Index: vendor/tzdata/dist/CONTRIBUTING =================================================================== --- vendor/tzdata/dist/CONTRIBUTING (nonexistent) +++ vendor/tzdata/dist/CONTRIBUTING (revision 308265) @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +Contributing to the tz code and data + +The time zone database is by no means authoritative: governments +change timekeeping rules erratically and sometimes with little +warning, the data entries do not cover all of civil time before +1970, and undoubtedly errors remain in the code and data. Feel +free to fill gaps or fix mistakes, and please email improvements +to tz@iana.org for use in the future. + +To email small changes, please run a POSIX shell command like +'diff -u old/europe new/europe >myfix.patch', and attach +myfix.patch to the email. + +For more-elaborate changes, please read the Theory file and browse +the mailing list archives for +examples of patches that tend to work well. Ideally, additions to +data should contain commentary citing reliable sources as +justification. + +Please submit changes against either the latest release in + or the master branch of the experimental +Git repository. If you use Git the following workflow may be helpful: + + * Copy the experimental repository. + + git clone https://github.com/eggert/tz.git + cd tz + + * Get current with the master branch. + + git checkout master + git pull + + * Switch to a new branch for the changes. Choose a different + branch name for each change set. + + git checkout -b mybranch + + * Edit source files. Include commentary that justifies the + changes by citing reliable sources. + + * Debug the changes, e.g.: + + make check + make install + ./zdump -v America/Los_Angeles + + * For each separable change, commit it in the new branch, e.g.: + + git add northamerica + git commit + + See recent 'git log' output for the commit-message style. + + * Create patch files 0001-*, 0002-*, ... + + git format-patch master + + * After reviewing the patch files, send the patches to tz@iana.org + for others to review. + + git send-email master + + * Start anew by getting current with the master branch again + (the second step above). + +Please do not create issues or pull requests on GitHub, as the +proper procedure for proposing and distributing patches is via +email as illustrated above. + +----- + +This file is in the public domain. Index: vendor/tzdata/dist/LICENSE =================================================================== --- vendor/tzdata/dist/LICENSE (nonexistent) +++ vendor/tzdata/dist/LICENSE (revision 308265) @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +With a few exceptions, all files in the tz code and data (including +this one) are in the public domain. The exceptions are date.c, +newstrftime.3, and strftime.c, which contain material derived from BSD +and which use the BSD 3-clause license. Index: vendor/tzdata/dist/Makefile =================================================================== --- vendor/tzdata/dist/Makefile (nonexistent) +++ vendor/tzdata/dist/Makefile (revision 308265) @@ -0,0 +1,793 @@ +# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of +# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. + +# Package name for the code distribution. +PACKAGE= tzcode + +# Version number for the distribution, overridden in the 'tarballs' rule below. +VERSION= unknown + +# Email address for bug reports. +BUGEMAIL= tz@iana.org + +# Change the line below for your time zone (after finding the zone you want in +# the time zone files, or adding it to a time zone file). +# Alternately, if you discover you've got the wrong time zone, you can just +# zic -l rightzone +# to correct things. +# Use the command +# make zonenames +# to get a list of the values you can use for LOCALTIME. + +LOCALTIME= GMT + +# If you want something other than Eastern United States time as a template +# for handling POSIX-style time zone environment variables, +# change the line below (after finding the zone you want in the +# time zone files, or adding it to a time zone file). +# (When a POSIX-style environment variable is handled, the rules in the +# template file are used to determine "spring forward" and "fall back" days and +# times; the environment variable itself specifies UT offsets of standard and +# summer time.) +# Alternately, if you discover you've got the wrong time zone, you can just +# zic -p rightzone +# to correct things. +# Use the command +# make zonenames +# to get a list of the values you can use for POSIXRULES. +# If you want POSIX compatibility, use "America/New_York". + +POSIXRULES= America/New_York + +# Also see TZDEFRULESTRING below, which takes effect only +# if the time zone files cannot be accessed. + +# Everything gets put in subdirectories of. . . + +TOPDIR= /usr/local + +# "Compiled" time zone information is placed in the "TZDIR" directory +# (and subdirectories). +# Use an absolute path name for TZDIR unless you're just testing the software. + +TZDIR_BASENAME= zoneinfo +TZDIR= $(TOPDIR)/etc/$(TZDIR_BASENAME) + +# Types to try, as an alternative to time_t. int64_t should be first. +TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES= int64_t int32_t uint32_t uint64_t + +# The "tzselect", "zic", and "zdump" commands get installed in. . . + +ETCDIR= $(TOPDIR)/etc + +# If you "make INSTALL", the "date" command gets installed in. . . + +BINDIR= $(TOPDIR)/bin + +# Manual pages go in subdirectories of. . . + +MANDIR= $(TOPDIR)/man + +# Library functions are put in an archive in LIBDIR. + +LIBDIR= $(TOPDIR)/lib + +# If you always want time values interpreted as "seconds since the epoch +# (not counting leap seconds)", use +# REDO= posix_only +# below. If you always want right time values interpreted as "seconds since +# the epoch" (counting leap seconds)", use +# REDO= right_only +# below. If you want both sets of data available, with leap seconds not +# counted normally, use +# REDO= posix_right +# below. If you want both sets of data available, with leap seconds counted +# normally, use +# REDO= right_posix +# below. POSIX mandates that leap seconds not be counted; for compatibility +# with it, use "posix_only" or "posix_right". + +REDO= posix_right + +# If you want out-of-scope and often-wrong data from the file 'backzone', use +# PACKRATDATA= backzone +# To omit this data, use +# PACKRATDATA= + +PACKRATDATA= + +# Since "." may not be in PATH... + +YEARISTYPE= ./yearistype + +# Non-default libraries needed to link. +LDLIBS= + +# Add the following to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line as needed. +# -DBIG_BANG=-9999999LL if the Big Bang occurred at time -9999999 (see zic.c) +# -DHAVE_DECL_ASCTIME_R=0 if does not declare asctime_r +# -DHAVE_DIRECT_H if mkdir needs (MS-Windows) +# -DHAVE_DOS_FILE_NAMES if file names have drive specifiers etc. (MS-DOS) +# -DHAVE_GETTEXT=1 if 'gettext' works (e.g., GNU/Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris) +# -DHAVE_INCOMPATIBLE_CTIME_R=1 if your system's time.h declares +# ctime_r and asctime_r incompatibly with the POSIX standard +# (Solaris when _POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS is not defined). +# -DHAVE_INTTYPES_H=1 if you have a pre-C99 compiler with "inttypes.h" +# -DHAVE_LINK=0 if your system lacks a link function +# -DHAVE_LOCALTIME_R=0 if your system lacks a localtime_r function +# -DHAVE_LOCALTIME_RZ=0 if you do not want zdump to use localtime_rz +# This defaults to 1 if a working localtime_rz seems to be available. +# localtime_rz can make zdump significantly faster, but is nonstandard. +# -DHAVE_POSIX_DECLS=0 if your system's include files do not declare +# functions like 'link' or variables like 'tzname' required by POSIX +# -DHAVE_STDINT_H=1 if you have a pre-C99 compiler with "stdint.h" +# -DHAVE_STRFTIME_L=1 if declares locale_t and strftime_l +# This defaults to 0 if _POSIX_VERSION < 200809, 1 otherwise. +# -DHAVE_STRDUP=0 if your system lacks the strdup function +# -DHAVE_SYMLINK=0 if your system lacks the symlink function +# -DHAVE_SYS_STAT_H=0 if your compiler lacks a "sys/stat.h" +# -DHAVE_SYS_WAIT_H=0 if your compiler lacks a "sys/wait.h" +# -DHAVE_TZSET=0 if your system lacks a tzset function +# -DHAVE_UNISTD_H=0 if your compiler lacks a "unistd.h" (Microsoft C++ 7?) +# -DEPOCH_LOCAL=1 if the 'time' function returns local time not UT +# -DEPOCH_OFFSET=N if the 'time' function returns a value N greater +# than what POSIX specifies, assuming local time is UT. +# For example, N is 252460800 on AmigaOS. +# -DNO_RUN_TIME_WARNINGS_ABOUT_YEAR_2000_PROBLEMS_THANK_YOU=1 +# if you do not want run time warnings about formats that may cause +# year 2000 grief +# -Dssize_t=long on ancient hosts that lack ssize_t +# -DTHREAD_SAFE=1 to make localtime.c thread-safe, as POSIX requires; +# not needed by the main-program tz code, which is single-threaded. +# Append other compiler flags as needed, e.g., -pthread on GNU/Linux. +# -Dtime_tz=\"T\" to use T as the time_t type, rather than the system time_t +# -DTZ_DOMAIN=\"foo\" to use "foo" for gettext domain name; default is "tz" +# -DTZ_DOMAINDIR=\"/path\" to use "/path" for gettext directory; +# the default is system-supplied, typically "/usr/lib/locale" +# -DTZDEFRULESTRING=\",date/time,date/time\" to default to the specified +# DST transitions if the time zone files cannot be accessed +# -DUNINIT_TRAP=1 if reading uninitialized storage can cause problems +# other than simply getting garbage data +# -DUSE_LTZ=0 to build zdump with the system time zone library +# Also set TZDOBJS=zdump.o and CHECK_TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES= below. +# -DZIC_MAX_ABBR_LEN_WO_WARN=3 +# (or some other number) to set the maximum time zone abbreviation length +# that zic will accept without a warning (the default is 6) +# $(GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS) if you are using recent GCC and want lots of checking +GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS = -Dlint -g3 -O3 -fno-common -fstrict-aliasing \ + -Wall -Wextra \ + -Wbad-function-cast -Wcast-align -Wdate-time \ + -Wdeclaration-after-statement \ + -Wdouble-promotion \ + -Wformat=2 -Winit-self -Wjump-misses-init \ + -Wlogical-op -Wmissing-prototypes -Wnested-externs \ + -Wold-style-definition -Woverlength-strings -Wpointer-arith \ + -Wshadow -Wstrict-prototypes -Wsuggest-attribute=const \ + -Wsuggest-attribute=format -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn \ + -Wsuggest-attribute=pure -Wtrampolines \ + -Wunused -Wwrite-strings \ + -Wno-address -Wno-format-nonliteral -Wno-sign-compare \ + -Wno-type-limits -Wno-unused-parameter +# +# If you want to use System V compatibility code, add +# -DUSG_COMPAT +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. This arrange for "timezone" and "daylight" +# variables to be kept up-to-date by the time conversion functions. Neither +# "timezone" nor "daylight" is described in X3J11's work. +# +# If your system has a "GMT offset" field in its "struct tm"s +# (or if you decide to add such a field in your system's "time.h" file), +# add the name to a define such as +# -DTM_GMTOFF=tm_gmtoff +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. If not defined, the code attempts to +# guess TM_GMTOFF from other macros; define NO_TM_GMTOFF to suppress this. +# Similarly, if your system has a "zone abbreviation" field, define +# -DTM_ZONE=tm_zone +# and define NO_TM_ZONE to suppress any guessing. These two fields are not +# required by POSIX, but are widely available on GNU/Linux and BSD systems. +# +# If you want functions that were inspired by early versions of X3J11's work, +# add +# -DSTD_INSPIRED +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. This arranges for the functions +# "tzsetwall", "offtime", "timelocal", "timegm", "timeoff", +# "posix2time", and "time2posix" to be added to the time conversion library. +# "tzsetwall" is like "tzset" except that it arranges for local wall clock +# time (rather than the time specified in the TZ environment variable) +# to be used. +# "offtime" is like "gmtime" except that it accepts a second (long) argument +# that gives an offset to add to the time_t when converting it. +# "timelocal" is equivalent to "mktime". +# "timegm" is like "timelocal" except that it turns a struct tm into +# a time_t using UT (rather than local time as "timelocal" does). +# "timeoff" is like "timegm" except that it accepts a second (long) argument +# that gives an offset to use when converting to a time_t. +# "posix2time" and "time2posix" are described in an included manual page. +# X3J11's work does not describe any of these functions. +# Sun has provided "tzsetwall", "timelocal", and "timegm" in SunOS 4.0. +# These functions may well disappear in future releases of the time +# conversion package. +# +# If you don't want functions that were inspired by NetBSD, add +# -DNETBSD_INSPIRED=0 +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. Otherwise, the functions +# "localtime_rz", "mktime_z", "tzalloc", and "tzfree" are added to the +# time library, and if STD_INSPIRED is also defined the functions +# "posix2time_z" and "time2posix_z" are added as well. +# The functions ending in "_z" (or "_rz") are like their unsuffixed +# (or suffixed-by-"_r") counterparts, except with an extra first +# argument of opaque type timezone_t that specifies the time zone. +# "tzalloc" allocates a timezone_t value, and "tzfree" frees it. +# +# If you want to allocate state structures in localtime, add +# -DALL_STATE +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. Storage is obtained by calling malloc. +# +# If you want an "altzone" variable (a la System V Release 3.1), add +# -DALTZONE +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. +# This variable is not described in X3J11's work. +# +# NIST-PCTS:151-2, Version 1.4, (1993-12-03) is a test suite put +# out by the National Institute of Standards and Technology +# which claims to test C and Posix conformance. If you want to pass PCTS, add +# -DPCTS +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. +# +# If you want strict compliance with XPG4 as of 1994-04-09, add +# -DXPG4_1994_04_09 +# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. This causes "strftime" to always return +# 53 as a week number (rather than 52 or 53) for those days in January that +# before the first Monday in January when a "%V" format is used and January 1 +# falls on a Friday, Saturday, or Sunday. + +CFLAGS= + +# Linker flags. Default to $(LFLAGS) for backwards compatibility +# to release 2012h and earlier. + +LDFLAGS= $(LFLAGS) + +# For leap seconds, this Makefile uses LEAPSECONDS='-L leapseconds' in +# submake command lines. The default is no leap seconds. + +LEAPSECONDS= + +# The zic command and its arguments. + +zic= ./zic +ZIC= $(zic) $(ZFLAGS) + +ZFLAGS= + +# How to use zic to install tz binary files. + +ZIC_INSTALL= $(ZIC) -y $(YEARISTYPE) -d $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR) $(LEAPSECONDS) + +# The name of a Posix-compliant 'awk' on your system. +AWK= awk + +# The full path name of a Posix-compliant shell, preferably one that supports +# the Korn shell's 'select' statement as an extension. +# These days, Bash is the most popular. +# It should be OK to set this to /bin/sh, on platforms where /bin/sh +# lacks 'select' or doesn't completely conform to Posix, but /bin/bash +# is typically nicer if it works. +KSHELL= /bin/bash + +# The path where SGML DTDs are kept and the catalog file(s) to use when +# validating. The default should work on both Debian and Red Hat. +SGML_TOPDIR= /usr +SGML_DTDDIR= $(SGML_TOPDIR)/share/xml/w3c-sgml-lib/schema/dtd +SGML_SEARCH_PATH= $(SGML_DTDDIR)/REC-html401-19991224 +SGML_CATALOG_FILES= \ + $(SGML_TOPDIR)/share/doc/w3-recs/html/www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/HTML4.cat:$(SGML_TOPDIR)/share/sgml/html/4.01/HTML4.cat + +# The name, arguments and environment of a program to validate your web pages. +# See for a validator, and +# for a validation library. +VALIDATE = nsgmls +VALIDATE_FLAGS = -s -B -wall -wno-unused-param +VALIDATE_ENV = \ + SGML_CATALOG_FILES=$(SGML_CATALOG_FILES) \ + SGML_SEARCH_PATH=$(SGML_SEARCH_PATH) \ + SP_CHARSET_FIXED=YES \ + SP_ENCODING=UTF-8 + +# This expensive test requires USE_LTZ. +# To suppress it, define this macro to be empty. +CHECK_TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES = check_time_t_alternatives + +# SAFE_CHAR is a regular expression that matches a safe character. +# Some parts of this distribution are limited to safe characters; +# others can use any UTF-8 character. +# For now, the safe characters are a safe subset of ASCII. +# The caller must set the shell variable 'sharp' to the character '#', +# since Makefile macros cannot contain '#'. +# TAB_CHAR is a single tab character, in single quotes. +TAB_CHAR= ' ' +SAFE_CHARSET1= $(TAB_CHAR)' !\"'$$sharp'$$%&'\''()*+,./0123456789:;<=>?@' +SAFE_CHARSET2= 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\^_`' +SAFE_CHARSET3= 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~' +SAFE_CHARSET= $(SAFE_CHARSET1)$(SAFE_CHARSET2)$(SAFE_CHARSET3) +SAFE_CHAR= '[]'$(SAFE_CHARSET)'-]' + +# OK_CHAR matches any character allowed in the distributed files. +# This is the same as SAFE_CHAR, except that multibyte letters are +# also allowed so that commentary can contain people's names and quote +# non-English sources. For non-letters the sources are limited to +# ASCII renderings for the convenience of maintainers whose text editors +# mishandle UTF-8 by default (e.g., XEmacs 21.4.22). +OK_CHAR= '[][:alpha:]'$(SAFE_CHARSET)'-]' + +# SAFE_LINE matches a line of safe characters. +# SAFE_SHARP_LINE is similar, except any OK character can follow '#'; +# this is so that comments can contain non-ASCII characters. +# OK_LINE matches a line of OK characters. +SAFE_LINE= '^'$(SAFE_CHAR)'*$$' +SAFE_SHARP_LINE='^'$(SAFE_CHAR)'*('$$sharp$(OK_CHAR)'*)?$$' +OK_LINE= '^'$(OK_CHAR)'*$$' + +# Flags to give 'tar' when making a distribution. +# Try to use flags appropriate for GNU tar. +GNUTARFLAGS= --numeric-owner --owner=0 --group=0 --mode=go+u,go-w --sort=name +TARFLAGS= `if tar $(GNUTARFLAGS) --version >/dev/null 2>&1; \ + then echo $(GNUTARFLAGS); \ + else :; \ + fi` + +# Flags to give 'gzip' when making a distribution. +GZIPFLAGS= -9n + +############################################################################### + +#MAKE= make + +cc= cc +CC= $(cc) -DTZDIR=\"$(TZDIR)\" + +AR= ar + +# ':' on typical hosts; 'ranlib' on the ancient hosts that still need ranlib. +RANLIB= : + +TZCOBJS= zic.o +TZDOBJS= zdump.o localtime.o asctime.o +DATEOBJS= date.o localtime.o strftime.o asctime.o +LIBSRCS= localtime.c asctime.c difftime.c +LIBOBJS= localtime.o asctime.o difftime.o +HEADERS= tzfile.h private.h +NONLIBSRCS= zic.c zdump.c +NEWUCBSRCS= date.c strftime.c +SOURCES= $(HEADERS) $(LIBSRCS) $(NONLIBSRCS) $(NEWUCBSRCS) \ + tzselect.ksh workman.sh +MANS= newctime.3 newstrftime.3 newtzset.3 time2posix.3 \ + tzfile.5 tzselect.8 zic.8 zdump.8 +MANTXTS= newctime.3.txt newstrftime.3.txt newtzset.3.txt \ + time2posix.3.txt \ + tzfile.5.txt tzselect.8.txt zic.8.txt zdump.8.txt \ + date.1.txt +COMMON= CONTRIBUTING LICENSE Makefile NEWS README Theory version +WEB_PAGES= tz-art.htm tz-how-to.html tz-link.htm +DOCS= $(MANS) date.1 $(MANTXTS) $(WEB_PAGES) +PRIMARY_YDATA= africa antarctica asia australasia \ + europe northamerica southamerica +YDATA= $(PRIMARY_YDATA) pacificnew etcetera backward +NDATA= systemv factory +TDATA= $(YDATA) $(NDATA) +ZONETABLES= zone1970.tab zone.tab +TABDATA= iso3166.tab leapseconds $(ZONETABLES) +LEAP_DEPS= leapseconds.awk leap-seconds.list +DATA= $(YDATA) $(NDATA) backzone $(TABDATA) \ + leap-seconds.list yearistype.sh +AWK_SCRIPTS= checklinks.awk checktab.awk leapseconds.awk +MISC= $(AWK_SCRIPTS) zoneinfo2tdf.pl +TZS_YEAR= 2050 +TZS= to$(TZS_YEAR).tzs +TZS_NEW= to$(TZS_YEAR)new.tzs +TZS_DEPS= $(PRIMARY_YDATA) asctime.c localtime.c \ + private.h tzfile.h zdump.c zic.c +ENCHILADA= $(COMMON) $(DOCS) $(SOURCES) $(DATA) $(MISC) $(TZS) + +# Consult these files when deciding whether to rebuild the 'version' file. +# This list is not the same as the output of 'git ls-files', since +# .gitignore is not distributed. +VERSION_DEPS= \ + CONTRIBUTING LICENSE Makefile NEWS README Theory \ + africa antarctica asctime.c asia australasia \ + backward backzone \ + checklinks.awk checktab.awk \ + date.1 date.c difftime.c \ + etcetera europe factory iso3166.tab \ + leap-seconds.list leapseconds.awk localtime.c \ + newctime.3 newstrftime.3 newtzset.3 northamerica \ + pacificnew private.h \ + southamerica strftime.c systemv \ + time2posix.3 tz-art.htm tz-how-to.html tz-link.htm \ + tzfile.5 tzfile.h tzselect.8 tzselect.ksh \ + workman.sh yearistype.sh \ + zdump.8 zdump.c zic.8 zic.c \ + zone.tab zone1970.tab zoneinfo2tdf.pl + +# And for the benefit of csh users on systems that assume the user +# shell should be used to handle commands in Makefiles. . . + +SHELL= /bin/sh + +all: tzselect yearistype zic zdump libtz.a $(TABDATA) + +ALL: all date $(ENCHILADA) + +install: all $(DATA) $(REDO) $(MANS) + mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)$(ETCDIR) $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR) \ + $(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR) \ + $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man3 $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man5 \ + $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man8 + $(ZIC_INSTALL) -l $(LOCALTIME) -p $(POSIXRULES) + cp -f iso3166.tab $(ZONETABLES) $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)/. + cp tzselect zic zdump $(DESTDIR)$(ETCDIR)/. + cp libtz.a $(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/. + $(RANLIB) $(DESTDIR)$(LIBDIR)/libtz.a + cp -f newctime.3 newtzset.3 $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man3/. + cp -f tzfile.5 $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man5/. + cp -f tzselect.8 zdump.8 zic.8 $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man8/. + +INSTALL: ALL install date.1 + mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR) $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man1 + cp date $(DESTDIR)$(BINDIR)/. + cp -f date.1 $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)/man1/. + +version: $(VERSION_DEPS) + { (type git) >/dev/null 2>&1 && \ + V=`git describe --match '[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][a-z]*' \ + --abbrev=7 --dirty` || \ + V=$(VERSION); } && \ + printf '%s\n' "$$V" >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +version.h: version + VERSION=`cat version` && printf '%s\n' \ + 'static char const PKGVERSION[]="($(PACKAGE)) ";' \ + "static char const TZVERSION[]=\"$$VERSION\";" \ + 'static char const REPORT_BUGS_TO[]="$(BUGEMAIL)";' \ + >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +zdump: $(TZDOBJS) + $(CC) -o $@ $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(TZDOBJS) $(LDLIBS) + +zic: $(TZCOBJS) + $(CC) -o $@ $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(TZCOBJS) $(LDLIBS) + +yearistype: yearistype.sh + cp yearistype.sh yearistype + chmod +x yearistype + +leapseconds: $(LEAP_DEPS) + $(AWK) -f leapseconds.awk leap-seconds.list >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +# Arguments to pass to submakes of install_data. +# They can be overridden by later submake arguments. +INSTALLARGS = \ + DESTDIR=$(DESTDIR) \ + LEAPSECONDS='$(LEAPSECONDS)' \ + PACKRATDATA='$(PACKRATDATA)' \ + TZDIR=$(TZDIR) \ + YEARISTYPE=$(YEARISTYPE) \ + ZIC='$(ZIC)' + +# 'make install_data' installs one set of tz binary files. +# It can be tailored by setting LEAPSECONDS, PACKRATDATA, etc. +install_data: zic leapseconds yearistype $(PACKRATDATA) $(TDATA) + $(ZIC_INSTALL) $(TDATA) + $(AWK) '/^Rule/' $(TDATA) | $(ZIC_INSTALL) - $(PACKRATDATA) + +posix_only: + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) LEAPSECONDS= install_data + +right_only: + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) LEAPSECONDS='-L leapseconds' \ + install_data + +# In earlier versions of this makefile, the other two directories were +# subdirectories of $(TZDIR). However, this led to configuration errors. +# For example, with posix_right under the earlier scheme, +# TZ='right/Australia/Adelaide' got you localtime with leap seconds, +# but gmtime without leap seconds, which led to problems with applications +# like sendmail that subtract gmtime from localtime. +# Therefore, the other two directories are now siblings of $(TZDIR). +# You must replace all of $(TZDIR) to switch from not using leap seconds +# to using them, or vice versa. +right_posix: right_only + rm -fr $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-leaps + ln -s $(TZDIR_BASENAME) $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-leaps || \ + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) TZDIR=$(TZDIR)-leaps right_only + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) TZDIR=$(TZDIR)-posix posix_only + +posix_right: posix_only + rm -fr $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-posix + ln -s $(TZDIR_BASENAME) $(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)-posix || \ + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) TZDIR=$(TZDIR)-posix posix_only + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) TZDIR=$(TZDIR)-leaps right_only + +# This obsolescent rule is present for backwards compatibility with +# tz releases 2014g through 2015g. It should go away eventually. +posix_packrat: + $(MAKE) $(INSTALLARGS) PACKRATDATA=backzone posix_only + +zones: $(REDO) + +$(TZS_NEW): $(TDATA) zdump zic + mkdir -p tzs.dir + $(zic) -d tzs.dir $(TDATA) + $(AWK) '/^Link/{print $$1 "\t" $$2 "\t" $$3}' \ + $(TDATA) | LC_ALL=C sort >$@.out + wd=`pwd` && \ + zones=`$(AWK) -v wd="$$wd" \ + '/^Zone/{print wd "/tzs.dir/" $$2}' $(TDATA) \ + | LC_ALL=C sort` && \ + ./zdump -i -c $(TZS_YEAR) $$zones >>$@.out + sed 's,^TZ=".*tzs\.dir/,TZ=",' $@.out >$@.sed.out + rm -fr tzs.dir $@.out + mv $@.sed.out $@ + +# If $(TZS) does not already exist (e.g., old-format tarballs), create it. +# If it exists but 'make check_tzs' fails, a maintainer should inspect the +# failed output and fix the inconsistency, perhaps by running 'make force_tzs'. +$(TZS): + $(MAKE) force_tzs + +force_tzs: $(TZS_NEW) + cp $(TZS_NEW) $(TZS) + +libtz.a: $(LIBOBJS) + $(AR) ru $@ $(LIBOBJS) + $(RANLIB) $@ + +date: $(DATEOBJS) + $(CC) -o $@ $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(DATEOBJS) $(LDLIBS) + +tzselect: tzselect.ksh version + VERSION=`cat version` && sed \ + -e 's|#!/bin/bash|#!$(KSHELL)|g' \ + -e 's|AWK=[^}]*|AWK=$(AWK)|g' \ + -e 's|\(PKGVERSION\)=.*|\1='\''($(PACKAGE)) '\''|' \ + -e 's|\(REPORT_BUGS_TO\)=.*|\1=$(BUGEMAIL)|' \ + -e 's|TZDIR=[^}]*|TZDIR=$(TZDIR)|' \ + -e 's|\(TZVERSION\)=.*|\1='"$$VERSION"'|' \ + <$@.ksh >$@.out + chmod +x $@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +check: check_character_set check_white_space check_links check_sorted \ + check_tables check_tzs check_web + +check_character_set: $(ENCHILADA) + LC_ALL=en_US.utf8 && export LC_ALL && \ + sharp='#' && \ + ! grep -Env $(SAFE_LINE) $(MANS) date.1 $(MANTXTS) \ + $(MISC) $(SOURCES) $(WEB_PAGES) \ + CONTRIBUTING LICENSE Makefile README version && \ + ! grep -Env $(SAFE_SHARP_LINE) $(TDATA) backzone \ + leapseconds yearistype.sh zone.tab && \ + ! grep -Env $(OK_LINE) $(ENCHILADA) + +check_white_space: $(ENCHILADA) + patfmt=' \t|[\f\r\v]' && pat=`printf "$$patfmt\\n"` && \ + ! grep -En "$$pat" $(ENCHILADA) + ! grep -n '[[:space:]]$$' $(ENCHILADA) + +CHECK_CC_LIST = { n = split($$1,a,/,/); for (i=2; i<=n; i++) print a[1], a[i]; } + +check_sorted: backward backzone iso3166.tab zone.tab zone1970.tab + $(AWK) '/^Link/ {print $$3}' backward | LC_ALL=C sort -cu + $(AWK) '/^Zone/ {print $$2}' backzone | LC_ALL=C sort -cu + $(AWK) '/^[^#]/ {print $$1}' iso3166.tab | LC_ALL=C sort -cu + $(AWK) '/^[^#]/ {print $$1}' zone.tab | LC_ALL=C sort -c + $(AWK) '/^[^#]/ {print substr($$0, 1, 2)}' zone1970.tab | \ + LC_ALL=C sort -c + $(AWK) '/^[^#]/ $(CHECK_CC_LIST)' zone1970.tab | \ + LC_ALL=C sort -cu + +check_links: checklinks.awk $(TDATA) + $(AWK) -f checklinks.awk $(TDATA) + +check_tables: checktab.awk $(PRIMARY_YDATA) $(ZONETABLES) + for tab in $(ZONETABLES); do \ + $(AWK) -f checktab.awk -v zone_table=$$tab $(PRIMARY_YDATA) \ + || exit; \ + done + +check_tzs: $(TZS) $(TZS_NEW) + diff -u $(TZS) $(TZS_NEW) + +check_web: $(WEB_PAGES) + $(VALIDATE_ENV) $(VALIDATE) $(VALIDATE_FLAGS) $(WEB_PAGES) + +clean_misc: + rm -f core *.o *.out \ + date tzselect version.h zdump zic yearistype libtz.a +clean: clean_misc + rm -fr *.dir tzdb-*/ $(TZS_NEW) + +maintainer-clean: clean + @echo 'This command is intended for maintainers to use; it' + @echo 'deletes files that may need special tools to rebuild.' + rm -f leapseconds version $(MANTXTS) $(TZS) *.asc *.tar.* + +names: + @echo $(ENCHILADA) + +public: check check_public $(CHECK_TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES) \ + tarballs signatures + +date.1.txt: date.1 +newctime.3.txt: newctime.3 +newstrftime.3.txt: newstrftime.3 +newtzset.3.txt: newtzset.3 +time2posix.3.txt: time2posix.3 +tzfile.5.txt: tzfile.5 +tzselect.8.txt: tzselect.8 +zdump.8.txt: zdump.8 +zic.8.txt: zic.8 + +$(MANTXTS): workman.sh + LC_ALL=C sh workman.sh `expr $@ : '\(.