixes, as this is more likely to match common practice. + Prefix "W" to (western) Samoa time when its standard-time offset + disagrees with that of American Samoa. + + America/Metlakatla now uses PST, not MeST, to abbreviate its time zone. + + Time zone abbreviations have been updated for Japan's two time + zones used 1896-1937. JWST now stands for Western Standard + Time, and JCST for Central Standard Time (formerly this was CJT). + These abbreviations are now used for time in Korea, Taiwan, + and Sakhalin while controlled by Japan. + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + China's five zones have been simplified to two, since the post-1970 + differences in the other three seem to have been imaginary. The + zones Asia/Harbin, Asia/Chongqing, and Asia/Kashgar have been + removed; backwards-compatibility links still work, albeit with + different behaviors for time stamps before May 1980. Asia/Urumqi's + 1980 transition to UT +08 has been removed, so that it is now at + +06 and not +08. (Thanks to Luther Ma and to Alois Treindl; + Treindl sent helpful translations of two papers by Guo Qingsheng.) + + Some zones have been turned into links, when they differed from existing + zones only for older UTC offsets where data entries were likely invented. + These changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only. This is + similar to the change in release 2013e, except this time for western + Africa. The affected zones are: Africa/Bamako, Africa/Banjul, + Africa/Conakry, Africa/Dakar, Africa/Freetown, Africa/Lome, + Africa/Nouakchott, Africa/Ouagadougou, Africa/Sao_Tome, and + Atlantic/St_Helena. This also affects the backwards-compatibility + link Africa/Timbuktu. (Thanks to Alan Barrett, Stephen Colebourne, + Tim Parenti, and David Patte for reporting problems in earlier + versions of this change.) + + Asia/Shanghai's pre-standard-time UT offset has been changed from + 8:05:57 to 8:05:43, the location of Xujiahui Observatory. Its + transition to standard time has been changed from 1928 to 1901. + + Asia/Taipei switched to JWST on 1896-01-01, then to JST on 1937-10-01, + then to CST on 1945-09-21 at 01:00, and did not observe DST in 1945. + In 1946 it observed DST from 05-15 through 09-30; in 1947 + from 04-15 through 10-31; and in 1979 from 07-01 through 09-30. + (Thanks to Yu-Cheng Chuang.) + + Asia/Riyadh's transition to standard time is now 1947-03-14, not 1950. + + Europe/Helsinki's 1942 fall-back transition was 10-04 at 01:00, not + 10-03 at 00:00. (Thanks to Konstantin Hyppönen.) + + Pacific/Pago_Pago has been changed from UT -11:30 to -11 for the + period from 1911 to 1950. + + Pacific/Chatham has been changed to New Zealand standard time plus + 45 minutes for the period before 1957, reflecting a 1956 remark in + the New Zealand parliament. + + Europe/Budapest has several pre-1946 corrections: in 1918 the transition + out of DST was on 09-16, not 09-29; in 1919 it was on 11-24, not 09-15; in + 1945 it was on 11-01, not 11-03; in 1941 the transition to DST was 04-08 + not 04-06 at 02:00; and there was no DST in 1920. + + Africa/Accra is now assumed to have observed DST from 1920 through 1935. + + Time in Russia before 1927 or so has been corrected by a few seconds in + the following zones: Europe/Moscow, Asia/Irkutsk, Asia/Tbilisi, + Asia/Tashkent, Asia/Vladivostok, Asia/Yekaterinburg, Europe/Helsinki, and + Europe/Riga. Also, Moscow's location has been changed to its Kilometer 0 + point. (Thanks to Vladimir Karpinsky for the Moscow changes.) + + Changes affecting data format + + A new file 'zone1970.tab' supersedes 'zone.tab' in the installed data. + The new file's extended format allows multiple country codes per zone. + The older file is still installed but is deprecated; its format is + not changing and it will still be distributed for a while, but new + applications should use the new file. + + The new file format simplifies maintenance of obscure locations. + To test this, it adds coverage for the Crozet Islands and the + Scattered Islands. (Thanks to Tobias Conradi and Antoine Leca.) + + The file 'iso3166.tab' is planned to switch from ASCII to UTF-8. + It is still ASCII now, but commentary about the switch has been added. + The new file 'zone1970.tab' already uses UTF-8. + + Changes affecting code + + 'localtime', 'mktime', etc. now use much less stack space if ALL_STATE + is defined. (Thanks to Elliott Hughes for reporting the problem.) + + 'zic' no longer mishandles input when ignoring case in locales that + are not compatible with English, e.g., unibyte Turkish locales when + compiled with HAVE_GETTEXT. + + Error diagnostics of 'zic' and 'yearistype' have been reworded so that + they no longer use ASCII '-' as if it were a dash. + + 'zic' now rejects output file names that contain '.' or '..' components. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti for reporting the problem.) + + 'zic -v' now warns about output file names that do not follow + POSIX rules, or that contain a digit or '.'. (Thanks to Arthur + David Olson for starting the ball rolling on this.) + + Some lint has been removed when using GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS with GCC 4.9.0. + + Changes affecting build procedure + + 'zic' no longer links in localtime.o and asctime.o, as they're not needed. + (Thanks to John Cochran.) + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + The 'Theory' file documents legacy names, the longstanding + exceptions to the POSIX-inspired file name rules. + + The 'zic' documentation clarifies the role of time types when + interpreting dates. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Documentation and commentary now prefer UTF-8 to US-ASCII, + allowing the use of proper accents in foreign words and names. + Code and data have not changed because of this. (Thanks to + Garrett Wollman, Ian Abbott, and Guy Harris for helping to debug + this.) + + Non-HTML documentation and commentary now use plain-text URLs instead of + HTML insertions, and are more consistent about bracketing URLs when they + are not already surrounded by white space. (Thanks to suggestions by + Steffen Nurpmeso.) + + There is new commentary about Xujiahui Observatory, the five time-zone + project in China from 1918 to 1949, timekeeping in Japanese-occupied + Shanghai, and Tibet Time in the 1950s. The sharp-eyed can spot the + warlord Jin Shuren in the data. + + Commentary about the coverage of each Russian zone has been standardized. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti). + + There is new commentary about contemporary timekeeping in Ethiopia. + + Obsolete comments about a 2007 proposal for DST in Kuwait has been removed. + + There is new commentary about time in Poland in 1919. + + Proper credit has been given to DST inventor George Vernon Hudson. + + Commentary about time in Metlakatla, AK and Resolute, NU has been + improved, with a new source for the former. + + In zone.tab, Pacific/Easter no longer mentions Salas y Gómez, as it + is uninhabited. + + Commentary about permanent Antarctic bases has been updated. + + Several typos have been corrected. (Thanks to Tim Parenti for + contributing some of these fixes.) + + tz-link.htm now mentions the JavaScript libraries Moment Timezone, + TimezoneJS.Date, Walltime-js, and Timezone. (Thanks to a heads-up + from Matt Johnson.) Also, it mentions the Go 'latlong' package. + (Thanks to a heads-up from Dirkjan Ochtman.) + + The files usno1988, usno1989, usno1989a, usno1995, usno1997, and usno1998 + have been removed. These obsolescent US Naval Observatory entries were no + longer helpful for maintenance. (Thanks to Tim Parenti for the suggestion.) + + +Release 2014e - 2014-06-12 21:53:52 -0700 + + Changes affecting near-future time stamps + + Egypt's 2014 Ramadan-based transitions are June 26 and July 31 at 24:00. + (Thanks to Imed Chihi.) Guess that from 2015 on Egypt will temporarily + switch to standard time at 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and + back to DST at 00:00 the first Friday after Ramadan. + + Similarly, Morocco's are June 28 at 03:00 and August 2 at 02:00. (Thanks + to Milamber Space Network.) Guess that from 2015 on Morocco will + temporarily switch to standard time at 03:00 the last Saturday before + Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after Ramadan. + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + The abbreviation "MSM" (Moscow Midsummer Time) is now used instead of + "MSD" for Moscow's double daylight time in summer 1921. Also, a typo + "VLASST" has been repaired to be "VLAST" for Vladivostok summer time + in 1991. (Thanks to Hank W. for reporting the problems.) + + Changes affecting commentary + + tz-link.htm now cites RFC 7265 for jCal, mentions PTP and the + draft CalDAV extension, updates URLs for TSP, TZInfo, IATA, and + removes stale pointers to World Time Explorer and WORLDTIME. + + +Release 2014d - 2014-05-27 21:34:40 -0700 + + Changes affecting code + + zic no longer generates files containing time stamps before the Big Bang. + This works around GNOME bug 730332 + . + (Thanks to Leonardo Chiquitto for reporting the bug, and to + Arthur David Olson and James Cloos for suggesting improvements to the fix.) + + Changes affecting documentation + + tz-link.htm now mentions GNOME. + + +Release 2014c - 2014-05-13 07:44:13 -0700 + + Changes affecting near-future time stamps + + Egypt observes DST starting 2014-05-15 at 24:00. + (Thanks to Ahmad El-Dardiry and Gunther Vermier.) + Details have not been announced, except that DST will not be observed + during Ramadan. Guess that DST will stop during the same Ramadan dates as + Morocco, and that Egypt's future spring and fall transitions will be the + same as 2010 when it last observed DST, namely April's last Friday at + 00:00 to September's last Thursday at 23:00 standard time. Also, guess + that Ramadan transitions will be at 00:00 standard time. + + Changes affecting code + + zic now generates transitions for minimum time values, eliminating guesswork + when handling low-valued time stamps. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Port to Cygwin sans glibc. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Changes affecting commentary and documentation + + Remove now-confusing comment about Jordan. (Thanks to Oleksii Nochovnyi.) + + +Release 2014b - 2014-03-24 21:28:50 -0700 + + Changes affecting near-future time stamps + + Crimea switches to Moscow time on 2014-03-30 at 02:00 local time. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.) Move its zone.tab entry from UA to RU. + + New entry for Troll station, Antarctica. (Thanks to Paul-Inge Flakstad and + Bengt-Inge Larsson.) This is currently an approximation; a better version + will require the zic and localtime fixes mentioned below, and the plan is + to wait for a while until at least the zic fixes propagate. + + Changes affecting code + + 'zic' and 'localtime' no longer reject locations needing four transitions + per year for the foreseeable future. (Thanks to Andrew Main (Zefram).) + Also, 'zic' avoids some unlikely failures due to integer overflow. + + Changes affecting build procedure + + 'make check' now detects Rule lines defined but never used. + The NZAQ rules, an instance of this problem, have been removed. + + Changes affecting commentary and documentation + + Fix Tuesday/Thursday typo in description of time in Israel. + (Thanks to Bert Katz via Pavel Kharitonov and Mike Frysinger.) + + Microsoft Windows 8.1 doesn't support tz database names. (Thanks + to Donald MacQueen.) Instead, the Microsoft Windows Store app + library supports them. + + Add comments about Johnston Island time in the 1960s. + (Thanks to Lyle McElhaney.) + + Morocco's 2014 DST start will be as predicted. + (Thanks to Sebastien Willemijns.) + + +Release 2014a - 2014-03-07 23:30:29 -0800 + + Changes affecting near-future time stamps + + Turkey begins DST on 2014-03-31, not 03-30. (Thanks to Faruk Pasin for + the heads-up, and to Tim Parenti for simplifying the update.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Fiji ended DST on 2014-01-19 at 02:00, not the previously-scheduled 03:00. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Ukraine switched from Moscow to Eastern European time on 1990-07-01 + (not 1992-01-01), and observed DST during the entire next winter. + (Thanks to Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl.) + + In 1988 Israel observed DST from 04-10 to 09-04, not 04-09 to 09-03. + (Thanks to Avigdor Finkelstein.) + + Changes affecting code + + A uninitialized-storage bug in 'localtime' has been fixed. + (Thanks to Logan Chien.) + + Changes affecting the build procedure + + The settings for 'make check_web' now default to Ubuntu 13.10. + + Changes affecting commentary and documentation + + The boundary of the US Pacific time zone is given more accurately. + (Thanks to Alan Mintz.) + + Chile's 2014 DST will be as predicted. (Thanks to José Miguel Garrido.) + + Paraguay's 2014 DST will be as predicted. (Thanks to Carlos Raúl Perasso.) + + Better descriptions of countries with same time zone history as + Trinidad and Tobago since 1970. (Thanks to Alan Barrett for suggestion.) + + Several changes affect tz-link.htm, the main web page. + + Mention Time.is (thanks to Even Scharning) and WX-now (thanks to + David Braverman). + + Mention xCal (Internet RFC 6321) and jCal. + + Microsoft has some support for tz database names. + + CLDR data formats include both XML and JSON. + + Mention Maggiolo's map of solar vs standard time. + (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Mention TZ4Net. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + Mention the timezone-olson Haskell package. + + Mention zeitverschiebung.net. (Thanks to Martin Jäger.) + + Remove moribund links to daylight-savings-time.info and to + Simple Timer + Clocks. + + Update two links. (Thanks to Oscar van Vlijmen.) + + Fix some formatting glitches, e.g., remove random newlines from + abbr elements' title attributes. + + +Release 2013i - 2013-12-17 07:25:23 -0800 + + Changes affecting near-future time stamps: + + Jordan switches back to standard time at 00:00 on December 20, 2013. + The 2006-2011 transition schedule is planned to resume in 2014. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps: + + In 2004, Cuba began DST on March 28, not April 4. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes affecting code + + The compile-time flag NOSOLAR has been removed, as nowadays the + benefit of slightly shrinking runtime table size is outweighed by the + cost of disallowing potential future updates that exceed old limits. + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + The files solar87, solar88, and solar89 are no longer distributed. + They were a negative experiment - that is, a demonstration that + tz data can represent solar time only with some difficulty and error. + Their presence in the distribution caused confusion, as Riyadh + civil time was generally not solar time in those years. + + tz-link.htm now mentions Noda Time. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + +Release 2013h - 2013-10-25 15:32:32 -0700 + + Changes affecting current and future time stamps: + + Libya has switched its UT offset back to +02 without DST, instead + of +01 with DST. (Thanks to Even Scharning.) + + Western Sahara (Africa/El_Aaiun) uses Morocco's DST rules. + (Thanks to Gwillim Law.) + + Changes affecting future time stamps: + + Acre and (we guess) western Amazonas will switch from UT -04 to -05 + on 2013-11-10. This affects America/Rio_Branco and America/Eirunepe. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Add entries for DST transitions in Morocco in the year 2038. + This avoids some year-2038 glitches introduced in 2013g. + (Thanks to Yoshito Umaoka for reporting the problem.) + + Changes affecting API + + The 'tzselect' command no longer requires the 'select' command, + and should now work with /bin/sh on more platforms. It also works + around a bug in BusyBox awk before version 1.21.0. (Thanks to + Patrick 'P. J.' McDermott and Alan Barrett.) + + Changes affecting code + + Fix localtime overflow bugs with 32-bit unsigned time_t. + + zdump no longer assumes sscanf returns maximal values on overflow. + + Changes affecting the build procedure + + The builder can specify which programs to use, if any, instead of + 'ar' and 'ranlib', and libtz.a is now built locally before being + installed. (Thanks to Michael Forney.) + + A dependency typo in the 'zdump' rule has been fixed. + (Thanks to Andrew Paprocki.) + + The Makefile has been simplified by assuming that 'mkdir -p' and 'cp -f' + work as specified by POSIX.2-1992 or later; this is portable nowadays. + + 'make clean' no longer removes 'leapseconds', since it's + host-independent and is part of the distribution. + + The unused makefile macros TZCSRCS, TZDSRCS, DATESRCS have been removed. + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + tz-link.htm now mentions TC TIMEZONE's draft time zone service protocol + (thanks to Mike Douglass) and TimezoneJS.Date (thanks to Jim Fehrle). + + Update URLs in tz-link page. Add URLs for Microsoft Windows, since + 8.1 introduces tz support. Remove URLs for Tru64 and UnixWare (no + longer maintained) and for old advisories. SOFA now does C. + +Release 2013g - 2013-09-30 21:08:26 -0700 + + Changes affecting current and near-future time stamps + + Morocco now observes DST from the last Sunday in March to the last + Sunday in October, not April to September respectively. (Thanks + to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes affecting 'zic' + + 'zic' now runs on platforms that lack both hard links and symlinks. + (Thanks to Theo Veenker for reporting the problem, for MinGW.) + Also, fix some bugs on platforms that lack hard links but have symlinks. + + 'zic -v' again warns that Asia/Tehran has no POSIX environment variable + to predict the far future, fixing a bug introduced in 2013e. + + Changes affecting the build procedure + + The 'leapseconds' file is again put into the tzdata tarball. + Also, 'leapseconds.awk', so tzdata is self-contained. (Thanks to + Matt Burgess and Ian Abbott.) The timestamps of these and other + dependent files in tarballs are adjusted more consistently. + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + The README file is now part of the data tarball as well as the code. + It now states that files are public domain unless otherwise specified. + (Thanks to Andrew Main (Zefram) for asking for clarifications.) + Its details about the 1989 release moved to a place of honor near + the end of NEWS. + + +Release 2013f - 2013-09-24 23:37:36 -0700 + + Changes affecting near-future time stamps + + Tocantins will very likely not observe DST starting this spring. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Jordan will likely stay at UT +03 indefinitely, and will not fall + back this fall. + + Palestine will fall back at 00:00, not 01:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes affecting API + + The types of the global variables 'timezone' and 'altzone' (if present) + have been changed back to 'long'. This is required for 'timezone' + by POSIX, and for 'altzone' by common practice, e.g., Solaris 11. + These variables were originally 'long' in the tz code, but were + mistakenly changed to 'time_t' in 1987; nobody reported the + incompatibility until now. The difference matters on x32, where + 'long' is 32 bits and 'time_t' is 64. (Thanks to Elliott Hughes.) + + Changes affecting the build procedure + + Avoid long strings in leapseconds.awk to work around a mawk bug. + (Thanks to Cyril Baurand.) + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + New file 'NEWS' that contains release notes like this one. + + Paraguay's law does not specify DST transition time; 00:00 is customary. + (Thanks to Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo.) + + Minor capitalization fixes. + + Changes affecting version-control only + + The experimental GitHub repository now contains annotated and + signed tags for recent releases, e.g., '2013e' for Release 2013e. + Releases are tagged starting with 2012e; earlier releases were + done differently, and tags would either not have a simple name or + not exactly match what was released. + + 'make set-timestamps' is now simpler and a bit more portable. + + +Release 2013e - 2013-09-19 23:50:04 -0700 + + Changes affecting near-future time stamps + + This year Fiji will start DST on October 27, not October 20. + (Thanks to David Wheeler for the heads-up.) For now, guess that + Fiji will continue to spring forward the Sunday before the fourth + Monday in October. + + Changes affecting current and future time zone abbreviations + + Use WIB/WITA/WIT rather than WIT/CIT/EIT for alphabetic Indonesian + time zone abbreviations since 1932. (Thanks to George Ziegler, + Priyadi Iman Nurcahyo, Zakaria, Jason Grimes, Martin Pitt, and + Benny Lin.) This affects Asia/Dili, Asia/Jakarta, Asia/Jayapura, + Asia/Makassar, and Asia/Pontianak. + + Use ART (UT -03, standard time), rather than WARST (also -03, but + daylight saving time) for San Luis, Argentina since 2009. + + Changes affecting Godthåb time stamps after 2037 if version mismatch + + Allow POSIX-like TZ strings where the transition time's hour can + range from -167 through 167, instead of the POSIX-required 0 + through 24. E.g., TZ='FJT-12FJST,M10.3.1/146,M1.3.4/75' for the + new Fiji rules. This is a more-compact way to represent + far-future time stamps for America/Godthab, America/Santiago, + Antarctica/Palmer, Asia/Gaza, Asia/Hebron, Asia/Jerusalem, + Pacific/Easter, and Pacific/Fiji. Other zones are unaffected by + this change. (Derived from a suggestion by Arthur David Olson.) + + Allow POSIX-like TZ strings where daylight saving time is in + effect all year. E.g., TZ='WART4WARST,J1/0,J365/25' for Western + Argentina Summer Time all year. This supports a more-compact way + to represent the 2013d data for America/Argentina/San_Luis. + Because of the change for San Luis noted above this change does not + affect the current data. (Thanks to Andrew Main (Zefram) for + suggestions that improved this change.) + + Where these two TZ changes take effect, there is a minor extension + to the tz file format in that it allows new values for the + embedded TZ-format string, and the tz file format version number + has therefore been increased from 2 to 3 as a precaution. + Version-2-based client code should continue to work as before for + all time stamps before 2038. Existing version-2-based client code + (tzcode, GNU/Linux, Solaris) has been tested on version-3-format + files, and typically works in practice even for time stamps after + 2037; the only known exception is America/Godthab. + + Changes affecting time stamps before 1970 + + Pacific/Johnston is now a link to Pacific/Honolulu. This corrects + some errors before 1947. + + Some zones have been turned into links, when they differ from existing + zones only in older data entries that were likely invented or that + differ only in LMT or transitions from LMT. These changes affect + only time stamps before 1943. The affected zones are: + Africa/Juba, America/Anguilla, America/Aruba, America/Dominica, + America/Grenada, America/Guadeloupe, America/Marigot, + America/Montserrat, America/St_Barthelemy, America/St_Kitts, + America/St_Lucia, America/St_Thomas, America/St_Vincent, + America/Tortola, and Europe/Vaduz. (Thanks to Alois Treindl for + confirming that the old Europe/Vaduz zone was wrong and the new + link is better for WWII-era times.) + + Change Kingston Mean Time from -5:07:12 to -5:07:11. This affects + America/Cayman, America/Jamaica and America/Grand_Turk time stamps + from 1890 to 1912. + + Change the UT offset of Bern Mean Time from 0:29:44 to 0:29:46. + This affects Europe/Zurich time stamps from 1853 to 1894. (Thanks + to Alois Treindl). + + Change the date of the circa-1850 Zurich transition from 1849-09-12 + to 1853-07-16, overriding Shanks with data from Messerli about + postal and telegraph time in Switzerland. + + Changes affecting time zone abbreviations before 1970 + + For Asia/Jakarta, use BMT (not JMT) for mean time from 1923 to 1932, + as Jakarta was called Batavia back then. + + Changes affecting API + + The 'zic' command now outputs a dummy transition when far-future + data can't be summarized using a TZ string, and uses a 402-year + window rather than a 400-year window. For the current data, this + affects only the Asia/Tehran file. It does not affect any of the + time stamps that this file represents, so zdump outputs the same + information as before. (Thanks to Andrew Main (Zefram).) + + The 'date' command has a new '-r' option, which lets you specify + the integer time to display, a la FreeBSD. + + The 'tzselect' command has two new options '-c' and '-n', which lets you + select a zone based on latitude and longitude. + + The 'zic' command's '-v' option now warns about constructs that + require the new version-3 binary file format. (Thanks to Arthur + David Olson for the suggestion.) + + Support for floating-point time_t has been removed. + It was always dicey, and POSIX no longer requires it. + (Thanks to Eric Blake for suggesting to the POSIX committee to + remove it, and thanks to Alan Barrett, Clive D.W. Feather, Andy + Heninger, Arthur David Olson, and Alois Treindl, for reporting + bugs and elucidating some of the corners of the old floating-point + implementation.) + + The signatures of 'offtime', 'timeoff', and 'gtime' have been + changed back to the old practice of using 'long' to represent UT + offsets. This had been inadvertently and mistakenly changed to + 'int_fast32_t'. (Thanks to Christos Zoulas.) + + The code avoids undefined behavior on integer overflow in some + more places, including gmtime, localtime, mktime and zdump. + + Changes affecting the zdump utility + + zdump now outputs "UT" when referring to Universal Time, not "UTC". + "UTC" does not make sense for time stamps that predate the introduction + of UTC, whereas "UT", a more-generic term, does. (Thanks to Steve Allen + for clarifying UT vs UTC.) + + Data changes affecting behavior of tzselect and similar programs + + Country code BQ is now called the more-common name "Caribbean Netherlands" + rather than the more-official "Bonaire, St Eustatius & Saba". + + Remove from zone.tab the names America/Montreal, America/Shiprock, + and Antarctica/South_Pole, as they are equivalent to existing + same-country-code zones for post-1970 time stamps. The data entries for + these names are unchanged, so the names continue to work as before. + + Changes affecting code internals + + zic -c now runs way faster on 64-bit hosts when given large numbers. + + zic now uses vfprintf to avoid allocating and freeing some memory. + + tzselect now computes the list of continents from the data, + rather than have it hard-coded. + + Minor changes pacify GCC 4.7.3 and GCC 4.8.1. + + Changes affecting the build procedure + + The 'leapseconds' file is now generated automatically from a + new file 'leap-seconds.list', which is a copy of + . + A new source file 'leapseconds.awk' implements this. + The goal is simplification of the future maintenance of 'leapseconds'. + + When building the 'posix' or 'right' subdirectories, if the + subdirectory would be a copy of the default subdirectory, it is + now made a symbolic link if that is supported. This saves about + 2 MB of file system space. + + The links America/Shiprock and Antarctica/South_Pole have been + moved to the 'backward' file. This affects only nondefault builds + that omit 'backward'. + + Changes affecting version-control only + + .gitignore now ignores 'date'. + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + Changes to the 'tzfile' man page + + It now mentions that the binary file format may be extended in + future versions by appending data. + + It now refers to the 'zdump' and 'zic' man pages. + + Changes to the 'zic' man page + + It lists conditions that elicit a warning with '-v'. + + It says that the behavior is unspecified when duplicate names + are given, or if the source of one link is the target of another. + + Its examples are updated to match the latest data. + + The definition of white space has been clarified slightly. + (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) + + Changes to the 'Theory' file + + There is a new section about the accuracy of the tz database, + describing the many ways that errors can creep in, and + explaining why so many of the pre-1970 time stamps are wrong or + misleading (thanks to Steve Allen, Lester Caine, and Garrett + Wollman for discussions that contributed to this). + + The 'Theory' file describes LMT better (this follows a + suggestion by Guy Harris). + + It refers to the 2013 edition of POSIX rather than the 2004 edition. + + It's mentioned that excluding 'backward' should not affect the + other data, and it suggests at least one zone.tab name per + inhabited country (thanks to Stephen Colebourne). + + Some longstanding restrictions on names are documented, e.g., + 'America/New_York' precludes 'America/New_York/Bronx'. + + It gives more reasons for the 1970 cutoff. + + It now mentions which time_t variants are supported, such as + signed integer time_t. (Thanks to Paul Goyette for reporting + typos in an experimental version of this change.) + + (Thanks to Philip Newton for correcting typos in these changes.) + + Documentation and commentary is more careful to distinguish UT in + general from UTC in particular. (Thanks to Steve Allen.) + + Add a better source for the Zurich 1894 transition. + (Thanks to Pierre-Yves Berger.) + + Update shapefile citations in tz-link.htm. (Thanks to Guy Harris.) + + +Release 2013d - 2013-07-05 07:38:01 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps: + + Morocco's midsummer transitions this year are July 7 and August 10, + not July 9 and August 8. (Thanks to Andrew Paprocki.) + + Israel now falls back on the last Sunday of October. + (Thanks to Ephraim Silverberg.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps: + + Specify Jerusalem's location more precisely; this changes the pre-1880 + times by 2 s. + + Changing affecting metadata only: + + Fix typos in the entries for country codes BQ and SX. + + Changes affecting code: + + Rework the code to fix a bug with handling Australia/Macquarie on + 32-bit hosts (thanks to Arthur David Olson). + + Port to platforms like NetBSD, where time_t can be wider than long. + + Add support for testing time_t types other than the system's. + Run 'make check_time_t_alternatives' to try this out. + Currently, the tests fail for unsigned time_t; + this should get fixed at some point. + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary: + + Deemphasize the significance of national borders. + + Update the zdump man page. + + Remove obsolete NOID comment (thanks to Denis Excoffier). + + Update several URLs and comments in the web pages. + + Spelling fixes (thanks to Kevin Lyda and Jonathan Leffler). + + Update URL for CLDR Zone->Tzid table (thanks to Yoshito Umaoka). + + +Release 2013c - 2013-04-19 16:17:40 -0700 + + Changes affecting current and future time stamps: + + Palestine observed DST starting March 29, 2013. (Thanks to + Steffen Thorsen.) From 2013 on, Gaza and Hebron both observe DST, + with the predicted rules being the last Thursday in March at 24:00 + to the first Friday on or after September 21 at 01:00. + + Assume that the recent change to Paraguay's DST rules is permanent, + by moving the end of DST to the 4th Sunday in March every year. + (Thanks to Carlos Raúl Perasso.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps: + + Fix some historical data for Palestine to agree with that of + timeanddate.com, as follows: + + The spring 2008 change in Gaza and Hebron was on 00:00 Mar 28, not + 00:00 Apr 1. + + The fall 2009 change in Gaza and Hebron on Sep 4 was at 01:00, not + 02:00. + + The spring 2010 change in Hebron was 00:00 Mar 26, not 00:01 Mar 27. + + The spring 2011 change in Gaza was 00:01 Apr 1, not 12:01 Apr 2. + + The spring 2011 change in Hebron on Apr 1 was at 00:01, not 12:01. + + The fall 2011 change in Hebron on Sep 30 was at 00:00, not 03:00. + + Fix times of habitation for Macquarie to agree with the Tasmania + Parks & Wildlife Service history, which indicates that permanent + habitation was 1899-1919 and 1948 on. + + Changing affecting metadata only: + + Macquarie Island is politically part of Australia, not Antarctica. + (Thanks to Tobias Conradi.) + + Sort Macquarie more-consistently with other parts of Australia. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) + + +Release 2013b - 2013-03-10 22:33:40 -0700 + + Changes affecting current and future time stamps: + + Haiti uses US daylight-saving rules this year, and presumably future years. + This changes time stamps starting today. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Paraguay will end DST on March 24 this year. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) For now, assume it's just this year. + + Morocco does not observe DST during Ramadan; + try to predict Ramadan in Morocco as best we can. + (Thanks to Erik Homoet for the heads-up.) + + Changes affecting commentary: + + Update URLs in tz-link page. Add URLs for webOS, BB10, iOS. + Update URL for Solaris. Mention Internet RFC 6557. + Update Internet RFCs 2445->5545, 2822->5322. + Switch from FTP to HTTP for Internet RFCs. + + +Release 2013a - 2013-02-27 09:20:35 -0800 + + Change affecting binary data format: + + The zone offset at the end of version-2-format zone files is now + allowed to be 24:00, as per POSIX.1-2008. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Changes affecting current and future time stamps: + + Chile's 2013 rules, and we guess rules for 2014 and later, will be + the same as 2012, namely Apr Sun>=23 03:00 UTC to Sep Sun>=2 04:00 UTC. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen and Robert Elz.) + + New Zones Asia/Khandyga, Asia/Ust-Nera, Europe/Busingen. + (Thanks to Tobias Conradi and Arthur David Olson.) + + Many changes affect historical time stamps before 1940. + These were deduced from: Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 + Feb;13(2):173-94 . + + Changes affecting the code: + + Fix zic bug that mishandled Egypt's 2010 changes (this also affected + the data). (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Fix localtime bug when time_t is unsigned and data files were generated + by a signed time_t system. (Thanks to Doug Bailey for reporting and + to Arthur David Olson for fixing.) + + Allow the email address for bug reports to be set by the packager. + The default is tz@iana.org, as before. (Thanks to Joseph S. Myers.) + + Update HTML checking to be compatible with Ubuntu 12.10. + + Check that files are a safe subset of ASCII. At some point we may + relax this requirement to a safe subset of UTF-8. Without the + check, some non-UTF-8 encodings were leaking into the distribution. + + Commentary changes: + + Restore a comment about copyright notices that was inadvertently deleted. + (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Improve the commentary about which districts observe what times + in Russia. (Thanks to Oscar van Vlijmen and Arthur David Olson). + + Add web page links to tz.js. + + Add "Run by the Monkeys" to tz-art. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + +Release 2012j - 2012-11-12 18:34:49 -0800 + + Libya moved to CET this weekend, but with DST planned next year. + (Thanks to Even Scharning, Steffen Thorsen, and Tim Parenti.) + + Signatures now have the extension .asc, not .sign, as that's more + standard. (Thanks to Phil Pennock.) + + The output of 'zdump --version', and of 'zic --version', now + uses a format that is more typical for --version. + (Thanks to Joseph S. Myers.) + + The output of 'tzselect --help', 'zdump --help', and 'zic --help' + now uses tz@iana.org rather than the old elsie address. + + zic -v now complains about abbreviations that are less than 3 + or more than 6 characters, as per Posix. Formerly, it checked + for abbreviations that were more than 3. + + 'make public' no longer puts its temporary directory under /tmp, + and uses the just-built zic rather than the system zic. + + Various fixes to documentation and commentary. + + +Release 2012i - 2012-11-03 12:57:09 -0700 + + Cuba switches from DST tomorrow at 01:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Linker flags can now be specified via LDFLAGS. + AWK now defaults to 'awk', not 'nawk'. + The shell in tzselect now defaults to /bin/bash, but this can + be overridden by specifying KSHELL. + The main web page now mentions the unofficial GitHub repository. + (Thanks to Mike Frysinger.) + + Tarball signatures can now be built by running 'make signatures'. + There are also new makefile rules 'tarballs', 'check_public', and + separate makefile rules for each tarball and signature file. + A few makefile rules are now more portable to strict POSIX. + + The main web page now lists the canonical IANA URL. + + +Release 2012h - 2012-10-26 22:49:10 -0700 + + Bahia no longer has DST. (Thanks to Kelley Cook.) + + Tocantins has DST. (Thanks to Rodrigo Severo.) + + Israel has new DST rules next year. (Thanks to Ephraim Silverberg.) + + Jordan stays on DST this winter. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Web page updates. + + More C modernization, except that at Arthur David Olson's suggestion + the instances of 'register' were kept. + + +Release 2012g - 2012-10-17 20:59:45 -0700 + + Samoa fall 2012 and later. (Thanks to Nicholas Pereira and Robert Elz.) + + Palestine fall 2012. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Assume C89. + + To attack the version-number problem, this release ships the file + 'Makefile' (which contains the release number) in both the tzcode and + the tzdata tarballs. The two Makefiles are identical, and should be + identical in any matching pair of tarballs, so it shouldn't matter + which order you extract the tarballs. Perhaps we can come up with a + better version-number scheme at some point; this scheme does have the + virtue of not adding more files. + + +Release 2012f - 2012-09-12 23:17:03 -0700 + + * australasia (Pacific/Fiji): Fiji DST is October 21 through January + 20 this year. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + +Release 2012e - 2012-08-02 20:44:55 -0700 + + * australasia (Pacific/Fakaofo): Tokelau is UT +13, not +14. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + * Use a single version number for both code and data. + + * .gitignore: New file. + + * Remove trailing white space. + + +Release code2012c-data2012d - 2012-07-19 16:35:33 -0700 + + Changes for Morocco's time stamps, which take effect in a couple of + hours, along with infrastructure changes to accommodate how the tz + code and data are released on IANA. + + +Release data2012c - 2012-03-27 12:17:25 -0400 + + africa + Summer time changes for Morocco (to start late April 2012) + + asia + Changes for 2012 for Gaza & the West Bank (Hebron) and Syria + + northamerica + Haiti following US/Canada rules for 2012 (and we're assuming, + for now anyway, for the future). + + +Release 2012b - 2012-03-02 12:29:15 +0700 + + There is just one change to tzcode2012b (compared with 2012a): + the Makefile that was accidentally included with 2012a has been + replaced with the version that should have been there, which is + identical with the previous version (from tzcode2011i). + + There are just two changes in tzdata2012b compared with 2012a. + + Most significantly, summer time in Cuba has been delayed 3 weeks + (now starts April 1 rather than March 11). Since Mar 11 (the old start + date, as listed in 2012a) is just a little over a week away, this + change is urgent. + + Less importantly, an excess tab in one of the changes in zone.tab + in 2012a has been removed. + + +Release 2012a - 2012-03-01 18:28:10 +0700 + + The changes in tzcode2012a (compared to the previous version, 2011i) + are entirely to the README and tz-art.htm and tz-link.htm files, if + none of those concern you, you can ignore the code update. The changes + reflect the changed addresses for the mailing list and the code and + data distribution points & methods (and a link to DateTime::TimeZone::Tzfile + has been added to tz-link.htm). + + In tzdata2012a (compared to the previous release, which was 2011n) + the major changes are: + Chile 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 summer time date adjustments. + Falkland Islands onto permanent summer time (we're assuming for the + foreseeable future, though 2012 is all we're fairly certain of.) + Armenia has abolished Summer Time. + Tokelau jumped the International Date Line back last December + (just the same as their near neighbour, Samoa). + America/Creston is a new zone for a small area of British Columbia + There will be a leapsecond 2012-06-30 23:59:60 UTC. + + Other minor changes are: + Corrections to 1918 Canadian summer time end dates. + Updated URL for UK time zone history (in comments) + A few typos in Le Corre's list of free French place names (comments) + + +Release data2011n - 2011-10-30 14:57:54 +0700 + + There are three changes of note - most urgently, Cuba (America/Havana) + has extended summer time by two weeks, now to end on Nov 13, rather than + the (already past) Oct 30. Second, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic + (Europe/Tiraspol) decided not to split from the rest of Moldova after + all, and consequently that zone has been removed (again) and reinstated + in the "backward" file as a link to Europe/Chisinau. And third, the + end date for Fiji's summer time this summer was moved forward from the + earlier planned Feb 26, to Jan 22. + + Apart from that, Moldova (MD) returns to a single entry in zone.tab + (and the incorrect syntax that was in the 2011m version of that file + is so fixed - it would have been fixed in a different way had this + change not happened - that's the "missing" sccs version id). + + +Release data2011m - 2011-10-24 21:42:16 +0700 + + In particular, the typos in comments in the data (2011-11-17 should have + been 2011-10-17 as Alan Barrett noted, and spelling of Tiraspol that + Tim Parenti noted) have been fixed, and the change for Ukraine has been + made in all 4 Ukrainian zones, rather than just Kiev (again, thanks to + Tim Parenti, and also Denys Gavrysh) + + In addition, I added Europe/Tiraspol to zone.tab. + + This time, all the files have new version numbers... (including the files + otherwise unchanged in 2011m that were changed in 2011l but didn't get new + version numbers there...) + + +Release data2011l - 2011-10-10 11:15:43 +0700 + + There are just 2 changes that cause different generated tzdata files from + zic, to Asia/Hebron and Pacific/Fiji - the possible change for Bahia, Brazil + is included, but commented out. Compared with the diff I sent out last week, + this version also includes attributions for the sources for the changes + (in much the same format as ado used, but the html tags have not been + checked, verified, or used in any way at all, so if there are errors there, + please let me know.) + + +Release data2011k - 2011-09-20 17:54:03 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2011j - 2011-09-12 09:22:49 -0400 + + (contemporary changes for Samoa; past changes for Kenya, Uganda, and + Tanzania); there are also two spelling corrections to comments in + the australasia file (with thanks to Christos Zoulas). + + +Release 2011i - 2011-08-29 05:56:32 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2011h - 2011-06-15 18:41:48 -0400 + + Russia and Curaçao changes + + +Release 2011g - 2011-04-25 09:07:22 -0400 + + update the rules for Egypt to reflect its abandonment of DST this year + + +Release 2011f - 2011-04-06 17:14:53 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2011e - 2011-03-31 16:04:38 -0400 + + Morocco, Chile, and tz-link changes + + +Release 2011d - 2011-03-14 09:18:01 -0400 + + changes that impact present-day time stamps in Cuba, Samoa, and Turkey + + +Release 2011c - 2011-03-07 09:30:09 -0500 + + These do affect current time stamps in Chile and Annette Island, Canada. + + +Release 2011b - 2011-02-07 08:44:50 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2011a - 2011-01-24 10:30:16 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2010o - 2010-11-01 09:18:23 -0400 + + change to the end of DST in Fiji in 2011 + + +Release 2010n - 2010-10-25 08:19:17 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2010m - 2010-09-27 09:24:48 -0400 + + Hong Kong, Vostok, and zic.c changes + + +Release 2010l - 2010-08-16 06:57:25 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2010k - 2010-07-26 10:42:27 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2010j - 2010-05-10 09:07:48 -0400 + + changes for Bahía de Banderas and for version naming + + +Release data2010i - 2010-04-16 18:50:45 -0400 + + the end of DST in Morocco on 2010-08-08 + + +Release data2010h - 2010-04-05 09:58:56 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2010g - 2010-03-24 11:14:53 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2010f - 2010-03-22 09:45:46 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2010e - 2010-03-08 14:24:27 -0500 + + corrects the Dhaka bug found by Danvin Ruangchan + + +Release data2010d - 2010-03-06 07:26:01 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2010c - 2010-03-01 09:20:58 -0500 + + changes including KRE's suggestion for earlier initialization of + "goahead" and "goback" structure elements + + +Release code2010a - 2010-02-16 10:40:04 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2010b - 2010-01-20 12:37:01 -0500 + + Mexico changes + + +Release data2010a - 2010-01-18 08:30:04 -0500 + + changes to Dhaka + + +Release data2009u - 2009-12-26 08:32:28 -0500 + + changes to DST in Bangladesh + + +Release 2009t - 2009-12-21 13:24:27 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2009s - 2009-11-14 10:26:32 -0500 + + (cosmetic) Antarctica change and the DST-in-Fiji-in-2009-and-2010 change + + +Release 2009r - 2009-11-09 10:10:31 -0500 + + "antarctica" and "tz-link.htm" changes + + +Release 2009q - 2009-11-02 09:12:40 -0500 + + with two corrections as reported by Eric Muller and Philip Newton + + +Release data2009p - 2009-10-23 15:05:27 -0400 + + Argentina (including San Luis) changes (with the correction from + Mariano Absatz) + + +Release data2009o - 2009-10-14 16:49:38 -0400 + + Samoa (commentary only), Pakistan, and Bangladesh changes + + +Release data2009n - 2009-09-22 15:13:38 -0400 + + added commentary for Argentina and a change to the end of DST in + 2009 in Pakistan + + +Release data2009m - 2009-09-03 10:23:43 -0400 + + Samoa and Palestine changes + + +Release data2009l - 2009-08-14 09:13:07 -0400 + + Samoa (comments only) and Egypt + + +Release 2009k - 2009-07-20 09:46:08 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2009j - 2009-06-15 06:43:59 -0400 + + Bangladesh change (with a short turnaround since the DST change is + impending) + + +Release 2009i - 2009-06-08 09:21:22 -0400 + + updating for DST in Bangladesh this year + + +Release 2009h - 2009-05-26 09:19:14 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2009g - 2009-04-20 16:34:07 -0400 + + Cairo + + +Release data2009f - 2009-04-10 11:00:52 -0400 + + correct DST in Pakistan + + +Release 2009e - 2009-04-06 09:08:11 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2009d - 2009-03-23 09:38:12 -0400 + + Morocco, Tunisia, Argentina, and American Astronomical Society changes + + +Release data2009c - 2009-03-16 09:47:51 -0400 + + change to the start of Cuban DST + + +Release 2009b - 2009-02-09 11:15:22 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2009a - 2009-01-21 10:09:39 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2008i - 2008-10-21 12:10:25 -0400 + + southamerica and zone.tab files, with Argentina DST rule changes and + United States zone reordering and recommenting + + +Release 2008h - 2008-10-13 07:33:56 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2008g - 2008-10-06 09:03:18 -0400 + + Fix a broken HTML anchor and update Brazil's DST transitions; + there's also a slight reordering of information in tz-art.htm. + + +Release data2008f - 2008-09-09 22:33:26 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2008e - 2008-07-28 14:11:17 -0400 + + changes by Arthur David Olson and Jesper Nørgaard Welen + + +Release data2008d - 2008-07-07 09:51:38 -0400 + + changes by Arthur David Olson, Paul Eggert, and Rodrigo Severo + + +Release data2008c - 2008-05-19 17:48:03 -0400 + + Pakistan, Morocco, and Mongolia + + +Release data2008b - 2008-03-24 08:30:59 -0400 + + including renaming Asia/Calcutta to Asia/Kolkata, with a backward + link provided + + +Release 2008a - 2008-03-08 05:42:16 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2007k - 2007-12-31 10:25:22 -0500 + + most importantly, changes to the "southamerica" file based on + Argentina's readoption of daylight saving time + + +Release 2007j - 2007-12-03 09:51:01 -0500 + + 1. eliminate the "P" (parameter) macro; + + 2. the "noncontroversial" changes circulated on the time zone + mailing list (less the changes to "logwtmp.c"); + + 3. eliminate "too many transition" errors when "min" is used in time + zone rules; + + 4. changes by Paul Eggert (including updated information for Venezuela). + + +Release data2007i - 2007-10-30 10:28:11 -0400 + + changes for Cuba and Syria + + +Release 2007h - 2007-10-01 10:05:51 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert, as well as an updated link to the ICU + project in tz-link.htm + + +Release 2007g - 2007-08-20 10:47:59 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + The "leapseconds" file has been updated to incorporate the most + recent International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service + (IERS) bulletin. + + There's an addition to tz-art.htm regarding the television show "Medium". + + +Release 2007f - 2007-05-07 10:46:46 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert (including Haiti, Turks and Caicos, and New + Zealand) + + changes to zic.c to allow hour values greater than 24 (along with + Paul's improved time value overflow checking) + + +Release 2007e - 2007-04-02 10:11:52 -0400 + + Syria and Honduras changes by Paul Eggert + + zic.c variable renaming changes by Arthur David Olson + + +Release 2007d - 2007-03-20 08:48:30 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + the elimination of white space at the ends of lines + + +Release 2007c - 2007-02-26 09:09:37 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2007b - 2007-02-12 09:34:20 -0500 + + Paul Eggert's proposed change to the quotation handling logic in zic.c. + + changes to the commentary in "leapseconds" reflecting the IERS + announcement that there is to be no positive leap second at the end + of June 2007. + + +Release 2007a - 2007-01-08 12:28:29 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + Derick Rethan's Asmara change + + Oscar van Vlijmen's Easter Island local mean time change + + symbolic link changes + + +Release 2006p - 2006-11-27 08:54:27 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2006o - 2006-11-06 09:18:07 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2006n - 2006-10-10 11:32:06 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2006m - 2006-10-02 15:32:35 -0400 + + changes for Uruguay, Palestine, and Egypt by Paul Eggert + + (minimalist) changes to zic.8 to clarify "until" information + + +Release data2006l - 2006-09-18 12:58:11 -0400 + + Paul's best-effort work on this coming weekend's Egypt time change + + +Release 2006k - 2006-08-28 12:19:09 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2006j - 2006-08-21 09:56:32 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release code2006i - 2006-08-07 12:30:55 -0400 + + localtime.c fixes + + Ken Pizzini's conversion script + + +Release code2006h - 2006-07-24 09:19:37 -0400 + + adds public domain notices to four files + + includes a fix for transition times being off by a second + + adds a new recording to the "arts" file (information courtesy Colin Bowern) + + +Release 2006g - 2006-05-08 17:18:09 -0400 + + northamerica changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2006f - 2006-05-01 11:46:00 -0400 + + a missing version number problem is fixed (with thanks to Bradley + White for catching the problem) + + +Release 2006d - 2006-04-17 14:33:43 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + added new items to tz-arts.htm that were found by Paul + + +Release 2006c - 2006-04-03 10:09:32 -0400 + + two sets of data changes by Paul Eggert + + a fencepost error fix in zic.c + + changes to zic.c and the "europe" file to minimize differences + between output produced by the old 32-bit zic and the new 64-bit + version + + +Release 2006b - 2006-02-20 10:08:18 -0500 + [tz32code2006b + tz64code2006b + tzdata2006b] + + 64-bit code + + All SCCS IDs were bumped to "8.1" for this release. + + +Release 2006a - 2006-01-30 08:59:31 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert (in particular, Indiana time zone moves) + + an addition to the zic manual page to describe how special-case + transitions are handled + + +Release 2005r - 2005-12-27 09:27:13 -0500 + + Canadian changes by Paul Eggert + + They also add "
" directives to time zone data files and reflect
+  changes to warning message logic in "zdump.c" (but with calls to
+  "gettext" kept unbundled at the suggestion of Ken Pizzini).
+
+
+Release 2005q - 2005-12-13 09:17:09 -0500
+
+  Nothing earth-shaking here:
+	1.  Electronic mail addresses have been removed.
+	2.  Casts of the return value of exit have been removed.
+	3.  Casts of the argument of is.* macros have been added.
+	4.  Indentation in one section of zic.c has been fixed.
+	5.  References to dead URLs in the data files have been dealt with.
+
+
+Release 2005p - 2005-12-05 10:30:53 -0500
+
+  "systemv", "tz-link.htm", and "zdump.c" changes
+  (less the casts of arguments to the is* macros)
+
+
+Release 2005o - 2005-11-28 10:55:26 -0500
+
+  Georgia, Cuba, Nicaragua, and Jordan changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  zdump.c lint fixes by Arthur David Olson
+
+
+Release 2005n - 2005-10-03 09:44:09 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert (both the Uruguay changes and the Kyrgyzstan
+  et al. changes)
+
+
+Release 2005m - 2005-08-29 12:15:40 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert (with a small tweak to the tz-art change)
+
+  a declaration of an unused variable has been removed from zdump.c
+
+
+Release 2005l - 2005-08-22 12:06:39 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  overflow/underflow checks by Arthur David Olson, minus changes to
+  the "Theory" file about the pending addition of 64-bit data (I grow
+  less confident of the changes being accepted with each passing day,
+  and the changes no longer increase the data files nine-fold--there's
+  less than a doubling in size by my local Sun's reckoning)
+
+
+Release 2005k - 2005-07-14 14:14:24 -0400
+
+  The "leapseconds" file has been edited to reflect the recently
+  announced leap second at the end of 2005.
+
+  I've also deleted electronic mail addresses from the files as an
+  anti-spam measure.
+
+
+Release 2005j - 2005-06-13 14:34:13 -0400
+
+  These reflect changes to limit the length of time zone abbreviations
+  and the characters used in those abbreviations.
+
+  There are also changes to handle POSIX-style "quoted" time zone
+  environment variables.
+
+  The changes were circulated on the time zone mailing list; the only
+  change since then was the removal of a couple of minimum-length of
+  abbreviation checks.
+
+
+Release data2005i - 2005-04-21 15:04:16 -0400
+
+  changes (most importantly to Nicaragua and Haiti) by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release 2005h - 2005-04-04 11:24:47 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  minor changes to Makefile and zdump.c to produce more useful output
+  when doing a "make typecheck"
+
+
+Release 2005g - 2005-03-14 10:11:21 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert (a change to current DST rules in Uruguay and
+  an update to a link to time zone software)
+
+
+Release 2005f - 2005-03-01 08:45:32 -0500
+
+  data and documentation changes by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release 2005e - 2005-02-10 15:59:44 -0500
+
+  [not summarized]
+
+
+Release code2005d - 2005-01-31 09:21:47 -0500
+
+  make zic complain about links to links if the -v flag is used
+
+  have "make public" do more code checking
+
+  add an include to "localtime.c" for the benefit of gcc systems
+
+
+Release 2005c - 2005-01-17 18:36:29 -0500
+
+  get better results when mktime runs on a system where time_t is double
+
+  changes to the data files (most importantly to Paraguay)
+
+
+Release 2005b - 2005-01-10 09:19:54 -0500
+
+  Get localtime and gmtime working on systems with exotic time_t types.
+
+  Update the leap second commentary in the "leapseconds" file.
+
+
+Release 2005a - 2005-01-01 13:13:44 -0500
+
+  [not summarized]
+
+
+Release code2004i - 2004-12-14 13:42:58 -0500
+
+  Deal with systems where time_t is unsigned.
+
+
+Release code2004h - 2004-12-07 11:40:18 -0500
+
+  64-bit-time_t changes
+
+
+Release 2004g - 2004-11-02 09:06:01 -0500
+
+  update to Cuba (taking effect this weekend)
+
+  other changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  correction of the spelling of Oslo
+
+  changed versions of difftime.c and private.h
+
+
+Release code2004f - 2004-10-21 10:25:22 -0400
+
+  Cope with wide-ranging tm_year values.
+
+
+Release 2004e - 2004-10-11 14:47:21 -0400
+
+  Brazil/Argentina/Israel changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  changes to tz-link.htm by Paul
+
+  one small fix to Makefile
+
+
+Release 2004d - 2004-09-22 08:27:29 -0400
+
+  Avoid overflow problems when TM_YEAR_BASE is added to an integer.
+
+
+Release 2004c - 2004-08-11 12:06:26 -0400
+
+  asctime-related changes
+
+  (variants of) some of the documentation changes suggested by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release 2004b - 2004-07-19 14:33:35 -0400
+
+  data changes by Paul Eggert - most importantly, updates for Argentina
+
+
+Release 2004a - 2004-05-27 12:00:47 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  Handle DST transitions that occur at the end of a month in some
+  years but at the start of the following month in other years.
+
+  Add a copy of the correspondence that's the basis for claims about
+  DST in the Navajo Nation.
+
+
+Release 2003e - 2003-12-15 09:36:47 -0500
+
+  changes by Arthur David Olson (primarily code changes)
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert (primarily data changes)
+
+  minor changes to "Makefile" and "northamerica" (in the latter case,
+  optimization of the "Toronto" rules)
+
+
+Release 2003d - 2003-10-06 09:34:44 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release 2003c - 2003-09-16 10:47:05 -0400
+
+  Fix bad returns in zic.c's inleap function.
+  Thanks to Bradley White for catching the problem!
+
+
+Release 2003b - 2003-09-16 07:13:44 -0400
+
+  Add a "--version" option (and documentation) to the zic and zdump commands.
+
+  changes to overflow/underflow checking in zic
+
+  a localtime typo fix.
+
+  Update the leapseconds and tz-art.htm files.
+
+
+Release 2003a - 2003-03-24 09:30:54 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  a few additions and modifications to the tz-art.htm file
+
+
+Release 2002d - 2002-10-15 13:12:42 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert, less the "Britain (UK)" change in iso3166.tab
+
+  There's also a new time zone quote in "tz-art.htm".
+
+
+Release 2002c - 2002-04-04 11:55:20 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  Change zic.c to avoid creating symlinks to files that don't exist.
+
+
+Release 2002b - 2002-01-28 12:56:03 -0500
+
+  [These change notes are for Release 2002a, which was corrupted.
+  2002b was a corrected version of 2002a.]
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  Update the "leapseconds" file to note that there'll be no leap
+  second at the end of June, 2002.
+
+  Change "zic.c" to deal with a problem in handling the "Asia/Bishkek" zone.
+
+  Change to "difftime.c" to avoid sizeof problems.
+
+
+Release 2001d - 2001-10-09 13:31:32 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release 2001c - 2001-06-05 13:59:55 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert and Andrew Brown
+
+
+Release 2001b - 2001-04-05 16:44:38 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert (modulo jnorgard's typo fix)
+
+  tz-art.htm has been HTMLified.
+
+
+Release 2001a - 2001-03-13 12:57:44 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  An addition to the "leapseconds" file: comments with the text of the
+  latest IERS leap second notice.
+
+  Trailing white space has been removed from data file lines, and
+  repeated spaces in "Rule Jordan" lines in the "asia" file have been
+  converted to tabs.
+
+
+Release 2000h - 2000-12-14 15:33:38 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  one typo fix in the "art" file
+
+  With providence, this is the last update of the millennium.
+
+
+Release 2000g - 2000-10-10 11:35:22 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  correction of John Mackin's name submitted by Robert Elz
+
+  Garry Shandling's Daylight Saving Time joke (!?!) from the recent
+  Emmy Awards broadcast.
+
+
+Release 2000f - 2000-08-10 09:31:58 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  Added information in "tz-art.htm" on a Seinfeld reference to DST.
+
+  Error checking and messages in the "yearistype" script have been
+  improved.
+
+
+Release 2000e - 2000-07-31 09:27:54 -0400
+
+  data changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  a change to the default value of the defined constant HAVE_STRERROR
+
+  the addition of a Dave Barry quote on DST to the tz-arts file
+
+
+Release 2000d - 2000-04-20 15:43:04 -0400
+
+  changes to the documentation and code of strftime for C99 conformance
+
+  a bug fix for date.c
+
+  These are based on (though modified from) changes by Paul Eggert.
+
+
+Release 2000c - 2000-03-04 10:31:43 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release 2000b - 2000-02-21 12:16:29 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert and Joseph Myers
+
+  modest tweaks to the tz-art.htm and tz-link.htm files
+
+
+Release 2000a - 2000-01-18 09:21:26 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  The two hypertext documents have also been renamed.
+
+
+Release code1999i-data1999j - 1999-11-15 18:43:22 -0500
+
+  Paul Eggert's changes
+
+  additions to the "zic" manual page and the "Arts.htm" file
+
+
+Release code1999h-data1999i - 1999-11-08 14:55:21 -0500
+
+  [not summarized]
+
+
+Release data1999h - 1999-10-07 03:50:29 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert to "europe" (most importantly, fixing
+  Lithuania and Estonia)
+
+
+Release 1999g - 1999-09-28 11:06:18 -0400
+
+  data changes by Paul Eggert (most importantly, the change for
+  Lebanon that buys correctness for this coming Sunday)
+
+  The "code" file contains changes to "Makefile" and "checktab.awk" to
+  allow better checking of time zone files before they are published.
+
+
+Release 1999f - 1999-09-23 09:48:14 -0400
+
+  changes by Arthur David Olson and Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release 1999e - 1999-08-17 15:20:54 -0400
+
+  changes circulated by Paul Eggert, although the change to handling
+  of DST-specifying time zone names has been commented out for now
+  (search for "XXX" in "localtime.c" for details).  These files also
+  do not make any changes to the start of DST in Brazil.
+
+  In addition to Paul's changes, there are updates to "Arts.htm" and
+  cleanups of URLs.
+
+
+Release 1999d - 1999-03-30 11:31:07 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  The Makefile's "make public" rule has also been changed to do a test
+  compile of each individual time zone data file (which should help
+  avoid problems such as the one we had with Nicosia).
+
+
+Release 1999c - 1999-03-25 09:47:47 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert, most importantly the change for Chile.
+
+
+Release 1999b - 1999-02-01 17:51:44 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  code changes (suggested by Mani Varadarajan, mani at be.com) for
+  correct handling of symbolic links when building using a relative directory
+
+  code changes to generate correct messages for failed links
+
+  updates to the URLs in Arts.htm
+
+
+Release 1999a - 1999-01-19 16:20:29 -0500
+
+  error message internationalizations and corrections in zic.c and
+  zdump.c (as suggested by Vladimir Michl, vladimir.michl at upol.cz,
+  to whom thanks!)
+
+
+Release code1998h-data1998i - 1998-10-01 09:56:10 -0400
+
+  changes for Brazil, Chile, and Germany
+
+  support for use of "24:00" in the input files for the time zone compiler
+
+
+Release code1998g-data1998h - 1998-09-24 10:50:28 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  correction to a define in the "private.h" file
+
+
+Release data1998g - 1998-08-11 03:28:35 -0000
+  [tzdata1998g.tar.gz is missing!]
+
+  Lithuanian change provided by mgedmin at pub.osf.it
+
+  Move creation of the GMT link with Etc/GMT to "etcetera" (from
+  "backward") to ensure that the GMT file is created even where folks
+  don't want the "backward" links (as suggested by Paul Eggert).
+
+
+Release data1998f - 1998-07-20 13:50:00 -0000
+  [tzdata1998f.tar.gz is missing!]
+
+  Update the "leapseconds" file to include the newly-announced
+  insertion at the end of 1998.
+
+
+Release code1998f - 1998-06-01 10:18:31 -0400
+
+  addition to localtime.c by Guy Harris
+
+
+Release 1998e - 1998-05-28 09:56:26 -0400
+
+  The Makefile is changed to produce zoneinfo-posix rather than
+  zoneinfo/posix, and to produce zoneinfo-leaps rather than
+  zoneinfo/right.
+
+  data changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  changes from Guy Harris to provide asctime_r and ctime_r
+
+  A usno1998 file (substantially identical to usno1997) has been added.
+
+
+Release 1998d - 1998-05-14 11:58:34 -0400
+
+  changes to comments (in particular, elimination of references to CIA maps).
+  "Arts.htm", "WWW.htm", "asia", and "australasia" are the only places
+  where changes occur.
+
+
+Release 1998c - 1998-02-28 12:32:26 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert (save the "French correction," on which I'll
+  wait for the dust to settle)
+
+  symlink changes
+
+  changes and additions to Arts.htm
+
+
+Release 1998b - 1998-01-17 14:31:51 -0500
+
+  URL cleanups and additions
+
+
+Release 1998a - 1998-01-13 12:37:35 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release code1997i-data1997k - 1997-12-29 09:53:41 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert, with minor modifications from Arthur David
+  Olson to make the files more browser friendly
+
+
+Release code1997h-data1997j - 1997-12-18 17:47:35 -0500
+
+  minor changes to put "TZif" at the start of each time zone information file
+
+  a rule has also been added to the Makefile so you can
+	make zones
+  to just recompile the zone information files (rather than doing a
+  full "make install" with its other effects).
+
+
+Release data1997i - 1997-10-07 08:45:38 -0400
+
+  changes to Africa by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release code1997g-data1997h - 1997-09-04 16:56:54 -0400
+
+  corrections for Uruguay (and other locations)
+
+  Arthur David Olson's simple-minded fix allowing mktime to both
+  correctly handle leap seconds and correctly handle tm_sec values
+  upon which arithmetic has been performed.
+
+
+Release code1997f-data1997g - 1997-07-19 13:15:02 -0400
+
+  Paul Eggert's updates
+
+  a small change to a function prototype;
+
+  "Music" has been renamed "Arts.htm", HTMLified, and augmented to
+  include information on Around the World in Eighty Days.
+
+
+Release code1997e-data1997f - 1997-05-03 18:52:34 -0400
+
+  fixes to zic's error handling
+
+  changes inspired by the item circulated on Slovenia
+
+  The description of Web resources has been HTMLified for browsing
+  convenience.
+
+  A new piece of tz-related music has been added to the "Music" file.
+
+
+Release code1997d-data1997e - 1997-03-29 12:48:52 -0500
+
+  Paul Eggert's latest suggestions
+
+
+Release code1997c-data1997d - 1997-03-07 20:37:54 -0500
+
+  changes to "zic.c" to correct performance of the "-s" option
+
+  a new file "usno1997"
+
+
+Release data1997c - 1997-03-04 09:58:18 -0500
+
+  changes in Israel
+
+
+Release 1997b - 1997-02-27 18:34:19 -0500
+
+  The data file incorporates the 1997 leap second.
+
+  The code file incorporates Arthur David Olson's take on the
+  zic/multiprocessor/directory-creation situation.
+
+
+Release 1997a - 1997-01-21 09:11:10 -0500
+
+  Paul Eggert's Antarctica (and other changes)
+
+  Arthur David Olson finessed the "getopt" issue by checking against
+  both -1 and EOF (regardless of POSIX, SunOS 4.1.1's manual says -1
+  is returned while SunOS 5.5's manual says EOF is returned).
+
+
+Release code1996o-data1996n - 1996-12-27 21:42:05 -0500
+
+  Paul Eggert's latest changes
+
+
+Release code1996n - 1996-12-16 09:42:02 -0500
+
+  link snapping fix from Bruce Evans (via Garrett Wollman)
+
+
+Release data1996m - 1996-11-24 02:37:34 -0000
+  [tzdata1996m.tar.gz is missing!]
+
+  Paul Eggert's batch of changes
+
+
+Release code1996m-data1996l - 1996-11-05 14:00:12 -0500
+
+  No functional changes here; the files have simply been changed to
+  make more use of ISO style dates in comments. The names of the above
+  files now include the year in full.
+
+
+Release code96l - 1996-09-08 17:12:20 -0400
+
+  tzcode96k was missing a couple of pieces.
+
+
+Release 96k - 1996-09-08 16:06:22 -0400
+
+  the latest round of changes from Paul Eggert
+
+  the recent Year 2000 material
+
+
+Release code96j - 1996-07-30 13:18:53 -0400
+
+  Set sp->typecnt as suggested by Timothy Patrick Murphy.
+
+
+Release code96i - 1996-07-27 20:11:35 -0400
+
+  Paul's suggested patch for strftime %V week numbers
+
+
+Release data96i - 1996-07-01 18:13:04 -0400
+
+  "northamerica" and "europe" changes by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release code96h - 1996-06-05 08:02:21 -0400
+
+  fix for handling transitions specified in Universal Time
+
+  Some "public domain" notices have also been added.
+
+
+Release code96g - 1996-05-16 14:00:26 -0400
+
+  fix for the simultaneous-DST-and-zone-change challenge
+
+
+Release data96h - 1996-05-09 17:40:51 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release code96f-data96g - 1996-05-03 03:09:59 -0000
+  [tzcode96f.tar.gz + tzdata96g.tar.gz are both missing!]
+
+  The changes get us some of the way to fixing the problems noted in Paul
+  Eggert's letter yesterday (in addition to a few others).  The approach
+  has been to make zic a bit smarter about figuring out what time zone
+  abbreviations apply just after the time specified in the "UNTIL" part
+  of a zone line.  Putting the smarts in zic means avoiding having
+  transition times show up in both "Zone" lines and "Rule" lines, which
+  in turn avoids multiple transition time entries in time zone files.
+  (This also makes the zic input files such as "europe" a bit shorter and
+  should ease maintenance.)
+
+
+Release data96f - 1996-04-19 19:20:03 -0000
+  [tzdata96f.tar.gz is missing!]
+
+  The only changes are to the "northamerica" file; the time zone
+  abbreviation for Denver is corrected to MST (and MDT), and the
+  comments for Mexico have been updated.
+
+
+Release data96e - 1996-03-19 17:37:26 -0500
+
+  Proposals by Paul Eggert, in particular the Portugal change that
+  comes into play at the end of this month.
+
+
+Release data96d - 1996-03-18 20:49:39 -0500
+
+  [not summarized]
+
+
+Release code96e - 1996-02-29 15:43:27 -0000
+  [tzcode96e.tar.gz is missing!]
+
+  internationalization changes and the fix to the documentation for strftime
+
+
+Release code96d-data96c - 1996-02-12 11:05:27 -0500
+
+  The "code" file simply updates Bob Kridle's electronic address.
+
+  The "data" file updates rules for Mexico.
+
+
+Release data96b - 1996-01-27 15:44:42 -0500
+
+  Kiribati change
+
+
+Release code96c - 1996-01-16 16:58:15 -0500
+
+  leap-year streamlining and binary-search changes
+
+  fix to newctime.3
+
+
+Release code96b - 1996-01-10 20:42:39 -0500
+
+  fixes and enhancements from Paul Eggert, including code that
+  emulates the behavior of recent versions of the SunOS "date"
+  command.
+
+
+Release 96a - 1996-01-06 09:08:24 -0500
+
+  Israel updates
+
+  fixes to strftime.c for correct ISO 8601 week number generation,
+  plus support for two new formats ('G' and 'g') to give ISO 8601 year
+  numbers (which are not necessarily the same as calendar year numbers)
+
+
+Release code95i-data95m - 1995-12-21 12:46:47 -0500
+
+  The latest revisions from Paul Eggert are included, the usno1995
+  file has been updated, and a new file ("WWW") covering useful URLs
+  has been added.
+
+
+Release code95h-data95l - 1995-12-19 18:10:12 -0500
+
+  A simplification of a macro definition, a change to data for Sudan,
+  and (for last minute shoppers) notes in the "Music" file on the CD
+  "Old Man Time".
+
+
+Release code95g-data95k - 1995-10-30 10:32:47 -0500
+
+  (slightly reformatted) 8-bit-clean proposed patch
+
+  minor patch: US/Eastern -> America/New_York
+
+  snapshot of the USNO's latest data ("usno1995")
+
+  some other minor cleanups
+
+
+Release code95f-data95j - 1995-10-28 21:01:34 -0000
+  [tzcode95f.tar.gz + tzdata95j.tar.gz are both missing!]
+
+  European cleanups
+
+  support for 64-bit time_t's
+
+  optimization in localtime.c
+
+
+Release code95e - 1995-10-13 13:23:57 -0400
+
+  the mktime change to scan from future to past when trying to find time zone
+  offsets
+
+
+Release data95i - 1995-09-26 10:43:26 -0400
+
+  For Canada/Central, guess that the Sun customer's "one week too
+  early" was just a approximation, and the true error is one month
+  too early.  This is consistent with the rest of Canada.
+
+
+Release data95h - 1995-09-21 11:26:48 -0400
+
+  latest changes from Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release code95d - 1995-09-14 11:14:45 -0400
+
+  the addition of a "Music" file, which documents four recorded
+  versions of the tune "Save That Time".
+
+
+Release data95g - 1995-09-01 17:21:36 -0400
+
+  "yearistype" correction
+
+
+Release data95f - 1995-08-28 20:46:56 -0400
+
+  Paul Eggert's change to the australasia file
+
+
+Release data95e - 1995-07-08 18:02:34 -0400
+
+  The only change is a leap second at the end of this year.
+  Thanks to Bradley White for forwarding news on the leap second.
+
+
+Release data95d - 1995-07-03 13:26:22 -0400
+
+  Paul Eggert's changes
+
+
+Release data95c - 1995-07-02 19:19:28 -0400
+
+  changes to "asia", "backward", "europe", and "southamerica"
+  (read: northamericacentrics need not apply)
+
+
+Release code95c - 1995-03-13 14:00:46 -0500
+
+  one-line fix for sign extension problems in detzcode
+
+
+Release 95b - 1995-03-04 11:22:38 -0500
+
+  Minor changes in both:
+
+  The "code" file contains a workaround for the lack of "unistd.h" in
+  Microsoft C++ version 7.
+
+  The "data" file contains a fixed "Link" for America/Shiprock.
+
+
+Release 94h - 1994-12-10 12:51:14 -0500
+
+  The files:
+
+  *	incorporate the changes to "zdump" and "date" to make changes to
+	the "TZ" environment variable permanent;
+
+  *	incorporate the table changes by Paul Eggert;
+
+  *	include (and document) support for universal time specifications in
+	data files - but do not (yet) include use of this feature in the
+	data files.
+
+  Think of this as "TZ Classic" - the software has been set up not to break if
+  universal time shows up in its input, and data entries have been
+  left as is so as not to break existing implementations.
+
+
+Release data94f - 1994-08-20 12:56:09 -0400
+
+  (with thanks!) the latest data updates from Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release data94e - 1994-06-04 13:13:53 -0400
+
+  [not summarized]
+
+
+Release code94g - 1994-05-05 12:14:07 -0400
+
+  fix missing "optind.c" and a reference to it in the Makefile
+
+
+Release code94f - 1994-05-05 13:00:33 -0000
+  [tzcode94f.tar.gz is missing!]
+
+  changes to avoid overflow in difftime, as well as changes to cope
+  with the 52/53 challenge in strftime
+
+
+Release code94e - 1994-03-30 23:32:59 -0500
+
+  change for the benefit of PCTS
+
+
+Release 94d - 1994-02-24 15:42:25 -0500
+
+  Avoid clashes with POSIX semantics for zones such as GMT+4.
+
+  Some other very minor housekeeping is also present.
+
+
+Release code94c - 1994-02-10 08:52:40 -0500
+
+  Fix bug where mkdirs was broken unless you compile with
+  -fwritable-strings (which is generally losing to do).
+
+
+Release 94b - 1994-02-07 10:04:33 -0500
+
+  work by Paul Eggert who notes:
+
+  I found another book of time zone histories by E W Whitman; it's not
+  as extensive as Shanks but has a few goodies of its own.  I used it
+  to update the tables.  I also fixed some more as a result of
+  correspondence with Adam David and Peter Ilieve, and move some stray
+  links from 'europe' to 'backward'.  I corrected some scanning errors
+  in usno1989.
+
+  As far as the code goes, I fixed zic to allow years in the range
+  INT_MIN to INT_MAX; this fixed a few boundary conditions around 1900.
+  And I cleaned up the zic documentation a little bit.
+
+
+Release data94a - 1994-02-03 08:58:54 -0500
+
+  It simply incorporates the recently announced leap second into the
+  "leapseconds" file.
+
+
+Release 93g - 1993-11-22 17:28:27 -0500
+
+  Paul Eggert has provided a good deal of historic information (based
+  on Shanks), and there are some code changes to deal with the buglets
+  that crawled out in dealing with the new information.
+
+
+Release 93f - 1993-10-15 12:27:46 -0400
+
+  Paul Eggert's changes
+
+
+Release 93e - 1993-09-05 21:21:44 -0400
+
+  This has updated data for Israel, England, and Kwajalein.  There's
+  also an update to "zdump" to cope with Kwajalein's 24-hour jump.
+  Thanks to Paul Eggert and Peter Ilieve for the changes.
+
+
+Release 93d - 1993-06-17 23:34:17 -0400
+
+  new fix and new data on Israel
+
+
+Release 93c - 1993-06-06 19:31:55 -0400
+
+  [not summarized]
+
+
+Release 93b - 1993-02-02 14:53:58 -0500
+
+  updated "leapseconds" file
+
+
+Release 93 - 1993-01-08 07:01:06 -0500
+
+  At kre's suggestion, the package has been split in two - a code piece
+  (which also includes documentation) that's only of use to folks who
+  want to recompile things and a data piece useful to anyone who can
+  run "zic".
+
+  The new version has a few changes to the data files, a few
+  portability changes, and an off-by-one fix (with thanks to
+  Tom Karzes at deshaw.com for providing a description and a
+  solution).
+
+
+Release 92c - 1992-11-21 17:35:36 -0000
+  [tz92c.tar.Z is missing!]
+
+  The fallout from the latest round of DST transitions.
+
+  There are changes for Portugal, Saskatchewan, and "Pacific-New";
+  there's also a change to "zic.c" that makes it portable to more systems.
+
+
+Release 92 - 1992-04-25 18:17:03 -0000
+  [tz92.tar.Z is missing!]
+
+  By popular demand (well, at any rate, following a request by kre at munnari)
+
+
+The 1989 update of the time zone package featured:
+
+  *	POSIXization (including interpretation of POSIX-style TZ environment
+	variables, provided by Guy Harris),
+  *	ANSIfication (including versions of "mktime" and "difftime"),
+  *	SVIDulation (an "altzone" variable)
+  *	MACHination (the "gtime" function)
+  *	corrections to some time zone data (including corrections to the rules
+	for Great Britain and New Zealand)
+  *	reference data from the United States Naval Observatory for folks who
+	want to do additional time zones
+  *	and the 1989 data for Saudi Arabia.
+
+  (Since this code will be treated as "part of the implementation" in some
+  places and as "part of the application" in others, there's no good way to
+  name functions, such as timegm, that are not part of the proposed ANSI C
+  standard; such functions have kept their old, underscore-free names in this
+  update.)
+
+  And the "dysize" function has disappeared; it was present to allow
+  compilation of the "date" command on old BSD systems, and a version of "date"
+  is now provided in the package.  The "date" command is not created when you
+  "make all" since it may lack options provided by the version distributed with
+  your operating system, or may not interact with the system in the same way
+  the native version does.
+
+  Since POSIX frowns on correct leap second handling, the default behavior of
+  the "zic" command (in the absence of a "-L" option) has been changed to omit
+  leap second information from its output files.
+
+
+-----
+Notes
+
+This file contains copies of the part of each release announcement
+that talks about the changes in that release.  The text has been
+adapted and reformatted for the purposes of this file.
+
+Traditionally a release R consists of a pair of tarball files,
+tzcodeR.tar.gz and tzdataR.tar.gz.  However, some releases (e.g.,
+code2010a, data2012c) consist of just one or the other tarball, and a
+few (e.g., code2012c-data2012d) have tarballs with mixed version
+numbers.  Recent releases also come in an experimental format
+consisting of a single tarball tzdb-R.tar.lz with extra data.
+
+Release time stamps are taken from the release's commit (for newer,
+Git-based releases), from the newest file in the tarball (for older
+releases, where this info is available) or from the email announcing
+the release (if all else fails; these are marked with a time zone of
+-0000 and an "is missing!" comment).
+
+Earlier versions of the code and data were not announced on the tz
+list and are not summarized here.
+
+This file is in the public domain.
+
+Local Variables:
+coding: utf-8
+End:
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/README
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/README	(nonexistent)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/README	(revision 309577)
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+README for the tz distribution
+
+"What time is it?" -- Richard Deacon as The King
+"Any time you want it to be." -- Frank Baxter as The Scientist
+					(from the Bell System film "About Time")
+
+The Time Zone Database (often called tz or zoneinfo) contains code and
+data that represent the history of local time for many representative
+locations around the globe.  It is updated periodically to reflect
+changes made by political bodies to time zone boundaries, UTC offsets,
+and daylight-saving rules.
+
+Here is a recipe for acquiring, building, installing, and testing the
+tz distribution on a GNU/Linux or similar host.
+
+To acquire the distribution, run the following shell commands:
+
+	mkdir tz
+	cd tz
+	wget --retr-symlinks 'ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/tz*-latest.tar.gz'
+	gzip -dc tzcode-latest.tar.gz | tar -xf -
+	gzip -dc tzdata-latest.tar.gz | tar -xf -
+
+Alternatively, the following shell commands acquire the same
+distribution, with extra data useful for regression testing:
+
+	wget --retr-symlinks 'ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/tzdb-latest.tar.lz'
+	lzip -dc tzdb-latest.tar.lz | tar -xf -
+
+Be sure to read the comments in "Makefile" and make any changes needed
+to make things right for your system, especially if you are using some
+platform other than GNU/Linux.  Then run the following commands,
+substituting your desired installation directory for "$HOME/tzdir":
+
+	make TOPDIR=$HOME/tzdir install
+	$HOME/tzdir/etc/zdump -v America/Los_Angeles
+
+Historical local time information has been included here to:
+
+*	provide a compendium of data about the history of civil time
+	that is useful even if not 100% accurate;
+
+*	give an idea of the variety of local time rules that have
+	existed in the past and thus an idea of the variety that may be
+	expected in the future;
+
+*	provide a test of the generality of the local time rule description
+	system.
+
+The information in the time zone data files is by no means authoritative;
+fixes and enhancements are welcome.  Please see the file CONTRIBUTING
+for details.
+
+Thanks to these Time Zone Caballeros who've made major contributions to the
+time conversion package: Keith Bostic; Bob Devine; Paul Eggert; Robert Elz;
+Guy Harris; Mark Horton; John Mackin; and Bradley White.  Thanks also to
+Michael Bloom, Art Neilson, Stephen Prince, John Sovereign, and Frank Wales
+for testing work, and to Gwillim Law for checking local mean time data.
+Thanks in particular to Arthur David Olson, the project's founder and first
+maintainer, to whom the time zone community owes the greatest debt of all.
+None of them are responsible for remaining errors.
+
+Look in  for updated versions of these files.
+
+Please send comments or information to tz@iana.org.
+
+-----
+
+This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by
+Arthur David Olson.  The other files in this distribution are either
+public domain or BSD licensed; see the file LICENSE for details.
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/Theory
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/Theory	(nonexistent)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/Theory	(revision 309577)
@@ -0,0 +1,840 @@
+Theory and pragmatics of the tz code and data
+
+
+----- Outline -----
+
+	Scope of the tz database
+	Names of time zone rules
+	Time zone abbreviations
+	Accuracy of the tz database
+	Time and date functions
+	Calendrical issues
+	Time and time zones on Mars
+
+
+----- Scope of the tz database -----
+
+The tz database attempts to record the history and predicted future of
+all computer-based clocks that track civil time.  To represent this
+data, the world is partitioned into regions whose clocks all agree
+about time stamps that occur after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff point
+of the POSIX Epoch (1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC).  For each such region,
+the database records all known clock transitions, and labels the region
+with a notable location.  Although 1970 is a somewhat-arbitrary
+cutoff, there are significant challenges to moving the cutoff earlier
+even by a decade or two, due to the wide variety of local practices
+before computer timekeeping became prevalent.
+
+Clock transitions before 1970 are recorded for each such location,
+because most systems support time stamps before 1970 and could
+misbehave if data entries were omitted for pre-1970 transitions.
+However, the database is not designed for and does not suffice for
+applications requiring accurate handling of all past times everywhere,
+as it would take far too much effort and guesswork to record all
+details of pre-1970 civil timekeeping.
+
+As described below, reference source code for using the tz database is
+also available.  The tz code is upwards compatible with POSIX, an
+international standard for UNIX-like systems.  As of this writing, the
+current edition of POSIX is:
+
+  The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7
+  IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition
+  
+
+
+
+----- Names of time zone rules -----
+
+Each of the database's time zone rules has a unique name.
+Inexperienced users are not expected to select these names unaided.
+Distributors should provide documentation and/or a simple selection
+interface that explains the names; for one example, see the 'tzselect'
+program in the tz code.  The Unicode Common Locale Data Repository
+ contains data that may be useful for other
+selection interfaces.
+
+The time zone rule naming conventions attempt to strike a balance
+among the following goals:
+
+ * Uniquely identify every region where clocks have agreed since 1970.
+   This is essential for the intended use: static clocks keeping local
+   civil time.
+
+ * Indicate to experts where that region is.
+
+ * Be robust in the presence of political changes.  For example, names
+   of countries are ordinarily not used, to avoid incompatibilities
+   when countries change their name (e.g. Zaire->Congo) or when
+   locations change countries (e.g. Hong Kong from UK colony to
+   China).
+
+ * Be portable to a wide variety of implementations.
+
+ * Use a consistent naming conventions over the entire world.
+
+Names normally have the form AREA/LOCATION, where AREA is the name
+of a continent or ocean, and LOCATION is the name of a specific
+location within that region.  North and South America share the same
+area, 'America'.  Typical names are 'Africa/Cairo', 'America/New_York',
+and 'Pacific/Honolulu'.
+
+Here are the general rules used for choosing location names,
+in decreasing order of importance:
+
+	Use only valid POSIX file name components (i.e., the parts of
+		names other than '/').  Do not use the file name
+		components '.' and '..'.  Within a file name component,
+		use only ASCII letters, '.', '-' and '_'.  Do not use
+		digits, as that might create an ambiguity with POSIX
+		TZ strings.  A file name component must not exceed 14
+		characters or start with '-'.  E.g., prefer 'Brunei'
+		to 'Bandar_Seri_Begawan'.  Exceptions: see the discussion
+		of legacy names below.
+	A name must not be empty, or contain '//', or start or end with '/'.
+	Do not use names that differ only in case.  Although the reference
+		implementation is case-sensitive, some other implementations
+		are not, and they would mishandle names differing only in case.
+	If one name A is an initial prefix of another name AB (ignoring case),
+		then B must not start with '/', as a regular file cannot have
+		the same name as a directory in POSIX.  For example,
+		'America/New_York' precludes 'America/New_York/Bronx'.
+	Uninhabited regions like the North Pole and Bouvet Island
+		do not need locations, since local time is not defined there.
+	There should typically be at least one name for each ISO 3166-1
+		officially assigned two-letter code for an inhabited country
+		or territory.
+	If all the clocks in a region have agreed since 1970,
+		don't bother to include more than one location
+		even if subregions' clocks disagreed before 1970.
+		Otherwise these tables would become annoyingly large.
+	If a name is ambiguous, use a less ambiguous alternative;
+		e.g. many cities are named San José and Georgetown, so
+		prefer 'Costa_Rica' to 'San_Jose' and 'Guyana' to 'Georgetown'.
+	Keep locations compact.  Use cities or small islands, not countries
+		or regions, so that any future time zone changes do not split
+		locations into different time zones.  E.g. prefer 'Paris'
+		to 'France', since France has had multiple time zones.
+	Use mainstream English spelling, e.g. prefer 'Rome' to 'Roma', and
+		prefer 'Athens' to the Greek 'Αθήνα' or the Romanized 'Athína'.
+		The POSIX file name restrictions encourage this rule.
+	Use the most populous among locations in a zone,
+		e.g. prefer 'Shanghai' to 'Beijing'.  Among locations with
+		similar populations, pick the best-known location,
+		e.g. prefer 'Rome' to 'Milan'.
+	Use the singular form, e.g. prefer 'Canary' to 'Canaries'.
+	Omit common suffixes like '_Islands' and '_City', unless that
+		would lead to ambiguity.  E.g. prefer 'Cayman' to
+		'Cayman_Islands' and 'Guatemala' to 'Guatemala_City',
+		but prefer 'Mexico_City' to 'Mexico' because the country
+		of Mexico has several time zones.
+	Use '_' to represent a space.
+	Omit '.' from abbreviations in names, e.g. prefer 'St_Helena'
+		to 'St._Helena'.
+	Do not change established names if they only marginally
+		violate the above rules.  For example, don't change
+		the existing name 'Rome' to 'Milan' merely because
+		Milan's population has grown to be somewhat greater
+		than Rome's.
+	If a name is changed, put its old spelling in the 'backward' file.
+		This means old spellings will continue to work.
+
+The file 'zone1970.tab' lists geographical locations used to name time
+zone rules.  It is intended to be an exhaustive list of names for
+geographic regions as described above; this is a subset of the names
+in the data.  Although a 'zone1970.tab' location's longitude
+corresponds to its LMT offset with one hour for every 15 degrees east
+longitude, this relationship is not exact.
+
+Older versions of this package used a different naming scheme,
+and these older names are still supported.
+See the file 'backward' for most of these older names
+(e.g., 'US/Eastern' instead of 'America/New_York').
+The other old-fashioned names still supported are
+'WET', 'CET', 'MET', and 'EET' (see the file 'europe').
+
+Older versions of this package defined legacy names that are
+incompatible with the first rule of location names, but which are
+still supported.  These legacy names are mostly defined in the file
+'etcetera'.  Also, the file 'backward' defines the legacy names
+'GMT0', 'GMT-0', 'GMT+0' and 'Canada/East-Saskatchewan', and the file
+'northamerica' defines the legacy names 'EST5EDT', 'CST6CDT',
+'MST7MDT', and 'PST8PDT'.
+
+Excluding 'backward' should not affect the other data.  If
+'backward' is excluded, excluding 'etcetera' should not affect the
+remaining data.
+
+
+----- Time zone abbreviations -----
+
+When this package is installed, it generates time zone abbreviations
+like 'EST' to be compatible with human tradition and POSIX.
+Here are the general rules used for choosing time zone abbreviations,
+in decreasing order of importance:
+
+	Use three or more characters that are ASCII alphanumerics or '+' or '-'.
+		Previous editions of this database also used characters like
+		' ' and '?', but these characters have a special meaning to
+		the shell and cause commands like
+			set `date`
+		to have unexpected effects.
+		Previous editions of this rule required upper-case letters,
+		but the Congressman who introduced Chamorro Standard Time
+		preferred "ChST", so lower-case letters are now allowed.
+		Also, POSIX from 2001 on relaxed the rule to allow '-', '+',
+		and alphanumeric characters from the portable character set
+		in the current locale.  In practice ASCII alphanumerics and
+		'+' and '-' are safe in all locales.
+
+		In other words, in the C locale the POSIX extended regular
+		expression [-+[:alnum:]]{3,} should match the abbreviation.
+		This guarantees that all abbreviations could have been
+		specified by a POSIX TZ string.
+
+	Use abbreviations that are in common use among English-speakers,
+		e.g. 'EST' for Eastern Standard Time in North America.
+		We assume that applications translate them to other languages
+		as part of the normal localization process; for example,
+		a French application might translate 'EST' to 'HNE'.
+
+	For zones whose times are taken from a city's longitude, use the
+		traditional xMT notation, e.g. 'PMT' for Paris Mean Time.
+		The only name like this in current use is 'GMT'.
+
+	Use 'LMT' for local mean time of locations before the introduction
+		of standard time; see "Scope of the tz database".
+
+	If there is no common English abbreviation, use numeric offsets like
+		-05 and +0830 that are generated by zic's %z notation.
+
+    [The remaining guidelines predate the introduction of %z.
+    They are problematic as they mean tz data entries invent
+    notation rather than record it.  These guidelines are now
+    deprecated and the plan is to gradually move to %z for
+    inhabited locations and to "-00" for uninhabited locations.]
+
+	If there is no common English abbreviation, abbreviate the English
+		translation of the usual phrase used by native speakers.
+		If this is not available or is a phrase mentioning the country
+		(e.g. "Cape Verde Time"), then:
+
+		When a country is identified with a single or principal zone,
+			append 'T' to the country's ISO	code, e.g. 'CVT' for
+			Cape Verde Time.  For summer time append 'ST';
+			for double summer time append 'DST'; etc.
+		Otherwise, take the first three letters of an English place
+			name identifying each zone and append 'T', 'ST', etc.
+			as before; e.g. 'VLAST' for VLAdivostok Summer Time.
+
+	Use UT (with time zone abbreviation '-00') for locations while
+		uninhabited.  The leading '-' is a flag that the time
+		zone is in some sense undefined; this notation is
+		derived from Internet RFC 3339.
+
+Application writers should note that these abbreviations are ambiguous
+in practice: e.g. 'CST' has a different meaning in China than
+it does in the United States.  In new applications, it's often better
+to use numeric UT offsets like '-0600' instead of time zone
+abbreviations like 'CST'; this avoids the ambiguity.
+
+
+----- Accuracy of the tz database -----
+
+The tz database is not authoritative, and it surely has errors.
+Corrections are welcome and encouraged; see the file CONTRIBUTING.
+Users requiring authoritative data should consult national standards
+bodies and the references cited in the database's comments.
+
+Errors in the tz database arise from many sources:
+
+ * The tz database predicts future time stamps, and current predictions
+   will be incorrect after future governments change the rules.
+   For example, if today someone schedules a meeting for 13:00 next
+   October 1, Casablanca time, and tomorrow Morocco changes its
+   daylight saving rules, software can mess up after the rule change
+   if it blithely relies on conversions made before the change.
+
+ * The pre-1970 entries in this database cover only a tiny sliver of how
+   clocks actually behaved; the vast majority of the necessary
+   information was lost or never recorded.  Thousands more zones would
+   be needed if the tz database's scope were extended to cover even
+   just the known or guessed history of standard time; for example,
+   the current single entry for France would need to split into dozens
+   of entries, perhaps hundreds.  And in most of the world even this
+   approach would be misleading due to widespread disagreement or
+   indifference about what times should be observed.  In her 2015 book
+   "The Global Transformation of Time, 1870-1950", Vanessa Ogle writes
+   "Outside of Europe and North America there was no system of time
+   zones at all, often not even a stable landscape of mean times,
+   prior to the middle decades of the twentieth century".  See:
+   Timothy Shenk, Booked: A Global History of Time. Dissent 2015-12-17
+   https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/booked-a-global-history-of-time-vanessa-ogle
+
+ * Most of the pre-1970 data entries come from unreliable sources, often
+   astrology books that lack citations and whose compilers evidently
+   invented entries when the true facts were unknown, without
+   reporting which entries were known and which were invented.
+   These books often contradict each other or give implausible entries,
+   and on the rare occasions when they are checked they are
+   typically found to be incorrect.
+
+ * For the UK the tz database relies on years of first-class work done by
+   Joseph Myers and others; see .
+   Other countries are not done nearly as well.
+
+ * Sometimes, different people in the same city would maintain clocks
+   that differed significantly.  Railway time was used by railroad
+   companies (which did not always agree with each other),
+   church-clock time was used for birth certificates, etc.
+   Often this was merely common practice, but sometimes it was set by law.
+   For example, from 1891 to 1911 the UT offset in France was legally
+   0:09:21 outside train stations and 0:04:21 inside.
+
+ * Although a named location in the tz database stands for the
+   containing region, its pre-1970 data entries are often accurate for
+   only a small subset of that region.  For example, Europe/London
+   stands for the United Kingdom, but its pre-1847 times are valid
+   only for locations that have London's exact meridian, and its 1847
+   transition to GMT is known to be valid only for the L&NW and the
+   Caledonian railways.
+
+ * The tz database does not record the earliest time for which a zone's
+   data entries are thereafter valid for every location in the region.
+   For example, Europe/London is valid for all locations in its
+   region after GMT was made the standard time, but the date of
+   standardization (1880-08-02) is not in the tz database, other than
+   in commentary.  For many zones the earliest time of validity is
+   unknown.
+
+ * The tz database does not record a region's boundaries, and in many
+   cases the boundaries are not known.  For example, the zone
+   America/Kentucky/Louisville represents a region around the city of
+   Louisville, the boundaries of which are unclear.
+
+ * Changes that are modeled as instantaneous transitions in the tz
+   database were often spread out over hours, days, or even decades.
+
+ * Even if the time is specified by law, locations sometimes
+   deliberately flout the law.
+
+ * Early timekeeping practices, even assuming perfect clocks, were
+   often not specified to the accuracy that the tz database requires.
+
+ * Sometimes historical timekeeping was specified more precisely
+   than what the tz database can handle.  For example, from 1909 to
+   1937 Netherlands clocks were legally UT +00:19:32.13, but the tz
+   database cannot represent the fractional second.
+
+ * Even when all the timestamp transitions recorded by the tz database
+   are correct, the tz rules that generate them may not faithfully
+   reflect the historical rules.  For example, from 1922 until World
+   War II the UK moved clocks forward the day following the third
+   Saturday in April unless that was Easter, in which case it moved
+   clocks forward the previous Sunday.  Because the tz database has no
+   way to specify Easter, these exceptional years are entered as
+   separate tz Rule lines, even though the legal rules did not change.
+
+ * The tz database models pre-standard time using the proleptic Gregorian
+   calendar and local mean time (LMT), but many people used other
+   calendars and other timescales.  For example, the Roman Empire used
+   the Julian calendar, and had 12 varying-length daytime hours with a
+   non-hour-based system at night.
+
+ * Early clocks were less reliable, and data entries do not represent
+   this unreliability.
+
+ * As for leap seconds, civil time was not based on atomic time before
+   1972, and we don't know the history of earth's rotation accurately
+   enough to map SI seconds to historical solar time to more than
+   about one-hour accuracy.  See: Morrison LV, Stephenson FR.
+   Historical values of the Earth's clock error Delta T and the
+   calculation of eclipses. J Hist Astron. 2004;35:327-36
+   ;
+   Historical values of the Earth's clock error. J Hist Astron. 2005;36:339
+   .
+
+ * The relationship between POSIX time (that is, UTC but ignoring leap
+   seconds) and UTC is not agreed upon after 1972.  Although the POSIX
+   clock officially stops during an inserted leap second, at least one
+   proposed standard has it jumping back a second instead; and in
+   practice POSIX clocks more typically either progress glacially during
+   a leap second, or are slightly slowed while near a leap second.
+
+ * The tz database does not represent how uncertain its information is.
+   Ideally it would contain information about when data entries are
+   incomplete or dicey.  Partial temporal knowledge is a field of
+   active research, though, and it's not clear how to apply it here.
+
+In short, many, perhaps most, of the tz database's pre-1970 and future
+time stamps are either wrong or misleading.  Any attempt to pass the
+tz database off as the definition of time should be unacceptable to
+anybody who cares about the facts.  In particular, the tz database's
+LMT offsets should not be considered meaningful, and should not prompt
+creation of zones merely because two locations differ in LMT or
+transitioned to standard time at different dates.
+
+
+----- Time and date functions -----
+
+The tz code contains time and date functions that are upwards
+compatible with those of POSIX.
+
+POSIX has the following properties and limitations.
+
+*	In POSIX, time display in a process is controlled by the
+	environment variable TZ.  Unfortunately, the POSIX TZ string takes
+	a form that is hard to describe and is error-prone in practice.
+	Also, POSIX TZ strings can't deal with other (for example, Israeli)
+	daylight saving time rules, or situations where more than two
+	time zone abbreviations are used in an area.
+
+	The POSIX TZ string takes the following form:
+
+		stdoffset[dst[offset][,date[/time],date[/time]]]
+
+	where:
+
+	std and dst
+		are 3 or more characters specifying the standard
+		and daylight saving time (DST) zone names.
+		Starting with POSIX.1-2001, std and dst may also be
+		in a quoted form like ""; this allows
+		"+" and "-" in the names.
+	offset
+		is of the form '[+-]hh:[mm[:ss]]' and specifies the
+		offset west of UT.  'hh' may be a single digit; 0<=hh<=24.
+		The default DST offset is one hour ahead of standard time.
+	date[/time],date[/time]
+		specifies the beginning and end of DST.  If this is absent,
+		the system supplies its own rules for DST, and these can
+		differ from year to year; typically US DST rules are used.
+	time
+		takes the form 'hh:[mm[:ss]]' and defaults to 02:00.
+		This is the same format as the offset, except that a
+		leading '+' or '-' is not allowed.
+	date
+		takes one of the following forms:
+		Jn (1<=n<=365)
+			origin-1 day number not counting February 29
+		n (0<=n<=365)
+			origin-0 day number counting February 29 if present
+		Mm.n.d (0[Sunday]<=d<=6[Saturday], 1<=n<=5, 1<=m<=12)
+			for the dth day of week n of month m of the year,
+			where week 1 is the first week in which day d appears,
+			and '5' stands for the last week in which day d appears
+			(which may be either the 4th or 5th week).
+			Typically, this is the only useful form;
+			the n and Jn forms are rarely used.
+
+	Here is an example POSIX TZ string, for US Pacific time using rules
+	appropriate from 1987 through 2006:
+
+		TZ='PST8PDT,M4.1.0/02:00,M10.5.0/02:00'
+
+	This POSIX TZ string is hard to remember, and mishandles time stamps
+	before 1987 and after 2006.  With this package you can use this
+	instead:
+
+		TZ='America/Los_Angeles'
+
+*	POSIX does not define the exact meaning of TZ values like "EST5EDT".
+	Typically the current US DST rules are used to interpret such values,
+	but this means that the US DST rules are compiled into each program
+	that does time conversion.  This means that when US time conversion
+	rules change (as in the United States in 1987), all programs that
+	do time conversion must be recompiled to ensure proper results.
+
+*	The TZ environment variable is process-global, which makes it hard
+	to write efficient, thread-safe applications that need access
+	to multiple time zones.
+
+*	In POSIX, there's no tamper-proof way for a process to learn the
+	system's best idea of local wall clock.  (This is important for
+	applications that an administrator wants used only at certain times -
+	without regard to whether the user has fiddled the "TZ" environment
+	variable.  While an administrator can "do everything in UTC" to get
+	around the problem, doing so is inconvenient and precludes handling
+	daylight saving time shifts - as might be required to limit phone
+	calls to off-peak hours.)
+
+*	POSIX provides no convenient and efficient way to determine the UT
+	offset and time zone abbreviation of arbitrary time stamps,
+	particularly for time zone settings that do not fit into the
+	POSIX model.
+
+*	POSIX requires that systems ignore leap seconds.
+
+*	The tz code attempts to support all the time_t implementations
+	allowed by POSIX.  The time_t type represents a nonnegative count of
+	seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, ignoring leap seconds.
+	In practice, time_t is usually a signed 64- or 32-bit integer; 32-bit
+	signed time_t values stop working after 2038-01-19 03:14:07 UTC, so
+	new implementations these days typically use a signed 64-bit integer.
+	Unsigned 32-bit integers are used on one or two platforms,
+	and 36-bit and 40-bit integers are also used occasionally.
+	Although earlier POSIX versions allowed time_t to be a
+	floating-point type, this was not supported by any practical
+	systems, and POSIX.1-2013 and the tz code both require time_t
+	to be an integer type.
+
+These are the extensions that have been made to the POSIX functions:
+
+*	The "TZ" environment variable is used in generating the name of a file
+	from which time zone information is read (or is interpreted a la
+	POSIX); "TZ" is no longer constrained to be a three-letter time zone
+	name followed by a number of hours and an optional three-letter
+	daylight time zone name.  The daylight saving time rules to be used
+	for a particular time zone are encoded in the time zone file;
+	the format of the file allows U.S., Australian, and other rules to be
+	encoded, and allows for situations where more than two time zone
+	abbreviations are used.
+
+	It was recognized that allowing the "TZ" environment variable to
+	take on values such as "America/New_York" might cause "old" programs
+	(that expect "TZ" to have a certain form) to operate incorrectly;
+	consideration was given to using some other environment variable
+	(for example, "TIMEZONE") to hold the string used to generate the
+	time zone information file name.  In the end, however, it was decided
+	to continue using "TZ": it is widely used for time zone purposes;
+	separately maintaining both "TZ" and "TIMEZONE" seemed a nuisance;
+	and systems where "new" forms of "TZ" might cause problems can simply
+	use TZ values such as "EST5EDT" which can be used both by
+	"new" programs (a la POSIX) and "old" programs (as zone names and
+	offsets).
+
+*	The code supports platforms with a UT offset member in struct tm,
+	e.g., tm_gmtoff.
+
+*	The code supports platforms with a time zone abbreviation member in
+	struct tm, e.g., tm_zone.
+
+*	Since the "TZ" environment variable can now be used to control time
+	conversion, the "daylight" and "timezone" variables are no longer
+	needed.  (These variables are defined and set by "tzset"; however, their
+	values will not be used by "localtime.")
+
+*	Functions tzalloc, tzfree, localtime_rz, and mktime_z for
+	more-efficient thread-safe applications that need to use
+	multiple time zones.  The tzalloc and tzfree functions
+	allocate and free objects of type timezone_t, and localtime_rz
+	and mktime_z are like localtime_r and mktime with an extra
+	timezone_t argument.  The functions were inspired by NetBSD.
+
+*	A function "tzsetwall" has been added to arrange for the system's
+	best approximation to local wall clock time to be delivered by
+	subsequent calls to "localtime."  Source code for portable
+	applications that "must" run on local wall clock time should call
+	"tzsetwall();" if such code is moved to "old" systems that don't
+	provide tzsetwall, you won't be able to generate an executable program.
+	(These time zone functions also arrange for local wall clock time to be
+	used if tzset is called - directly or indirectly - and there's no "TZ"
+	environment variable; portable applications should not, however, rely
+	on this behavior since it's not the way SVR2 systems behave.)
+
+*	Negative time_t values are supported, on systems where time_t is signed.
+
+*	These functions can account for leap seconds, thanks to Bradley White.
+
+Points of interest to folks with other systems:
+
+*	Code compatible with this package is already part of many platforms,
+	including GNU/Linux, Android, the BSDs, Chromium OS, Cygwin, AIX, iOS,
+	BlackBery 10, macOS, Microsoft Windows, OpenVMS, and Solaris.
+	On such hosts, the primary use of this package
+	is to update obsolete time zone rule tables.
+	To do this, you may need to compile the time zone compiler
+	'zic' supplied with this package instead of using the system 'zic',
+	since the format of zic's input is occasionally extended,
+	and a platform may still be shipping an older zic.
+
+*	The UNIX Version 7 "timezone" function is not present in this package;
+	it's impossible to reliably map timezone's arguments (a "minutes west
+	of GMT" value and a "daylight saving time in effect" flag) to a
+	time zone abbreviation, and we refuse to guess.
+	Programs that in the past used the timezone function may now examine
+	tzname[localtime(&clock)->tm_isdst] to learn the correct time
+	zone abbreviation to use.  Alternatively, use
+	localtime(&clock)->tm_zone if this has been enabled.
+
+*	The 4.2BSD gettimeofday function is not used in this package.
+	This formerly let users obtain the current UTC offset and DST flag,
+	but this functionality was removed in later versions of BSD.
+
+*	In SVR2, time conversion fails for near-minimum or near-maximum
+	time_t values when doing conversions for places that don't use UT.
+	This package takes care to do these conversions correctly.
+	A comment in the source code tells how to get compatibly wrong
+	results.
+
+The functions that are conditionally compiled if STD_INSPIRED is defined
+should, at this point, be looked on primarily as food for thought.  They are
+not in any sense "standard compatible" - some are not, in fact, specified in
+*any* standard.  They do, however, represent responses of various authors to
+standardization proposals.
+
+Other time conversion proposals, in particular the one developed by folks at
+Hewlett Packard, offer a wider selection of functions that provide capabilities
+beyond those provided here.  The absence of such functions from this package
+is not meant to discourage the development, standardization, or use of such
+functions.  Rather, their absence reflects the decision to make this package
+contain valid extensions to POSIX, to ensure its broad acceptability.  If
+more powerful time conversion functions can be standardized, so much the
+better.
+
+
+----- Interface stability -----
+
+The tz code and data supply the following interfaces:
+
+ * A set of zone names as per "Names of time zone rules" above.
+
+ * Library functions described in "Time and date functions" above.
+
+ * The programs tzselect, zdump, and zic, documented in their man pages.
+
+ * The format of zic input files, documented in the zic man page.
+
+ * The format of zic output files, documented in the tzfile man page.
+
+ * The format of zone table files, documented in zone1970.tab.
+
+ * The format of the country code file, documented in iso3166.tab.
+
+When these interfaces are changed, an effort is made to preserve
+backward compatibility.  For example, tz data files typically do not
+rely on recently-added zic features, so that users can run older zic
+versions to process newer data files.
+
+Interfaces not listed above are less stable.  For example, users
+should not rely on particular UT offsets or abbreviations for time
+stamps, as data entries are often based on guesswork and these guesses
+may be corrected or improved.
+
+
+----- Calendrical issues -----
+
+Calendrical issues are a bit out of scope for a time zone database,
+but they indicate the sort of problems that we would run into if we
+extended the time zone database further into the past.  An excellent
+resource in this area is Nachum Dershowitz and Edward M. Reingold,
+Calendrical Calculations: Third Edition, Cambridge University Press (2008)
+.
+Other information and sources are given below.  They sometimes disagree.
+
+
+France
+
+Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
+French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31,
+and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23.
+
+
+Russia
+
+From Chris Carrier (1996-12-02):
+On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an "Eternal Calendar"
+with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week.
+On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the
+Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it
+reverted to the 7-day week.  With the 6-day week the usual days
+off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month.
+(Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_)
+
+
+Mark Brader reported a similar story in "The Book of Calendars", edited
+by Frank Parise (1982, Facts on File, ISBN 0-8719-6467-8), page 377.  But:
+
+From: Petteri Sulonen (via Usenet)
+Date: 14 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT
+...
+
+If your source is correct, how come documents between 1929 and 1940 were
+still dated using the conventional, Gregorian calendar?
+
+I can post a scan of a document dated December 1, 1934, signed by
+Yenukidze, the secretary, on behalf of Kalinin, the President of the
+Executive Committee of the Supreme Soviet, if you like.
+
+
+
+Sweden (and Finland)
+
+From: Mark Brader
+Subject: Re: Gregorian reform - a part of locale?
+
+Date: 1996-07-06
+
+In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian.  Sweden
+decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
+those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
+year after 1696 would be in 1744 - putting the whole country on a calendar
+different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
+
+However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;
+they did, after all, have a leap year that year.  And one in 1708.  In 1712
+they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that
+year!...
+
+Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
+getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
+
+(A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
+produced the following references to support it: "Tideräkning och historia"
+by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tideräkning och
+kalenderväsen" by Lars-Olof Lodén (1968).
+
+
+Grotefend's data
+
+From: "Michael Palmer" [with one obvious typo fixed]
+Subject: Re: Gregorian Calendar (was Re: Another FHC related question
+Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.german
+Date: Tue, 9 Feb 1999 02:32:48 -800
+...
+
+The following is a(n incomplete) listing, arranged chronologically, of
+European states, with the date they converted from the Julian to the
+Gregorian calendar:
+
+04/15 Oct 1582 - Italy (with exceptions), Spain, Portugal, Poland (Roman
+                 Catholics and Danzig only)
+09/20 Dec 1582 - France, Lorraine
+
+21 Dec 1582/
+   01 Jan 1583 - Holland, Brabant, Flanders, Hennegau
+10/21 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Liege (Lüttich)
+13/24 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Augsburg
+04/15 Oct 1583 - electorate of Trier
+05/16 Oct 1583 - Bavaria, bishoprics of Freising, Eichstedt, Regensburg,
+                 Salzburg, Brixen
+13/24 Oct 1583 - Austrian Oberelsaß and Breisgau
+20/31 Oct 1583 - bishopric of Basel
+02/13 Nov 1583 - duchy of Jülich-Berg
+02/13 Nov 1583 - electorate and city of Köln
+04/15 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Würzburg
+11/22 Nov 1583 - electorate of Mainz
+16/27 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Strassburg and the margraviate of Baden
+17/28 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Münster and duchy of Cleve
+14/25 Dec 1583 - Steiermark
+
+06/17 Jan 1584 - Austria and Bohemia
+11/22 Jan 1584 - Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Zug, Freiburg, Solothurn
+12/23 Jan 1584 - Silesia and the Lausitz
+22 Jan/
+   02 Feb 1584 - Hungary (legally on 21 Oct 1587)
+      Jun 1584 - Unterwalden
+01/12 Jul 1584 - duchy of Westfalen
+
+16/27 Jun 1585 - bishopric of Paderborn
+
+14/25 Dec 1590 - Transylvania
+
+22 Aug/
+   02 Sep 1612 - duchy of Prussia
+
+13/24 Dec 1614 - Pfalz-Neuburg
+
+          1617 - duchy of Kurland (reverted to the Julian calendar in
+                 1796)
+
+          1624 - bishopric of Osnabrück
+
+          1630 - bishopric of Minden
+
+15/26 Mar 1631 - bishopric of Hildesheim
+
+          1655 - Kanton Wallis
+
+05/16 Feb 1682 - city of Strassburg
+
+18 Feb/
+   01 Mar 1700 - Protestant Germany (including Swedish possessions in
+                 Germany), Denmark, Norway
+30 Jun/
+   12 Jul 1700 - Gelderland, Zutphen
+10 Nov/
+   12 Dec 1700 - Utrecht, Overijssel
+
+31 Dec 1700/
+   12 Jan 1701 - Friesland, Groningen, Zürich, Bern, Basel, Geneva,
+                 Turgau, and Schaffhausen
+
+          1724 - Glarus, Appenzell, and the city of St. Gallen
+
+01 Jan 1750    - Pisa and Florence
+
+02/14 Sep 1752 - Great Britain
+
+17 Feb/
+   01 Mar 1753 - Sweden
+
+1760-1812      - Graubünden
+
+The Russian empire (including Finland and the Baltic states) did not
+convert to the Gregorian calendar until the Soviet revolution of 1917.
+
+Source: H. Grotefend, _Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen
+Mittelalters und der Neuzeit_, herausgegeben von Dr. O. Grotefend
+(Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1941), pp. 26-28.
+
+
+----- Time and time zones on Mars -----
+
+Some people's work schedules use Mars time.  Jet Propulsion Laboratory
+(JPL) coordinators have kept Mars time on and off at least since 1997
+for the Mars Pathfinder mission.  Some of their family members have
+also adapted to Mars time.  Dozens of special Mars watches were built
+for JPL workers who kept Mars time during the Mars Exploration
+Rovers mission (2004).  These timepieces look like normal Seikos and
+Citizens but use Mars seconds rather than terrestrial seconds.
+
+A Mars solar day is called a "sol" and has a mean period equal to
+about 24 hours 39 minutes 35.244 seconds in terrestrial time.  It is
+divided into a conventional 24-hour clock, so each Mars second equals
+about 1.02749125 terrestrial seconds.
+
+The prime meridian of Mars goes through the center of the crater
+Airy-0, named in honor of the British astronomer who built the
+Greenwich telescope that defines Earth's prime meridian.  Mean solar
+time on the Mars prime meridian is called Mars Coordinated Time (MTC).
+
+Each landed mission on Mars has adopted a different reference for
+solar time keeping, so there is no real standard for Mars time zones.
+For example, the Mars Exploration Rover project (2004) defined two
+time zones "Local Solar Time A" and "Local Solar Time B" for its two
+missions, each zone designed so that its time equals local true solar
+time at approximately the middle of the nominal mission.  Such a "time
+zone" is not particularly suited for any application other than the
+mission itself.
+
+Many calendars have been proposed for Mars, but none have achieved
+wide acceptance.  Astronomers often use Mars Sol Date (MSD) which is a
+sequential count of Mars solar days elapsed since about 1873-12-29
+12:00 GMT.
+
+The tz database does not currently support Mars time, but it is
+documented here in the hopes that support will be added eventually.
+
+Sources:
+
+Michael Allison and Robert Schmunk,
+"Technical Notes on Mars Solar Time as Adopted by the Mars24 Sunclock"
+ (2012-08-08).
+
+Jia-Rui Chong, "Workdays Fit for a Martian", Los Angeles Times
+
+(2004-01-14), pp A1, A20-A21.
+
+Tom Chmielewski, "Jet Lag Is Worse on Mars", The Atlantic (2015-02-26)
+
+
+-----
+
+This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by
+Arthur David Olson.
+
+-----
+Local Variables:
+coding: utf-8
+End:
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/africa
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/africa	(revision 309576)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/africa	(revision 309577)
@@ -1,1182 +1,1188 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
 # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
 #
 # To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
 #
 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
 #	-1:00	WAT	West Africa Time (no longer used)
 #	 0:00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
 #	 2:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
 #	 2:00	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
 #	 1:00	WAT	West Africa Time
 # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
 # until we get more information.
 #
 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
 #	 2:00	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
 #	 2:30	BEAT	British East Africa Time (no longer used)
 #	 2:45	BEAUT	British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
 #	 3:00	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
 #	 3:00	SAST	South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
 #	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
 