*\)\.txt$$'` >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +# Set the time stamps to those of the git repository, if available, +# and if the files have not changed since then. +# This uses GNU 'touch' syntax 'touch -d@N FILE', +# where N is the number of seconds since 1970. +# If git or GNU 'touch' is absent, don't bother to sync with git timestamps. +# Also, set the timestamp of each prebuilt file like 'leapseconds' +# to be the maximum of the files it depends on. +set-timestamps.out: $(ENCHILADA) + rm -f $@ + if (type git) >/dev/null 2>&1 && \ + files=`git ls-files $(ENCHILADA)` && \ + touch -md @1 test.out; then \ + rm -f test.out && \ + for file in $$files; do \ + if git diff --quiet $$file; then \ + time=`git log -1 --format='tformat:%ct' $$file` && \ + touch -cmd @$$time $$file; \ + else \ + echo >&2 "$$file: warning: does not match repository"; \ + fi || exit; \ + done; \ + fi + touch -cmr `ls -t $(LEAP_DEPS) | sed 1q` leapseconds + for file in `ls $(MANTXTS) | sed 's/\.txt$$//'`; do \ + touch -cmr `ls -t $$file workman.sh | sed 1q` $$file.txt || \ + exit; \ + done + touch -cmr `ls -t $(TZS_DEPS) | sed 1q` $(TZS) + touch -cmr `ls -t $(VERSION_DEPS) | sed 1q` version + touch $@ + +# The zics below ensure that each data file can stand on its own. +# We also do an all-files run to catch links to links. + +check_public: + $(MAKE) maintainer-clean + $(MAKE) "CFLAGS=$(GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS)" ALL + mkdir -p public.dir + for i in $(TDATA) ; do \ + $(zic) -v -d public.dir $$i 2>&1 || exit; \ + done + $(zic) -v -d public.dir $(TDATA) + rm -fr public.dir + +# Check that the code works under various alternative +# implementations of time_t. +check_time_t_alternatives: + if diff -q Makefile Makefile 2>/dev/null; then \ + quiet_option='-q'; \ + else \ + quiet_option=''; \ + fi && \ + wd=`pwd` && \ + zones=`$(AWK) '/^[^#]/ { print $$3 }' time_t.dir/int64_t.out && \ + time_t.dir/$$type/etc/zdump -V -t $$range $$zones \ + >time_t.dir/$$type.out && \ + diff -u time_t.dir/int64_t.out time_t.dir/$$type.out \ + || exit; \ + done + rm -fr time_t.dir + +tarballs traditional_tarballs signatures traditional_signatures: version + VERSION=`cat version` && \ + $(MAKE) VERSION="$$VERSION" $@_version + +tarballs_version: traditional_tarballs_version tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz +traditional_tarballs_version: \ + tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz +signatures_version: traditional_signatures_version tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz.asc +traditional_signatures_version: \ + tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz.asc tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz.asc \ + +tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz: set-timestamps.out + LC_ALL=C && export LC_ALL && \ + tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - \ + $(COMMON) $(DOCS) $(SOURCES) | \ + gzip $(GZIPFLAGS) >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz: set-timestamps.out + LC_ALL=C && export LC_ALL && \ + tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - $(COMMON) $(DATA) $(MISC) | \ + gzip $(GZIPFLAGS) >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz: set-timestamps.out + rm -fr tzdb-$(VERSION) + mkdir tzdb-$(VERSION) + ln $(ENCHILADA) tzdb-$(VERSION) + touch -cmr `ls -t tzdb-$(VERSION)/* | sed 1q` tzdb-$(VERSION) + LC_ALL=C && export LC_ALL && \ + tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - tzdb-$(VERSION) | lzip -9 >$@.out + mv $@.out $@ + +tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz.asc: tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz + gpg --armor --detach-sign $? + +tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz.asc: tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz + gpg --armor --detach-sign $? + +tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz.asc: tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz + gpg --armor --detach-sign $? + +typecheck: + $(MAKE) clean + for i in "long long" unsigned; \ + do \ + $(MAKE) CFLAGS="-DTYPECHECK -D__time_t_defined -D_TIME_T \"-Dtime_t=$$i\"" ; \ + ./zdump -v Europe/Rome ; \ + $(MAKE) clean ; \ + done + +zonenames: $(TDATA) + @$(AWK) '/^Zone/ { print $$2 } /^Link/ { print $$3 }' $(TDATA) + +asctime.o: private.h tzfile.h +date.o: private.h +difftime.o: private.h +localtime.o: private.h tzfile.h +strftime.o: private.h tzfile.h +zdump.o: version.h +zic.o: private.h tzfile.h version.h + +.KEEP_STATE: + +.PHONY: ALL INSTALL all +.PHONY: check check_character_set check_links +.PHONY: check_public check_sorted check_tables +.PHONY: check_time_t_alternatives check_tzs check_web check_white_space +.PHONY: clean clean_misc force_tzs +.PHONY: install install_data maintainer-clean names +.PHONY: posix_only posix_packrat posix_right +.PHONY: public right_only right_posix signatures signatures_version +.PHONY: tarballs tarballs_version typecheck +.PHONY: zonenames zones Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/dist/Makefile ___________________________________________________________________ Added: svn:eol-style ## -0,0 +1 ## +native \ No newline at end of property Added: svn:keywords ## -0,0 +1 ## +FreeBSD=%H \ No newline at end of property Added: svn:mime-type ## -0,0 +1 ## +text/plain \ No newline at end of property Index: vendor/tzdata/dist/NEWS =================================================================== --- vendor/tzdata/dist/NEWS (nonexistent) +++ vendor/tzdata/dist/NEWS (revision 308265) @@ -0,0 +1,3782 @@ +News for the tz database + +Release 2016i - 2016-11-01 23:19:52 -0700 + + Briefly: Cyprus split into two time zones on 2016-10-30, and Tonga + reintroduces DST on 2016-11-06. + + Changes to future time stamps + + Pacific/Tongatapu begins DST on 2016-11-06 at 02:00, ending on + 2017-01-15 at 03:00. Assume future observances in Tonga will be + from the first Sunday in November through the third Sunday in + January, like Fiji. (Thanks to Pulu ʻAnau.) Switch to numeric + time zone abbreviations for this zone. + + Changes to past and future time stamps + + Northern Cyprus is now +03 year round, causing a split in Cyprus + time zones starting 2016-10-30 at 04:00. This creates a zone + Asia/Famagusta. (Thanks to Even Scharning and Matt Johnson.) + + Antarctica/Casey switched from +08 to +11 on 2016-10-22. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes to past time stamps + + Several corrections were made for pre-1975 time stamps in Italy. + These affect Europe/Malta, Europe/Rome, Europe/San_Marino, and + Europe/Vatican. + + First, the 1893-11-01 00:00 transition in Italy used the new UT + offset (+01), not the old (+00:49:56). (Thanks to Michael + Deckers.) + + Second, rules for daylight saving in Italy were changed to agree + with Italy's National Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM) + except for 1944, as follows (thanks to Pierpaolo Bernardi, Brian + Inglis, and Michael Deckers): + + The 1916-06-03 transition was at 24:00, not 00:00. + + The 1916-10-01, 1919-10-05, and 1920-09-19 transitions were at + 00:00, not 01:00. + + The 1917-09-30 and 1918-10-06 transitions were at 24:00, not + 01:00. + + The 1944-09-17 transition was at 03:00, not 01:00. This + particular change is taken from Italian law as INRiM's table, + (which says 02:00) appears to have a typo here. Also, keep the + 1944-04-03 transition for Europe/Rome, as Rome was controlled by + Germany then. + + The 1967-1970 and 1972-1974 fallback transitions were at 01:00, + not 00:00. + + Changes to code + + The code should now be buildable on AmigaOS merely by setting the + appropriate Makefile variables. (From a patch by Carsten Larsen.) + + +Release 2016h - 2016-10-19 23:17:57 -0700 + + Changes to future time stamps + + Asia/Gaza and Asia/Hebron end DST on 2016-10-29 at 01:00, not + 2016-10-21 at 00:00. (Thanks to Sharef Mustafa.) Predict that + future fall transitions will be on the last Saturday of October + at 01:00, which is consistent with predicted spring transitions + on the last Saturday of March. (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) + + Changes to past time stamps + + In Turkey, transitions in 1986-1990 were at 01:00 standard time + not at 02:00, and the spring 1994 transition was on March 20, not + March 27. (Thanks to Kıvanç Yazan.) + + Changes to past and future time zone abbreviations + + Asia/Colombo now uses numeric time zone abbreviations like "+0530" + instead of alphabetic ones like "IST" and "LKT". Various + English-language sources use "IST", "LKT" and "SLST", with no + working consensus. (Usage of "SLST" mentioned by Sadika + Sumanapala.) + + Changes to code + + zic no longer mishandles relativizing file names when creating + symbolic links like /etc/localtime, when these symbolic links + are outside the usual directory hierarchy. This fixes a bug + introduced in 2016g. (Problem reported by Andreas Stieger.) + + Changes to build procedure + + New rules 'traditional_tarballs' and 'traditional_signatures' for + building just the traditional-format distribution. (Requested by + Deborah Goldsmith.) + + The file 'version' is now put into the tzdata tarball too. + (Requested by Howard Hinnant.) + + Changes to documentation and commentary + + The 'Theory' file now has a section on interface stability. + (Requested by Paul Koning.) It also mentions features like + tm_zone and localtime_rz that have long been supported by the + reference code. + + tz-link.htm has improved coverage of time zone boundaries suitable + for geolocation. (Thanks to heads-ups from Evan Siroky and Matt + Johnson.) + + The US commentary now mentions Allen and the "day of two noons". + + The Fiji commentary mentions the government's 2016-10-03 press + release. (Thanks to Raymond Kumar.) + + +Release 2016g - 2016-09-13 08:56:38 -0700 + + Changes to future time stamps + + Turkey switched from EET/EEST (+02/+03) to permanent +03, + effective 2016-09-07. (Thanks to Burak AYDIN.) Use "+03" rather + than an invented abbreviation for the new time. + + New leap second 2016-12-31 23:59:60 UTC as per IERS Bulletin C 52. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) + + Changes to past time stamps + + For America/Los_Angeles, spring-forward transition times have been + corrected from 02:00 to 02:01 in 1948, and from 02:00 to 01:00 in + 1950-1966. + + For zones using Soviet time on 1919-07-01, transitions to UT-based + time were at 00:00 UT, not at 02:00 local time. The affected + zones are Europe/Kirov, Europe/Moscow, Europe/Samara, and + Europe/Ulyanovsk. (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky.) + + Changes to past and future time zone abbreviations + + The Factory zone now uses the time zone abbreviation -00 instead + of a long English-language string, as -00 is now the normal way to + represent an undefined time zone. + + Several zones in Antarctica and the former Soviet Union, along + with zones intended for ships at sea that cannot use POSIX TZ + strings, now use numeric time zone abbreviations instead of + invented or obsolete alphanumeric abbreviations. The affected + zones are Antarctica/Casey, Antarctica/Davis, + Antarctica/DumontDUrville, Antarctica/Mawson, Antarctica/Rothera, + Antarctica/Syowa, Antarctica/Troll, Antarctica/Vostok, + Asia/Anadyr, Asia/Ashgabat, Asia/Baku, Asia/Bishkek, Asia/Chita, + Asia/Dushanbe, Asia/Irkutsk, Asia/Kamchatka, Asia/Khandyga, + Asia/Krasnoyarsk, Asia/Magadan, Asia/Omsk, Asia/Sakhalin, + Asia/Samarkand, Asia/Srednekolymsk, Asia/Tashkent, Asia/Tbilisi, + Asia/Ust-Nera, Asia/Vladivostok, Asia/Yakutsk, Asia/Yekaterinburg, + Asia/Yerevan, Etc/GMT-14, Etc/GMT-13, Etc/GMT-12, Etc/GMT-11, + Etc/GMT-10, Etc/GMT-9, Etc/GMT-8, Etc/GMT-7, Etc/GMT-6, Etc/GMT-5, + Etc/GMT-4, Etc/GMT-3, Etc/GMT-2, Etc/GMT-1, Etc/GMT+1, Etc/GMT+2, + Etc/GMT+3, Etc/GMT+4, Etc/GMT+5, Etc/GMT+6, Etc/GMT+7, Etc/GMT+8, + Etc/GMT+9, Etc/GMT+10, Etc/GMT+11, Etc/GMT+12, Europe/Kaliningrad, + Europe/Minsk, Europe/Samara, Europe/Volgograd, and + Indian/Kerguelen. For Europe/Moscow the invented abbreviation MSM + was replaced by +05, whereas MSK and MSD were kept as they are not + our invention and are widely used. + + Changes to zone names + + Rename Asia/Rangoon to Asia/Yangon, with a backward compatibility link. + (Thanks to David Massoud.) + + Changes to code + + zic no longer generates binary files containing POSIX TZ-like + strings that disagree with the local time type after the last + explicit transition in the data. This fixes a bug with + Africa/Casablanca and Africa/El_Aaiun in some year-2037 time + stamps on the reference platform. (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky + for reporting the bug and suggesting a way forward.) + + If the installed localtime and/or posixrules files are symbolic + links, zic now keeps them symbolic links when updating them, for + compatibility with platforms like OpenSUSE where other programs + configure these files as symlinks. + + zic now avoids hard linking to symbolic links, avoids some + unnecessary mkdir and stat system calls, and uses shorter file + names internally. + + zdump has a new -i option to generate transitions in a + more-compact but still human-readable format. This option is + experimental, and the output format may change in future versions. + (Thanks to Jon Skeet for suggesting that an option was needed, + and thanks to Tim Parenti and Chris Rovick for further comments.) + + Changes to build procedure + + An experimental distribution format is available, in addition + to the traditional format which will continue to be distributed. + The new format is a tarball tzdb-VERSION.tar.lz with signature + file tzdb-VERSION.tar.lz.asc. It unpacks to a top-level directory + tzdb-VERSION containing the code and data of the traditional + two-tarball format, along with extra data that may be useful. + (Thanks to Antonio Diaz Diaz, Oscar van Vlijmen, and many others + for comments about the experimental format.) + + The release version number is now more accurate in the usual case + where releases are built from a Git repository. For example, if + 23 commits and some working-file changes have been made since + release 2016g, the version number is now something like + '2016g-23-g50556e3-dirty' instead of the misleading '2016g'. + Official releases uses the same version number format as before, + e.g., '2016g'. To support the more-accurate version number, its + specification has moved from a line in the Makefile to a new + source file 'version'. + + The experimental distribution contains a file to2050.tzs that + contains what should be the output of 'zdump -i -c 2050' on + primary zones. If this file is available, 'make check' now checks + that zdump generates this output. + + 'make check_web' now works on Fedora-like distributions. + + Changes to documentation and commentary + + tzfile.5 now documents the new restriction on POSIX TZ-like + strings that is now implemented by zic. + + Comments now cite URLs for some 1917-1921 Russian DST decrees. + (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky.) + + tz-link.htm mentions JuliaTime (thanks to Curtis Vogt) and Time4J + (thanks to Meno Hochschild) and ThreeTen-Extra, and its + description of Java 8 has been brought up to date (thanks to + Stephen Colebourne). Its description of local time on Mars has + been updated to match current practice, and URLs have been updated + and some obsolete ones removed. + + +Release 2016f - 2016-07-05 16:26:51 +0200 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + The Egyptian government changed its mind on short notice, and + Africa/Cairo will not introduce DST starting 2016-07-07 after all. + (Thanks to Mina Samuel.) + + Asia/Novosibirsk switches from +06 to +07 on 2016-07-24 at 02:00. + (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + Changes to past and future time stamps + + Asia/Novokuznetsk and Asia/Novosibirsk now use numeric time zone + abbreviations instead of invented ones. + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Europe/Minsk's 1992-03-29 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 not 00:00. + (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + +Release 2016e - 2016-06-14 08:46:16 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Africa/Cairo observes DST in 2016 from July 7 to the end of October. + Guess October 27 and 24:00 transitions. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + For future years, guess April's last Thursday to October's last + Thursday except for Ramadan. + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Locations while uninhabited now use '-00', not 'zzz', as a + placeholder time zone abbreviation. This is inspired by Internet + RFC 3339 and is more consistent with numeric time zone + abbreviations already used elsewhere. The change affects several + arctic and antarctic locations, e.g., America/Cambridge_Bay before + 1920 and Antarctica/Troll before 2005. + + Asia/Baku's 1992-09-27 transition from +04 (DST) to +04 (non-DST) was + at 03:00, not 23:00 the previous day. (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) + + Changes to code + + zic now outputs a dummy transition at time 2**31 - 1 in zones + whose POSIX-style TZ strings contain a '<'. This mostly works + around Qt bug 53071 . + (Thanks to Zhanibek Adilbekov for reporting the Qt bug.) + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + tz-link.htm says why governments should give plenty of notice for + time zone or DST changes, and refers to Matt Johnson's blog post. + + tz-link.htm mentions Tzdata for Elixir. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + +Release 2016d - 2016-04-17 22:50:29 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + America/Caracas switches from -0430 to -04 on 2016-05-01 at 02:30. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev for the heads-up.) + + Asia/Magadan switches from +10 to +11 on 2016-04-24 at 02:00. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev and Matt Johnson.) + + New zone Asia/Tomsk, split off from Asia/Novosibirsk. It covers + Tomsk Oblast, Russia, which switches from +06 to +07 on 2016-05-29 + at 02:00. (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + New zone Europe/Kirov, split off from Europe/Volgograd. It covers + Kirov Oblast, Russia, which switched from +04/+05 to +03/+04 on + 1989-03-26 at 02:00, roughly a year after Europe/Volgograd made + the same change. (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + Russia and nearby locations had daylight-saving transitions on + 1992-03-29 at 02:00 and 1992-09-27 at 03:00, instead of on + 1992-03-28 at 23:00 and 1992-09-26 at 23:00. (Thanks to Stepan + Golosunov.) + + Many corrections to historical time in Kazakhstan from 1991 + through 2005. (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) Replace Kazakhstan's + invented time zone abbreviations with numeric abbreviations. + + Changes to commentary + + Mention Internet RFCs 7808 (TZDIST) and 7809 (CalDAV time zone references). + + +Release 2016c - 2016-03-23 00:51:27 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Azerbaijan no longer observes DST. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Chile reverts from permanent to seasonal DST. (Thanks to Juan + Correa for the heads-up, and to Tim Parenti for corrections.) + Guess that future transitions are August's and May's second + Saturdays at 24:00 mainland time. Also, call the period from + 2014-09-07 through 2016-05-14 daylight saving time instead of + standard time, as that seems more appropriate now. + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Europe/Kaliningrad and Europe/Vilnius changed from +03/+04 to + +02/+03 on 1989-03-26, not 1991-03-31. Europe/Volgograd changed + from +04/+05 to +03/+04 on 1988-03-27, not 1989-03-26. + (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + Changes to commentary + + Several updates and URLs for historical and proposed Russian changes. + (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov, Matt Johnson, and Alexander Krivenyshev.) + + +Release 2016b - 2016-03-12 17:30:14 -0800 + + Compatibility note + + Starting with release 2016b, some data entries cause zic implementations + derived from tz releases 2005j through 2015e to issue warnings like + "time zone abbreviation differs from POSIX standard (+03)". + These warnings should not otherwise affect zic's output and can safely be + ignored on today's platforms, as the warnings refer to a restriction in + POSIX.1-1988 that was removed in POSIX.1-2001. One way to suppress the + warnings is to upgrade to zic derived from tz releases 2015f and later. + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + New zones Europe/Astrakhan and Europe/Ulyanovsk for Astrakhan and + Ulyanovsk Oblasts, Russia, both of which will switch from +03 to +04 on + 2016-03-27 at 02:00 local time. They need distinct zones since their + post-1970 histories disagree. New zone Asia/Barnaul for Altai Krai and + Altai Republic, Russia, which will switch from +06 to +07 on the same date + and local time. The Astrakhan change is already official; the others have + passed the first reading in the State Duma and are extremely likely. + Also, Asia/Sakhalin moves from +10 to +11 on 2016-03-27 at 02:00. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev for the heads-up, and to Matt Johnson + and Stepan Golosunov for followup.) + + As a trial of a new system that needs less information to be made up, + the new zones use numeric time zone abbreviations like "+04" + instead of invented abbreviations like "ASTT". + + Haiti will not observe DST in 2016. (Thanks to Jean Antoine via + Steffen Thorsen.) + + Palestine's spring-forward transition on 2016-03-26 is at 01:00, not 00:00. + (Thanks to Hannah Kreitem.) Guess future transitions will be March's last + Saturday at 01:00, not March's last Friday at 24:00. + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Europe/Chisinau observed DST during 1990, and switched from +04 to + +03 at 1990-05-06 02:00, instead of switching from +03 to +02. + (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + 1991 abbreviations in Europe/Samara should be SAMT/SAMST, not + KUYT/KUYST. (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) + + Changes to code + + tzselect's diagnostics and checking, and checktab.awk's checking, + have been improved. (Thanks to J William Piggott.) + + tzcode now builds under MinGW. (Thanks to Ian Abbott and Esben Haabendal.) + + tzselect now tests Julian-date TZ settings more accurately. + (Thanks to J William Piggott.) + + Changes to commentary + + Comments in zone tables have been improved. (Thanks to J William Piggott.) + + tzselect again limits its menu comments so that menus fit on a + 24x80 alphanumeric display. + + A new web page tz-how-to.html. (Thanks to Bill Seymour.) + + In the Theory file, the description of possible time zone abbreviations in + tzdata has been cleaned up, as the old description was unclear and + inconsistent. (Thanks to Alain Mouette for reporting the problem.) + + +Release 2016a - 2016-01-26 23:28:02 -0800 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + America/Cayman will not observe daylight saving this year after all. + Revert our guess that it would. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + Asia/Chita switches from +0800 to +0900 on 2016-03-27 at 02:00. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.) + + Asia/Tehran now has DST predictions for the year 2038 and later, + to be March 21 00:00 to September 21 00:00. This is likely better + than predicting no DST, albeit off by a day every now and then. + + Changes affecting past and future time stamps + + America/Metlakatla switched from PST all year to AKST/AKDT on + 2015-11-01 at 02:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + America/Santa_Isabel has been removed, and replaced with a + backward compatibility link to America/Tijuana. Its contents were + apparently based on a misreading of Mexican legislation. + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Asia/Karachi's two transition times in 2002 were off by a minute. + (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + Changes affecting build procedure + + An installer can now combine leap seconds with use of the backzone file, + e.g., with 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone REDO=posix_right zones'. + The old 'make posix_packrat' rule is now marked as obsolescent. + (Thanks to Ian Abbott for an initial implementation.) + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + A new file LICENSE makes it easier to see that the code and data + are mostly public-domain. (Thanks to James Knight.) The three + non-public-domain files now use the current (3-clause) BSD license + instead of older versions of that license. + + tz-link.htm mentions the BDE library (thanks to Andrew Paprocki), + CCTZ (thanks to Tim Parenti), TimeJones.com, and has a new section + on editing tz source files (with a mention of Sublime zoneinfo, + thanks to Gilmore Davidson). + + The Theory and asia files now mention the 2015 book "The Global + Transformation of Time, 1870-1950", and cite a couple of reviews. + + The America/Chicago entry now documents the informal use of US + central time in Fort Pierre, South Dakota. (Thanks to Rick + McDermid, Matt Johnson, and Steve Jones.) + + +Release 2015g - 2015-10-01 00:39:51 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Turkey's 2015 fall-back transition is scheduled for Nov. 8, not Oct. 25. + (Thanks to Fatih.) + + Norfolk moves from +1130 to +1100 on 2015-10-04 at 02:00 local time. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.) + + Fiji's 2016 fall-back transition is scheduled for January 17, not 24. + (Thanks to Ken Rylander.) + + Fort Nelson, British Columbia will not fall back on 2015-11-01. It has + effectively been on MST (-0700) since it advanced its clocks on 2015-03-08. + New zone America/Fort_Nelson. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Norfolk observed DST from 1974-10-27 02:00 to 1975-03-02 02:00. + + Changes affecting code + + localtime no longer mishandles America/Anchorage after 2037. + (Thanks to Bradley White for reporting the bug.) + + On hosts with signed 32-bit time_t, localtime no longer mishandles + Pacific/Fiji after 2038-01-16 14:00 UTC. + + The localtime module allows the variables 'timezone', 'daylight', + and 'altzone' to be in common storage shared with other modules, + and declares them in case the system does not. + (Problems reported by Kees Dekker.) + + On platforms with tm_zone, strftime.c now assumes it is not NULL. + This simplifies the code and is consistent with zdump.c. + (Problem reported by Christos Zoulas.) + + Changes affecting documentation + + The tzfile man page now documents that transition times denote the + starts (not the ends) of the corresponding time periods. + (Ambiguity reported by Bill Seymour.) + + +Release 2015f - 2015-08-10 18:06:56 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + North Korea switches to +0830 on 2015-08-15. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + The abbreviation remains "KST". (Thanks to Robert Elz.) + + Uruguay no longer observes DST. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen + and Pablo Camargo.) + + Changes affecting past and future time stamps + + Moldova starts and ends DST at 00:00 UTC, not at 01:00 UTC. + (Thanks to Roman Tudos.) + + Changes affecting data format and code + + zic's '-y YEARISTYPE' option is no longer documented. The TYPE + field of a Rule line should now be '-'; the old values 'even', + 'odd', 'uspres', 'nonpres', 'nonuspres' were already undocumented. + Although the implementation has not changed, these features do not + work in the default installation, they are not used in the data, + and they are now considered obsolescent. + + zic now checks that two rules don't take effect at the same time. + (Thanks to Jon Skeet and Arthur David Olson.) Constraints on + simultaneity are now documented. + + The two characters '%z' in a zone format now stand for the UTC + offset, e.g., '-07' for seven hours behind UTC and '+0530' for + five hours and thirty minutes ahead. This better supports time + zone abbreviations conforming to POSIX.1-2001 and later. + + Changes affecting installed data files + + Comments for America/Halifax and America/Glace_Bay have been improved. + (Thanks to Brian Inglis.) + + Data entries have been simplified for Atlantic/Canary, Europe/Simferopol, + Europe/Sofia, and Europe/Tallinn. This yields slightly smaller + installed data files for Europe/Simferopol and Europe/Tallinn. + It does not affect timestamps. (Thanks to Howard Hinnant.) + + Changes affecting code + + zdump and zic no longer warn about valid time zone abbreviations + like '-05'. + + Some Visual Studio 2013 warnings have been suppressed. + (Thanks to Kees Dekker.) + + 'date' no longer sets the time of day and its -a, -d, -n and -t + options have been removed. Long obsolescent, the implementation + of these features had porting problems. Builders no longer need + to configure HAVE_ADJTIME, HAVE_SETTIMEOFDAY, or HAVE_UTMPX_H. + (Thanks to Kees Dekker for pointing out the problem.) + + Changes affecting documentation + + The Theory file mentions naming issues earlier, as these seem to be + poorly publicized (thanks to Gilmore Davidson for reporting the problem). + + tz-link.htm mentions Time Zone Database Parser (thanks to Howard Hinnant). + + Mention that Herbert Samuel introduced the term "Summer Time". + + +Release 2015e - 2015-06-13 10:56:02 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Morocco will suspend DST from 2015-06-14 03:00 through 2015-07-19 02:00, + not 06-13 and 07-18 as we had guessed. (Thanks to Milamber.) + + Assume Cayman Islands will observe DST starting next year, using US rules. + Although it isn't guaranteed, it is the most likely. + + Changes affecting data format + + The file 'iso3166.tab' now uses UTF-8, so that its entries can better + spell the names of Åland Islands, Côte d'Ivoire, and Réunion. + + Changes affecting code + + When displaying data, tzselect converts it to the current locale's + encoding if the iconv command works. (Problem reported by random832.) + + tzselect no longer mishandles Dominica, fixing a bug introduced + in Release 2014f. (Problem reported by Owen Leibman.) + + zic -l no longer fails when compiled with -DTZDEFAULT=\"/etc/localtime\". + This fixes a bug introduced in Release 2014f. + (Problem reported by Leonardo Chiquitto.) + + +Release 2015d - 2015-04-24 08:09:46 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Egypt will not observe DST in 2015 and will consider canceling it + permanently. For now, assume no DST indefinitely. + (Thanks to Ahmed Nazmy and Tim Parenti.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + America/Whitehorse switched from UT -09 to -08 on 1967-05-28, not + 1966-07-01. Also, Yukon's time zone history is documented better. + (Thanks to Brian Inglis and Dennis Ferguson.) + + Change affecting past and future time zone abbreviations + + The abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian standard and daylight times + have been changed from HAST/HADT to HST/HDT, as per US Government + Printing Office style. This affects only America/Adak since 1983, + as America/Honolulu was already using the new style. + + Changes affecting code + + zic has some minor performance improvements. + + +Release 2015c - 2015-04-11 08:55:55 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Egypt's spring-forward transition is at 24:00 on April's last Thursday, + not 00:00 on April's last Friday. 2015's transition will therefore be on + Thursday, April 30 at 24:00, not Friday, April 24 at 00:00. Similar fixes + apply to 2026, 2037, 2043, etc. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + The following changes affect some pre-1991 Chile-related time stamps + in America/Santiago, Antarctica/Palmer, and Pacific/Easter. + + The 1910 transition was January 10, not January 1. + + The 1918 transition was September 10, not September 1. + + The UT -04 time observed from 1932 to 1942 is now considered to + be standard time, not year-round DST. + + Santiago observed DST (UT -03) from 1946-07-15 through + 1946-08-31, then reverted to standard time, then switched to -05 + on 1947-04-01. + + Assume transitions before 1968 were at 00:00, since we have no data + saying otherwise. + + The spring 1988 transition was 1988-10-09, not 1988-10-02. + The fall 1990 transition was 1990-03-11, not 1990-03-18. + + Assume no UTC offset change for Pacific/Easter on 1890-01-01, + and omit all transitions on Pacific/Easter from 1942 through 1946 + since we have no data suggesting that they existed. + + One more zone has been turned into a link, as it differed + from an existing zone only for older time stamps. As usual, + this change affects UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only. + The zone's old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + The affected zone is America/Montreal. + + Changes affecting commentary + + Mention the TZUpdater tool. + + Mention "The Time Now". (Thanks to Brandon Ramsey.) + + +Release 2015b - 2015-03-19 23:28:11 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Mongolia will start observing DST again this year, from the last + Saturday in March at 02:00 to the last Saturday in September at 00:00. + (Thanks to Ganbold Tsagaankhuu.) + + Palestine will start DST on March 28, not March 27. Also, + correct the fall 2014 transition from September 26 to October 24. + Adjust future predictions accordingly. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + The 1982 zone shift in Pacific/Easter has been corrected, fixing a 2015a + regression. (Thanks to Stuart Bishop for reporting the problem.) + + Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed + from existing zones only for older time stamps. As usual, + these changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only. + Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + The affected zones are: America/Antigua, America/Cayman, + Pacific/Midway, and Pacific/Saipan. + + Changes affecting time zone abbreviations + + Correct the 1992-2010 DST abbreviation in Volgograd from "MSK" to "MSD". + (Thanks to Hank W.) + + Changes affecting code + + Fix integer overflow bug in reference 'mktime' implementation. + (Problem reported by Jörg Richter.) + + Allow -Dtime_tz=time_t compilations, and allow -Dtime_tz=... libraries + to be used in the same executable as standard-library time_t functions. + (Problems reported by Bradley White.) + + Changes affecting commentary + + Cite the recent Mexican decree changing Quintana Roo's time zone. + (Thanks to Carlos Raúl Perasso.) + + Likewise for the recent Chilean decree. (Thanks to Eduardo Romero Urra.) + + Update info about Mars time. + + +Release 2015a - 2015-01-29 22:35:20 -0800 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + The Mexican state of Quintana Roo, represented by America/Cancun, + will shift from Central Time with DST to Eastern Time without DST + on 2015-02-01 at 02:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen and Gwillim Law.) + + Chile will not change clocks in April or thereafter; its new standard time + will be its old daylight saving time. This affects America/Santiago, + Pacific/Easter, and Antarctica/Palmer. (Thanks to Juan Correa.) + + New leap second 2015-06-30 23:59:60 UTC as per IERS Bulletin C 49. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Iceland observed DST in 1919 and 1921, and its 1939 fallback + transition was Oct. 29, not Nov. 29. Remove incorrect data from + Shanks about time in Iceland between 1837 and 1908. + + Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed + from existing zones only for older time stamps. As usual, + these changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only. + Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + The affected zones are: Asia/Aden, Asia/Bahrain, Asia/Kuwait, + and Asia/Muscat. + + Changes affecting code + + tzalloc now scrubs time zone abbreviations compatibly with the way + that tzset always has, by replacing invalid bytes with '_' and by + shortening too-long abbreviations. + + tzselect ports to POSIX awk implementations, no longer mishandles + POSIX TZ settings when GNU awk is used, and reports POSIX TZ + settings to the user. (Thanks to Stefan Kuhn.) + + Changes affecting build procedure + + 'make check' now checks for links to links in the data. + One such link (for Africa/Asmera) has been fixed. + (Thanks to Stephen Colebourne for pointing out the problem.) + + Changes affecting commentary + + The leapseconds file commentary now mentions the expiration date. + (Problem reported by Martin Burnicki.) + + Update Mexican Library of Congress URL. + + +Release 2014j - 2014-11-10 17:37:11 -0800 + + Changes affecting current and future time stamps + + Turks & Caicos' switch from US eastern time to UT -04 year-round + did not occur on 2014-11-02 at 02:00. It's currently scheduled + for 2015-11-01 at 02:00. (Thanks to Chris Walton.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Many pre-1989 time stamps have been corrected for Asia/Seoul and + Asia/Pyongyang, based on sources for the Korean-language Wikipedia + entry for time in Korea. (Thanks to Sanghyuk Jung.) Also, no + longer guess that Pyongyang mimicked Seoul time after World War II, + as this is politically implausible. + + Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed + from existing zones only for older time stamps. As usual, + these changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only. + Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + The affected zones are: Africa/Addis_Ababa, Africa/Asmara, + Africa/Dar_es_Salaam, Africa/Djibouti, Africa/Kampala, + Africa/Mogadishu, Indian/Antananarivo, Indian/Comoro, and + Indian/Mayotte. + + Changes affecting commentary + + The commentary is less enthusiastic about Shanks as a source, + and is more careful to distinguish UT from UTC. + + +Release 2014i - 2014-10-21 22:04:57 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Pacific/Fiji will observe DST from 2014-11-02 02:00 to 2015-01-18 03:00. + (Thanks to Ken Rylander for the heads-up.) Guess that future + years will use a similar pattern. + + A new Zone Pacific/Bougainville, for the part of Papua New Guinea + that plans to switch from UT +10 to +11 on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. + (Thanks to Kiley Walbom for the heads-up.) + + Changes affecting time zone abbreviations + + Since Belarus is not changing its clocks even though Moscow is, + the time zone abbreviation in Europe/Minsk is changing from FET + to its more-traditional value MSK on 2014-10-26 at 01:00. + (Thanks to Alexander Bokovoy for the heads-up about Belarus.) + + The new abbreviation IDT stands for the pre-1976 use of UT +08 in + Indochina, to distinguish it better from ICT (+07). + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Many time stamps have been corrected for Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh before 1976 + (thanks to Trần Ngọc Quân for an indirect pointer to Trần Tiến Bình's + authoritative book). Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh has been added to + zone1970.tab, to give tzselect users in Vietnam two choices, + since north and south Vietnam disagreed after our 1970 cutoff. + + Asia/Phnom_Penh and Asia/Vientiane have been turned into links, as + they differed from existing zones only for older time stamps. As + usual, these changes affect pre-1970 time stamps only. Their old + contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + + Changes affecting code + + The time-related library functions now set errno on failure, and + some crashes in the new tzalloc-related library functions have + been fixed. (Thanks to Christos Zoulas for reporting most of + these problems and for suggesting fixes.) + + If USG_COMPAT is defined and the requested time stamp is standard time, + the tz library's localtime and mktime functions now set the extern + variable timezone to a value appropriate for that time stamp; and + similarly for ALTZONE, daylight saving time, and the altzone variable. + This change is a companion to the tzname change in 2014h, and is + designed to make timezone and altzone more compatible with tzname. + + The tz library's functions now set errno to EOVERFLOW if they fail + because the result cannot be represented. ctime and ctime_r now + return NULL and set errno when a time stamp is out of range, rather + than having undefined behavior. + + Some bugs associated with the new 2014g functions have been fixed. + This includes a bug that largely incapacitated the new functions + time2posix_z and posix2time_z. (Thanks to Christos Zoulas.) + It also includes some uses of uninitialized variables after tzalloc. + The new code uses the standard type 'ssize_t', which the Makefile + now gives porting advice about. + + Changes affecting commentary + + Updated URLs for NRC Canada (thanks to Matt Johnson and Brian Inglis). + + +Release 2014h - 2014-09-25 18:59:03 -0700 + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + America/Jamaica's 1974 spring-forward transition was Jan. 6, not Apr. 28. + + Shanks says Asia/Novokuznetsk switched from LMT (not "NMT") on 1924-05-01, + not 1920-01-06. The old entry was based on a misinterpretation of Shanks. + + Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed + from existing zones only for older time stamps. As usual, + these changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only. + Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + The affected zones are: Africa/Blantyre, Africa/Bujumbura, + Africa/Gaborone, Africa/Harare, Africa/Kigali, Africa/Lubumbashi, + Africa/Lusaka, Africa/Maseru, and Africa/Mbabane. + + Changes affecting code + + zdump -V and -v now output gmtoff= values on all platforms, + not merely on platforms defining TM_GMTOFF. + + The tz library's localtime and mktime functions now set tzname to a value + appropriate for the requested time stamp, and zdump now uses this + on platforms not defining TM_ZONE, fixing a 2014g regression. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti for reporting the problem.) + + The tz library no longer sets tzname if localtime or mktime fails. + + zdump -c no longer mishandles transitions near year boundaries. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti for reporting the problem.) + + An access to uninitialized data has been fixed. + (Thanks to Jörg Richter for reporting the problem.) + + When THREAD_SAFE is defined, the code ports to the C11 memory model. + A memory leak has been fixed if ALL_STATE and THREAD_SAFE are defined + and two threads race to initialize data used by gmtime-like functions. + (Thanks to Andy Heninger for reporting the problems.) + + Changes affecting build procedure + + 'make check' now checks better for properly-sorted data. + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + zdump's gmtoff=N output is now documented, and its isdst=D output + is now documented to possibly output D values other than 0 or 1. + + zdump -c's treatment of years is now documented to use the + Gregorian calendar and Universal Time without leap seconds, + and its behavior at cutoff boundaries is now documented better. + (Thanks to Arthur David Olson and Tim Parenti for reporting the problems.) + + Programs are now documented to use the proleptic Gregorian calendar. + (Thanks to Alan Barrett for the suggestion.) + + Fractional-second GMT offsets have been documented for civil time + in 19th-century Chennai, Jakarta, and New York. + + +Release 2014g - 2014-08-28 12:31:23 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Turks & Caicos is switching from US eastern time to UT -04 + year-round, modeled as a switch on 2014-11-02 at 02:00. + [As noted in 2014j, this switch was later delayed.] + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Time in Russia or the USSR before 1926 or so has been corrected by + a few seconds in the following zones: Asia/Irkutsk, + Asia/Krasnoyarsk, Asia/Omsk, Asia/Samarkand, Asia/Tbilisi, + Asia/Vladivostok, Asia/Yakutsk, Europe/Riga, Europe/Samara. For + Asia/Yekaterinburg the correction is a few minutes. (Thanks to + Vladimir Karpinsky.) + + The Portuguese decree of 1911-05-26 took effect on 1912-01-01. + This affects 1911 time stamps in Africa/Bissau, Africa/Luanda, + Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. Also, Lisbon's pre-1912 + GMT offset was -0:36:45 (rounded from -0:36:44.68), not -0:36:32. + (Thanks to Stephen Colebourne for pointing to the decree.) + + Asia/Dhaka ended DST on 2009-12-31 at 24:00, not 23:59. + + A new file 'backzone' contains data which may appeal to + connoisseurs of old time stamps, although it is out of scope for + the tz database, is often poorly sourced, and contains some data + that is known to be incorrect. The new file is not recommended + for ordinary use and its entries are not installed by default. + (Thanks to Lester Caine for the high-quality Jersey, Guernsey, and + Isle of Man entries.) + + Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed + from existing zones only for older time stamps. As usual, + these changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only. + Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. + The affected zones are: Africa/Bangui, Africa/Brazzaville, + Africa/Douala, Africa/Kinshasa, Africa/Libreville, Africa/Luanda, + Africa/Malabo, Africa/Niamey, and Africa/Porto-Novo. + + Changes affecting code + + Unless NETBSD_INSPIRED is defined to 0, the tz library now + supplies functions for creating and using objects that represent + time zones. The new functions are tzalloc, tzfree, localtime_rz, + mktime_z, and (if STD_INSPIRED is also defined) posix2time_z and + time2posix_z. They are intended for performance: for example, + localtime_rz (unlike localtime_r) is trivially thread-safe without + locking. (Thanks to Christos Zoulas for proposing NetBSD-inspired + functions, and to Alan Barrett and Jonathan Lennox for helping to + debug the change.) + + zdump now builds with the tz library unless USE_LTZ is defined to 0, + This lets zdump use tz features even if the system library lacks them. + To build zdump with the system library, use 'make CFLAGS=-DUSE_LTZ=0 + TZDOBJS=zdump.o CHECK_TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES='. + + zdump now uses localtime_rz if available, as it's significantly faster, + and it can help zdump better diagnose invalid time zone names. + Define HAVE_LOCALTIME_RZ to 0 to suppress this. HAVE_LOCALTIME_RZ + defaults to 1 if NETBSD_INSPIRED && USE_LTZ. When localtime_rz is + not available, zdump now uses localtime_r and tzset if available, + as this is a bit cleaner and faster than plain localtime. Compile + with -DHAVE_LOCALTIME_R=0 and/or -DHAVE_TZSET=0 if your system + lacks these two functions. + + If THREAD_SAFE is defined to 1, the tz library is now thread-safe. + Although not needed for tz's own applications, which are single-threaded, + this supports POSIX better if the tz library is used in multithreaded apps. + + Some crashes have been fixed when zdump or the tz library is given + invalid or outlandish input. + + The tz library no longer mishandles leap seconds on platforms with + unsigned time_t in time zones that lack ordinary transitions after 1970. + + The tz code now attempts to infer TM_GMTOFF and TM_ZONE if not + already defined, to make it easier to configure on common platforms. + Define NO_TM_GMTOFF and NO_TM_ZONE to suppress this. + + Unless the new macro UNINIT_TRAP is defined to 1, the tz code now + assumes that reading uninitialized memory yields garbage values + but does not cause other problems such as traps. + + If TM_GMTOFF is defined and UNINIT_TRAP is 0, mktime is now + more likely to guess right for ambiguous time stamps near + transitions where tm_isdst does not change. + + If HAVE_STRFTIME_L is defined to 1, the tz library now defines + strftime_l for compatibility with recent versions of POSIX. + Only the C locale is supported, though. HAVE_STRFTIME_L defaults + to 1 on recent POSIX versions, and to 0 otherwise. + + tzselect -c now uses a hybrid distance measure that works better + in Africa. (Thanks to Alan Barrett for noting the problem.) + + The C source code now ports to NetBSD when GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS is used, + or when time_tz is defined. + + When HAVE_UTMPX_H is set the 'date' command now builds on systems + whose file does not define WTMPX_FILE, and when setting + the date it updates the wtmpx file if _PATH_WTMPX is defined. + This affects GNU/Linux and similar systems. + + For easier maintenance later, some C code has been simplified, + some lint has been removed, and the code has been tweaked so that + plain 'make' is more likely to work. + + The C type 'bool' is now used for boolean values, instead of 'int'. + + The long-obsolete LOCALE_HOME code has been removed. + + The long-obsolete 'gtime' function has been removed. + + Changes affecting build procedure + + 'zdump' no longer links in ialloc.o, as it's not needed. + + 'make check_time_t_alternatives' no longer assumes GNU diff. + + Changes affecting distribution tarballs + + The files checktab.awk and zoneinfo2tdf.pl are now distributed in + the tzdata tarball instead of the tzcode tarball, since they help + maintain the data. The NEWS and Theory files are now also + distributed in the tzdata tarball, as they're relevant for data. + (Thanks to Alan Barrett for pointing this out.) Also, the + leapseconds.awk file is no longer distributed in the tzcode + tarball, since it belongs in the tzdata tarball (where 2014f + inadvertently also distributed it). + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + A new file CONTRIBUTING is distributed. (Thanks to Tim Parenti for + suggesting a CONTRIBUTING file, and to Tony Finch and Walter Harms + for debugging it.) + + The man pages have been updated to use function prototypes, + to document thread-safe variants like localtime_r, and to document + the NetBSD-inspired functions tzalloc, tzfree, localtime_rz, and + mktime_z. + + The fields in Link lines have been renamed to be more descriptive + and more like the parameters of 'ln'. LINK-FROM has become TARGET, + and LINK-TO has become LINK-NAME. + + tz-link.htm mentions the IETF's tzdist working group; Windows + Runtime etc. (thanks to Matt Johnson); and HP-UX's tztab. + + Some broken URLs have been fixed in the commentary. (Thanks to + Lester Caine.) + + Commentary about Philippines DST has been updated, and commentary + on pre-1970 time in India has been added. + + +Release 2014f - 2014-08-05 17:42:36 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps + + Russia will subtract an hour from most of its time zones on 2014-10-26 + at 02:00 local time. (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.) + There are a few exceptions: Magadan Oblast (Asia/Magadan) and Zabaykalsky + Krai are subtracting two hours; conversely, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug + (Asia/Anadyr), Kamchatka Krai (Asia/Kamchatka), Kemerovo Oblast + (Asia/Novokuznetsk), and the Samara Oblast and the Udmurt Republic + (Europe/Samara) are not changing their clocks. The changed zones are + Europe/Kaliningrad, Europe/Moscow, Europe/Simferopol, Europe/Volgograd, + Asia/Yekaterinburg, Asia/Omsk, Asia/Novosibirsk, Asia/Krasnoyarsk, + Asia/Irkutsk, Asia/Yakutsk, Asia/Vladivostok, Asia/Khandyga, + Asia/Sakhalin, and Asia/Ust-Nera; Asia/Magadan will have two hours + subtracted; and Asia/Novokuznetsk's time zone abbreviation is affected, + but not its UTC offset. Two zones are added: Asia/Chita (split + from Asia/Yakutsk, and also with two hours subtracted) and + Asia/Srednekolymsk (split from Asia/Magadan, but with only one hour + subtracted). (Thanks to Tim Parenti for much of the above.) + + Changes affecting time zone abbreviations + + Australian eastern time zone abbreviations are now AEST/AEDT not EST, + and similarly for the other Australian zones. That is, for eastern + standard and daylight saving time the abbreviations are AEST and AEDT + instead of the former EST for both; similarly, ACST/ACDT, ACWST/ACWDT, + and AWST/AWDT are now used instead of the former CST, CWST, and WST. + This change does not affect UTC offsets, only time zone abbreviations. + (Thanks to Rich Tibbett and many others.) + + Asia/Novokuznetsk shifts from NOVT to KRAT (remaining on UT +07) + effective 2014-10-26 at 02:00 local time. + + The time zone abbreviation for Xinjiang Time (observed in Ürümqi) + has been changed from URUT to XJT. (Thanks to Luther Ma.) + + Prefer MSK/MSD for Moscow time in Russia, even in other cities. + Similarly, prefer EET/EEST for eastern European time in Russia. + + Change time zone abbreviations in (western) Samoa to use "ST" and + "DT" suffixes, as this is more likely to match common practice. + Prefix "W" to (western) Samoa time when its standard-time offset + disagrees with that of American Samoa. + + America/Metlakatla now uses PST, not MeST, to abbreviate its time zone. + + Time zone abbreviations have been updated for Japan's two time + zones used 1896-1937. JWST now stands for Western Standard + Time, and JCST for Central Standard Time (formerly this was CJT). + These abbreviations are now used for time in Korea, Taiwan, + and Sakhalin while controlled by Japan. + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + China's five zones have been simplified to two, since the post-1970 + differences in the other three seem to have been imaginary. The + zones Asia/Harbin, Asia/Chongqing, and Asia/Kashgar have been + removed; backwards-compatibility links still work, albeit with + different behaviors for time stamps before May 1980. Asia/Urumqi's + 1980 transition to UT +08 has been removed, so that it is now at + +06 and not +08. (Thanks to Luther Ma and to Alois Treindl; + Treindl sent helpful translations of two papers by Guo Qingsheng.) + + Some zones have been turned into links, when they differed from existing + zones only for older UTC offsets where data entries were likely invented. + These changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only. This is + similar to the change in release 2013e, except this time for western + Africa. The affected zones are: Africa/Bamako, Africa/Banjul, + Africa/Conakry, Africa/Dakar, Africa/Freetown, Africa/Lome, + Africa/Nouakchott, Africa/Ouagadougou, Africa/Sao_Tome, and + Atlantic/St_Helena. This also affects the backwards-compatibility + link Africa/Timbuktu. (Thanks to Alan Barrett, Stephen Colebourne, + Tim Parenti, and David Patte for reporting problems in earlier + versions of this change.) + + Asia/Shanghai's pre-standard-time UT offset has been changed from + 8:05:57 to 8:05:43, the location of Xujiahui Observatory. Its + transition to standard time has been changed from 1928 to 1901. + + Asia/Taipei switched to JWST on 1896-01-01, then to JST on 1937-10-01, + then to CST on 1945-09-21 at 01:00, and did not observe DST in 1945. + In 1946 it observed DST from 05-15 through 09-30; in 1947 + from 04-15 through 10-31; and in 1979 from 07-01 through 09-30. + (Thanks to Yu-Cheng Chuang.) + + Asia/Riyadh's transition to standard time is now 1947-03-14, not 1950. + + Europe/Helsinki's 1942 fall-back transition was 10-04 at 01:00, not + 10-03 at 00:00. (Thanks to Konstantin Hyppönen.) + + Pacific/Pago_Pago has been changed from UT -11:30 to -11 for the + period from 1911 to 1950. + + Pacific/Chatham has been changed to New Zealand standard time plus + 45 minutes for the period before 1957, reflecting a 1956 remark in + the New Zealand parliament. + + Europe/Budapest has several pre-1946 corrections: in 1918 the transition + out of DST was on 09-16, not 09-29; in 1919 it was on 11-24, not 09-15; in + 1945 it was on 11-01, not 11-03; in 1941 the transition to DST was 04-08 + not 04-06 at 02:00; and there was no DST in 1920. + + Africa/Accra is now assumed to have observed DST from 1920 through 1935. + + Time in Russia before 1927 or so has been corrected by a few seconds in + the following zones: Europe/Moscow, Asia/Irkutsk, Asia/Tbilisi, + Asia/Tashkent, Asia/Vladivostok, Asia/Yekaterinburg, Europe/Helsinki, and + Europe/Riga. Also, Moscow's location has been changed to its Kilometer 0 + point. (Thanks to Vladimir Karpinsky for the Moscow changes.) + + Changes affecting data format + + A new file 'zone1970.tab' supersedes 'zone.tab' in the installed data. + The new file's extended format allows multiple country codes per zone. + The older file is still installed but is deprecated; its format is + not changing and it will still be distributed for a while, but new + applications should use the new file. + + The new file format simplifies maintenance of obscure locations. + To test this, it adds coverage for the Crozet Islands and the + Scattered Islands. (Thanks to Tobias Conradi and Antoine Leca.) + + The file 'iso3166.tab' is planned to switch from ASCII to UTF-8. + It is still ASCII now, but commentary about the switch has been added. + The new file 'zone1970.tab' already uses UTF-8. + + Changes affecting code + + 'localtime', 'mktime', etc. now use much less stack space if ALL_STATE + is defined. (Thanks to Elliott Hughes for reporting the problem.) + + 'zic' no longer mishandles input when ignoring case in locales that + are not compatible with English, e.g., unibyte Turkish locales when + compiled with HAVE_GETTEXT. + + Error diagnostics of 'zic' and 'yearistype' have been reworded so that + they no longer use ASCII '-' as if it were a dash. + + 'zic' now rejects output file names that contain '.' or '..' components. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti for reporting the problem.) + + 'zic -v' now warns about output file names that do not follow + POSIX rules, or that contain a digit or '.'. (Thanks to Arthur + David Olson for starting the ball rolling on this.) + + Some lint has been removed when using GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS with GCC 4.9.0. + + Changes affecting build procedure + + 'zic' no longer links in localtime.o and asctime.o, as they're not needed. + (Thanks to John Cochran.) + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + The 'Theory' file documents legacy names, the longstanding + exceptions to the POSIX-inspired file name rules. + + The 'zic' documentation clarifies the role of time types when + interpreting dates. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Documentation and commentary now prefer UTF-8 to US-ASCII, + allowing the use of proper accents in foreign words and names. + Code and data have not changed because of this. (Thanks to + Garrett Wollman, Ian Abbott, and Guy Harris for helping to debug + this.) + + Non-HTML documentation and commentary now use plain-text URLs instead of + HTML insertions, and are more consistent about bracketing URLs when they + are not already surrounded by white space. (Thanks to suggestions by + Steffen Nurpmeso.) + + There is new commentary about Xujiahui Observatory, the five time-zone + project in China from 1918 to 1949, timekeeping in Japanese-occupied + Shanghai, and Tibet Time in the 1950s. The sharp-eyed can spot the + warlord Jin Shuren in the data. + + Commentary about the coverage of each Russian zone has been standardized. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti). + + There is new commentary about contemporary timekeeping in Ethiopia. + + Obsolete comments about a 2007 proposal for DST in Kuwait has been removed. + + There is new commentary about time in Poland in 1919. + + Proper credit has been given to DST inventor George Vernon Hudson. + + Commentary about time in Metlakatla, AK and Resolute, NU has been + improved, with a new source for the former. + + In zone.tab, Pacific/Easter no longer mentions Salas y Gómez, as it + is uninhabited. + + Commentary about permanent Antarctic bases has been updated. + + Several typos have been corrected. (Thanks to Tim Parenti for + contributing some of these fixes.) + + tz-link.htm now mentions the JavaScript libraries Moment Timezone, + TimezoneJS.Date, Walltime-js, and Timezone. (Thanks to a heads-up + from Matt Johnson.) Also, it mentions the Go 'latlong' package. + (Thanks to a heads-up from Dirkjan Ochtman.) + + The files usno1988, usno1989, usno1989a, usno1995, usno1997, and usno1998 + have been removed. These obsolescent US Naval Observatory entries were no + longer helpful for maintenance. (Thanks to Tim Parenti for the suggestion.) + + +Release 2014e - 2014-06-12 21:53:52 -0700 + + Changes affecting near-future time stamps + + Egypt's 2014 Ramadan-based transitions are June 26 and July 31 at 24:00. + (Thanks to Imed Chihi.) Guess that from 2015 on Egypt will temporarily + switch to standard time at 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and + back to DST at 00:00 the first Friday after Ramadan. + + Similarly, Morocco's are June 28 at 03:00 and August 2 at 02:00. (Thanks + to Milamber Space Network.) Guess that from 2015 on Morocco will + temporarily switch to standard time at 03:00 the last Saturday before + Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after Ramadan. + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + The abbreviation "MSM" (Moscow Midsummer Time) is now used instead of + "MSD" for Moscow's double daylight time in summer 1921. Also, a typo + "VLASST" has been repaired to be "VLAST" for Vladivostok summer time + in 1991. (Thanks to Hank W. for reporting the problems.) + + Changes affecting commentary + + tz-link.htm now cites RFC 7265 for jCal, mentions PTP and the + draft CalDAV extension, updates URLs for TSP, TZInfo, IATA, and + removes stale pointers to World Time Explorer and WORLDTIME. + + +Release 2014d - 2014-05-27 21:34:40 -0700 + + Changes affecting code + + zic no longer generates files containing time stamps before the Big Bang. + This works around GNOME bug 730332 + . + (Thanks to Leonardo Chiquitto for reporting the bug, and to + Arthur David Olson and James Cloos for suggesting improvements to the fix.) + + Changes affecting documentation + + tz-link.htm now mentions GNOME. + + +Release 2014c - 2014-05-13 07:44:13 -0700 + + Changes affecting near-future time stamps + + Egypt observes DST starting 2014-05-15 at 24:00. + (Thanks to Ahmad El-Dardiry and Gunther Vermier.) + Details have not been announced, except that DST will not be observed + during Ramadan. Guess that DST will stop during the same Ramadan dates as + Morocco, and that Egypt's future spring and fall transitions will be the + same as 2010 when it last observed DST, namely April's last Friday at + 00:00 to September's last Thursday at 23:00 standard time. Also, guess + that Ramadan transitions will be at 00:00 standard time. + + Changes affecting code + + zic now generates transitions for minimum time values, eliminating guesswork + when handling low-valued time stamps. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Port to Cygwin sans glibc. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Changes affecting commentary and documentation + + Remove now-confusing comment about Jordan. (Thanks to Oleksii Nochovnyi.) + + +Release 2014b - 2014-03-24 21:28:50 -0700 + + Changes affecting near-future time stamps + + Crimea switches to Moscow time on 2014-03-30 at 02:00 local time. + (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.) Move its zone.tab entry from UA to RU. + + New entry for Troll station, Antarctica. (Thanks to Paul-Inge Flakstad and + Bengt-Inge Larsson.) This is currently an approximation; a better version + will require the zic and localtime fixes mentioned below, and the plan is + to wait for a while until at least the zic fixes propagate. + + Changes affecting code + + 'zic' and 'localtime' no longer reject locations needing four transitions + per year for the foreseeable future. (Thanks to Andrew Main (Zefram).) + Also, 'zic' avoids some unlikely failures due to integer overflow. + + Changes affecting build procedure + + 'make check' now detects Rule lines defined but never used. + The NZAQ rules, an instance of this problem, have been removed. + + Changes affecting commentary and documentation + + Fix Tuesday/Thursday typo in description of time in Israel. + (Thanks to Bert Katz via Pavel Kharitonov and Mike Frysinger.) + + Microsoft Windows 8.1 doesn't support tz database names. (Thanks + to Donald MacQueen.) Instead, the Microsoft Windows Store app + library supports them. + + Add comments about Johnston Island time in the 1960s. + (Thanks to Lyle McElhaney.) + + Morocco's 2014 DST start will be as predicted. + (Thanks to Sebastien Willemijns.) + + +Release 2014a - 2014-03-07 23:30:29 -0800 + + Changes affecting near-future time stamps + + Turkey begins DST on 2014-03-31, not 03-30. (Thanks to Faruk Pasin for + the heads-up, and to Tim Parenti for simplifying the update.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps + + Fiji ended DST on 2014-01-19 at 02:00, not the previously-scheduled 03:00. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Ukraine switched from Moscow to Eastern European time on 1990-07-01 + (not 1992-01-01), and observed DST during the entire next winter. + (Thanks to Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl.) + + In 1988 Israel observed DST from 04-10 to 09-04, not 04-09 to 09-03. + (Thanks to Avigdor Finkelstein.) + + Changes affecting code + + A uninitialized-storage bug in 'localtime' has been fixed. + (Thanks to Logan Chien.) + + Changes affecting the build procedure + + The settings for 'make check_web' now default to Ubuntu 13.10. + + Changes affecting commentary and documentation + + The boundary of the US Pacific time zone is given more accurately. + (Thanks to Alan Mintz.) + + Chile's 2014 DST will be as predicted. (Thanks to José Miguel Garrido.) + + Paraguay's 2014 DST will be as predicted. (Thanks to Carlos Raúl Perasso.) + + Better descriptions of countries with same time zone history as + Trinidad and Tobago since 1970. (Thanks to Alan Barrett for suggestion.) + + Several changes affect tz-link.htm, the main web page. + + Mention Time.is (thanks to Even Scharning) and WX-now (thanks to + David Braverman). + + Mention xCal (Internet RFC 6321) and jCal. + + Microsoft has some support for tz database names. + + CLDR data formats include both XML and JSON. + + Mention Maggiolo's map of solar vs standard time. + (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Mention TZ4Net. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + Mention the timezone-olson Haskell package. + + Mention zeitverschiebung.net. (Thanks to Martin Jäger.) + + Remove moribund links to daylight-savings-time.info and to + Simple Timer + Clocks. + + Update two links. (Thanks to Oscar van Vlijmen.) + + Fix some formatting glitches, e.g., remove random newlines from + abbr elements' title attributes. + + +Release 2013i - 2013-12-17 07:25:23 -0800 + + Changes affecting near-future time stamps: + + Jordan switches back to standard time at 00:00 on December 20, 2013. + The 2006-2011 transition schedule is planned to resume in 2014. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps: + + In 2004, Cuba began DST on March 28, not April 4. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes affecting code + + The compile-time flag NOSOLAR has been removed, as nowadays the + benefit of slightly shrinking runtime table size is outweighed by the + cost of disallowing potential future updates that exceed old limits. + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + The files solar87, solar88, and solar89 are no longer distributed. + They were a negative experiment - that is, a demonstration that + tz data can represent solar time only with some difficulty and error. + Their presence in the distribution caused confusion, as Riyadh + civil time was generally not solar time in those years. + + tz-link.htm now mentions Noda Time. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) + + +Release 2013h - 2013-10-25 15:32:32 -0700 + + Changes affecting current and future time stamps: + + Libya has switched its UT offset back to +02 without DST, instead + of +01 with DST. (Thanks to Even Scharning.) + + Western Sahara (Africa/El_Aaiun) uses Morocco's DST rules. + (Thanks to Gwillim Law.) + + Changes affecting future time stamps: + + Acre and (we guess) western Amazonas will switch from UT -04 to -05 + on 2013-11-10. This affects America/Rio_Branco and America/Eirunepe. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Add entries for DST transitions in Morocco in the year 2038. + This avoids some year-2038 glitches introduced in 2013g. + (Thanks to Yoshito Umaoka for reporting the problem.) + + Changes affecting API + + The 'tzselect' command no longer requires the 'select' command, + and should now work with /bin/sh on more platforms. It also works + around a bug in BusyBox awk before version 1.21.0. (Thanks to + Patrick 'P. J.' McDermott and Alan Barrett.) + + Changes affecting code + + Fix localtime overflow bugs with 32-bit unsigned time_t. + + zdump no longer assumes sscanf returns maximal values on overflow. + + Changes affecting the build procedure + + The builder can specify which programs to use, if any, instead of + 'ar' and 'ranlib', and libtz.a is now built locally before being + installed. (Thanks to Michael Forney.) + + A dependency typo in the 'zdump' rule has been fixed. + (Thanks to Andrew Paprocki.) + + The Makefile has been simplified by assuming that 'mkdir -p' and 'cp -f' + work as specified by POSIX.2-1992 or later; this is portable nowadays. + + 'make clean' no longer removes 'leapseconds', since it's + host-independent and is part of the distribution. + + The unused makefile macros TZCSRCS, TZDSRCS, DATESRCS have been removed. + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + tz-link.htm now mentions TC TIMEZONE's draft time zone service protocol + (thanks to Mike Douglass) and TimezoneJS.Date (thanks to Jim Fehrle). + + Update URLs in tz-link page. Add URLs for Microsoft Windows, since + 8.1 introduces tz support. Remove URLs for Tru64 and UnixWare (no + longer maintained) and for old advisories. SOFA now does C. + +Release 2013g - 2013-09-30 21:08:26 -0700 + + Changes affecting current and near-future time stamps + + Morocco now observes DST from the last Sunday in March to the last + Sunday in October, not April to September respectively. (Thanks + to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes affecting 'zic' + + 'zic' now runs on platforms that lack both hard links and symlinks. + (Thanks to Theo Veenker for reporting the problem, for MinGW.) + Also, fix some bugs on platforms that lack hard links but have symlinks. + + 'zic -v' again warns that Asia/Tehran has no POSIX environment variable + to predict the far future, fixing a bug introduced in 2013e. + + Changes affecting the build procedure + + The 'leapseconds' file is again put into the tzdata tarball. + Also, 'leapseconds.awk', so tzdata is self-contained. (Thanks to + Matt Burgess and Ian Abbott.) The timestamps of these and other + dependent files in tarballs are adjusted more consistently. + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + The README file is now part of the data tarball as well as the code. + It now states that files are public domain unless otherwise specified. + (Thanks to Andrew Main (Zefram) for asking for clarifications.) + Its details about the 1989 release moved to a place of honor near + the end of NEWS. + + +Release 2013f - 2013-09-24 23:37:36 -0700 + + Changes affecting near-future time stamps + + Tocantins will very likely not observe DST starting this spring. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Jordan will likely stay at UT +03 indefinitely, and will not fall + back this fall. + + Palestine will fall back at 00:00, not 01:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Changes affecting API + + The types of the global variables 'timezone' and 'altzone' (if present) + have been changed back to 'long'. This is required for 'timezone' + by POSIX, and for 'altzone' by common practice, e.g., Solaris 11. + These variables were originally 'long' in the tz code, but were + mistakenly changed to 'time_t' in 1987; nobody reported the + incompatibility until now. The difference matters on x32, where + 'long' is 32 bits and 'time_t' is 64. (Thanks to Elliott Hughes.) + + Changes affecting the build procedure + + Avoid long strings in leapseconds.awk to work around a mawk bug. + (Thanks to Cyril Baurand.) + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + New file 'NEWS' that contains release notes like this one. + + Paraguay's law does not specify DST transition time; 00:00 is customary. + (Thanks to Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo.) + + Minor capitalization fixes. + + Changes affecting version-control only + + The experimental GitHub repository now contains annotated and + signed tags for recent releases, e.g., '2013e' for Release 2013e. + Releases are tagged starting with 2012e; earlier releases were + done differently, and tags would either not have a simple name or + not exactly match what was released. + + 'make set-timestamps' is now simpler and a bit more portable. + + +Release 2013e - 2013-09-19 23:50:04 -0700 + + Changes affecting near-future time stamps + + This year Fiji will start DST on October 27, not October 20. + (Thanks to David Wheeler for the heads-up.) For now, guess that + Fiji will continue to spring forward the Sunday before the fourth + Monday in October. + + Changes affecting current and future time zone abbreviations + + Use WIB/WITA/WIT rather than WIT/CIT/EIT for alphabetic Indonesian + time zone abbreviations since 1932. (Thanks to George Ziegler, + Priyadi Iman Nurcahyo, Zakaria, Jason Grimes, Martin Pitt, and + Benny Lin.) This affects Asia/Dili, Asia/Jakarta, Asia/Jayapura, + Asia/Makassar, and Asia/Pontianak. + + Use ART (UT -03, standard time), rather than WARST (also -03, but + daylight saving time) for San Luis, Argentina since 2009. + + Changes affecting Godthåb time stamps after 2037 if version mismatch + + Allow POSIX-like TZ strings where the transition time's hour can + range from -167 through 167, instead of the POSIX-required 0 + through 24. E.g., TZ='FJT-12FJST,M10.3.1/146,M1.3.4/75' for the + new Fiji rules. This is a more-compact way to represent + far-future time stamps for America/Godthab, America/Santiago, + Antarctica/Palmer, Asia/Gaza, Asia/Hebron, Asia/Jerusalem, + Pacific/Easter, and Pacific/Fiji. Other zones are unaffected by + this change. (Derived from a suggestion by Arthur David Olson.) + + Allow POSIX-like TZ strings where daylight saving time is in + effect all year. E.g., TZ='WART4WARST,J1/0,J365/25' for Western + Argentina Summer Time all year. This supports a more-compact way + to represent the 2013d data for America/Argentina/San_Luis. + Because of the change for San Luis noted above this change does not + affect the current data. (Thanks to Andrew Main (Zefram) for + suggestions that improved this change.) + + Where these two TZ changes take effect, there is a minor extension + to the tz file format in that it allows new values for the + embedded TZ-format string, and the tz file format version number + has therefore been increased from 2 to 3 as a precaution. + Version-2-based client code should continue to work as before for + all time stamps before 2038. Existing version-2-based client code + (tzcode, GNU/Linux, Solaris) has been tested on version-3-format + files, and typically works in practice even for time stamps after + 2037; the only known exception is America/Godthab. + + Changes affecting time stamps before 1970 + + Pacific/Johnston is now a link to Pacific/Honolulu. This corrects + some errors before 1947. + + Some zones have been turned into links, when they differ from existing + zones only in older data entries that were likely invented or that + differ only in LMT or transitions from LMT. These changes affect + only time stamps before 1943. The affected zones are: + Africa/Juba, America/Anguilla, America/Aruba, America/Dominica, + America/Grenada, America/Guadeloupe, America/Marigot, + America/Montserrat, America/St_Barthelemy, America/St_Kitts, + America/St_Lucia, America/St_Thomas, America/St_Vincent, + America/Tortola, and Europe/Vaduz. (Thanks to Alois Treindl for + confirming that the old Europe/Vaduz zone was wrong and the new + link is better for WWII-era times.) + + Change Kingston Mean Time from -5:07:12 to -5:07:11. This affects + America/Cayman, America/Jamaica and America/Grand_Turk time stamps + from 1890 to 1912. + + Change the UT offset of Bern Mean Time from 0:29:44 to 0:29:46. + This affects Europe/Zurich time stamps from 1853 to 1894. (Thanks + to Alois Treindl). + + Change the date of the circa-1850 Zurich transition from 1849-09-12 + to 1853-07-16, overriding Shanks with data from Messerli about + postal and telegraph time in Switzerland. + + Changes affecting time zone abbreviations before 1970 + + For Asia/Jakarta, use BMT (not JMT) for mean time from 1923 to 1932, + as Jakarta was called Batavia back then. + + Changes affecting API + + The 'zic' command now outputs a dummy transition when far-future + data can't be summarized using a TZ string, and uses a 402-year + window rather than a 400-year window. For the current data, this + affects only the Asia/Tehran file. It does not affect any of the + time stamps that this file represents, so zdump outputs the same + information as before. (Thanks to Andrew Main (Zefram).) + + The 'date' command has a new '-r' option, which lets you specify + the integer time to display, a la FreeBSD. + + The 'tzselect' command has two new options '-c' and '-n', which lets you + select a zone based on latitude and longitude. + + The 'zic' command's '-v' option now warns about constructs that + require the new version-3 binary file format. (Thanks to Arthur + David Olson for the suggestion.) + + Support for floating-point time_t has been removed. + It was always dicey, and POSIX no longer requires it. + (Thanks to Eric Blake for suggesting to the POSIX committee to + remove it, and thanks to Alan Barrett, Clive D.W. Feather, Andy + Heninger, Arthur David Olson, and Alois Treindl, for reporting + bugs and elucidating some of the corners of the old floating-point + implementation.) + + The signatures of 'offtime', 'timeoff', and 'gtime' have been + changed back to the old practice of using 'long' to represent UT + offsets. This had been inadvertently and mistakenly changed to + 'int_fast32_t'. (Thanks to Christos Zoulas.) + + The code avoids undefined behavior on integer overflow in some + more places, including gmtime, localtime, mktime and zdump. + + Changes affecting the zdump utility + + zdump now outputs "UT" when referring to Universal Time, not "UTC". + "UTC" does not make sense for time stamps that predate the introduction + of UTC, whereas "UT", a more-generic term, does. (Thanks to Steve Allen + for clarifying UT vs UTC.) + + Data changes affecting behavior of tzselect and similar programs + + Country code BQ is now called the more-common name "Caribbean Netherlands" + rather than the more-official "Bonaire, St Eustatius & Saba". + + Remove from zone.tab the names America/Montreal, America/Shiprock, + and Antarctica/South_Pole, as they are equivalent to existing + same-country-code zones for post-1970 time stamps. The data entries for + these names are unchanged, so the names continue to work as before. + + Changes affecting code internals + + zic -c now runs way faster on 64-bit hosts when given large numbers. + + zic now uses vfprintf to avoid allocating and freeing some memory. + + tzselect now computes the list of continents from the data, + rather than have it hard-coded. + + Minor changes pacify GCC 4.7.3 and GCC 4.8.1. + + Changes affecting the build procedure + + The 'leapseconds' file is now generated automatically from a + new file 'leap-seconds.list', which is a copy of + . + A new source file 'leapseconds.awk' implements this. + The goal is simplification of the future maintenance of 'leapseconds'. + + When building the 'posix' or 'right' subdirectories, if the + subdirectory would be a copy of the default subdirectory, it is + now made a symbolic link if that is supported. This saves about + 2 MB of file system space. + + The links America/Shiprock and Antarctica/South_Pole have been + moved to the 'backward' file. This affects only nondefault builds + that omit 'backward'. + + Changes affecting version-control only + + .gitignore now ignores 'date'. + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary + + Changes to the 'tzfile' man page + + It now mentions that the binary file format may be extended in + future versions by appending data. + + It now refers to the 'zdump' and 'zic' man pages. + + Changes to the 'zic' man page + + It lists conditions that elicit a warning with '-v'. + + It says that the behavior is unspecified when duplicate names + are given, or if the source of one link is the target of another. + + Its examples are updated to match the latest data. + + The definition of white space has been clarified slightly. + (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) + + Changes to the 'Theory' file + + There is a new section about the accuracy of the tz database, + describing the many ways that errors can creep in, and + explaining why so many of the pre-1970 time stamps are wrong or + misleading (thanks to Steve Allen, Lester Caine, and Garrett + Wollman for discussions that contributed to this). + + The 'Theory' file describes LMT better (this follows a + suggestion by Guy Harris). + + It refers to the 2013 edition of POSIX rather than the 2004 edition. + + It's mentioned that excluding 'backward' should not affect the + other data, and it suggests at least one zone.tab name per + inhabited country (thanks to Stephen Colebourne). + + Some longstanding restrictions on names are documented, e.g., + 'America/New_York' precludes 'America/New_York/Bronx'. + + It gives more reasons for the 1970 cutoff. + + It now mentions which time_t variants are supported, such as + signed integer time_t. (Thanks to Paul Goyette for reporting + typos in an experimental version of this change.) + + (Thanks to Philip Newton for correcting typos in these changes.) + + Documentation and commentary is more careful to distinguish UT in + general from UTC in particular. (Thanks to Steve Allen.) + + Add a better source for the Zurich 1894 transition. + (Thanks to Pierre-Yves Berger.) + + Update shapefile citations in tz-link.htm. (Thanks to Guy Harris.) + + +Release 2013d - 2013-07-05 07:38:01 -0700 + + Changes affecting future time stamps: + + Morocco's midsummer transitions this year are July 7 and August 10, + not July 9 and August 8. (Thanks to Andrew Paprocki.) + + Israel now falls back on the last Sunday of October. + (Thanks to Ephraim Silverberg.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps: + + Specify Jerusalem's location more precisely; this changes the pre-1880 + times by 2 s. + + Changing affecting metadata only: + + Fix typos in the entries for country codes BQ and SX. + + Changes affecting code: + + Rework the code to fix a bug with handling Australia/Macquarie on + 32-bit hosts (thanks to Arthur David Olson). + + Port to platforms like NetBSD, where time_t can be wider than long. + + Add support for testing time_t types other than the system's. + Run 'make check_time_t_alternatives' to try this out. + Currently, the tests fail for unsigned time_t; + this should get fixed at some point. + + Changes affecting documentation and commentary: + + Deemphasize the significance of national borders. + + Update the zdump man page. + + Remove obsolete NOID comment (thanks to Denis Excoffier). + + Update several URLs and comments in the web pages. + + Spelling fixes (thanks to Kevin Lyda and Jonathan Leffler). + + Update URL for CLDR Zone->Tzid table (thanks to Yoshito Umaoka). + + +Release 2013c - 2013-04-19 16:17:40 -0700 + + Changes affecting current and future time stamps: + + Palestine observed DST starting March 29, 2013. (Thanks to + Steffen Thorsen.) From 2013 on, Gaza and Hebron both observe DST, + with the predicted rules being the last Thursday in March at 24:00 + to the first Friday on or after September 21 at 01:00. + + Assume that the recent change to Paraguay's DST rules is permanent, + by moving the end of DST to the 4th Sunday in March every year. + (Thanks to Carlos Raúl Perasso.) + + Changes affecting past time stamps: + + Fix some historical data for Palestine to agree with that of + timeanddate.com, as follows: + + The spring 2008 change in Gaza and Hebron was on 00:00 Mar 28, not + 00:00 Apr 1. + + The fall 2009 change in Gaza and Hebron on Sep 4 was at 01:00, not + 02:00. + + The spring 2010 change in Hebron was 00:00 Mar 26, not 00:01 Mar 27. + + The spring 2011 change in Gaza was 00:01 Apr 1, not 12:01 Apr 2. + + The spring 2011 change in Hebron on Apr 1 was at 00:01, not 12:01. + + The fall 2011 change in Hebron on Sep 30 was at 00:00, not 03:00. + + Fix times of habitation for Macquarie to agree with the Tasmania + Parks & Wildlife Service history, which indicates that permanent + habitation was 1899-1919 and 1948 on. + + Changing affecting metadata only: + + Macquarie Island is politically part of Australia, not Antarctica. + (Thanks to Tobias Conradi.) + + Sort Macquarie more-consistently with other parts of Australia. + (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) + + +Release 2013b - 2013-03-10 22:33:40 -0700 + + Changes affecting current and future time stamps: + + Haiti uses US daylight-saving rules this year, and presumably future years. + This changes time stamps starting today. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Paraguay will end DST on March 24 this year. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) For now, assume it's just this year. + + Morocco does not observe DST during Ramadan; + try to predict Ramadan in Morocco as best we can. + (Thanks to Erik Homoet for the heads-up.) + + Changes affecting commentary: + + Update URLs in tz-link page. Add URLs for webOS, BB10, iOS. + Update URL for Solaris. Mention Internet RFC 6557. + Update Internet RFCs 2445->5545, 2822->5322. + Switch from FTP to HTTP for Internet RFCs. + + +Release 2013a - 2013-02-27 09:20:35 -0800 + + Change affecting binary data format: + + The zone offset at the end of version-2-format zone files is now + allowed to be 24:00, as per POSIX.1-2008. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Changes affecting current and future time stamps: + + Chile's 2013 rules, and we guess rules for 2014 and later, will be + the same as 2012, namely Apr Sun>=23 03:00 UTC to Sep Sun>=2 04:00 UTC. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen and Robert Elz.) + + New Zones Asia/Khandyga, Asia/Ust-Nera, Europe/Busingen. + (Thanks to Tobias Conradi and Arthur David Olson.) + + Many changes affect historical time stamps before 1940. + These were deduced from: Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 + Feb;13(2):173-94 . + + Changes affecting the code: + + Fix zic bug that mishandled Egypt's 2010 changes (this also affected + the data). (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Fix localtime bug when time_t is unsigned and data files were generated + by a signed time_t system. (Thanks to Doug Bailey for reporting and + to Arthur David Olson for fixing.) + + Allow the email address for bug reports to be set by the packager. + The default is tz@iana.org, as before. (Thanks to Joseph S. Myers.) + + Update HTML checking to be compatible with Ubuntu 12.10. + + Check that files are a safe subset of ASCII. At some point we may + relax this requirement to a safe subset of UTF-8. Without the + check, some non-UTF-8 encodings were leaking into the distribution. + + Commentary changes: + + Restore a comment about copyright notices that was inadvertently deleted. + (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + Improve the commentary about which districts observe what times + in Russia. (Thanks to Oscar van Vlijmen and Arthur David Olson). + + Add web page links to tz.js. + + Add "Run by the Monkeys" to tz-art. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) + + +Release 2012j - 2012-11-12 18:34:49 -0800 + + Libya moved to CET this weekend, but with DST planned next year. + (Thanks to Even Scharning, Steffen Thorsen, and Tim Parenti.) + + Signatures now have the extension .asc, not .sign, as that's more + standard. (Thanks to Phil Pennock.) + + The output of 'zdump --version', and of 'zic --version', now + uses a format that is more typical for --version. + (Thanks to Joseph S. Myers.) + + The output of 'tzselect --help', 'zdump --help', and 'zic --help' + now uses tz@iana.org rather than the old elsie address. + + zic -v now complains about abbreviations that are less than 3 + or more than 6 characters, as per Posix. Formerly, it checked + for abbreviations that were more than 3. + + 'make public' no longer puts its temporary directory under /tmp, + and uses the just-built zic rather than the system zic. + + Various fixes to documentation and commentary. + + +Release 2012i - 2012-11-03 12:57:09 -0700 + + Cuba switches from DST tomorrow at 01:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Linker flags can now be specified via LDFLAGS. + AWK now defaults to 'awk', not 'nawk'. + The shell in tzselect now defaults to /bin/bash, but this can + be overridden by specifying KSHELL. + The main web page now mentions the unofficial GitHub repository. + (Thanks to Mike Frysinger.) + + Tarball signatures can now be built by running 'make signatures'. + There are also new makefile rules 'tarballs', 'check_public', and + separate makefile rules for each tarball and signature file. + A few makefile rules are now more portable to strict POSIX. + + The main web page now lists the canonical IANA URL. + + +Release 2012h - 2012-10-26 22:49:10 -0700 + + Bahia no longer has DST. (Thanks to Kelley Cook.) + + Tocantins has DST. (Thanks to Rodrigo Severo.) + + Israel has new DST rules next year. (Thanks to Ephraim Silverberg.) + + Jordan stays on DST this winter. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Web page updates. + + More C modernization, except that at Arthur David Olson's suggestion + the instances of 'register' were kept. + + +Release 2012g - 2012-10-17 20:59:45 -0700 + + Samoa fall 2012 and later. (Thanks to Nicholas Pereira and Robert Elz.) + + Palestine fall 2012. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + Assume C89. + + To attack the version-number problem, this release ships the file + 'Makefile' (which contains the release number) in both the tzcode and + the tzdata tarballs. The two Makefiles are identical, and should be + identical in any matching pair of tarballs, so it shouldn't matter + which order you extract the tarballs. Perhaps we can come up with a + better version-number scheme at some point; this scheme does have the + virtue of not adding more files. + + +Release 2012f - 2012-09-12 23:17:03 -0700 + + * australasia (Pacific/Fiji): Fiji DST is October 21 through January + 20 this year. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + +Release 2012e - 2012-08-02 20:44:55 -0700 + + * australasia (Pacific/Fakaofo): Tokelau is UT +13, not +14. + (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) + + * Use a single version number for both code and data. + + * .gitignore: New file. + + * Remove trailing white space. + + +Release code2012c-data2012d - 2012-07-19 16:35:33 -0700 + + Changes for Morocco's time stamps, which take effect in a couple of + hours, along with infrastructure changes to accommodate how the tz + code and data are released on IANA. + + +Release data2012c - 2012-03-27 12:17:25 -0400 + + africa + Summer time changes for Morocco (to start late April 2012) + + asia + Changes for 2012 for Gaza & the West Bank (Hebron) and Syria + + northamerica + Haiti following US/Canada rules for 2012 (and we're assuming, + for now anyway, for the future). + + +Release 2012b - 2012-03-02 12:29:15 +0700 + + There is just one change to tzcode2012b (compared with 2012a): + the Makefile that was accidentally included with 2012a has been + replaced with the version that should have been there, which is + identical with the previous version (from tzcode2011i). + + There are just two changes in tzdata2012b compared with 2012a. + + Most significantly, summer time in Cuba has been delayed 3 weeks + (now starts April 1 rather than March 11). Since Mar 11 (the old start + date, as listed in 2012a) is just a little over a week away, this + change is urgent. + + Less importantly, an excess tab in one of the changes in zone.tab + in 2012a has been removed. + + +Release 2012a - 2012-03-01 18:28:10 +0700 + + The changes in tzcode2012a (compared to the previous version, 2011i) + are entirely to the README and tz-art.htm and tz-link.htm files, if + none of those concern you, you can ignore the code update. The changes + reflect the changed addresses for the mailing list and the code and + data distribution points & methods (and a link to DateTime::TimeZone::Tzfile + has been added to tz-link.htm). + + In tzdata2012a (compared to the previous release, which was 2011n) + the major changes are: + Chile 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 summer time date adjustments. + Falkland Islands onto permanent summer time (we're assuming for the + foreseeable future, though 2012 is all we're fairly certain of.) + Armenia has abolished Summer Time. + Tokelau jumped the International Date Line back last December + (just the same as their near neighbour, Samoa). + America/Creston is a new zone for a small area of British Columbia + There will be a leapsecond 2012-06-30 23:59:60 UTC. + + Other minor changes are: + Corrections to 1918 Canadian summer time end dates. + Updated URL for UK time zone history (in comments) + A few typos in Le Corre's list of free French place names (comments) + + +Release data2011n - 2011-10-30 14:57:54 +0700 + + There are three changes of note - most urgently, Cuba (America/Havana) + has extended summer time by two weeks, now to end on Nov 13, rather than + the (already past) Oct 30. Second, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic + (Europe/Tiraspol) decided not to split from the rest of Moldova after + all, and consequently that zone has been removed (again) and reinstated + in the "backward" file as a link to Europe/Chisinau. And third, the + end date for Fiji's summer time this summer was moved forward from the + earlier planned Feb 26, to Jan 22. + + Apart from that, Moldova (MD) returns to a single entry in zone.tab + (and the incorrect syntax that was in the 2011m version of that file + is so fixed - it would have been fixed in a different way had this + change not happened - that's the "missing" sccs version id). + + +Release data2011m - 2011-10-24 21:42:16 +0700 + + In particular, the typos in comments in the data (2011-11-17 should have + been 2011-10-17 as Alan Barrett noted, and spelling of Tiraspol that + Tim Parenti noted) have been fixed, and the change for Ukraine has been + made in all 4 Ukrainian zones, rather than just Kiev (again, thanks to + Tim Parenti, and also Denys Gavrysh) + + In addition, I added Europe/Tiraspol to zone.tab. + + This time, all the files have new version numbers... (including the files + otherwise unchanged in 2011m that were changed in 2011l but didn't get new + version numbers there...) + + +Release data2011l - 2011-10-10 11:15:43 +0700 + + There are just 2 changes that cause different generated tzdata files from + zic, to Asia/Hebron and Pacific/Fiji - the possible change for Bahia, Brazil + is included, but commented out. Compared with the diff I sent out last week, + this version also includes attributions for the sources for the changes + (in much the same format as ado used, but the html tags have not been + checked, verified, or used in any way at all, so if there are errors there, + please let me know.) + + +Release data2011k - 2011-09-20 17:54:03 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2011j - 2011-09-12 09:22:49 -0400 + + (contemporary changes for Samoa; past changes for Kenya, Uganda, and + Tanzania); there are also two spelling corrections to comments in + the australasia file (with thanks to Christos Zoulas). + + +Release 2011i - 2011-08-29 05:56:32 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2011h - 2011-06-15 18:41:48 -0400 + + Russia and Curaçao changes + + +Release 2011g - 2011-04-25 09:07:22 -0400 + + update the rules for Egypt to reflect its abandonment of DST this year + + +Release 2011f - 2011-04-06 17:14:53 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2011e - 2011-03-31 16:04:38 -0400 + + Morocco, Chile, and tz-link changes + + +Release 2011d - 2011-03-14 09:18:01 -0400 + + changes that impact present-day time stamps in Cuba, Samoa, and Turkey + + +Release 2011c - 2011-03-07 09:30:09 -0500 + + These do affect current time stamps in Chile and Annette Island, Canada. + + +Release 2011b - 2011-02-07 08:44:50 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2011a - 2011-01-24 10:30:16 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2010o - 2010-11-01 09:18:23 -0400 + + change to the end of DST in Fiji in 2011 + + +Release 2010n - 2010-10-25 08:19:17 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2010m - 2010-09-27 09:24:48 -0400 + + Hong Kong, Vostok, and zic.c changes + + +Release 2010l - 2010-08-16 06:57:25 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2010k - 2010-07-26 10:42:27 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2010j - 2010-05-10 09:07:48 -0400 + + changes for Bahía de Banderas and for version naming + + +Release data2010i - 2010-04-16 18:50:45 -0400 + + the end of DST in Morocco on 2010-08-08 + + +Release data2010h - 2010-04-05 09:58:56 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2010g - 2010-03-24 11:14:53 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2010f - 2010-03-22 09:45:46 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2010e - 2010-03-08 14:24:27 -0500 + + corrects the Dhaka bug found by Danvin Ruangchan + + +Release data2010d - 2010-03-06 07:26:01 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2010c - 2010-03-01 09:20:58 -0500 + + changes including KRE's suggestion for earlier initialization of + "goahead" and "goback" structure elements + + +Release code2010a - 2010-02-16 10:40:04 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2010b - 2010-01-20 12:37:01 -0500 + + Mexico changes + + +Release data2010a - 2010-01-18 08:30:04 -0500 + + changes to Dhaka + + +Release data2009u - 2009-12-26 08:32:28 -0500 + + changes to DST in Bangladesh + + +Release 2009t - 2009-12-21 13:24:27 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2009s - 2009-11-14 10:26:32 -0500 + + (cosmetic) Antarctica change and the DST-in-Fiji-in-2009-and-2010 change + + +Release 2009r - 2009-11-09 10:10:31 -0500 + + "antarctica" and "tz-link.htm" changes + + +Release 2009q - 2009-11-02 09:12:40 -0500 + + with two corrections as reported by Eric Muller and Philip Newton + + +Release data2009p - 2009-10-23 15:05:27 -0400 + + Argentina (including San Luis) changes (with the correction from + Mariano Absatz) + + +Release data2009o - 2009-10-14 16:49:38 -0400 + + Samoa (commentary only), Pakistan, and Bangladesh changes + + +Release data2009n - 2009-09-22 15:13:38 -0400 + + added commentary for Argentina and a change to the end of DST in + 2009 in Pakistan + + +Release data2009m - 2009-09-03 10:23:43 -0400 + + Samoa and Palestine changes + + +Release data2009l - 2009-08-14 09:13:07 -0400 + + Samoa (comments only) and Egypt + + +Release 2009k - 2009-07-20 09:46:08 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2009j - 2009-06-15 06:43:59 -0400 + + Bangladesh change (with a short turnaround since the DST change is + impending) + + +Release 2009i - 2009-06-08 09:21:22 -0400 + + updating for DST in Bangladesh this year + + +Release 2009h - 2009-05-26 09:19:14 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2009g - 2009-04-20 16:34:07 -0400 + + Cairo + + +Release data2009f - 2009-04-10 11:00:52 -0400 + + correct DST in Pakistan + + +Release 2009e - 2009-04-06 09:08:11 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2009d - 2009-03-23 09:38:12 -0400 + + Morocco, Tunisia, Argentina, and American Astronomical Society changes + + +Release data2009c - 2009-03-16 09:47:51 -0400 + + change to the start of Cuban DST + + +Release 2009b - 2009-02-09 11:15:22 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2009a - 2009-01-21 10:09:39 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release data2008i - 2008-10-21 12:10:25 -0400 + + southamerica and zone.tab files, with Argentina DST rule changes and + United States zone reordering and recommenting + + +Release 2008h - 2008-10-13 07:33:56 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2008g - 2008-10-06 09:03:18 -0400 + + Fix a broken HTML anchor and update Brazil's DST transitions; + there's also a slight reordering of information in tz-art.htm. + + +Release data2008f - 2008-09-09 22:33:26 -0400 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2008e - 2008-07-28 14:11:17 -0400 + + changes by Arthur David Olson and Jesper Nørgaard Welen + + +Release data2008d - 2008-07-07 09:51:38 -0400 + + changes by Arthur David Olson, Paul Eggert, and Rodrigo Severo + + +Release data2008c - 2008-05-19 17:48:03 -0400 + + Pakistan, Morocco, and Mongolia + + +Release data2008b - 2008-03-24 08:30:59 -0400 + + including renaming Asia/Calcutta to Asia/Kolkata, with a backward + link provided + + +Release 2008a - 2008-03-08 05:42:16 -0500 + + [not summarized] + + +Release 2007k - 2007-12-31 10:25:22 -0500 + + most importantly, changes to the "southamerica" file based on + Argentina's readoption of daylight saving time + + +Release 2007j - 2007-12-03 09:51:01 -0500 + + 1. eliminate the "P" (parameter) macro; + + 2. the "noncontroversial" changes circulated on the time zone + mailing list (less the changes to "logwtmp.c"); + + 3. eliminate "too many transition" errors when "min" is used in time + zone rules; + + 4. changes by Paul Eggert (including updated information for Venezuela). + + +Release data2007i - 2007-10-30 10:28:11 -0400 + + changes for Cuba and Syria + + +Release 2007h - 2007-10-01 10:05:51 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert, as well as an updated link to the ICU + project in tz-link.htm + + +Release 2007g - 2007-08-20 10:47:59 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + The "leapseconds" file has been updated to incorporate the most + recent International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service + (IERS) bulletin. + + There's an addition to tz-art.htm regarding the television show "Medium". + + +Release 2007f - 2007-05-07 10:46:46 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert (including Haiti, Turks and Caicos, and New + Zealand) + + changes to zic.c to allow hour values greater than 24 (along with + Paul's improved time value overflow checking) + + +Release 2007e - 2007-04-02 10:11:52 -0400 + + Syria and Honduras changes by Paul Eggert + + zic.c variable renaming changes by Arthur David Olson + + +Release 2007d - 2007-03-20 08:48:30 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + the elimination of white space at the ends of lines + + +Release 2007c - 2007-02-26 09:09:37 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2007b - 2007-02-12 09:34:20 -0500 + + Paul Eggert's proposed change to the quotation handling logic in zic.c. + + changes to the commentary in "leapseconds" reflecting the IERS + announcement that there is to be no positive leap second at the end + of June 2007. + + +Release 2007a - 2007-01-08 12:28:29 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + Derick Rethan's Asmara change + + Oscar van Vlijmen's Easter Island local mean time change + + symbolic link changes + + +Release 2006p - 2006-11-27 08:54:27 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2006o - 2006-11-06 09:18:07 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2006n - 2006-10-10 11:32:06 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2006m - 2006-10-02 15:32:35 -0400 + + changes for Uruguay, Palestine, and Egypt by Paul Eggert + + (minimalist) changes to zic.8 to clarify "until" information + + +Release data2006l - 2006-09-18 12:58:11 -0400 + + Paul's best-effort work on this coming weekend's Egypt time change + + +Release 2006k - 2006-08-28 12:19:09 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2006j - 2006-08-21 09:56:32 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release code2006i - 2006-08-07 12:30:55 -0400 + + localtime.c fixes + + Ken Pizzini's conversion script + + +Release code2006h - 2006-07-24 09:19:37 -0400 + + adds public domain notices to four files + + includes a fix for transition times being off by a second + + adds a new recording to the "arts" file (information courtesy Colin Bowern) + + +Release 2006g - 2006-05-08 17:18:09 -0400 + + northamerica changes by Paul Eggert + + +Release 2006f - 2006-05-01 11:46:00 -0400 + + a missing version number problem is fixed (with thanks to Bradley + White for catching the problem) + + +Release 2006d - 2006-04-17 14:33:43 -0400 + + changes by Paul Eggert + + added new items to tz-arts.htm that were found by Paul + + +Release 2006c - 2006-04-03 10:09:32 -0400 + + two sets of data changes by Paul Eggert + + a fencepost error fix in zic.c + + changes to zic.c and the "europe" file to minimize differences + between output produced by the old 32-bit zic and the new 64-bit + version + + +Release 2006b - 2006-02-20 10:08:18 -0500 + [tz32code2006b + tz64code2006b + tzdata2006b] + + 64-bit code + + All SCCS IDs were bumped to "8.1" for this release. + + +Release 2006a - 2006-01-30 08:59:31 -0500 + + changes by Paul Eggert (in particular, Indiana time zone moves) + + an addition to the zic manual page to describe how special-case + transitions are handled + + +Release 2005r - 2005-12-27 09:27:13 -0500 + + Canadian changes by Paul Eggert + + They also add "
" directives to time zone data files and reflect
+  changes to warning message logic in "zdump.c" (but with calls to
+  "gettext" kept unbundled at the suggestion of Ken Pizzini).
+
+
+Release 2005q - 2005-12-13 09:17:09 -0500
+
+  Nothing earth-shaking here:
+	1.  Electronic mail addresses have been removed.
+	2.  Casts of the return value of exit have been removed.
+	3.  Casts of the argument of is.* macros have been added.
+	4.  Indentation in one section of zic.c has been fixed.
+	5.  References to dead URLs in the data files have been dealt with.
+
+
+Release 2005p - 2005-12-05 10:30:53 -0500
+
+  "systemv", "tz-link.htm", and "zdump.c" changes
+  (less the casts of arguments to the is* macros)
+
+
+Release 2005o - 2005-11-28 10:55:26 -0500
+
+  Georgia, Cuba, Nicaragua, and Jordan changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  zdump.c lint fixes by Arthur David Olson
+
+
+Release 2005n - 2005-10-03 09:44:09 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert (both the Uruguay changes and the Kyrgyzstan
+  et al. changes)
+
+
+Release 2005m - 2005-08-29 12:15:40 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert (with a small tweak to the tz-art change)
+
+  a declaration of an unused variable has been removed from zdump.c
+
+
+Release 2005l - 2005-08-22 12:06:39 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  overflow/underflow checks by Arthur David Olson, minus changes to
+  the "Theory" file about the pending addition of 64-bit data (I grow
+  less confident of the changes being accepted with each passing day,
+  and the changes no longer increase the data files nine-fold--there's
+  less than a doubling in size by my local Sun's reckoning)
+
+
+Release 2005k - 2005-07-14 14:14:24 -0400
+
+  The "leapseconds" file has been edited to reflect the recently
+  announced leap second at the end of 2005.
+
+  I've also deleted electronic mail addresses from the files as an
+  anti-spam measure.
+
+
+Release 2005j - 2005-06-13 14:34:13 -0400
+
+  These reflect changes to limit the length of time zone abbreviations
+  and the characters used in those abbreviations.
+
+  There are also changes to handle POSIX-style "quoted" time zone
+  environment variables.
+
+  The changes were circulated on the time zone mailing list; the only
+  change since then was the removal of a couple of minimum-length of
+  abbreviation checks.
+
+
+Release data2005i - 2005-04-21 15:04:16 -0400
+
+  changes (most importantly to Nicaragua and Haiti) by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release 2005h - 2005-04-04 11:24:47 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  minor changes to Makefile and zdump.c to produce more useful output
+  when doing a "make typecheck"
+
+
+Release 2005g - 2005-03-14 10:11:21 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert (a change to current DST rules in Uruguay and
+  an update to a link to time zone software)
+
+
+Release 2005f - 2005-03-01 08:45:32 -0500
+
+  data and documentation changes by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release 2005e - 2005-02-10 15:59:44 -0500
+
+  [not summarized]
+
+
+Release code2005d - 2005-01-31 09:21:47 -0500
+
+  make zic complain about links to links if the -v flag is used
+
+  have "make public" do more code checking
+
+  add an include to "localtime.c" for the benefit of gcc systems
+
+
+Release 2005c - 2005-01-17 18:36:29 -0500
+
+  get better results when mktime runs on a system where time_t is double
+
+  changes to the data files (most importantly to Paraguay)
+
+
+Release 2005b - 2005-01-10 09:19:54 -0500
+
+  Get localtime and gmtime working on systems with exotic time_t types.
+
+  Update the leap second commentary in the "leapseconds" file.
+
+
+Release 2005a - 2005-01-01 13:13:44 -0500
+
+  [not summarized]
+
+
+Release code2004i - 2004-12-14 13:42:58 -0500
+
+  Deal with systems where time_t is unsigned.
+
+
+Release code2004h - 2004-12-07 11:40:18 -0500
+
+  64-bit-time_t changes
+
+
+Release 2004g - 2004-11-02 09:06:01 -0500
+
+  update to Cuba (taking effect this weekend)
+
+  other changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  correction of the spelling of Oslo
+
+  changed versions of difftime.c and private.h
+
+
+Release code2004f - 2004-10-21 10:25:22 -0400
+
+  Cope with wide-ranging tm_year values.
+
+
+Release 2004e - 2004-10-11 14:47:21 -0400
+
+  Brazil/Argentina/Israel changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  changes to tz-link.htm by Paul
+
+  one small fix to Makefile
+
+
+Release 2004d - 2004-09-22 08:27:29 -0400
+
+  Avoid overflow problems when TM_YEAR_BASE is added to an integer.
+
+
+Release 2004c - 2004-08-11 12:06:26 -0400
+
+  asctime-related changes
+
+  (variants of) some of the documentation changes suggested by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release 2004b - 2004-07-19 14:33:35 -0400
+
+  data changes by Paul Eggert - most importantly, updates for Argentina
+
+
+Release 2004a - 2004-05-27 12:00:47 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  Handle DST transitions that occur at the end of a month in some
+  years but at the start of the following month in other years.
+
+  Add a copy of the correspondence that's the basis for claims about
+  DST in the Navajo Nation.
+
+
+Release 2003e - 2003-12-15 09:36:47 -0500
+
+  changes by Arthur David Olson (primarily code changes)
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert (primarily data changes)
+
+  minor changes to "Makefile" and "northamerica" (in the latter case,
+  optimization of the "Toronto" rules)
+
+
+Release 2003d - 2003-10-06 09:34:44 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release 2003c - 2003-09-16 10:47:05 -0400
+
+  Fix bad returns in zic.c's inleap function.
+  Thanks to Bradley White for catching the problem!
+
+
+Release 2003b - 2003-09-16 07:13:44 -0400
+
+  Add a "--version" option (and documentation) to the zic and zdump commands.
+
+  changes to overflow/underflow checking in zic
+
+  a localtime typo fix.
+
+  Update the leapseconds and tz-art.htm files.
+
+
+Release 2003a - 2003-03-24 09:30:54 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  a few additions and modifications to the tz-art.htm file
+
+
+Release 2002d - 2002-10-15 13:12:42 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert, less the "Britain (UK)" change in iso3166.tab
+
+  There's also a new time zone quote in "tz-art.htm".
+
+
+Release 2002c - 2002-04-04 11:55:20 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  Change zic.c to avoid creating symlinks to files that don't exist.
+
+
+Release 2002b - 2002-01-28 12:56:03 -0500
+
+  [These change notes are for Release 2002a, which was corrupted.
+  2002b was a corrected version of 2002a.]
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  Update the "leapseconds" file to note that there'll be no leap
+  second at the end of June, 2002.
+
+  Change "zic.c" to deal with a problem in handling the "Asia/Bishkek" zone.
+
+  Change to "difftime.c" to avoid sizeof problems.
+
+
+Release 2001d - 2001-10-09 13:31:32 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release 2001c - 2001-06-05 13:59:55 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert and Andrew Brown
+
+
+Release 2001b - 2001-04-05 16:44:38 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert (modulo jnorgard's typo fix)
+
+  tz-art.htm has been HTMLified.
+
+
+Release 2001a - 2001-03-13 12:57:44 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  An addition to the "leapseconds" file: comments with the text of the
+  latest IERS leap second notice.
+
+  Trailing white space has been removed from data file lines, and
+  repeated spaces in "Rule Jordan" lines in the "asia" file have been
+  converted to tabs.
+
+
+Release 2000h - 2000-12-14 15:33:38 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  one typo fix in the "art" file
+
+  With providence, this is the last update of the millennium.
+
+
+Release 2000g - 2000-10-10 11:35:22 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  correction of John Mackin's name submitted by Robert Elz
+
+  Garry Shandling's Daylight Saving Time joke (!?!) from the recent
+  Emmy Awards broadcast.
+
+
+Release 2000f - 2000-08-10 09:31:58 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  Added information in "tz-art.htm" on a Seinfeld reference to DST.
+
+  Error checking and messages in the "yearistype" script have been
+  improved.
+
+
+Release 2000e - 2000-07-31 09:27:54 -0400
+
+  data changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  a change to the default value of the defined constant HAVE_STRERROR
+
+  the addition of a Dave Barry quote on DST to the tz-arts file
+
+
+Release 2000d - 2000-04-20 15:43:04 -0400
+
+  changes to the documentation and code of strftime for C99 conformance
+
+  a bug fix for date.c
+
+  These are based on (though modified from) changes by Paul Eggert.
+
+
+Release 2000c - 2000-03-04 10:31:43 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release 2000b - 2000-02-21 12:16:29 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert and Joseph Myers
+
+  modest tweaks to the tz-art.htm and tz-link.htm files
+
+
+Release 2000a - 2000-01-18 09:21:26 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  The two hypertext documents have also been renamed.
+
+
+Release code1999i-data1999j - 1999-11-15 18:43:22 -0500
+
+  Paul Eggert's changes
+
+  additions to the "zic" manual page and the "Arts.htm" file
+
+
+Release code1999h-data1999i - 1999-11-08 14:55:21 -0500
+
+  [not summarized]
+
+
+Release data1999h - 1999-10-07 03:50:29 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert to "europe" (most importantly, fixing
+  Lithuania and Estonia)
+
+
+Release 1999g - 1999-09-28 11:06:18 -0400
+
+  data changes by Paul Eggert (most importantly, the change for
+  Lebanon that buys correctness for this coming Sunday)
+
+  The "code" file contains changes to "Makefile" and "checktab.awk" to
+  allow better checking of time zone files before they are published.
+
+
+Release 1999f - 1999-09-23 09:48:14 -0400
+
+  changes by Arthur David Olson and Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release 1999e - 1999-08-17 15:20:54 -0400
+
+  changes circulated by Paul Eggert, although the change to handling
+  of DST-specifying time zone names has been commented out for now
+  (search for "XXX" in "localtime.c" for details).  These files also
+  do not make any changes to the start of DST in Brazil.
+
+  In addition to Paul's changes, there are updates to "Arts.htm" and
+  cleanups of URLs.
+
+
+Release 1999d - 1999-03-30 11:31:07 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  The Makefile's "make public" rule has also been changed to do a test
+  compile of each individual time zone data file (which should help
+  avoid problems such as the one we had with Nicosia).
+
+
+Release 1999c - 1999-03-25 09:47:47 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert, most importantly the change for Chile.
+
+
+Release 1999b - 1999-02-01 17:51:44 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  code changes (suggested by Mani Varadarajan, mani at be.com) for
+  correct handling of symbolic links when building using a relative directory
+
+  code changes to generate correct messages for failed links
+
+  updates to the URLs in Arts.htm
+
+
+Release 1999a - 1999-01-19 16:20:29 -0500
+
+  error message internationalizations and corrections in zic.c and
+  zdump.c (as suggested by Vladimir Michl, vladimir.michl at upol.cz,
+  to whom thanks!)
+
+
+Release code1998h-data1998i - 1998-10-01 09:56:10 -0400
+
+  changes for Brazil, Chile, and Germany
+