 # Algeria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
 # more precise 0:09:21.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
 			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
 			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25  2:00
 			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
 			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
 			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
 			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1977 Oct 21
 			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1979 Oct 26
 			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1981 May
 			1:00	-	CET
 
 # Angola
 # Benin
 # See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Botswana
 # See Africa/Maputo.
 
 # Burkina Faso
 # See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Burundi
 # See Africa/Maputo.
 
 # Cameroon
 # See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Cape Verde
 #
 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 # merely made it official?
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907        # Praia
 			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
 			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
 			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25  2:00
 			-1:00	-	CVT
 
 # Central African Republic
 # See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Chad
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912        # N'Djamena
 			1:00	-	WAT	1979 Oct 14
 			1:00	1:00	WAST	1980 Mar  8
 			1:00	-	WAT
 
 # Comoros
 # See Africa/Nairobi.
 
 # Democratic Republic of the Congo
 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
 
 # Republic of the Congo
 # See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako	# Mali
 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul	# Gambia
 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry	# Guinea
 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar	# Senegal
 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown	# Sierra Leone
 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome		# Togo
 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott	# Mauritania
 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou	# Burkina Faso
 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome	# São Tomé and Príncipe
 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena	# St Helena
 
 # Djibouti
 # See Africa/Nairobi.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Egypt
 
 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
 # observatory; round to nearest.  Milne also says that the official time for
 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	1966	1994	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
 #
 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
 # or
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
 Rule	Egypt	1995	2010	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	1995	2005	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
 Rule	Egypt	2006	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
 Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	24:00	0	-
 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
 
 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
 #
 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
 # Apr 23
 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
 # Apr 24
 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
 # Aug 27
 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
 # Aug 27
 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
 #
 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
 # :59)
 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
 #
 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
 #
 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
 # [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
 # [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
 # in September.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
 # Information and Decision Support Center:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
 #
 # The Middle East News Agency
 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
 # (at least today).
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
 # Ramadan.
 #
 # Arabic translation:
 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
 
 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
 
 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
 
 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
 # in Egypt.  The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014."  This statement has been
 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption.  There is
 # no information about when DST will end this fall.  See:
 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
 # Thursday of April....  Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
 # dates not yet announced....
 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
 
 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
 # least for 2015.
 #
 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
 # practice altogether in future years."
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
 # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
 # decision to abandon DST permanently.  See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
+# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
+# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
+# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
+# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
+
 Rule	Egypt	2008	only	-	Aug	lastThu	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	2009	only	-	Aug	20	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Aug	10	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	 9	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	May	15	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jun	26	24:00	0	-
 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jul	31	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:09 -	LMT	1900 Oct
 			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
 
 # Equatorial Guinea
 # See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Eritrea
 # Ethiopia
 # See Africa/Nairobi.
 
 # Gabon
 # See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Gambia
 # See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Ghana
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
 Rule	Ghana	1920	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	GHST
 Rule	Ghana	1920	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	GMT
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
 			 0:00	Ghana	%s
 
 # Guinea
 # See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Guinea-Bissau
 #
 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
 			-1:00	-	WAT	1975
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Kenya
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
 			3:00	-	EAT	1930
 			2:30	-	BEAT	1940
 			2:45	-	BEAUT	1960
 			3:00	-	EAT
 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa	 # Ethiopia
 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara	 # Eritrea
 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala	 # Uganda
 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu	 # Somalia
 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo	 # Madagascar
 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
 
 # Lesotho
 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
 
 # Liberia
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
 			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
 			-0:44:30 -	LRT	1972 May # Liberia Time
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Libya
 
 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
 #
 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
 #
 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
 # lastFri instead of lastSun).
 
 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
 # cancelled yesterday....
 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
-# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2.
+# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Libya	2013	only	-	Mar	lastFri	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Libya	2013	only	-	Oct	lastFri	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
 			2:00	-	EET	1982
 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
 			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1997 Oct  4
 			2:00	-	EET	2012 Nov 10  2:00
 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	2013 Oct 25  2:00
 			2:00	-	EET
 
 # Madagascar
 # See Africa/Nairobi.
 
 # Malawi
 # See Africa/Maputo.
 
 # Mali
 # Mauritania
 # See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Mauritius
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
 # basis....
 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
 # According to
 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31).  The new start
 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
 #
 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
 # changes two days later.
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
 # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
 #
 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
 
 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
 #
 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
 # and end on 29 March 2009.
 
 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
 # DST the coming summer...
 #
 # Some sources, in French:
 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
 #
 # Our wrap-up:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule Mauritius	1982	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Mauritius	1983	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	0	-
 Rule Mauritius	2008	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule Mauritius	2009	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907 # Port Louis
 			4:00 Mauritius	MU%sT	# Mauritius Time
 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
 
 # Mayotte
 # See Africa/Nairobi.
 
 # Morocco
 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
 #
 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
 #
 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
 # Presse:
 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
 #
 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
 # spokesman.
 
 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
 # According to this article:
 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
 # (and republished here: )
 # the changes occur at midnight:
 #
 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight
 #
 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
 # June 1st to Sept 27th.
 #
 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
 # published on the web.
 #
 # It's also confirmed here:
 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
 # posted in English).
 #
 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
 # of September:
 #
 # One article about it (in French):
 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
 #
 # We have some further details posted here:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
 # to many sources, such as
 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
 # (French)
 #
 # Our summary:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
 #
 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
 #
 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
 #
 # Example:
 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
 # (French)
 # Our page:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
 
 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
 # ...Official links of change in morocco
 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
 # +212.537.71.84.00
 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
 # They said that
 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
 # is the official publication to look at.
 # They said that the decision was already taken.
 #
 # More articles in the press
 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
 
 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
 # They have it written in English here:
 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
 #
 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
 # also been like that in the past.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
 # except the month of Ramadan.
 # or (brief)
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
 
 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
 # Seen Morocco change again:
 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
 # comme annoncé précédemment."
 