+  support for use of "24:00" in the input files for the time zone compiler
+
+
+Release code1998g-data1998h - 1998-09-24 10:50:28 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  correction to a define in the "private.h" file
+
+
+Release data1998g - 1998-08-11 03:28:35 -0000
+  [tzdata1998g.tar.gz is missing!]
+
+  Lithuanian change provided by mgedmin at pub.osf.it
+
+  Move creation of the GMT link with Etc/GMT to "etcetera" (from
+  "backward") to ensure that the GMT file is created even where folks
+  don't want the "backward" links (as suggested by Paul Eggert).
+
+
+Release data1998f - 1998-07-20 13:50:00 -0000
+  [tzdata1998f.tar.gz is missing!]
+
+  Update the "leapseconds" file to include the newly-announced
+  insertion at the end of 1998.
+
+
+Release code1998f - 1998-06-01 10:18:31 -0400
+
+  addition to localtime.c by Guy Harris
+
+
+Release 1998e - 1998-05-28 09:56:26 -0400
+
+  The Makefile is changed to produce zoneinfo-posix rather than
+  zoneinfo/posix, and to produce zoneinfo-leaps rather than
+  zoneinfo/right.
+
+  data changes by Paul Eggert
+
+  changes from Guy Harris to provide asctime_r and ctime_r
+
+  A usno1998 file (substantially identical to usno1997) has been added.
+
+
+Release 1998d - 1998-05-14 11:58:34 -0400
+
+  changes to comments (in particular, elimination of references to CIA maps).
+  "Arts.htm", "WWW.htm", "asia", and "australasia" are the only places
+  where changes occur.
+
+
+Release 1998c - 1998-02-28 12:32:26 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert (save the "French correction," on which I'll
+  wait for the dust to settle)
+
+  symlink changes
+
+  changes and additions to Arts.htm
+
+
+Release 1998b - 1998-01-17 14:31:51 -0500
+
+  URL cleanups and additions
+
+
+Release 1998a - 1998-01-13 12:37:35 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release code1997i-data1997k - 1997-12-29 09:53:41 -0500
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert, with minor modifications from Arthur David
+  Olson to make the files more browser friendly
+
+
+Release code1997h-data1997j - 1997-12-18 17:47:35 -0500
+
+  minor changes to put "TZif" at the start of each time zone information file
+
+  a rule has also been added to the Makefile so you can
+	make zones
+  to just recompile the zone information files (rather than doing a
+  full "make install" with its other effects).
+
+
+Release data1997i - 1997-10-07 08:45:38 -0400
+
+  changes to Africa by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release code1997g-data1997h - 1997-09-04 16:56:54 -0400
+
+  corrections for Uruguay (and other locations)
+
+  Arthur David Olson's simple-minded fix allowing mktime to both
+  correctly handle leap seconds and correctly handle tm_sec values
+  upon which arithmetic has been performed.
+
+
+Release code1997f-data1997g - 1997-07-19 13:15:02 -0400
+
+  Paul Eggert's updates
+
+  a small change to a function prototype;
+
+  "Music" has been renamed "Arts.htm", HTMLified, and augmented to
+  include information on Around the World in Eighty Days.
+
+
+Release code1997e-data1997f - 1997-05-03 18:52:34 -0400
+
+  fixes to zic's error handling
+
+  changes inspired by the item circulated on Slovenia
+
+  The description of Web resources has been HTMLified for browsing
+  convenience.
+
+  A new piece of tz-related music has been added to the "Music" file.
+
+
+Release code1997d-data1997e - 1997-03-29 12:48:52 -0500
+
+  Paul Eggert's latest suggestions
+
+
+Release code1997c-data1997d - 1997-03-07 20:37:54 -0500
+
+  changes to "zic.c" to correct performance of the "-s" option
+
+  a new file "usno1997"
+
+
+Release data1997c - 1997-03-04 09:58:18 -0500
+
+  changes in Israel
+
+
+Release 1997b - 1997-02-27 18:34:19 -0500
+
+  The data file incorporates the 1997 leap second.
+
+  The code file incorporates Arthur David Olson's take on the
+  zic/multiprocessor/directory-creation situation.
+
+
+Release 1997a - 1997-01-21 09:11:10 -0500
+
+  Paul Eggert's Antarctica (and other changes)
+
+  Arthur David Olson finessed the "getopt" issue by checking against
+  both -1 and EOF (regardless of POSIX, SunOS 4.1.1's manual says -1
+  is returned while SunOS 5.5's manual says EOF is returned).
+
+
+Release code1996o-data1996n - 1996-12-27 21:42:05 -0500
+
+  Paul Eggert's latest changes
+
+
+Release code1996n - 1996-12-16 09:42:02 -0500
+
+  link snapping fix from Bruce Evans (via Garrett Wollman)
+
+
+Release data1996m - 1996-11-24 02:37:34 -0000
+  [tzdata1996m.tar.gz is missing!]
+
+  Paul Eggert's batch of changes
+
+
+Release code1996m-data1996l - 1996-11-05 14:00:12 -0500
+
+  No functional changes here; the files have simply been changed to
+  make more use of ISO style dates in comments. The names of the above
+  files now include the year in full.
+
+
+Release code96l - 1996-09-08 17:12:20 -0400
+
+  tzcode96k was missing a couple of pieces.
+
+
+Release 96k - 1996-09-08 16:06:22 -0400
+
+  the latest round of changes from Paul Eggert
+
+  the recent Year 2000 material
+
+
+Release code96j - 1996-07-30 13:18:53 -0400
+
+  Set sp->typecnt as suggested by Timothy Patrick Murphy.
+
+
+Release code96i - 1996-07-27 20:11:35 -0400
+
+  Paul's suggested patch for strftime %V week numbers
+
+
+Release data96i - 1996-07-01 18:13:04 -0400
+
+  "northamerica" and "europe" changes by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release code96h - 1996-06-05 08:02:21 -0400
+
+  fix for handling transitions specified in Universal Time
+
+  Some "public domain" notices have also been added.
+
+
+Release code96g - 1996-05-16 14:00:26 -0400
+
+  fix for the simultaneous-DST-and-zone-change challenge
+
+
+Release data96h - 1996-05-09 17:40:51 -0400
+
+  changes by Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release code96f-data96g - 1996-05-03 03:09:59 -0000
+  [tzcode96f.tar.gz + tzdata96g.tar.gz are both missing!]
+
+  The changes get us some of the way to fixing the problems noted in Paul
+  Eggert's letter yesterday (in addition to a few others).  The approach
+  has been to make zic a bit smarter about figuring out what time zone
+  abbreviations apply just after the time specified in the "UNTIL" part
+  of a zone line.  Putting the smarts in zic means avoiding having
+  transition times show up in both "Zone" lines and "Rule" lines, which
+  in turn avoids multiple transition time entries in time zone files.
+  (This also makes the zic input files such as "europe" a bit shorter and
+  should ease maintenance.)
+
+
+Release data96f - 1996-04-19 19:20:03 -0000
+  [tzdata96f.tar.gz is missing!]
+
+  The only changes are to the "northamerica" file; the time zone
+  abbreviation for Denver is corrected to MST (and MDT), and the
+  comments for Mexico have been updated.
+
+
+Release data96e - 1996-03-19 17:37:26 -0500
+
+  Proposals by Paul Eggert, in particular the Portugal change that
+  comes into play at the end of this month.
+
+
+Release data96d - 1996-03-18 20:49:39 -0500
+
+  [not summarized]
+
+
+Release code96e - 1996-02-29 15:43:27 -0000
+  [tzcode96e.tar.gz is missing!]
+
+  internationalization changes and the fix to the documentation for strftime
+
+
+Release code96d-data96c - 1996-02-12 11:05:27 -0500
+
+  The "code" file simply updates Bob Kridle's electronic address.
+
+  The "data" file updates rules for Mexico.
+
+
+Release data96b - 1996-01-27 15:44:42 -0500
+
+  Kiribati change
+
+
+Release code96c - 1996-01-16 16:58:15 -0500
+
+  leap-year streamlining and binary-search changes
+
+  fix to newctime.3
+
+
+Release code96b - 1996-01-10 20:42:39 -0500
+
+  fixes and enhancements from Paul Eggert, including code that
+  emulates the behavior of recent versions of the SunOS "date"
+  command.
+
+
+Release 96a - 1996-01-06 09:08:24 -0500
+
+  Israel updates
+
+  fixes to strftime.c for correct ISO 8601 week number generation,
+  plus support for two new formats ('G' and 'g') to give ISO 8601 year
+  numbers (which are not necessarily the same as calendar year numbers)
+
+
+Release code95i-data95m - 1995-12-21 12:46:47 -0500
+
+  The latest revisions from Paul Eggert are included, the usno1995
+  file has been updated, and a new file ("WWW") covering useful URLs
+  has been added.
+
+
+Release code95h-data95l - 1995-12-19 18:10:12 -0500
+
+  A simplification of a macro definition, a change to data for Sudan,
+  and (for last minute shoppers) notes in the "Music" file on the CD
+  "Old Man Time".
+
+
+Release code95g-data95k - 1995-10-30 10:32:47 -0500
+
+  (slightly reformatted) 8-bit-clean proposed patch
+
+  minor patch: US/Eastern -> America/New_York
+
+  snapshot of the USNO's latest data ("usno1995")
+
+  some other minor cleanups
+
+
+Release code95f-data95j - 1995-10-28 21:01:34 -0000
+  [tzcode95f.tar.gz + tzdata95j.tar.gz are both missing!]
+
+  European cleanups
+
+  support for 64-bit time_t's
+
+  optimization in localtime.c
+
+
+Release code95e - 1995-10-13 13:23:57 -0400
+
+  the mktime change to scan from future to past when trying to find time zone
+  offsets
+
+
+Release data95i - 1995-09-26 10:43:26 -0400
+
+  For Canada/Central, guess that the Sun customer's "one week too
+  early" was just a approximation, and the true error is one month
+  too early.  This is consistent with the rest of Canada.
+
+
+Release data95h - 1995-09-21 11:26:48 -0400
+
+  latest changes from Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release code95d - 1995-09-14 11:14:45 -0400
+
+  the addition of a "Music" file, which documents four recorded
+  versions of the tune "Save That Time".
+
+
+Release data95g - 1995-09-01 17:21:36 -0400
+
+  "yearistype" correction
+
+
+Release data95f - 1995-08-28 20:46:56 -0400
+
+  Paul Eggert's change to the australasia file
+
+
+Release data95e - 1995-07-08 18:02:34 -0400
+
+  The only change is a leap second at the end of this year.
+  Thanks to Bradley White for forwarding news on the leap second.
+
+
+Release data95d - 1995-07-03 13:26:22 -0400
+
+  Paul Eggert's changes
+
+
+Release data95c - 1995-07-02 19:19:28 -0400
+
+  changes to "asia", "backward", "europe", and "southamerica"
+  (read: northamericacentrics need not apply)
+
+
+Release code95c - 1995-03-13 14:00:46 -0500
+
+  one-line fix for sign extension problems in detzcode
+
+
+Release 95b - 1995-03-04 11:22:38 -0500
+
+  Minor changes in both:
+
+  The "code" file contains a workaround for the lack of "unistd.h" in
+  Microsoft C++ version 7.
+
+  The "data" file contains a fixed "Link" for America/Shiprock.
+
+
+Release 94h - 1994-12-10 12:51:14 -0500
+
+  The files:
+
+  *	incorporate the changes to "zdump" and "date" to make changes to
+	the "TZ" environment variable permanent;
+
+  *	incorporate the table changes by Paul Eggert;
+
+  *	include (and document) support for universal time specifications in
+	data files - but do not (yet) include use of this feature in the
+	data files.
+
+  Think of this as "TZ Classic" - the software has been set up not to break if
+  universal time shows up in its input, and data entries have been
+  left as is so as not to break existing implementations.
+
+
+Release data94f - 1994-08-20 12:56:09 -0400
+
+  (with thanks!) the latest data updates from Paul Eggert
+
+
+Release data94e - 1994-06-04 13:13:53 -0400
+
+  [not summarized]
+
+
+Release code94g - 1994-05-05 12:14:07 -0400
+
+  fix missing "optind.c" and a reference to it in the Makefile
+
+
+Release code94f - 1994-05-05 13:00:33 -0000
+  [tzcode94f.tar.gz is missing!]
+
+  changes to avoid overflow in difftime, as well as changes to cope
+  with the 52/53 challenge in strftime
+
+
+Release code94e - 1994-03-30 23:32:59 -0500
+
+  change for the benefit of PCTS
+
+
+Release 94d - 1994-02-24 15:42:25 -0500
+
+  Avoid clashes with POSIX semantics for zones such as GMT+4.
+
+  Some other very minor housekeeping is also present.
+
+
+Release code94c - 1994-02-10 08:52:40 -0500
+
+  Fix bug where mkdirs was broken unless you compile with
+  -fwritable-strings (which is generally losing to do).
+
+
+Release 94b - 1994-02-07 10:04:33 -0500
+
+  work by Paul Eggert who notes:
+
+  I found another book of time zone histories by E W Whitman; it's not
+  as extensive as Shanks but has a few goodies of its own.  I used it
+  to update the tables.  I also fixed some more as a result of
+  correspondence with Adam David and Peter Ilieve, and move some stray
+  links from 'europe' to 'backward'.  I corrected some scanning errors
+  in usno1989.
+
+  As far as the code goes, I fixed zic to allow years in the range
+  INT_MIN to INT_MAX; this fixed a few boundary conditions around 1900.
+  And I cleaned up the zic documentation a little bit.
+
+
+Release data94a - 1994-02-03 08:58:54 -0500
+
+  It simply incorporates the recently announced leap second into the
+  "leapseconds" file.
+
+
+Release 93g - 1993-11-22 17:28:27 -0500
+
+  Paul Eggert has provided a good deal of historic information (based
+  on Shanks), and there are some code changes to deal with the buglets
+  that crawled out in dealing with the new information.
+
+
+Release 93f - 1993-10-15 12:27:46 -0400
+
+  Paul Eggert's changes
+
+
+Release 93e - 1993-09-05 21:21:44 -0400
+
+  This has updated data for Israel, England, and Kwajalein.  There's
+  also an update to "zdump" to cope with Kwajalein's 24-hour jump.
+  Thanks to Paul Eggert and Peter Ilieve for the changes.
+
+
+Release 93d - 1993-06-17 23:34:17 -0400
+
+  new fix and new data on Israel
+
+
+Release 93c - 1993-06-06 19:31:55 -0400
+
+  [not summarized]
+
+
+Release 93b - 1993-02-02 14:53:58 -0500
+
+  updated "leapseconds" file
+
+
+Release 93 - 1993-01-08 07:01:06 -0500
+
+  At kre's suggestion, the package has been split in two - a code piece
+  (which also includes documentation) that's only of use to folks who
+  want to recompile things and a data piece useful to anyone who can
+  run "zic".
+
+  The new version has a few changes to the data files, a few
+  portability changes, and an off-by-one fix (with thanks to
+  Tom Karzes at deshaw.com for providing a description and a
+  solution).
+
+
+Release 92c - 1992-11-21 17:35:36 -0000
+  [tz92c.tar.Z is missing!]
+
+  The fallout from the latest round of DST transitions.
+
+  There are changes for Portugal, Saskatchewan, and "Pacific-New";
+  there's also a change to "zic.c" that makes it portable to more systems.
+
+
+Release 92 - 1992-04-25 18:17:03 -0000
+  [tz92.tar.Z is missing!]
+
+  By popular demand (well, at any rate, following a request by kre at munnari)
+
+
+The 1989 update of the time zone package featured:
+
+  *	POSIXization (including interpretation of POSIX-style TZ environment
+	variables, provided by Guy Harris),
+  *	ANSIfication (including versions of "mktime" and "difftime"),
+  *	SVIDulation (an "altzone" variable)
+  *	MACHination (the "gtime" function)
+  *	corrections to some time zone data (including corrections to the rules
+	for Great Britain and New Zealand)
+  *	reference data from the United States Naval Observatory for folks who
+	want to do additional time zones
+  *	and the 1989 data for Saudi Arabia.
+
+  (Since this code will be treated as "part of the implementation" in some
+  places and as "part of the application" in others, there's no good way to
+  name functions, such as timegm, that are not part of the proposed ANSI C
+  standard; such functions have kept their old, underscore-free names in this
+  update.)
+
+  And the "dysize" function has disappeared; it was present to allow
+  compilation of the "date" command on old BSD systems, and a version of "date"
+  is now provided in the package.  The "date" command is not created when you
+  "make all" since it may lack options provided by the version distributed with
+  your operating system, or may not interact with the system in the same way
+  the native version does.
+
+  Since POSIX frowns on correct leap second handling, the default behavior of
+  the "zic" command (in the absence of a "-L" option) has been changed to omit
+  leap second information from its output files.
+
+
+-----
+Notes
+
+This file contains copies of the part of each release announcement
+that talks about the changes in that release.  The text has been
+adapted and reformatted for the purposes of this file.
+
+Traditionally a release R consists of a pair of tarball files,
+tzcodeR.tar.gz and tzdataR.tar.gz.  However, some releases (e.g.,
+code2010a, data2012c) consist of just one or the other tarball, and a
+few (e.g., code2012c-data2012d) have tarballs with mixed version
+numbers.  Recent releases also come in an experimental format
+consisting of a single tarball tzdb-R.tar.lz with extra data.
+
+Release time stamps are taken from the release's commit (for newer,
+Git-based releases), from the newest file in the tarball (for older
+releases, where this info is available) or from the email announcing
+the release (if all else fails; these are marked with a time zone of
+-0000 and an "is missing!" comment).
+
+Earlier versions of the code and data were not announced on the tz
+list and are not summarized here.
+
+This file is in the public domain.
+
+Local Variables:
+coding: utf-8
+End:
Index: vendor/tzdata/dist/README
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/dist/README	(nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/dist/README	(revision 308265)
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+README for the tz distribution
+
+"What time is it?" -- Richard Deacon as The King
+"Any time you want it to be." -- Frank Baxter as The Scientist
+					(from the Bell System film "About Time")
+
+The Time Zone Database (often called tz or zoneinfo) contains code and
+data that represent the history of local time for many representative
+locations around the globe.  It is updated periodically to reflect
+changes made by political bodies to time zone boundaries, UTC offsets,
+and daylight-saving rules.
+
+Here is a recipe for acquiring, building, installing, and testing the
+tz distribution on a GNU/Linux or similar host.
+
+To acquire the distribution, run the following shell commands:
+
+	mkdir tz
+	cd tz
+	wget --retr-symlinks 'ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/tz*-latest.tar.gz'
+	gzip -dc tzcode-latest.tar.gz | tar -xf -
+	gzip -dc tzdata-latest.tar.gz | tar -xf -
+
+Alternatively, the following shell commands acquire the same
+distribution, with extra data useful for regression testing:
+
+	wget --retr-symlinks 'ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/tzdb-latest.tar.lz'
+	lzip -dc tzdb-latest.tar.lz | tar -xf -
+
+Be sure to read the comments in "Makefile" and make any changes needed
+to make things right for your system, especially if you are using some
+platform other than GNU/Linux.  Then run the following commands,
+substituting your desired installation directory for "$HOME/tzdir":
+
+	make TOPDIR=$HOME/tzdir install
+	$HOME/tzdir/etc/zdump -v America/Los_Angeles
+
+Historical local time information has been included here to:
+
+*	provide a compendium of data about the history of civil time
+	that is useful even if not 100% accurate;
+
+*	give an idea of the variety of local time rules that have
+	existed in the past and thus an idea of the variety that may be
+	expected in the future;
+
+*	provide a test of the generality of the local time rule description
+	system.
+
+The information in the time zone data files is by no means authoritative;
+fixes and enhancements are welcome.  Please see the file CONTRIBUTING
+for details.
+
+Thanks to these Time Zone Caballeros who've made major contributions to the
+time conversion package: Keith Bostic; Bob Devine; Paul Eggert; Robert Elz;
+Guy Harris; Mark Horton; John Mackin; and Bradley White.  Thanks also to
+Michael Bloom, Art Neilson, Stephen Prince, John Sovereign, and Frank Wales
+for testing work, and to Gwillim Law for checking local mean time data.
+Thanks in particular to Arthur David Olson, the project's founder and first
+maintainer, to whom the time zone community owes the greatest debt of all.
+None of them are responsible for remaining errors.
+
+Look in  for updated versions of these files.
+
+Please send comments or information to tz@iana.org.
+
+-----
+
+This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by
+Arthur David Olson.  The other files in this distribution are either
+public domain or BSD licensed; see the file LICENSE for details.
Index: vendor/tzdata/dist/Theory
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/dist/Theory	(nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/dist/Theory	(revision 308265)
@@ -0,0 +1,840 @@
+Theory and pragmatics of the tz code and data
+
+
+----- Outline -----
+
+	Scope of the tz database
+	Names of time zone rules
+	Time zone abbreviations
+	Accuracy of the tz database
+	Time and date functions
+	Calendrical issues
+	Time and time zones on Mars
+
+
+----- Scope of the tz database -----
+
+The tz database attempts to record the history and predicted future of
+all computer-based clocks that track civil time.  To represent this
+data, the world is partitioned into regions whose clocks all agree
+about time stamps that occur after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff point
+of the POSIX Epoch (1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC).  For each such region,
+the database records all known clock transitions, and labels the region
+with a notable location.  Although 1970 is a somewhat-arbitrary
+cutoff, there are significant challenges to moving the cutoff earlier
+even by a decade or two, due to the wide variety of local practices
+before computer timekeeping became prevalent.
+
+Clock transitions before 1970 are recorded for each such location,
+because most systems support time stamps before 1970 and could
+misbehave if data entries were omitted for pre-1970 transitions.
+However, the database is not designed for and does not suffice for
+applications requiring accurate handling of all past times everywhere,
+as it would take far too much effort and guesswork to record all
+details of pre-1970 civil timekeeping.
+
+As described below, reference source code for using the tz database is
+also available.  The tz code is upwards compatible with POSIX, an
+international standard for UNIX-like systems.  As of this writing, the
+current edition of POSIX is:
+
+  The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7
+  IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition
+  
+
+
+
+----- Names of time zone rules -----
+
+Each of the database's time zone rules has a unique name.
+Inexperienced users are not expected to select these names unaided.
+Distributors should provide documentation and/or a simple selection
+interface that explains the names; for one example, see the 'tzselect'
+program in the tz code.  The Unicode Common Locale Data Repository
+ contains data that may be useful for other
+selection interfaces.
+
+The time zone rule naming conventions attempt to strike a balance
+among the following goals:
+
+ * Uniquely identify every region where clocks have agreed since 1970.
+   This is essential for the intended use: static clocks keeping local
+   civil time.
+
+ * Indicate to experts where that region is.
+
+ * Be robust in the presence of political changes.  For example, names
+   of countries are ordinarily not used, to avoid incompatibilities
+   when countries change their name (e.g. Zaire->Congo) or when
+   locations change countries (e.g. Hong Kong from UK colony to
+   China).
+
+ * Be portable to a wide variety of implementations.
+
+ * Use a consistent naming conventions over the entire world.
+
+Names normally have the form AREA/LOCATION, where AREA is the name
+of a continent or ocean, and LOCATION is the name of a specific
+location within that region.  North and South America share the same
+area, 'America'.  Typical names are 'Africa/Cairo', 'America/New_York',
+and 'Pacific/Honolulu'.
+
+Here are the general rules used for choosing location names,
+in decreasing order of importance:
+
+	Use only valid POSIX file name components (i.e., the parts of
+		names other than '/').  Do not use the file name
+		components '.' and '..'.  Within a file name component,
+		use only ASCII letters, '.', '-' and '_'.  Do not use
+		digits, as that might create an ambiguity with POSIX
+		TZ strings.  A file name component must not exceed 14
+		characters or start with '-'.  E.g., prefer 'Brunei'
+		to 'Bandar_Seri_Begawan'.  Exceptions: see the discussion
+		of legacy names below.
+	A name must not be empty, or contain '//', or start or end with '/'.
+	Do not use names that differ only in case.  Although the reference
+		implementation is case-sensitive, some other implementations
+		are not, and they would mishandle names differing only in case.
+	If one name A is an initial prefix of another name AB (ignoring case),
+		then B must not start with '/', as a regular file cannot have
+		the same name as a directory in POSIX.  For example,
+		'America/New_York' precludes 'America/New_York/Bronx'.
+	Uninhabited regions like the North Pole and Bouvet Island
+		do not need locations, since local time is not defined there.
+	There should typically be at least one name for each ISO 3166-1
+		officially assigned two-letter code for an inhabited country
+		or territory.
+	If all the clocks in a region have agreed since 1970,
+		don't bother to include more than one location
+		even if subregions' clocks disagreed before 1970.
+		Otherwise these tables would become annoyingly large.
+	If a name is ambiguous, use a less ambiguous alternative;
+		e.g. many cities are named San José and Georgetown, so
+		prefer 'Costa_Rica' to 'San_Jose' and 'Guyana' to 'Georgetown'.
+	Keep locations compact.  Use cities or small islands, not countries
+		or regions, so that any future time zone changes do not split
+		locations into different time zones.  E.g. prefer 'Paris'
+		to 'France', since France has had multiple time zones.
+	Use mainstream English spelling, e.g. prefer 'Rome' to 'Roma', and
+		prefer 'Athens' to the Greek 'Αθήνα' or the Romanized 'Athína'.
+		The POSIX file name restrictions encourage this rule.
+	Use the most populous among locations in a zone,
+		e.g. prefer 'Shanghai' to 'Beijing'.  Among locations with
+		similar populations, pick the best-known location,
+		e.g. prefer 'Rome' to 'Milan'.
+	Use the singular form, e.g. prefer 'Canary' to 'Canaries'.
+	Omit common suffixes like '_Islands' and '_City', unless that
+		would lead to ambiguity.  E.g. prefer 'Cayman' to
+		'Cayman_Islands' and 'Guatemala' to 'Guatemala_City',
+		but prefer 'Mexico_City' to 'Mexico' because the country
+		of Mexico has several time zones.
+	Use '_' to represent a space.
+	Omit '.' from abbreviations in names, e.g. prefer 'St_Helena'
+		to 'St._Helena'.
+	Do not change established names if they only marginally
+		violate the above rules.  For example, don't change
+		the existing name 'Rome' to 'Milan' merely because
+		Milan's population has grown to be somewhat greater
+		than Rome's.
+	If a name is changed, put its old spelling in the 'backward' file.
+		This means old spellings will continue to work.
+
+The file 'zone1970.tab' lists geographical locations used to name time
+zone rules.  It is intended to be an exhaustive list of names for
+geographic regions as described above; this is a subset of the names
+in the data.  Although a 'zone1970.tab' location's longitude
+corresponds to its LMT offset with one hour for every 15 degrees east
+longitude, this relationship is not exact.
+
+Older versions of this package used a different naming scheme,
+and these older names are still supported.
+See the file 'backward' for most of these older names
+(e.g., 'US/Eastern' instead of 'America/New_York').
+The other old-fashioned names still supported are
+'WET', 'CET', 'MET', and 'EET' (see the file 'europe').
+
+Older versions of this package defined legacy names that are
+incompatible with the first rule of location names, but which are
+still supported.  These legacy names are mostly defined in the file
+'etcetera'.  Also, the file 'backward' defines the legacy names
+'GMT0', 'GMT-0', 'GMT+0' and 'Canada/East-Saskatchewan', and the file
+'northamerica' defines the legacy names 'EST5EDT', 'CST6CDT',
+'MST7MDT', and 'PST8PDT'.
+
+Excluding 'backward' should not affect the other data.  If
+'backward' is excluded, excluding 'etcetera' should not affect the
+remaining data.
+
+
+----- Time zone abbreviations -----
+
+When this package is installed, it generates time zone abbreviations
+like 'EST' to be compatible with human tradition and POSIX.
+Here are the general rules used for choosing time zone abbreviations,
+in decreasing order of importance:
+
+	Use three or more characters that are ASCII alphanumerics or '+' or '-'.
+		Previous editions of this database also used characters like
+		' ' and '?', but these characters have a special meaning to
+		the shell and cause commands like
+			set `date`
+		to have unexpected effects.
+		Previous editions of this rule required upper-case letters,
+		but the Congressman who introduced Chamorro Standard Time
+		preferred "ChST", so lower-case letters are now allowed.
+		Also, POSIX from 2001 on relaxed the rule to allow '-', '+',
+		and alphanumeric characters from the portable character set
+		in the current locale.  In practice ASCII alphanumerics and
+		'+' and '-' are safe in all locales.
+
+		In other words, in the C locale the POSIX extended regular
+		expression [-+[:alnum:]]{3,} should match the abbreviation.
+		This guarantees that all abbreviations could have been
+		specified by a POSIX TZ string.
+
+	Use abbreviations that are in common use among English-speakers,
+		e.g. 'EST' for Eastern Standard Time in North America.
+		We assume that applications translate them to other languages
+		as part of the normal localization process; for example,
+		a French application might translate 'EST' to 'HNE'.
+
+	For zones whose times are taken from a city's longitude, use the
+		traditional xMT notation, e.g. 'PMT' for Paris Mean Time.
+		The only name like this in current use is 'GMT'.
+
+	Use 'LMT' for local mean time of locations before the introduction
+		of standard time; see "Scope of the tz database".
+
+	If there is no common English abbreviation, use numeric offsets like
+		-05 and +0830 that are generated by zic's %z notation.
+
+    [The remaining guidelines predate the introduction of %z.
+    They are problematic as they mean tz data entries invent
+    notation rather than record it.  These guidelines are now
+    deprecated and the plan is to gradually move to %z for
+    inhabited locations and to "-00" for uninhabited locations.]
+
+	If there is no common English abbreviation, abbreviate the English
+		translation of the usual phrase used by native speakers.
+		If this is not available or is a phrase mentioning the country
+		(e.g. "Cape Verde Time"), then:
+
+		When a country is identified with a single or principal zone,
+			append 'T' to the country's ISO	code, e.g. 'CVT' for
+			Cape Verde Time.  For summer time append 'ST';
+			for double summer time append 'DST'; etc.
+		Otherwise, take the first three letters of an English place
+			name identifying each zone and append 'T', 'ST', etc.
+			as before; e.g. 'VLAST' for VLAdivostok Summer Time.
+
+	Use UT (with time zone abbreviation '-00') for locations while
+		uninhabited.  The leading '-' is a flag that the time
+		zone is in some sense undefined; this notation is
+		derived from Internet RFC 3339.
+
+Application writers should note that these abbreviations are ambiguous
+in practice: e.g. 'CST' has a different meaning in China than
+it does in the United States.  In new applications, it's often better
+to use numeric UT offsets like '-0600' instead of time zone
+abbreviations like 'CST'; this avoids the ambiguity.
+
+
+----- Accuracy of the tz database -----
+
+The tz database is not authoritative, and it surely has errors.
+Corrections are welcome and encouraged; see the file CONTRIBUTING.
+Users requiring authoritative data should consult national standards
+bodies and the references cited in the database's comments.
+
+Errors in the tz database arise from many sources:
+
+ * The tz database predicts future time stamps, and current predictions
+   will be incorrect after future governments change the rules.
+   For example, if today someone schedules a meeting for 13:00 next
+   October 1, Casablanca time, and tomorrow Morocco changes its
+   daylight saving rules, software can mess up after the rule change
+   if it blithely relies on conversions made before the change.
+
+ * The pre-1970 entries in this database cover only a tiny sliver of how
+   clocks actually behaved; the vast majority of the necessary
+   information was lost or never recorded.  Thousands more zones would
+   be needed if the tz database's scope were extended to cover even
+   just the known or guessed history of standard time; for example,
+   the current single entry for France would need to split into dozens
+   of entries, perhaps hundreds.  And in most of the world even this
+   approach would be misleading due to widespread disagreement or
+   indifference about what times should be observed.  In her 2015 book
+   "The Global Transformation of Time, 1870-1950", Vanessa Ogle writes
+   "Outside of Europe and North America there was no system of time
+   zones at all, often not even a stable landscape of mean times,
+   prior to the middle decades of the twentieth century".  See:
+   Timothy Shenk, Booked: A Global History of Time. Dissent 2015-12-17
+   https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/booked-a-global-history-of-time-vanessa-ogle
+
+ * Most of the pre-1970 data entries come from unreliable sources, often
+   astrology books that lack citations and whose compilers evidently
+   invented entries when the true facts were unknown, without
+   reporting which entries were known and which were invented.
+   These books often contradict each other or give implausible entries,
+   and on the rare occasions when they are checked they are
+   typically found to be incorrect.
+
+ * For the UK the tz database relies on years of first-class work done by
+   Joseph Myers and others; see .
+   Other countries are not done nearly as well.
+
+ * Sometimes, different people in the same city would maintain clocks
+   that differed significantly.  Railway time was used by railroad
+   companies (which did not always agree with each other),
+   church-clock time was used for birth certificates, etc.
+   Often this was merely common practice, but sometimes it was set by law.
+   For example, from 1891 to 1911 the UT offset in France was legally
+   0:09:21 outside train stations and 0:04:21 inside.
+
+ * Although a named location in the tz database stands for the
+   containing region, its pre-1970 data entries are often accurate for
+   only a small subset of that region.  For example, Europe/London
+   stands for the United Kingdom, but its pre-1847 times are valid
+   only for locations that have London's exact meridian, and its 1847
+   transition to GMT is known to be valid only for the L&NW and the
+   Caledonian railways.
+
+ * The tz database does not record the earliest time for which a zone's
+   data entries are thereafter valid for every location in the region.
+   For example, Europe/London is valid for all locations in its
+   region after GMT was made the standard time, but the date of
+   standardization (1880-08-02) is not in the tz database, other than
+   in commentary.  For many zones the earliest time of validity is
+   unknown.
+
+ * The tz database does not record a region's boundaries, and in many
+   cases the boundaries are not known.  For example, the zone
+   America/Kentucky/Louisville represents a region around the city of
+   Louisville, the boundaries of which are unclear.
+
+ * Changes that are modeled as instantaneous transitions in the tz
+   database were often spread out over hours, days, or even decades.
+
+ * Even if the time is specified by law, locations sometimes
+   deliberately flout the law.
+
+ * Early timekeeping practices, even assuming perfect clocks, were
+   often not specified to the accuracy that the tz database requires.
+
+ * Sometimes historical timekeeping was specified more precisely
+   than what the tz database can handle.  For example, from 1909 to
+   1937 Netherlands clocks were legally UT +00:19:32.13, but the tz
+   database cannot represent the fractional second.
+
+ * Even when all the timestamp transitions recorded by the tz database
+   are correct, the tz rules that generate them may not faithfully
+   reflect the historical rules.  For example, from 1922 until World
+   War II the UK moved clocks forward the day following the third
+   Saturday in April unless that was Easter, in which case it moved
+   clocks forward the previous Sunday.  Because the tz database has no
+   way to specify Easter, these exceptional years are entered as
+   separate tz Rule lines, even though the legal rules did not change.
+
+ * The tz database models pre-standard time using the proleptic Gregorian
+   calendar and local mean time (LMT), but many people used other
+   calendars and other timescales.  For example, the Roman Empire used
+   the Julian calendar, and had 12 varying-length daytime hours with a
+   non-hour-based system at night.
+
+ * Early clocks were less reliable, and data entries do not represent
+   this unreliability.
+
+ * As for leap seconds, civil time was not based on atomic time before
+   1972, and we don't know the history of earth's rotation accurately
+   enough to map SI seconds to historical solar time to more than
+   about one-hour accuracy.  See: Morrison LV, Stephenson FR.
+   Historical values of the Earth's clock error Delta T and the
+   calculation of eclipses. J Hist Astron. 2004;35:327-36
+   ;
+   Historical values of the Earth's clock error. J Hist Astron. 2005;36:339
+   .
+
+ * The relationship between POSIX time (that is, UTC but ignoring leap
+   seconds) and UTC is not agreed upon after 1972.  Although the POSIX
+   clock officially stops during an inserted leap second, at least one
+   proposed standard has it jumping back a second instead; and in
+   practice POSIX clocks more typically either progress glacially during
+   a leap second, or are slightly slowed while near a leap second.
+
+ * The tz database does not represent how uncertain its information is.
+   Ideally it would contain information about when data entries are
+   incomplete or dicey.  Partial temporal knowledge is a field of
+   active research, though, and it's not clear how to apply it here.
+
+In short, many, perhaps most, of the tz database's pre-1970 and future
+time stamps are either wrong or misleading.  Any attempt to pass the
+tz database off as the definition of time should be unacceptable to
+anybody who cares about the facts.  In particular, the tz database's
+LMT offsets should not be considered meaningful, and should not prompt
+creation of zones merely because two locations differ in LMT or
+transitioned to standard time at different dates.
+
+
+----- Time and date functions -----
+
+The tz code contains time and date functions that are upwards
+compatible with those of POSIX.
+
+POSIX has the following properties and limitations.
+
+*	In POSIX, time display in a process is controlled by the
+	environment variable TZ.  Unfortunately, the POSIX TZ string takes
+	a form that is hard to describe and is error-prone in practice.
+	Also, POSIX TZ strings can't deal with other (for example, Israeli)
+	daylight saving time rules, or situations where more than two
+	time zone abbreviations are used in an area.
+
+	The POSIX TZ string takes the following form:
+
+		stdoffset[dst[offset][,date[/time],date[/time]]]
+
+	where:
+
+	std and dst
+		are 3 or more characters specifying the standard
+		and daylight saving time (DST) zone names.
+		Starting with POSIX.1-2001, std and dst may also be
+		in a quoted form like ""; this allows
+		"+" and "-" in the names.
+	offset
+		is of the form '[+-]hh:[mm[:ss]]' and specifies the
+		offset west of UT.  'hh' may be a single digit; 0<=hh<=24.
+		The default DST offset is one hour ahead of standard time.
+	date[/time],date[/time]
+		specifies the beginning and end of DST.  If this is absent,
+		the system supplies its own rules for DST, and these can
+		differ from year to year; typically US DST rules are used.
+	time
+		takes the form 'hh:[mm[:ss]]' and defaults to 02:00.
+		This is the same format as the offset, except that a
+		leading '+' or '-' is not allowed.
+	date
+		takes one of the following forms:
+		Jn (1<=n<=365)
+			origin-1 day number not counting February 29
+		n (0<=n<=365)
+			origin-0 day number counting February 29 if present
+		Mm.n.d (0[Sunday]<=d<=6[Saturday], 1<=n<=5, 1<=m<=12)
+			for the dth day of week n of month m of the year,
+			where week 1 is the first week in which day d appears,
+			and '5' stands for the last week in which day d appears
+			(which may be either the 4th or 5th week).
+			Typically, this is the only useful form;
+			the n and Jn forms are rarely used.
+
+	Here is an example POSIX TZ string, for US Pacific time using rules
+	appropriate from 1987 through 2006:
+
+		TZ='PST8PDT,M4.1.0/02:00,M10.5.0/02:00'
+
+	This POSIX TZ string is hard to remember, and mishandles time stamps
+	before 1987 and after 2006.  With this package you can use this
+	instead:
+
+		TZ='America/Los_Angeles'
+
+*	POSIX does not define the exact meaning of TZ values like "EST5EDT".
+	Typically the current US DST rules are used to interpret such values,
+	but this means that the US DST rules are compiled into each program
+	that does time conversion.  This means that when US time conversion
+	rules change (as in the United States in 1987), all programs that
+	do time conversion must be recompiled to ensure proper results.
+
+*	The TZ environment variable is process-global, which makes it hard
+	to write efficient, thread-safe applications that need access
+	to multiple time zones.
+
+*	In POSIX, there's no tamper-proof way for a process to learn the
+	system's best idea of local wall clock.  (This is important for
+	applications that an administrator wants used only at certain times -
+	without regard to whether the user has fiddled the "TZ" environment
+	variable.  While an administrator can "do everything in UTC" to get
+	around the problem, doing so is inconvenient and precludes handling
+	daylight saving time shifts - as might be required to limit phone
+	calls to off-peak hours.)
+
+*	POSIX provides no convenient and efficient way to determine the UT
+	offset and time zone abbreviation of arbitrary time stamps,
+	particularly for time zone settings that do not fit into the
+	POSIX model.
+
+*	POSIX requires that systems ignore leap seconds.
+
+*	The tz code attempts to support all the time_t implementations
+	allowed by POSIX.  The time_t type represents a nonnegative count of
+	seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, ignoring leap seconds.
+	In practice, time_t is usually a signed 64- or 32-bit integer; 32-bit
+	signed time_t values stop working after 2038-01-19 03:14:07 UTC, so
+	new implementations these days typically use a signed 64-bit integer.
+	Unsigned 32-bit integers are used on one or two platforms,
+	and 36-bit and 40-bit integers are also used occasionally.
+	Although earlier POSIX versions allowed time_t to be a
+	floating-point type, this was not supported by any practical
+	systems, and POSIX.1-2013 and the tz code both require time_t
+	to be an integer type.
+
+These are the extensions that have been made to the POSIX functions:
+
+*	The "TZ" environment variable is used in generating the name of a file
+	from which time zone information is read (or is interpreted a la
+	POSIX); "TZ" is no longer constrained to be a three-letter time zone
+	name followed by a number of hours and an optional three-letter
+	daylight time zone name.  The daylight saving time rules to be used
+	for a particular time zone are encoded in the time zone file;
+	the format of the file allows U.S., Australian, and other rules to be
+	encoded, and allows for situations where more than two time zone
+	abbreviations are used.
+
+	It was recognized that allowing the "TZ" environment variable to
+	take on values such as "America/New_York" might cause "old" programs
+	(that expect "TZ" to have a certain form) to operate incorrectly;
+	consideration was given to using some other environment variable
+	(for example, "TIMEZONE") to hold the string used to generate the
+	time zone information file name.  In the end, however, it was decided
+	to continue using "TZ": it is widely used for time zone purposes;
+	separately maintaining both "TZ" and "TIMEZONE" seemed a nuisance;
+	and systems where "new" forms of "TZ" might cause problems can simply
+	use TZ values such as "EST5EDT" which can be used both by
+	"new" programs (a la POSIX) and "old" programs (as zone names and
+	offsets).
+
+*	The code supports platforms with a UT offset member in struct tm,
+	e.g., tm_gmtoff.
+
+*	The code supports platforms with a time zone abbreviation member in
+	struct tm, e.g., tm_zone.
+
+*	Since the "TZ" environment variable can now be used to control time
+	conversion, the "daylight" and "timezone" variables are no longer
+	needed.  (These variables are defined and set by "tzset"; however, their
+	values will not be used by "localtime.")
+
+*	Functions tzalloc, tzfree, localtime_rz, and mktime_z for
+	more-efficient thread-safe applications that need to use
+	multiple time zones.  The tzalloc and tzfree functions
+	allocate and free objects of type timezone_t, and localtime_rz
+	and mktime_z are like localtime_r and mktime with an extra
+	timezone_t argument.  The functions were inspired by NetBSD.
+
+*	A function "tzsetwall" has been added to arrange for the system's
+	best approximation to local wall clock time to be delivered by
+	subsequent calls to "localtime."  Source code for portable
+	applications that "must" run on local wall clock time should call
+	"tzsetwall();" if such code is moved to "old" systems that don't
+	provide tzsetwall, you won't be able to generate an executable program.
+	(These time zone functions also arrange for local wall clock time to be
+	used if tzset is called - directly or indirectly - and there's no "TZ"
+	environment variable; portable applications should not, however, rely
+	on this behavior since it's not the way SVR2 systems behave.)
+
+*	Negative time_t values are supported, on systems where time_t is signed.
+
+*	These functions can account for leap seconds, thanks to Bradley White.
+
+Points of interest to folks with other systems:
+
+*	Code compatible with this package is already part of many platforms,
+	including GNU/Linux, Android, the BSDs, Chromium OS, Cygwin, AIX, iOS,
+	BlackBery 10, macOS, Microsoft Windows, OpenVMS, and Solaris.
+	On such hosts, the primary use of this package
+	is to update obsolete time zone rule tables.
+	To do this, you may need to compile the time zone compiler
+	'zic' supplied with this package instead of using the system 'zic',
+	since the format of zic's input is occasionally extended,
+	and a platform may still be shipping an older zic.
+
+*	The UNIX Version 7 "timezone" function is not present in this package;
+	it's impossible to reliably map timezone's arguments (a "minutes west
+	of GMT" value and a "daylight saving time in effect" flag) to a
+	time zone abbreviation, and we refuse to guess.
+	Programs that in the past used the timezone function may now examine
+	tzname[localtime(&clock)->tm_isdst] to learn the correct time
+	zone abbreviation to use.  Alternatively, use
+	localtime(&clock)->tm_zone if this has been enabled.
+
+*	The 4.2BSD gettimeofday function is not used in this package.
+	This formerly let users obtain the current UTC offset and DST flag,
+	but this functionality was removed in later versions of BSD.
+
+*	In SVR2, time conversion fails for near-minimum or near-maximum
+	time_t values when doing conversions for places that don't use UT.
+	This package takes care to do these conversions correctly.
+	A comment in the source code tells how to get compatibly wrong
+	results.
+
+The functions that are conditionally compiled if STD_INSPIRED is defined
+should, at this point, be looked on primarily as food for thought.  They are
+not in any sense "standard compatible" - some are not, in fact, specified in
+*any* standard.  They do, however, represent responses of various authors to
+standardization proposals.
+
+Other time conversion proposals, in particular the one developed by folks at
+Hewlett Packard, offer a wider selection of functions that provide capabilities
+beyond those provided here.  The absence of such functions from this package
+is not meant to discourage the development, standardization, or use of such
+functions.  Rather, their absence reflects the decision to make this package
+contain valid extensions to POSIX, to ensure its broad acceptability.  If
+more powerful time conversion functions can be standardized, so much the
+better.
+
+
+----- Interface stability -----
+
+The tz code and data supply the following interfaces:
+
+ * A set of zone names as per "Names of time zone rules" above.
+
+ * Library functions described in "Time and date functions" above.
+
+ * The programs tzselect, zdump, and zic, documented in their man pages.
+
+ * The format of zic input files, documented in the zic man page.
+
+ * The format of zic output files, documented in the tzfile man page.
+
+ * The format of zone table files, documented in zone1970.tab.
+
+ * The format of the country code file, documented in iso3166.tab.
+
+When these interfaces are changed, an effort is made to preserve
+backward compatibility.  For example, tz data files typically do not
+rely on recently-added zic features, so that users can run older zic
+versions to process newer data files.
+
+Interfaces not listed above are less stable.  For example, users
+should not rely on particular UT offsets or abbreviations for time
+stamps, as data entries are often based on guesswork and these guesses
+may be corrected or improved.
+
+
+----- Calendrical issues -----
+
+Calendrical issues are a bit out of scope for a time zone database,
+but they indicate the sort of problems that we would run into if we
+extended the time zone database further into the past.  An excellent
+resource in this area is Nachum Dershowitz and Edward M. Reingold,
+Calendrical Calculations: Third Edition, Cambridge University Press (2008)
+.
+Other information and sources are given below.  They sometimes disagree.
+
+
+France
+
+Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
+French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31,
+and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23.
+
+
+Russia
+
+From Chris Carrier (1996-12-02):
+On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an "Eternal Calendar"
+with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week.
+On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the
+Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it
+reverted to the 7-day week.  With the 6-day week the usual days
+off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month.
+(Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_)
+
+
+Mark Brader reported a similar story in "The Book of Calendars", edited
+by Frank Parise (1982, Facts on File, ISBN 0-8719-6467-8), page 377.  But:
+
+From: Petteri Sulonen (via Usenet)
+Date: 14 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT
+...
+
+If your source is correct, how come documents between 1929 and 1940 were
+still dated using the conventional, Gregorian calendar?
+
+I can post a scan of a document dated December 1, 1934, signed by
+Yenukidze, the secretary, on behalf of Kalinin, the President of the
+Executive Committee of the Supreme Soviet, if you like.
+
+
+
+Sweden (and Finland)
+
+From: Mark Brader
+Subject: Re: Gregorian reform - a part of locale?
+
+Date: 1996-07-06
+
+In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian.  Sweden
+decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
+those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
+year after 1696 would be in 1744 - putting the whole country on a calendar
+different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
+
+However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;
+they did, after all, have a leap year that year.  And one in 1708.  In 1712
+they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that
+year!...
+
+Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
+getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
+
+(A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
+produced the following references to support it: "Tideräkning och historia"
+by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tideräkning och
+kalenderväsen" by Lars-Olof Lodén (1968).
+
+
+Grotefend's data
+
+From: "Michael Palmer" [with one obvious typo fixed]
+Subject: Re: Gregorian Calendar (was Re: Another FHC related question
+Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.german
+Date: Tue, 9 Feb 1999 02:32:48 -800
+...
+
+The following is a(n incomplete) listing, arranged chronologically, of
+European states, with the date they converted from the Julian to the
+Gregorian calendar:
+
+04/15 Oct 1582 - Italy (with exceptions), Spain, Portugal, Poland (Roman
+                 Catholics and Danzig only)
+09/20 Dec 1582 - France, Lorraine
+
+21 Dec 1582/
+   01 Jan 1583 - Holland, Brabant, Flanders, Hennegau
+10/21 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Liege (Lüttich)
+13/24 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Augsburg
+04/15 Oct 1583 - electorate of Trier
+05/16 Oct 1583 - Bavaria, bishoprics of Freising, Eichstedt, Regensburg,
+                 Salzburg, Brixen
+13/24 Oct 1583 - Austrian Oberelsaß and Breisgau
+20/31 Oct 1583 - bishopric of Basel
+02/13 Nov 1583 - duchy of Jülich-Berg
+02/13 Nov 1583 - electorate and city of Köln
+04/15 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Würzburg
+11/22 Nov 1583 - electorate of Mainz
+16/27 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Strassburg and the margraviate of Baden
+17/28 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Münster and duchy of Cleve
+14/25 Dec 1583 - Steiermark
+
+06/17 Jan 1584 - Austria and Bohemia
+11/22 Jan 1584 - Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Zug, Freiburg, Solothurn
+12/23 Jan 1584 - Silesia and the Lausitz
+22 Jan/
+   02 Feb 1584 - Hungary (legally on 21 Oct 1587)
+      Jun 1584 - Unterwalden
+01/12 Jul 1584 - duchy of Westfalen
+
+16/27 Jun 1585 - bishopric of Paderborn
+
+14/25 Dec 1590 - Transylvania
+
+22 Aug/
+   02 Sep 1612 - duchy of Prussia
+
+13/24 Dec 1614 - Pfalz-Neuburg
+
+          1617 - duchy of Kurland (reverted to the Julian calendar in
+                 1796)
+
+          1624 - bishopric of Osnabrück
+
+          1630 - bishopric of Minden
+
+15/26 Mar 1631 - bishopric of Hildesheim
+
+          1655 - Kanton Wallis
+
+05/16 Feb 1682 - city of Strassburg
+
+18 Feb/
+   01 Mar 1700 - Protestant Germany (including Swedish possessions in
+                 Germany), Denmark, Norway
+30 Jun/
+   12 Jul 1700 - Gelderland, Zutphen
+10 Nov/
+   12 Dec 1700 - Utrecht, Overijssel
+
+31 Dec 1700/
+   12 Jan 1701 - Friesland, Groningen, Zürich, Bern, Basel, Geneva,
+                 Turgau, and Schaffhausen
+
+          1724 - Glarus, Appenzell, and the city of St. Gallen
+
+01 Jan 1750    - Pisa and Florence
+
+02/14 Sep 1752 - Great Britain
+
+17 Feb/
+   01 Mar 1753 - Sweden
+
+1760-1812      - Graubünden
+
+The Russian empire (including Finland and the Baltic states) did not
+convert to the Gregorian calendar until the Soviet revolution of 1917.
+
+Source: H. Grotefend, _Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen
+Mittelalters und der Neuzeit_, herausgegeben von Dr. O. Grotefend
+(Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1941), pp. 26-28.
+
+
+----- Time and time zones on Mars -----
+
+Some people's work schedules use Mars time.  Jet Propulsion Laboratory
+(JPL) coordinators have kept Mars time on and off at least since 1997
+for the Mars Pathfinder mission.  Some of their family members have
+also adapted to Mars time.  Dozens of special Mars watches were built
+for JPL workers who kept Mars time during the Mars Exploration
+Rovers mission (2004).  These timepieces look like normal Seikos and
+Citizens but use Mars seconds rather than terrestrial seconds.
+
+A Mars solar day is called a "sol" and has a mean period equal to
+about 24 hours 39 minutes 35.244 seconds in terrestrial time.  It is
+divided into a conventional 24-hour clock, so each Mars second equals
+about 1.02749125 terrestrial seconds.
+
+The prime meridian of Mars goes through the center of the crater
+Airy-0, named in honor of the British astronomer who built the
+Greenwich telescope that defines Earth's prime meridian.  Mean solar
+time on the Mars prime meridian is called Mars Coordinated Time (MTC).
+
+Each landed mission on Mars has adopted a different reference for
+solar time keeping, so there is no real standard for Mars time zones.
+For example, the Mars Exploration Rover project (2004) defined two
+time zones "Local Solar Time A" and "Local Solar Time B" for its two
+missions, each zone designed so that its time equals local true solar
+time at approximately the middle of the nominal mission.  Such a "time
+zone" is not particularly suited for any application other than the
+mission itself.
+
+Many calendars have been proposed for Mars, but none have achieved
+wide acceptance.  Astronomers often use Mars Sol Date (MSD) which is a
+sequential count of Mars solar days elapsed since about 1873-12-29
+12:00 GMT.
+
+The tz database does not currently support Mars time, but it is
+documented here in the hopes that support will be added eventually.
+
+Sources:
+
+Michael Allison and Robert Schmunk,
+"Technical Notes on Mars Solar Time as Adopted by the Mars24 Sunclock"
+ (2012-08-08).
+
+Jia-Rui Chong, "Workdays Fit for a Martian", Los Angeles Times
+
+(2004-01-14), pp A1, A20-A21.
+
+Tom Chmielewski, "Jet Lag Is Worse on Mars", The Atlantic (2015-02-26)
+
+
+-----
+
+This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by
+Arthur David Olson.
+
+-----
+Local Variables:
+coding: utf-8
+End:
Index: vendor/tzdata/dist/antarctica
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/dist/antarctica	(revision 308264)
+++ vendor/tzdata/dist/antarctica	(revision 308265)
@@ -1,334 +1,339 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
 # http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/
 # and
 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
 # http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm
 # for information.
 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
 