 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
 #
 # Google translation, lightly edited:
 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
 # Monday, August 20, 2012.  So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
 # announced a bit in advance.  On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
 
 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
 # before it was going to end.  There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules.  Official
 # source (French):
 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
 
 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
 
 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time....  DST
 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
 
 # From Milamber (2015-06-08):
 # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
 # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
 # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
 # 2015 at 2:00.  The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
 # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
 # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
 # Source (french):
 # http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
 #
 # From Milamber (2015-06-09):
 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
 #
 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
 #  agrees
 # with the patch.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08):
 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules,
 # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
 # Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after
 # Ramadan.  To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were
 # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
 # results integrated by hand into the table below.
 # (let ((islamic-year 1437))
 #   (require 'cal-islam)
 #   (while (< islamic-year 1460)
 #     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
 #           (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
 #           (sunday 0))
 #       (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
 #       (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
 #         (setq b (1+ b)))
 #       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
 #       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
 #       (insert
 #        (format
 #         (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
 #                 "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
 #         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
 #         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
 #     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
 
 # RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 
 Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Aug	21	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	May	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	Aug	 8	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Apr	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Jul	31	 0	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Jul	31	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2012	2013	-	Apr	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Jul	20	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Aug	20	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Jul	 7	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2013	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2014	2021	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Jun	28	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Aug	 2	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jun	14	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jul	19	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jun	 5	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jul	10	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	May	21	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	Jul	 2	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	May	13	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	Jun	17	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	May	 5	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	Jun	 9	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	Apr	19	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	May	24	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	Apr	11	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	May	16	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	May	 8	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2023	only	-	Apr	23	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2024	only	-	Apr	14	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2025	only	-	Apr	 6	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2026	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Morocco	2036	only	-	Oct	19	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Morocco	2037	only	-	Oct	 4	 3:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
 			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
 			 1:00	-	CET	1986
 			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT
 
 # Western Sahara
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
 # Morocco does.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
 
 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan # El Aaiún
 			-1:00	-	WAT	1976 Apr 14
 			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT
 
 # Mozambique
 #
 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 # merely made it official?
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 			2:00	-	CAT
 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre	# Malawi
 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura	# Burundi
 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone	# Botswana
 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare	# Zimbabwe
 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali	# Rwanda
 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi	# E Dem. Rep. of Congo
 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka	# Zambia
 
 # Namibia
 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
 
 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of
 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
 # of the country.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
 # we have no details.  In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
 
 # RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
 			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar    # SW Africa Time
 			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20  2:00
 			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21  2:00
 			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
 			2:00	-	CAT	1994 Apr  3
 			1:00	Namibia	WA%sT
 
 # Niger
 # See Africa/Lagos.
 
 # Nigeria
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
 			1:00	-	WAT
 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui	     # Central African Republic
 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala	     # Cameroon
 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa    # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville  # Gabon
 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda	     # Angola
 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo	     # Equatorial Guinea
 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey	     # Niger
 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo  # Benin
 
 # Réunion
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
 			4:00	-	RET	# Réunion Time
 #
 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
 #
 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
 # The following information about them is taken from
 # Îles Éparses (, 1997-07-22,
 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
 #
 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
 
 # Rwanda
 # See Africa/Maputo.
 
 # St Helena
 # See Africa/Abidjan.
 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
 #	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
 #	Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
 #	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
 #		on GMT, says the CIA
 #	Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
 
 # São Tomé and Príncipe
 # Senegal
 # See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Seychelles
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun # Victoria
 			4:00	-	SCT	# Seychelles Time
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
 
 # Sierra Leone
 # See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Somalia
 # See Africa/Nairobi.
 
 # South Africa
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
 			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
 			2:00	SA	SAST
 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru	   # Lesotho
 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane    # Swaziland
 #
 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
 # scientific station since 1947
 # no information
 
 # Sudan
 #
 # From 
 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
 # Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
 			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # South Sudan
 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
 
 # Swaziland
 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
 
 # Tanzania
 # See Africa/Nairobi.
 
 # Togo
 # See Africa/Abidjan.
 
 # Tunisia
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
 # this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
 # , in a story attributed to AP
 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
 # Saturday."  (My translation)
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
 # 1h standard time.
 #
 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
 # Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
 # Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
 # (Arabic)
 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
 #
 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
 #
 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
 #
 # (in English)
 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
 #
 # (in Arabic)
 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
 # concerned by summer time.  Therefore, the standard time will be kept
 # unchanged the whole year long."  So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
 #
 # (translation):
 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
 # Sunday...
 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
 #
 # (in Arabic)
 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1988	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Tunisia	2006	2008	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tunisia	2006	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
 # more precise 0:09:21.
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
 			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
 			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
 
 # Uganda
 # See Africa/Nairobi.
 
 # Zambia
 # Zimbabwe
 # See Africa/Maputo.
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/antarctica
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/antarctica	(revision 309576)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/antarctica	(revision 309577)
@@ -1,337 +1,339 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
 # http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/
 # and
 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
 # http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm
 # for information.
 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
-#
-# Except for the French entries,
-# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
-# FORMAT is 'zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
 
+# FORMAT is '-00' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
+
 # Argentina - year-round bases
 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
 # Carlini, Potter Cove, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
 # Esperanza, Hope Bay, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
 # Marambio, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
 # San Martín, Barry I, -6808-06706, since 1951-03-21
 #	(except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
 
 # Australia - territories
 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
 #	previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
 #	Margaret Turner reports
 #	http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html
-#	(1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
+#	(1999-09-30) that they're UT +05, with no DST;
 #	presumably this is when they have visitors.
 #
 # year-round bases
 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
 #	(except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):
 # Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:
 # Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11
 # Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5
 # Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5
 # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
 #
 # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
 # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
 #
 # We have more background information here:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ...
 #
 # - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.
 # The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but
 # has not been decided yet.
 #
 # - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010
 # 20:00 UTC.
 #
 # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
 #
 # Background:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-10-28):
+# Australian Antarctica Division informed us that Casey changed time
+# zone to UTC+11 in "the morning of 22nd October 2016".
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Casey	0	-	zzz	1969
-			8:00	-	AWST	2009 Oct 18  2:00
-						# Australian Western Std Time
-			11:00	-	CAST	2010 Mar  5  2:00  # Casey Time
-			8:00	-	AWST	2011 Oct 28  2:00
-			11:00	-	CAST	2012 Feb 21 17:00u
-			8:00	-	AWST
-Zone Antarctica/Davis	0	-	zzz	1957 Jan 13
-			7:00	-	DAVT	1964 Nov    # Davis Time
-			0	-	zzz	1969 Feb
-			7:00	-	DAVT	2009 Oct 18  2:00
-			5:00	-	DAVT	2010 Mar 10 20:00u
-			7:00	-	DAVT	2011 Oct 28  2:00
-			5:00	-	DAVT	2012 Feb 21 20:00u
-			7:00	-	DAVT
-Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	zzz	1954 Feb 13
-			6:00	-	MAWT	2009 Oct 18  2:00 # Mawson Time
-			5:00	-	MAWT
+Zone Antarctica/Casey	0	-	-00	1969
+			8:00	-	+08	2009 Oct 18  2:00
+			11:00	-	+11	2010 Mar  5  2:00
+			8:00	-	+08	2011 Oct 28  2:00
+			11:00	-	+11	2012 Feb 21 17:00u
+			8:00	-	+08	2016 Oct 22
+			11:00	-	+11
+Zone Antarctica/Davis	0	-	-00	1957 Jan 13
+			7:00	-	+07	1964 Nov
+			0	-	-00	1969 Feb
+			7:00	-	+07	2009 Oct 18  2:00
+			5:00	-	+05	2010 Mar 10 20:00u
+			7:00	-	+07	2011 Oct 28  2:00
+			5:00	-	+05	2012 Feb 21 20:00u
+			7:00	-	+07
+Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	-00	1954 Feb 13
+			6:00	-	+06	2009 Oct 18  2:00
+			5:00	-	+05
 # References:
 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
 # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html
 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
 # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html
 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
 # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html
 
 # Belgium - year-round base
 # Princess Elisabeth, Queen Maud Land, -713412+0231200, since 2007
 
 # Brazil - year-round base
 # Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
 
 # Bulgaria - year-round base
 # St. Kliment Ohridski, Livingston Island, -623829-0602153, since 1988
 
 # Chile - year-round bases and towns
 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
 # Frei Montalva, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
 # O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
 # Prat, -6230-05941
 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
 
 # China - year-round bases
 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
 
 # France - year-round bases (also see "France & Italy")
 #
 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
 # Time data entries are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adélie bases
 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adélie supplies came
 # from Tasmania.
 #
 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
 #
 # Alfred Faure, Possession Island, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964;
 #	sealing & whaling stations operated variously 1802/1911+;
 #	see Indian/Reunion.
 #
 # Martin-de-Viviès, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
 # Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
 #	whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
 #
 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
 #	fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	zzz	1950 # Port-aux-Français
-			5:00	-	TFT	# ISO code TF Time
+Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	-00	1950 # Port-aux-Français
+			5:00	-	+05
 #
 # year-round base in the main continent
 # Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
 #  (2005-12-05)
 #
 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	zzz	1947
-			10:00	-	PMT	1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
-			0	-	zzz	1956 Nov
-			10:00	-	DDUT	# Dumont-d'Urville Time
+Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	-00	1947
+			10:00	-	+10	1952 Jan 14
+			0	-	-00	1956 Nov
+			10:00	-	+10
 
 # France & Italy - year-round base
 # Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005
 
 # Germany - year-round base
 # Neumayer III, -704080-0081602, since 2009
 
 # India - year-round bases
 # Bharati, -692428+0761114, since 2012
 # Maitri, -704558+0114356, since 1989
 
 # Italy - year-round base (also see "France & Italy")
 # Zuchelli, Terra Nova Bay, -744140+1640647, since 1986
 
 # Japan - year-round bases
 # Syowa (also known as Showa), -690022+0393524, since 1957
 #
 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
 #
 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
 # was established on 1957-01-29.  Since Syowa station is still the main
 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	zzz	1957 Jan 29
-			3:00	-	SYOT	# Syowa Time
+Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	-00	1957 Jan 29
+			3:00	-	+03
 # See:
 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
 # http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html
 
 # S Korea - year-round base
 # Jang Bogo, Terra Nova Bay, -743700+1641205 since 2014
 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
 
 # New Zealand - claims
 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
 # Scott Island (never inhabited)
 #
 # year-round base
 # Scott Base, Ross Island, since 1957-01.
 # See Pacific/Auckland.
 
 # Norway - territories
 # Bouvet (never inhabited)
 #
 # claims
 # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
 #
 # year-round base
 # Troll, Queen Maud Land, -720041+0023206, since 2005-02-12
 #
 # From Paul-Inge Flakstad (2014-03-10):
 # I recently had a long dialog about this with the developer of timegenie.com.
 # In the absence of specific dates, he decided to choose some likely ones:
 #   GMT +1 - From March 1 to the last Sunday in March
 #   GMT +2 - From the last Sunday in March until the last Sunday in October
 #   GMT +1 - From the last Sunday in October until November 7
 #   GMT +0 - From November 7 until March 1
 # The dates for switching to and from UTC+0 will probably not be absolutely
 # correct, but they should be quite close to the actual dates.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-21):
-# The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tzcode 2014b or later, so as
+# The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tz 2014b or later, so as
 # suggested by Bengt-Inge Larsson comment them out for now, and approximate
 # with only UTC and CEST.  Uncomment them when 2014b is more prevalent.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-#Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	 1	1:00u	1:00	CET
-Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	2:00	CEST
-#Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	1:00	CET
-#Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Nov	 7	1:00u	0:00	UTC
+#Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	 1	1:00u	1:00	+01
+Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	2:00	+02
+#Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	1:00	+01
+#Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Nov	 7	1:00u	0:00	+00
 # Remove the following line when uncommenting the above '#Rule' lines.
-Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	0:00	UTC
+Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	0:00	+00
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	zzz	2005 Feb 12
+Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	-00	2005 Feb 12
 			0:00	Troll	%s
 
 # Poland - year-round base
 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
 
 # Romania - year-bound base
 # Law-Racoviță, Larsemann Hills, -692319+0762251, since 1986
 
 # Russia - year-round bases
 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
 #	year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
 #	year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
 
 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
 # http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
 # time as Moscow, Russia.
 #
 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
 # what they had to say about time there:
 # "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
 # in person.  He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
 # solar noon.  So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
 # happened to be during their visit.  So we still don't really know what time
-# it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess UTC+6.
+# it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess +06.
 #
-Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	zzz	1957 Dec 16
-			6:00	-	VOST	# Vostok time
+Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	-00	1957 Dec 16
+			6:00	-	+06
 
 # S Africa - year-round bases
 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
 # SANAE IV, Vesleskarvet, Queen Maud Land, -714022-0025026, since 1997
 
 # Ukraine - year-round base
 # Vernadsky (formerly Faraday), Galindez Island, -651445-0641526, since 1954
 
 # United Kingdom
 #
 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
 # South Orkney Islands
 #	scientific station from 1903
 #	whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
 # South Shetland Islands
 #
 # year-round bases
 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
 #	scientific station 1943/1967,
 #	previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
 #	and a garrison was deployed briefly
 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
 #	Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
 #	so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
 #  says Rothera is -03 all year.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Rothera	0	-	zzz	1976 Dec  1
-			-3:00	-	ROTT	# Rothera time
+Zone Antarctica/Rothera	0	-	-00	1976 Dec  1
+			-3:00	-	-03
 
 # Uruguay - year round base
 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
 
 # USA - year-round bases
 #
 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
 # See 'southamerica' for Antarctica/Palmer, since it uses South American DST.
 #
 # McMurdo Station, Ross Island, since 1955-12
 # Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
 #
 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
 # at that time (1957).  (Source: Siple's book 90 Degrees South.)
 #
 # From Susan Smith
 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
 # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
 # One last quirk about South Pole time.
 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
 # makes all of the clocks run fast.  So every couple of days,
 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
 #
 # See 'australasia' for Antarctica/McMurdo.
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/asia
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/asia	(revision 309576)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/asia	(revision 309577)
@@ -1,2880 +1,3067 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
 #
 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #	     std  dst
 #	     LMT	Local Mean Time
 #	2:00 EET  EEST	Eastern European Time
 #	2:00 IST  IDT	Israel
 #	3:00 AST  ADT	Arabia*
 #	3:30 IRST IRDT	Iran*
 #	4:00 GST	Gulf*
 #	5:30 IST	India
 #	7:00 ICT	Indochina, most times and locations*
 #	7:00 WIB	west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
 #	8:00 WITA	central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
 #	8:00 CST	China
 #	8:00 IDT	Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)*
 #	8:00 JWST	Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
 #	8:30 KST  KDT	Korea when at +0830*
 #	9:00 JCST	Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
 #	9:00 WIT	east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
 #	9:00 JST  JDT	Japan
 #	9:00 KST  KDT	Korea when at +09
 #	9:30 ACST	Australian Central Standard Time
 #
 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
 
 # From Guy Harris:
 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
 # Worldwide Edition).  The names for time zones are guesses.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	EUAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	EUAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule	EUAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule E-EurAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule E-EurAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule E-EurAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1983	-	Oct	1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule RussiaAsia	1984	1991	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule RussiaAsia	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule RussiaAsia	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule RussiaAsia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	23:00	0	-
-Rule RussiaAsia	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule RussiaAsia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule RussiaAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule RussiaAsia	1984	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule RussiaAsia	1985	2011	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule RussiaAsia	1996	2011	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 
 # Afghanistan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
 			4:00	-	AFT	1945
 			4:30	-	AFT
 
 # Armenia
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
 # readopting Russian DST in 1997.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
 # when they disagree with others.  Edgar Der-Danieliantz
 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995.  IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
 #
 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
 # or
 # (brief)
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			3:00	-	YERT	1957 Mar    # Yerevan Time
-			4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			3:00	1:00	YERST	1991 Sep 23 # independence
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1995 Sep 24  2:00s
-			4:00	-	AMT	1997
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	2012 Mar 25  2:00s
-			4:00	-	AMT
+			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
+			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	1995 Sep 24  2:00s
+			4:00	-	+04	1997
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05
 
 # Azerbaijan
+
 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
+# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
+# daylight saving time....
+# http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
+# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
+# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 4:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-
+Rule	Azer	1997	2015	-	Mar	lastSun	 4:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Azer	1997	2015	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			3:00	-	BAKT	1957 Mar    # Baku Time
-			4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			3:00	1:00	BAKST	1991 Aug 30 # independence
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	AZ%sT	1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
-			4:00	-	AZT	1996     # Azerbaijan Time
-			4:00	EUAsia	AZ%sT	1997
-			4:00	Azer	AZ%sT
+			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
+			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	1992 Sep lastSun  2:00s
+			4:00	-	+04	1996
+			4:00	EUAsia	+04/+05	1997
+			4:00	Azer	+04/+05
 
 # Bahrain
 # See Asia/Qatar.
 
 # Bangladesh
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
 #
 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
 #
 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
 # June
 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
 # crippling power crisis. "
 #
 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
 #
 # Some sources:
 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
 #
 # Our wrap-up:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
 
 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
 #
 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
 #
 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
 # "continue for an indefinite period."
 #
 # One of many places where it is published:
 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
 #
 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
 #
 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
 # Minister's Office last night..."
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Jun	19	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Dec	31	24:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dhaka	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
 			6:30	-	BURT	1951 Sep 30
 			6:00	-	DACT	1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
 			6:00	-	BDT	2009
 			6:00	Dhaka	BD%sT
 
 # Bhutan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
 			5:30	-	IST	1987 Oct
 			6:00	-	BTT	# Bhutan Time
 
 # British Indian Ocean Territory
 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00.  Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Chagos	4:49:40	-	LMT	1907
 			5:00	-	IOT	1996 # BIOT Time
 			6:00	-	IOT
 
 # Brunei
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
 			7:30	-	BNT	1933
 			8:00	-	BNT
 
 # Burma / Myanmar
 
 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Rangoon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880        # or Yangon
+Zone	Asia/Yangon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880        # or Rangoon
 			6:24:40	-	RMT	1920        # Rangoon Mean Time?
 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May    # Burma Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 May  3
 			6:30	-	MMT	# Myanmar Time
 
 # Cambodia
 # See Asia/Bangkok.
 
 
 # China
 
 # From Guy Harris:
 # People's Republic of China.  Yes, they really have only one time zone.
 
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # No they don't.  See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52.  Even though
 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region).  I don't know about DST for it.
 #
 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
 # painful to suck in another copy.  So, here is what I have for
 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
 #
 #     1986 May 4 - Sept 14
 #     1987 mid-April - ??
 
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # CHINA               8 H  AHEAD OF UTC  ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
 # CHINA               9 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 17 - SEP 10
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
 # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
 # this doesn't seem to be correct.  They also write that China observed summer
 # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
 # go with them for DST rules as follows:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Shang	1940	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Shang	1940	1941	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Shang	1941	only	-	Mar	16	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	PRC	1986	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	PRC	1986	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=11	0:00	0	S
 Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 
 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites.  And yes, there are official
 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
 #
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
 # boundaries summarized below]....  A few other exceptions were two
 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
 #
 # (1)
 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
 # officially apparent solar time!  However, Guo also says that the
 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
 # been taken over by the PRC yet.  It's plausible that apparent solar
 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
 # to use UT+8.  As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
 # could well have ignored any such mandate.
 #
 # (2)
 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
 # [undated and unknown publication location]
 # It says several things:
 #   * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
 #   * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
 #     the official calendar book of 1914.
 #   * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
 #     French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
 #     Observatory and set to local mean time.
 #   * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
 #   * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
 #     eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
 #     became used by railways as well.
 #   * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
 #     five time zones (see below for details).  This caught on
 #     at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
 #   * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7.  In practice
 #     this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
 #     Japanese-occupied territory.
 #   * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
 #   * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
 #     place (with some modifications) in March 1948.  It's not clear
 #     how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
 #   * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
 #
 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai."  Guess that the
-# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8.
+# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
 #
 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
 #
-# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5
+# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
 #
-# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8
+# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
 # Asia/Shanghai
 # most of China
 # This currently represents most other zones as well,
 # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
-# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century".
+# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
 #
-# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7
+# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of the area) UT +07
 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
 #
-# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6
+# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
 # Asia/Urumqi
 # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
 # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
 # the Guangdong counties  Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
 #
-# Kunlun Time UT+5.5
+# Kunlun Time UT +05:30
 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
 # and Yarkand.
 
 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
 #
 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
-# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
+# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
 #
 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
 #
 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
 # or 1991 when summer time was in use.  The confusion was severe, with
 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
 
 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
 #
 # 1. Wulumuqi...
 # 2. Kashi...
 # 3. Urumqi...
 # 4. Kashgar...
 # ...
 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
 #
 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
 # start date for Xinjiang time.
 #
 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
 
 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
 # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
 
 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
 # Cochrane.  Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
 # and Beijing Time.  There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other.  The only
 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
 # having the same time as Beijing.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
-# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but
-# this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
+# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
+# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
 #
 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized.  E.g., see
 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
 #  (2014-04-22).
 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
 # quite a trick.  Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
-# XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
+# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
-# guess) as the transition from LMT.  Ignore the usage of UT+8 before
-# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and
+# guess) as the transition from LMT.  Ignore the usage of +08 before
+# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
-# UT+8 mandate back then.
+# +08 mandate back then.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
 Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:43	-	LMT	1901
 			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
 # / Wulumuqi.  (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
 Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928
 			6:00	-	XJT
 
 
 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
 
 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
 
 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
 # obtained from
 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
 # Here are the dates given at
 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
 # as of 2009-10-28:
 # Year        Period
 # 1941        1 Apr to 30 Sep
 # 1942        Whole year
 # 1943        Whole year
 # 1944        Whole year
 # 1945        Whole year
 # 1946        20 Apr to 1 Dec
 # 1947        13 Apr to 30 Dec
 # 1948        2 May to 31 Oct
 # 1949        3 Apr to 30 Oct
 # 1950        2 Apr to 29 Oct
 # 1951        1 Apr to 28 Oct
 # 1952        6 Apr to 25 Oct
 # 1953        5 Apr to 1 Nov
 # 1954        21 Mar to 31 Oct
 # 1955        20 Mar to 6 Nov
 # 1956        18 Mar to 4 Nov
 # 1957        24 Mar to 3 Nov
 # 1958        23 Mar to 2 Nov
 # 1959        22 Mar to 1 Nov
 # 1960        20 Mar to 6 Nov
 # 1961        19 Mar to 5 Nov
 # 1962        18 Mar to 4 Nov
 # 1963        24 Mar to 3 Nov
 # 1964        22 Mar to 1 Nov
 # 1965        18 Apr to 17 Oct
 # 1966        17 Apr to 16 Oct
 # 1967        16 Apr to 22 Oct
 # 1968        21 Apr to 20 Oct
 # 1969        20 Apr to 19 Oct
 # 1970        19 Apr to 18 Oct
 # 1971        18 Apr to 17 Oct
 # 1972        16 Apr to 22 Oct
 # 1973        22 Apr to 21 Oct
 # 1973/74     30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
 # 1975        20 Apr to 19 Oct
 # 1976        18 Apr to 17 Oct
 # 1977        Nil
 # 1978        Nil
 # 1979        13 May to 21 Oct
 # 1980 to Now Nil
 # The page does not give start or end times of day.
 # The page does not give a start date for 1942.
 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	HK	1941	only	-	Apr	1	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1941	only	-	Sep	30	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Apr	20	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Dec	1	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Apr	13	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1948	only	-	May	2	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1948	1951	-	Oct	lastSun	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1952	only	-	Oct	25	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1949	1953	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1953	only	-	Nov	1	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1954	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=18	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1954	only	-	Oct	31	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1955	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1965	1976	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1965	1976	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1973	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1979	only	-	May	Sun>=8	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1979	only	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:42 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
 			8:00	HK	HK%sT	1941 Dec 25
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 15
 			8:00	HK	HK%sT
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Taiwan
 
 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
 
 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
 # found on Wikisource:
 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
 # declared officially.
 #
 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
 # (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
 # be found on Wikisource:
 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
 #
 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
 
 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
 # back to UTC+8 after WW2.  I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945.  In a document
 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21.  And in another
 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time".  From these two
 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21.  And
 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
 # that:
 #
 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
 # the time at 135E (GMT+9)
 #
 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
 #
 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
 # Time.
 #
 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
 # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
 # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
 # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
 # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
 
 # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
 # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
 # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan.  It's Taiwan Governor-General
 # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
 # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
 # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
 # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21.  I think this bulletin is much more
 # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
 # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
 # would be a good one.
 # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
 # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
 
 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
 # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
 # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
 #
 # Original Bulletin:
 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
 #
 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
 #
 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
 #
 # Here is a brief translation:
 #
 #   The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
 #   midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
 #   adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
 #
 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
 # be found from historical government announcement database.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
-# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01
+# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Taiwan	1946	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1946	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1947	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1947	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1948	1951	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1948	1951	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1952	only	-	Mar	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1952	1954	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1953	1959	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1955	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1960	1961	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
 Zone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896 Jan  1
 			8:00	-	JWST	1937 Oct  1
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 21  1:00
 			8:00	Taiwan	C%sT
 
 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Macau	1961	1962	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1961	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
 Rule	Macau	1963	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1964	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Oct	31	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
 Rule	Macau	1972	1974	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1972	1973	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Macau	1974	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=15	3:30	0	-
 Rule	Macau	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=15	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Macau	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
 			8:00	Macau	MO%sT	1999 Dec 20 # return to China
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Cyprus
-#
+
 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00.  Stick with LMT.
+# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
+# Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
+# lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
+# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
 #
+# From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
+# Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
+# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Apr	13	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Oct	12	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	Oct	11	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Cyprus	1977	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1978	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1979	1997	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1981	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Nicosia	2:13:28 -	LMT	1921 Nov 14
 			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
 			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT
-# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
+Zone	Asia/Famagusta	2:15:48	-	LMT	1921 Nov 14
+			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
+			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT	2016 Sep  8
+			3:00	-	+03
 
 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
 Link	Asia/Nicosia	Europe/Nicosia
 
 # Georgia
 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
 #
 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
 #
 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
 #
 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday...  The former Soviet
 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow.  As a result it
 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
 # ahead.  The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
 # of integration into Europe.
 
 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
 # about it.  As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
 
 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
 # Go with Byalokoz.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:11 -	LMT	1880
 			2:59:11	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
-			3:00	-	TBIT	1957 Mar    # Tbilisi Time
-			4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			3:00	1:00	TBIST	1991 Apr  9 # independence
-			3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT	1992        # Georgia Time
-			3:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1994 Sep lastSun
-			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1996 Oct lastSun
-			4:00	1:00	GEST	1997 Mar lastSun
-			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	2004 Jun 27
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	GE%sT	2005 Mar lastSun  2:00
-			4:00	-	GET
+			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
+			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04	1992
+			3:00 E-EurAsia	+03/+04	1994 Sep lastSun
+			4:00 E-EurAsia	+04/+05	1996 Oct lastSun
+			4:00	1:00	+05	1997 Mar lastSun
+			4:00 E-EurAsia	+04/+05	2004 Jun 27
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	2005 Mar lastSun  2:00
+			4:00	-	+04
 
 # East Timor
 
 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
 
 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
 #  (1999-12-26/31):
 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
 # conflicts with their way of life.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
 
 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
 # (2000-08-16):
 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour.  The time change,
 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
 			8:00	-	TLT	1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
 			9:00	-	TLT	1976 May  3
 			8:00	-	WITA	2000 Sep 17  0:00
 			9:00	-	TLT
 
 # India
+
+# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
+# http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
+# (2015-12-22):
+# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
+# outskirts of Bombay....  They were protesting the proposed abolition of
+# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time....  Journalists called this
+# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks."  It lasted nearly half a century.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880        # Kolkata
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
 			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
 			5:30	-	IST
 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
 #	Andaman Is
 #	Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
 #	Nicobar Is
 
 # Indonesia
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01.  Looking at some
 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
-# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
+# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
 # (Hollandia).  For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
 # switched on 1945-09-23.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
 # when writing in English.  For example, see the English-language
 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
 # Indonesia,  (2006-09-29).
-# The abbreviations are:
+# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
 #
-# WIB  - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
-# WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
-# WIT  - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
+# WIB  - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
+# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
+# WIT  - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Java, Sumatra
 Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
 # but this must be a typo.
 			7:07:12	-	BMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
 			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov    # Java Time
 			7:30	-	WIB	1942 Mar 23
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
 			7:30	-	WIB	1948 May
 			8:00	-	WIB	1950 May
 			7:30	-	WIB	1964
 			7:00	-	WIB
 # west and central Borneo
 Zone Asia/Pontianak	7:17:20	-	LMT	1908 May
 			7:17:20	-	PMT	1932 Nov    # Pontianak MT
 			7:30	-	WIB	1942 Jan 29
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
 			7:30	-	WIB	1948 May
 			8:00	-	WIB	1950 May
 			7:30	-	WIB	1964
 			8:00	-	WITA	1988 Jan  1
 			7:00	-	WIB
 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
 Zone Asia/Makassar	7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
 			7:57:36	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar MT
 			8:00	-	WITA	1942 Feb  9
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
 			8:00	-	WITA
 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
 Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
 			9:00	-	WIT	1944 Sep  1
 			9:30	-	ACST	1964
 			9:00	-	WIT
 
 # Iran
 
 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
 #
 #	Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
 #	No. 16760/T233 H				1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
 #
 #	The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
 #
 #	The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
 #	based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
 #	of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
 #	and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
 #	and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
 #	for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
 #
 #	The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
 #	at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
 #	to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
 #	Shahrivar.
 #
 #	First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
 #
 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
 # for at least the last 5 years.  Before that, for a few years, the
 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
 #
 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
 # leap year calculation involved.  There has never been any serious
 # plan to change that law....
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
 # known exactly, amongst other factors.  2157 is even closer:
 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT.  But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
 # no interpretation problem whatsoever.  By the way, another instant
 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT.  The Java version of
 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
 #
 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
 # daylight saving time ...
 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
 #
 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Iran	1978	1980	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	1978	only	-	Oct	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	1979	only	-	Sep	19	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	1980	only	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	1991	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	1992	1995	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	1991	1995	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+#
+# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
+# These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
+# restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
+# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
+# possibly Iran will change the rules first.
+Rule	Iran	2036	max	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2036	max	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
 			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946     # Tehran Mean Time
 			3:30	-	IRST	1977 Nov
 			4:00	Iran	IR%sT	1979
 			3:30	Iran	IR%sT
 
 
 # Iraq
 #
 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
 #
 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time.  They referred
 # to daylight saving as Saddam time.  But, as of today, the time zone
 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
 #
 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
 # news sources (in Arabic):
 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
 #
 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Iraq	1982	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1982	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iraq	1983	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1984	1985	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
 Rule	Iraq	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	D
 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
 #
 Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Apr	 1	3:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
 			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918     # Baghdad Mean Time?
 			3:00	-	AST	1982 May
 			3:00	Iraq	A%sT
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Israel
 
 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
 #
 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988.  Until then there were three
 # different abbreviations in use:
 #
 # JST  Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
 # IZT  Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
 #
 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
 # I ruled out JST.  As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
 # EEST was equally unacceptable.  Since "zonal" was not compatible with
 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
 # settings in Israeli computers.
 #
 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
 # family is from India).
 
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1940	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1942	1944	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1943	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1944	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1946	only	-	Apr	16	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1946	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	May	23	0:00	2:00	DD
 Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1948	1949	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1949	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Sep	15	3:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Nov	11	3:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Apr	20	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Oct	19	3:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Apr	12	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Sep	13	3:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Jun	13	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Sep	12	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Jun	11	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Sep	11	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1956	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1956	only	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1957	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1957	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1974	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1974	only	-	Oct	13	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1975	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1975	only	-	Aug	31	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1985	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1985	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1986	only	-	May	18	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1986	only	-	Sep	 7	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
 
 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
 # ends and changes to Sunday.
 Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Sep	 4	0:00	0	S
 
 # From Ephraim Silverberg
 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
 # and 2005-02-17):
 
 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
 # days of daylight savings time annually.  From 1993-1998, the change to
 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
 # time.  1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year.  In 1999, the change to
 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
 # 1999 only.  In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST.  Starting in 2001, all
 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Mar	25	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Aug	26	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Mar	24	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Mar	29	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S
 
 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel.  The spokeswoman can be reached by
 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
 
 # Rule	NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Aug	28	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 
 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
 # time, Haim Ramon.  The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
 #
 #   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
 #
 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
 #
 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
 #
 #   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
 #
 #       where YYYY is the relevant year.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Sep	14	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Sep	 3	2:00	0	S
 
 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
 # years 2001-2004 as well.
 #
 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
 #
 #	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
 #
 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
 #
 #	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Oct	 6	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Apr	 9	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Sep	24	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Mar	29	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Oct	 7	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Mar	28	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Oct	 3	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Apr	 7	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Sep	22	1:00	0	S
 
 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
 #
 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
 #
 #	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
 #  (2005-02-20)
 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
 # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
 # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
 #
 # Rule	Zion	2005	2012	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
 #
 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
 # springtime transitions explicitly.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2006	2010	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2006	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2007	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2008	only	-	Oct	 5	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2009	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2010	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2012	only	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2012	only	-	Sep	23	2:00	0	S
 
 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
 # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the
 # Time Decree Law.  The next day, the changes passed the First Reading
 # in the Knesset.  The law is expected to pass the Second and Third
 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
 #
 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
 # in March.  DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	2013	max	-	Mar	Fri>=23	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2013	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:54 -	LMT	1880
 			2:20:40	-	JMT	1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT
 
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Japan
 
 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
 
 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
 # [1948-05-01]....  But lack of prior debate and the execution of
 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
 # deep hatred of the concept....  The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed.  (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
 # wanted to keep it.)
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Japan	1948	only	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Japan	1948	1951	-	Sep	Sat>=8	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Japan	1949	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases.  For now, assume
 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
 
 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
 # Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s),
 # 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
 
 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
 # which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
 # standard time".  And the same ordinance also established "western standard
 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E....  But "western standard
 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937).  In the ordinance No.
 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
 # standard....
 #
 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
 
 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
 #
 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
 			9:00	-	JST	1896 Jan  1
 			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
 			9:00	Japan	J%sT
 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
 
 # Jordan
 #
 # From 
 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
 # all year round.
 #
 # From 
 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
 # by one hour.  This is the latest government decision and it's final!
 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
 #
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
 #
 # Google's translation:
 #
 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
 # > of the month of March of each year.
 #
 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
 # until about the same time next year (at least).
 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
 # Official, in Arabic:
 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
 # ... Our background/permalink about it
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
 # ...
 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1973	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1974	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1976	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1977	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1986	1988	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1986	1990	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1989	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1990	only	-	Apr	27	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Apr	17	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1992	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1992	1993	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1993	1998	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1994	only	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1995	1998	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1999	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1999	2002	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2000	2001	-	Mar	lastThu	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	2002	2012	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	2003	only	-	Oct	24	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2004	only	-	Oct	15	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2005	only	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2006	2011	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2013	only	-	Dec	20	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2014	max	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	2014	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
 
 
 # Kazakhstan
 
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
-# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
-# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
-# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
-# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
-# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
-# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
-# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
-# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
-#
-# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
-# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
-# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
-
 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
 #  (2005-03-21):
 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
 #
 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
 # was "blended" with the Central zone.  Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour.  The zone
 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan.  The other zone encompasses
 # everything else....  I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
 
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27) ([*] means see later comments below):
+# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
+# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
 #
+# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
+# from 1991-02-04 No. 20
+# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
+# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
+# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
+# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
+# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
+#
+# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
+# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
+# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
+# text.
+#
+# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
+# (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
+# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
+# transition to "summer" time:
+# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
+# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
+# were to move clocks 1 hour forward.
+# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik
+# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts
+# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
+# Other territories were to not move clocks.
+# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
+# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
+# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
+#
+# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
+# was one of such changes.
+#
+# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время
+# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
+# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
+# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
+# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
+# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
+# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
+# move clocks.)
+#
+# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
+# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
+# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Kzyl-Orda oblast moved into the fifth
+# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
+#
+# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 1992-01-13 No. 28
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
+# (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
+# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
+# 1992-01-08 act.  It specified that time would be calculated
+# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
+# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
+# 2:00, specified DST rules.  It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
+# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
+# border between them to be located east of Kustanay and Aktyubinsk
+# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Kzyl-Orda oblasts into the fifth
+# time belt).
+#
+# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
+# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyrau and Kustanay oblasts; from
+# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk) [*]....
+#
+# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 1992-03-27 No. 284
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
+# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Kzyl-Orda oblasts
+# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
+# and the fifth time belts respectively.
+#
+# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 1994-09-23 No. 384
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
+# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangystau
+# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
+# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
+# result)....
+#
+# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 1996-05-08 No. 575
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
+# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
+# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
+#
+# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 1999-03-26 No. 305
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
+# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyrau oblast since the
+# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
+# time belt.
+#
+# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.
+#
+# There is no zone for Atyrau currently (listed under Asia/Aqtau in
+# zone1970.tab).[*]
+#
+# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
+# replaces the previous five documents.
+#
+# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
+# fourth and the fifth time belts.  They account for changes in spelling
+# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
+# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Kostanay oblast
+# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Kyzylorda oblast
+# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
+# fourth time belt (no change in practice).[*]
+#
+# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
+# modified the 2000-11-23 act.  No relevant changes, apparently.
+#
+# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 2004-07-20 No. 775
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
+# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Kostanay and Kyzylorda oblasts into
+# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
+# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
+# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07).  The changes were to be implemented
+# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
+# amended before implementation happened.
+#
+# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
+# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
+# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
+# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyrau, West Kazakhstan,
+# Kostanay, Kyzylorda and Mangystau oblasts by not moving clocks
+# during the 2014 transition to "winter" time.
+#
+# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyrau oblast (no
+# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
+# +06/+07 for Kostanay oblast (Kostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
+# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....[*]
+#
+# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
+# from 2005-03-15 No. 231
+# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
+# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
+# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
+# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
+# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
+# time.
+#
+# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
+# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
+# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
+# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15):
+# The tables below should reflect Stepan Golosunov's remarks above,
+# except for the items marked "[*]" which I haven't gotten to yet.
+# It looks like we will need new zones Asia/Atyrau and Asia/Qostanay
+# to handle changes from 1992 through 2004 that we did not previously
+# know about.
+
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
+# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
+# KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
 Zone	Asia/Almaty	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Alma-Ata
-			5:00	-	ALMT	1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
-			6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT	1991
-			6:00	-	ALMT	1992
-			6:00 RussiaAsia	ALM%sT	2005 Mar 15
-			6:00	-	ALMT
-# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
+			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
+			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			6:00	-	+06
+# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
 Zone	Asia/Qyzylorda	4:21:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	KIZT	1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
-			5:00	-	KIZT	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	KIZST	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	KIZT	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	KIZ%sT	1991
-			5:00	-	KIZT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
-			5:00	-	QYZT	1992 Jan 19  2:00
-			6:00 RussiaAsia	QYZ%sT	2005 Mar 15
-			6:00	-	QYZT
-# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk)
+			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			6:00	-	+06
+# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
 Zone	Asia/Aqtobe	3:48:40	-	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	AKTT	1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
-			5:00	-	AKTT	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	AKTST	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	AKTT	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	AKT%sT	1991
-			5:00	-	AKTT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
-			5:00	-	AQTT
-# Mangghystau
+			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			5:00	-	+05
+# Qostanay (KZ-KUS)
+
+# Mangghystau (KZ-MAN)
 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
 # so include time stamps before 1963.
 Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	FORT	1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
-			5:00	-	FORT	1963
-			5:00	-	SHET	1981 Oct  1 # Shevchenko Time
-			6:00	-	SHET	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	SHE%sT	1991
-			5:00	-	SHET	1991 Dec 16 # independence
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	1995 Mar lastSun  2:00 # Aqtau Time
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	2005 Mar 15
-			5:00	-	AQTT
-# West Kazakhstan
+			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	+05	1963
+			5:00	-	+05	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1994 Sep 25  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			5:00	-	+05
+
+# West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 Zone	Asia/Oral	3:25:24	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ural'sk
-			4:00	-	URAT	1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
-			5:00	-	URAT	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	URAST	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	URAT	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1989 Mar 26  2:00
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1991
-			4:00	-	URAT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	ORA%sT	2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
-			5:00	-	ORAT
+			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
+			5:00	-	+05
 
 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system.  I take the article
 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Apr	Sun>=7	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2004	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	FRUT	1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
-			6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31  2:00 # independence
-			5:00	Kyrgyz	KG%sT	2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
-			6:00	-	KGT
+			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
+			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Aug 31  2:00
+			5:00	Kyrgyz	+05/+06	2005 Aug 12
+			6:00	-	+06
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Korea (North and South)
 
 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
 # during the 1950-53 Korean War.  The system was temporarily enforced
 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
 
 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
 # http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows....  And I checked old
 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
 # started at June 1 in that year.  For another example, the article in
 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	ROK	1948	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1948	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
 Rule	ROK	1949	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1949	1951	-	Sep	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	ROK	1950	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1951	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1955	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1955	only	-	Sep	 9	0:00	0	S
 Rule	ROK	1956	only	-	May	20	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1956	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
 Rule	ROK	1957	1960	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1957	1960	-	Sep	Sun>=18	0:00	0	S
 Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	3:00	0	S
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-30):
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
 #
-# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (Edict No. 5)
+# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
 #       (Announcement No. 338)
 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
-# 1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)
 #
-# The Wikipedia entry also has confusing information about a change
-# to UT+9 in April 1910, but then what would be the point of the later change
-# to UT+9 on 1912-01-01?  Omit the 1910 change for now.
+# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
+# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
 #
 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
 #
-# For Pyongyang we have no information; guess no changes since World War II.
+# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
+# have no information otherwise.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations.  See:
 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Seoul	8:27:52	-	LMT	1908 Apr  1
 			8:30	-	KST	1912 Jan  1
 			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  8
 			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
 			8:30	ROK	K%sT	1961 Aug 10
 			9:00	ROK	K%sT
 Zone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1908 Apr  1
 			8:30	-	KST	1912 Jan  1
 			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 24
 			9:00	-	KST	2015 Aug 15 00:00
 			8:30	-	KST
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Kuwait
 # See Asia/Riyadh.
 
 # Laos
 # See Asia/Bangkok.
 
 
 # Lebanon
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Oct	8	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1972	only	-	Jun	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1972	1977	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1973	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1984	1987	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1984	1991	-	Oct	16	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1988	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1989	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1990	1992	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1992	only	-	Oct	4	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1993	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1999	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Beirut	2:22:00 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	Lebanon	EE%sT
 
 # Malaysia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Sep	14	0:00	0:20	TS # one-Third Summer
 Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Dec	14	0:00	0	-
 #
 # peninsular Malaysia
 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	6:46:46 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
 			7:00	-	MALT	1933 Jan  1 # Malaya Time
 			7:00	0:20	MALST	1936 Jan  1
 			7:20	-	MALT	1941 Sep  1
 			7:30	-	MALT	1942 Feb 16
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
 			7:30	-	MALT	1982 Jan  1
 			8:00	-	MYT	# Malaysia Time
 # Sabah & Sarawak
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
 			7:30	-	BORT	1933        # Borneo Time
 			8:00	NBorneo	BOR%sT	1942 Feb 16
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
 			8:00	-	BORT	1982 Jan  1
 			8:00	-	MYT
 
 # Maldives
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880 # Male
 			4:54:00	-	MMT	1960 # Male Mean Time
 			5:00	-	MVT	# Maldives Time
 
 # Mongolia
 
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
 
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
 # General Information Mongolia
 #  (1999-09)
 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
 # eight hours."
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
 # being the last year it was implemented.  The dates of implementation I am
 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
 # of implementation may have been different....
 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
 # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
 # is good enough for our purposes.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
 # there are three time zones.
 #
 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
 #	Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
 #
 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
 
 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
 # Windows XP as the source.  Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
-# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
+# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
 # He also found
 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
 
 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
 
 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
 # database on this, e.g.:
 #
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
 #
 # both say GMT+08:00.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
 # schedule here:
 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
 # (click the English flag for English)
 #
 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
 # this is almost surely wrong.
 
 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
 # daylight saving time in Mongolia....  Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts.  And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
 # September daylight saving time ends.  Source:
 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Mongol	1983	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	1983	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00.  Also, IATA SSIM
 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
 # the country.  That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
 
 Rule	Mongol	1985	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	1984	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
 Rule	Mongol	2001	only	-	Apr	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	2001	2006	-	Sep	lastSat	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Mongol	2002	2006	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	2015	max	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	2015	max	-	Sep	lastSat	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
 Zone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
 			6:00	-	HOVT	1978     # Hovd Time
 			7:00	Mongol	HOV%sT
 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
 Zone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
 			7:00	-	ULAT	1978     # Ulaanbaatar Time
 			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
 Zone	Asia/Choibalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
 			7:00	-	ULAT	1978
 			8:00	-	ULAT	1983 Apr
 			9:00	Mongol	CHO%sT	2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
 			8:00	Mongol	CHO%sT
 
 # Nepal
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kathmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
 			5:30	-	IST	1986
 			5:45	-	NPT	# Nepal Time
 
 # Oman
 # See Asia/Dubai.
 
 # Pakistan
 
 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002.  This is what I was
 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
 # 15th October each year".  This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
 # it's not on a trial basis.  Also, the "between the first Saturday
 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
 # DAWN  reported on 2002-10-05
 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight.  Go with McDow for now.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
 #
 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
 #
 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
 #
 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
 #
 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
 # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
 #
 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
 # instead of August 31.
 #
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
 # official working."
 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
 #
 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
 #
 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
 # April 08, 2009
 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
 #
 # ....
 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
 # conserve energy"
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
 # this regard."
 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
 # October 1, 2009.
 #
 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
 # Monday."
 #
 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
 #
 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
 
 # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
 # >
 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
 #
 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
 #
 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:01	1:00	S
-Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:01	0	-
+Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
 Rule Pakistan	2008	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Pakistan	2008	2009	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
 			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
 			5:30	-	IST	1951 Sep 30
 			5:00	-	KART	1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
 			5:00 Pakistan	PK%sT	# Pakistan Time
 
 # Palestine
 
 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
 #
 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
 #
 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
 # time zone was affected then).  It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
 # though.
 #
 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
 # Trans-Jordan").  So the rules for Jordan for that time apply.  Major
 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
 # East Jerusalem.
 #
 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
 # for East Jerusalem).  They were on Israel time since then; there might
 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
 #
 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995.  I know that in order to
 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
 # Jordanian one).
 #
 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
 #
 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
 # Israel      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion
 # West bank   | Zion      | Jordan    | Zion      | Jordan
 # Gaza        | Zion      | Egypt     | Zion      | Jordan
 #
 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
 # have one).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
 # to Palestine's rules.
 
 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
 #
 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
 # one-hour forward at this time.  As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
 # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
 # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
 # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
 # the Ramadan.  Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
 # earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel.  I was not
 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
 # the West Bank.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday.  It is also time to turn
 # > back the clocks for winter.  Friday will begin an hour late this week.
 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
 # because of the Ramadan.
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
 # surprised if they agreed about DST.  But for now, assume they agree.
 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
 #
 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
 #
 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
 #
 # (in Arabic)
 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
 #
 # (English translation)
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
 #
 # One news source:
 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
 #
 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
 #
 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
 #
 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
 #
 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
 # (in Arabic)
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
 # noon though:
 #
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
 # (Ma'an News Agency)
 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
 # According to several sources, including
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
 # Gaza and the West Bank.
 # Some more background info:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
 # Ramadan.
 #
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
 # Additional info:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
 # ...
 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
 # 00:00).
 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
 #
 # Many sources, including:
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
 # Some of many sources in Arabic:
 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
 #
 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
 #
 # Our brief summary:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
 # official source...:
 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
 # and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
-# For future dates, guess the last Friday in March at 24:00 through
-# the first Friday on or after October 21 at 00:00.  This is consistent with
-# the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs:
+
+# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
+# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
+# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
+# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
+# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12):
+# Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
+
+# From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19):
+# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
+# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
+# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19):
+# Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
+# This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring
+# predictions.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19):
+# It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule EgyptAsia	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1967	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
 Rule EgyptAsia	1966	only	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
 
 Rule Palestine	1999	2005	-	Apr	Fri>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	1999	2003	-	Oct	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2004	only	-	Oct	 1	1:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2005	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2006	2007	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=8	2:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2008	2009	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2008	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2009	only	-	Sep	Fri>=1	1:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2010	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2010	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Apr	 1	0:01	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Aug	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Aug	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2012	2014	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2012	only	-	Sep	21	1:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2013	only	-	Sep	Fri>=21	0:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2014	max	-	Oct	Fri>=21	0:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2015	max	-	Mar	lastFri	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule Palestine	2014	2015	-	Oct	Fri>=21	0:00	0	-
+Rule Palestine	2015	only	-	Mar	lastFri	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule Palestine	2016	max	-	Mar	lastSat	1:00	1:00	S
+Rule Palestine	2016	max	-	Oct	lastSat	1:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 			2:00	Zion	EET	1948 May 15
 			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2008 Aug 29  0:00
 			2:00	-	EET	2008 Sep
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2010
 			2:00	-	EET	2010 Mar 27  0:01
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2011 Aug  1
 			2:00	-	EET	2012
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
 
 Zone	Asia/Hebron	2:20:23	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 			2:00	Zion	EET	1948 May 15
 			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
 
 # Paracel Is
 # no information
 
 # Philippines
 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
 # History of the International Date Line
 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
 # but no details]
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
 # March-June, but this is not definite.  It also says DST was last proclaimed
 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Phil	1937	only	-	Feb	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Apr	12	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 			8:04:00 -	LMT	1899 May 11
 			8:00	Phil	PH%sT	1942 May
 			9:00	-	JST	1944 Nov
 			8:00	Phil	PH%sT
 
 # Qatar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920     # Al Dawhah / Doha
 			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
 			3:00	-	AST
 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
 
 # Saudi Arabia
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
 # has never been made official.  Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
 #
 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
 # we can do.  The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947".  Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
 # earlier date.
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
-# time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of
+# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
 # the country.  Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1947 Mar 14
 			3:00	-	AST
 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden	# Yemen
 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
 
 # Singapore
 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
 			7:00	-	MALT	1933 Jan  1 # Malaya Time
 			7:00	0:20	MALST	1936 Jan  1
 			7:20	-	MALT	1941 Sep  1
 			7:30	-	MALT	1942 Feb 16
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
 			7:30	-	MALT	1965 Aug  9 # independence
 			7:30	-	SGT	1982 Jan  1 # Singapore Time
 			8:00	-	SGT
 
 # Spratly Is
 # no information
 
 # Sri Lanka
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898.  Prior to this Colombo
 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used."  But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
 # Shanks and Pottenger.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
 # (, 1996-05-24,
 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
 #
 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
 #  (1996-10-26):
 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
 #  (2006-04-13):
 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
 
 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
 # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
 
-# From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
-# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
-# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
-# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
-# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
+# From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
+# According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
+# Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
+# standard time is SLST.
 #
-# I recollect before the recent change the government announcements
-# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
-# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
-#
-# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
-# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
-# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
-# item....
-#
-# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
-# administrators.  In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
-# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
-# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
-# slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
-#
-# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
-# (that we have not known so far) then  it is better that it be used for
-# all computers.
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
+# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time
+# zone nerd sources.  I searched Google News and found three uses of
+# it in the International Business Times of India in February and
+# March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
+# since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
+# other English-language news sources.  Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
+# even worse.  For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
+# switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
-# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
-# and then see what people actually say in practice.
-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Colombo	5:19:24 -	LMT	1880
 			5:19:32	-	MMT	1906        # Moratuwa Mean Time
-			5:30	-	IST	1942 Jan  5
-			5:30	0:30	IHST	1942 Sep
-			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 16  2:00
-			5:30	-	IST	1996 May 25  0:00
-			6:30	-	LKT	1996 Oct 26  0:30
-			6:00	-	LKT	2006 Apr 15  0:30
-			5:30	-	IST
+			5:30	-	+0530	1942 Jan  5
+			5:30	0:30	+0530/+06 1942 Sep
+			5:30	1:00	+0530/+0630 1945 Oct 16  2:00
+			5:30	-	+0530	1996 May 25  0:00
+			6:30	-	+0630	1996 Oct 26  0:30
+			6:00	-	+06	2006 Apr 15  0:30
+			5:30	-	+0530
 
 # Syria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1963	1965	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1963	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1964	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1965	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1966	only	-	Apr	24	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1966	1976	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1967	1978	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1977	1978	-	Sep	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Apr	9	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Feb	16	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Oct	9	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1987	only	-	Mar	1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1987	1988	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1988	only	-	Mar	15	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1990	only	-	Apr	1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1990	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1991	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1991	1992	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1992	only	-	Apr	 8	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
 Rule	Syria	1994	1996	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1994	2005	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1997	1998	-	Mar	lastMon	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1999	2006	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
 # this year [only]....  This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
 Rule	Syria	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
 Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
 # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
 #
 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
 #
 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
 #
 # which using Google's translate tools says:
 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
 Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Nov	 Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 
 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
 # Country     Time Standard   --- DST Start ---   --- DST End ---  DST
 # Name        Zone Variation   Time    Date        Time    Date
 # Variation
 # Syrian Arab
 # Republic    SY    +0200      2200  03APR08       2100  30SEP08   +0300
 #                              2200  02APR09       2100  30SEP09   +0300
 #                              2200  01APR10       2100  30SEP10   +0300
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
 # Agency (SANA)...
 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
 # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
 # compilers can't handle  or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
 #
 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
 # clocks back 60 minutes).
 #
 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
 # two examples:
 #
 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
 # (Arabic, gov-site)
 #
 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
 #
 # Our summary
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
 #
 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
 #
 # Our brief summary:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
 
 Rule	Syria	2008	only	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	2008	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	2009	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	2010	2011	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	2012	max	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	2009	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920 # Dimashq
 			2:00	Syria	EE%sT
 
 # Tajikistan
 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	DUST	1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
-			6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9  2:00s
-			5:00	-	TJT	# Tajikistan Time
+			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
+			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			5:00	1:00	+05/+06	1991 Sep  9  2:00s
+			5:00	-	+05
 
 # Thailand
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
 			6:42:04	-	BMT	1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
 			7:00	-	ICT
 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh	# Cambodia
 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane	# Laos
 
 # Turkmenistan
 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
-			4:00	-	ASHT	1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Oct 27 # independence
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	TM%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00
-			5:00	-	TMT
+			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00
+			5:00	-	+05
 
 # United Arab Emirates
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
 			4:00	-	GST
 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat	# Oman
 
 # Uzbekistan
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:53 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
-			5:00	-	SAMT	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	SAMST	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	TAST	1982 Apr  1 # Tashkent Time
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	SAM%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
-			5:00	-	UZT
+			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992
+			5:00	-	+05
 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
 Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:11 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	TAST	1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
-			6:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
-			5:00	-	UZT
+			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
+			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992
+			5:00	-	+05
 
 # Vietnam
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam.  But this is quite a ways
 # from Saigon's location.  For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
 # is quoted verbatim in:
 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
 # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
 # and is the basis for the information below.
 #
 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
 # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris.
 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
 # the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
 # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
 # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
 # is closer to 07:06:31.  Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
 #
 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
 #
 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
 #
 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
 #
 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
 #
 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
 			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
 			7:00	-	ICT	1942 Dec 31 23:00
 			8:00	-	IDT	1945 Mar 14 23:00
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
 			7:00	-	ICT	1947 Apr  1
 			8:00	-	IDT	1955 Jul  1
 			7:00	-	ICT	1959 Dec 31 23:00
 			8:00	-	IDT	1975 Jun 13
 			7:00	-	ICT
 
 # Yemen
 # See Asia/Riyadh.
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/australasia
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/australasia	(revision 309576)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/australasia	(revision 309577)
@@ -1,1765 +1,1789 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
 
 # Notes are at the end of this file
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Australia
 
 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Jan	 1	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Aus	1943	1944	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Aus	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00	1:00	D
 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944.  Ignore Whitman's claim that
 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Northern Territory
 Zone Australia/Darwin	 8:43:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			 9:00	-	ACST	1899 May
 			 9:30	Aus	AC%sT
 # Western Australia
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AW	1974	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AW	1975	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AW	1983	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AW	1984	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AW	1991	only	-	Nov	17	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AW	1992	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AW	2006	only	-	Dec	 3	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AW	2007	2009	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AW	2007	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Zone Australia/Perth	 7:43:24 -	LMT	1895 Dec
 			 8:00	Aus	AW%sT	1943 Jul
 			 8:00	AW	AW%sT
 Zone Australia/Eucla	 8:35:28 -	LMT	1895 Dec
 			 8:45	Aus	ACW%sT	1943 Jul
 			 8:45	AW	ACW%sT
 
 # Queensland
 #
 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
 # Queensland ceased to.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
 # so use Lindeman.
 #
+# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
+# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday
+# islands is a colloquial term used globally.  Hayman and Lindeman are at the
+# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and
+# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone
+# applies to all of the Whitsundays.
+# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AQ	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AQ	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Holiday	1992	1993	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Holiday	1993	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Zone Australia/Brisbane	10:12:08 -	LMT	1895
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
 			10:00	AQ	AE%sT
 Zone Australia/Lindeman  9:55:56 -	LMT	1895
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
 			10:00	AQ	AE%sT	1992 Jul
 			10:00	Holiday	AE%sT
 
 # South Australia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AS	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AS	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AS	1987	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AS	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	1991	only	-	Mar	3	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	1992	only	-	Mar	22	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	1993	only	-	Mar	7	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	1994	only	-	Mar	20	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	2006	only	-	Apr	2	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Adelaide	9:14:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			9:00	-	ACST	1899 May
 			9:30	Aus	AC%sT	1971
 			9:30	AS	AC%sT
 
 # Tasmania
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AT	1967	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AT	1968	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	1968	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AT	1969	1971	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	1982	1983	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	1984	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	1986	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AT	1987	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	1987	only	-	Oct	Sun>=22	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AT	1988	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AT	1991	1999	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AT	1991	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AT	2001	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AT	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Hobart	9:49:16	-	LMT	1895 Sep
 			10:00	-	AEST	1916 Oct  1  2:00
 			10:00	1:00	AEDT	1917 Feb
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1967
 			10:00	AT	AE%sT
 Zone Australia/Currie	9:35:28	-	LMT	1895 Sep
 			10:00	-	AEST	1916 Oct  1  2:00
 			10:00	1:00	AEDT	1917 Feb
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971 Jul
 			10:00	AT	AE%sT
 
 # Victoria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AV	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AV	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AV	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AV	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AV	1986	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AV	1988	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AV	1991	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AV	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AV	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AV	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AV	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AV	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
 			10:00	AV	AE%sT
 
 # New South Wales
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AN	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AN	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	1982	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	1983	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AN	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AN	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AN	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AN	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Sydney	10:04:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
 			10:00	AN	AE%sT
 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	-	AEST	1896 Aug 23
 			9:00	-	ACST	1899 May
 			9:30	Aus	AC%sT	1971
 			9:30	AN	AC%sT	2000
 			9:30	AS	AC%sT
 
 # Lord Howe Island
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	LH	1981	1984	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	LH	1982	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	LH	1985	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	D
 Rule	LH	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	S
 Rule	LH	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00	0:30	D
 Rule	LH	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	D
 Rule	LH	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	LH	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	LH	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00	0:30	D
 Rule	LH	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	D
 Rule	LH	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	LH	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0:30	D
 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	-	AEST	1981 Mar
 			10:30	LH	LH%sT
 
 # Australian miscellany
 #
 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
 # no times are set
 #
 # Coral Sea Is
 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
 # no times are set
 #
 # Macquarie
 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919.  See the
 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831
 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
 # on 4 April.
 #
 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
 # pre-2013 versions of localtime.
-Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0	-	zzz	1899 Nov
+Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0	-	-00	1899 Nov
 			10:00	-	AEST	1916 Oct  1  2:00
 			10:00	1:00	AEDT	1917 Feb
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1919 Apr  1  0:00s
-			0	-	zzz	1948 Mar 25
+			0	-	-00	1948 Mar 25
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1967
 			10:00	AT	AE%sT	2010 Apr  4  3:00
 			11:00	-	MIST	# Macquarie I Standard Time
 
 # Christmas
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Indian/Christmas	7:02:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			7:00	-	CXT	# Christmas Island Time
 
 # Cocos (Keeling) Is
 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900
 			6:30	-	CCT	# Cocos Islands Time
 
 
 # Fiji
 
 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation,  Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
 # from November 29th 2009  to April 25th 2010.
 #
 # "Daylight savings to commence this month"
 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
 # amendments:
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
 #
 # Official source:
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
 #
 # A bit more background info here:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
 #
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
 # which says
 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
 # 2am on February 26 next year.
 
 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
 #
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
 # states:
 #
 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
 # on the  23rd of October, 2011.
 
 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:
 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate
 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
 
 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ...
 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):
 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx
 
 # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20):
 # DST will start Nov. 2 this year.
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx
 
 # From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77
 # in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28),
 # via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02):
 # the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time
 # commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at
 # 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-01):
+# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04):
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx
+# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when
+# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am....  Daylight Saving will
+# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017."
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-03):
 # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to
 # 03:00 the third Sunday in January.  Although ad hoc, it matches
 # transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future
 # practice than guessing no DST.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Fiji	1998	1999	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Fiji	1999	2000	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2009	only	-	Nov	29	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Fiji	2010	only	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2010	2013	-	Oct	Sun>=21	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Fiji	2011	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2012	2013	-	Jan	Sun>=18	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2014	only	-	Jan	Sun>=18	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2014	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Fiji	2015	max	-	Jan	Sun>=15	3:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:55:44 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26 # Suva
 			12:00	Fiji	FJ%sT	# Fiji Time
 
 # French Polynesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Gambier	 -8:59:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Rikitea
 			 -9:00	-	GAMT	# Gambier Time
 Zone	Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 -	LMT	1912 Oct
 			 -9:30	-	MART	# Marquesas Time
 Zone	Pacific/Tahiti	 -9:58:16 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Papeete
 			-10:00	-	TAHT	# Tahiti Time
 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
 # it is uninhabited.
 
 # Guam
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Guam	-14:21:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 			 9:39:00 -	LMT	1901        # Agana
 			10:00	-	GST	2000 Dec 23 # Guam
 			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time
 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
 
 # Kiribati
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Tarawa	 11:32:04 -	LMT	1901 # Bairiki
 			 12:00	-	GILT	# Gilbert Is Time
 Zone Pacific/Enderbury	-11:24:20 -	LMT	1901
 			-12:00	-	PHOT	1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
 			-11:00	-	PHOT	1995
 			 13:00	-	PHOT
 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati	-10:29:20 -	LMT	1901
 			-10:40	-	LINT	1979 Oct # Line Is Time
 			-10:00	-	LINT	1995
 			 14:00	-	LINT
 
 # N Mariana Is
 # See Pacific/Guam.
 
 # Marshall Is
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Majuro	11:24:48 -	LMT	1901
 			11:00	-	MHT	1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
 			12:00	-	MHT
 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein	11:09:20 -	LMT	1901
 			11:00	-	MHT	1969 Oct
 			-12:00	-	KWAT	1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
 			12:00	-	MHT
 
 # Micronesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Chuuk	10:07:08 -	LMT	1901
 			10:00	-	CHUT	# Chuuk Time
 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei	10:32:52 -	LMT	1901 # Kolonia
 			11:00	-	PONT	# Pohnpei Time
 Zone Pacific/Kosrae	10:51:56 -	LMT	1901
 			11:00	-	KOST	1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
 			12:00	-	KOST	1999
 			11:00	-	KOST
 
 # Nauru
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Nauru	11:07:40 -	LMT	1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
 			11:30	-	NRT	1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1944 Aug 15
 			11:30	-	NRT	1979 May
 			12:00	-	NRT
 
 # New Caledonia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NC	1977	1978	-	Dec	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	NC	1978	1979	-	Feb	27	0:00	0	-
 Rule	NC	1996	only	-	Dec	 1	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
 Rule	NC	1997	only	-	Mar	 2	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Noumea	11:05:48 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
 			11:00	NC	NC%sT
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # New Zealand
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NZ	1927	only	-	Nov	 6	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	NZ	1928	only	-	Mar	 4	2:00	0	M
 Rule	NZ	1928	1933	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00	0:30	S
 Rule	NZ	1929	1933	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	M
 Rule	NZ	1934	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	0	M
 Rule	NZ	1934	1940	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0:30	S
 Rule	NZ	1946	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	S
 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
 # convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition
 # so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
 Rule	NZ	1974	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Chatham	1974	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:45s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZ	1975	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Chatham	1975	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:45s	0	S
 Rule	NZ	1975	1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Chatham	1975	1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:45s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZ	1976	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Chatham	1976	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:45s	0	S
 Rule	NZ	1989	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Chatham	1989	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:45s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZ	1990	2006	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Chatham	1990	2006	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:45s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZ	1990	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Chatham	1990	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:45s	0	S
 Rule	NZ	2007	max	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Chatham	2007	max	-	Sep	lastSun	2:45s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZ	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Chatham	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:45s	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Auckland	11:39:04 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
 			11:30	NZ	NZ%sT	1946 Jan  1
 			12:00	NZ	NZ%sT
 Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:13:48 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
 			12:15	-	CHAST	1946 Jan  1
 			12:45	Chatham	CHA%sT
 
 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
 
 # Auckland Is
 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
 # and scientific personnel have wintered
 
 # Campbell I
 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
 
 # Cook Is
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Cook	1978	only	-	Nov	12	0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Cook	1979	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cook	1979	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	HS
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga	-10:39:04 -	LMT	1901        # Avarua
 			-10:30	-	CKT	1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
 			-10:00	Cook	CK%sT
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 
 # Niue
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Niue	-11:19:40 -	LMT	1901        # Alofi
 			-11:20	-	NUT	1951        # Niue Time
 			-11:30	-	NUT	1978 Oct  1
 			-11:00	-	NUT
 
 # Norfolk
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Norfolk	11:11:52 -	LMT	1901 # Kingston
 			11:12	-	NMT	1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
 			11:30	-	NFT	1974 Oct 27 02:00 # Norfolk T.
 			11:30	1:00	NFST	1975 Mar  2 02:00
 			11:30	-	NFT	2015 Oct  4 02:00
 			11:00	-	NFT
 
 # Palau (Belau)
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Palau	8:57:56 -	LMT	1901 # Koror
 			9:00	-	PWT	# Palau Time
 
 # Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
 			9:48:32	-	PMMT	1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
 			10:00	-	PGT	# Papua New Guinea Time
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
 #
-# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates
+# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
 # http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
 #
-# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11
-# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00.  They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time";
+# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11
+# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00.  They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time";
 # abbreviate this as BST.  See:
 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
 #
 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 -	LMT	1880
 			 9:48:32 -	PMMT	1895
 			10:00	-	PGT	1942 Jul
 			 9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 21
 			10:00	-	PGT	2014 Dec 28  2:00
 			11:00	-	BST
 
 # Pitcairn
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn	-8:40:20 -	LMT	1901        # Adamstown
 			-8:30	-	PNT	1998 Apr 27  0:00
 			-8:00	-	PST	# Pitcairn Standard Time
 
 # American Samoa
 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago	 12:37:12 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 			-11:22:48 -	LMT	1911
 			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr    # N=Nome
 			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
 			-11:00	-	SST	            # S=Samoa
 Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands
 
 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
 # the following info:
 #
 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
 # Sunday of April 2011."
 #
 # Background info:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
 #
 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
 # contain any dates:
 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
 
 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
 # Please see
 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws
 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
 
 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
 #
 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
 
 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
 #
 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
 # The International Date Line Act 2011
 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
-# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
+# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
 # Thursday 29th December 2011".  The International Date Line was adjusted
 # accordingly.
 
 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
 #
 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
 #
 # DST
 # Year  End      Time              Start        Time
 # 2011  - - -    - - -             24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
 # 2012  01 April 4:00am to 3:00am  - - -        - - -
 #
 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
 # Thursday 29th December 2011	23:59:59 Hours
 # Saturday 31st December 2011	00:00:00 Hours
 #
 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	WS	2010	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1	D
 Rule	WS	2011	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	4:00	0	S
 Rule	WS	2011	only	-	Sep	lastSat	3:00	1	D
 Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	4:00	0	S
 Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	1	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Apia	 12:33:04 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 			-11:26:56 -	LMT	1911
 			-11:30	-	WSST	1950
 			-11:00	WS	S%sT	2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa
 			 13:00	WS	WS%sT
 
 # Solomon Is
 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Honiara
 			11:00	-	SBT	# Solomon Is Time
 
 # Tokelau Is
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
 # December 31 this year ...
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
 # actually was to UTC-11 back then.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
 # , page 65, says Tokelau
 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T."  Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
 # are off by an hour starting in 1901.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Fakaofo	-11:24:56 -	LMT	1901
 			-11:00	-	TKT	2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
 			13:00	-	TKT
 
 # Tonga
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Tonga	1999	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tonga	2000	only	-	Mar	19	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Tonga	2000	2001	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Tonga	2001	2002	-	Jan	lastSun	2:00	0	-
+Rule	Tonga	2016	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Tonga	2017	max	-	Jan	Sun>=15	3:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu	12:19:20 -	LMT	1901
-			12:20	-	TOT	1941 # Tonga Time
-			13:00	-	TOT	1999
-			13:00	Tonga	TO%sT
+			12:20	-	+1220	1941
+			13:00	-	+13	1999
+			13:00	Tonga	+13/+14
 
 # Tuvalu
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
 			12:00	-	TVT	# Tuvalu Time
 
 
 # US minor outlying islands
 
 # Howland, Baker
 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
 # uninhabited thereafter.
-# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937;
+# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937;
 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
 # until they were abandoned after the war.
 
 # Jarvis
 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
 # uninhabited thereafter.
 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
 
 # Johnston
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11):
 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
 # Details are uncertain.  We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
 # treat it like Hawaii for now.
 #
 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
 #  (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time."  This was in June 1945, and
 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
 #
 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):
 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours.  This apparently applied to at least the
 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
 # http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
 # Minus One Hour".
 #
 # See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston.
 
 # Kingman
 # uninhabited
 
 # Midway
 # See Pacific/Pago_Pago.
 
 # Palmyra
 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
 
 # Wake
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Wake	11:06:28 -	LMT	1901
 			12:00	-	WAKT	# Wake Time
 
 
 # Vanuatu
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Vanuatu	1983	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Vanuatu	1984	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=23	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Vanuatu	1984	only	-	Oct	23	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Vanuatu	1985	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=23	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Vanuatu	1992	1993	-	Jan	Sun>=23	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Vanuatu	1992	only	-	Oct	Sun>=23	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Vila
 			11:00	Vanuatu	VU%sT	# Vanuatu Time
 
 # Wallis and Futuna
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 			12:00	-	WFT	# Wallis & Futuna Time
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # NOTES
 
 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #		std	dst
 #		LMT		Local Mean Time
 #	  8:00	AWST	AWDT	Western Australia
 #	  8:45	ACWST	ACWDT	Central Western Australia*
 #	  9:00	JST		Japan
 #	  9:30	ACST	ACDT	Central Australia
 #	 10:00	AEST	AEDT	Eastern Australia
 #	 10:00	ChST		Chamorro
 #	 10:30	LHST	LHDT	Lord Howe*
 #	 11:00	BST		Bougainville*
 #	 11:30	NZMT	NZST	New Zealand through 1945
 #	 12:00	NZST	NZDT	New Zealand 1946-present
 #	 12:15	CHAST		Chatham through 1945*
 #	 12:45	CHAST	CHADT	Chatham 1946-present*
 #	 13:00	WSST	WSDT	(western) Samoa 2011-present*
 #	-11:30	WSST		Western Samoa through 1950*
 #	-11:00	SST		Samoa
 #	-10:00	HST		Hawaii
 #	- 8:00	PST		Pitcairn*
 #
 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Australia
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
 # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
 # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving
 # covers New South Wales in particular.
 
 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
 # It is called 'summer' time.  Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
 # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
 # abbreviation does _not_ change...
 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
 # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight
 # time'.
 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time'
 # or 'Eastern Summer Time'.  (Note, though, that as I say in the
 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.)  Announcers
 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
 # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times;
 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
 #
 # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
 # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
 # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
 # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
 # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
 # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
 # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
 # what matters is the abbreviation.  It's difficult to survey the web
 # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
 # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
 # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
 # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:
 #
 #   10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
 #   10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
 #   10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
 #   13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
 #   18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
 #   28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
 #   39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
 #   53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
 #   54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
 #  182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au
 #
 #   17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
 #   46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au
 #
 # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
 # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits.  I also looked for pages
 # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
 # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:
 #
 #  156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
 #  226 "western standard time" WST site:au
 #
 # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
 # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
 # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
 # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT".  The papers
 # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
 # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
 # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).
 #
 # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
 # like "AEDT" are new.  A Trove search 
 # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
 # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
 # fully indexed.  The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
 # like "AEDT".  The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
 # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
 # (1993-01-24, p 16).  The style was the typical usage but was not
 # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
 # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
 # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
 # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
 # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
 # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."
 #
 # I also surveyed federal government sources.  They did not agree:
 #
 #   The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
 #   http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
 #   (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
 #   AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
 #
 #   Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
 #   http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
 #   EST CST WST EDT CDT
 #
 #   Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
 #   http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
 #   EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)
 #
 #   Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
 #   http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
 #   AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
 #
 #   Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
 #   http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
 #   EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used
 #
 #   The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
 #   and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
 #   Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
 #   311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
 #   "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
 #   appear in reports of events with international implications.
 #
 # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
 # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
 # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
 # the minority.  The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
 # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
 # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
 # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A".  The current
 # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
 # "AEDT" for Australian time zones.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time.
 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
 
 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
 #
 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
 # relevant entries in this database.
 #
 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html
 # ACT
 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html
 # SA
 # Standard Time Act, 1898
 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html
 
 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
 # to extend DST together in 2006.
 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
 # allude to it.
 # But not Queensland
 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html
 
 # Northern Territory
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY..  [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
 # #					[ Nov 1990 ]
 # #	N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
 # ...
 # Zone        Australia/North         9:30    -       CST
 
 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
 
 # Western Australia
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #  The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA..  [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
 # #						[ Nov 1990 ]
 # #	W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
 # #	DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
 # #	usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
 # #	before reaching parliament.
 # ...
 # Zone	Australia/West		8:00	AW	%sST
 # ...
 # Rule	AW	1974	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	AW	1975	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	W
 # Rule	AW	1983	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	AW	1984	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	W
 
 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
 
 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
 # work at 9.00am.)
 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
 # everybody again.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
 # it matches what was used in the past.
 
 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
 # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
 # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
 
 # Queensland
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #   The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
 # #						[ Dec 1990 ]
 # ...
 # Zone	Australia/Queensland	10:00	AQ	%sST
 # ...
 # Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	E
 # Rule	AQ	1989	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	AQ	1990	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	E
 
 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
 # October 1989).
 
 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
 
 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
 # end on Sunday, 3 March.  I don't know at what hour, though.  (It surprised
 # me.)
 
 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
 # ...
 # Rule	QLD	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	QLD	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	S
 # ...
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
 
 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
 # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
 # WA are trialing DST for three years.
 # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf
 
 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
 # southern coast....  South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
 # Australia does not.  The two states are one and a half hours apart.  The
 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
 # Australia and Western Australia....
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
 # This is confirmed by the section entitled
 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in
 # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html
 #
 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
 # coast of the continent.
 #
 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
 # the largest population centre in this zone....
 #
 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
 #
 # (2006-12-09):
 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
 # of this time zone.  My hunch is that it's been around since well
 # before 1975.  I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
 # introduction of standard time in 1895.
 
 
 # southeast Australia
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
 
 
 # South Australia
 
 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #   The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
 # #						[ Nov 1990 ]
 # ...
 # Zone	Australia/South		9:30	AS	%sST
 # ...
 # Rule	 AS	1971	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	 AS	1972	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	C
 # Rule	 AS	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	3:00	0	C
 # Rule	 AS	1991	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	C
 
 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
 # contained the following exchange:  "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
 
 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
 # numbered year (from 1990).  That's when the Adelaide Festival
 # is on...
 
 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
 
 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
 
 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
 
 # Tasmania
 
 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #  The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
 # #					[ Nov 1990 ]
 
 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
 # (but nothing new about that).
 
 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
 # instead of the first Sunday in October.
 
 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
 
 # Victoria
 
 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #   The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
 # #						[ Nov 1990 ]
 
 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
 # interesting story about daylight savings time.  Dr. John Heilbron was
 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
 # in Melbourne, Australia.
 #
 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
 # fallen WWI soldiers.  And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
 # expected time.
 #
 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?).  Perhaps
 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
 #
 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
 
 # New South Wales
 
 # From Arthur David Olson:
 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
 # Based on law library research by John Mackin,
 # who notes:
 #	In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
 #	individual states.  Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
 #	[I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
 #	use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
 #	legislation.  This is very important to understand.
 #	I have researched New South Wales time only...
 
 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
 # October in 2000.  See: Matthew Moore,
 # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).
 # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
 # See the following official NSW source:
 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
 # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ
 #
 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
 # daylight saving next year.  See:
 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm
 # (1999-07-22).  For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
 #
 # Victoria will following NSW.  See:
 # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
 # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm
 #
 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request.  See:
 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm
 #
 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics.  See:
 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm
 # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
 # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
 #
 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000.  See:
 # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm
 
 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
 
 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
 # towns to use Queensland time.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
 
 # Yancowinna
 
 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
 # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # # YANCOWINNA..  [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
 # #					[ Dec 1990 ]
 # ...
 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
 # # presently available.
 # Zone	Australia/Yancowinna	9:30	 AY	%sST
 # ...
 # Rule	 AY	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	 AY	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	C
 # [followed by other Rules]
 
 # Lord Howe Island
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # LHI...		[ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
 #					[ Dec 1990 ]
 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
 # hour ahead of NSW time.
 
 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27).  For your information the
 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
 # instead of only 30 minutes.  [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
 # arrangements.  The starting date for summer time on the Island will
 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
 
 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
 # Lonergan thereafter.  For times we use Lonergan.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
 # summer (southern hemisphere).
 #
 # From
 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
 #
 # We have a wrap-up here:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
 ###############################################################################
 
 # New Zealand
 
 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
 # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # # The Country of New Zealand   (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
 # #				   or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
 # #	[ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
 # #				[ Nov 1990 ]
 # ...
 # Rule	NZ      1974    1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	NZ	1989	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	NZ      1975    1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	S
 # Rule	NZ	1990	max	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	S
 # ...
 # Zone	NZ			12:00	NZ		NZ%sT	# New Zealand
 # Zone	NZ-CHAT			12:45	-		NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
 # rather than the October 1 value.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
 #
 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
 
 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
 # first Sunday in April.  The changes take effect this year, meaning
 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
 # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
 # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
 # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
 # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
 # time in the Chatham Islands.  The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
 # Zealand time.  I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
-# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
+# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 
 # Fiji
 
 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
 
 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28.  Each year the DST period will
 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time.  Go with McDow.
 
 # From the BBC World Service in
 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
 # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
 # of the new millennium.
 
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
 
 
 # Kiribati
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
 
 
 # Kwajalein
 
 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
 # 1993-08-20.  Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
 
 
 # N Mariana Is, Guam
 
 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
 # see Asia/Manila.
 
-# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
+# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time".  There is no official abbreviation,
 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
 
 
 # Micronesia
 
 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
 #
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
-# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
-# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
+# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
+# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
 
 
 # Midway
 
 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
 #  (2002-12-31):
 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
 # Saving Time.  This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
 # your time down there in New Zealand.  Starting September 2, 1956
 # we'll again go back to Standard Time.  This'll mean that we'll go to
 # air at 6am your time.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
 # started DST on June 3.  Possibly DST was observed other years
 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
 
 # Norfolk
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23):
 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100:
 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
 # other than in 1974/5.  See:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
 
 # Pitcairn
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time.  The Proclamation is as follows.
 #
 #	The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
 #	Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
 #	as Pitcairn Standard Time.
 #
 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
 # ... at midnight.
 
 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
 
 
 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
 
 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
 
-# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30
-# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11
+# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30
+# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11
 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
-# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950,
+# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950,
 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
 # day in 2011.  Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
 
 # Tonga
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
 
 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
 #
 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT.  When New Zealand adjusted its
 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
 #
 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
 #
 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
 # minutes we have lost?"
 #
 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
 # to say your prayers in the morning."
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
 
 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
 # Government.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November
 #
 # I was given this link by John Letts:
 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
 #
 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
 # (12 + 1 hour DST).
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
 # According to :
 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
 # third Saturday of April.  Under the system approved by Privy Council on
 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
 # set back an hour on the closing date."
 # Alas, no indication of the time of day.
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
 # (Original URL was )
 
 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
 
 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am.  At 2:00am on the last Sunday
 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
 # hour to 1:00am.
 
-# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
+# From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05):
 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed.  It wasn't.
 
+# From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27):
+# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017
+# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen
+# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set.
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26):
+# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00
+# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now.
 
 # Wake
 
 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
 #
 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ...  The time was all the
 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays.  Furthermore, we
 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
 # impossible.
 #
 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # The International Date Line
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
 #
 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
 # convention, or treaty.  Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
 #
 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati.  Even that line
 # has a rather arbitrary nature.  The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC.  And, since the IDL is not
 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
 # correct date is ambiguous.
 
 # From Wikipedia  (2005-08-31):
 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon).  During 1917, at the
 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
 # on the high seas.  Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
 # nation it would use that nation's standard time.  The captain was permitted
 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
 # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight.  These zones were
 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
 # independent merchant ships until World War II.
 
 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
 # (2005-03-20):
 #
 # The American Practical Navigator (2002)
 # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187
 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/backward
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/backward	(revision 309576)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/backward	(revision 309577)
@@ -1,123 +1,125 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This file provides links between current names for time zones
 # and their old names.  Many names changed in late 1993.
 
 # Link	TARGET			LINK-NAME
 Link	Africa/Nairobi		Africa/Asmera
 Link	Africa/Abidjan		Africa/Timbuktu
 Link	America/Argentina/Catamarca	America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia
 Link	America/Adak		America/Atka
 Link	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	America/Buenos_Aires
 Link	America/Argentina/Catamarca	America/Catamarca
 Link	America/Atikokan	America/Coral_Harbour
 Link	America/Argentina/Cordoba	America/Cordoba
 Link	America/Tijuana		America/Ensenada
 Link	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	America/Fort_Wayne
 Link	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	America/Indianapolis
 Link	America/Argentina/Jujuy	America/Jujuy
 Link	America/Indiana/Knox	America/Knox_IN
 Link	America/Kentucky/Louisville	America/Louisville
 Link	America/Argentina/Mendoza	America/Mendoza
 Link	America/Toronto		America/Montreal
 Link	America/Rio_Branco	America/Porto_Acre
 Link	America/Argentina/Cordoba	America/Rosario
+Link	America/Tijuana		America/Santa_Isabel
 Link	America/Denver		America/Shiprock
 Link	America/Port_of_Spain	America/Virgin
 Link	Pacific/Auckland	Antarctica/South_Pole
 Link	Asia/Ashgabat		Asia/Ashkhabad
 Link	Asia/Kolkata		Asia/Calcutta
 Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Chongqing
 Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Chungking
 Link	Asia/Dhaka		Asia/Dacca
 Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Harbin
 Link	Asia/Urumqi		Asia/Kashgar
 Link	Asia/Kathmandu		Asia/Katmandu
 Link	Asia/Macau		Asia/Macao
+Link	Asia/Yangon		Asia/Rangoon
 Link	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	Asia/Saigon
 Link	Asia/Jerusalem		Asia/Tel_Aviv
 Link	Asia/Thimphu		Asia/Thimbu
 Link	Asia/Makassar		Asia/Ujung_Pandang
 Link	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Asia/Ulan_Bator
 Link	Atlantic/Faroe		Atlantic/Faeroe
 Link	Europe/Oslo		Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
 Link	Australia/Sydney	Australia/ACT
 Link	Australia/Sydney	Australia/Canberra
 Link	Australia/Lord_Howe	Australia/LHI
 Link	Australia/Sydney	Australia/NSW
 Link	Australia/Darwin	Australia/North
 Link	Australia/Brisbane	Australia/Queensland
 Link	Australia/Adelaide	Australia/South
 Link	Australia/Hobart	Australia/Tasmania
 Link	Australia/Melbourne	Australia/Victoria
 Link	Australia/Perth		Australia/West
 Link	Australia/Broken_Hill	Australia/Yancowinna
 Link	America/Rio_Branco	Brazil/Acre
 Link	America/Noronha		Brazil/DeNoronha
 Link	America/Sao_Paulo	Brazil/East
 Link	America/Manaus		Brazil/West
 Link	America/Halifax		Canada/Atlantic
 Link	America/Winnipeg	Canada/Central
 Link	America/Regina		Canada/East-Saskatchewan
 Link	America/Toronto		Canada/Eastern
 Link	America/Edmonton	Canada/Mountain
 Link	America/St_Johns	Canada/Newfoundland
 Link	America/Vancouver	Canada/Pacific
 Link	America/Regina		Canada/Saskatchewan
 Link	America/Whitehorse	Canada/Yukon
 Link	America/Santiago	Chile/Continental
 Link	Pacific/Easter		Chile/EasterIsland
 Link	America/Havana		Cuba
 Link	Africa/Cairo		Egypt
 Link	Europe/Dublin		Eire
 Link	Europe/London		Europe/Belfast
 Link	Europe/Chisinau		Europe/Tiraspol
 Link	Europe/London		GB
 Link	Europe/London		GB-Eire
 Link	Etc/GMT			GMT+0
 Link	Etc/GMT			GMT-0
 Link	Etc/GMT			GMT0
 Link	Etc/GMT			Greenwich
 Link	Asia/Hong_Kong		Hongkong
 Link	Atlantic/Reykjavik	Iceland
 Link	Asia/Tehran		Iran
 Link	Asia/Jerusalem		Israel
 Link	America/Jamaica		Jamaica
 Link	Asia/Tokyo		Japan
 Link	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
 Link	Africa/Tripoli		Libya
 Link	America/Tijuana		Mexico/BajaNorte
 Link	America/Mazatlan	Mexico/BajaSur
 Link	America/Mexico_City	Mexico/General
 Link	Pacific/Auckland	NZ
 Link	Pacific/Chatham		NZ-CHAT
 Link	America/Denver		Navajo
 Link	Asia/Shanghai		PRC
 Link	Pacific/Pohnpei		Pacific/Ponape
 Link	Pacific/Pago_Pago	Pacific/Samoa
 Link	Pacific/Chuuk		Pacific/Truk
 Link	Pacific/Chuuk		Pacific/Yap
 Link	Europe/Warsaw		Poland
 Link	Europe/Lisbon		Portugal
 Link	Asia/Taipei		ROC
 Link	Asia/Seoul		ROK
 Link	Asia/Singapore		Singapore
 Link	Europe/Istanbul		Turkey
 Link	Etc/UCT			UCT
 Link	America/Anchorage	US/Alaska
 Link	America/Adak		US/Aleutian
 Link	America/Phoenix		US/Arizona
 Link	America/Chicago		US/Central
 Link	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	US/East-Indiana
 Link	America/New_York	US/Eastern
 Link	Pacific/Honolulu	US/Hawaii
 Link	America/Indiana/Knox	US/Indiana-Starke
 Link	America/Detroit		US/Michigan
 Link	America/Denver		US/Mountain
 Link	America/Los_Angeles	US/Pacific
 Link	Pacific/Pago_Pago	US/Samoa
 Link	Etc/UTC			UTC
 Link	Etc/UTC			Universal
 Link	Europe/Moscow		W-SU
 Link	Etc/UTC			Zulu
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/backzone
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/backzone	(nonexistent)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/backzone	(revision 309577)
@@ -0,0 +1,677 @@
+# Zones that go back beyond the scope of the tz database
+
+# This file is in the public domain.
+
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know
+# better, go ahead and edit it (and please send any changes to
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
+
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+
+# This file contains data outside the normal scope of the tz database,
+# in that its zones do not differ from normal tz zones after 1970.
+# Links in this file point to zones in this file, superseding links in
+# the file 'backward'.
+
+# Although zones in this file may be of some use for analyzing
+# pre-1970 time stamps, they are less reliable, cover only a tiny
+# sliver of the pre-1970 era, and cannot feasibly be improved to cover
+# most of the era.  Because the zones are out of normal scope for the
+# database, less effort is put into maintaining this file.  Many of
+# the zones were formerly in other source files, but were removed or
+# replaced by links as their data entries were questionable and/or they
+# differed from other zones only in pre-1970 time stamps.
+
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
+# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
+
+# This file is not intended to be compiled standalone, as it
+# assumes rules from other files.  In the tz distribution, use
+# 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone zones' to compile and install this file.
+
+# Zones are sorted by zone name.  Each zone is preceded by the
+# name of the country that the zone is in, along with any other
+# commentary and rules associated with the entry.
+#
+# As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are:
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+
+# Ethiopia
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
+# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
+# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
+# 02:00 or 14:00.  Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
+#
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
+# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
+# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05.  Perhaps 38E50
+# was for Adis Dera.  Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong
+# anyway.
+Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
+			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May  5 # Adis Dera MT
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Eritrea
+Zone	Africa/Asmara	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
+			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890        # Asmara Mean Time
+			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May  5 # Adis Dera MT
+			3:00	-	EAT
+Link Africa/Asmara Africa/Asmera
+
+# Mali (southern)
+Zone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
+			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
+			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Jun 20
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Central African Republic
+Zone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
+			1:00	-	WAT
+
+# Gambia
+Zone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
+			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935 # Banjul Mean Time
+			-1:00	-	WAT	1964
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Malawi
+Zone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
+			2:00	-	CAT
+
+# Republic of the Congo
+Zone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
+			1:00	-	WAT
+
+# Burundi
+Zone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
+			2:00	-	CAT
+
+# Guinea
+Zone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
+			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
+			-1:00	-	WAT	1960
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Senegal
+Zone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
+			-1:00	-	WAT	1941 Jun
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Tanzania
+Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
+			3:00	-	EAT	1948
+			2:45	-	BEAUT	1961
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Djibouti
+Zone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Cameroon
+# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Zone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
+			1:00	-	WAT
+# Sierra Leone
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
+# The following table is from Shanks & Pottenger, but it can't be right.
+# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on.
+# The International Hydrographic Bulletin, 1932-33, p 63 says that
+# Sierra Leone would advance its clocks by 20 minutes on 1933-10-01.
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	SLST
+Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	WAT
+Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	SLST
+Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	GMT
+Zone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
+			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
+			-1:00	SL	%s	1957
+			 0:00	SL	%s
+
+# Botswana
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
+# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
+Zone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
+			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
+			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19  2:00
+			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19  2:00
+			2:00	-	CAT
+
+# Zimbabwe
+Zone	Africa/Harare	2:04:12 -	LMT	1903 Mar
+			2:00	-	CAT
+
+# South Sudan
+Zone	Africa/Juba	2:06:24 -	LMT	1931
+			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Uganda
+Zone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
+			3:00	-	EAT	1930
+			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
+			2:45	-	BEAUT	1957
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Rwanda
+Zone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
+			2:00	-	CAT
+
+# Democratic Republic of the Congo (west)
+Zone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov  9
+			1:00	-	WAT
+
+# Gabon
+Zone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
+			1:00	-	WAT
+
+# Togo
+Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
+			0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Angola
+#
+# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
+# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
+#
+Zone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
+			0:52:04	-	AOT	1912 Jan  1 # Angola Time
+			1:00	-	WAT
+
+# Democratic Republic of the Congo (east)
+Zone Africa/Lubumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
+			2:00	-	CAT
+
+# Zambia
+Zone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
+			2:00	-	CAT
+
+# Equatorial Guinea
+#
+# Although Shanks says that Malabo switched from UT +00 to +01 on 1963-12-15,
+# a Google Books search says that London Calling, Issues 432-465 (1948), p 19,
+# says that Spanish Guinea was at +01 back then.  The Shanks data entries
+# are most likely wrong, but we have nothing better; use them here for now.
+#
+Zone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
+			0:00	-	GMT	1963 Dec 15
+			1:00	-	WAT
+
+# Lesotho
+Zone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
+			2:00	-	SAST	1943 Sep 19  2:00
+			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19  2:00
+			2:00	-	SAST
+
+# Swaziland
+Zone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
+			2:00	-	SAST
+
+# Somalia
+Zone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
+			3:00	-	EAT	1931
+			2:30	-	BEAT	1957
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Niger
+Zone	Africa/Niamey	 0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
+			-1:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
+			 0:00	-	GMT	1960
+			 1:00	-	WAT
+
+# Mauritania
+Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
+			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
+			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Nov 28
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Burkina Faso
+Zone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Benin
+# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
+# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Zone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912 Jan  1
+			0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
+			1:00	-	WAT
+
+# São Tomé and Príncipe
+Zone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
+			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Mali (northern)
+Zone	Africa/Timbuktu	-0:12:04 -	LMT	1912
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Anguilla
+Zone America/Anguilla	-4:12:16 -	LMT	1912 Mar  2
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# Antigua and Barbuda
+Zone	America/Antigua	-4:07:12 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
+			-5:00	-	EST	1951
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# Chubut, Argentina
+# The name "Comodoro Rivadavia" exceeds the 14-byte POSIX limit.
+Zone America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia -4:30:00 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
+			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
+			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
+			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
+			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
+			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
+			-3:00	-	ART
+
+# Aruba
+Zone	America/Aruba	-4:40:24 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad
+			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# Cayman Is
+Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890     # Georgetown
+			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+			-5:00	-	EST
+
+# Canada
+Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 -	LMT	1884
+			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1946
+			-5:00	-	EST
+
+# Dominica
+Zone America/Dominica	-4:05:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul  1  0:01 # Roseau
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# Baja California
+# See 'northamerica' for why this entry is here rather than there.
+Zone America/Ensenada	-7:46:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:13:32
+			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 16
+			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr
+			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
+			-8:00	-	PST	1996
+			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT
+
+# Grenada
+Zone	America/Grenada	-4:07:00 -	LMT	1911 Jul # St George's
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# Guadeloupe
+Zone America/Guadeloupe	-4:06:08 -	LMT	1911 Jun  8 # Pointe-à-Pitre
+			-4:00	 -	AST
+
+# Canada
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
+# Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto; see
+# America/Toronto.  However, earlier versions of the tz database
+# mistakenly relied on data from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec
+# differed from Ontario after 1970, and the following rules and zone
+# were created for most of Quebec from the incorrect Shanks &
+# Pottenger data.  The post-1970 entries have been corrected, but the
+# pre-1970 entries are unchecked and probably have errors.
+#
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Apr	24	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1919	only	-	Mar	31	2:30	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1919	only	-	Oct	25	2:30	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1920	only	-	May	 2	2:30	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1920	1922	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:30	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1921	only	-	May	 1	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1922	only	-	Apr	30	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1924	only	-	May	17	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1924	1926	-	Sep	lastSun	2:30	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1925	1926	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Apr	lastSat	24:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Sep	lastSat	24:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1938	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1946	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1945	1948	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1949	1950	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1951	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1957	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
+			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1918
+			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
+			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
+			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
+			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1974
+			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
+
+# Montserrat
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
+# world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now.
+Zone America/Montserrat	-4:08:52 -	LMT	1911 Jul  1  0:01 # Cork Hill
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# Argentina
+# This entry was intended for the following areas, but has been superseded by
+# more detailed zones.
+# Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC),
+# Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH)
+Zone America/Rosario	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1894 Nov
+			-4:16:44 -	CMT	1920 May
+			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Jul
+			-3:00	-	ART	1999 Oct  3  0:00
+			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3  0:00
+			-3:00	-	ART
+
+# St Kitts-Nevis
+Zone America/St_Kitts	-4:10:52 -	LMT	1912 Mar  2 # Basseterre
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# St Lucia
+Zone America/St_Lucia	-4:04:00 -	LMT	1890 # Castries
+			-4:04:00 -	CMT	1912 # Castries Mean Time
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# Virgin Is
+Zone America/St_Thomas	-4:19:44 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# St Vincent and the Grenadines
+Zone America/St_Vincent	-4:04:56 -	LMT	1890 # Kingstown
+			-4:04:56 -	KMT	1912 # Kingstown Mean Time
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# British Virgin Is
+Zone America/Tortola	-4:18:28 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Road Town
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
+Zone Antarctica/McMurdo	0	-	-00	1956
+			12:00	NZ	NZ%sT
+Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
+
+# Yemen
+# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
+# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
+Zone	Asia/Aden	2:59:54	-	LMT	1950
+			3:00	-	AST
+
+# Bahrain
+Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920     # Manamah
+			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
+			3:00	-	AST
+
+# India
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
+# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 305 says that Madras
+# civil time was 5:20:57.3.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-21):
+# In tomorrow's The Hindu, Nitya Menon reports that India had two civil time
+# zones starting in 1884, one in Bombay and one in Calcutta, and that railways
+# used a third time zone based on Madras time (80 deg. 18'30" E).  Also,
+# in 1881 Bombay briefly switched to Madras time, but switched back.  See:
+# http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madras-375-when-madras-clocked-the-time/article6339393.ece
+#Zone	  Asia/Chennai  [not enough info to complete]
+
+# China
+# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
+# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
+# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
+# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
+# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
+Zone	Asia/Chongqing	7:06:20	-	LMT	1928     # or Chungking
+			7:00	-	LONT	1980 May # Long-shu Time
+			8:00	PRC	C%sT
+Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking
+
+# Vietnam
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
+# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for this data.
+# Trần's book says the 1954-55 transition to 07:00 in Hanoi was in
+# October 1954, with exact date and time unspecified.
+Zone	Asia/Hanoi	7:03:24 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
+			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
+			7:00	-	ICT	1942 Dec 31 23:00
+			8:00	-	IDT	1945 Mar 14 23:00
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
+			7:00	-	ICT	1947 Apr  1
+			8:00	-	IDT	1954 Oct
+			7:00	-	ICT
+
+# China
+# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
+# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
+Zone	Asia/Harbin	8:26:44	-	LMT	1928     # or Haerbin
+			8:30	-	CHAT	1932 Mar # Changbai Time
+			8:00	-	CST	1940
+			9:00	-	CHAT	1966 May
+			8:30	-	CHAT	1980 May
+			8:00	PRC	C%sT
+
+# far west China
+Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928     # or Kashi or Kaxgar
+			5:30	-	KAST	1940     # Kashgar Time
+			5:00	-	KAST	1980 May
+			8:00	PRC	C%sT
+
+# Kuwait
+Zone	Asia/Kuwait	3:11:56 -	LMT	1950
+			3:00	-	AST
+
+
+# Oman
+# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.
+Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
+			4:00	-	GST
+
+# India
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
+# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# Portuguese India switched to UT +05 on 1912-01-01.
+#Zone	Asia/Panaji	[not enough info to complete]
+
+# Cambodia
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11):
+# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data.  Also, guess
+# (1) Cambodia reverted to UT +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did, and
+# (2) they also reverted to +07 on 1953-11-09, the date of independence.
+# These guesses are probably wrong but they're better than guessing no
+# transitions there.
+Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
+			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
+			7:00	-	ICT	1942 Dec 31 23:00
+			8:00	-	IDT	1945 Mar 14 23:00
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
+			7:00	-	ICT	1947 Apr  1
+			8:00	-	IDT	1953 Nov  9
+			7:00	-	ICT
+
+# Israel
+Zone	Asia/Tel_Aviv	2:19:04 -	LMT	1880
+			2:21	-	JMT	1918
+			2:00	Zion	I%sT
+
+# Laos
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11):
+# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data.
+# Trần's book says that Laos reverted to UT +07 on 1955-04-15.
+# Also, guess that Laos reverted to +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did;
+# this is probably wrong but it's better than guessing no transition.
+Zone	Asia/Vientiane	6:50:24 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
+			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
+			7:00	-	ICT	1942 Dec 31 23:00
+			8:00	-	IDT	1945 Mar 14 23:00
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
+			7:00	-	ICT	1947 Apr  1
+			8:00	-	IDT	1955 Apr 15
+			7:00	-	ICT
+
+# Jan Mayen
+# From Whitman:
+Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen	-1:00	-	EGT
+
+# St Helena
+Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890 # Jamestown
+			-0:22:48 -	JMT	1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Northern Ireland
+Zone	Europe/Belfast	-0:23:40 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
+			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21  2:00
+						# DMT = Dublin/Dunsink MT
+			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1  2:00s
+						# IST = Irish Summer Time
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
+			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
+			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
+
+# Guernsey
+# Data from Joseph S. Myers
+# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html
+# References to be added
+# LMT Location - 49.27N -2.33E - St.Peter Port
+Zone	Europe/Guernsey	-0:09:19 -	LMT	1913 Jun 18
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1940 Jul  2
+			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
+			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
+			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
+
+# Isle of Man
+#
+# From Lester Caine (2013-09-04):
+# The Isle of Man legislation is now on-line at
+# , starting with the original Statutory
+# Time Act in 1883 and including additional confirmation of some of
+# the dates of the 'Summer Time' orders originating at
+# Westminster.  There is a little uncertainty as to the starting date
+# of the first summer time in 1916 which may have be announced a
+# couple of days late.  There is still a substantial number of
+# documents to work through, but it is thought that every GB change
+# was also implemented on the island.
+#
+# AT4 of 1883 - The Statutory Time et cetera Act 1883 -
+# LMT Location - 54.1508N -4.4814E - Tynwald Hill ( Manx parliament )
+Zone Europe/Isle_of_Man	-0:17:55 -	LMT	1883 Mar 30  0:00s
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
+			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
+			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
+
+# Jersey
+# Data from Joseph S. Myers
+# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html
+# References to be added
+# LMT Location - 49.187N -2.107E - St. Helier
+Zone	Europe/Jersey	-0:08:25 -	LMT	1898 Jun 11 16:00u
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1940 Jul  2
+			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
+			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
+			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
+
+# Slovenia
+Zone Europe/Ljubljana	0:58:04	-	LMT	1884
+			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
+			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
+
+# Bosnia and Herzegovina
+Zone	Europe/Sarajevo	1:13:40	-	LMT	1884
+			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
+			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
+
+# Macedonia
+Zone	Europe/Skopje	1:25:44	-	LMT	1884
+			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
+			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
+
+# Moldova / Transnistria
+Zone	Europe/Tiraspol	1:58:32	-	LMT	1880
+			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
+			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
+			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00
+			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD
+
+# Liechtenstein
+Zone	Europe/Vaduz	0:38:04 -	LMT	1894 Jun
+			1:00	-	CET	1981
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
+
+# Croatia
+Zone	Europe/Zagreb	1:03:52	-	LMT	1884
+			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
+			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
+
+# Madagascar
+Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
+			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
+			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Comoros
+Zone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Mayotte
+Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# US minor outlying islands
+Zone Pacific/Johnston	-10:00	-	HST
+
+# US minor outlying islands
+#
+# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
+# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
+# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
+# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly
+# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
+# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast.  As it uses some time zone
+# designations that I've never seen before:....
+# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I.   H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
+#  "   3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A  "
+#
+Zone Pacific/Midway	-11:49:28 -	LMT	1901
+			-11:00	-	NST	1956 Jun  3
+			-11:00	1:00	NDT	1956 Sep  2
+			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr    # N=Nome
+			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
+			-11:00	-	SST	            # S=Samoa
+
+# N Mariana Is
+Zone Pacific/Saipan	-14:17:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
+			 9:43:00 -	LMT	1901
+			 9:00	-	MPT	1969 Oct    # N Mariana Is Time
+			10:00	-	MPT	2000 Dec 23
+			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/checklinks.awk
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/checklinks.awk	(nonexistent)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/checklinks.awk	(revision 309577)
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Check links in tz tables.
+
+# Contributed by Paul Eggert.  This file is in the public domain.
+
+BEGIN {
+    # Special marker indicating that the name is defined as a Zone.
+    # It is a newline so that it cannot match a valid name.
+    # It is not null so that its slot does not appear unset.
+    Zone = "\n"
+}
+
+/^Zone/ {
+    if (defined[$2]) {
+	if (defined[$2] == Zone) {
+	    printf "%s: Zone has duplicate definition\n", $2
+	} else {
+	    printf "%s: Link with same name as Zone\n", $2
+	}
+	status = 1
+    }
+    defined[$2] = Zone
+}
+
+/^Link/ {
+    if (defined[$3]) {
+	if (defined[$3] == Zone) {
+	    printf "%s: Link with same name as Zone\n", $3
+	} else if (defined[$3] == $2) {
+	    printf "%s: Link has duplicate definition\n", $3
+	} else {
+	    printf "%s: Link to both %s and %s\n", $3, defined[$3], $2
+	}
+	status = 1
+    }
+    used[$2] = 1
+    defined[$3] = $2
+}
+
+END {
+    for (tz in used) {
+	if (defined[tz] != Zone) {
+	    printf "%s: Link to non-zone\n", tz
+	    status = 1
+	}
+    }
+
+    exit status
+}

Property changes on: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/checklinks.awk
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:keywords
## -0,0 +1 ##
+FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/checktab.awk
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/checktab.awk	(nonexistent)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/checktab.awk	(revision 309577)
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+# Check tz tables for consistency.
+
+# Contributed by Paul Eggert.  This file is in the public domain.
+
+BEGIN {
+	FS = "\t"
+
+	if (!iso_table) iso_table = "iso3166.tab"
+	if (!zone_table) zone_table = "zone1970.tab"
+	if (!want_warnings) want_warnings = -1
+
+	while (getline >"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		}
+		cc = $1
+		name = $2
+		if (cc !~ /^[A-Z][A-Z]$/) {
+			printf "%s:%d: invalid country code '%s'\n", \
+				iso_table, iso_NR, cc >>"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		}
+		if (cc <= cc0) {
+			if (cc == cc0) {
+				s = "duplicate";
+			} else {
+				s = "out of order";
+			}
+
+			printf "%s:%d: country code '%s' is %s\n", \
+				iso_table, iso_NR, cc, s \
+				>>"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		}
+		cc0 = cc
+		if (name2cc[name]) {
+			printf "%s:%d: '%s' and '%s' have the same name\n", \
+				iso_table, iso_NR, name2cc[name], cc \
+				>>"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		}
+		name2cc[name] = cc
+		cc2name[cc] = name
+		cc2NR[cc] = iso_NR
+	}
+
+	cc0 = ""
+
+	while (getline >"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		}
+		split($1, cca, /,/)
+		cc = cca[1]
+		coordinates = $2
+		tz = $3
+		comments = $4
+		if (cc < cc0) {
+			printf "%s:%d: country code '%s' is out of order\n", \
+				zone_table, zone_NR, cc >>"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		}
+		cc0 = cc
+		tztab[tz] = 1
+		tz2comments[tz] = comments
+		tz2NR[tz] = zone_NR
+		for (i in cca) {
+		    cc = cca[i]
+		    cctz = cc tz
+		    cctztab[cctz] = 1
+		    if (cc2name[cc]) {
+			cc_used[cc]++
+		    } else {
+			printf "%s:%d: %s: unknown country code\n", \
+				zone_table, zone_NR, cc >>"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		    }
+		}
+		if (coordinates !~ /^[-+][0-9][0-9][0-5][0-9][-+][01][0-9][0-9][0-5][0-9]$/ \
+		    && coordinates !~ /^[-+][0-9][0-9][0-5][0-9][0-5][0-9][-+][01][0-9][0-9][0-5][0-9][0-5][0-9]$/) {
+			printf "%s:%d: %s: invalid coordinates\n", \
+				zone_table, zone_NR, coordinates >>"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (cctz in cctztab) {
+		cc = substr (cctz, 1, 2)
+		tz = substr (cctz, 3)
+		if (1 < cc_used[cc]) {
+			comments_needed[tz] = cc
+		}
+	}
+	for (cctz in cctztab) {
+	  cc = substr (cctz, 1, 2)
+	  tz = substr (cctz, 3)
+	  if (!comments_needed[tz] && tz2comments[tz]) {
+	    printf "%s:%d: unnecessary comment '%s'\n", \
+		zone_table, tz2NR[tz], tz2comments[tz] \
+		>>"/dev/stderr"
+	    tz2comments[tz] = 0
+	    status = 1
+	  } else if (comments_needed[tz] && !tz2comments[tz]) {
+	    printf "%s:%d: missing comment for %s\n", \
+	      zone_table, tz2NR[tz], comments_needed[tz] \
+	      >>"/dev/stderr"
+	    tz2comments[tz] = 1
+	    status = 1
+	  }
+	}
+	FS = " "
+}
+
+$1 ~ /^#/ { next }
+
+{
+	tz = rules = ""
+	if ($1 == "Zone") {
+		tz = $2
+		ruleUsed[$4] = 1
+	} else if ($1 == "Link" && zone_table == "zone.tab") {
+		# Ignore Link commands if source and destination basenames
+		# are identical, e.g. Europe/Istanbul versus Asia/Istanbul.
+		src = $2
+		dst = $3
+		while ((i = index(src, "/"))) src = substr(src, i+1)
+		while ((i = index(dst, "/"))) dst = substr(dst, i+1)
+		if (src != dst) tz = $3
+	} else if ($1 == "Rule") {
+		ruleDefined[$2] = 1
+	} else {
+		ruleUsed[$2] = 1
+	}
+	if (tz && tz ~ /\//) {
+		if (!tztab[tz]) {
+			printf "%s: no data for '%s'\n", zone_table, tz \
+				>>"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		}
+		zoneSeen[tz] = 1
+	}
+}
+
+END {
+	for (tz in ruleDefined) {
+		if (!ruleUsed[tz]) {
+			printf "%s: Rule never used\n", tz
+			status = 1
+		}
+	}
+	for (tz in tztab) {
+		if (!zoneSeen[tz]) {
+			printf "%s:%d: no Zone table for '%s'\n", \
+				zone_table, tz2NR[tz], tz >>"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		}
+	}
+	if (0 < want_warnings) {
+		for (cc in cc2name) {
+			if (!cc_used[cc]) {
+				printf "%s:%d: warning: " \
+					"no Zone entries for %s (%s)\n", \
+					iso_table, cc2NR[cc], cc, cc2name[cc]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	exit status
+}

Property changes on: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/checktab.awk
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:keywords
## -0,0 +1 ##
+FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/etcetera
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/etcetera	(revision 309576)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/etcetera	(revision 309577)
@@ -1,80 +1,78 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # These entries are mostly present for historical reasons, so that
 # people in areas not otherwise covered by the tz files could "zic -l"
 # to a time zone that was right for their area.  These days, the
 # tz files cover almost all the inhabited world, and the only practical
 # need now for the entries that are not on UTC are for ships at sea
 # that cannot use POSIX TZ settings.
 
+# Starting with POSIX 1003.1-2001, the entries below are all
+# unnecessary as settings for the TZ environment variable.  E.g.,
+# instead of TZ='Etc/GMT+4' one can use the POSIX setting TZ='<-04>+4'.
+#
+# Do not use a POSIX TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours
+# behind GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT".
+
 Zone	Etc/GMT		0	-	GMT
 Zone	Etc/UTC		0	-	UTC
 Zone	Etc/UCT		0	-	UCT
 
 # The following link uses older naming conventions,
 # but it belongs here, not in the file 'backward',
 # as functions like gmtime load the "UTC" file to handle leap seconds properly.
 # We want this to work even on installations that omit the other older names.
 Link	Etc/UTC				UTC
 
 Link	Etc/UTC				Etc/Universal
 Link	Etc/UTC				Etc/Zulu
 
 Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/Greenwich
 Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/GMT-0
 Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/GMT+0
 Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/GMT0
 
-# We use POSIX-style signs in the Zone names and the output abbreviations,
+# Be consistent with POSIX TZ settings in the Zone names,
 # even though this is the opposite of what many people expect.
 # POSIX has positive signs west of Greenwich, but many people expect
 # positive signs east of Greenwich.  For example, TZ='Etc/GMT+4' uses
-# the abbreviation "GMT+4" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UT
+# the abbreviation "-04" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UT
 # (i.e. west of Greenwich) even though many people would expect it to
 # mean 4 hours ahead of UT (i.e. east of Greenwich).
-#
-# In the draft 5 of POSIX 1003.1-200x, the angle bracket notation allows for
-# TZ='+4'; if you want time zone abbreviations conforming to
-# ISO 8601 you can use TZ='<-0400>+4'.  Thus the commonly-expected
-# offset is kept within the angle bracket (and is used for display)
-# while the POSIX sign is kept outside the angle bracket (and is used
-# for calculation).
-#
-# Do not use a TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours behind
-# GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT".
 
 # Earlier incarnations of this package were not POSIX-compliant,
 # and had lines such as
 #		Zone	GMT-12		-12	-	GMT-1200
 # We did not want things to change quietly if someone accustomed to the old
 # way does a
 #		zic -l GMT-12
 # so we moved the names into the Etc subdirectory.
+# Also, the time zone abbreviations are now compatible with %z.
 
-Zone	Etc/GMT-14	14	-	GMT-14	# 14 hours ahead of GMT
-Zone	Etc/GMT-13	13	-	GMT-13
-Zone	Etc/GMT-12	12	-	GMT-12
-Zone	Etc/GMT-11	11	-	GMT-11
-Zone	Etc/GMT-10	10	-	GMT-10
-Zone	Etc/GMT-9	9	-	GMT-9
-Zone	Etc/GMT-8	8	-	GMT-8
-Zone	Etc/GMT-7	7	-	GMT-7
-Zone	Etc/GMT-6	6	-	GMT-6
-Zone	Etc/GMT-5	5	-	GMT-5
-Zone	Etc/GMT-4	4	-	GMT-4
-Zone	Etc/GMT-3	3	-	GMT-3
-Zone	Etc/GMT-2	2	-	GMT-2
-Zone	Etc/GMT-1	1	-	GMT-1
-Zone	Etc/GMT+1	-1	-	GMT+1
-Zone	Etc/GMT+2	-2	-	GMT+2
-Zone	Etc/GMT+3	-3	-	GMT+3
-Zone	Etc/GMT+4	-4	-	GMT+4
-Zone	Etc/GMT+5	-5	-	GMT+5
-Zone	Etc/GMT+6	-6	-	GMT+6
-Zone	Etc/GMT+7	-7	-	GMT+7
-Zone	Etc/GMT+8	-8	-	GMT+8
-Zone	Etc/GMT+9	-9	-	GMT+9
-Zone	Etc/GMT+10	-10	-	GMT+10
-Zone	Etc/GMT+11	-11	-	GMT+11
-Zone	Etc/GMT+12	-12	-	GMT+12
+Zone	Etc/GMT-14	14	-	+14
+Zone	Etc/GMT-13	13	-	+13
+Zone	Etc/GMT-12	12	-	+12
+Zone	Etc/GMT-11	11	-	+11
+Zone	Etc/GMT-10	10	-	+10
+Zone	Etc/GMT-9	9	-	+09
+Zone	Etc/GMT-8	8	-	+08
+Zone	Etc/GMT-7	7	-	+07
+Zone	Etc/GMT-6	6	-	+06
+Zone	Etc/GMT-5	5	-	+05
+Zone	Etc/GMT-4	4	-	+04
+Zone	Etc/GMT-3	3	-	+03
+Zone	Etc/GMT-2	2	-	+02
+Zone	Etc/GMT-1	1	-	+01
+Zone	Etc/GMT+1	-1	-	-01
+Zone	Etc/GMT+2	-2	-	-02
+Zone	Etc/GMT+3	-3	-	-03
+Zone	Etc/GMT+4	-4	-	-04
+Zone	Etc/GMT+5	-5	-	-05
+Zone	Etc/GMT+6	-6	-	-06
+Zone	Etc/GMT+7	-7	-	-07
+Zone	Etc/GMT+8	-8	-	-08
+Zone	Etc/GMT+9	-9	-	-09
+Zone	Etc/GMT+10	-10	-	-10
+Zone	Etc/GMT+11	-11	-	-11
+Zone	Etc/GMT+12	-12	-	-12
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/europe
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/europe	(revision 309576)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/europe	(revision 309577)
@@ -1,3417 +1,3775 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
 #
 # Other sources occasionally used include:
 #
 #	Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 #	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
 #	which I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 #	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
 #	
 #	[PDF] (1914-03)
 #
 #	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
 #	.  He writes:
 #	"It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
 #	may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
 #	Savile Row, London."  Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
 #
 #	Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
 #	This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
 #	http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
 #	The full Russian citation is:
 #	Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
 #	введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
 #	июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
 #	Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
 #	http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
 #
 #	Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
 #	History of Summer Time
 #	
 #	(1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
 
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #                   std dst  2dst
 #                   LMT           Local Mean Time
 #       -4:00       AST ADT       Atlantic
 #       -3:00       WGT WGST      Western Greenland*
 #       -1:00       EGT EGST      Eastern Greenland*
 #        0:00       GMT BST  BDST Greenwich, British Summer
 #        0:00       GMT IST       Greenwich, Irish Summer
 #        0:00       WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
 #        0:19:32.13 AMT NST       Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
 #        0:20       NET NEST      Netherlands (1937-1940)*
 #        1:00       BST           British Standard (1968-1971)
 #        1:00       CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
 #        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*
 #        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe
-#        3:00       FET           Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)*
-#        3:00       MSK MSD  MSM* Minsk, Moscow
+#        3:00       MSK MSD       Moscow
 
 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
 # ...
 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
 # ...
 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
 # in the Directive.
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
 
 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
 #
 # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
 # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
 # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
 # of the text said:
 #
 # 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
 # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
 # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
 # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
 # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
 # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
 # along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
 #
 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
 # position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should
 # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
 #
 # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
 #
 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
 # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
 # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
 # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
 # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
 # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
 # (though not all) railways used London time.  On 1847-09-22 the
 # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
 # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
 # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
 # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
 # railways as using GMT.  By 1855 the vast majority of public
 # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
 # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
 # one for local time and one for GMT).  The last major holdout was the legal
 # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
 # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
 # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
 # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
 #
 # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
 # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01.  We don't know as much
 # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):
 # The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time
 # informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
 # Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
 # New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
 # whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
 # after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
 # In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
 # that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift.  See:
 # Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg.
 # Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734
 # http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
 # Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal
 # did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.
 #
 # In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
 # who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
 # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
 # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
 # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
 # subscription and open to the public.  On the south face of the monolith,
 # designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
 # which is permanently set to Summer Time.
 
 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
 # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
 # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
 # foundations of civilization throughout the world.
 #	-- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
 #	republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
 #	http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
 # The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see:
 # Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press
 # ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
 
 # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
 # From: Jonathan Leffler
 # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
 # politics making a fortune, not computing.
 
 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
 # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
 # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time.  Look for the published
 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
 
 # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
 # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
 # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
 # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
 
 # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
 # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
 # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
 
 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
 # which is to be introduced in May....
 # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
 # which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
 # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
 # so we use 'BDST'.
 
 # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
 # and extending this list, which can be found in
 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
 
 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
 #
 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech
 # http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 #
 # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
 #
 # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
 # are incorrect:
 #     * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
 #	1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
 #     * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
 # It actually just had one transition.
 #     * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
 # Actually, it conformed to Britain.
 #     * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
 #
 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
 #     * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
 #	to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
 #	conform with Great Britain.
 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
 #
 # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
 # we'll ignore it for now.
 #     * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
 #
 #
 # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
 # Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
 # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
 # to London.  For example:
 #
 #   "Timeball on the ballast office is down.  Dunsink time."
 #   -- James Joyce, Ulysses
 
 # "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
 # was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
 # would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'.  She claimed
 # Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
 # -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
 # Irish Times 2014-10-27.
 # http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
 
 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
 # Irish laws are available online at .
 # These include various relating to legal time, for example:
 #
 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
 #
 # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
 # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
 #
 # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
 # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
 # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
 #
 # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
 # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
 # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
 #
 # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
 # .]
 #
 # (These are those I found, but there could be more.  In any case these
 # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
 # the laws applicable in Ireland.)
 #
 # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
 # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
 # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
 # being GMT+1.)
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
 # Clive Feather (, 1997-03-31)
 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
 # Julian Hill (, 1998-09-30) reports that
 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
 # and Frethun run in CT.
 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
 
 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC.
 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Summer Time Act, 1916
 Rule	GB-Eire	1916	only	-	May	21	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
 Rule	GB-Eire	1917	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
 Rule	GB-Eire	1918	only	-	Mar	24	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1918	only	-	Sep	30	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
 Rule	GB-Eire	1919	only	-	Mar	30	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1919	only	-	Sep	29	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
 Rule	GB-Eire	1920	only	-	Mar	28	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
 Rule	GB-Eire	1920	only	-	Oct	25	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
 Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
 Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Mar	26	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	2:00s	0	GMT
 # The Summer Time Act, 1922
 Rule	GB-Eire	1923	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1923	1924	-	Sep	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT
 Rule	GB-Eire	1924	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1925	1926	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # The Summer Time Act, 1925
 Rule	GB-Eire	1925	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
 Rule	GB-Eire	1927	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1928	1929	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1930	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1931	1932	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1933	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1934	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1935	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1936	1937	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1938	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
 Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Nov	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
 Rule	GB-Eire	1940	only	-	Feb	Sun>=23	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
 Rule	GB-Eire	1941	only	-	May	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1941	1943	-	Aug	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST
 # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
 Rule	GB-Eire	1942	1944	-	Apr	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
 # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
 Rule	GB-Eire	1944	only	-	Sep	Sun>=16	1:00s	1:00	BST
 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
 Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Apr	Mon>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Jul	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST
 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
 Rule	GB-Eire	1945	1946	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
 Rule	GB-Eire	1946	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # The Summer Time Act, 1947
 Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Mar	16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Apr	13	1:00s	2:00	BDST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Aug	10	1:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Nov	 2	2:00s	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1948	only	-	Oct	31	2:00s	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1949	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1949	only	-	Oct	30	2:00s	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
 # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
 # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1952	-	Apr	Sun>=14	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1952	-	Oct	Sun>=21	2:00s	0	GMT
 # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
 Rule	GB-Eire	1953	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1953	1960	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
 Rule	GB-Eire	1954	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1955	1956	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1957	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1958	1959	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1960	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
 # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
 # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1963	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
 # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
 # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
 # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1964	1967	-	Mar	Sun>=19	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1968	only	-	Feb	18	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # The British Standard Time Act, 1968
 #	(no summer time)
 # The Summer Time Act, 1972
 Rule	GB-Eire	1972	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1972	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
 # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
 # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
 # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1981	1995	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire 1981	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00u	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
 Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00u	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
 # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
 #
 # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1  0:00s
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
 			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
 			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
 Link	Europe/London	Europe/Jersey
 Link	Europe/London	Europe/Guernsey
 Link	Europe/London	Europe/Isle_of_Man
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:00 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
 			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21  2:00
 			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1  2:00s
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1921 Dec  6 # independence
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1940 Feb 25  2:00
 			 0:00	1:00	IST	1946 Oct  6  2:00
 			 0:00	-	GMT	1947 Mar 16  2:00
 			 0:00	1:00	IST	1947 Nov  2  2:00
 			 0:00	-	GMT	1948 Apr 18  2:00
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1968 Oct 27
 			 1:00	-	IST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1996
 			 0:00	EU	GMT/IST
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Europe
 
 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
 # Common Market, etc.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	EU	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	EU	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule	EU	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule	EU	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule	EU	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	EU	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002.  See:
 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
 # http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
 
 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
 Rule	W-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	W-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	W-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	W-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	W-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	W-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
 
 # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
 # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
 Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1940	only	-	Apr	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Oct	 2	 2:00s	0	-
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
 #
 # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
 # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
 # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
 # tz database itself, as seen below:
 #
 # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15  0:01
 #    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16  3:00
 #
 # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
 #    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16  3:00
 #
 # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
 #    1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16  2:00s
 #
 # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16  3:00 0 -
 # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -
 # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
 #
 # The rule line to be changed is:
 #
 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00 0 -
 #
 # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
 # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time.  However there are no
 # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
 # affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms
 # CET and MET:
 #
 # Zone CET  1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
 # Zone MET  1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
 #
 # It this is right then the corrected version would look like:
 #
 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -
 #
 # A small step for mankind though 8-)
 Rule	C-Eur	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 
 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
 Rule	E-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	E-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	E-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	E-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	E-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 
+
+# Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union
+#
+# The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23).
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST  # Moscow Summer Time
+#
+# Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137
 Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT  # Moscow Mean Time
+#
+# Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001
 Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
 Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	1:00	MST
+#
+# Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949
 Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	MDST
-Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	MSD
+#
+Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 0:00u	1:00	MSD
 Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	MSK
+#
+# Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	MSD
-Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	MSM  # Midsummer
+#
+# Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949
+Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	+05
+#
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	MSD
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
 Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Russia	1981	1983	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
 # Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
-Rule	Russia	1984	1991	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Russia	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Russia	1984	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	Russia	1985	2010	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 #
-Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	 23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	 23:00	0	-
-Rule	Russia	1993	2010	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Russia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Russia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 # As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
 
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
+# Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of
+# Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the
+# Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227.
+#
+# I did not find full texts of these acts.  For the 1989 one we have
+# title at http://base.garant.ru/70754136/ :
+# "About change in calculation of time on the territories of
+# Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan,
+# Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts".
+# And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to
+# contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules
+# of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov
+# oblasts.  Since last Sunday of March 1989:
+# a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast:
+# second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1);
+# b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt
+# rules (Moscow time)
+# c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1).
+
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
+# Unamended version of the act of the
+# Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992
+# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0
+# says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday
+# of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September
+# at 3 hours.  It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October.
+
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
 #
 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
 #
 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
 # to be standard.
 
 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	WET		0:00	EU	WE%sT
 Zone	CET		1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT
 Zone	MET		1:00	C-Eur	ME%sT
 Zone	EET		2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
 # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
 
 # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
 # The official German names ... are
 #
 #	Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ)         = UTC+01:00
 #	Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ)  = UTC+02:00
 #
 # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
 #
 #	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
 #	Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
 #	Postfach 3345
 #	D-38023 Braunschweig
 #	phone: +49 531 592-0
 #
 # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
 # department for time and frequency transmission.  He explained that the
 # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
 #
 #	Central European Time (CET)         = UTC+01:00
 #	Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
 
 
 # Albania
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Albania	1940	only	-	Jun	16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Apr	10	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	May	 8	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Apr	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1984	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Tirane	1:19:20 -	LMT	1914
 			1:00	-	CET	1940 Jun 16
 			1:00	Albania	CE%sT	1984 Jul
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Andorra
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Andorra	0:06:04 -	LMT	1901
 			0:00	-	WET	1946 Sep 30
 			1:00	-	CET	1985 Mar 31  2:00
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Austria
 
 # Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
 # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
 # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
 # date of 1945-04-12 with no time.  For the 1980-04-06 transition
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV,
 # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Sep	13	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Austria	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1946	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Austria	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:21 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1920
 			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1  2:00s
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00s
 			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Apr 12  2:00s
 			1:00	-	CET	1946
 			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Belarus
+#
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02):
+# http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm
+# (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from
+# 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00
+# on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September
+# (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations).
+#
 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
 # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
 #
 # Sources (Russian language):
 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
 # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
 #
 # From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
 # Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
 # http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-08):
-# Hence Belarus can share time zone abbreviations with Moscow again.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
 			1:50	-	MMT	1924 May  2 # Minsk Mean Time
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 28
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul  3
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
 			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
-			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29  0:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27  0:00s
 			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			3:00	-	FET	2014 Oct 26  1:00s
-			3:00	-	MSK
+			3:00	-	+03
 
 # Belgium
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
 #	Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
 #	Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
 #	(Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
 #	pp 8-9.
 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
 #	Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Belgium	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1918	1919	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Oct	25	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1922	1927	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
 # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
 # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
 # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
 # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
 Rule	Belgium	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1928	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1929	only	-	Apr	21	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1930	only	-	Apr	13	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1931	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1932	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1933	only	-	Mar	26	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1934	only	-	Apr	 8	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1935	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1936	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1937	only	-	Apr	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1938	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Apr	16	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1944	only	-	Sep	17	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	May	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	 2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880
 			0:17:30	-	BMT	1892 May  1 12:00  # Brussels MT
 			0:00	-	WET	1914 Nov  8
 			1:00	-	CET	1916 May  1  0:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Nov 11 11:00u
 			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 20  2:00s
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep  3
 			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Bosnia and Herzegovina
 # See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Bulgaria
 #
 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says:
 # EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
 # EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Mar	31	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Bulg	1980	only	-	Sep	29	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Bulg	1981	only	-	Sep	27	 2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Sofia	1:33:16 -	LMT	1880
 			1:56:56	-	IMT	1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
 			2:00	-	EET	1942 Nov  2  3:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			1:00	-	CET	1945 Apr  2  3:00
 			2:00	-	EET	1979 Mar 31 23:00
 			2:00	Bulg	EE%sT	1982 Sep 26  3:00
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Croatia
 # See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Cyprus
 # Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
 
 # Czech Republic
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Czech	1946	only	-	May	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Czech	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Czech	1947	only	-	Apr	20	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Czech	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Czech	1949	only	-	Apr	 9	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Prague	0:57:44 -	LMT	1850
 			0:57:44	-	PMT	1891 Oct    # Prague Mean Time
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 17  2:00s
 			1:00	Czech	CE%sT	1979
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
 
 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
 # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
 # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
 #
 # The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
 #
 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
 # in subsequent decrees with the law
 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
 #
 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980.  I have
 # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
 # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
 # 1980-09-28 at 02:00.  If this is true, this differs slightly from
 # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00.  We don't know
 # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
 # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
 # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
 # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
 # was suspended on that night):
 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
 # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
 # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
 # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	Sep	30	23:00	0	-
 Rule	Denmark	1940	only	-	May	15	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Aug	15	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	May	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	Sep	 1	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	May	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	May	 9	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	Aug	 8	 2:00s	0	-
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Copenhagen	 0:50:20 -	LMT	1890
 			 0:50:20 -	CMT	1894 Jan  1 # Copenhagen MT
 			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2  2:00s
 			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
 			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1980
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
 			 0:00	-	WET	1981
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
 # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
 # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
 # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01.  It therefore should have been using EU
 # rules at least through 1984.  Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
 # rules since at least 1991.  Assume EU rules since 1980.
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
 #  (2001-03-15),
 # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
 #
 # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
 # is according to the following time line:
 #
 # The military zone near Thule	UTC-4
 # Standard Greenland time	UTC-3
 # Scoresbysund			UTC-1
 # Danmarkshavn			UTC
 #
 # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
 # introduced.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
 #
 # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
 # the time to clarify the situation in Thule.  Unfortunately, I have
 # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter.  [But I have
 # info from earlier correspondence.]
 #
 # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
 # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
 # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
 #
 # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
 # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
 # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
 # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
 # email.  The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
 # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
 # DPC research station at Zackenberg.
 #
 # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
 # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb).
 #
 # The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it
 # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
 #
 # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
 # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
 # maintaining traffic in these areas.  However, the official status of
 # this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time.  This area might be
 # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
 # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
 # there at 2:00 AM.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
 # the 1995 map as like Godthåb.
 # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996.
 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
+
+# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
+# "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named
+# "National Park" by Executive Order:
+# http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf
+# It is their only National Park.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
 			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6  2:00
 			-3:00	EU	WG%sT	1996
 			0:00	-	GMT
 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
 			-2:00	-	CGT	1980 Apr  6  2:00
 			-2:00	C-Eur	CG%sT	1981 Mar 29
 			-1:00	EU	EG%sT
 Zone America/Godthab	-3:26:56 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
 			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6  2:00
 			-3:00	EU	WG%sT
 Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
 			-4:00	Thule	A%sT
 
 # Estonia
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
+#
 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
 #
 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
 # "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
 # human physiology.  It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
 # summer time next spring."
 
 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
 # http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
 #
 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
 
 # From The Baltic Times  (1999-09-09)
 # via Steffen Thorsen:
 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
 # Union are still unclear.  In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
 # for all member states until 2001.  Brussels has yet to decide what to do
 # after that.
 
 # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
 # Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
 # No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
 # the year round.  The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
 
 # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
 # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
 # Now we are using again EU rules.
 #
 # From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
 			1:39:00	-	TMT	1918 Feb    # Tallinn Mean Time
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1919 Jul
 			1:39:00	-	TMT	1921 May
 			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  6
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 15
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 22
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep 24  2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998 Sep 22
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	1999 Oct 31  4:00
 			2:00	-	EET	2002 Feb 21
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Finland
 
 # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
 # and it's supposed to change at 4am...
 
 # From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
 #
 # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
 # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
 # earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
 # according to the central European standards.
 #
 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
 # Finnish) at
 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
 #
 # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
 # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
 #
 # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
 # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
 #
 # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
 # exist tonight."
 
 # From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):
 # [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
 # pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
 # say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
 # 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
 # mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
 # On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
 # Go with Oja over Shanks.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	2	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Oct	4	1:00	0	-
 Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
 
 # Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
 # round to nearest.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Helsinki	1:39:49 -	LMT	1878 May 31
 			1:39:49	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
 			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1983
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Åland Is
 Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn
 
 
 # France
 
 # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
 #
 # Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions
 # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
 #
 # Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel,
 # Paris, 1991
 #
 # Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie,
 # Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987
 
 
 #
 # Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	France	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1921	only	-	Oct	25	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
 # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
 # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
 # were Apr 12 and Oct 5.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	France	1922	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1923	only	-	May	26	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1930	only	-	Apr	12	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1933	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
 # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
 # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez,
 # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La
 # Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
 # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
 # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois,
 # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
 Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
 # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
 # who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
 Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	2:00	M
 Rule	France	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	2:00	M
 Rule	France	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00	2:00	M
 Rule	France	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	2:00	M
 Rule	France	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 3:00	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
 # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
 Rule	France	1976	only	-	Mar	28	 1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1976	only	-	Sep	26	 1:00	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
 # Go with Howse.  Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
 			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01 # Paris MT
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
 			0:00	France	WE%sT	1940 Jun 14 23:00
 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 25
 			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16  3:00
 			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Germany
 
 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
 
 # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
 # http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
-# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
+# this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04.
 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Germany	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
 # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Go with the PTB.
 Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	3:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	May	11	2:00s	2:00	M
 Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Jun	29	3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Germany	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Germany	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S
 
 Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
 Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S
 Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Berlin	0:53:28 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May 24  2:00
 			1:00 SovietZone	CE%sT	1946
 			1:00	Germany	CE%sT	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
 # Büsingen , surrounded by the Swiss canton
 # Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
 # (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
 # DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
 # which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
 #
 # Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
 # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
 # Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
 
 Link	Europe/Zurich	Europe/Busingen
 
 # Georgia
 # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
 # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
 # is in Europe.  Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
 
 # Gibraltar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2  0:00s
 			0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1957 Apr 14  2:00
 			1:00	-	CET	1982
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Greece
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Greece	1941	only	-	Apr	 7	0:00	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Greece	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Apr	12	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Nov	26	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Apr	11	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Oct	10	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1977	only	-	Sep	26	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1978	only	-	Sep	24	4:00	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Apr	 1	9:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Sep	29	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Athens	1:34:52 -	LMT	1895 Sep 14
 			1:34:52	-	AMT	1916 Jul 28  0:01 # Athens MT
 			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1941 Apr 30
 			1:00	Greece	CE%sT	1944 Apr  4
 			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1981
 			# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
 			# go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Hungary
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
 # Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
 # Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945.
 # National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29).
 # http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html
 # This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks
 # & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates).
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Apr	 1	 3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Apr	15	 3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Nov	24	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	May	 1	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1946	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=4	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Oct	23	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	May	23	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	 1:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Budapest	1:16:20 -	LMT	1890 Oct
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918
 			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1941 Apr  8
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1980 Sep 28  2:00s
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Iceland
 #
 # From Adam David (1993-11-06):
 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
 #
 # (1993-12-05):
 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
 # Iceland Almanak.
 #
 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
 #
 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland.  The first day of winter is always
 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
 #
 # (1993-12-10):
 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
 #	the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
 #	(old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
 # might mean something else (???).
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22):
 # The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see
 # http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Iceland	1917	1919	-	Feb	19	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Iceland	1917	only	-	Oct	21	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1918	1919	-	Nov	16	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1921	only	-	Mar	19	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Iceland	1921	only	-	Jun	23	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Apr	29	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Oct	29	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Iceland	1940	1941	-	Nov	Sun>=2	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1941	1942	-	Mar	Sun>=2	 1:00s	1:00	S
 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
 Rule	Iceland	1943	1946	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Iceland	1942	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
 Rule	Iceland	1947	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
 # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
 Rule	Iceland	1949	only	-	Oct	30	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1950	1966	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1967	only	-	Oct	29	 1:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:28	-	LMT	1908
 			-1:00	Iceland	IS%sT	1968 Apr  7  1:00s
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Italy
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
 # so record only the time in Rome.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
-# F. Pollastri
-# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
-# http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html
-# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
-# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
+# From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24):
+# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10
+# ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into
+# force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in
+# the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...."
 #
-# year	FP	Shanks&P. (S)	Whitman (W)	Go with:
-# 1916	06-03	06-03 24:00	06-03 00:00	FP & W
-#	09-30	09-30 24:00	09-30 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1917	04-01	03-31 24:00	03-31 00:00	FP & S
-#	09-30	09-29 24:00	09-30 01:00	FP & W
-# 1918	03-09	03-09 24:00	03-09 00:00	FP & S
-#	10-06	10-05 24:00	10-06 01:00	FP & W
-# 1919	03-01	03-01 24:00	03-01 00:00	FP & S
-#	10-04	10-04 24:00	10-04 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1920	03-20	03-20 24:00	03-20 00:00	FP & S
-#	09-18	09-18 24:00	10-01 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1944	04-02	04-03 02:00			S (see C-Eur)
-#	09-16	10-02 03:00			FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1945	09-14	09-16 24:00			FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1970	05-21	05-31 00:00			S
-#	09-20	09-27 00:00			S
+# From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20):
+# The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological
+# institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at
+# http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml
+# (2016-10-24):
+# http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/
+# has still different data for 1944.  It divides Italy in two, as
+# there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic
+# Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south
+# of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies.
 #
+# From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23):
+# Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219.
+# Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ...
+# Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is
+# advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ...
+# Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27):
+# Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944
+# for the Kingdom of Italy.  This is consistent with Renzo Baldini.
+# Model Rome's occupation by using using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
+# to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it
+# was effectively controlled by Germany.
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Mar	10	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1918	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Mar	 2	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Mar	21	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Sep	19	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1940	only	-	Jun	15	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1944	only	-	Sep	17	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Sep	15	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Mar	17	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Mar	16	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Feb	29	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1966	1968	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1966	1969	-	Sep	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1969	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	May	31	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1971	1972	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1971	only	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1972	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1973	1974	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1974	only	-	May	26	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1975	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1975	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1976	only	-	May	30	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1977	1979	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Jun	 3	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1916	1917	-	Sep	30	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Mar	31	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Oct	 6	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Oct	 4	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Sep	18	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1940	only	-	Jun	14	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1944	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1944	only	-	Sep	17	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Sep	15	 1:00	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Mar	17	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Oct	 6	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Mar	16	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Oct	 5	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Feb	29	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Oct	 3	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1966	1968	-	May	Sun>=22	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1966	only	-	Sep	24	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1967	1969	-	Sep	Sun>=22	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1969	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	May	31	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1971	1972	-	May	Sun>=22	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1971	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1972	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1973	1974	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1974	only	-	May	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1975	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1975	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1976	only	-	May	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1977	1979	-	May	Sun>=22	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1979	only	-	Sep	30	 0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Rome	0:49:56 -	LMT	1866 Sep 22
-			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov  1  0:00s # Rome Mean
-			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2  2:00s
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul
+			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean
+			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1943 Sep 10
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jun  4
 			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/Vatican
 Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/San_Marino
 
 # Latvia
 
 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
 
 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
 #
 # Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
 # according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
 #
 # Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
 # according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
 # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
 #
 # Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
 # according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
 # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
 # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
 # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward.  The end of
 # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
 # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
 #
 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
 # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
 
 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
 # 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) ,
 # in Latvian for subscribers only).
 
 # From RFE/RL Newsline
 # http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html
 # (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
 # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
 # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
 # clocks one hour in the spring....
 # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few
 # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
 # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
 # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
 # appears that they will not do so....
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 
 # Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34.
 # Go with Byalokoz.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Riga	1:36:34	-	LMT	1880
 			1:36:34	-	RMT	1918 Apr 15  2:00 # Riga MT
 			1:36:34	1:00	LST	1918 Sep 16  3:00 # Latvian ST
 			1:36:34	-	RMT	1919 Apr  1  2:00
 			1:36:34	1:00	LST	1919 May 22  3:00
 			1:36:34	-	RMT	1926 May 11
 			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  5
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jul
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct 13
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar lastSun  2:00s
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep lastSun  2:00s
 			2:00	Latvia	EE%sT	1997 Jan 21
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2000 Feb 29
 			2:00	-	EET	2001 Jan  2
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Liechtenstein
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
 
 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18):
 # http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf
 # ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942.
 # I ... translate only the last two paragraphs:
 #    ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein
 #    introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland.  From 1943 on
 #    central European time was in force throughout the year.
 #    From a report of the duke's government to the high council,
 #    regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977.
 
 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
 
 
 # Lithuania
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
+
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
 
 # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
 
 # From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) ,
 # via Steffen Thorsen:
 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
 # to be valid here starting from October 31,
 # as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
 # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
 # already done by Estonia.
 
 # From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
 #  (2000-03-27):
 # Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
 
 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
 # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
 # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
 # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
 # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
 # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
 # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
 
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Vilnius	1:41:16	-	LMT	1880
 			1:24:00	-	WMT	1917        # Warsaw Mean Time
 			1:35:36	-	KMT	1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
 			1:00	-	CET	1920 Jul 12
 			2:00	-	EET	1920 Oct  9
 			1:00	-	CET	1940 Aug  3
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 24
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998
 			2:00	-	EET	1998 Mar 29  1:00u
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT	1999 Oct 31  1:00u
 			2:00	-	EET	2003 Jan  1
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Luxembourg
 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Apr	28	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Sep	17	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Oct	 5	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Oct	24	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Oct	26	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1924	1928	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1925	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Luxembourg	0:24:36 -	LMT	1904 Jun
 			1:00	Lux	CE%sT	1918 Nov 25
 			0:00	Lux	WE%sT	1929 Oct  6  2:00s
 			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 14  3:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	WE%sT	1944 Sep 18  3:00
 			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Macedonia
 # See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Malta
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21):
+# Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks.
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Mar	31	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Sep	29	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Apr	21	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Sep	16	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Malta	1975	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Malta	1975	1980	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Malta	1980	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2  0:00s # Valletta
-			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2  2:00s
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00s
 			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1973 Mar 31
 			1:00	Malta	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Moldova
 
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
+# the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04
+# http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2
+# ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR
+# time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt
+# plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be
+# adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer"
+# time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and
+# reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00.
+
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
 # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
 # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
 # But [two people] separately reported via
 # Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
 #
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
 # Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
 # "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
 # to the Winter Time).
 #
 # News (in Russian):
 # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
 #
 # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
 # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
 #
 # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
 # In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
 # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
 #
 # (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
 #
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
 # NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
 # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
 # decision to abolish DST this winter.
 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
 # News from Moldova (in russian):
 # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
 
 # From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02):
 # http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01):
 # The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that
 # 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time.  Also,
 # http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara
 # says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time.
 # Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Moldova	1997	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Moldova	1997	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1880
 			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
 			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
 			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
-			3:00	-	MSK	1990 May 6
-			2:00	-	EET	1991
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990 May  6  2:00
 			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
 			2:00	Moldova	EE%sT
 
 # Monaco
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
 # more precise 0:09:21.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Monaco	0:29:32 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15
 			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
 			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16  3:00
 			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Montenegro
 # See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Netherlands
 
 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
 
 # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
 # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
 # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
 # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
 # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
 # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
 # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
 # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
 #
 # (2001-04-08):
 # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
 # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
 #
 # (2001-04-09):
 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
 # actually followed.
 #
 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
 # adopted Amsterdam mean time.
 #
 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
 # Amsterdam mean time.
 
 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from
-# http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm
+# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time
 Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	AMT	# Amsterdam Mean Time
 Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Apr	16	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	AMT
 Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Apr	Mon>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Sep	lastMon	2:00s	0	AMT
 Rule	Neth	1922	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1922	1936	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	AMT
 Rule	Neth	1923	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1924	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1925	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
 Rule	Neth	1926	1931	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1932	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1933	1936	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Neth	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Neth	1938	1939	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
 #
 # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
 # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:32 -	LMT	1835
 			0:19:32	Neth	%s	1937 Jul  1
 			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16  0:00 # Dutch Time
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
 			1:00	Neth	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Norway
 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
 # Pottenger.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	May	22	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Norway	1959	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Norway	1959	1965	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Norway	1965	only	-	Apr	25	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
 			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1940 Aug 10 23:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
 			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Svalbard & Jan Mayen
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
 # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
 # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
 # time they were declared as parts of Norway.  Svalbard was declared
 # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
 # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
 #  and
 # ).  The law/regulation
 # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
 # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
 # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
 # ) I have not been
 # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
 # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by
 # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
 # since 1921.  Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
 # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
 # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
 #
 # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
 # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
 # keeping Berlin time.
 #
 #  says that the meteorologists
 # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
 # frequent air attacks from Germans.  In 1943 the Americans established a
 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City".  Possibly
 # the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
 # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
 #
 # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
 # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
 # ).  The Svalbard FAQ
 #  says that the Germans were
 # expelled on 1942-05-14.  However, small parties of Germans did return,
 # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
 # http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html
 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
 # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
 #
 # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
 # for these regions.
 Link	Europe/Oslo	Arctic/Longyearbyen
 
 # Poland
 
 # The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
 #  pp 1-2.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Poland	1918	1919	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1919	only	-	Apr	15	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Apr	29	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
 # Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
 # http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
 # Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
 # He also gives these further references:
 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) 
 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) 
 Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1957	only	-	Jun	 2	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1957	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1958	only	-	Mar	30	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1959	only	-	May	31	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1959	1961	-	Oct	Sun>=1	1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1960	only	-	Apr	 3	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1962	1964	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
 			1:24:00	-	WMT	1915 Aug  5 # Warsaw Mean Time
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Sep 16  3:00
 			2:00	Poland	EE%sT	1922 Jun
 			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1940 Jun 23  2:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
 			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1988
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Portugal
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
 # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 # Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
 # Round the old offset to -0:36:45.  This agrees with Willett but disagrees
 # with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for
 # Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira.
 #
 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
 #
 # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
 # at 02:00u, not 01:00u.  Assume that these are typos.
 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
 # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
 # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
 # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Jun	17	23:00	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Nov	 1	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Port	1917	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1917	1921	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1918	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1919	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1920	only	-	Feb	29	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1921	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1931	1932	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1934	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
 Rule	Port	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1940	only	-	Feb	24	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
 Rule	Port	1940	1941	-	Oct	 5	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1941	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Mar	Sat>=8	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Apr	25	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
 Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Aug	15	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Oct	Sat>=24	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1943	only	-	Apr	17	22:00s	2:00	M
 Rule	Port	1943	1945	-	Aug	Sat>=25	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1944	1945	-	Apr	Sat>=21	22:00s	2:00	M
 Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
 # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Mar	27	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Sep	25	 0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1978	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1979	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1980	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1983	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Lisbon	-0:36:45 -	LMT	1884
 			-0:36:45 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1 # Lisbon Mean Time
 			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Apr  3  2:00
 			 1:00	-	CET	1976 Sep 26  1:00
 			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
 			 0:00	W-Eur	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT	1996 Mar 31  1:00u
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 Zone Atlantic/Azores	-1:42:40 -	LMT	1884        # Ponta Delgada
 			-1:54:32 -	HMT	1912 Jan  1 # Horta Mean Time
 			-2:00	Port	AZO%sT	1966 Apr  3  2:00  # Azores Time
 			-1:00	Port	AZO%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
 			-1:00	W-Eur	AZO%sT	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Mar 28  1:00u
 			-1:00	EU	AZO%sT
 Zone Atlantic/Madeira	-1:07:36 -	LMT	1884        # Funchal
 			-1:07:36 -	FMT	1912 Jan  1 # Funchal Mean Time
 			-1:00	Port	MAD%sT	1966 Apr  3  2:00 # Madeira Time
 			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 
 # Romania
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
 # Nine O'clock 
 # (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998.  For lack of better info,
 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
 # the same year as Bulgaria.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Romania	1932	only	-	May	21	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1932	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Romania	1933	1939	-	Apr	Sun>=2	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	May	27	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
 			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29  2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
 			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1994
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 
 # Russia
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
 # Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011
 # (Government document
 # http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
 # in Russian)
 # there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
 # All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
 # by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
 
 # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
 # Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
 # http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
 # They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
 # Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
 # changed in September 2011:
 #
 # One source is
 # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
 # 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
 #
 # Another source is
 # http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
 # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
 # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
 # in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
 # does not contain any "effective date" information.
 #
 # Another source is
 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011...
 # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
 # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
 #
 # The Wikipedia article refers to
 # http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
 # which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
 #
 # Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
 # "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
 # with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
 # get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
 # Conradi notes).
 #
 # None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
 #
 # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
 # According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
 # http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
 # the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
 # winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones.  The new
 # regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
 # Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
 # 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
 # areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
 #
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
 # Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
 # http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
 # http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
 # http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
 # From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this:
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
 # are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
 # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
 # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
 #
 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
 #
 # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
 # 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
 # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
 #
 # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
 # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
 #
 # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
 # News - often false - is spread by word of mouth.  A rumor that it was
 # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
 # the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
 # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
 # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade.  I start with the
 # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
 # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
 # since September 1997....  Although the Kuril Islands are
 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
 # The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
 # with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
 # are covered by each zone.  They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
 # listing.  The region codes listed come from
 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
 # and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
 # future stability.  ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
 # divisions where available.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
 # Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
 # 39	RU-KGD	Kaliningrad Oblast
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
+
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
+# http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni
+# confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented.
+# (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that
+# summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But
+# 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.)
+# ...
+# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
+# says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided
+# at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to
+# Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19.
+
 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			 2:00	Poland	CE%sT	1946
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	FET	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	+03	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 2:00	-	EET
 
 
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and
+# Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Europe/Moscow covers...
 # 01	RU-AD	Adygea, Republic of
 # 05	RU-DA	Dagestan, Republic of
 # 06	RU-IN	Ingushetia, Republic of
 # 07	RU-KB	Kabardino-Balkar Republic
 # 08	RU-KL	Kalmykia, Republic of
 # 09	RU-KC	Karachay-Cherkess Republic
 # 10	RU-KR	Karelia, Republic of
 # 11	RU-KO	Komi Republic
 # 12	RU-ME	Mari El Republic
 # 13	RU-MO	Mordovia, Republic of
 # 15	RU-SE	North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
 # 16	RU-TA	Tatarstan, Republic of
 # 20	RU-CE	Chechen Republic
 # 21	RU-CU	Chuvash Republic
 # 23	RU-KDA	Krasnodar Krai
 # 26	RU-STA	Stavropol Krai
 # 29	RU-ARK	Arkhangelsk Oblast
 # 31	RU-BEL	Belgorod Oblast
 # 32	RU-BRY	Bryansk Oblast
 # 33	RU-VLA	Vladimir Oblast
 # 35	RU-VLG	Vologda Oblast
 # 36	RU-VOR	Voronezh Oblast
 # 37	RU-IVA	Ivanovo Oblast
 # 40	RU-KLU	Kaluga Oblast
 # 44	RU-KOS	Kostroma Oblast
 # 46	RU-KRS	Kursk Oblast
 # 47	RU-LEN	Leningrad Oblast
 # 48	RU-LIP	Lipetsk Oblast
 # 50	RU-MOS	Moscow Oblast
 # 51	RU-MUR	Murmansk Oblast
 # 52	RU-NIZ	Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
 # 53	RU-NGR	Novgorod Oblast
 # 57	RU-ORL	Oryol Oblast
 # 58	RU-PNZ	Penza Oblast
 # 60	RU-PSK	Pskov Oblast
 # 61	RU-ROS	Rostov Oblast
 # 62	RU-RYA	Ryazan Oblast
 # 67	RU-SMO	Smolensk Oblast
 # 68	RU-TAM	Tambov Oblast
 # 69	RU-TVE	Tver Oblast
 # 71	RU-TUL	Tula Oblast
-# 73	RU-ULY	Ulyanovsk Oblast
 # 76	RU-YAR	Yaroslavl Oblast
 # 77	RU-MOW	Moscow
 # 78	RU-SPE	Saint Petersburg
 # 83	RU-NEN	Nenets Autonomous Okrug
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
+# The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919.  Decree No. 59
+# (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time
+# zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854
+# specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT.
+# No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date;
+# later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are
+# taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks.
+# (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.)
+
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
+# 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982.
+# Wikipedia refers to
+# http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html
+# http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm
+#
+# The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn
+# magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to
+# the Trud newspaper from February 1982.  The first link provides the
+# same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses
+# time belt changes map).
+#
+# The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to
+# introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt
+# border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous
+# Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka
+# according to the provided map (colored one).  In addition to that
+# "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time
+# belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on
+# 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage.  (Komi ASSR was
+# supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2
+# hour difference.)  Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01
+# is also provided.
+#
+# The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems
+# and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not
+# moving to summer time on 1982-04-01.  Namely: Dagestan,
+# Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian,
+# Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol
+# krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo,
+# Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and
+# Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky
+# district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug.  As a result Evenk Autonomous
+# Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end
+# up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow
+# time.
+#
+# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
+# attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers
+# of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982.  1980-925.txt also adds
+# Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky
+# district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug.  Probably erroneously.
+#
+# The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow,
+# Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk.
+#
+# 12. Udmurtia
+# The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i
+# Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from
+# Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act.
+# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
+# implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01.
+# Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991.
+#
+# ...
+#
+# All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at
+# 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1
+# change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia).
+#
+# There were some exceptions, though.
+# Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd,
+# Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992
+# change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some
+# lists found in the internet are quite wild.)
+#
+# And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment.
+# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
+# says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the
+# 1991-03-31 switch and one person at
+# http://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html
+# says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception
+# 2 days before the switch.
+#
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the
+# chaotic early 1980s in Russia.  It's not clear what these entries
+# should be.  For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the
+# time in Moscow.
+
 # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
 # LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
 # Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
 # LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
 # (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
 # The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
 # Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg.  In 1916 LMT Moscow
 # was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
 # coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
 # 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19.  LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
 # 2:31:19 ...
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
 # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
 # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
 # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
 # Russian and French.  This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
 
 Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:17 -	LMT	1880
 			 2:30:17 -	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
-			 2:31:19 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1  2:00
+			 2:31:19 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 			 3:00	Russia	%s	1921 Oct
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct
 			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	MSK
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
 # Europe/Simferopol covers...
 # **	****	Crimea, Republic of
 # **	****	Sevastopol
 
 Zone Europe/Simferopol	 2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
 			 2:16	-	SMT	1924 May  2 # Simferopol Mean T
 			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			 3:00	-	MSK	1941 Nov
 			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Apr 13
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
 			 3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1  2:00
 			 2:00	-	EET	1992
 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
 # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  Shanks & Pottenger simply say
 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right.  For now, guess it
 # changed in May.
 			 2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1994 May
 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
 			 3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996 Mar 31  0:00s
 			 3:00	1:00	MSD	1996 Oct 27  3:00s
 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997
 			 3:00	-	MSK	1997 Mar lastSun  1:00u
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
 # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
 # http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
 # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
 # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
 # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
 			 2:00	EU	EE%sT	2014 Mar 30  2:00
 			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	MSK
 
 
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Europe/Volgograd covers...
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# Europe/Astrakhan covers:
 # 30	RU-AST	Astrakhan Oblast
+#
+# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12):
+# On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation
+# Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time)....
+# This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00.
+# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
+
+Zone Europe/Astrakhan	 3:12:12 -	LMT	1924 May
+			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	+03	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	+04
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# Europe/Volgograd covers:
 # 34	RU-VGG	Volgograd Oblast
-# 43	RU-KIR	Kirov Oblast
 # 64	RU-SAR	Saratov Oblast
+# The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300.
-# Perhaps it switched after the others?  But we have no data.
-
 Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
-			 3:00	-	TSAT	1925 Apr  6 # Tsaritsyn Time
-			 3:00	-	STAT	1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
-			 4:00	-	STAT	1961 Nov 11
-			 4:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1989 Mar 26  2:00s # Volgograd T
-			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	VOLT	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	MSK
+			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	-	+04	1961 Nov 11
+			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1988 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	+03
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# Europe/Kirov covers:
+# 43	RU-KIR	Kirov Oblast
+# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
+#
+Zone Europe/Kirov	 3:18:48 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
+			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	+03
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Europe/Samara covers...
 # 18	RU-UD	Udmurt Republic
 # 63	RU-SAM	Samara Oblast
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
+# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 
-Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:20 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  2:00
-			 3:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	-	SAMT	1935 Jan 27
-			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26  2:00s # Kuybyshev
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	KUYT	1991 Oct 20  3:00
-			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s # Samara Time
-			 3:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	SAMT
+Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:20 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
+			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	-	+04	1935 Jan 27
+			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 2:00	Russia	+02/+03	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	+03	1991 Oct 20  3:00
+			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	+04
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# Europe/Ulyanovsk covers:
+# 73	RU-ULY	Ulyanovsk Oblast
 
+# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
+# Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am.
+# Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ...
+# 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading.
+# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051
+
+Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk	 3:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
+			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 2:00	Russia	+02/+03	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	+03	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	+04
+
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
 # 02	RU-BA	Bashkortostan, Republic of
 # 90	RU-PER	Perm Krai
 # 45	RU-KGN	Kurgan Oblast
 # 56	RU-ORE	Orenburg Oblast
 # 66	RU-SVE	Sverdlovsk Oblast
 # 72	RU-TYU	Tyumen Oblast
 # 74	RU-CHE	Chelyabinsk Oblast
 # 86	RU-KHM	Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
 # 89	RU-YAN	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
 #
 # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
 
 # Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
 # Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
 # Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
 # The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
 
 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:33 -	LMT	1916 Jul  3
 			 3:45:05 -	PMT	1919 Jul 15  4:00
-			 4:00	-	SVET	1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
-			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	YEKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 5:00	-	YEKT
+			 4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
+			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	+06	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 5:00	-	+05
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Asia/Omsk covers...
-# 04	RU-AL	Altai Republic
-# 22	RU-ALT	Altai Krai
 # 55	RU-OMS	Omsk Oblast
 
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
 
 Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:30 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
-			 5:00	-	OMST	1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time
-			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 5:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	OMST	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	OMST
+			 5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	+06
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22):
+# Asia/Barnaul covers:
+# 04	RU-AL	Altai Republic
+# 22	RU-ALT	Altai Krai
 
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Asia/Novosibirsk covers...
+# Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
+
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
+# Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25
+# http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
+# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
+# 1995-05-28.
+#
+# http://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
+# has some historical data for Altai Krai:
+# before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7
+# after 1957: UTC+7
+# since 1995: UTC+6
+# http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
+# confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
+# Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones
+# by March 27, 2016 at 2am....
+# Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ...
+# Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7)
+# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038
+
+Zone Asia/Barnaul	 5:35:00 -	LMT	1919 Dec 10
+			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1995 May 28
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	+06	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	+07
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# Asia/Novosibirsk covers:
 # 54	RU-NVS	Novosibirsk Oblast
-# 70	RU-TOM	Tomsk Oblast
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
-# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30):
+# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6
+# moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7.
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04):
+# The law was signed yesterday and published today on
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064
 
 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14  6:00
-			 6:00	-	NOVT	1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
-			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
-			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	NOVT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	NOVT
+			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	+06	2016 Jul 24  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	+07
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# Asia/Tomsk covers:
+# 70	RU-TOM	Tomsk Oblast
 
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24):
+# Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51.
+
+# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
+# Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow.
+
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19):
+# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743
+# (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time)
+# / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ...
+# Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their
+# GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally
+# belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced
+# with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a
+# 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014).
+
+# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12):
+# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6
+# This bill was approved in the first reading today.  It moves Tomsk oblast
+# from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at
+# 2:00.  The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by
+# the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President
+# and published to become a law.  Minor changes in the text are to be expected
+# before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the
+# recent changes).
+#
+# Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws,
+# the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule
+# http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/
+# http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303
+# I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the
+# bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday,
+# approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and
+# published as a law around 2016-04-26.
+
+# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26):
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048
+
+Zone	Asia/Tomsk	 5:39:51 -	LMT	1919 Dec 22
+			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2002 May  1  3:00
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	+06	2016 May 29  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	+07
+
+
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
 # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
 # 42	RU-KEM	Kemerovo Oblast
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
 # March 28, 2010:
 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
 #
 # This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September
 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
 #
 # Russian Government web site (Russian language)
 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
 #
 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
-#
-# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
-# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
 # realigning itself with KRAT.
 
 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	LMT	1924 May  1
-			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s # Novosibirsk
-			 7:00	-	NOVT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	KRAT	# Krasnoyarsk Time
+			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	+07
 
-
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
 # 17	RU-TY	Tuva Republic
 # 19	RU-KK	Khakassia, Republic of
 # 24	RU-KYA	Krasnoyarsk Krai
 #
 # Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
 # Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
 
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
 
 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:26 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
-			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	KRAT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	KRAT
+			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	+08	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	+07
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Asia/Irkutsk covers...
 # 03	RU-BU	Buryatia, Republic of
 # 38	RU-IRK	Irkutsk Oblast
 #
 # Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
 # merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
 
 # Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15.
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05.
 # Go with Byalokoz.
 
 Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:05 -	LMT	1880
 			 6:57:05 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
-			 7:00	-	IRKT	1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
-			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 9:00	-	IRKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	IRKT
+			 7:00	-	+07	1930 Jun 21
+			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	+09	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	+08
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
 # Asia/Chita covers...
 # 92	RU-ZAB	Zabaykalsky Krai
 #
 # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
 
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02):
+# [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) -
+# Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9.  Effective date will
+# be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am....
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107
+
 Zone Asia/Chita	 7:33:52 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			10:00	-	YAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	IRKT
+			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	+08	2016 Mar 27  2:00
+			 9:00	-	+09
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
 # Asia/Yakutsk covers...
 # 28	RU-AMU	Amur Oblast
 #
 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
 # 14-02	****	Aldansky District
 # 14-04	****	Amginsky District
 # 14-05	****	Anabarsky District
 # 14-06	****	Bulunsky District
 # 14-07	****	Verkhnevilyuysky District
 # 14-10	****	Vilyuysky District
 # 14-11	****	Gorny District
 # 14-12	****	Zhigansky District
 # 14-13	****	Kobyaysky District
 # 14-14	****	Lensky District
 # 14-15	****	Megino-Kangalassky District
 # 14-16	****	Mirninsky District
 # 14-18	****	Namsky District
 # 14-19	****	Neryungrinsky District
 # 14-21	****	Nyurbinsky District
 # 14-23	****	Olenyoksky District
 # 14-24	****	Olyokminsky District
 # 14-26	****	Suntarsky District
 # 14-27	****	Tattinsky District
 # 14-29	****	Ust-Aldansky District
 # 14-32	****	Khangalassky District
 # 14-33	****	Churapchinsky District
 # 14-34	****	Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
 # Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
 # Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
 # Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
 
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
 
 Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:58 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			10:00	-	YAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 9:00	-	YAKT
+			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	+09
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
 # Asia/Vladivostok covers...
 # 25	RU-PRI	Primorsky Krai
 # 27	RU-KHA	Khabarovsk Krai
 # 79	RU-YEV	Jewish Autonomous Oblast
 #
 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
 # 14-09	****	Verkhoyansky District
 # 14-31	****	Ust-Yansky District
 
 # Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5.
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31.
 # Go with Byalokoz.
 
 Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:31 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
-			 9:00	-	VLAT	1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
-			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	VLAT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	VLAT
+			 9:00	-	+09	1930 Jun 21
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	+10
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
 # Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
 # 14-28	****	Tomponsky District
 # 14-30	****	Ust-Maysky District
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
 # Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
 # in 2011.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
 # Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
 # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
 
 Zone Asia/Khandyga	 9:02:13 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2004
-			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	VLAT	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
-			10:00	-	YAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 9:00	-	YAKT
+			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2004
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	+11	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
+			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	+09
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
 # Asia/Sakhalin covers...
 # 65	RU-SAK	Sakhalin Oblast
 # ...with the exception of:
 # 65-11	****	Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
 
+# From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22):
+# Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
+# (2016-03-09):
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044
+
 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
 Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
-			 9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
-			 9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 25
-			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s # Sakhalin T
-			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1997 Mar lastSun  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	SAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	SAKT
+			 9:00	-	+09	1945 Aug 25
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s # Sakhalin T
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1997 Mar lastSun  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	+10	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	+11
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
 # Asia/Magadan covers...
 # 49	RU-MAG	Magadan Oblast
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
 # Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
 # several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
 # the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
 # until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11.  These regions will
 # need their own zone.
 
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27):
+# ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
+# will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock
+#
+# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05):
+# ... signed by the President today ...
+# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038
+
 Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	MAGT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	MAGT
+			10:00	-	+10	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	+12	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	+10	2016 Apr 24  2:00s
+			11:00	-	+11
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
 # Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
 # 14-01	****	Abyysky District
 # 14-03	****	Allaikhovsky District
 # 14-08	****	Verkhnekolymsky District
 # 14-17	****	Momsky District
 # 14-20	****	Nizhnekolymsky District
 # 14-25	****	Srednekolymsky District
 #
 # ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
 # 65-11	****	Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
 # Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
 # most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
 # 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
 # of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
 # Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
 # Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
 # There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
 # Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
 #
 # Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
 # districts, but have very similar populations.  In fact, Wikipedia currently
 # lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
 # each!  (Yikes!)
 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
 # Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
 #
 # Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
 # fluctuated recently.  Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
 # 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
 # recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170.  (See pages 195 and 197 of
 # http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
 # in Russian.)  In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
 # settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
 # Go with Srednekolymsk.
-#
-# Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT
-# as the abbreviation.  Use SRET instead.
 
 Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk	10:14:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	MAGT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			11:00	-	SRET	# Srednekolymsk Time
+			10:00	-	+10	1930 Jun 21
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	+12	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			11:00	-	+11
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
 # Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
 # 14-22	****	Oymyakonsky District
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
 # Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
 # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
 #
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
 # It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
 # as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
 # Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
 # UTC+12 since at least then, too.
 
 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera	 9:32:54 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
-			 9:00	Russia	YAKT	1981 Apr  1
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	MAGT	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
-			11:00	-	VLAT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	VLAT
+			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1981 Apr  1
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	+12	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
+			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	+10
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Asia/Kamchatka covers...
 # 91	RU-KAM	Kamchatka Krai
 #
 # Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
 
 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
 # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
 Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
-			11:00	-	PETT	1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
-			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	PETT
+			11:00	-	+11	1930 Jun 21
+			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	+12
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
 # Asia/Anadyr covers...
 # 87	RU-CHU	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
 
 Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			12:00	-	ANAT	1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
-			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1982 Apr  1  0:00s
-			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	ANAT
+			12:00	-	+12	1930 Jun 21
+			13:00	Russia	+13/+14	1982 Apr  1  0:00s
+			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	+12
 
 
 # San Marino
 # See Europe/Rome.
 
 # Serbia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
 			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			1:00	-	CET	1945 May  8  2:00s
 			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
 # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
 			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica	# Montenegro
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo	# Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje	# Macedonia
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia
 
 # Slovakia
 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
 
 # Slovenia
 # See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Spain
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Spain	1917	only	-	May	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1917	1919	-	Oct	 6	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1918	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1919	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Oct	 4	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Spain	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Spain	1937	only	-	May	22	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Mar	22	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1940	only	-	Mar	16	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
 Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	Sep	 1	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	22:00s	2:00	M
 Rule	Spain	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1944	only	-	Oct	10	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1945	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1946	only	-	Sep	30	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Apr	Sat>=13	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1976	only	-	Mar	27	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1976	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1977	1978	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
 Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
 Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule SpainAfrica 1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule SpainAfrica 1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule SpainAfrica 1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
 Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1  0:00s
 			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1946 Sep 30
 			 1:00	Spain	CE%sT	1979
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Zone	Africa/Ceuta	-0:21:16 -	LMT	1901
 			 0:00	-	WET	1918 May  6 23:00
 			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1918 Oct  7 23:00
 			 0:00	-	WET	1924
 			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1929
 			 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
 			 1:00	-	CET	1986
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 			-1:00	-	CANT	1946 Sep 30  1:00 # Canaries T
 			 0:00	-	WET	1980 Apr  6  0:00s
 			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1980 Sep 28  1:00u
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
 
 # Sweden
 
 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
 #
 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm".  The law is dated 1878-05-31.
 #
 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time.  Less 12 minutes gives the
 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
 #
 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
 # författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
 # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
 # 1899-06-16.  In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
 #
 # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
 #
 # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
 # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
 # in Swedish):  (type
 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
 # the Sök-button).
 #
 # (2001-05-13):
 #
 # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
 # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time.  The article also reports that some
 # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
 # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
 # hour before the event took place.
 #
 # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 			1:00:14	-	SET	1900 Jan  1 # Swedish Time
 			1:00	-	CET	1916 May 14 23:00
 			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Oct  1  1:00
 			1:00	-	CET	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Switzerland
 # From Howse:
 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
 # and their performance improved enormously.  Communities began to keep
 # mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
 # Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 # Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 # Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 
 # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
 # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.
 #
 # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
 # to be wrong. This is now verified.
 #
 # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
 # government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
 # federal law collection)...
 #
 # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
 # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
 #
 # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am
 # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am
 #
 # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.
 # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law
 # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any
 # other years are made.
 #
 # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
 # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
 # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
 # a thing had happened in Switzerland.
 #
 # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de
 # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
 # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
 # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
 #
 # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
 # Rule  Swiss   1941    1942    -       May     Mon>=1  1:00    1:00    S
 # Rule  Swiss   1941    1942    -       Oct     Mon>=1  2:00    0       -
 #
 # The 1940 rules must be deleted.
 #
 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
 # most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
 # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
 # the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
 #
 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
 # The Federal regulations say
 # http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
 # ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
 # Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
 
 # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
 # the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893)
 # http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353
 # clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
 # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
 # hour before the beginning of service.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
 # Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
 #
 # We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
 # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12.  This book:
 #
 #	Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
 #	Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
 #	ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
 #
 # suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
 # agree about civil time during the transition.  The timekeeping it gives the
 # most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
 # "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859).  On p 72 Messerli writes that in
 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
 # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
 # (Google translation).  For now, model this transition as occurring on
 # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
 # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Mon>=1	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Mon>=1	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
 			0:29:46	-	BMT	1894 Jun    # Bern Mean Time
 			1:00	Swiss	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Turkey
 
-# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
-# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
-# ... The latest rules are available at:
-# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
-# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
-# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time.  I am not sure
-# what happened before that.  One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
-# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm
-# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT
-# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM
-# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016
-# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021
-# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):
-# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.
+# From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25):
+# 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with
+#    no exceptions.
+# 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ...
+# Here are official papers:
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf  - page 2 for 1986
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf  - page 4 for 1987
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf  - page 15 for 1988
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf  - page 6 for 1989
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf  - page 1 for 1990 - 1992
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf  - page 15 for 1993 - 1995
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf  - page 1 for overriding 1994
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf  - page 1 for 1996, 1997
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf  - page 10 for 1998 - 2000
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2  - for 2001
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2  - for 2002-2006
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25):
+# Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1985.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
 
 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
 # Turkish:
 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
 
 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
 # The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
 # Turkish Local election....
 # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
 # ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
 # From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
 # Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
 # I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
 # change delay.  Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
 # The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
 # change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not.  See:
 # Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
 # http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
 # I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
 
 # From Fatih (2015-09-29):
 # It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy.
 # Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00
 # http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217
+#
+# From BBC News (2015-10-25):
+# Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a
+# government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan
+# Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan.
+# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326
 
+# From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08):
+# Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter....
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07):
+# The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey.
+# It takes effect today, which is not much notice.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Turkey	1924	only	-	May	13	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1924	1925	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1925	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1941	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1947	1948	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1947	1950	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1949	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1950	only	-	Apr	19	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	May	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Nov	 4	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Nov	 3	5:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1975	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1975	1976	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1976	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1977	only	-	Oct	16	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1979	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1979	1982	-	Oct	Mon>=11	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Jul	31	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1986	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1991	2006	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1991	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
+Rule	Turkey	1986	1993	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Turkey	1986	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
+Rule	Turkey	1994	only	-	Mar	20	1:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Turkey	1995	2006	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1996	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
 			1:56:56	-	IMT	1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1978 Oct 15
-			3:00	Turkey	TR%sT	1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
+			3:00	Turkey	+03/+04	1985 Apr 20
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	2007
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  1:00u
 			2:00	-	EET	2011 Mar 28  1:00u
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2014 Mar 30  1:00u
 			2:00	-	EET	2014 Mar 31  1:00u
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2015 Oct 25  1:00u
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	2015 Nov  8  1:00u
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2016 Sep  7
+			3:00	-	+03
 Link	Europe/Istanbul	Asia/Istanbul	# Istanbul is in both continents.
 
 # Ukraine
 #
 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
 # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government
 # regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
 # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
 # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
 # abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
 #
 # Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
 # approval from 266 deputies.
 #
 # Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
 # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
 #
 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
 # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
 #
 # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
 # http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
 #
 # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
 # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
 # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
 # time this year after all.
 #
 # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
 # As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone
 # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
 # to Russia) was reverted today:
 # http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
 #
 # Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
 # The law documents themselves are at
 # http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
 
 # From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
 # First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST:
 #       03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1       Time Zone 3 with DST
 #       07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1       Time Zone 2 with DST
 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134.
 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html
 #
 # They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law,
 # "summer time" was still in action):
 #       09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1       Time Zone 2 with DST
 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272.
 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html
 #
 # Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action):
 #       03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1       Time Zone 2 with DST
 #
 # DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended):
 #       09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0       Time Zone 2, no DST
 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225.
 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm
 # This is an answer.
 #
 # Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure:
 #       03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1       DST started
 #       09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0       DST ended
 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
 # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
 # "Kiev" is more common in English.
 Zone Europe/Kiev	2:02:04 -	LMT	1880
 			2:02:04	-	KMT	1924 May  2 # Kiev Mean Time
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 20
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Nov  6
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990 Jul  1  2:00
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29  3:00
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod	1:29:12 -	LMT	1890 Oct
 			1:00	-	CET	1940
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
 			1:00	1:00	CEST	1944 Oct 26
 			1:00	-	CET	1945 Jun 29
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
 			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1  2:00
 			1:00	-	CET	1991 Mar 31  3:00
 			2:00	-	EET	1992
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English.  Use the common English
 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
 # portable Posix file names.
 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye	2:20:40 -	LMT	1880
 			2:20	-	CUT	1924 May  2 # Central Ukraine T
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Aug 25
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Oct 25
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Vatican City
 # See Europe/Rome.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
 #
 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
 # uses the WE DST rules.  The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST).  It also claims that Turkey
 # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
 # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
 
 # ...
 # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
 # From: Tom Hofmann
 # ...
 #
 # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
 # most European countries started DST.  Before that year, only
 # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
 # to own national rules.  In 1981, however, DST started on
 # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
 # years...
 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
 # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
 # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
 # lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
 #
 # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
 # Soviet Union (as far as I know).
 #
 # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
 # 4002 Basle, Switzerland
 # ...
 
 # ...
 # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
 # From: Dik T. Winter
 # ...
 #
 # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
 # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
 # about DST in Europe.  I was able to find all from about 1969.
 #
 # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
 # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
 # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
 # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March.  And from 1982
 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
 # the Sov[i]et Union.  In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
 # dates...
 #
 # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
 # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
 # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
 # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
 # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe.  Another note: it is always
 # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
 # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
 # in advance of normal time.
 #
 # ...
 # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
 # ...
 
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # ...
 # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
 # Since 1978.  Change at midnight.
 # ...
 # Monaco: has same DST as France.
 # ...
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/factory
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/factory	(revision 309576)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/factory	(revision 309577)
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
-# For companies who don't want to put time zone specification in
-# their installation procedures.  When users run date, they'll get the message.
-# Also useful for the "comp.sources" version.
+# For distributors who don't want to put time zone specification in
+# their installation procedures.  Users that run 'date' will get the
+# time zone abbreviation "-00", indicating that the actual time zone
+# is unknown.
 
 # Zone	NAME	GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT
 Zone	Factory	0	- "Local time zone must be set--use tzsetup"
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/leap-seconds.list
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/leap-seconds.list	(revision 309576)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/leap-seconds.list	(revision 309577)
@@ -1,249 +1,250 @@
 #
 #	In the following text, the symbol '#' introduces
 #	a comment, which continues from that symbol until
 #	the end of the line. A plain comment line has a
 #	whitespace character following the comment indicator.
 #	There are also special comment lines defined below.
 #	A special comment will always have a non-whitespace
 #	character in column 2.
 #
 #	A blank line should be ignored.
 #
 #	The following table shows the corrections that must
 #	be applied to compute International Atomic Time (TAI)
 #	from the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) values that
 #	are transmitted by almost all time services.
 #
 #	The first column shows an epoch as a number of seconds
 #	since 1 January 1900, 00:00:00 (1900.0 is also used to
 #	indicate the same epoch.) Both of these time stamp formats
 #	ignore the complexities of the time scales that were
 #	used before the current definition of UTC at the start
 #	of 1972. (See note 3 below.)
 #	The second column shows the number of seconds that
 #	must be added to UTC to compute TAI for any timestamp
 #	at or after that epoch. The value on each line is
 #	valid from the indicated initial instant until the
 #	epoch given on the next one or indefinitely into the
 #	future if there is no next line.
 #	(The comment on each line shows the representation of
 #	the corresponding initial epoch in the usual
 #	day-month-year format. The epoch always begins at
 #	00:00:00 UTC on the indicated day. See Note 5 below.)
 #
 #	Important notes:
 #
 #	1. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is often referred to
 #	as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). The GMT time scale is no
 #	longer used, and the use of GMT to designate UTC is
 #	discouraged.
 #
 #	2. The UTC time scale is realized by many national
 #	laboratories and timing centers. Each laboratory
 #	identifies its realization with its name: Thus
 #	UTC(NIST), UTC(USNO), etc. The differences among
 #	these different realizations are typically on the
 #	order of a few nanoseconds (i.e., 0.000 000 00x s)
 #	and can be ignored for many purposes. These differences
 #	are tabulated in Circular T, which is published monthly
 #	by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures
 #	(BIPM). See www.bipm.org for more information.
 #
 #	3. The current definition of the relationship between UTC
 #	and TAI dates from 1 January 1972. A number of different
 #	time scales were in use before that epoch, and it can be
 #	quite difficult to compute precise timestamps and time
 #	intervals in those "prehistoric" days. For more information,
 #	consult:
 #
 #		The Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical
 #		Ephemeris.
 #	or
 #		Terry Quinn, "The BIPM and the Accurate Measurement
 #		of Time," Proc. of the IEEE, Vol. 79, pp. 894-905,
 #		July, 1991.
 #
 #	4. The decision to insert a leap second into UTC is currently
 #	the responsibility of the International Earth Rotation and
 #	Reference Systems Service. (The name was changed from the
 #	International Earth Rotation Service, but the acronym IERS
 #	is still used.)
 #
 #	Leap seconds are announced by the IERS in its Bulletin C.
 #
 #	See www.iers.org for more details.
 #
 #	Every national laboratory and timing center uses the
 #	data from the BIPM and the IERS to construct UTC(lab),
 #	their local realization of UTC.
 #
 #	Although the definition also includes the possibility
 #	of dropping seconds ("negative" leap seconds), this has
 #	never been done and is unlikely to be necessary in the
 #	foreseeable future.
 #
 #	5. If your system keeps time as the number of seconds since
 #	some epoch (e.g., NTP timestamps), then the algorithm for
 #	assigning a UTC time stamp to an event that happens during a positive
 #	leap second is not well defined. The official name of that leap
 #	second is 23:59:60, but there is no way of representing that time
 #	in these systems.
 #	Many systems of this type effectively stop the system clock for
 #	one second during the leap second and use a time that is equivalent
 #	to 23:59:59 UTC twice. For these systems, the corresponding TAI
 #	timestamp would be obtained by advancing to the next entry in the
 #	following table when the time equivalent to 23:59:59 UTC
 #	is used for the second time. Thus the leap second which
 #	occurred on 30 June 1972 at 23:59:59 UTC would have TAI
 #	timestamps computed as follows:
 #
 #	...
 #	30 June 1972 23:59:59 (2287785599, first time):	TAI= UTC + 10 seconds
 #	30 June 1972 23:59:60 (2287785599,second time):	TAI= UTC + 11 seconds
 #	1  July 1972 00:00:00 (2287785600)		TAI= UTC + 11 seconds
 #	...
 #
 #	If your system realizes the leap second by repeating 00:00:00 UTC twice
 #	(this is possible but not usual), then the advance to the next entry
 #	in the table must occur the second time that a time equivalent to
 #	00:00:00 UTC is used. Thus, using the same example as above:
 #
 #	...
 #       30 June 1972 23:59:59 (2287785599):		TAI= UTC + 10 seconds
 #       30 June 1972 23:59:60 (2287785600, first time):	TAI= UTC + 10 seconds
 #       1  July 1972 00:00:00 (2287785600,second time):	TAI= UTC + 11 seconds
 #	...
 #
 #	in both cases the use of timestamps based on TAI produces a smooth
 #	time scale with no discontinuity in the time interval. However,
 #	although the long-term behavior of the time scale is correct in both
 #	methods, the second method is technically not correct because it adds
 #	the extra second to the wrong day.
 #
 #	This complexity would not be needed for negative leap seconds (if they
 #	are ever used). The UTC time would skip 23:59:59 and advance from
 #	23:59:58 to 00:00:00 in that case. The TAI offset would decrease by
 #	1 second at the same instant. This is a much easier situation to deal
 #	with, since the difficulty of unambiguously representing the epoch
 #	during the leap second does not arise.
 #
 #	Some systems implement leap seconds by amortizing the leap second
 #	over the last few minutes of the day. The frequency of the local
 #	clock is decreased (or increased) to realize the positive (or
 #	negative) leap second. This method removes the time step described
 #	above. Although the long-term behavior of the time scale is correct
 #	in this case, this method introduces an error during the adjustment
 #	period both in time and in frequency with respect to the official
 #	definition of UTC.
 #
 #	Questions or comments to:
 #		Judah Levine
 #		Time and Frequency Division
 #		NIST
 #		Boulder, Colorado
 #		Judah.Levine@nist.gov
 #
-#	Last Update of leap second values:   5 January 2015
+#	Last Update of leap second values:   8 July 2016
 #
 #	The following line shows this last update date in NTP timestamp
 #	format. This is the date on which the most recent change to
 #	the leap second data was added to the file. This line can
 #	be identified by the unique pair of characters in the first two
 #	columns as shown below.
 #
-#$	 3629404800
+#$	 3676924800
 #
 #	The NTP timestamps are in units of seconds since the NTP epoch,
 #	which is 1 January 1900, 00:00:00. The Modified Julian Day number
 #	corresponding to the NTP time stamp, X, can be computed as
 #
 #	X/86400 + 15020
 #
 #	where the first term converts seconds to days and the second
 #	term adds the MJD corresponding to the time origin defined above.
 #	The integer portion of the result is the integer MJD for that
 #	day, and any remainder is the time of day, expressed as the
 #	fraction of the day since 0 hours UTC. The conversion from day
 #	fraction to seconds or to hours, minutes, and seconds may involve
 #	rounding or truncation, depending on the method used in the
 #	computation.
 #
 #	The data in this file will be updated periodically as new leap
 #	seconds are announced. In addition to being entered on the line
 #	above, the update time (in NTP format) will be added to the basic
 #	file name leap-seconds to form the name leap-seconds..
 #	In addition, the generic name leap-seconds.list will always point to
 #	the most recent version of the file.
 #
 #	This update procedure will be performed only when a new leap second
 #	is announced.
 #
 #	The following entry specifies the expiration date of the data
 #	in this file in units of seconds since the origin at the instant
 #	1 January 1900, 00:00:00. This expiration date will be changed
 #	at least twice per year whether or not a new leap second is
 #	announced. These semi-annual changes will be made no later
 #	than 1 June and 1 December of each year to indicate what
 #	action (if any) is to be taken on 30 June and 31 December,
 #	respectively. (These are the customary effective dates for new
 #	leap seconds.) This expiration date will be identified by a
 #	unique pair of characters in columns 1 and 2 as shown below.
 #	In the unlikely event that a leap second is announced with an
 #	effective date other than 30 June or 31 December, then this
 #	file will be edited to include that leap second as soon as it is
 #	announced or at least one month before the effective date
 #	(whichever is later).
 #	If an announcement by the IERS specifies that no leap second is
 #	scheduled, then only the expiration date of the file will
 #	be advanced to show that the information in the file is still
 #	current -- the update time stamp, the data and the name of the file
 #	will not change.
 #
-#	Updated through IERS Bulletin C50
-#	File expires on:  28 June 2016
+#	Updated through IERS Bulletin C52
+#	File expires on:  28 June 2017
 #
-#@	3676060800
+#@	3707596800
 #
 2272060800	10	# 1 Jan 1972
 2287785600	11	# 1 Jul 1972
 2303683200	12	# 1 Jan 1973
 2335219200	13	# 1 Jan 1974
 2366755200	14	# 1 Jan 1975
 2398291200	15	# 1 Jan 1976
 2429913600	16	# 1 Jan 1977
 2461449600	17	# 1 Jan 1978
 2492985600	18	# 1 Jan 1979
 2524521600	19	# 1 Jan 1980
 2571782400	20	# 1 Jul 1981
 2603318400	21	# 1 Jul 1982
 2634854400	22	# 1 Jul 1983
 2698012800	23	# 1 Jul 1985
 2776982400	24	# 1 Jan 1988
 2840140800	25	# 1 Jan 1990
 2871676800	26	# 1 Jan 1991
 2918937600	27	# 1 Jul 1992
 2950473600	28	# 1 Jul 1993
 2982009600	29	# 1 Jul 1994
 3029443200	30	# 1 Jan 1996
 3076704000	31	# 1 Jul 1997
 3124137600	32	# 1 Jan 1999
 3345062400	33	# 1 Jan 2006
 3439756800	34	# 1 Jan 2009
 3550089600	35	# 1 Jul 2012
 3644697600	36	# 1 Jul 2015
+3692217600	37	# 1 Jan 2017
 #
 #	the following special comment contains the
 #	hash value of the data in this file computed
 #	use the secure hash algorithm as specified
 #	by FIPS 180-1. See the files in ~/pub/sha for
 #	the details of how this hash value is
 #	computed. Note that the hash computation
 #	ignores comments and whitespace characters
 #	in data lines. It includes the NTP values
 #	of both the last modification time and the
 #	expiration time of the file, but not the
 #	white space on those lines.
 #	the hash line is also ignored in the
 #	computation.
 #
-#h	3d037453 3acade76 570bd8f8 be2b8bc9 55ec6fe8
+#h	dacf2c42 2c4765d6 3c797af8 2cf630eb 699c8c67
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/leapseconds
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/leapseconds	(revision 309576)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/leapseconds	(revision 309577)
@@ -1,60 +1,62 @@
 # Allowance for leap seconds added to each time zone file.
 
 # This file is in the public domain.
 
 # This file is generated automatically from the data in the public-domain
 # leap-seconds.list file available from most NIST time servers.
 # If the URL  does not work,
 # you should be able to pick up leap-seconds.list from a secondary NIST server.
+# See  for a list of secondary servers.
 # For more about leap-seconds.list, please see
 # The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds
 # http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/leap.html
 
 # The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
 # periodically uses leap seconds to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
 # (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space); see
 # Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time,
 # Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905 .
 # There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism
 # accounting for the discrepancy between atomic time and the earth's rotation
 # did not exist until the early 1970s.
 
 # The correction (+ or -) is made at the given time, so lines
 # will typically look like:
 #	Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:60	+	R/S
 # or
 #	Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:59	-	R/S
 
 # If the leapsecond is Rolling (R) the given time is local time.
 # If the leapsecond is Stationary (S) the given time is UTC.
 
 # Leap	YEAR	MONTH	DAY	HH:MM:SS	CORR	R/S
 Leap	1972	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1972	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1973	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1974	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1975	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1976	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1977	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1978	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1979	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1981	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1982	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1983	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1985	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1987	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1989	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1990	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1992	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1993	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1994	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1995	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1997	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1998	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	2005	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	2008	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	2012	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	2015	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
+Leap	2016	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 
-#	Updated through IERS Bulletin C50
-#	File expires on:  28 June 2016
+#	Updated through IERS Bulletin C52
+#	File expires on:  28 June 2017
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/leapseconds.awk
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/leapseconds.awk	(nonexistent)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/leapseconds.awk	(revision 309577)
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Generate the 'leapseconds' file from 'leap-seconds.list'.
+
+# This file is in the public domain.
+
+BEGIN {
+  print "# Allowance for leap seconds added to each time zone file."
+  print ""
+  print "# This file is in the public domain."
+  print ""
+  print "# This file is generated automatically from the data in the public-domain"
+  print "# leap-seconds.list file available from most NIST time servers."
+  print "# If the URL  does not work,"
+  print "# you should be able to pick up leap-seconds.list from a secondary NIST server."
+  print "# See  for a list of secondary servers."
+  print "# For more about leap-seconds.list, please see"
+  print "# The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds"
+  print "# http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/leap.html"
+  print ""
+  print "# The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service"
+  print "# periodically uses leap seconds to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1"
+  print "# (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space); see"
+  print "# Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time,"
+  print "# Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905 ."
+  print "# There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism"
+  print "# accounting for the discrepancy between atomic time and the earth's rotation"
+  print "# did not exist until the early 1970s."
+  print ""
+  print "# The correction (+ or -) is made at the given time, so lines"
+  print "# will typically look like:"
+  print "#	Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:60	+	R/S"
+  print "# or"
+  print "#	Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:59	-	R/S"
+  print ""
+  print "# If the leapsecond is Rolling (R) the given time is local time."
+  print "# If the leapsecond is Stationary (S) the given time is UTC."
+  print ""
+  print "# Leap	YEAR	MONTH	DAY	HH:MM:SS	CORR	R/S"
+}
+
+/^ *$/ { next }
+
+/^#\tUpdated through/ || /^#\tFile expires on:/ {
+    last_lines = last_lines $0 "\n"
+}
+
+/^#/ { next }
+
+{
+    NTP_timestamp = $1
+    TAI_minus_UTC = $2
+    hash_mark = $3
+    one = $4
+    month = $5
+    year = $6
+    if (old_TAI_minus_UTC) {
+	if (old_TAI_minus_UTC < TAI_minus_UTC) {
+	    sign = "23:59:60\t+"
+	} else {
+	    sign = "23:59:59\t-"
+	}
+	if (month == "Jan") {
+	    year--;
+	    month = "Dec";
+	    day = 31
+	} else if (month == "Jul") {
+	    month = "Jun";
+	    day = 30
+	}
+	printf "Leap\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\tS\n", year, month, day, sign
+    }
+    old_TAI_minus_UTC = TAI_minus_UTC
+}
+
+END {
+    printf "\n%s", last_lines
+}

Property changes on: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/leapseconds.awk
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:keywords
## -0,0 +1 ##
+FreeBSD=%H
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+text/plain
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Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/northamerica
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/northamerica	(revision 309576)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/northamerica	(revision 309577)
@@ -1,3291 +1,3361 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
 
 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # United States
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
 # His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
 # in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
-# His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
-# and the most of the country soon followed suit.
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-21):
+# Dowd's proposal left many details unresolved, such as where to draw
+# lines between time zones.  The key individual who made time zones
+# work in the US was William Frederick Allen - railway engineer,
+# managing editor of the Travelers' Guide, and secretary of the
+# General Time Convention, a railway standardization group.  Allen
+# spent months in dialogs with scientific and railway leaders,
+# developed a workable plan to institute time zones, and presented it
+# to the General Time Convention on 1883-04-11, saying that his plan
+# meant "local time would be practically abolished" - a plus for
+# railway scheduling.  By the next convention on 1883-10-11 nearly all
+# railroads had agreed and it took effect on 1883-11-18 at 12:00.
+# That Sunday was called the "day of two noons", as the eastern parts
+# of the new zones observed noon twice.  Allen witnessed the
+# transition in New York City, writing:
+#
+#   I heard the bells of St. Paul's strike on the old time.  Four
+#   minutes later, obedient to the electrical signal from the Naval
+#   Observatory ... the time-ball made its rapid descent, the chimes
+#   of old Trinity rang twelve measured strokes, and local time was
+#   abandoned, probably forever.
+#
+# Most of the US soon followed suit.  See:
+# Bartky IR. The adoption of standard time. Technol Cult 1989 Jan;30(1):25-56.
+# http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105430
+
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
 # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
 # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
 # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
 # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
 # in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
 # of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
 #
 #	I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
 #	agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
 #	daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
 #	I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
 #	valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen.  As an admirer
 #	of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
 #	reduce my time for enjoying it.  At the back of the Daylight Saving
 #	scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
 #	to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
 #	them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
 #
 #	 -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
 #	   Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
 #
 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
 # Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
 # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
 # http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
 #
 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
 # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
 # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
 
 # From Arthur David Olson:
 # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
 # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
 # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson:
 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
 # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
 # An AltaVista search turned up:
 # http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.'  Peace is wonderful."
 # (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
 
 # From Joseph Gallant citing
 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
 # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
 # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
 # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
 # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
 # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
 # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout.  From
 # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
 #
 # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
 # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
 # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
 # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
 # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
 # importance."
 #
 # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
 # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
 # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
 # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
 #
 # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
 # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
 # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
 # U.S. government action.  So even though the "US" rules have changed
 # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	US	1918	1919	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1918	1919	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	US	1942	only	-	Feb	9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	US	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	US	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	US	1967	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	US	1967	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1974	only	-	Jan	6	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1975	only	-	Feb	23	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1976	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 
 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
 # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
 # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
 # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
 # this time zone package.
 # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
 # a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
 # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
 # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
 # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	EST		 -5:00	-	EST
 Zone	MST		 -7:00	-	MST
 Zone	HST		-10:00	-	HST
 Zone	EST5EDT		 -5:00	US	E%sT
 Zone	CST6CDT		 -6:00	US	C%sT
 Zone	MST7MDT		 -7:00	US	M%sT
 Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
 
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
 #    old			 new
 #    Pacific Standard Time(PST)  -same-
 #    Yukon Standard Time(YST)    -same-
 #    Central Alaska S.T. (CAT)   Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
 #    Nome Standard Time (NT)     Bering Standard Time (BST)
 #
 # ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
 #    The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
 #    of the Aleutian islands.   No DST.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 # The tables below use 'NST', not 'NT', for Nome Standard Time.
 # I invented 'CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
 
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
 # USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  CENTRAL       6 H  BEHIND UTC    CHICAGO, HOUSTON
 # USA  CENTRAL       5 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  MOUNTAIN      7 H  BEHIND UTC    DENVER
 # USA  MOUNTAIN      6 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  PACIFIC       8 H  BEHIND UTC    L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
 # USA  PACIFIC       7 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  ALASKA STD    9 H  BEHIND UTC    MOST OF ALASKA     (AKST)
 # USA  ALASKA STD    8 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
 # USA  ALEUTIAN     10 H  BEHIND UTC    ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
 # USA    "           9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
 # USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
 # The above dates are for 1988.
 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
 # Aleutians.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward.  First, names
 # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
 #	(none)
 #	United States standard eastern time
 #	United States standard mountain time
 #	United States standard central time
 #	United States standard Pacific time
 #	(none)
 #	United States standard Alaska time
 #	(none)
 # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
 # public law 98-181):
 #	Atlantic standard time
 #	eastern standard time
 #	central standard time
 #	mountain standard time
 #	Pacific standard time
 #	Yukon standard time
 #	Alaska-Hawaii standard time
 #	Bering standard time
 # And after 1983-11-30:
 #	Atlantic standard time
 #	eastern standard time
 #	central standard time
 #	mountain standard time
 #	Pacific standard time
 #	Alaska standard time
 #	Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
 #	Samoa standard time
 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
 # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced ... "Chamorro Standard Time"
 # for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.  See the file "australasia".
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-17):
 # HST and HDT are standardized abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian
 # standard and daylight times.  See section 9.47 (p 234) of the
 # U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual (2008)
 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008/pdf/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008.pdf
 
 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
 #
 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
 #   (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
 #   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
 #     (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
 #     Sunday of March"; and
 #     (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
 #     Sunday of November'.
 #   (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
 #   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
 #   (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
 #   date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
 #   on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
 #   States.
 #   (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
 #   Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
 #   Department study is complete.
 
 # US eastern time, represented by New York
 
 # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
 # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
 # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
 # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
 # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
 # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
 
 # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
 # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
 # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
 # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
 # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
 # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
 # According to today's Huntsville Times
 # http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time."  It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
 # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
 # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
 # in Columbus."
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
 # Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
 # says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of
 # Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch.  Round to the
 # nearest second.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	NYC	1920	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NYC	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NYC	1921	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NYC	1921	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NYC	1955	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/New_York	-4:56:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1920
 			-5:00	NYC	E%sT	1942
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	NYC	E%sT	1967
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 
 # US central time, represented by Chicago
 
 # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
 # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
 # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
 # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
 # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
 # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
 # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
 
 # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0175.pdf ...
 # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change.  Because the local
 # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
 # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
 # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
 #
 # From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
 # Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
 # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
 
+# From an email administrator of the City of Fort Pierre, SD (2015-12-21):
+# Fort Pierre is technically located in the Mountain time zone as is
+# the rest of Stanley County.  Most of Stanley County and Fort Pierre
+# uses the Central time zone due to doing most of their business in
+# Pierre so it simplifies schedules.  I have lived in Stanley County
+# all my life and it has been that way since I can remember.  (43 years!)
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-12-25):
+# Assume this practice predates 1970, so Fort Pierre can use America/Chicago.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Chicago	1920	only	-	Jun	13	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Chicago	1920	1921	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Chicago	1921	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Chicago	1922	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Chicago	1922	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Chicago	1955	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Chicago	-5:50:36 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1920
 			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1936 Mar  1  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1936 Nov 15  2:00
 			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1942
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1967
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1992 Oct 25  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
 # See .
 # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
 # See .
 Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	2003 Oct 26  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
 # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
 # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
 # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
 # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
 
 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
 # largest city in Mercer County).  Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
 # at 47 degrees 15' 51" N, 101 degrees 46' 40" W, which yields an offset
 # of 6h47'07".
 
 Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	2010 Nov  7  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
 #
 # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
 # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
 # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
 # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
 # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Denver	1920	1921	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Denver	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Denver	1921	only	-	May	22	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Denver	1965	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Denver	1965	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Denver	-6:59:56 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1920
 			-7:00	Denver	M%sT	1942
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1946
 			-7:00	Denver	M%sT	1967
 			-7:00	US	M%sT
 
 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
 #
 # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
 # Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
 # north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
 # Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern 3/4 of
 # Malheur county), and Washington
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20):
+# In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage,
+# PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours,
+# causing electric clocks to lose six minutes per day.  (This did not change
+# legal time, and is not part of the data here.)  See:
+# Ross SA. An energy crisis from the past: Northern California in 1948.
+# Working Paper No. 8, Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley,
+# 1973-11.  http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x22k30c
 #
+# In another measure to save electricity, DST was instituted from 1948-03-14
+# at 02:01 to 1949-01-16 at 02:00, with the governor having the option to move
+# the fallback transition earlier.  See pages 3-4 of:
+# http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/1948/48Vol1_Chapters.pdf
+#
+# In response:
+#
+#   Governor Warren received a torrent of objecting mail, and it is not too much
+#   to speculate that the objections to Daylight Saving Time were one important
+#   factor in the defeat of the Dewey-Warren Presidential ticket in California.
+#     -- Ross, p 25
+#
+# On December 8 the governor exercised the option, setting the date to January 1
+# (LA Times 1948-12-09).  The transition time was 02:00 (LA Times 1949-01-01).
+#
+# Despite the controversy, in 1949 California voters approved Proposition 12,
+# which established DST from April's last Sunday at 01:00 until September's
+# last Sunday at 02:00. This was amended by 1962's Proposition 6, which changed
+# the fall-back date to October's last Sunday. See:
+# http://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501&context=ca_ballot_props
+# http://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1636&context=ca_ballot_props
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
-Rule	CA	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	CA	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:01	1:00	D
 Rule	CA	1949	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	0	S
-Rule	CA	1950	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	CA	1950	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	CA	1950	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	CA	1962	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1967
 			-8:00	US	P%sT
 
 # Alaska
 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
 # This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
 # also a Friday.  Include only the time zone part of this transition,
 # ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
 # the Julian calendar.
 #
 # As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
 # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
 # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
 # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  However, there
 # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
 # it's best to simply use the official transition.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
 # One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
 # daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
 # "Welcome to Juneau.  Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
 # See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
 # http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
 #
 # Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
 # Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
 # Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
 # http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
 # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
 #
 # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
 # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
 # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
 # Pacific Time.
 #
 # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
 # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
 # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
 #
 # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
 # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
 #
 # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
 # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
 #
 # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
 # Nation.)
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
 # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
 # Community office (using contact information available at
 # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
 # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
 # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
 # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
 # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
 # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-11-09):
+# It seems Metlakatla did go off PST on Sunday, November 1, changing
+# their time to AKST and are going to follow Alaska's DST, switching
+# between AKST and AKDT from now on....
+# http://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Juneau	 15:02:19 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:57:41 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1980 Apr 27  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1980 Oct 26  2:00
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Sitka	 14:58:47 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:01:13 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Metlakatla	 15:13:42 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:46:18 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
-			 -8:00	-	PST
+			 -8:00	-	PST	2015 Nov  1  2:00
+			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Yakutat	 14:41:05 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:18:55 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -9:00	-	YST	1942
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1946
 			 -9:00	-	YST	1969
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Anchorage	 14:00:24 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:59:36 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			-10:00	-	CAT	1942
 			-10:00	US	CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
 			-10:00	US	CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
 			-10:00	-	CAT	1967 Apr
 			-10:00	-	AHST	1969
 			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Nome	 12:58:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			-11:01:38 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			-11:00	-	NST	1942
 			-11:00	US	N%sT	1946
 			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr
 			-11:00	-	BST	1969
 			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			-11:46:38 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			-11:00	-	NST	1942
 			-11:00	US	N%sT	1946
 			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr
 			-11:00	-	BST	1969
 			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			-10:00	US	H%sT
 # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
 #
 # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
 # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
 # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
 #
 # From David Flater (2004-11-09):
 # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
 # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
 # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
 # possibly until 1983:
 #
 #  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
 #  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
 #  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
 #  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
 #  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
 #  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
 #  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
 #  three votes for and one against."
 
 # Hawaii
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
 # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
 # the article is available at
 # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
 # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
 # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
 # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
 # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
 # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
 # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
 # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
 # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
 # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
 # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
 # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
 # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
 # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
 # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
 # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
 # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
 # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
 # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
 # Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
 # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
 # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
 # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
 # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
 # of the Territory of Hawaii."
 #
 # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
 # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Honolulu	-10:31:26 -	LMT	1896 Jan 13 12:00
 			-10:30	-	HST	1933 Apr 30  2:00
 			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1933 May 21 12:00
 			-10:30	-	HST	1942 Feb  9  2:00
 			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1945 Sep 30  2:00
 			-10:30	-	HST	1947 Jun  8  2:00
 			-10:00	-	HST
 Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
 
 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
 
 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
 #
 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
 # Daylight Saving Time web page
 #  (2002-01-23)
 # maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
 # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time.  The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
 # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
 # the date the state's clocks would change.  In 1945 the State of
 # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
 # mandated by federal law.  Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
 # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
 #
 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Phoenix	-7:28:18 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Jan  1  0:01
 			-7:00	-	MST	1944 Apr  1  0:01
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Oct  1  0:01
 			-7:00	-	MST	1967
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1968 Mar 21
 			-7:00	-	MST
 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
 # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
 # large size and location in three states."  (The "only" means that other
 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
 # See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
 
 # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
 # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
 # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
 # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
 # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
 # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
 # switched four weeks late in 1974.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Boise	-7:44:49 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	1923 May 13  2:00
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1974
 			-7:00	-	MST	1974 Feb  3  2:00
 			-7:00	US	M%sT
 
 # Indiana
 #
 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
 # with the following exceptions:
 #
 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 #   Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
 #
 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
 #
 # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
 #   America/Kentucky/Louisville.
 #
 # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
 #   and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
 #
 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
 # and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
 # Those Hoosiers!  Such a flighty and changeable people!
 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
 #
 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
 # https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
 # says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
 # this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
 # Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
 # clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error.  The intent
 # was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
 # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
 # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Indianapolis 1941	only	-	Jun	22	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Indianapolis 1941	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Indianapolis 1946	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1920
 			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1942
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1955 Apr 24  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1957 Sep 29  2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1958 Apr 27  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
 # as well as from 1976 through 2005.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Marengo	1951	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Marengo	1951	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Marengo	1954	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Marengo	1954	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1951
 			-6:00	Marengo	C%sT	1961 Apr 30  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6  2:00
 			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1976
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
 # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
 # in November 2007.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Vincennes	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Vincennes	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Vincennes	1953	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Vincennes	1953	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Vincennes	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule Vincennes	1956	1963	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Vincennes	1960	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Vincennes	1961	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Vincennes	1962	1963	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Vincennes	C%sT	1964 Apr 26  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Perry	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Perry	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Perry	1953	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Perry	1953	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Perry	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule Perry	1956	1963	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Perry	1960	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Perry	1961	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Perry	1962	1963	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Perry	C%sT	1964 Apr 26  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 #
 # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
 # then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Pike	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Pike	1955	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Pike	1956	1964	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Pike	1961	1964	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1955
 			-6:00	Pike	C%sT	1965 Apr 25  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1966 Oct 30  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1977 Oct 30  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
 # then switched back in 2006.
 # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
 # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
 # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
 # 1991-10-27.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Starke	1947	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Starke	1947	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Starke	1955	1956	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Starke	1957	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Starke	1959	1961	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1947
 			-6:00	Starke	C%sT	1962 Apr 29  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1963 Oct 27  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1991 Oct 27  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 #
 # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
 # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Pulaski	1946	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Pulaski	1946	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Pulaski	1955	1956	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Pulaski	1957	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00	Pulaski	C%sT	1961 Apr 30  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Mar 11  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1954 Apr 25  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1973
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 
 # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
 # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Louisville	1921	only	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Louisville	1921	only	-	Sep	1	2:00	0	S
 Rule Louisville	1941	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Louisville	1941	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Louisville	1946	only	-	Jun	2	2:00	0	S
 Rule Louisville	1950	1955	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Louisville	1956	1960	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1921
 			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1942
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1961 Jul 23  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1968
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6  2:00
 			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Wayne County, Kentucky
 #
 # From Lake Cumberland LIFE
 # http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
 # (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
 # the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
 # the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
 # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
 # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
 # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
 # location in the Central time zone.
 #
 # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
 # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
 # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
 # (-0500) time.  They won't "fall back" this year.  See Sara Shipley,
 # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
 # The final rule was published in the
 # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
 # http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22
 #
 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00	-	CST	1968
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 
 
 # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
 # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
 # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
 #	previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
 # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
 # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
 # so omit that change for now.
 # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
 # 1999-10-31.  See the
 # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
 # http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15
 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
 
 # Michigan
 #
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
 # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
 # that Detroit kept
 #
 #	local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
 #	be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
 #	city obeyed, half refused.  After considerable debate, the decision
 #	was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time.  A derisive offer to
 #	erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
 #	Committee on Sewers.  Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
 #	by city vote.
 #
 # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
 # Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
 # one hour in 1914."  This change is not in Shanks.  We have no more
 # info, so omit this for now.
 #
 # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Detroit	1948	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Detroit	1948	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Detroit	1967	only	-	Jun	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Detroit	1967	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Detroit	-5:32:11 -	LMT	1905
 			-6:00	-	CST	1915 May 15  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1942
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	Detroit	E%sT	1973
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1975
 			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Apr 27  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
 # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Menominee	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Menominee	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Menominee	1966	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Menominee	1966	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Menominee	C%sT	1969 Apr 27  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1973 Apr 29  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # Navassa
 # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
 # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
 # also claimed by Haiti
 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
 # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
 # currently uninhabited
 # see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
 # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
 
 ################################################################################
 
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
 # Other sources occasionally used include:
 #
 #	Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 #	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
 #	which I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 #	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
 #	
 #	[PDF] (1914-03)
 #
 #	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
 #	.
 #
 # See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
 
 # Canada
 
 # From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
 #
 #	UTC	Standard time	Daylight saving time
 #	offset	French	English	French	English
 #	-2:30	-	-	HAT	NDT
 #	-3	-	-	HAA	ADT
 #	-3:30	HNT	NST	-	-
 #	-4	HNA	AST	HAE	EDT
 #	-5	HNE	EST	HAC	CDT
 #	-6	HNC	CST	HAR	MDT
 #	-7	HNR	MST	HAP	PDT
 #	-8	HNP	PST	HAY	YDT
 #	-9	HNY	YST	-	-
 #
 #	HN: Heure Normale	ST: Standard Time
 #	HA: Heure Avancée	DT: Daylight saving Time
 #
 #	A: de l'Atlantique	Atlantic
 #	C: du Centre		Central
 #	E: de l'Est		Eastern
 #	M:			Mountain
 #	N:			Newfoundland
 #	P: du Pacifique		Pacific
 #	R: des Rocheuses
 #	T: de Terre-Neuve
 #	Y: du Yukon		Yukon
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
 
 # Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
 # & Pottenger.
 
 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
 # 2007-03-01):
 # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
 # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
 # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
 # http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
 # ...
 # Nova Scotia
 # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
 # http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
 #
 # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
 # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
 # http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
 # ...
 # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
 # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
 # http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
 # ...
 # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
 # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
 # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
 # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
 # ...
 # P.E.I. will follow US rules....
 # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
 # ...
 # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
 # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
 # ...
 # Yukon
 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
 # ...
 # N.W.T. will follow US rules.  Whoever maintains the government web site
 # does not seem to believe in bookmarks.  To see the news release, click the
 # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change".  Press the
 # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
 # JavaScript.
 # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
 # ...
 # Nunavut
 # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
 # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-18):
 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
 # contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
 #
 # National Research Council Canada maintains info about time zones and DST.
 # http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html
 # http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/faq/index.html#Q5
 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
 # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
 # new US DST rules,
 
 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
 # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
 # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
 # The quote includes these two statements:
 # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
 # '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
 # These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
 # that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918.  This transition was
 # also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
 
 # In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
 # Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
 # than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Canada	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Canada	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Canada	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Canada	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Canada	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Canada	1974	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Canada	1974	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Canada	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Canada	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Canada	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 
 
 # Newfoundland and Labrador
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
 # but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
 # southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
 # but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	StJohns	1917	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00	0	S
 # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	StJohns	1919	only	-	May	 5	23:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1919	only	-	Aug	12	23:00	0	S
 # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	StJohns	1920	1935	-	May	Sun>=1	23:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1920	1935	-	Oct	lastSun	23:00	0	S
 # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
 # Pottenger.
 Rule	StJohns	1936	1941	-	May	Mon>=9	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1936	1941	-	Oct	Mon>=2	0:00	0	S
 # Whitman gives the following transitions:
 # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
 # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
 # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
 # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	StJohns	1946	1950	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1946	1950	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00	0	S
 Rule	StJohns	1951	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1951	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	StJohns	1960	1986	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
 # at 00:01 local time.  For now, assume it started in 1987.
 
 # From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
 # We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
 # changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
 # The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
 # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
 # now occurs at 2:00AM.
 # ...
 # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
 # ...
 # MICHAEL PELLEY  |  Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
 # Office of the Chief Information Officer
 # Executive Council
 # Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
 
 Rule	StJohns	1987	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1987	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:01	0	S
 Rule	StJohns	1988	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	2:00	DD
 Rule	StJohns	1989	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	2007	2011	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	2007	2010	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:01	0	S
 #
 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/St_Johns	-3:30:52 -	LMT	1884
 			-3:30:52 StJohns N%sT	1918
 			-3:30:52 Canada	N%sT	1919
 			-3:30:52 StJohns N%sT	1935 Mar 30
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1942 May 11
 			-3:30	Canada	N%sT	1946
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	2011 Nov
 			-3:30	Canada	N%sT
 
 # most of east Labrador
 
 # The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Goose_Bay	-4:01:40 -	LMT	1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
 			-3:30:52 -	NST	1918
 			-3:30:52 Canada N%sT	1919
 			-3:30:52 -	NST	1935 Mar 30
 			-3:30	-	NST	1936
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1942 May 11
 			-3:30	Canada	N%sT	1946
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1966 Mar 15  2:00
 			-4:00	StJohns	A%sT	2011 Nov
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 
 
 # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
 
 # From Brian Inglis (2015-07-20):
 # From the historical weather station records available at:
 # https://weatherspark.com/history/28351/1971/Sydney-Nova-Scotia-Canada
 # Sydney shares the same time history as Glace Bay, so was
 # likely to be the same across the island....
 # Sydney, as the capital and most populous location, or Cape Breton, would
 # have been better names for the zone had we known this in 1996.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-20):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
 # Halifax.  Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
 # the Cape Breton area, represented by Glace Bay, is the largest we know of
 # (Glace Bay was perhaps not the best name choice but no point changing now).
 # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
 # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
 # this is a typo.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Halifax	1916	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1920	only	-	May	 9	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1920	only	-	Aug	29	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1921	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1921	1922	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1922	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1923	1925	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1923	only	-	Sep	 4	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1924	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1925	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1926	only	-	May	16	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1926	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1927	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1927	only	-	Sep	26	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1928	1931	-	May	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1928	only	-	Sep	 9	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1929	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1930	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1931	1932	-	Sep	Mon>=24	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1932	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1933	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1933	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1934	only	-	May	20	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1934	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1935	only	-	Jun	 2	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1935	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1936	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1936	only	-	Sep	14	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1937	1938	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1937	1941	-	Sep	Mon>=24	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1939	only	-	May	28	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1940	1941	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1946	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1946	1949	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1951	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1951	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1956	1959	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1956	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1962	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1962	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Halifax	-4:14:24 -	LMT	1902 Jun 15
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1918
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1919
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1946
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1974
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 Zone America/Glace_Bay	-3:59:48 -	LMT	1902 Jun 15
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1953
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1954
 			-4:00	-	AST	1972
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1974
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 
 # New Brunswick
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
 # The Time Definition Act 
 # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
 #  makes it
 # clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
 # For now, assume it started in 1993.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Moncton	1933	1935	-	Jun	Sun>=8	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1933	1935	-	Sep	Sun>=8	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1936	1938	-	Jun	Sun>=1	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1936	1938	-	Sep	Sun>=1	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1939	only	-	May	27	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1939	1941	-	Sep	Sat>=21	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1940	only	-	May	19	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1941	only	-	May	 4	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1946	1972	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1946	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1957	1972	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:01	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Moncton	-4:19:08 -	LMT	1883 Dec  9
 			-5:00	-	EST	1902 Jun 15
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1933
 			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	1942
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1946
 			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	1973
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1993
 			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	2007
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 
 # Quebec
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
 # See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal.
 #
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
 # The Quebec department of justice writes in
 # "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
 # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
 # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
 # observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
 # http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 -	LMT	1884
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1970
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Ontario
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
 # Toronto.
 # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
 # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
 # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
 # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
 
 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
 # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
 # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
 # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
 # have already done so.  In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
 # only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
 # presumably that should be -07-06.  (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
 # earlier in June).
 #
 # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
 # He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
 # http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
 #
 #	The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
 #	This means they spend about half the time on central time and
 #	the other half on eastern time.
 #
 #	For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
 #
 #	"The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
 #	Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
 #	said.  "I don't see any changes happening here."
 #
 # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
 # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
 
 # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
 # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
 # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
 # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
 # time keeping since 1952, at least.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
 # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
 # McKinnon sounds more authoritative.  For now, assume that Atikokan
 # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
 # ended.  This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
 # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
 # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
 
 # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
 #
 # Currently the database has:
 #
 # # Ontario
 #
 # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
 # # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
 # # Toronto.
 # # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
 # # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
 # # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
 #
 # In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
 # right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
 # time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
 #
 #     The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
 #     except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
 #
 # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
 #
 # I only came across this incidentally.  I don't know if Windsor began
 # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
 #
 # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
 #
 #     Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
 #     three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
 #
 # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
 # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
 # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
 # was available at
 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
 #
 # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
 #
 #   A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
 # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
 # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
 # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
 # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
 # for the other provinces only approximate:
 #
 #	Province	Daylight saving time used
 # Prince Edward Island	Not used.
 # Nova Scotia		In Halifax only.
 # New Brunswick		In St. John only.
 # Quebec		In the following places:
 #			Montreal	Lachine
 #			Quebec		Mont-Royal
 #			Lévis		Iberville
 #			St. Lambert	Cap de la Madelèine
 #			Verdun		Loretteville
 #			Westmount	Richmond
 #			Outremont	St. Jérôme
 #			Longueuil	Greenfield Park
 #			Arvida		Waterloo
 #			Chambly-Canton	Beaulieu
 #			Melbourne	La Tuque
 #			St. Théophile	Buckingham
 # Ontario		Used generally in the cities and towns along
 #			the southerly part of the province. Not
 #			used in the northwesterly part.
 # Manitoba		Not used.
 # Saskatchewan		In Regina only.
 # Alberta		Not used.
 # British Columbia	Not used.
 #
 #   With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
 # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Toronto	1919	only	-	Mar	30	23:30	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1919	only	-	Oct	26	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1920	only	-	May	 2	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1920	only	-	Sep	26	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1921	only	-	May	15	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1921	only	-	Sep	15	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1922	1923	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
 # was meant.
 Rule	Toronto	1922	1926	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1924	1927	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
 # Rule	Toronto	1927	1937	-	Sep	Sun>=25	2:00	0	S
 # Rule	Toronto	1928	1937	-	Apr	Sun>=25	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	Toronto	1938	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	Toronto	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
 # (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
 Rule	Toronto	1927	1932	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1928	1931	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1932	only	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1933	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1933	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1934	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1945	1946	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1947	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1947	1948	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1949	only	-	Nov	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1950	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1950	only	-	Nov	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1951	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
 # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
 # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
 # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
 Rule	Toronto	1957	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
 # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
 # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
 # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
 # Saskatchewan, for one year."
 
 # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
 # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
 # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
 # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
 # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
 # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
 # include the Thunder Bay area....  When Canada adopted daylight
 # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
 # already, did not change their clocks....  During the Second World
 # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
 # months for the remainder of the war years.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Toronto	-5:17:32 -	LMT	1895
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
 			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1974
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 -	LMT	1895
 			-6:00	-	CST	1910
 			-5:00	-	EST	1942
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1970
 			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1973
 			-5:00	-	EST	1974
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 Zone America/Nipigon	-5:53:04 -	LMT	1895
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1940 Sep 29
 			-5:00	1:00	EDT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 -	LMT	1895
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1940 Sep 29
 			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 Zone America/Atikokan	-6:06:28 -	LMT	1895
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1940 Sep 29
 			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1945 Sep 30  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 
 # Manitoba
 
 # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
 # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
 # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
 # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
 # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
 # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
 # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
 # starting 1966.  Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
 # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Winn	1916	only	-	Apr	23	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1916	only	-	Sep	17	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1937	only	-	May	16	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1937	only	-	Sep	26	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Winn	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Winn	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1946	only	-	May	12	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1946	only	-	Oct	13	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1947	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1947	1949	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1950	only	-	May	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1950	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1951	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1951	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1960	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1963	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1963	only	-	Sep	22	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1966	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1966	2005	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1987	2005	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Winnipeg	-6:28:36 -	LMT	1887 Jul 16
 			-6:00	Winn	C%sT	2006
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 
 
 # Saskatchewan
 
 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
 # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
 # level.  As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
 # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
 # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
 # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
 # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
 # the summer".  The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
 # time was noted.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
 # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
 # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
 # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
 # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
 # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
 
 # From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
 # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
 # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
 # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
 # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
 #
 # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
 # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
 # their affiliations in one direction or the other.  In 1965 a provincial
 # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
 #
 # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
 # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
 # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
 # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
 # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
 # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
 # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
 #
 # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
 # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
 # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
 # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
 # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
 # since sometime in the 1960s.
 
 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
 # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
 # long and rather painful to read.
 # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Regina	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1930	1934	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1930	1934	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1937	1941	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1937	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1938	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1939	1941	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Regina	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Regina	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1946	only	-	Apr	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1946	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1947	1957	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1947	1957	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1959	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 #
 Rule	Swift	1957	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Swift	1957	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Swift	1959	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Swift	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Swift	1960	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Regina	-6:58:36 -	LMT	1905 Sep
 			-7:00	Regina	M%sT	1960 Apr lastSun  2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST
 Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 -	LMT	1905 Sep
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT	1946 Apr lastSun  2:00
 			-7:00	Regina	M%sT	1950
 			-7:00	Swift	M%sT	1972 Apr lastSun  2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST
 
 
 # Alberta
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Edm	1918	1919	-	Apr	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1919	only	-	May	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1920	1923	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1921	1923	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Edm	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Edm	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1947	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1947	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1967	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1967	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1969	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1969	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1972	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1972	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Edmonton	-7:33:52 -	LMT	1906 Sep
 			-7:00	Edm	M%sT	1987
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 
 
 # British Columbia
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
 # been like Vancouver.
 # Dawson Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
 
 # It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
 
 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
 # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
 # that do not currently observe daylight saving:
 # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
 # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
 # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
 
 # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
 # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
 # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
 # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
 # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
 
 # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
 # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain.  I e-mailed Tammy a few months
 # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess.  She said it was just
 # as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing
 # the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
 # subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
 # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
 
 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
 # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
 # Exact date unknown
 # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
 # Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
 # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
 # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
 # note 1:
 # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
 # Creston did not change its clocks.
 # note 2:
 # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
 # Creston did not oblige.
 # note 3:
 # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
 # (UTC-7) forever.
 # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
 # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
 
 # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
 # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
 # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
 # the change.  It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
 # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
 # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
 
 # The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
 
 # From Matt Johnson (2015-09-21):
 # Fort Nelson, BC, Canada will cancel DST this year.  So while previously they
 # were aligned with America/Vancouver, they're now aligned with
 # America/Dawson_Creek.
 # http://www.northernrockies.ca/EN/meta/news/archives/2015/northern-rockies-time-change.html
 #
 # From Tim Parenti (2015-09-23):
 # This requires a new zone for the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality,
 # America/Fort_Nelson.  The resolution of 2014-12-08 was reached following a
 # 2014-11-15 poll with nearly 75% support.  Effectively, the municipality has
 # been on MST (-0700) like Dawson Creek since it advanced its clocks on
 # 2015-03-08.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
 # Shanks says Fort Nelson did not observe DST in 1946, unlike Vancouver.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Vanc	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Vanc	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Vanc	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Vanc	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Vanc	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Vanc	1946	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Vanc	1946	only	-	Oct	13	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Vanc	1947	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Vanc	1962	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Vancouver	-8:12:28 -	LMT	1884
 			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1987
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -	LMT	1884
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT	1947
 			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1972 Aug 30  2:00
 			-7:00	-	MST
 Zone America/Fort_Nelson	-8:10:47 -	LMT	1884
 			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1946
 			-8:00	-	PST	1947
 			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1987
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT	2015 Mar  8  2:00
 			-7:00	-	MST
 Zone America/Creston	-7:46:04 -	LMT	1884
 			-7:00	-	MST	1916 Oct 1
 			-8:00	-	PST	1918 Jun 2
 			-7:00	-	MST
 
 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
 # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
 #	* 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
 #	c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9....
 #	see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
 #	[http://canlii.ca/t/7vhg]
 #	* C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
 #	* O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
 #	* O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
 
 # From Brian Inglis (2015-04-14):
 #
 # I tried to trace the history of Yukon time and found the following
 # regulations, giving the reference title and URL if found, regulation name,
 # and relevant quote if available.  Each regulation specifically revokes its
 # predecessor.  The final reference is to the current Interpretation Act
 # authorizing and resulting from these regulatory changes.
 #
 # Only recent regulations were retrievable via Yukon government site search or
 # index, and only some via Canadian legal sources.  Other sources used include
 # articles titled "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" from JRASC via ADS
 # Abstracts, cited by ADO for 1932 ..., and updated versions from 1958 and
 # 1970 quoted below; each article includes current extracts from provincial
 # and territorial ST and DST regulations at the end, summaries and details of
 # standard times and daylight saving time at many locations across Canada,
 # with time zone maps, tables and calculations for Canadian Sunrise, Sunset,
 # and LMST; they also cover many countries and global locations, with a chart
 # and table showing current Universal Time offsets, and may be useful as
 # another source of information for 1970 and earlier.
 #
 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; JRASC, Vol. 26,
 #   pp.49-77; February 1932; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
 #   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JRASC..26...49S from p.75:
 #   Yukon Interpretation Ordinance
 #   Yukon standard time is the local mean time at the one hundred and
 #   thirty-fifth meridian.
 #
 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; Thomson, Malcolm M.;
 #   JRASC, Vol. 52, pp.193-223; October 1958; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
 #   (ADS) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958JRASC..52..193S from pp.220-1:
 #   Yukon Interpretation Ordinance, 1955, Chap. 16.
 #
 #     (1) Subject to this section, standard time shall be reckoned as nine
 #     hours behind Greenwich Time and called Yukon Standard Time.
 #
 #     (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Commissioner may make regulations
 #     varying the manner of reckoning standard time.
 #
 # * Yukon Territory Commissioner's Order 1966-20 Interpretation Ordinance
 #   http://? - no online source found
 #
 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Thomson, Malcolm M.; JRASC,
 #   Vol. 64, pp.129-162; June 1970; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
 #   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970JRASC..64..129T from p.156: Yukon
 #   Territory Commissioner's Order 1967-59 Interpretation Ordinance ...
 #
 #     1. Commissioner's Order 1966-20 dated at Whitehorse in the Yukon
 #     Territory on 27th January, 1966, is hereby revoked.
 #
 #     2. Yukon (East) Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the
 #     Interpretation Ordinance from and after mid-night on the 28th day of May,
 #     1967 shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that
 #     is to say, eight hours behind Greenwich Time in the area of the Yukon
 #     Territory lying east of the 138th degree longitude west.
 #
 #     3. In the remainder of the Territory, lying west of the 138th degree
 #     longitude west, Yukon (West) Standard Time shall be reckoned as nine
 #     hours behind Greenwich Time.
 #
 # * Yukon Standard Time defined as Pacific Standard Time, YCO 1973/214
 #   http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yco-1973-214/latest/yco-1973-214.html
 #   C.O. 1973/214 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
 #
 #     1. Effective October 28, 1973 Commissioner's Order 1967/59 is hereby
 #     revoked.
 #
 #     2. Yukon Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the Interpretation
 #     Act from and after midnight on the twenty-eighth day of October, 1973
 #     shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that is
 #     to say eight hours behind Greenwich Time.
 #
 # * O.I.C. 1980/02 INTERPRETATION ACT
 #   http://? - no online source found
 #
 # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time, YOIC 1987/56
 #   http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-1987-56/latest/yoic-1987-56.html
 #   O.I.C. 1987/056 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
 #
 #   In every year between
 #     (a) two o'clock in the morning in the first Sunday in April, and
 #     (b) two o'clock in the morning in the last Sunday in October,
 #   Standard Time shall be reckoned as seven hours behind Greenwich Time and
 #   called Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
 #   ...
 #   Dated ... 9th day of March, A.D., 1987.
 #
 # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time 2006, YOIC 2006/127
 #   http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-2006-127/latest/yoic-2006-127.html
 #   O.I.C. 2006/127 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
 #
 #     1. In Yukon each year the time for general purposes shall be 7 hours
 #     behind Greenwich mean time during the period commencing at two o'clock
 #     in the forenoon on the second Sunday of March and ending at two o'clock
 #     in the forenoon on the first Sunday of November and shall be called
 #     Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
 #
 #     2. Order-in-Council 1987/56 is revoked.
 #
 #     3. This order comes into force January 1, 2007.
 #
 # * Interpretation Act, RSY 2002, c 125
 # http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/stat/rsy-2002-c-125/latest/rsy-2002-c-125.html
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
 # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
 #
 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
 # http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
 # (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
 # Pangnirtung wobbled.  Here is the result of their wobble:
 #
 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
 #
 #	First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
 #	Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
 #
 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
 #
 #	Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
 #
 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
 # the current state of affairs.
 
 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
 # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
 # for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
 # for these potential new Zones.
 #
 # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
 # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
 # zone] skip daylight savings.  Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
 # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
 # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
 # required to use daylight savings.
 
 # From 
 # Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
 # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
 # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
 # the rest of the territory for the winter.  Cambridge Bay remained on
 # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
 # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
 # unified time zone in 1999.
 #
 # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
 # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
 # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
 # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
 # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
 # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern).  Of the
 # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
 # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round.  I'm
 # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
 # more.
 # [Also see  (2001-03-09).]
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
 # According to ...
 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
 # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
 # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
 # round.  Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
 # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
 # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
 # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-17):
 # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
 # daylight saving only during wartime.  Gwillim Law's email also
 # mentioned maps now maintained by National Research Council Canada;
 # see above for an up-to-date link.
 
 # From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
 # ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
 # Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
 # Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
 # daylight saving....
 # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
 
 # From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
 # Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
 # Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
 # the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
 # decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
 #
 # According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
 # went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
 #
 # On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
 # 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
 # talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
 # to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
 # explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
 # (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
 # i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
 # had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
 # so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
 #
 # On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
 # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
 # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
 # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
 # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
 # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
 # and worked in Resolute Bay...
 #
 # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
 # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
 # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
 # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
 # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
 # tell me when the practice had stopped.
 #
 # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
 # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
 # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
 # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
 # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
 # Aziz:
 # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
 #
 # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
 # Eastern Standard Time.
 #
 # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
 # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
 # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
 # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
 #
 # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
 #
 # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
 # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
 # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
 # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
 #
 # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
 # never have contacted her.  I now believe that all the information I
 # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
 # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NT_YK	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NT_YK	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1919	only	-	May	25	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NT_YK	1919	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	NT_YK	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	NT_YK	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1965	only	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	2:00	DD
 Rule	NT_YK	1965	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1980	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NT_YK	1980	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # aka Panniqtuuq
-Zone America/Pangnirtung 0	-	zzz	1921 # trading post est.
+Zone America/Pangnirtung 0	-	-00	1921 # trading post est.
 			-4:00	NT_YK	A%sT	1995 Apr Sun>=1  2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 # formerly Frobisher Bay
-Zone America/Iqaluit	0	-	zzz	1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
+Zone America/Iqaluit	0	-	-00	1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
 			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 # aka Qausuittuq
-Zone America/Resolute	0	-	zzz	1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
+Zone America/Resolute	0	-	-00	1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
 			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2006 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2007 Mar 11  3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 # aka Kangiqiniq
-Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0	-	zzz	1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
+Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0	-	-00	1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
 			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
-Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0	-	zzz	1920 # trading post est.?
+Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0	-	-00	1920 # trading post est.?
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2000 Nov  5  0:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
-Zone America/Yellowknife 0	-	zzz	1935 # Yellowknife founded?
+Zone America/Yellowknife 0	-	-00	1935 # Yellowknife founded?
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
-Zone America/Inuvik	0	-	zzz	1953 # Inuvik founded
+Zone America/Inuvik	0	-	-00	1953 # Inuvik founded
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1979 Apr lastSun  2:00
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 Zone America/Whitehorse	-9:00:12 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1967 May 28  0:00
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1980
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1973 Oct 28  0:00
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1980
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Mexico
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-12-07):
 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
 # http://www.diputados.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/index.htm
 #
 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
 # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
 # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
 # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
 # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
 # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
 # tz database.  I think they can best be explained by supposing that
 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
 # the relevant documents.
 
 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
 #
 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
 #
 # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
 # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
 #
 # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
 #    - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
 #    - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
 #    - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
 #
 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
 #    at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
 #    BajaNorte: GMT+7
 #    BajaSur:   GMT+6
 #    General:   GMT+5
 #
 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
 #    BajaNorte: GMT+8
 #    BajaSur:   GMT+7
 #    General:   GMT+6
 #
 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
 #
 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
 # For an English translation of the decree, see
 # "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
 # http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
 
 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
 
 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
 # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
 # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
 # Arizona year round.
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
 #  (2001-01-17):
 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
 # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
 # whole year.
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
 #  ... says
 # (translated):...
 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
 # this year....
 # http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
 # ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
 # the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
 
 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
 # (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
 # and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
 #
 # http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
 # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
 #   the Federal District will not adopt DST.
 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
 #   the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
 #
 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
 # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
 # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
 # September 30, 2001.
 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" 
 # Palabra  (2001-03-31)
 
 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
 # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
 # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
 # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
 # next year....  The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
 # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
 # confirms this.  Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
 #
 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
 # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
 # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
 # > the United States.
 # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
 # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
 # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
 # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
 # (Spanish)
 #
 # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
 # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
 #
 # There is also a list of the votes here:
 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
 #
 # Our page:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
 # The page
 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
 # includes this text:
 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
 # Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
 # Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
 # Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
 # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
 # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
 # internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
 # kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
 # interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
 # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2014-12-08), translated by Gwillim Law:
 # The Mexican state of Quintana Roo will likely change to EST in 2015.
 #
 # http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2014/12/04/medio-ambiente/congreso-aprueba-una-hora-mas-de-sol-en-qroo
 # "With this change, the time conflict that has existed between the municipios
 # of Quintana Roo and the municipio of Felipe Carrillo Puerto may come to an
 # end. The latter declared itself in rebellion 15 years ago when a time change
 # was initiated in Mexico, and since then it has refused to change its time
 # zone along with the rest of the country."
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-01-14), translated by Gwillim Law:
 # http://sipse.com/novedades/confirman-aplicacion-de-nueva-zona-horaria-para-quintana-roo-132331.html
 # "...the new time zone will come into effect at two o'clock on the first Sunday
 # of February, when we will have to advance the clock one hour from its current
 # time..."
 # Also, the new zone will not use DST.
 #
 # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2015-02-02):
 # The decree that modifies the Mexican Hour System Law has finally
 # been published at the Diario Oficial de la Federación
 # http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5380123&fecha=31/01/2015
 # It establishes 5 zones for Mexico:
 # 1- Zona Centro (Central Zone): Corresponds to longitude 90 W,
 #    includes most of Mexico, excluding what's mentioned below.
 # 2- Zona Pacífico (Pacific Zone): Longitude 105 W, includes the
 #    states of Baja California Sur; Chihuahua; Nayarit (excluding Bahía
 #    de Banderas which lies in Central Zone); Sinaloa and Sonora.
 # 3- Zona Noroeste (Northwest Zone): Longitude 120 W, includes the
 #    state of Baja California.
 # 4- Zona Sureste (Southeast Zone): Longitude 75 W, includes the state
 #    of Quintana Roo.
 # 5- The islands, reefs and keys shall take their timezone from the
 #    longitude they are located at.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Feb	5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Jun	25	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1940	only	-	Dec	9	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1941	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1943	only	-	Dec	16	0:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Mexico	1944	only	-	May	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1950	only	-	Feb	12	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1950	only	-	Jul	30	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1996	2000	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1996	2000	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	2001	only	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	2001	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	2002	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	2002	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
 Zone America/Cancun	-5:47:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
 			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
 			-5:00	Mexico	E%sT	1998 Aug  2  2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2015 Feb  1  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST
 # Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
 Zone America/Merida	-5:58:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
 			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
 			-5:00	-	EST	1982 Dec  2
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
-# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
+# Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
+# This includes the following municipalities:
+#   in Coahuila: Ocampo, Acuña, Zaragoza, Jiménez, Piedras Negras, Nava,
+#     Guerrero, Hidalgo.
+#   in Nuevo León: Anáhuac, Los Aldama.
+#   in Tamaulipas: Nuevo Laredo, Guerrero, Mier, Miguel Alemán, Camargo,
+#     Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Reynosa, Río Bravo, Valle Hermoso, Matamoros.
+# See: Inicia mañana Horario de Verano en zona fronteriza, El Universal,
+# 2016-03-12
+# http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/estados/2016/03/12/inicia-manana-horario-de-verano-en-zona-fronteriza
 Zone America/Matamoros	-6:40:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1988
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2010
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
-# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
+# Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
 Zone America/Monterrey	-6:41:16 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
 			-6:00	-	CST	1988
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Central Mexico
 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2001 Sep 30  2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	2002 Feb 20
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Chihuahua (near US border)
+# This includes the municipalities of Janos, Ascensión, Juárez, Guadalupe,
+# Práxedis G Guerrero, Coyame del Sotol, Ojinaga, and Manuel Benavides.
+# (See the 2016-03-12 El Universal source mentioned above.)
 Zone America/Ojinaga	-6:57:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:02:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1998
 			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010
 			-7:00	US	M%sT
 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
 Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1998
 			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
 # Sonora
 Zone America/Hermosillo	-7:23:52 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1999
 			-7:00	-	MST
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
 # According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
 #
 # (Spanish)
 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
 # país, a partir de este domingo
 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
 #
 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
 # País
 # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
 #
 # (English)
 # Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
 #
 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
 # will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
 # zone ..."
 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
 
 # Mazatlán
 Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
 
 # Bahía de Banderas
 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas	-7:01:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010 Apr  4  2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 
-# Baja California (near US border)
+# Baja California
 Zone America/Tijuana	-7:48:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
 			-7:00	-	MST	1924
 			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 15
 			-8:00	-	PST	1931 Apr  1
 			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1931 Sep 30
 			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr 24
 			-8:00	1:00	PWT	1945 Aug 14 23:00u
 			-8:00	1:00	PPT	1945 Nov 12 # Peace
 			-8:00	-	PST	1948 Apr  5
 			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1954
 			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1961
 			-8:00	-	PST	1976
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	1996
 			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2001
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	2002 Feb 20
 			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2010
 			-8:00	US	P%sT
-# Baja California (away from US border)
-Zone America/Santa_Isabel	-7:39:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:20:32
-			-7:00	-	MST	1924
-			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
-			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 15
-			-8:00	-	PST	1931 Apr  1
-			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1931 Sep 30
-			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr 24
-			-8:00	1:00	PWT	1945 Aug 14 23:00u
-			-8:00	1:00	PPT	1945 Nov 12 # Peace
-			-8:00	-	PST	1948 Apr  5
-			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1949 Jan 14
-			-8:00	-	PST	1954
-			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1961
-			-8:00	-	PST	1976
-			-8:00	US	P%sT	1996
-			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2001
-			-8:00	US	P%sT	2002 Feb 20
-			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
 # through 1995.  This was as per Shanks (1999).  But Shanks & Pottenger say
 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975.  Guy Harris reports
 # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then.  This concerns
 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
 # name or contents should be.
 #
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-10-08):
+# Formerly there was an America/Santa_Isabel zone, but this appears to
+# have come from a misreading of
+# http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
+# It has been moved to the 'backward' file.
+#
+#
 # Revillagigedo Is
 # no information
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Anguilla
 # Antigua and Barbuda
 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Bahamas
 #
 # For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
 #
 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Bahamas	1964	1975	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Bahamas	1964	1975	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Nassau	-5:09:30 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 			-5:00	Bahamas	E%sT	1976
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 
 # Barbados
 
 # For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Barb	1977	only	-	Jun	12	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Barb	1977	1978	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Barb	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Barb	1979	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Barb	1980	only	-	Sep	25	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Barbados	-3:58:29 -	LMT	1924 # Bridgetown
 			-3:58:29 -	BMT	1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
 			-4:00	Barb	A%sT
 
 # Belize
 # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Belize	1918	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0:30	HD
 Rule	Belize	1919	1943	-	Feb	Sun>=9	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Belize	1973	only	-	Dec	 5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Belize	1974	only	-	Feb	 9	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Belize	1982	only	-	Dec	18	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Belize	1983	only	-	Feb	12	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Belize	-5:52:48 -	LMT	1912 Apr
 			-6:00	Belize	C%sT
 
 # Bermuda
 
 # For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
 # Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I; round that.
 
 # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
 
 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
 # in March, until the first Sunday in November.  And, after the Time Zone
 # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
 # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda	-4:19:18 -	LMT	1930 Jan  1  2:00 # Hamilton
 			-4:00	-	AST	1974 Apr 28  2:00
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1976
 			-4:00	US	A%sT
 
 # Cayman Is
+# See America/Panama.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-05-15):
-# The Cayman government has decided to introduce DST in 2016, the idea being
-# to keep in sync with New York.  The legislation hasn't passed but the change
-# seems quite likely.  See: Meade B. Cayman 27.
-# http://www.cayman27.com.ky/2015/05/15/clock-ticks-toward-daylight-saving-time-in-cayman
-
-Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890     # Georgetown
-			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	EST	2016
-			-5:00	US	E%sT
-
 # Costa Rica
 
 # Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	CR	1991	1992	-	Jan	Sat>=15	0:00	1:00	D
 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	CR	1991	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	CR	1992	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	0	S
 # There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890        # San José
 			-5:36:13 -	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
 			-6:00	CR	C%sT
 # Coco
 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
 
 # Cuba
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 # Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
 # for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
 # For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
 # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
 # Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
 # sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
 # to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
 # DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the
 # years before.  The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ...
 # https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html
 
 # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
 # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
 # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
 # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
 # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
 # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
 
 # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
 # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
 # adjustment in Cuba.  We will stay in daylight saving time:
 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
 # watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
 # to the normal schedule....
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
 # , dated yesterday,
 # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
 # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
 # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
 # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
 #
 # He supplied these references:
 #
 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
 #
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
 #
 # Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
 #
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
 # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
 # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
 # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
 # a Cuban information station, and heard
 # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
 # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
 # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
 # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
 # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
 #
 # Some more background information is posted here:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
 #
 # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
 # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
 # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
 # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
 # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
 # change some historic records as well.
 #
 # One example:
 # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
 # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
 # web site, the Granma.  Please check out
 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
 #
 # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
 # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
 # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
 # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
 # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
 # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
 #
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
 # (in Spanish)
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
 # I listened over the Internet to
 # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
 # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
 # the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
 # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
 # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
 # changed at all).
 #
 # Source:
 # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
 #
 # Our info:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
 # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
 # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
 #
 # One source (Spanish)
 # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
 #
 # Our page:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
 # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
 # 31 and April 1.
 #
 # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
 #
 # Our info on it:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
 # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
 # to standard time on 2012-11-04:
 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
 # For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Cuba	1928	only	-	Jun	10	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1928	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1940	1942	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1940	1942	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1945	1946	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1945	1946	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1965	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1965	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1966	only	-	May	29	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1966	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1967	only	-	Apr	8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1967	1968	-	Sep	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1968	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1969	1977	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1969	1971	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1972	1974	-	Oct	8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1975	1977	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1978	only	-	May	7	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1978	1990	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1979	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1981	1985	-	May	Sun>=5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=14	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1990	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1991	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1997	only	-	Oct	12	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1998	1999	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1998	2003	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	2000	2003	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2004	only	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2006	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	2007	only	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2008	only	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2009	2010	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2011	only	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2011	only	-	Nov	13	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	2012	only	-	Apr	1	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2012	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Havana	-5:29:28 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:29:36 -	HMT	1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
 			-5:00	Cuba	C%sT
 
 # Dominica
 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Dominican Republic
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
 # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
 # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
 # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
 # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
 # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
 # November 28, 2000, with a new decree.  On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
 # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
 # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future.  The reason they
 # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
 # to implement DST.  When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
 # decided to revert.
 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	DR	1966	only	-	Oct	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	DR	1967	only	-	Feb	28	0:00	0	S
 Rule	DR	1969	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	HD
 Rule	DR	1970	only	-	Feb	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	DR	1971	only	-	Jan	20	0:00	0	S
 Rule	DR	1972	1974	-	Jan	21	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:40	-	SDMT	1933 Apr  1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
 			-5:00	DR	E%sT	1974 Oct 27
 			-4:00	-	AST	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	2000 Dec  3  1:00
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # El Salvador
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Salv	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Salv	1987	1988	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -	LMT	1921 # San Salvador
 			-6:00	Salv	C%sT
 
 # Grenada
 # Guadeloupe
 # St Barthélemy
 # St Martin (French part)
 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Guatemala
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
 # Diario Co Latino, at
 # ,
 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
 # impact of the elevated cost of oil....  Daylight saving time will last from
 # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00.  See
 # http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Guat	1973	only	-	Nov	25	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Guat	1974	only	-	Feb	24	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Guat	1983	only	-	May	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Guat	1983	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Guat	1991	only	-	Mar	23	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Guat	1991	only	-	Sep	 7	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Guat	2006	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Guat	2006	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Guatemala	-6:02:04 -	LMT	1918 Oct 5
 			-6:00	Guat	C%sT
 
 # Haiti
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
 # Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
 # I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
 # .  Translated from French, it says:
 #
 #  "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
 #   and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
 #   Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
 #   provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
 #   Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
 #
 #  "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
 #   the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
 #   starting at midnight.  This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
 #   October 2005.
 #
 #  "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
 # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
 # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
 # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
 # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
 #
 # I have found this article about it (in French):
 # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
 #
 # The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
 
 # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
 # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11):
 # According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year,
 # apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
 # So this means they have already changed their time.
 #
 # http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
 #
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
 # The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
 # 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
 # Assume a US-style fall back as well.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10):
 # It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules
 # as US/Canada.  They did it last year as well, and it looks like they
 # are going to observe DST every year now...
 #
 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
 # http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-12):
+# Jean Antoine, editor of www.haiti-reference.com informed us that Haiti
+# are not going on DST this year.  Several other resources confirm this: ...
+# http://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/presse/heure_d_t_pas_de_changement_d_heure_pr_vu_pour_cet_ann_e.html
+# http://www.vantbefinfo.com/changement-dheure-pas-pour-haiti/
+# http://news.anmwe.com/haiti-lheure-nationale-ne-sera-ni-avancee-ni-reculee-cette-annee/
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Haiti	1983	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1984	1987	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1983	1987	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
 # Go with IATA.
 Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	1:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
 Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Haiti	2012	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Haiti	2012	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Haiti	2012	2015	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Haiti	2012	2015	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:49	-	PPMT	1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
 			-5:00	Haiti	E%sT
 
 # Honduras
 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
 # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
 # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
 # months until September.  La Tribuna reported today
 #  that Manuel Zelaya, the president
 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
 # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
 # http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
 # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
 # published, I have located this authoritative source:
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
 # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
 # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Hond	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Hond	1987	1988	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Hond	2006	only	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Hond	2006	only	-	Aug	Mon>=1	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -	LMT	1921 Apr
 			-6:00	Hond	C%sT
 #
 # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
 
 # Jamaica
 # Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
 # unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
 # island".  Go with Milne.  Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but
 # Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5.
 # Assume Neita meant Jan 6 02:00, the same as the US.  Neita also writes that
 # Manley's supporters associated this act with Manley's nickname "Joshua"
 # (recall that in the Bible the sun stood still at Joshua's request),
 # and with the Rod of Correction which Manley said he had received from
 # Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia.  See:
 # Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
 # http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Jamaica	-5:07:11 -	LMT	1890        # Kingston
 			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST	1974
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1984
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Martinique
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Martinique	-4:04:20 -      LMT	1890        # Fort-de-France
 			-4:04:20 -	FFMT	1911 May    # Fort-de-France MT
 			-4:00	-	AST	1980 Apr  6
 			-4:00	1:00	ADT	1980 Sep 28
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Montserrat
 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Nicaragua
 #
 # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
 # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
 # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
 # expensive petroleum.  The exact end date for DST is not yet
 # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
 # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
 # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
 # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
 # assume that it is daylight saving....
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
 # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
 # during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
 # since December 1998.  I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
 # changes in 2000.  Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
 #
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
 # (2005-09-26)
 #
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
 # (my informal translation)
 # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
 # morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
 #
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
 # My informal translation runs:
 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
 # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Nic	1979	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Nic	1979	1980	-	Jun	Mon>=23	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Nic	2005	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Nic	2005	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Nic	2006	only	-	Apr	30	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Nic	2006	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	1:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Managua	-5:45:08 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:45:12 -	MMT	1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
 			-6:00	-	CST	1973 May
 			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Feb 16
 			-6:00	Nic	C%sT	1992 Jan  1  4:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1992 Sep 24
 			-6:00	-	CST	1993
 			-5:00	-	EST	1997
 			-6:00	Nic	C%sT
 
 # Panama
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Panama	-5:18:08 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:19:36 -	CMT	1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST
+Link America/Panama America/Cayman
 
 # Puerto Rico
 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -	LMT	1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
 			-4:00	-	AST	1942 May  3
 			-4:00	US	A%sT	1946
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # St Kitts-Nevis
 # St Lucia
 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # St Pierre and Miquelon
 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15 # St Pierre
 			-4:00	-	AST	1980 May
 			-3:00	-	PMST	1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
 			-3:00	Canada	PM%sT
 
 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Turks and Caicos
 #
 # From Chris Dunn in
 # http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007
 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
 # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
 # the recent U.S. change of dates.
 #
 # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
 # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
 # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
 # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
 # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
-# The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UTC-4 year-round.  See:
+# The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UT -04 year-round.  See:
 # http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
 # Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...
 # From Chris Walton (2014-11-04):
 # ... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to
 # "permanent daylight saving time" by one year....
 # http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Grand_Turk	-4:44:32 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST	1979
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # British Virgin Is
 # Virgin Is
 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 
 # Local Variables:
 # coding: utf-8
 # End:
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/southamerica
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/southamerica	(revision 309576)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/southamerica	(revision 309577)
@@ -1,1750 +1,1779 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
 #
 # Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
 # ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
 # suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
 #	I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
 #	_daylight-saving time_.  _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
 #	in Europe and South America.
 #	-- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
 #	H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
 #
 # Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
 # for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
 # "summer time".  Reinaldo Goulart, a São Paulo businessman active in
 # the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
 #	The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
 #	Brazil.  Let's say that "the Brasília time" is considered the
 #	"official time" because Brasília is the capital city.
 #	The other three time zones are called "Brasília time "minus one" or
 #	"plus one" or "plus two".  As far as I know there is no such
 #	name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
 # So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #		std	dst
 #	-2:00	FNT	FNST	Fernando de Noronha
 #	-3:00	BRT	BRST	Brasília
 #	-4:00	AMT	AMST	Amazon
 #	-5:00	ACT	ACST	Acre
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Argentina
 
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
 # Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974.  Switches at midnight.
 
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-19):
 # ARGENTINA           3 H BEHIND   UTC
 
 # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
 # I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table...
 # AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Arg	1930	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1931	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1931	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1932	1940	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1932	1939	-	Nov	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1940	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1941	only	-	Jun	15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1941	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1943	only	-	Aug	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1943	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1946	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1946	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Dec	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1967	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1967	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1968	1969	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	Jan	23	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1988	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 #
 # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
 # These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
 # obtaining the data from the:
 # Talleres de Hidrografía Naval Argentina
 # (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
 Rule	Arg	1989	1993	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1989	1992	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 #
 # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
 # From this moment on, the law that mandated the daylight saving
 # time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
 # to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
 #
 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
 # On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time,
 # which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours
 # from the International Date Line.
 Rule	Arg	1999	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-12-28):
 # DST was set to expire on March 5, not March 3, but since it was converted
 # to standard time on March 3 it's more convenient for us to pretend that
 # it ended on March 3.
 Rule	Arg	2000	only	-	Mar	3	0:00	0	-
 #
 # From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
 # We just checked with our São Paulo office and they say the government of
 # Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
 # So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
 #
 # From Fabián L. Arce Jofré (2000-04-04):
 # The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
 # de la Rúa on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
 # in the winter time, rather than less.  The change took effect on March 3.
 #
 # From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
 # one of the major newspapers here in Argentina said that the 1999
 # Timezone Law (which never was effectively applied) will (would?) be
 # in effect.... The article is at
 # http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-06/e-01701.htm
 # ... The Law itself is "Ley No. 25155", sanctioned on 1999-08-25, enacted
 # 1999-09-17, and published 1999-09-21.  The official publication is at:
 # http://www.boletin.jus.gov.ar/BON/Primera/1999/09-Septiembre/21/PDF/BO21-09-99LEG.PDF
 # Regretfully, you have to subscribe (and pay) for the on-line version....
 #
 # (2001-06-12):
 # the timezone for Argentina will not change next Sunday.
 # Apparently it will do so on Sunday 24th....
 # http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-12/s-03501.htm
 #
 # (2001-06-25):
 # Last Friday (yes, the last working day before the date of the change), the
 # Senate annulled the 1999 law that introduced the changes later postponed.
 # http://www.clarin.com.ar/diario/2001-06-22/s-03601.htm
 # It remains the vote of the Deputies..., but it will be the same....
 # This kind of things had always been done this way in Argentina.
 # We are still -03:00 all year round in all of the country.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-12-21):
 # A user (Leonardo Chaim) reported that Argentina will adopt DST....
 # all of the country (all Zone-entries) are affected.  News reports like
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/opinion/nota.asp?nota_id=973037 indicate
 # that Argentina will use DST next year as well, from October to
 # March, although exact rules are not given.
 #
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
 # The last hurdle of Argentina DST is over, the proposal was approved in
 # the lower chamber too (Diputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
 # By the way thanks to Mariano Absatz and Daniel Mario Vega for the link to
 # the original scanned proposal, where the dates and the zero hours are
 # clear and unambiguous...This is the article about final approval:
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/nota.asp?nota_id=973996
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-12-22):
 # For dates after mid-2008, the following rules are my guesses and
 # are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-09-05):
 # As per message from Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz (Nicaragua),
 # Argentina will start DST on Sunday October 19, 2008.
 #
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina03.html
 # http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=57832 (in spanish)
 
 # From Juan Manuel Docile in https://bugs.gentoo.org/240339 (2008-10-07)
 # via Rodrigo Severo:
 # Argentinian law No. 25.155 is no longer valid.
 # http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/60000-64999/60036/norma.htm
 # The new one is law No. 26.350
 # http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/135000-139999/136191/norma.htm
 # So there is no summer time in Argentina for now.
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2008-10-20):
 # Decree 1693/2008 applies Law 26.350 for the summer 2008/2009 establishing DST
 # in Argentina from 2008-10-19 until 2009-03-15.
 # http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=16102008&pi=3&pf=4&s=0&sec=01
 #
 
 # Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer
 # 2008/2009: Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La
 # Pampa, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego
 # http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=17102008&pi=1&pf=1&s=0&sec=01
 #
 # Press release 235 dated Saturday October 18th, from the Government of the
 # Province of Jujuy saying it will not apply DST either (even when it was not
 # included in Decree 1705/2008).
 # http://www.jujuy.gov.ar/index2/partes_prensa/18_10_08/235-181008.doc
 
 # From fullinet (2009-10-18):
 # As announced in
 # http://www.argentina.gob.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=356
 # (an official .gob.ar) under title: "Sin Cambio de Hora"
 # (English: "No hour change").
 #
 # "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvió no modificar la hora
 # oficial, decisión que estaba en estudio para su implementación el
 # domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificación se anunció
 # que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorológicas, no necesita
 # la modificación del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
 # crecimiento en la producción y distribución energética."
 
 Rule	Arg	2007	only	-	Dec	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	2008	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-05-21):
 # Today it was officially published that the Province of Mendoza is changing
 # its timezone this winter... starting tomorrow night....
 # http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040521-27158-normas.pdf
 # From Paul Eggert (2004-05-24):
 # It's Law No. 7,210.  This change is due to a public power emergency, so for
 # now we'll assume it's for this year only.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-09):
 # Hora de verano para la República Argentina
 # http://buenasiembra.com.ar/esoterismo/astrologia/hora-de-verano-de-la-republica-argentina-27.html
 # says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
 # to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25.  Go with this more-precise value
 # over Shanks & Pottenger.
 #
 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-05):
 # These media articles from a major newspaper mostly cover the current state:
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/27/de_604825.asp
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/28/de_605203.asp
 #
 # The following eight (8) provinces pulled clocks back to UTC-04:00 at
 # midnight Monday May 31st. (that is, the night between 05/31 and 06/01).
 # Apparently, all nine provinces would go back to UTC-03:00 at the same
 # time in October 17th.
 #
 # Catamarca, Chubut, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz,
 # Tierra del Fuego, Tucumán.
 #
 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-14):
 # ... this weekend, the Province of Tucumán decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
 # yesterday midnight (that is, at 24:00 Saturday 12th), since the people's
 # annoyance with the change is much higher than the power savings obtained....
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2004-06-14):
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/06/10/de_609078.asp ...
 #     "The time change in Tierra del Fuego was a conflicted decision from
 #   the start.  The government had decreed that the measure would take
 #   effect on June 1, but a normative error forced the new time to begin
 #   three days earlier, from a Saturday to a Sunday....
 # Our understanding was that the change was originally scheduled to take place
 # on June 1 at 00:00 in Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego (and some other
 # provinces).  Sunday was May 30, only two days earlier.  So the article
 # contains a contradiction.  I would give more credence to the Saturday/Sunday
 # date than the "three days earlier" phrase, and conclude that Tierra del
 # Fuego set its clocks back at 2004-05-30 00:00.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-05):
 # The previous law 7210 which changed the province of Mendoza's time zone
 # back in May have been modified slightly in a new law 7277, which set the
 # new end date to 2004-09-26 (original date was 2004-10-17).
 # http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040924-27244-normas.pdf
 #
 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-10-05):
 # San Juan changed from UTC-03:00 to UTC-04:00 at midnight between
 # Sunday, May 30th and Monday, May 31st.  It changed back to UTC-03:00
 # at midnight between Saturday, July 24th and Sunday, July 25th....
 # http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000329.html
 # http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000426.html
 # http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000441.html
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-01-17):
 # Here are articles that Argentina Province San Luis is planning to end DST
 # as earlier as upcoming Monday January 21, 2008 or February 2008:
 #
 # Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del país
 # (Argentine Province delayed clock and mark difference with the rest of the
 # country)
 # http://cl.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200801171849_EFE_ET4373&idtel
 #
 # Es inminente que en San Luis atrasen una hora los relojes
 # (It is imminent in San Luis clocks one hour delay)
 # http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/nota/253414/Economia/Es-inminente-que-en-San-Luis-atrasen-una-hora-los-relojes.html
 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_argentina02.html
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
 # The page of the San Luis provincial government
 # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=0&id=22812
 # confirms what Alex Krivenyshev has earlier sent to the tz
 # emailing list about that San Luis plans to return to standard
 # time much earlier than the rest of the country. It also
 # confirms that upon request the provinces San Juan and Mendoza
 # refused to follow San Luis in this change.
 #
 # The change is supposed to take place Monday the 21st at 0:00
 # hours. As far as I understand it if this goes ahead, we need
 # a new timezone for San Luis (although there are also documented
 # independent changes in the southamerica file of San Luis in
 # 1990 and 1991 which has not been confirmed).
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
 # Unfortunately the below page has become defunct, about the San Luis
 # time change. Perhaps because it now is part of a group of pages "Most
 # important pages of 2008."
 #
 # You can use
 # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=8141&id=22834
 # instead it seems. Or use "Buscador" from the main page of the San Luis
 # government, and fill in "huso" and click OK, and you will get 3 pages
 # from which the first one is identical to the above.
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2008-01-28):
 # I can confirm that the Province of San Luis (and so far only that
 # province) decided to go back to UTC-3 effective midnight Jan 20th 2008
 # (that is, Monday 21st at 0:00 is the time the clocks were delayed back
 # 1 hour), and they intend to keep UTC-3 as their timezone all year round
 # (that is, unless they change their mind any minute now).
 #
 # So we'll have to add yet another city to 'southamerica' (I think San
 # Luis city is the mos populated city in the Province, so it'd be
 # America/Argentina/San_Luis... of course I can't remember if San Luis's
 # history of particular changes goes along with Mendoza or San Juan :-(
 # (I only remember not being able to collect hard facts about San Luis
 # back in 2004, when these provinces changed to UTC-4 for a few days, I
 # mailed them personally and never got an answer).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
 # Unless otherwise specified, data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger through
 # 1992, from the IATA otherwise.  As noted below, Shanks & Pottenger say that
 # America/Cordoba split into 6 subregions during 1991/1992, one of which
 # was America/San_Luis, but we haven't verified this yet so for now we'll
 # keep America/Cordoba a single region rather than splitting it into the
 # other 5 subregions.
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2009-03-13):
 # Yesterday (with our usual 2-day notice) the Province of San Luis
 # decided that next Sunday instead of "staying" @utc-03:00 they will go
 # to utc-04:00 until the second Saturday in October...
 #
 # The press release is at
 # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/SL/Paginas/NoticiaDetalle.asp?TemaId=1&InfoPrensaId=3102
 # (I couldn't find the decree, but www.sanluis.gov.ar
 # is the official page for the Province Government.)
 #
 # There's also a note in only one of the major national papers ...
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1107912
 #
 # The press release says [quick and dirty translation]:
 # ... announced that next Sunday, at 00:00, Puntanos (the San Luis
 # inhabitants) will have to turn back one hour their clocks
 #
 # Since then, San Luis will establish its own Province timezone. Thus,
 # during 2009, this timezone change will run from 00:00 the third Sunday
 # in March until 24:00 of the second Saturday in October.
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2009-10-16):
 # ...the Province of San Luis is a case in itself.
 #
 # The Law at
 # http://www.diputadossanluis.gov.ar/diputadosasp/paginas/verNorma.asp?NormaID=276
 # is ambiguous because establishes a calendar from the 2nd Sunday in
 # October at 0:00 thru the 2nd Saturday in March at 24:00 and the
 # complement of that starting on the 2nd Sunday of March at 0:00 and
 # ending on the 2nd Saturday of March at 24:00.
 #
 # This clearly breaks every time the 1st of March or October is a Sunday.
 #
 # IMHO, the "spirit of the Law" is to make the changes at 0:00 on the 2nd
 # Sunday of October and March.
 #
 # The problem is that the changes in the rest of the Provinces that did
 # change in 2007/2008, were made according to the Federal Law and Decrees
 # that did so on the 3rd Sunday of October and March.
 #
 # In fact, San Luis actually switched from UTC-4 to UTC-3 last Sunday
 # (October 11th) at 0:00.
 #
 # So I guess a new set of rules, besides "Arg", must be made and the last
 # America/Argentina/San_Luis entries should change to use these...
 #
 # I'm enclosing a patch that does what I say... regretfully, the San Luis
 # timezone must be called "WART/WARST" even when most of the time (like,
 # right now) WARST == ART... that is, since last Sunday, all the country
 # is using UTC-3, but in my patch, San Luis calls it "WARST" and the rest
 # of the country calls it "ART".
 # ...
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-09):
 # According to news reports from El Diario de la República Province San
 # Luis, Argentina (standard time UTC-04) will keep Daylight Saving Time
 # after April 11, 2010 - will continue to have same time as rest of
 # Argentina (UTC-3) (no DST).
 #
 # Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
 # http://www.eldiariodelarepublica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29383&Itemid=9
 # or (some English translation):
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina08.html
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2010-04-12):
 # yes...I can confirm this...and given that San Luis keeps calling
 # UTC-03:00 "summer time", we should't just let San Luis go back to "Arg"
 # rules...San Luis is still using "Western ARgentina Time" and it got
 # stuck on Summer daylight savings time even though the summer is over.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-05):
-# Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at UTC-4
+# Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at -04
 # with perpetual summer time, but ordinary usage typically seems to
-# just say it's at UTC-3; see, for example,
+# just say it's at -03; see, for example,
 # http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_oficial_argentina
 # We've documented similar situations as being plain changes to
 # standard time, so let's do that here too.  This does not change UTC
 # offsets, only tm_isdst and the time zone abbreviations.  One minor
 # plus is that this silences a zic complaint that there's no POSIX TZ
 # setting for time stamps past 2038.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 # Milne says Córdoba time was -4:16:48.2.  Round to the nearest second.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
 Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
 #
 # Córdoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
 # Chaco (CC), Formosa (FM), Santiago del Estero (SE)
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger also make the following claims, which we haven't verified:
 # - Formosa switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-07.
 # - Misiones switched to -3:00 on 1990-12-29.
 # - Chaco switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-04.
 # - Santiago del Estero switched to -4:00 on 1991-04-01,
 #   then to -3:00 on 1991-04-26.
 #
 Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
 #
 # Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquén (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
 Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Tucumán (TM)
 Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 13
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
 #
 # La Rioja (LR)
 Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 May  7
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # San Juan (SJ)
 Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 May  7
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 31
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jul 25
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Jujuy (JY)
 Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 -	LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990 Mar  4
 			-4:00	-	WART	1990 Oct 28
 			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1991 Mar 17
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct  6
 			-3:00	1:00	ARST	1992
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
 Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Mendoza (MZ)
 Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990 Mar  4
 			-4:00	-	WART	1990 Oct 15
 			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1991 Mar  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 15
 			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1992 Mar  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	1992 Oct 18
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 23
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Sep 26
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # San Luis (SL)
 
 Rule	SanLuis	2008	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
 Rule	SanLuis	2007	2008	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	S
 
 Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990
 			-3:00	1:00	ARST	1990 Mar 14
 			-4:00	-	WART	1990 Oct 15
 			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1991 Mar  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Jun  1
 			-3:00	-	ART	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	1:00	WARST	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 31
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jul 25
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Jan 21
 			-4:00	SanLuis	WAR%sT	2009 Oct 11
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Santa Cruz (SC)
 Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (TF)
 Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 30
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 
 # Aruba
 Link America/Curacao America/Aruba
 
 # Bolivia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:32:36 -	CMT	1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
 			-4:32:36 1:00	BOST	1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
 			-4:00	-	BOT	# Bolivia Time
 
 # Brazil
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
 # The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules
 # just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade.
 # The rule change lasted only part of the day;
 # the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business
 # was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon.
 
 # From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
 # _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
 # Santa Catarina (SC), Paraná (PR), São Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
 # Espírito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goiás (GO),
 # Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
 # [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
 
 # From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
 # Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goiás until 1989), and other
 # sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
 # always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
 # The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91.  Each issue from then until
 # 9/95 says that DST is observed only in the ten states I quoted from 9/95,
 # along with Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), which are in BR2
 # (UTC-4)....  The other two time zones given for Brazil are BR3, which is
 # UTC-5, no DST, and applies only in the state of Acre (AC); and BR4, which is
 # UTC-2, and applies to Fernando de Noronha (formerly FN, but I believe it's
 # become part of the state of Pernambuco).  The boundary between BR1 and BR2
 # has never been clearly stated.  They've simply been called East and West.
 # However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
 # Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil.  For each
 # airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM.  From that
 # information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapá (AP), Ceará (CE),
 # Maranhão (MA), Paraíba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piauí (PI), and Rio Grande do
 # Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Pará (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
 
 # From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
 # Brazilian official page 
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2000-11-03):
 # [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
 # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
 # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm
 
 # From Celso Doria via David Madeo (2002-10-09):
 # The reason for the delay this year has to do with elections in Brazil.
 #
 # Unlike in the United States, elections in Brazil are 100% computerized and
 # the results are known almost immediately.  Yesterday, it was the first
 # round of the elections when 115 million Brazilians voted for President,
 # Governor, Senators, Federal Deputies, and State Deputies.  Nobody is
 # counting (or re-counting) votes anymore and we know there will be a second
 # round for the Presidency and also for some Governors.  The 2nd round will
 # take place on October 27th.
 #
 # The reason why the DST will only begin November 3rd is that the thousands
 # of electoral machines used cannot have their time changed, and since the
 # Constitution says the elections must begin at 8:00 AM and end at 5:00 PM,
 # the Government decided to postpone DST, instead of changing the Constitution
 # (maybe, for the next elections, it will be possible to change the clock)...
 
 # From Rodrigo Severo (2004-10-04):
 # It's just the biannual change made necessary by the much hyped, supposedly
 # modern Brazilian eletronic voting machines which, apparently, can't deal
 # with a time change between the first and the second rounds of the elections.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-20):
 # Brazil will start DST on 2007-10-14 00:00 and end on 2008-02-17 00:00:
 # http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do;jsessionid=BBA06811AFCAAC28F0285210913513DA?newsId=13975
 
 # From Paul Schulze (2008-06-24):
 # ...by law number 11.662 of April 24, 2008 (published in the "Diario
 # Oficial da União"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
 # effective today (00:00am at June 24, 2008) as follows:
 #
 # a) The timezone UTC+5 is extinguished, with all the Acre state and the
 # part of the Amazonas state that had this timezone now being put to the
 # timezone UTC+4
 # b) The whole Pará state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
 # part of it, as was before.
 #
 # This change follows a proposal of senator Tiao Viana of Acre state, that
 # proposed it due to concerns about open television channels displaying
 # programs inappropriate to youths in the states that had the timezone
 # UTC+5 too early in the night. In the occasion, some more corrections
 # were proposed, trying to unify the timezones of any given state. This
 # change modifies timezone rules defined in decree 2.784 of 18 June,
 # 1913.
 
 # From Rodrigo Severo (2008-06-24):
 # Just correcting the URL:
 # https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=do&secao=1&pagina=1&data=25/04/2008
 #
 # As a result of the above Decree I believe the America/Rio_Branco
 # timezone shall be modified from UTC-5 to UTC-4 and a new timezone shall
 # be created to represent the...west side of the Pará State. I
 # suggest this new timezone be called Santarem as the most
 # important/populated city in the affected area.
 #
 # This new timezone would be the same as the Rio_Branco timezone up to
 # the 2008/06/24 change which would be to UTC-3 instead of UTC-4.
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-24):
 # This is a quick reference page for New and Old Brazil Time Zones map.
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/brazil-time-new-old.php
 #
 # - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones - eliminating time zone UTC-05
 # (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT-04) - western
 # part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC-03 (from UTC-04).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10):
 # The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from
 # Decretos sobre o Horário de Verão no Brasil.
 # http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-29):
 # As announced by the government and many newspapers in Brazil late
 # yesterday, Brazil will start DST on 2008-10-19 (need to change rule) and
 # it will end on 2009-02-15 (current rule for Brazil is fine). Based on
 # past years experience with the elections, there was a good chance that
 # the start was postponed to November, but it did not happen this year.
 #
 # It has not yet been posted to http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
 #
 # An official page about it:
 # http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do?newsId=16722
 # Note that this link does not always work directly, but must be accessed
 # by going to
 # http://www.mme.gov.br/first
 #
 # One example link that works directly:
 # http://jornale.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13530&Itemid=54
 # (Portuguese)
 #
 # We have a written a short article about it as well:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-dst-2008-2009.html
 #
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-04):
 # State Bahia will return to Daylight savings time this year after 8 years off.
 # The announcement was made by Governor Jaques Wagner in an interview to a
 # television station in Salvador.
 
 # In Portuguese:
 # http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2011/10/governador-jaques-wagner-confirma-horario-de-verao-na-bahia.html
 # http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI5390887-EI8139,00-Bahia+volta+a+ter+horario+de+verao+apos+oito+anos.html
 
 # From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-07):
 # There is news in the media, however there is still no decree about it.
 # I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the
 # official agency about time in Brazil, and she confirmed that the old rule is
 # still in force.
 
 # From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-14)
 # It's official, the President signed a decree that includes Bahia in summer
 # time.
 #	 [ and in a second message (same day): ]
 # I found the decree.
 #
 # DECRETO No. 7.584, DE 13 DE OUTUBRO DE 2011
 # Link :
 # http://www.in.gov.br/visualiza/index.jsp?data=13/10/2011&jornal=1000&pagina=6&totalArquivos=6
 
 # From Kelley Cook (2012-10-16):
 # The governor of state of Bahia in Brazil announced on Thursday that
 # due to public pressure, he is reversing the DST policy they implemented
 # last year and will not be going to Summer Time on October 21st....
 # http://www.correio24horas.com.br/r/artigo/apos-pressoes-wagner-suspende-horario-de-verao-na-bahia
 
 # From Rodrigo Severo (2012-10-16):
 # Tocantins state will have DST.
 # http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI6232536-EI306.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-20):
 # Tocantins in Brazil is very likely not to observe DST from October....
 # http://conexaoto.com.br/2013/09/18/ministerio-confirma-que-tocantins-esta-fora-do-horario-de-verao-em-2013-mas-falta-publicacao-de-decreto
 # We will keep this article updated when this is confirmed:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-starts-dst-2013.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-10-17):
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/acre-amazonas-change-time-zone.html
 # Senator Jorge Viana announced that Acre will change time zone on November 10.
 # He did not specify the time of the change, nor if western parts of Amazonas
 # will change as well.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-17):
 # For now, assume western Amazonas will change as well.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Decree 20,466  (1931-10-01)
 # Decree 21,896  (1932-01-10)
 Rule	Brazil	1931	only	-	Oct	 3	11:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1932	1933	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1932	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 23,195  (1933-10-10)
 # revoked DST.
 # Decree 27,496  (1949-11-24)
 # Decree 27,998  (1950-04-13)
 Rule	Brazil	1949	1952	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1950	only	-	Apr	16	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1951	1952	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 32,308  (1953-02-24)
 Rule	Brazil	1953	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 34,724  (1953-11-30)
 # revoked DST.
 # Decree 52,700  (1963-10-18)
 # established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
 # in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
 # Decree 53,071  (1963-12-03)
 # extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
 Rule	Brazil	1963	only	-	Dec	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 53,604  (1964-02-25)
 # extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
 Rule	Brazil	1964	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 55,639  (1965-01-27)
 Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Mar	31	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 57,303  (1965-11-22)
 Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 57,843  (1966-02-18)
 Rule	Brazil	1966	1968	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1966	1967	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 63,429  (1968-10-15)
 # revoked DST.
 # Decree 91,698  (1985-09-27)
 Rule	Brazil	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
 # Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
 Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
 Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Feb	14	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 94,922  (1987-09-22)
 Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 96,676  (1988-09-12)
 # except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
 Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Jan	29	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 98,077  (1989-08-21)
 # with the same exceptions
 Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Oct	15	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 99,530  (1990-09-17)
 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
 # Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
 Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Feb	17	 0:00	0	-
 # Unnumbered decree  (1991-09-25)
 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
 Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Oct	20	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Feb	 9	 0:00	0	-
 # Unnumbered decree  (1992-10-16)
 # adopted by same states.
 Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1993	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 942  (1993-09-28)
 # adopted by same states, plus AM.
 # Decree 1,252  (1994-09-22;
 # web page corrected 2004-01-07) adopted by same states, minus AM.
 # Decree 1,636  (1995-09-14)
 # adopted by same states, plus MT and TO.
 # Decree 1,674  (1995-10-13)
 # adds AL, SE.
 Rule	Brazil	1993	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=11	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1994	1995	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 2,000  (1996-09-04)
 # adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
 Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	-
 # From Daniel C. Sobral (1998-02-12):
 # In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
 # because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
 # they bought the wrong times on satellite for coverage of Pope's visit.
 # This year, the ending date of DS was postponed to March 1
 # to help dealing with the shortages of electric power.
 #
 # Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
 Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 2,495 
 # (1998-02-10)
 Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 2,780  (1998-09-11)
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Oct	11	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Feb	21	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 3,150 
 # (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
 # Decree 3,188  (1999-09-30)
 # adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
 Rule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	2000	only	-	Feb	27	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 3,592  (2000-09-06)
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 # Decree 3,630  (2000-10-13)
 # repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
 # Decree 3,632  (2000-10-17)
 # repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
 # Decree 3,916 
 # (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
 Rule	Brazil	2000	2001	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	2001	2006	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
 # 4,399 
 Rule	Brazil	2002	only	-	Nov	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO.
 # 4,844 
 Rule	Brazil	2003	only	-	Oct	19	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 5,223 (2004-10-01) reestablishes DST in MT.
 # 5,223 
 Rule	Brazil	2004	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 5,539  (2005-09-19),
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	2005	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 5,920  (2006-10-03),
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	2006	only	-	Nov	 5	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	2007	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 6,212  (2007-09-26),
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	2007	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	S
 # From Frederico A. C. Neves (2008-09-10):
 # According to this decree
 # http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2008/Decreto/D6558.htm
 # [t]he DST period in Brazil now on will be from the 3rd Oct Sunday to the
 # 3rd Feb Sunday. There is an exception on the return date when this is
 # the Carnival Sunday then the return date will be the next Sunday...
 Rule	Brazil	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	2008	2011	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2012	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2013	2014	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2015	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2016	2022	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2023	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2024	2025	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2026	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2027	2033	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2034	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2035	2036	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2037	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-09-29):
 # The next is wrong in some years but is better than nothing.
 Rule	Brazil	2038	max	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 
 # The latest ruleset listed above says that the following states observe DST:
 # DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Fernando de Noronha (administratively part of PE)
 Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
 			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	1990 Sep 17
 			-2:00	-	FNT	1999 Sep 30
 			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	2000 Oct 15
 			-2:00	-	FNT	2001 Sep 13
 			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	2002 Oct  1
 			-2:00	-	FNT
 # Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
 # These include Trindade and Martim Vaz (administratively part of ES),
 # Rocas Atoll (RN), and the St Peter and St Paul Archipelago (PE).
 # Fernando de Noronha was a separate territory from 1942-09-02 to 1989-01-01;
 # it also included the Penedos.
 #
 # Amapá (AP), east Pará (PA)
 # East Pará includes Belém, Marabá, Serra Norte, and São Félix do Xingu.
 # The division between east and west Pará is the river Xingu.
 # In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
 # the border with Amapá) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
 Zone America/Belem	-3:13:56 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # west Pará (PA)
 # West Pará includes Altamira, Óbidos, Prainha, Oriximiná, and Santarém.
 Zone America/Santarem	-3:38:48 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-4:00	-	AMT	2008 Jun 24  0:00
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
 # Paraíba (PB)
 Zone America/Fortaleza	-2:34:00 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2000 Oct 22
 			-3:00	-	BRT	2001 Sep 13
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2002 Oct  1
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands)
 Zone America/Recife	-2:19:36 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2000 Oct 15
 			-3:00	-	BRT	2001 Sep 13
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2002 Oct  1
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Tocantins (TO)
 Zone America/Araguaina	-3:12:48 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Sep 14
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2003 Sep 24
 			-3:00	-	BRT	2012 Oct 21
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2013 Sep
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
 Zone America/Maceio	-2:22:52 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Oct 13
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1996 Sep  4
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2000 Oct 22
 			-3:00	-	BRT	2001 Sep 13
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2002 Oct  1
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Bahia (BA)
 # There are too many Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/Bahia instead
 # of America/Salvador.
 Zone America/Bahia	-2:34:04 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2003 Sep 24
 			-3:00	-	BRT	2011 Oct 16
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2012 Oct 21
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Goiás (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
 # Espírito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR),
 # Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
 Zone America/Sao_Paulo	-3:06:28 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1963 Oct 23  0:00
 			-3:00	1:00	BRST	1964
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
 #
 # Mato Grosso do Sul (MS)
 Zone America/Campo_Grande -3:38:28 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT
 #
 # Mato Grosso (MT)
 Zone America/Cuiaba	-3:44:20 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	2003 Sep 24
 			-4:00	-	AMT	2004 Oct  1
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT
 #
 # Rondônia (RO)
 Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
 # Roraima (RR)
 Zone America/Boa_Vista	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-4:00	-	AMT	1999 Sep 30
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	2000 Oct 15
 			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
 # east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutaí, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
 # The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
 # east from west Amazonas.
 Zone America/Manaus	-4:00:04 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-4:00	-	AMT	1993 Sep 28
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1994 Sep 22
 			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
 # west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
 #	Eirunepé, Envira, Ipixuna
 Zone America/Eirunepe	-4:39:28 -	LMT	1914
 			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-5:00	-	ACT	1993 Sep 28
 			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1994 Sep 22
 			-5:00	-	ACT	2008 Jun 24  0:00
 			-4:00	-	AMT	2013 Nov 10
 			-5:00	-	ACT
 #
 # Acre (AC)
 Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-5:00	-	ACT	2008 Jun 24  0:00
 			-4:00	-	AMT	2013 Nov 10
 			-5:00	-	ACT
 
 # Chile
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-03):
 # Shanks & Pottenger says America/Santiago introduced standard time in
 # 1890 and rounds its UTC offset to 70W40; guess that in practice this
 # was the same offset as in 1916-1919.  It also says Pacific/Easter
 # standardized on 109W22 in 1890; assume this didn't change the clocks.
 #
 # Dates for America/Santiago from 1910 to 2004 are primarily from
 # the following source, cited by Oscar van Vlijmen (2006-10-08):
 # [1] Chile Law
 # http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/chile.html
 # This contains a copy of a this official table:
 # Cambios en la hora oficial de Chile desde 1900 (retrieved 2008-03-30)
 # http://web.archive.org/web/20080330200901/http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
 # [1] needs several corrections, though.
 #
 # The first set of corrections is from:
 # [2] History of the Official Time of Chile
 # http://www.horaoficial.cl/ing/horaof_ing.html (retrieved 2012-03-06).  See:
 # http://web.archive.org/web/20120306042032/http://www.horaoficial.cl/ing/horaof_ing.html
 # This is an English translation of:
 # Historia de la hora oficial de Chile (retrieved 2012-10-24).  See:
 # http://web.archive.org/web/20121024234627/http://www.horaoficial.cl/horaof.htm
 # A fancier Spanish version (requiring mouse-clicking) is at:
 # http://www.horaoficial.cl/historia_hora.html
 # Conflicts between [1] and [2] were resolved as follows:
 #
 #  - [1] says the 1910 transition was Jan 1, [2] says Jan 10 and cites
 #    Boletín No. 1, Aviso No. 1 (1910).  Go with [2].
 #
 #  - [1] says SMT was -4:42:45, [2] says Chile's official time from
 #    1916 to 1919 was -4:42:46.3, the meridian of Chile's National
 #    Astronomical Observatory (OAN), then located in what is now
 #    Quinta Normal in Santiago.  Go with [2], rounding it to -4:42:46.
 #
 #  - [1] says the 1918 transition was Sep 1, [2] says Sep 10 and cites
 #    Boletín No. 22, Aviso No. 129/1918 (1918-08-23).  Go with [2].
 #
 #  - [1] does not give times for transitions; assume they occur
 #    at midnight mainland time, the current common practice.  However,
 #    go with [2]'s specification of 23:00 for the 1947-05-21 transition.
 #
 # Another correction to [1] is from Jesper Nørgaard Welen, who
 # wrote (2006-10-08), "I think that there are some obvious mistakes in
 # the suggested link from Oscar van Vlijmen,... for instance entry 66
 # says that GMT-4 ended 1990-09-12 while entry 67 only begins GMT-3 at
 # 1990-09-15 (they should have been 1990-09-15 and 1990-09-16
 # respectively), but anyhow it clears up some doubts too."
 #
 # Data for Pacific/Easter from 1910 through 1967 come from Shanks &
 # Pottenger.  After that, for lack of better info assume
 # Pacific/Easter is always two hours behind America/Santiago;
 # this is known to work for DST transitions starting in 2008 and
 # may well be true for earlier transitions.
 
 # From Eduardo Krell (1995-10-19):
 # The law says to switch to DST at midnight [24:00] on the second SATURDAY
 # of October....  The law is the same for March and October.
 # (1998-09-29):
 # Because of the drought this year, the government decided to go into
 # DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ...
 # (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess).
 
 # From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18):
 # Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
 # on April 3, (one-time change).
 
 # From Germán Poo-Caamaño (2008-03-03):
 # Due to drought, Chile extends Daylight Time in three weeks.  This
 # is one-time change (Saturday 3/29 at 24:00 for America/Santiago
 # and Saturday 3/29 at 22:00 for Pacific/Easter)
 # The Supreme Decree is located at
 # http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf
 #
 # From José Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
 # http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm
 
 # From Angel Chiang (2010-03-04):
 # Subject: DST in Chile exceptionally extended to 3 April due to earthquake
 # http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewNoticia.aspx?idArticulo=30098
 #
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-03-06):
 # Angel Chiang's message confirmed by Julio Pacheco; Julio provided a patch.
 
 # From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-28):
 # http://diario.elmercurio.com/2011/03/28/_portada/_portada/noticias/7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E.htm?id=3D{7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E}
 # In English:
 # Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead
 # of this Saturday. They will go forward again the 3rd Saturday in
 # August, not in October as they have since 1968.
 
 # From Mauricio Parada (2012-02-22), translated by Glenn Eychaner (2012-02-23):
 # As stated in the website of the Chilean Energy Ministry
 # http://www.minenergia.cl/ministerio/noticias/generales/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de.html
 # The Chilean Government has decided to postpone the entrance into winter time
 # (to leave DST) from March 11 2012 to April 28th 2012....
 # Quote from the website communication:
 #
 # 6. For the year 2012, the dates of entry into winter time will be as follows:
 # a. Saturday April 28, 2012, clocks should go back 60 minutes; that is, at
 # 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be 23:00
 # of the same day.
 # b. Saturday, September 1, 2012, clocks should go forward 60 minutes; that is,
 # at 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be
 # 01:00 on September 2.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-02-15):
 # According to several news sources, Chile has extended DST this year,
 # they will end DST later and start DST earlier than planned.  They
 # hope to save energy.  The new end date is 2013-04-28 00:00 and new
 # start date is 2013-09-08 00:00....
 # http://www.gob.cl/informa/2013/02/15/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de-hora-para-el-ano-2013.htm
 
 # From José Miguel Garrido (2014-02-19):
 # Today appeared in the Diario Oficial a decree amending the time change
 # dates to 2014.
 # DST End: last Saturday of April 2014 (Sun 27 Apr 2014 03:00 UTC)
 # DST Start: first Saturday of September 2014 (Sun 07 Sep 2014 04:00 UTC)
 # http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl//media/2014/02/19/do-20140219.pdf
 
 # From Eduardo Romero Urra (2015-03-03):
 # Today has been published officially that Chile will use the DST time
 # permanently until March 25 of 2017
 # http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/media/2015/03/03/1-large.jpg
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
 # For now, assume that the extension will persist indefinitely.
 
+# From Juan Correa (2016-03-18):
+# The decree regarding DST has been published in today's Official Gazette:
+# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/versiones-anteriores/do/20160318/
+# http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1088502
+# It does consider the second Saturday of May and August as the dates
+# for the transition; and it lists DST dates until 2019, but I think
+# this scheme will stick.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# For now, assume the pattern holds for the indefinite future.
+# The decree says transitions occur at 24:00; in practice this appears
+# to mean 24:00 mainland time, not 24:00 local time, so that Easter
+# Island is always two hours behind the mainland.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1968	only	-	Nov	 3	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1969	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1969	only	-	Nov	23	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1970	only	-	Mar	29	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1971	only	-	Mar	14	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1970	1972	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1972	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1973	only	-	Sep	30	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1974	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1987	only	-	Apr	12	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1988	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1988	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1990	only	-	Sep	16	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1991	1996	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1991	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1997	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1998	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1998	only	-	Sep	27	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1999	2010	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	2000	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 # N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
 # which is used below in specifying the transition.
 Rule	Chile	2008	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2009	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2010	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2011	only	-	May	Sun>=2	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2011	only	-	Aug	Sun>=16	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	2012	2015	-	Apr	Sun>=23	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	Chile	2012	2014	-	Apr	Sun>=23	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2012	2014	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	2016	max	-	May	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	Chile	2016	max	-	Aug	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 # IATA SSIM anomalies: (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
 # (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:46 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1910 Jan 10 # Santiago Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	CLT	1916 Jul  1 # Chile Time
 			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1918 Sep 10
 			-4:00	-	CLT	1919 Jul  1
 			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1927 Sep  1
 			-5:00	Chile	CL%sT	1932 Sep  1
 			-4:00	-	CLT	1942 Jun  1
 			-5:00	-	CLT	1942 Aug  1
 			-4:00	-	CLT	1946 Jul 15
 			-4:00	1:00	CLST	1946 Sep  1 # central Chile
 			-4:00	-	CLT	1947 Apr  1
 			-5:00	-	CLT	1947 May 21 23:00
-			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT	2015 Apr 26  3:00u
-			-3:00	-	CLT
+			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT
 Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890
 			-7:17:28 -	EMT	1932 Sep    # Easter Mean Time
 			-7:00	Chile	EAS%sT	1982 Mar 14 3:00u # Easter Time
-			-6:00	Chile	EAS%sT	2015 Apr 26 3:00u
-			-5:00	-	EAST
+			-6:00	Chile	EAS%sT
 #
 # Salas y Gómez Island is uninhabited.
 # Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernández Is, Desventuradas Is,
 # and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
 
 # Antarctic base using South American rules
 # (See the file 'antarctica' for more.)
 #
 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
 #
 # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
 # Palmer has followed Chile.  Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	zzz	1965
+Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	-00	1965
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1982 May
-			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT	2015 Apr 26 3:00u
-			-3:00	-	CLT
+			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT
 
 # Colombia
 
 # Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899; round to nearest.  He writes,
 # "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare."
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	CO	1992	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	CO	1993	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:16 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
 			-4:56:16 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time
 			-5:00	CO	CO%sT	# Colombia Time
 # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
 # no information; probably like America/Bogota
 
 # Curaçao
 
 # Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
 # -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
 # Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
 # 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01.  The former is dubious, since S&P also say
 # Saba Island has been like Curaçao.
 # This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
 #
 # By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become
 # associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
 # Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
 # Netherlands as Kingdom Islands.  This won't affect their time zones
 # though, as far as we know.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:47 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
 			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
 # use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
 # The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen characters
 # and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
 
 Link	America/Curacao	America/Lower_Princes	# Sint Maarten
 Link	America/Curacao	America/Kralendijk	# Caribbean Netherlands
 
 # Ecuador
 #
 # Milne says the Central and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-04):
 # Apparently Ecuador had a failed experiment with DST in 1992.
 #  (2007-02-27) and
 #  (2006-11-06) both
 # talk about "hora Sixto".  Leave this alone for now, as we have no data.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Guayaquil	-5:19:20 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:14:00 -	QMT	1931 # Quito Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	ECT	# Ecuador Time
 Zone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
 			-5:00	-	ECT	1986
 			-6:00	-	GALT	# Galápagos Time
 
 # Falklands
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Between 1990 and 2000 inclusive, Shanks & Pottenger and the IATA agree except
 # the IATA gives 1996-09-08.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 
 # From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
 # via Jesper Nørgaard:
 # ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
 # April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
 # September.  It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
 # am on Sunday 21 April 2002 and advance to summer time at 2 am on
 # Sunday 1 September.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-02-13):
 #
 # I have communicated several times with people there, and the last
 # time I had communications that was helpful was in 1998.  Here is
 # what was said then:
 #
 # "The general rule was that Stanley used daylight saving and the Camp
 # did not. However for various reasons many people in the Camp have
 # started to use daylight saving (known locally as 'Stanley Time')
 # There is no rule as to who uses daylight saving - it is a matter of
 # personal choice and so it is impossible to draw a map showing who
 # uses it and who does not. Any list would be out of date as soon as
 # it was produced. This year daylight saving ended on April 18/19th
 # and started again on September 12/13th.  I do not know what the rule
 # is, but can find out if you like.  We do not change at the same time
 # as UK or Chile."
 #
 # I did have in my notes that the rule was "Second Saturday in Sep at
 # 0:00 until third Saturday in Apr at 0:00".  I think that this does
 # not agree in some cases with Shanks; is this true?
 #
 # Also, there is no mention in the list that some areas in the
 # Falklands do not use DST.  I have found in my communications there
 # that these areas are on the western half of East Falkland and all of
 # West Falkland.  Stanley is the only place that consistently observes
 # DST.  Again, as in other places in the world, the farmers don't like
 # it.  West Falkland is almost entirely sheep farmers.
 #
 # I know one lady there that keeps a list of which farm keeps DST and
 # which doesn't each year.  She runs a shop in Stanley, and says that
 # the list changes each year.  She uses it to communicate to her
 # customers, catching them when they are home for lunch or dinner.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
 # For now, we'll just record the time in Stanley, since we have no
 # better info.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-04-01):
 # The Falkland Islands will not turn back clocks this winter, but stay on
 # daylight saving time.
 #
 # One source:
 # http://www.falklandnews.com/public/story.cfm?get=5914&source=3
 #
 # We have gotten this confirmed by a clerk of the legislative assembly:
 # Normally the clocks revert to Local Mean Time (UTC/GMT -4 hours) on the
 # third Sunday of April at 0200hrs and advance to Summer Time (UTC/GMT -3
 # hours) on the first Sunday of September at 0200hrs.
 #
 # IMPORTANT NOTE: During 2011, on a trial basis, the Falkland Islands
 # will not revert to local mean time, but clocks will remain on Summer
 # time (UTC/GMT - 3 hours) throughout the whole of 2011.  Any long term
 # change to local time following the trial period will be notified.
 #
 # From Andrew Newman (2012-02-24)
 # A letter from Justin McPhee, Chief Executive,
 # Cable & Wireless Falkland Islands (dated 2012-02-22)
 # states...
 #   The current Atlantic/Stanley entry under South America expects the
 #   clocks to go back to standard Falklands Time (FKT) on the 15th April.
 #   The database entry states that in 2011 Stanley was staying on fixed
 #   summer time on a trial basis only.  FIG need to contact IANA and/or
 #   the maintainers of the database to inform them we're adopting
 #   the same policy this year and suggest recommendations for future years.
 #
 # For now we will assume permanent summer time for the Falklands
 # until advised differently (to apply for 2012 and beyond, after the 2011
 # experiment was apparently successful.)
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Falk	1937	1938	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1938	1942	-	Mar	Sun>=19	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Falk	1939	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1940	1942	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1943	only	-	Jan	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Falk	1983	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1984	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Falk	1984	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1985	2000	-	Sep	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1986	2000	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Stanley	-3:51:24 -	LMT	1890
 			-3:51:24 -	SMT	1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
 			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	1983 May    # Falkland Is Time
 			-3:00	Falk	FK%sT	1985 Sep 15
 			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	2010 Sep  5  2:00
 			-3:00	-	FKST
 
 # French Guiana
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Cayenne	-3:29:20 -	LMT	1911 Jul
 			-4:00	-	GFT	1967 Oct # French Guiana Time
 			-3:00	-	GFT
 
 # Guyana
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar    # Georgetown
 			-3:45	-	GBGT	1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time
 			-3:45	-	GYT	1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time
 			-3:00	-	GYT	1991
 # IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00.  Assume a 1991 switch.
 			-4:00	-	GYT
 
 # Paraguay
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are 01:00 -> 02:00,
 # and autumn transitions are 00:00 -> 23:00.  Go with pre-1999
 # editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
 #
 # From Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo (2013-09-20):
 # No time of the day is established for the adjustment, so people normally
 # adjust their clocks at 0 hour of the given dates.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Para	1975	1988	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1975	1978	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	1979	1991	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	1989	only	-	Oct	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1990	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1991	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1992	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	1992	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1993	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	1993	1995	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1994	1995	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	1996	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 # IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10; ignore this for now.
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-02):
 # I have three independent reports that Paraguay changed to DST this Sunday
 # (10-01).
 #
 # Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
 # Noticias, a daily paper in Asunción, Paraguay (2000-10-01):
 # http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm
 # Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
 # fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power....  The time change
 # system has been operating for several years.  Formerly there was a separate
 # decree each year; the new law has the same effect, but permanently.  Every
 # year, the time will change on the first Sunday of October; likewise, the
 # clock will be set back on the first Sunday of March.
 #
 Rule	Para	1996	2001	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Para	1997	only	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1999-02-28; IATA SSIM (1999-02) says 1999-02-27, but
 # (1999-09) reports no date; go with above sources and Gerd Knops (2001-02-27).
 Rule	Para	1998	2001	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 # From Rives McDow (2002-02-28):
 # A decree was issued in Paraguay (No. 16350) on 2002-02-26 that changed the
 # dst method to be from the first Sunday in September to the first Sunday in
 # April.
 Rule	Para	2002	2004	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	2002	2003	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 #
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
 # There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made
 # a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
 # Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05)
 # From Carlos Raúl Perasso via Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
 # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/decretos/D1867.pdf
 Rule	Para	2004	2009	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	2005	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
 # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2010-02-18):
 # By decree number 3958 issued yesterday
 # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/decreto3958.pdf
 # Paraguay changes its DST schedule, postponing the March rule to April and
 # modifying the October date. The decree reads:
 # ...
 # Art. 1. It is hereby established that from the second Sunday of the month of
 # April of this year (2010), the official time is to be set back 60 minutes,
 # and that on the first Sunday of the month of October, it is to be set
 # forward 60 minutes, in all the territory of the Paraguayan Republic.
 # ...
 Rule	Para	2010	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	2010	2012	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-07):
 # Paraguay will end DST on 2013-03-24 00:00....
 # http://www.ande.gov.py/interna.php?id=1075
 #
 # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2013-03-15):
 # The change in Paraguay is now final.  Decree number 10780
 # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/uploads/pdf/presidencia-3b86ff4b691c79d4f5927ca964922ec74772ce857c02ca054a52a37b49afc7fb.pdf
 # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2014-02-28):
 # Decree 1264 can be found at:
 # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/archivos/documentos/DECRETO1264_ey9r8zai.pdf
 Rule	Para	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890
 			-3:50:40 -	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asunción Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	PYT	1972 Oct    # Paraguay Time
 			-3:00	-	PYT	1974 Apr
 			-4:00	Para	PY%sT
 
 # Peru
 #
 # From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26)
 # :
 # When we were in Peru in 1985-1986, they apparently switched over
 # sometime between December 29 and January 3 while we were on the Amazon.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger don't have this transition.  Assume 1986 was like 1987.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Peru	1938	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1938	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Peru	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1939	1940	-	Mar	Sun>=24	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Peru	1986	1987	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1986	1987	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 # IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Lima	-5:08:12 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:08:36 -	LMT	1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time?
 			-5:00	Peru	PE%sT	# Peru Time
 
 # South Georgia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890 # Grytviken
 			-2:00	-	GST	# South Georgia Time
 
 # South Sandwich Is
 # uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
 
 # Suriname
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Paramaribo	-3:40:40 -	LMT	1911
 			-3:40:52 -	PMT	1935     # Paramaribo Mean Time
 			-3:40:36 -	PMT	1945 Oct    # The capital moved?
 			-3:30	-	NEGT	1975 Nov 20 # Dutch Guiana Time
 			-3:30	-	SRT	1984 Oct    # Suriname Time
 			-3:00	-	SRT
 
 # Trinidad and Tobago
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # These all agree with Trinidad and Tobago since 1970.
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Anguilla
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Antigua
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Dominica
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Grenada
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Guadeloupe
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot	# St Martin (French part)
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Montserrat
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy # St Barthélemy
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts	# St Kitts & Nevis
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Lucia
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas	# Virgin Islands (US)
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Vincent
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Tortola	# Virgin Islands (UK)
 
 # Uruguay
 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
 # Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Uruguay	1923	only	-	Oct	 2	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1924	1926	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1924	1925	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1933	1935	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	HS
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 1 0:00 & 1936 Mar 30 0:00; go with Whitman.
 Rule	Uruguay	1934	1936	-	Mar	Sat>=25	23:30s	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1936	only	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1937	1941	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Uruguay	1937	1940	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	HS
 # Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
 # and 1943 Apr 13 "to present time"; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Uruguay	1941	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1943	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	May	24	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	Nov	15	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Jan	17	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Mar	 6	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1965	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1965	only	-	Sep	26	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1966	1967	-	Oct	31	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1968	1970	-	May	27	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1968	1970	-	Dec	 2	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Apr	24	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Aug	15	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Mar	10	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Dec	22	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1976	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1977	only	-	Dec	 4	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1978	only	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1979	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1980	only	-	May	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1987	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Dec	11	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Mar	12	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger say no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
 # and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01.  Go with IATA.
 Rule	Uruguay	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1990	1991	-	Oct	Sun>=21	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1992	only	-	Oct	18	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1993	only	-	Feb	28	 0:00	0	-
 # From Eduardo Cota (2004-09-20):
 # The Uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time....
 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/decretos/2004091502.htm
 Rule	Uruguay	2004	only	-	Sep	19	 0:00	1:00	S
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-03-11):
 # Uruguay's DST was scheduled to end on Sunday, 2005-03-13, but in order to
 # save energy ... it was postponed two weeks....
 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/noticias/2005/03/2005031005.htm
 Rule	Uruguay	2005	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00	0	-
 # From Eduardo Cota (2005-09-27):
 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/decretos/2005/09/CM%20119_09%2009%202005_00001.PDF
 # This means that from 2005-10-09 at 02:00 local time, until 2006-03-12 at
 # 02:00 local time, official time in Uruguay will be at GMT -2.
 Rule	Uruguay	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	2006	only	-	Mar	12	 2:00	0	-
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_web/decretos/2006/09/CM%20210_08%2006%202006_00001.PDF
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-06-30):
 # ... it looks like they will not be using DST the coming summer:
 # http://www.elobservador.com.uy/gobierno-resolvio-que-no-habra-cambio-horario-verano-n656787
 # http://www.republica.com.uy/este-ano-no-se-modificara-el-huso-horario-en-uruguay/523760/
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-06-30):
 # Apparently restaurateurs complained that DST caused people to go to the beach
 # instead of out to dinner.
 # From Pablo Camargo (2015-07-13):
 # http://archivo.presidencia.gub.uy/sci/decretos/2015/06/cons_min_201.pdf
 # [dated 2015-06-29; repeals Decree 311/006 dated 2006-09-04]
 Rule	Uruguay	2006	2014	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	2007	2015	-	Mar	Sun>=8	 2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:44 -	LMT	1898 Jun 28
 			-3:44:44 -	MMT	1920 May  1 # Montevideo MT
 			-3:30	Uruguay	UY%sT	1942 Dec 14 # Uruguay Time
 			-3:00	Uruguay	UY%sT
 
 # Venezuela
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-28):
 # For the 1965 transition see Gaceta Oficial No. 27.619 (1964-12-15), p 205.533
 # http://www.pgr.gob.ve/dmdocuments/1964/27619.pdf
 #
 # From John Stainforth (2007-11-28):
 # ... the change for Venezuela originally expected for 2007-12-31 has
 # been brought forward to 2007-12-09.  The official announcement was
 # published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la República Bolivariana
 # de Venezuela, número 38.819" (official document for all laws or
 # resolution publication)
 # http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=72208
 
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-04-15):
+# https://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/204758-venezuela-modificar-huso-horario-sequia-elnino
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15):
+# Clocks advance 30 minutes on 2016-05-01 at 02:30....
+# "'Venezuela's new time-zone: hours without light, hours without water,
+# hours of presidential broadcasts, hours of lines,' quipped comedian
+# Jean Mary Curró ...". See: Cawthorne A, Kai D. Venezuela scraps
+# half-hour time difference set by Chavez. Reuters 2016-04-15 14:50 -0400
+# http://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-timezone-idUSKCN0XC2BE
+#
+# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-20):
+# ... published in the official Gazette [2016-04-18], here:
+# http://historico.tsj.gob.ve/gaceta_ext/abril/1842016/E-1842016-4551.pdf
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Caracas	-4:27:44 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:27:40 -	CMT	1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
 			-4:30	-	VET	1965 Jan  1  0:00 # Venezuela T.
 			-4:00	-	VET	2007 Dec  9  3:00
-			-4:30	-	VET
+			-4:30	-	VET	2016 May  1  2:30
+			-4:00	-	VET
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/version
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/version	(nonexistent)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/version	(revision 309577)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+2016i
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/zone.tab
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/zone.tab	(revision 309576)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/zone.tab	(revision 309577)
@@ -1,441 +1,446 @@
 # tz zone descriptions (deprecated version)
 #
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
 # This file is intended as a backward-compatibility aid for older programs.
 # New programs should use zone1970.tab.  This file is like zone1970.tab (see
 # zone1970.tab's comments), but with the following additional restrictions:
 #
 # 1.  This file contains only ASCII characters.
 # 2.  The first data column contains exactly one country code.
 #
 # Because of (2), each row stands for an area that is the intersection
 # of a region identified by a country code and of a zone where civil
 # clocks have agreed since 1970; this is a narrower definition than
 # that of zone1970.tab.
 #
 # This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
 # zone data entries appropriate for their practical needs.  It is not
 # intended to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
 #
 #country-
 #code	coordinates	TZ			comments
 AD	+4230+00131	Europe/Andorra
 AE	+2518+05518	Asia/Dubai
 AF	+3431+06912	Asia/Kabul
 AG	+1703-06148	America/Antigua
 AI	+1812-06304	America/Anguilla
 AL	+4120+01950	Europe/Tirane
 AM	+4011+04430	Asia/Yerevan
 AO	-0848+01314	Africa/Luanda
-AQ	-7750+16636	Antarctica/McMurdo	McMurdo, South Pole, Scott (New Zealand time)
-AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera Station, Adelaide Island
-AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer Station, Anvers Island
-AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson Station, Holme Bay
-AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
-AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
-AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok Station, Lake Vostok
-AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville Station, Adelie Land
-AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa Station, E Ongul I
-AQ	-720041+0023206	Antarctica/Troll	Troll Station, Queen Maud Land
+AQ	-7750+16636	Antarctica/McMurdo	New Zealand time - McMurdo, South Pole
+AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey
+AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis
+AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville
+AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson
+AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer
+AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera
+AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa
+AQ	-720041+0023206	Antarctica/Troll	Troll
+AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok
 AR	-3436-05827	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
-AR	-3124-06411	America/Argentina/Cordoba	most locations (CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
-AR	-2447-06525	America/Argentina/Salta	(SA, LP, NQ, RN)
+AR	-3124-06411	America/Argentina/Cordoba	Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
+AR	-2447-06525	America/Argentina/Salta	Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
 AR	-2411-06518	America/Argentina/Jujuy	Jujuy (JY)
 AR	-2649-06513	America/Argentina/Tucuman	Tucuman (TM)
-AR	-2828-06547	America/Argentina/Catamarca	Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
+AR	-2828-06547	America/Argentina/Catamarca	Catamarca (CT); Chubut (CH)
 AR	-2926-06651	America/Argentina/La_Rioja	La Rioja (LR)
 AR	-3132-06831	America/Argentina/San_Juan	San Juan (SJ)
 AR	-3253-06849	America/Argentina/Mendoza	Mendoza (MZ)
 AR	-3319-06621	America/Argentina/San_Luis	San Luis (SL)
 AR	-5138-06913	America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos	Santa Cruz (SC)
 AR	-5448-06818	America/Argentina/Ushuaia	Tierra del Fuego (TF)
 AS	-1416-17042	Pacific/Pago_Pago
 AT	+4813+01620	Europe/Vienna
 AU	-3133+15905	Australia/Lord_Howe	Lord Howe Island
 AU	-5430+15857	Antarctica/Macquarie	Macquarie Island
-AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania - most locations
-AU	-3956+14352	Australia/Currie	Tasmania - King Island
+AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania (most areas)
+AU	-3956+14352	Australia/Currie	Tasmania (King Island)
 AU	-3749+14458	Australia/Melbourne	Victoria
-AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales - most locations
-AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales - Yancowinna
-AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland - most locations
-AU	-2016+14900	Australia/Lindeman	Queensland - Holiday Islands
+AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales (most areas)
+AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales (Yancowinna)
+AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland (most areas)
+AU	-2016+14900	Australia/Lindeman	Queensland (Whitsunday Islands)
 AU	-3455+13835	Australia/Adelaide	South Australia
 AU	-1228+13050	Australia/Darwin	Northern Territory
-AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia - most locations
-AU	-3143+12852	Australia/Eucla	Western Australia - Eucla area
+AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia (most areas)
+AU	-3143+12852	Australia/Eucla	Western Australia (Eucla)
 AW	+1230-06958	America/Aruba
 AX	+6006+01957	Europe/Mariehamn
 AZ	+4023+04951	Asia/Baku
 BA	+4352+01825	Europe/Sarajevo
 BB	+1306-05937	America/Barbados
 BD	+2343+09025	Asia/Dhaka
 BE	+5050+00420	Europe/Brussels
 BF	+1222-00131	Africa/Ouagadougou
 BG	+4241+02319	Europe/Sofia
 BH	+2623+05035	Asia/Bahrain
 BI	-0323+02922	Africa/Bujumbura
 BJ	+0629+00237	Africa/Porto-Novo
 BL	+1753-06251	America/St_Barthelemy
 BM	+3217-06446	Atlantic/Bermuda
 BN	+0456+11455	Asia/Brunei
 BO	-1630-06809	America/La_Paz
 BQ	+120903-0681636	America/Kralendijk
 BR	-0351-03225	America/Noronha	Atlantic islands
-BR	-0127-04829	America/Belem	Amapa, E Para
-BR	-0343-03830	America/Fortaleza	NE Brazil (MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
+BR	-0127-04829	America/Belem	Para (east); Amapa
+BR	-0343-03830	America/Fortaleza	Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
 BR	-0803-03454	America/Recife	Pernambuco
 BR	-0712-04812	America/Araguaina	Tocantins
 BR	-0940-03543	America/Maceio	Alagoas, Sergipe
 BR	-1259-03831	America/Bahia	Bahia
-BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	S & SE Brazil (GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
+BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	Brazil (southeast: GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
 BR	-2027-05437	America/Campo_Grande	Mato Grosso do Sul
 BR	-1535-05605	America/Cuiaba	Mato Grosso
-BR	-0226-05452	America/Santarem	W Para
+BR	-0226-05452	America/Santarem	Para (west)
 BR	-0846-06354	America/Porto_Velho	Rondonia
 BR	+0249-06040	America/Boa_Vista	Roraima
-BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	E Amazonas
-BR	-0640-06952	America/Eirunepe	W Amazonas
+BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	Amazonas (east)
+BR	-0640-06952	America/Eirunepe	Amazonas (west)
 BR	-0958-06748	America/Rio_Branco	Acre
 BS	+2505-07721	America/Nassau
 BT	+2728+08939	Asia/Thimphu
 BW	-2439+02555	Africa/Gaborone
 BY	+5354+02734	Europe/Minsk
 BZ	+1730-08812	America/Belize
-CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland Time, including SE Labrador
-CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (peninsula), PEI
-CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (Cape Breton)
-CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic Time - New Brunswick
-CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic Time - Labrador - most locations
-CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	Atlantic Standard Time - Quebec - Lower North Shore
-CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations
-CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
-CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
-CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern Time - east Nunavut - most locations
-CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
-CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central Time - Resolute, Nunavut
-CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	Eastern Standard Time - Atikokan, Ontario and Southampton I, Nunavut
-CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central Time - central Nunavut
-CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
-CA	+4843-09434	America/Rainy_River	Central Time - Rainy River & Fort Frances, Ontario
-CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - most locations
-CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - midwest
-CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain Time - Alberta, east British Columbia & west Saskatchewan
-CA	+690650-1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain Time - west Nunavut
-CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain Time - central Northwest Territories
-CA	+682059-1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain Time - west Northwest Territories
-CA	+4906-11631	America/Creston	Mountain Standard Time - Creston, British Columbia
-CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	Mountain Standard Time - Dawson Creek & Fort Saint John, British Columbia
-CA	+5848-12242	America/Fort_Nelson	Mountain Standard Time - Fort Nelson, British Columbia
-CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific Time - west British Columbia
-CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	Pacific Time - south Yukon
-CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	Pacific Time - north Yukon
+CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland; Labrador (southeast)
+CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic - NS (most areas); PE
+CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton)
+CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic - New Brunswick
+CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic - Labrador (most areas)
+CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	AST - QC (Lower North Shore)
+CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern - ON, QC (most areas)
+CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern - ON, QC (no DST 1967-73)
+CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern - ON (Thunder Bay)
+CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern - NU (most east areas)
+CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern - NU (Pangnirtung)
+CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H)
+CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central - ON (west); Manitoba
+CA	+4843-09434	America/Rainy_River	Central - ON (Rainy R, Ft Frances)
+CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central - NU (Resolute)
+CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central - NU (central)
+CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	CST - SK (most areas)
+CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	CST - SK (midwest)
+CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain - AB; BC (E); SK (W)
+CA	+690650-1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain - NU (west)
+CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain - NT (central)
+CA	+682059-1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain - NT (west)
+CA	+4906-11631	America/Creston	MST - BC (Creston)
+CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
+CA	+5848-12242	America/Fort_Nelson	MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
+CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific - BC (most areas)
+CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	Pacific - Yukon (south)
+CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	Pacific - Yukon (north)
 CC	-1210+09655	Indian/Cocos
-CD	-0418+01518	Africa/Kinshasa	west Dem. Rep. of Congo
-CD	-1140+02728	Africa/Lubumbashi	east Dem. Rep. of Congo
+CD	-0418+01518	Africa/Kinshasa	Dem. Rep. of Congo (west)
+CD	-1140+02728	Africa/Lubumbashi	Dem. Rep. of Congo (east)
 CF	+0422+01835	Africa/Bangui
 CG	-0416+01517	Africa/Brazzaville
 CH	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich
 CI	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
 CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
-CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	most locations
+CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	Chile (most areas)
 CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
 CM	+0403+00942	Africa/Douala
 CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	Beijing Time
 CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	Xinjiang Time
 CO	+0436-07405	America/Bogota
 CR	+0956-08405	America/Costa_Rica
 CU	+2308-08222	America/Havana
 CV	+1455-02331	Atlantic/Cape_Verde
 CW	+1211-06900	America/Curacao
 CX	-1025+10543	Indian/Christmas
-CY	+3510+03322	Asia/Nicosia
+CY	+3510+03322	Asia/Nicosia	Cyprus (most areas)
+CY	+3507+03357	Asia/Famagusta	Northern Cyprus
 CZ	+5005+01426	Europe/Prague
-DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin	most locations
+DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin	Germany (most areas)
 DE	+4742+00841	Europe/Busingen	Busingen
 DJ	+1136+04309	Africa/Djibouti
 DK	+5540+01235	Europe/Copenhagen
 DM	+1518-06124	America/Dominica
 DO	+1828-06954	America/Santo_Domingo
 DZ	+3647+00303	Africa/Algiers
-EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	mainland
+EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	Ecuador (mainland)
 EC	-0054-08936	Pacific/Galapagos	Galapagos Islands
 EE	+5925+02445	Europe/Tallinn
 EG	+3003+03115	Africa/Cairo
 EH	+2709-01312	Africa/El_Aaiun
 ER	+1520+03853	Africa/Asmara
-ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	mainland
-ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta & Melilla
+ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	Spain (mainland)
+ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta, Melilla
 ES	+2806-01524	Atlantic/Canary	Canary Islands
 ET	+0902+03842	Africa/Addis_Ababa
 FI	+6010+02458	Europe/Helsinki
 FJ	-1808+17825	Pacific/Fiji
 FK	-5142-05751	Atlantic/Stanley
-FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Chuuk	Chuuk (Truk) and Yap
-FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Pohnpei	Pohnpei (Ponape)
+FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Chuuk	Chuuk/Truk, Yap
+FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Pohnpei	Pohnpei/Ponape
 FM	+0519+16259	Pacific/Kosrae	Kosrae
 FO	+6201-00646	Atlantic/Faroe
 FR	+4852+00220	Europe/Paris
 GA	+0023+00927	Africa/Libreville
 GB	+513030-0000731	Europe/London
 GD	+1203-06145	America/Grenada
 GE	+4143+04449	Asia/Tbilisi
 GF	+0456-05220	America/Cayenne
 GG	+4927-00232	Europe/Guernsey
 GH	+0533-00013	Africa/Accra
 GI	+3608-00521	Europe/Gibraltar
-GL	+6411-05144	America/Godthab	most locations
-GL	+7646-01840	America/Danmarkshavn	east coast, north of Scoresbysund
-GL	+7029-02158	America/Scoresbysund	Scoresbysund / Ittoqqortoormiit
-GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	Thule / Pituffik
+GL	+6411-05144	America/Godthab	Greenland (most areas)
+GL	+7646-01840	America/Danmarkshavn	National Park (east coast)
+GL	+7029-02158	America/Scoresbysund	Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit
+GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	Thule/Pituffik
 GM	+1328-01639	Africa/Banjul
 GN	+0931-01343	Africa/Conakry
 GP	+1614-06132	America/Guadeloupe
 GQ	+0345+00847	Africa/Malabo
 GR	+3758+02343	Europe/Athens
 GS	-5416-03632	Atlantic/South_Georgia
 GT	+1438-09031	America/Guatemala
 GU	+1328+14445	Pacific/Guam
 GW	+1151-01535	Africa/Bissau
 GY	+0648-05810	America/Guyana
 HK	+2217+11409	Asia/Hong_Kong
 HN	+1406-08713	America/Tegucigalpa
 HR	+4548+01558	Europe/Zagreb
 HT	+1832-07220	America/Port-au-Prince
 HU	+4730+01905	Europe/Budapest
-ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java & Sumatra
-ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	west & central Borneo
-ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Makassar	east & south Borneo, Sulawesi (Celebes), Bali, Nusa Tengarra, west Timor
-ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	west New Guinea (Irian Jaya) & Malukus (Moluccas)
+ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java, Sumatra
+ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	Borneo (west, central)
+ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Makassar	Borneo (east, south); Sulawesi/Celebes, Bali, Nusa Tengarra; Timor (west)
+ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	New Guinea (West Papua / Irian Jaya); Malukus/Moluccas
 IE	+5320-00615	Europe/Dublin
 IL	+314650+0351326	Asia/Jerusalem
 IM	+5409-00428	Europe/Isle_of_Man
 IN	+2232+08822	Asia/Kolkata
 IO	-0720+07225	Indian/Chagos
 IQ	+3321+04425	Asia/Baghdad
 IR	+3540+05126	Asia/Tehran
 IS	+6409-02151	Atlantic/Reykjavik
 IT	+4154+01229	Europe/Rome
 JE	+4912-00207	Europe/Jersey
 JM	+175805-0764736	America/Jamaica
 JO	+3157+03556	Asia/Amman
 JP	+353916+1394441	Asia/Tokyo
 KE	-0117+03649	Africa/Nairobi
 KG	+4254+07436	Asia/Bishkek
 KH	+1133+10455	Asia/Phnom_Penh
 KI	+0125+17300	Pacific/Tarawa	Gilbert Islands
 KI	-0308-17105	Pacific/Enderbury	Phoenix Islands
 KI	+0152-15720	Pacific/Kiritimati	Line Islands
 KM	-1141+04316	Indian/Comoro
 KN	+1718-06243	America/St_Kitts
 KP	+3901+12545	Asia/Pyongyang
 KR	+3733+12658	Asia/Seoul
 KW	+2920+04759	Asia/Kuwait
 KY	+1918-08123	America/Cayman
-KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	most locations
-KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda (Kyzylorda, Kzyl-Orda)
-KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtobe (Aktobe)
-KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Atyrau (Atirau, Gur'yev), Mangghystau (Mankistau)
+KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	Kazakhstan (most areas)
+KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda/Kyzylorda/Kzyl-Orda
+KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtobe/Aktobe
+KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Atyrau/Atirau/Gur'yev, Mangghystau/Mankistau
 KZ	+5113+05121	Asia/Oral	West Kazakhstan
 LA	+1758+10236	Asia/Vientiane
 LB	+3353+03530	Asia/Beirut
 LC	+1401-06100	America/St_Lucia
 LI	+4709+00931	Europe/Vaduz
 LK	+0656+07951	Asia/Colombo
 LR	+0618-01047	Africa/Monrovia
 LS	-2928+02730	Africa/Maseru
 LT	+5441+02519	Europe/Vilnius
 LU	+4936+00609	Europe/Luxembourg
 LV	+5657+02406	Europe/Riga
 LY	+3254+01311	Africa/Tripoli
 MA	+3339-00735	Africa/Casablanca
 MC	+4342+00723	Europe/Monaco
 MD	+4700+02850	Europe/Chisinau
 ME	+4226+01916	Europe/Podgorica
 MF	+1804-06305	America/Marigot
 MG	-1855+04731	Indian/Antananarivo
-MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	most locations
+MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	Marshall Islands (most areas)
 MH	+0905+16720	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
 MK	+4159+02126	Europe/Skopje
 ML	+1239-00800	Africa/Bamako
-MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Rangoon
-MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	most locations
+MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Yangon
+MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Mongolia (most areas)
 MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Olgiy, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
 MN	+4804+11430	Asia/Choibalsan	Dornod, Sukhbaatar
 MO	+2214+11335	Asia/Macau
 MP	+1512+14545	Pacific/Saipan
 MQ	+1436-06105	America/Martinique
 MR	+1806-01557	Africa/Nouakchott
 MS	+1643-06213	America/Montserrat
 MT	+3554+01431	Europe/Malta
 MU	-2010+05730	Indian/Mauritius
 MV	+0410+07330	Indian/Maldives
 MW	-1547+03500	Africa/Blantyre
-MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time - most locations
+MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time
 MX	+2105-08646	America/Cancun	Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo
 MX	+2058-08937	America/Merida	Central Time - Campeche, Yucatan
-MX	+2540-10019	America/Monterrey	Mexican Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas away from US border
-MX	+2550-09730	America/Matamoros	US Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas near US border
-MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - S Baja, Nayarit, Sinaloa
-MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mexican Mountain Time - Chihuahua away from US border
-MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	US Mountain Time - Chihuahua near US border
+MX	+2540-10019	America/Monterrey	Central Time - Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (most areas)
+MX	+2550-09730	America/Matamoros	Central Time US - Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (US border)
+MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
+MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mountain Time - Chihuahua (most areas)
+MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	Mountain Time US - Chihuahua (US border)
 MX	+2904-11058	America/Hermosillo	Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
-MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	US Pacific Time - Baja California near US border
-MX	+3018-11452	America/Santa_Isabel	Mexican Pacific Time - Baja California away from US border
-MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Mexican Central Time - Bahia de Banderas
-MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	peninsular Malaysia
-MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah & Sarawak
+MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	Pacific Time US - Baja California
+MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Central Time - Bahia de Banderas
+MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	Malaysia (peninsula)
+MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah, Sarawak
 MZ	-2558+03235	Africa/Maputo
 NA	-2234+01706	Africa/Windhoek
 NC	-2216+16627	Pacific/Noumea
 NE	+1331+00207	Africa/Niamey
 NF	-2903+16758	Pacific/Norfolk
 NG	+0627+00324	Africa/Lagos
 NI	+1209-08617	America/Managua
 NL	+5222+00454	Europe/Amsterdam
 NO	+5955+01045	Europe/Oslo
 NP	+2743+08519	Asia/Kathmandu
 NR	-0031+16655	Pacific/Nauru
 NU	-1901-16955	Pacific/Niue
-NZ	-3652+17446	Pacific/Auckland	most locations
+NZ	-3652+17446	Pacific/Auckland	New Zealand (most areas)
 NZ	-4357-17633	Pacific/Chatham	Chatham Islands
 OM	+2336+05835	Asia/Muscat
 PA	+0858-07932	America/Panama
 PE	-1203-07703	America/Lima
 PF	-1732-14934	Pacific/Tahiti	Society Islands
 PF	-0900-13930	Pacific/Marquesas	Marquesas Islands
 PF	-2308-13457	Pacific/Gambier	Gambier Islands
-PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby	most locations
+PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Papua New Guinea (most areas)
 PG	-0613+15534	Pacific/Bougainville	Bougainville
 PH	+1435+12100	Asia/Manila
 PK	+2452+06703	Asia/Karachi
 PL	+5215+02100	Europe/Warsaw
 PM	+4703-05620	America/Miquelon
 PN	-2504-13005	Pacific/Pitcairn
 PR	+182806-0660622	America/Puerto_Rico
 PS	+3130+03428	Asia/Gaza	Gaza Strip
 PS	+313200+0350542	Asia/Hebron	West Bank
-PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	mainland
+PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	Portugal (mainland)
 PT	+3238-01654	Atlantic/Madeira	Madeira Islands
 PT	+3744-02540	Atlantic/Azores	Azores
 PW	+0720+13429	Pacific/Palau
 PY	-2516-05740	America/Asuncion
 QA	+2517+05132	Asia/Qatar
 RE	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion
 RO	+4426+02606	Europe/Bucharest
 RS	+4450+02030	Europe/Belgrade
-RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad
-RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	Moscow+00 - west Russia
-RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	Moscow+00 - Crimea
-RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
-RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	Moscow+00 (Moscow+01 after 2014-10-26) - Samara, Udmurtia
-RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	Moscow+02 - Urals
-RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	Moscow+03 - west Siberia
-RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk
-RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	Moscow+03 (Moscow+04 after 2014-10-26) - Kemerovo
-RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
-RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal
-RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	Moscow+06 (Moscow+05 after 2014-10-26) - Zabaykalsky
-RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	Moscow+06 - Lena River
-RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	Moscow+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
-RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	Moscow+07 - Amur River
-RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island
-RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	Moscow+07 - Oymyakonsky
-RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	Moscow+08 (Moscow+07 after 2014-10-26) - Magadan
-RU	+6728+15343	Asia/Srednekolymsk	Moscow+08 - E Sakha, N Kuril Is
-RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Kamchatka
-RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Bering Sea
+RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
+RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	MSK+00 - Moscow area
+RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	MSK+00 - Crimea
+RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	MSK+00 - Volgograd, Saratov
+RU	+5836+04939	Europe/Kirov	MSK+00 - Kirov
+RU	+4621+04803	Europe/Astrakhan	MSK+01 - Astrakhan
+RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	MSK+01 - Samara, Udmurtia
+RU	+5420+04824	Europe/Ulyanovsk	MSK+01 - Ulyanovsk
+RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	MSK+02 - Urals
+RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	MSK+03 - Omsk
+RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	MSK+03 - Novosibirsk
+RU	+5322+08345	Asia/Barnaul	MSK+04 - Altai
+RU	+5630+08458	Asia/Tomsk	MSK+04 - Tomsk
+RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	MSK+04 - Kemerovo
+RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	MSK+04 - Krasnoyarsk area
+RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	MSK+05 - Irkutsk, Buryatia
+RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	MSK+06 - Zabaykalsky
+RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	MSK+06 - Lena River
+RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	MSK+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
+RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	MSK+07 - Amur River
+RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	MSK+07 - Oymyakonsky
+RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	MSK+08 - Magadan
+RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	MSK+08 - Sakhalin Island
+RU	+6728+15343	Asia/Srednekolymsk	MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is
+RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	MSK+09 - Kamchatka
+RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	MSK+09 - Bering Sea
 RW	-0157+03004	Africa/Kigali
 SA	+2438+04643	Asia/Riyadh
 SB	-0932+16012	Pacific/Guadalcanal
 SC	-0440+05528	Indian/Mahe
 SD	+1536+03232	Africa/Khartoum
 SE	+5920+01803	Europe/Stockholm
 SG	+0117+10351	Asia/Singapore
 SH	-1555-00542	Atlantic/St_Helena
 SI	+4603+01431	Europe/Ljubljana
 SJ	+7800+01600	Arctic/Longyearbyen
 SK	+4809+01707	Europe/Bratislava
 SL	+0830-01315	Africa/Freetown
 SM	+4355+01228	Europe/San_Marino
 SN	+1440-01726	Africa/Dakar
 SO	+0204+04522	Africa/Mogadishu
 SR	+0550-05510	America/Paramaribo
 SS	+0451+03136	Africa/Juba
 ST	+0020+00644	Africa/Sao_Tome
 SV	+1342-08912	America/El_Salvador
 SX	+180305-0630250	America/Lower_Princes
 SY	+3330+03618	Asia/Damascus
 SZ	-2618+03106	Africa/Mbabane
 TC	+2128-07108	America/Grand_Turk
 TD	+1207+01503	Africa/Ndjamena
 TF	-492110+0701303	Indian/Kerguelen
 TG	+0608+00113	Africa/Lome
 TH	+1345+10031	Asia/Bangkok
 TJ	+3835+06848	Asia/Dushanbe
 TK	-0922-17114	Pacific/Fakaofo
 TL	-0833+12535	Asia/Dili
 TM	+3757+05823	Asia/Ashgabat
 TN	+3648+01011	Africa/Tunis
 TO	-2110-17510	Pacific/Tongatapu
 TR	+4101+02858	Europe/Istanbul
 TT	+1039-06131	America/Port_of_Spain
 TV	-0831+17913	Pacific/Funafuti
 TW	+2503+12130	Asia/Taipei
 TZ	-0648+03917	Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
-UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	most locations
+UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	Ukraine (most areas)
 UA	+4837+02218	Europe/Uzhgorod	Ruthenia
-UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye, E Lugansk / Zaporizhia, E Luhansk
+UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye/Zaporizhia; Lugansk/Luhansk (east)
 UG	+0019+03225	Africa/Kampala
 UM	+1645-16931	Pacific/Johnston	Johnston Atoll
 UM	+2813-17722	Pacific/Midway	Midway Islands
 UM	+1917+16637	Pacific/Wake	Wake Island
-US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern Time
-US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern Time - Michigan - most locations
-US	+381515-0854534	America/Kentucky/Louisville	Eastern Time - Kentucky - Louisville area
-US	+364947-0845057	America/Kentucky/Monticello	Eastern Time - Kentucky - Wayne County
-US	+394606-0860929	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	Eastern Time - Indiana - most locations
-US	+384038-0873143	America/Indiana/Vincennes	Eastern Time - Indiana - Daviess, Dubois, Knox & Martin Counties
-US	+410305-0863611	America/Indiana/Winamac	Eastern Time - Indiana - Pulaski County
-US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern Time - Indiana - Crawford County
-US	+382931-0871643	America/Indiana/Petersburg	Eastern Time - Indiana - Pike County
-US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern Time - Indiana - Switzerland County
-US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central Time
-US	+375711-0864541	America/Indiana/Tell_City	Central Time - Indiana - Perry County
-US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Central Time - Indiana - Starke County
-US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central Time - Michigan - Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron & Menominee Counties
-US	+470659-1011757	America/North_Dakota/Center	Central Time - North Dakota - Oliver County
-US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central Time - North Dakota - Morton County (except Mandan area)
-US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central Time - North Dakota - Mercer County
-US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain Time
-US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
-US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	Mountain Standard Time - Arizona (except Navajo)
-US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific Time
-US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Pacific Standard Time - Annette Island, Alaska
-US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska Time
-US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
-US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska Time - southeast Alaska panhandle
-US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck
-US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska Time - west Alaska
+US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern (most areas)
+US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern - MI (most areas)
+US	+381515-0854534	America/Kentucky/Louisville	Eastern - KY (Louisville area)
+US	+364947-0845057	America/Kentucky/Monticello	Eastern - KY (Wayne)
+US	+394606-0860929	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	Eastern - IN (most areas)
+US	+384038-0873143	America/Indiana/Vincennes	Eastern - IN (Da, Du, K, Mn)
+US	+410305-0863611	America/Indiana/Winamac	Eastern - IN (Pulaski)
+US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern - IN (Crawford)
+US	+382931-0871643	America/Indiana/Petersburg	Eastern - IN (Pike)
+US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern - IN (Switzerland)
+US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central (most areas)
+US	+375711-0864541	America/Indiana/Tell_City	Central - IN (Perry)
+US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Central - IN (Starke)
+US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central - MI (Wisconsin border)
+US	+470659-1011757	America/North_Dakota/Center	Central - ND (Oliver)
+US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central - ND (Morton rural)
+US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central - ND (Mercer)
+US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain (most areas)
+US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain - ID (south); OR (east)
+US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	MST - Arizona (except Navajo)
+US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific
+US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska (most areas)
+US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska - Juneau area
+US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska - Sitka area
+US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Alaska - Annette Island
+US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska - Yakutat
+US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska (west)
 US	+515248-1763929	America/Adak	Aleutian Islands
 US	+211825-1575130	Pacific/Honolulu	Hawaii
 UY	-3453-05611	America/Montevideo
-UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	west Uzbekistan
-UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent	east Uzbekistan
+UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	Uzbekistan (west)
+UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent	Uzbekistan (east)
 VA	+415408+0122711	Europe/Vatican
 VC	+1309-06114	America/St_Vincent
 VE	+1030-06656	America/Caracas
 VG	+1827-06437	America/Tortola
 VI	+1821-06456	America/St_Thomas
 VN	+1045+10640	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh
 VU	-1740+16825	Pacific/Efate
 WF	-1318-17610	Pacific/Wallis
 WS	-1350-17144	Pacific/Apia
 YE	+1245+04512	Asia/Aden
 YT	-1247+04514	Indian/Mayotte
 ZA	-2615+02800	Africa/Johannesburg
 ZM	-1525+02817	Africa/Lusaka
 ZW	-1750+03103	Africa/Harare
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/zone1970.tab
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/zone1970.tab	(revision 309576)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/zone1970.tab	(revision 309577)
@@ -1,374 +1,378 @@
 # tz zone descriptions
 #
 # This file is in the public domain.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
 # This file contains a table where each row stands for a zone where
 # civil time stamps have agreed since 1970.  Columns are separated by
 # a single tab.  Lines beginning with '#' are comments.  All text uses
 # UTF-8 encoding.  The columns of the table are as follows:
 #
 # 1.  The countries that overlap the zone, as a comma-separated list
 #     of ISO 3166 2-character country codes.
 #     See the file '/usr/share/misc/iso3166'.
 # 2.  Latitude and longitude of the zone's principal location
 #     in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format,
 #     either +-DDMM+-DDDMM or +-DDMMSS+-DDDMMSS,
 #     first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
 # 3.  Zone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
 #     Please see the 'Theory' file for how zone names are chosen.
 #     If multiple zones overlap a country, each has a row in the
 #     table, with each column 1 containing the country code.
 # 4.  Comments; present if and only if a country has multiple zones.
 #
 # If a zone covers multiple countries, the most-populous city is used,
 # and that country is listed first in column 1; any other countries
 # are listed alphabetically by country code.  The table is sorted
 # first by country code, then (if possible) by an order within the
 # country that (1) makes some geographical sense, and (2) puts the
 # most populous zones first, where that does not contradict (1).
 #
 # This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
 # zone data entries appropriate for their practical needs.  It is not
 # intended to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
 #
 #country-
 #codes	coordinates	TZ	comments
 AD	+4230+00131	Europe/Andorra
 AE,OM	+2518+05518	Asia/Dubai
 AF	+3431+06912	Asia/Kabul
 AL	+4120+01950	Europe/Tirane
 AM	+4011+04430	Asia/Yerevan
-AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera Station, Adelaide Island
-AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer Station, Anvers Island
-AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson Station, Holme Bay
-AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
-AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
-AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok Station, Lake Vostok
-AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville Station, Adélie Land
-AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa Station, E Ongul I
-AQ	-720041+0023206	Antarctica/Troll	Troll Station, Queen Maud Land
+AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey
+AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis
+AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville
+AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson
+AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer
+AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera
+AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa
+AQ	-720041+0023206	Antarctica/Troll	Troll
+AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok
 AR	-3436-05827	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
-AR	-3124-06411	America/Argentina/Cordoba	most locations (CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
-AR	-2447-06525	America/Argentina/Salta	(SA, LP, NQ, RN)
+AR	-3124-06411	America/Argentina/Cordoba	Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
+AR	-2447-06525	America/Argentina/Salta	Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
 AR	-2411-06518	America/Argentina/Jujuy	Jujuy (JY)
 AR	-2649-06513	America/Argentina/Tucuman	Tucumán (TM)
-AR	-2828-06547	America/Argentina/Catamarca	Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
+AR	-2828-06547	America/Argentina/Catamarca	Catamarca (CT); Chubut (CH)
 AR	-2926-06651	America/Argentina/La_Rioja	La Rioja (LR)
 AR	-3132-06831	America/Argentina/San_Juan	San Juan (SJ)
 AR	-3253-06849	America/Argentina/Mendoza	Mendoza (MZ)
 AR	-3319-06621	America/Argentina/San_Luis	San Luis (SL)
 AR	-5138-06913	America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos	Santa Cruz (SC)
 AR	-5448-06818	America/Argentina/Ushuaia	Tierra del Fuego (TF)
 AS,UM	-1416-17042	Pacific/Pago_Pago	Samoa, Midway
 AT	+4813+01620	Europe/Vienna
 AU	-3133+15905	Australia/Lord_Howe	Lord Howe Island
 AU	-5430+15857	Antarctica/Macquarie	Macquarie Island
-AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania - most locations
-AU	-3956+14352	Australia/Currie	Tasmania - King Island
+AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania (most areas)
+AU	-3956+14352	Australia/Currie	Tasmania (King Island)
 AU	-3749+14458	Australia/Melbourne	Victoria
-AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales - most locations
-AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales - Yancowinna
-AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland - most locations
-AU	-2016+14900	Australia/Lindeman	Queensland - Holiday Islands
+AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales (most areas)
+AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales (Yancowinna)
+AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland (most areas)
+AU	-2016+14900	Australia/Lindeman	Queensland (Whitsunday Islands)
 AU	-3455+13835	Australia/Adelaide	South Australia
 AU	-1228+13050	Australia/Darwin	Northern Territory
-AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia - most locations
-AU	-3143+12852	Australia/Eucla	Western Australia - Eucla area
+AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia (most areas)
+AU	-3143+12852	Australia/Eucla	Western Australia (Eucla)
 AZ	+4023+04951	Asia/Baku
 BB	+1306-05937	America/Barbados
 BD	+2343+09025	Asia/Dhaka
 BE	+5050+00420	Europe/Brussels
 BG	+4241+02319	Europe/Sofia
 BM	+3217-06446	Atlantic/Bermuda
 BN	+0456+11455	Asia/Brunei
 BO	-1630-06809	America/La_Paz
 BR	-0351-03225	America/Noronha	Atlantic islands
-BR	-0127-04829	America/Belem	Amapá, E Pará
-BR	-0343-03830	America/Fortaleza	NE Brazil (MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
+BR	-0127-04829	America/Belem	Pará (east); Amapá
+BR	-0343-03830	America/Fortaleza	Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
 BR	-0803-03454	America/Recife	Pernambuco
 BR	-0712-04812	America/Araguaina	Tocantins
 BR	-0940-03543	America/Maceio	Alagoas, Sergipe
 BR	-1259-03831	America/Bahia	Bahia
-BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	S & SE Brazil (GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
+BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	Brazil (southeast: GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
 BR	-2027-05437	America/Campo_Grande	Mato Grosso do Sul
 BR	-1535-05605	America/Cuiaba	Mato Grosso
-BR	-0226-05452	America/Santarem	W Pará
+BR	-0226-05452	America/Santarem	Pará (west)
 BR	-0846-06354	America/Porto_Velho	Rondônia
 BR	+0249-06040	America/Boa_Vista	Roraima
-BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	E Amazonas
-BR	-0640-06952	America/Eirunepe	W Amazonas
+BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	Amazonas (east)
+BR	-0640-06952	America/Eirunepe	Amazonas (west)
 BR	-0958-06748	America/Rio_Branco	Acre
 BS	+2505-07721	America/Nassau
 BT	+2728+08939	Asia/Thimphu
 BY	+5354+02734	Europe/Minsk
 BZ	+1730-08812	America/Belize
-CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland Time, including SE Labrador
-CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (peninsula), PEI
-CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (Cape Breton)
-CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic Time - New Brunswick
-CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic Time - Labrador - most locations
-CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	Atlantic Standard Time - Quebec - Lower North Shore
-CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations
-CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
-CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
-CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern Time - east Nunavut - most locations
-CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
-CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central Time - Resolute, Nunavut
-CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	Eastern Standard Time - Atikokan, Ontario and Southampton I, Nunavut
-CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central Time - central Nunavut
-CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
-CA	+4843-09434	America/Rainy_River	Central Time - Rainy River & Fort Frances, Ontario
-CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - most locations
-CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - midwest
-CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain Time - Alberta, east British Columbia & west Saskatchewan
-CA	+690650-1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain Time - west Nunavut
-CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain Time - central Northwest Territories
-CA	+682059-1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain Time - west Northwest Territories
-CA	+4906-11631	America/Creston	Mountain Standard Time - Creston, British Columbia
-CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	Mountain Standard Time - Dawson Creek & Fort Saint John, British Columbia
-CA	+5848-12242	America/Fort_Nelson	Mountain Standard Time - Fort Nelson, British Columbia
-CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific Time - west British Columbia
-CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	Pacific Time - south Yukon
-CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	Pacific Time - north Yukon
+CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland; Labrador (southeast)
+CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic - NS (most areas); PE
+CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton)
+CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic - New Brunswick
+CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic - Labrador (most areas)
+CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	AST - QC (Lower North Shore)
+CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern - ON, QC (most areas)
+CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern - ON, QC (no DST 1967-73)
+CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern - ON (Thunder Bay)
+CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern - NU (most east areas)
+CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern - NU (Pangnirtung)
+CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H)
+CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central - ON (west); Manitoba
+CA	+4843-09434	America/Rainy_River	Central - ON (Rainy R, Ft Frances)
+CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central - NU (Resolute)
+CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central - NU (central)
+CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	CST - SK (most areas)
+CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	CST - SK (midwest)
+CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain - AB; BC (E); SK (W)
+CA	+690650-1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain - NU (west)
+CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain - NT (central)
+CA	+682059-1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain - NT (west)
+CA	+4906-11631	America/Creston	MST - BC (Creston)
+CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
+CA	+5848-12242	America/Fort_Nelson	MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
+CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific - BC (most areas)
+CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	Pacific - Yukon (south)
+CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	Pacific - Yukon (north)
 CC	-1210+09655	Indian/Cocos
 CH,DE,LI	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich	Swiss time
 CI,BF,GM,GN,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,ST,TG	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
 CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
-CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	most locations
+CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	Chile (most areas)
 CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
 CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	Beijing Time
 CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	Xinjiang Time
 CO	+0436-07405	America/Bogota
 CR	+0956-08405	America/Costa_Rica
 CU	+2308-08222	America/Havana
 CV	+1455-02331	Atlantic/Cape_Verde
 CW,AW,BQ,SX	+1211-06900	America/Curacao
 CX	-1025+10543	Indian/Christmas
-CY	+3510+03322	Asia/Nicosia
+CY	+3510+03322	Asia/Nicosia	Cyprus (most areas)
+CY	+3507+03357	Asia/Famagusta	Northern Cyprus
 CZ,SK	+5005+01426	Europe/Prague
-DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin	Berlin time
+DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin	Germany (most areas)
 DK	+5540+01235	Europe/Copenhagen
 DO	+1828-06954	America/Santo_Domingo
 DZ	+3647+00303	Africa/Algiers
-EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	mainland
+EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	Ecuador (mainland)
 EC	-0054-08936	Pacific/Galapagos	Galápagos Islands
 EE	+5925+02445	Europe/Tallinn
 EG	+3003+03115	Africa/Cairo
 EH	+2709-01312	Africa/El_Aaiun
-ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	mainland
-ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta & Melilla
+ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	Spain (mainland)
+ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta, Melilla
 ES	+2806-01524	Atlantic/Canary	Canary Islands
 FI,AX	+6010+02458	Europe/Helsinki
 FJ	-1808+17825	Pacific/Fiji
 FK	-5142-05751	Atlantic/Stanley
-FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Chuuk	Chuuk (Truk) and Yap
-FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Pohnpei	Pohnpei (Ponape)
+FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Chuuk	Chuuk/Truk, Yap
+FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Pohnpei	Pohnpei/Ponape
 FM	+0519+16259	Pacific/Kosrae	Kosrae
 FO	+6201-00646	Atlantic/Faroe
 FR	+4852+00220	Europe/Paris
 GB,GG,IM,JE	+513030-0000731	Europe/London
 GE	+4143+04449	Asia/Tbilisi
 GF	+0456-05220	America/Cayenne
 GH	+0533-00013	Africa/Accra
 GI	+3608-00521	Europe/Gibraltar
-GL	+6411-05144	America/Godthab	most locations
-GL	+7646-01840	America/Danmarkshavn	east coast, north of Scoresbysund
-GL	+7029-02158	America/Scoresbysund	Scoresbysund / Ittoqqortoormiit
-GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	Thule / Pituffik
+GL	+6411-05144	America/Godthab	Greenland (most areas)
+GL	+7646-01840	America/Danmarkshavn	National Park (east coast)
+GL	+7029-02158	America/Scoresbysund	Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit
+GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	Thule/Pituffik
 GR	+3758+02343	Europe/Athens
 GS	-5416-03632	Atlantic/South_Georgia
 GT	+1438-09031	America/Guatemala
 GU,MP	+1328+14445	Pacific/Guam
 GW	+1151-01535	Africa/Bissau
 GY	+0648-05810	America/Guyana
 HK	+2217+11409	Asia/Hong_Kong
 HN	+1406-08713	America/Tegucigalpa
 HT	+1832-07220	America/Port-au-Prince
 HU	+4730+01905	Europe/Budapest
-ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java & Sumatra
-ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	west & central Borneo
-ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Makassar	east & south Borneo, Sulawesi (Celebes), Bali, Nusa Tengarra, west Timor
-ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	west New Guinea (Irian Jaya) & Malukus (Moluccas)
+ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java, Sumatra
+ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	Borneo (west, central)
+ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Makassar	Borneo (east, south); Sulawesi/Celebes, Bali, Nusa Tengarra; Timor (west)
+ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	New Guinea (West Papua / Irian Jaya); Malukus/Moluccas
 IE	+5320-00615	Europe/Dublin
 IL	+314650+0351326	Asia/Jerusalem
 IN	+2232+08822	Asia/Kolkata
 IO	-0720+07225	Indian/Chagos
 IQ	+3321+04425	Asia/Baghdad
 IR	+3540+05126	Asia/Tehran
 IS	+6409-02151	Atlantic/Reykjavik
 IT,SM,VA	+4154+01229	Europe/Rome
 JM	+175805-0764736	America/Jamaica
 JO	+3157+03556	Asia/Amman
 JP	+353916+1394441	Asia/Tokyo
 KE,DJ,ER,ET,KM,MG,SO,TZ,UG,YT	-0117+03649	Africa/Nairobi
 KG	+4254+07436	Asia/Bishkek
 KI	+0125+17300	Pacific/Tarawa	Gilbert Islands
 KI	-0308-17105	Pacific/Enderbury	Phoenix Islands
 KI	+0152-15720	Pacific/Kiritimati	Line Islands
 KP	+3901+12545	Asia/Pyongyang
 KR	+3733+12658	Asia/Seoul
-KY	+1918-08123	America/Cayman
-KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	most locations
-KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda (Kyzylorda, Kzyl-Orda)
-KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtobe (Aktobe)
-KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Atyrau (Atirau, Gur'yev), Mangghystau (Mankistau)
+KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	Kazakhstan (most areas)
+KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda/Kyzylorda/Kzyl-Orda
+KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtobe/Aktobe
+KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Atyrau/Atirau/Gur'yev, Mangghystau/Mankistau
 KZ	+5113+05121	Asia/Oral	West Kazakhstan
 LB	+3353+03530	Asia/Beirut
 LK	+0656+07951	Asia/Colombo
 LR	+0618-01047	Africa/Monrovia
 LT	+5441+02519	Europe/Vilnius
 LU	+4936+00609	Europe/Luxembourg
 LV	+5657+02406	Europe/Riga
 LY	+3254+01311	Africa/Tripoli
 MA	+3339-00735	Africa/Casablanca
 MC	+4342+00723	Europe/Monaco
 MD	+4700+02850	Europe/Chisinau
-MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	most locations
+MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	Marshall Islands (most areas)
 MH	+0905+16720	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
-MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Rangoon
-MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	most locations
+MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Yangon
+MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Mongolia (most areas)
 MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Ölgii, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
 MN	+4804+11430	Asia/Choibalsan	Dornod, Sükhbaatar
 MO	+2214+11335	Asia/Macau
 MQ	+1436-06105	America/Martinique
 MT	+3554+01431	Europe/Malta
 MU	-2010+05730	Indian/Mauritius
 MV	+0410+07330	Indian/Maldives
-MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time - most locations
+MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time
 MX	+2105-08646	America/Cancun	Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo
 MX	+2058-08937	America/Merida	Central Time - Campeche, Yucatán
-MX	+2540-10019	America/Monterrey	Mexican Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas away from US border
-MX	+2550-09730	America/Matamoros	US Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas near US border
-MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - S Baja, Nayarit, Sinaloa
-MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mexican Mountain Time - Chihuahua away from US border
-MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	US Mountain Time - Chihuahua near US border
+MX	+2540-10019	America/Monterrey	Central Time - Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (most areas)
+MX	+2550-09730	America/Matamoros	Central Time US - Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (US border)
+MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
+MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mountain Time - Chihuahua (most areas)
+MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	Mountain Time US - Chihuahua (US border)
 MX	+2904-11058	America/Hermosillo	Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
-MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	US Pacific Time - Baja California near US border
-MX	+3018-11452	America/Santa_Isabel	Mexican Pacific Time - Baja California away from US border
-MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Mexican Central Time - Bahía de Banderas
-MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	peninsular Malaysia
-MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah & Sarawak
-MZ,BI,BW,CD,MW,RW,ZM,ZW	-2558+03235	Africa/Maputo	Central Africa Time (UTC+2)
+MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	Pacific Time US - Baja California
+MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Central Time - Bahía de Banderas
+MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	Malaysia (peninsula)
+MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah, Sarawak
+MZ,BI,BW,CD,MW,RW,ZM,ZW	-2558+03235	Africa/Maputo	Central Africa Time
 NA	-2234+01706	Africa/Windhoek
 NC	-2216+16627	Pacific/Noumea
 NF	-2903+16758	Pacific/Norfolk
-NG,AO,BJ,CD,CF,CG,CM,GA,GQ,NE	+0627+00324	Africa/Lagos	West Africa Time (UTC+1)
+NG,AO,BJ,CD,CF,CG,CM,GA,GQ,NE	+0627+00324	Africa/Lagos	West Africa Time
 NI	+1209-08617	America/Managua
 NL	+5222+00454	Europe/Amsterdam
 NO,SJ	+5955+01045	Europe/Oslo
 NP	+2743+08519	Asia/Kathmandu
 NR	-0031+16655	Pacific/Nauru
 NU	-1901-16955	Pacific/Niue
 NZ,AQ	-3652+17446	Pacific/Auckland	New Zealand time
 NZ	-4357-17633	Pacific/Chatham	Chatham Islands
-PA	+0858-07932	America/Panama
+PA,KY	+0858-07932	America/Panama
 PE	-1203-07703	America/Lima
 PF	-1732-14934	Pacific/Tahiti	Society Islands
 PF	-0900-13930	Pacific/Marquesas	Marquesas Islands
 PF	-2308-13457	Pacific/Gambier	Gambier Islands
-PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby	most locations
+PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Papua New Guinea (most areas)
 PG	-0613+15534	Pacific/Bougainville	Bougainville
 PH	+1435+12100	Asia/Manila
 PK	+2452+06703	Asia/Karachi
 PL	+5215+02100	Europe/Warsaw
 PM	+4703-05620	America/Miquelon
 PN	-2504-13005	Pacific/Pitcairn
 PR	+182806-0660622	America/Puerto_Rico
 PS	+3130+03428	Asia/Gaza	Gaza Strip
 PS	+313200+0350542	Asia/Hebron	West Bank
-PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	mainland
+PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	Portugal (mainland)
 PT	+3238-01654	Atlantic/Madeira	Madeira Islands
 PT	+3744-02540	Atlantic/Azores	Azores
 PW	+0720+13429	Pacific/Palau
 PY	-2516-05740	America/Asuncion
 QA,BH	+2517+05132	Asia/Qatar
-RE,TF	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion	Réunion, Crozet Is, Scattered Is
+RE,TF	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion	Réunion, Crozet, Scattered Islands
 RO	+4426+02606	Europe/Bucharest
 RS,BA,HR,ME,MK,SI	+4450+02030	Europe/Belgrade
-RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad
-RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	Moscow+00 - west Russia
-RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	Moscow+00 - Crimea
-RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
-RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	Moscow+00 (Moscow+01 after 2014-10-26) - Samara, Udmurtia
-RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	Moscow+02 - Urals
-RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	Moscow+03 - west Siberia
-RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk
-RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	Moscow+03 (Moscow+04 after 2014-10-26) - Kemerovo
-RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
-RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal
-RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	Moscow+06 (Moscow+05 after 2014-10-26) - Zabaykalsky
-RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	Moscow+06 - Lena River
-RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	Moscow+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
-RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	Moscow+07 - Amur River
-RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island
-RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	Moscow+07 - Oymyakonsky
-RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	Moscow+08 (Moscow+07 after 2014-10-26) - Magadan
-RU	+6728+15343	Asia/Srednekolymsk	Moscow+08 - E Sakha, N Kuril Is
-RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Kamchatka
-RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Bering Sea
+RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
+RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	MSK+00 - Moscow area
+RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	MSK+00 - Crimea
+RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	MSK+00 - Volgograd, Saratov
+RU	+5836+04939	Europe/Kirov	MSK+00 - Kirov
+RU	+4621+04803	Europe/Astrakhan	MSK+01 - Astrakhan
+RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	MSK+01 - Samara, Udmurtia
+RU	+5420+04824	Europe/Ulyanovsk	MSK+01 - Ulyanovsk
+RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	MSK+02 - Urals
+RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	MSK+03 - Omsk
+RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	MSK+03 - Novosibirsk
+RU	+5322+08345	Asia/Barnaul	MSK+04 - Altai
+RU	+5630+08458	Asia/Tomsk	MSK+04 - Tomsk
+RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	MSK+04 - Kemerovo
+RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	MSK+04 - Krasnoyarsk area
+RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	MSK+05 - Irkutsk, Buryatia
+RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	MSK+06 - Zabaykalsky
+RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	MSK+06 - Lena River
+RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	MSK+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
+RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	MSK+07 - Amur River
+RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	MSK+07 - Oymyakonsky
+RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	MSK+08 - Magadan
+RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	MSK+08 - Sakhalin Island
+RU	+6728+15343	Asia/Srednekolymsk	MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is
+RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	MSK+09 - Kamchatka
+RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	MSK+09 - Bering Sea
 SA,KW,YE	+2438+04643	Asia/Riyadh
 SB	-0932+16012	Pacific/Guadalcanal
 SC	-0440+05528	Indian/Mahe
 SD,SS	+1536+03232	Africa/Khartoum
 SE	+5920+01803	Europe/Stockholm
 SG	+0117+10351	Asia/Singapore
 SR	+0550-05510	America/Paramaribo
 SV	+1342-08912	America/El_Salvador
 SY	+3330+03618	Asia/Damascus
 TC	+2128-07108	America/Grand_Turk
 TD	+1207+01503	Africa/Ndjamena
-TF	-492110+0701303	Indian/Kerguelen	Kerguelen, St Paul I, Amsterdam I
-TH,KH,LA,VN	+1345+10031	Asia/Bangkok	most of Indochina
+TF	-492110+0701303	Indian/Kerguelen	Kerguelen, St Paul Island, Amsterdam Island
+TH,KH,LA,VN	+1345+10031	Asia/Bangkok	Indochina (most areas)
 TJ	+3835+06848	Asia/Dushanbe
 TK	-0922-17114	Pacific/Fakaofo
 TL	-0833+12535	Asia/Dili
 TM	+3757+05823	Asia/Ashgabat
 TN	+3648+01011	Africa/Tunis
 TO	-2110-17510	Pacific/Tongatapu
 TR	+4101+02858	Europe/Istanbul
 TT,AG,AI,BL,DM,GD,GP,KN,LC,MF,MS,VC,VG,VI	+1039-06131	America/Port_of_Spain
 TV	-0831+17913	Pacific/Funafuti
 TW	+2503+12130	Asia/Taipei
-UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	most locations
+UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	Ukraine (most areas)
 UA	+4837+02218	Europe/Uzhgorod	Ruthenia
-UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye, E Lugansk / Zaporizhia, E Luhansk
+UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye/Zaporizhia; Lugansk/Luhansk (east)
 UM	+1917+16637	Pacific/Wake	Wake Island
-US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern Time
-US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern Time - Michigan - most locations
-US	+381515-0854534	America/Kentucky/Louisville	Eastern Time - Kentucky - Louisville area
-US	+364947-0845057	America/Kentucky/Monticello	Eastern Time - Kentucky - Wayne County
-US	+394606-0860929	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	Eastern Time - Indiana - most locations
-US	+384038-0873143	America/Indiana/Vincennes	Eastern Time - Indiana - Daviess, Dubois, Knox & Martin Counties
-US	+410305-0863611	America/Indiana/Winamac	Eastern Time - Indiana - Pulaski County
-US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern Time - Indiana - Crawford County
-US	+382931-0871643	America/Indiana/Petersburg	Eastern Time - Indiana - Pike County
-US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern Time - Indiana - Switzerland County
-US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central Time
-US	+375711-0864541	America/Indiana/Tell_City	Central Time - Indiana - Perry County
-US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Central Time - Indiana - Starke County
-US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central Time - Michigan - Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron & Menominee Counties
-US	+470659-1011757	America/North_Dakota/Center	Central Time - North Dakota - Oliver County
-US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central Time - North Dakota - Morton County (except Mandan area)
-US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central Time - North Dakota - Mercer County
-US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain Time
-US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
-US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	Mountain Standard Time - Arizona (except Navajo)
-US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific Time
-US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Pacific Standard Time - Annette Island, Alaska
-US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska Time
-US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
-US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska Time - southeast Alaska panhandle
-US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck
-US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska Time - west Alaska
+US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern (most areas)
+US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern - MI (most areas)
+US	+381515-0854534	America/Kentucky/Louisville	Eastern - KY (Louisville area)
+US	+364947-0845057	America/Kentucky/Monticello	Eastern - KY (Wayne)
+US	+394606-0860929	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	Eastern - IN (most areas)
+US	+384038-0873143	America/Indiana/Vincennes	Eastern - IN (Da, Du, K, Mn)
+US	+410305-0863611	America/Indiana/Winamac	Eastern - IN (Pulaski)
+US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern - IN (Crawford)
+US	+382931-0871643	America/Indiana/Petersburg	Eastern - IN (Pike)
+US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern - IN (Switzerland)
+US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central (most areas)
+US	+375711-0864541	America/Indiana/Tell_City	Central - IN (Perry)
+US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Central - IN (Starke)
+US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central - MI (Wisconsin border)
+US	+470659-1011757	America/North_Dakota/Center	Central - ND (Oliver)
+US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central - ND (Morton rural)
+US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central - ND (Mercer)
+US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain (most areas)
+US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain - ID (south); OR (east)
+US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	MST - Arizona (except Navajo)
+US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific
+US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska (most areas)
+US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska - Juneau area
+US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska - Sitka area
+US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Alaska - Annette Island
+US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska - Yakutat
+US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska (west)
 US	+515248-1763929	America/Adak	Aleutian Islands
-US,UM	+211825-1575130	Pacific/Honolulu	Hawaii time
+US,UM	+211825-1575130	Pacific/Honolulu	Hawaii
 UY	-3453-05611	America/Montevideo
-UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	west Uzbekistan
-UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent	east Uzbekistan
+UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	Uzbekistan (west)
+UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent	Uzbekistan (east)
 VE	+1030-06656	America/Caracas
-VN	+1045+10640	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	south Vietnam
+VN	+1045+10640	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	Vietnam (south)
 VU	-1740+16825	Pacific/Efate
 WF	-1318-17610	Pacific/Wallis
 WS	-1350-17144	Pacific/Apia
 ZA,LS,SZ	-2615+02800	Africa/Johannesburg
Index: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/zoneinfo2tdf.pl
===================================================================
--- releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/zoneinfo2tdf.pl	(nonexistent)
+++ releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/zoneinfo2tdf.pl	(revision 309577)
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl -w
+
+# Courtesy Ken Pizzini.
+
+use strict;
+
+#This file released to the public domain.
+
+# Note: error checking is poor; trust the output only if the input
+# has been checked by zic.
+
+my $contZone = '';
+while (<>) {
+  my $origline = $_;
+  my @fields = ();
+  while (s/^\s*((?:"[^"]*"|[^\s#])+)//) {
+    push @fields, $1;
+  }
+  next unless @fields;
+
+  my $type = lc($fields[0]);
+  if ($contZone) {
+    @fields >= 3 or warn "bad continuation line";
+    unshift @fields, '+', $contZone;
+    $type = 'zone';
+  }
+
+  $contZone = '';
+  if ($type eq 'zone') {
+    # Zone  NAME  GMTOFF  RULES/SAVE  FORMAT  [UNTIL]
+    my $nfields = @fields;
+    $nfields >= 5 or warn "bad zone line";
+    if ($nfields > 6) {
+      #this splice is optional, depending on one's preference
+      #(one big date-time field, or componentized date and time):
+      splice(@fields, 5, $nfields-5, "@fields[5..$nfields-1]");
+    }
+    $contZone = $fields[1] if @fields > 5;
+  } elsif ($type eq 'rule') {
+    # Rule  NAME  FROM  TO  TYPE  IN  ON  AT  SAVE  LETTER/S
+    @fields == 10 or warn "bad rule line";
+  } elsif ($type eq 'link') {
+    # Link  TARGET  LINK-NAME
+    @fields == 3 or warn "bad link line";
+  } elsif ($type eq 'leap') {
+    # Leap  YEAR  MONTH  DAY  HH:MM:SS  CORR  R/S
+    @fields == 7 or warn "bad leap line";
+  } else {
+    warn "Fubar at input line $.: $origline";
+  }
+  print join("\t", @fields), "\n";
+}

Property changes on: releng/10.3/contrib/tzdata/zoneinfo2tdf.pl
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+native
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