 # FORMAT is '-00' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
 
 # Argentina - year-round bases
 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
 # Carlini, Potter Cove, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
 # Esperanza, Hope Bay, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
 # Marambio, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
 # San Martín, Barry I, -6808-06706, since 1951-03-21
 #	(except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
 
 # Australia - territories
 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
 #	previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
 #	Margaret Turner reports
 #	http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html
 #	(1999-09-30) that they're UT +05, with no DST;
 #	presumably this is when they have visitors.
 #
 # year-round bases
 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
 #	(except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):
 # Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:
 # Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11
 # Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5
 # Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5
 # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
 #
 # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
 # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
 #
 # We have more background information here:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ...
 #
 # - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.
 # The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but
 # has not been decided yet.
 #
 # - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010
 # 20:00 UTC.
 #
 # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
 #
 # Background:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-10-28):
+# Australian Antarctica Division informed us that Casey changed time
+# zone to UTC+11 in "the morning of 22nd October 2016".
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Casey	0	-	-00	1969
 			8:00	-	+08	2009 Oct 18  2:00
 			11:00	-	+11	2010 Mar  5  2:00
 			8:00	-	+08	2011 Oct 28  2:00
 			11:00	-	+11	2012 Feb 21 17:00u
-			8:00	-	+08
+			8:00	-	+08	2016 Oct 22
+			11:00	-	+11
 Zone Antarctica/Davis	0	-	-00	1957 Jan 13
 			7:00	-	+07	1964 Nov
 			0	-	-00	1969 Feb
 			7:00	-	+07	2009 Oct 18  2:00
 			5:00	-	+05	2010 Mar 10 20:00u
 			7:00	-	+07	2011 Oct 28  2:00
 			5:00	-	+05	2012 Feb 21 20:00u
 			7:00	-	+07
 Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	-00	1954 Feb 13
 			6:00	-	+06	2009 Oct 18  2:00
 			5:00	-	+05
 # References:
 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
 # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html
 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
 # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html
 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
 # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html
 
 # Belgium - year-round base
 # Princess Elisabeth, Queen Maud Land, -713412+0231200, since 2007
 
 # Brazil - year-round base
 # Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
 
 # Bulgaria - year-round base
 # St. Kliment Ohridski, Livingston Island, -623829-0602153, since 1988
 
 # Chile - year-round bases and towns
 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
 # Frei Montalva, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
 # O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
 # Prat, -6230-05941
 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
 
 # China - year-round bases
 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
 
 # France - year-round bases (also see "France & Italy")
 #
 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
 # Time data entries are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adélie bases
 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adélie supplies came
 # from Tasmania.
 #
 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
 #
 # Alfred Faure, Possession Island, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964;
 #	sealing & whaling stations operated variously 1802/1911+;
 #	see Indian/Reunion.
 #
 # Martin-de-Viviès, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
 # Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
 #	whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
 #
 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
 #	fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	-00	1950 # Port-aux-Français
 			5:00	-	+05
 #
 # year-round base in the main continent
 # Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
 #  (2005-12-05)
 #
 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	-00	1947
 			10:00	-	+10	1952 Jan 14
 			0	-	-00	1956 Nov
 			10:00	-	+10
 
 # France & Italy - year-round base
 # Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005
 
 # Germany - year-round base
 # Neumayer III, -704080-0081602, since 2009
 
 # India - year-round bases
 # Bharati, -692428+0761114, since 2012
 # Maitri, -704558+0114356, since 1989
 
 # Italy - year-round base (also see "France & Italy")
 # Zuchelli, Terra Nova Bay, -744140+1640647, since 1986
 
 # Japan - year-round bases
 # Syowa (also known as Showa), -690022+0393524, since 1957
 #
 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
 #
 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
 # was established on 1957-01-29.  Since Syowa station is still the main
 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	-00	1957 Jan 29
 			3:00	-	+03
 # See:
 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
 # http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html
 
 # S Korea - year-round base
 # Jang Bogo, Terra Nova Bay, -743700+1641205 since 2014
 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
 
 # New Zealand - claims
 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
 # Scott Island (never inhabited)
 #
 # year-round base
 # Scott Base, Ross Island, since 1957-01.
 # See Pacific/Auckland.
 
 # Norway - territories
 # Bouvet (never inhabited)
 #
 # claims
 # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
 #
 # year-round base
 # Troll, Queen Maud Land, -720041+0023206, since 2005-02-12
 #
 # From Paul-Inge Flakstad (2014-03-10):
 # I recently had a long dialog about this with the developer of timegenie.com.
 # In the absence of specific dates, he decided to choose some likely ones:
 #   GMT +1 - From March 1 to the last Sunday in March
 #   GMT +2 - From the last Sunday in March until the last Sunday in October
 #   GMT +1 - From the last Sunday in October until November 7
 #   GMT +0 - From November 7 until March 1
 # The dates for switching to and from UTC+0 will probably not be absolutely
 # correct, but they should be quite close to the actual dates.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-21):
 # The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tz 2014b or later, so as
 # suggested by Bengt-Inge Larsson comment them out for now, and approximate
 # with only UTC and CEST.  Uncomment them when 2014b is more prevalent.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 #Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	 1	1:00u	1:00	+01
 Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	2:00	+02
 #Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	1:00	+01
 #Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Nov	 7	1:00u	0:00	+00
 # Remove the following line when uncommenting the above '#Rule' lines.
 Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	0:00	+00
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	-00	2005 Feb 12
 			0:00	Troll	%s
 
 # Poland - year-round base
 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
 
 # Romania - year-bound base
 # Law-Racoviță, Larsemann Hills, -692319+0762251, since 1986
 
 # Russia - year-round bases
 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
 #	year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
 #	year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
 
 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
 # http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
 # time as Moscow, Russia.
 #
 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
 # what they had to say about time there:
 # "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
 # in person.  He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
 # solar noon.  So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
 # happened to be during their visit.  So we still don't really know what time
 # it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess +06.
 #
 Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	-00	1957 Dec 16
 			6:00	-	+06
 
 # S Africa - year-round bases
 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
 # SANAE IV, Vesleskarvet, Queen Maud Land, -714022-0025026, since 1997
 
 # Ukraine - year-round base
 # Vernadsky (formerly Faraday), Galindez Island, -651445-0641526, since 1954
 
 # United Kingdom
 #
 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
 # South Orkney Islands
 #	scientific station from 1903
 #	whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
 # South Shetland Islands
 #
 # year-round bases
 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
 #	scientific station 1943/1967,
 #	previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
 #	and a garrison was deployed briefly
 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
 #	Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
 #	so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
 #  says Rothera is -03 all year.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Rothera	0	-	-00	1976 Dec  1
 			-3:00	-	-03
 
 # Uruguay - year round base
 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
 
 # USA - year-round bases
 #
 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
 # See 'southamerica' for Antarctica/Palmer, since it uses South American DST.
 #
 # McMurdo Station, Ross Island, since 1955-12
 # Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
 #
 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
 # at that time (1957).  (Source: Siple's book 90 Degrees South.)
 #
 # From Susan Smith
 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
 # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
 # One last quirk about South Pole time.
 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
 # makes all of the clocks run fast.  So every couple of days,
 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
 #
 # See 'australasia' for Antarctica/McMurdo.
Index: vendor/tzdata/dist/asia
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/dist/asia	(revision 308264)
+++ vendor/tzdata/dist/asia	(revision 308265)
@@ -1,3054 +1,3067 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
 #
 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #	     std  dst
 #	     LMT	Local Mean Time
 #	2:00 EET  EEST	Eastern European Time
 #	2:00 IST  IDT	Israel
 #	3:00 AST  ADT	Arabia*
 #	3:30 IRST IRDT	Iran*
 #	4:00 GST	Gulf*
 #	5:30 IST	India
 #	7:00 ICT	Indochina, most times and locations*
 #	7:00 WIB	west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
 #	8:00 WITA	central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
 #	8:00 CST	China
 #	8:00 IDT	Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)*
 #	8:00 JWST	Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
 #	8:30 KST  KDT	Korea when at +0830*
 #	9:00 JCST	Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
 #	9:00 WIT	east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
 #	9:00 JST  JDT	Japan
 #	9:00 KST  KDT	Korea when at +09
 #	9:30 ACST	Australian Central Standard Time
 #
 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
 
 # From Guy Harris:
 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
 # Worldwide Edition).  The names for time zones are guesses.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	EUAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	EUAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule	EUAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule E-EurAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule E-EurAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule E-EurAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1983	-	Oct	1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule RussiaAsia	1984	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule RussiaAsia	1985	2011	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule RussiaAsia	1996	2011	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 
 # Afghanistan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
 			4:00	-	AFT	1945
 			4:30	-	AFT
 
 # Armenia
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
 # readopting Russian DST in 1997.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
 # when they disagree with others.  Edgar Der-Danieliantz
 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995.  IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
 #
 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
 # or
 # (brief)
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
 			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	1995 Sep 24  2:00s
 			4:00	-	+04	1997
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05
 
 # Azerbaijan
 
 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
 # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
 # ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
 # daylight saving time....
 # http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
 # http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
 # http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Azer	1997	2015	-	Mar	lastSun	 4:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Azer	1997	2015	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
 			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	1992 Sep lastSun  2:00s
 			4:00	-	+04	1996
 			4:00	EUAsia	+04/+05	1997
 			4:00	Azer	+04/+05
 
 # Bahrain
 # See Asia/Qatar.
 
 # Bangladesh
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
 #
 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
 #
 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
 # June
 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
 # crippling power crisis. "
 #
 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
 #
 # Some sources:
 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
 #
 # Our wrap-up:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
 
 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
 #
 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
 #
 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
 # "continue for an indefinite period."
 #
 # One of many places where it is published:
 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
 #
 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
 #
 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
 # Minister's Office last night..."
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Jun	19	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Dec	31	24:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dhaka	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
 			6:30	-	BURT	1951 Sep 30
 			6:00	-	DACT	1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
 			6:00	-	BDT	2009
 			6:00	Dhaka	BD%sT
 
 # Bhutan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
 			5:30	-	IST	1987 Oct
 			6:00	-	BTT	# Bhutan Time
 
 # British Indian Ocean Territory
 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00.  Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Chagos	4:49:40	-	LMT	1907
 			5:00	-	IOT	1996 # BIOT Time
 			6:00	-	IOT
 
 # Brunei
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
 			7:30	-	BNT	1933
 			8:00	-	BNT
 
 # Burma / Myanmar
 
 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Yangon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880        # or Rangoon
 			6:24:40	-	RMT	1920        # Rangoon Mean Time?
 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May    # Burma Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 May  3
 			6:30	-	MMT	# Myanmar Time
 
 # Cambodia
 # See Asia/Bangkok.
 
 
 # China
 
 # From Guy Harris:
 # People's Republic of China.  Yes, they really have only one time zone.
 
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # No they don't.  See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52.  Even though
 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region).  I don't know about DST for it.
 #
 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
 # painful to suck in another copy.  So, here is what I have for
 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
 #
 #     1986 May 4 - Sept 14
 #     1987 mid-April - ??
 
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # CHINA               8 H  AHEAD OF UTC  ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
 # CHINA               9 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 17 - SEP 10
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
 # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
 # this doesn't seem to be correct.  They also write that China observed summer
 # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
 # go with them for DST rules as follows:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Shang	1940	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Shang	1940	1941	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Shang	1941	only	-	Mar	16	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	PRC	1986	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	PRC	1986	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=11	0:00	0	S
 Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 
 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites.  And yes, there are official
 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
 #
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
 # boundaries summarized below]....  A few other exceptions were two
 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
 #
 # (1)
 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
 # officially apparent solar time!  However, Guo also says that the
 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
 # been taken over by the PRC yet.  It's plausible that apparent solar
 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
 # to use UT+8.  As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
 # could well have ignored any such mandate.
 #
 # (2)
 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
 # [undated and unknown publication location]
 # It says several things:
 #   * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
 #   * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
 #     the official calendar book of 1914.
 #   * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
 #     French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
 #     Observatory and set to local mean time.
 #   * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
 #   * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
 #     eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
 #     became used by railways as well.
 #   * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
 #     five time zones (see below for details).  This caught on
 #     at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
 #   * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7.  In practice
 #     this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
 #     Japanese-occupied territory.
 #   * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
 #   * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
 #     place (with some modifications) in March 1948.  It's not clear
 #     how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
 #   * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
 #
 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai."  Guess that the
 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
 #
 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
 #
 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
 #
 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
 # Asia/Shanghai
 # most of China
 # This currently represents most other zones as well,
 # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
 #
 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of the area) UT +07
 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
 #
 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
 # Asia/Urumqi
 # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
 # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
 # the Guangdong counties  Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
 #
 # Kunlun Time UT +05:30
 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
 # and Yarkand.
 
 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
 #
 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
 # hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
 #
 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
 #
 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
 # or 1991 when summer time was in use.  The confusion was severe, with
 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
 
 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
 #
 # 1. Wulumuqi...
 # 2. Kashi...
 # 3. Urumqi...
 # 4. Kashgar...
 # ...
 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
 #
 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
 # start date for Xinjiang time.
 #
 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
 
 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
 # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
 
 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
 # Cochrane.  Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
 # and Beijing Time.  There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other.  The only
 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
 # having the same time as Beijing.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
 # but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
 #
 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized.  E.g., see
 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
 #  (2014-04-22).
 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
 # quite a trick.  Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
 # UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
 # guess) as the transition from LMT.  Ignore the usage of +08 before
 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
 # +08 mandate back then.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
 Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:43	-	LMT	1901
 			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
 # / Wulumuqi.  (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
 Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928
 			6:00	-	XJT
 
 
 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
 
 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
 
 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
 # obtained from
 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
 # Here are the dates given at
 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
 # as of 2009-10-28:
 # Year        Period
 # 1941        1 Apr to 30 Sep
 # 1942        Whole year
 # 1943        Whole year
 # 1944        Whole year
 # 1945        Whole year
 # 1946        20 Apr to 1 Dec
 # 1947        13 Apr to 30 Dec
 # 1948        2 May to 31 Oct
 # 1949        3 Apr to 30 Oct
 # 1950        2 Apr to 29 Oct
 # 1951        1 Apr to 28 Oct
 # 1952        6 Apr to 25 Oct
 # 1953        5 Apr to 1 Nov
 # 1954        21 Mar to 31 Oct
 # 1955        20 Mar to 6 Nov
 # 1956        18 Mar to 4 Nov
 # 1957        24 Mar to 3 Nov
 # 1958        23 Mar to 2 Nov
 # 1959        22 Mar to 1 Nov
 # 1960        20 Mar to 6 Nov
 # 1961        19 Mar to 5 Nov
 # 1962        18 Mar to 4 Nov
 # 1963        24 Mar to 3 Nov
 # 1964        22 Mar to 1 Nov
 # 1965        18 Apr to 17 Oct
 # 1966        17 Apr to 16 Oct
 # 1967        16 Apr to 22 Oct
 # 1968        21 Apr to 20 Oct
 # 1969        20 Apr to 19 Oct
 # 1970        19 Apr to 18 Oct
 # 1971        18 Apr to 17 Oct
 # 1972        16 Apr to 22 Oct
 # 1973        22 Apr to 21 Oct
 # 1973/74     30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
 # 1975        20 Apr to 19 Oct
 # 1976        18 Apr to 17 Oct
 # 1977        Nil
 # 1978        Nil
 # 1979        13 May to 21 Oct
 # 1980 to Now Nil
 # The page does not give start or end times of day.
 # The page does not give a start date for 1942.
 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	HK	1941	only	-	Apr	1	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1941	only	-	Sep	30	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Apr	20	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Dec	1	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Apr	13	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1948	only	-	May	2	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1948	1951	-	Oct	lastSun	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1952	only	-	Oct	25	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1949	1953	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1953	only	-	Nov	1	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1954	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=18	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1954	only	-	Oct	31	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1955	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1965	1976	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1965	1976	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1973	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1979	only	-	May	Sun>=8	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1979	only	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:42 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
 			8:00	HK	HK%sT	1941 Dec 25
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 15
 			8:00	HK	HK%sT
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Taiwan
 
 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
 
 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
 # found on Wikisource:
 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
 # declared officially.
 #
 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
 # (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
 # be found on Wikisource:
 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
 #
 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
 
 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
 # back to UTC+8 after WW2.  I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945.  In a document
 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21.  And in another
 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time".  From these two
 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21.  And
 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
 # that:
 #
 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
 # the time at 135E (GMT+9)
 #
 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
 #
 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
 # Time.
 #
 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
 # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
 # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
 # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
 # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
 
 # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
 # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
 # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan.  It's Taiwan Governor-General
 # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
 # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
 # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
 # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21.  I think this bulletin is much more
 # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
 # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
 # would be a good one.
 # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
 # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
 
 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
 # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
 # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
 #
 # Original Bulletin:
 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
 #
 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
 #
 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
 #
 # Here is a brief translation:
 #
 #   The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
 #   midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
 #   adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
 #
 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
 # be found from historical government announcement database.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Taiwan	1946	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1946	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1947	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1947	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1948	1951	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1948	1951	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1952	only	-	Mar	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1952	1954	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1953	1959	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1955	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1960	1961	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
 Zone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896 Jan  1
 			8:00	-	JWST	1937 Oct  1
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 21  1:00
 			8:00	Taiwan	C%sT
 
 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Macau	1961	1962	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1961	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
 Rule	Macau	1963	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1964	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Oct	31	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
 Rule	Macau	1972	1974	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1972	1973	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Macau	1974	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=15	3:30	0	-
 Rule	Macau	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=15	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Macau	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
 			8:00	Macau	MO%sT	1999 Dec 20 # return to China
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Cyprus
-#
+
 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00.  Stick with LMT.
+# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
+# Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
+# lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
+# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
 #
+# From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
+# Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
+# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Apr	13	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Oct	12	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	Oct	11	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Cyprus	1977	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1978	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1979	1997	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1981	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Nicosia	2:13:28 -	LMT	1921 Nov 14
 			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
 			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT
-# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
+Zone	Asia/Famagusta	2:15:48	-	LMT	1921 Nov 14
+			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
+			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT	2016 Sep  8
+			3:00	-	+03
 
 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
 Link	Asia/Nicosia	Europe/Nicosia
 
 # Georgia
 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
 #
 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
 #
 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
 #
 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday...  The former Soviet
 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow.  As a result it
 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
 # ahead.  The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
 # of integration into Europe.
 
 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
 # about it.  As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
 
 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
 # Go with Byalokoz.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:11 -	LMT	1880
 			2:59:11	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
 			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
 			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04	1992
 			3:00 E-EurAsia	+03/+04	1994 Sep lastSun
 			4:00 E-EurAsia	+04/+05	1996 Oct lastSun
 			4:00	1:00	+05	1997 Mar lastSun
 			4:00 E-EurAsia	+04/+05	2004 Jun 27
 			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	2005 Mar lastSun  2:00
 			4:00	-	+04
 
 # East Timor
 
 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
 
 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
 #  (1999-12-26/31):
 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
 # conflicts with their way of life.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
 
 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
 # (2000-08-16):
 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour.  The time change,
 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
 			8:00	-	TLT	1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
 			9:00	-	TLT	1976 May  3
 			8:00	-	WITA	2000 Sep 17  0:00
 			9:00	-	TLT
 
 # India
 
 # From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
 # http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
 # (2015-12-22):
 # In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
 # outskirts of Bombay....  They were protesting the proposed abolition of
 # local time in favor of Indian Standard Time....  Journalists called this
 # dispute the "Battle of the Clocks."  It lasted nearly half a century.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880        # Kolkata
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
 			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
 			5:30	-	IST
 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
 #	Andaman Is
 #	Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
 #	Nicobar Is
 
 # Indonesia
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01.  Looking at some
 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
 # from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
 # (Hollandia).  For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
 # switched on 1945-09-23.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
 # when writing in English.  For example, see the English-language
 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
 # Indonesia,  (2006-09-29).
 # The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
 #
 # WIB  - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
 # WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
 # WIT  - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Java, Sumatra
 Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
 # but this must be a typo.
 			7:07:12	-	BMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
 			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov    # Java Time
 			7:30	-	WIB	1942 Mar 23
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
 			7:30	-	WIB	1948 May
 			8:00	-	WIB	1950 May
 			7:30	-	WIB	1964
 			7:00	-	WIB
 # west and central Borneo
 Zone Asia/Pontianak	7:17:20	-	LMT	1908 May
 			7:17:20	-	PMT	1932 Nov    # Pontianak MT
 			7:30	-	WIB	1942 Jan 29
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
 			7:30	-	WIB	1948 May
 			8:00	-	WIB	1950 May
 			7:30	-	WIB	1964
 			8:00	-	WITA	1988 Jan  1
 			7:00	-	WIB
 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
 Zone Asia/Makassar	7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
 			7:57:36	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar MT
 			8:00	-	WITA	1942 Feb  9
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
 			8:00	-	WITA
 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
 Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
 			9:00	-	WIT	1944 Sep  1
 			9:30	-	ACST	1964
 			9:00	-	WIT
 
 # Iran
 
 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
 #
 #	Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
 #	No. 16760/T233 H				1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
 #
 #	The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
 #
 #	The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
 #	based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
 #	of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
 #	and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
 #	and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
 #	for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
 #
 #	The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
 #	at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
 #	to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
 #	Shahrivar.
 #
 #	First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
 #
 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
 # for at least the last 5 years.  Before that, for a few years, the
 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
 #
 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
 # leap year calculation involved.  There has never been any serious
 # plan to change that law....
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
 # known exactly, amongst other factors.  2157 is even closer:
 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT.  But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
 # no interpretation problem whatsoever.  By the way, another instant
 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT.  The Java version of
 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
 #
 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
 # daylight saving time ...
 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
 #
 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
 # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Iran	1978	1980	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	1978	only	-	Oct	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	1979	only	-	Sep	19	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	1980	only	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	1991	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	1992	1995	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	1991	1995	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 #
 # The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
 # These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
 # restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
 # At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
 # possibly Iran will change the rules first.
 Rule	Iran	2036	max	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2036	max	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
 			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946     # Tehran Mean Time
 			3:30	-	IRST	1977 Nov
 			4:00	Iran	IR%sT	1979
 			3:30	Iran	IR%sT
 
 
 # Iraq
 #
 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
 #
 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time.  They referred
 # to daylight saving as Saddam time.  But, as of today, the time zone
 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
 #
 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
 # news sources (in Arabic):
 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
 #
 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Iraq	1982	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1982	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iraq	1983	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1984	1985	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
 Rule	Iraq	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	D
 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
 #
 Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Apr	 1	3:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
 			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918     # Baghdad Mean Time?
 			3:00	-	AST	1982 May
 			3:00	Iraq	A%sT
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Israel
 
 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
 #
 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988.  Until then there were three
 # different abbreviations in use:
 #
 # JST  Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
 # IZT  Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
 #
 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
 # I ruled out JST.  As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
 # EEST was equally unacceptable.  Since "zonal" was not compatible with
 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
 # settings in Israeli computers.
 #
 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
 # family is from India).
 
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1940	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1942	1944	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1943	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1944	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1946	only	-	Apr	16	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1946	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	May	23	0:00	2:00	DD
 Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1948	1949	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1949	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Sep	15	3:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Nov	11	3:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Apr	20	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Oct	19	3:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Apr	12	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Sep	13	3:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Jun	13	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Sep	12	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Jun	11	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Sep	11	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1956	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1956	only	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1957	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1957	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1974	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1974	only	-	Oct	13	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1975	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1975	only	-	Aug	31	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1985	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1985	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1986	only	-	May	18	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1986	only	-	Sep	 7	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
 
 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
 # ends and changes to Sunday.
 Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Sep	 4	0:00	0	S
 
 # From Ephraim Silverberg
 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
 # and 2005-02-17):
 
 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
 # days of daylight savings time annually.  From 1993-1998, the change to
 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
 # time.  1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year.  In 1999, the change to
 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
 # 1999 only.  In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST.  Starting in 2001, all
 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Mar	25	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Aug	26	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Mar	24	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Mar	29	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S
 
 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel.  The spokeswoman can be reached by
 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
 
 # Rule	NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Aug	28	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 
 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
 # time, Haim Ramon.  The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
 #
 #   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
 #
 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
 #
 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
 #
 #   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
 #
 #       where YYYY is the relevant year.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Sep	14	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Sep	 3	2:00	0	S
 
 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
 # years 2001-2004 as well.
 #
 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
 #
 #	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
 #
 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
 #
 #	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Oct	 6	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Apr	 9	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Sep	24	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Mar	29	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Oct	 7	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Mar	28	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Oct	 3	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Apr	 7	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Sep	22	1:00	0	S
 
 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
 #
 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
 #
 #	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
 #  (2005-02-20)
 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
 # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
 # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
 #
 # Rule	Zion	2005	2012	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
 #
 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
 # springtime transitions explicitly.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2006	2010	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2006	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2007	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2008	only	-	Oct	 5	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2009	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2010	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2012	only	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2012	only	-	Sep	23	2:00	0	S
 
 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
 # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the
 # Time Decree Law.  The next day, the changes passed the First Reading
 # in the Knesset.  The law is expected to pass the Second and Third
 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
 #
 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
 # in March.  DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	2013	max	-	Mar	Fri>=23	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2013	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:54 -	LMT	1880
 			2:20:40	-	JMT	1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT
 
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Japan
 
 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
 
 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
 # [1948-05-01]....  But lack of prior debate and the execution of
 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
 # deep hatred of the concept....  The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed.  (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
 # wanted to keep it.)
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Japan	1948	only	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Japan	1948	1951	-	Sep	Sat>=8	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Japan	1949	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases.  For now, assume
 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
 
 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
 # Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s),
 # 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
 
 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
 # which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
 # standard time".  And the same ordinance also established "western standard
 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E....  But "western standard
 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937).  In the ordinance No.
 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
 # standard....
 #
 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
 
 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
 #
 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
 			9:00	-	JST	1896 Jan  1
 			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
 			9:00	Japan	J%sT
 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
 
 # Jordan
 #
 # From 
 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
 # all year round.
 #
 # From 
 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
 # by one hour.  This is the latest government decision and it's final!
 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
 #
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
 #
 # Google's translation:
 #
 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
 # > of the month of March of each year.
 #
 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
 # until about the same time next year (at least).
 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
 # Official, in Arabic:
 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
 # ... Our background/permalink about it
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
 # ...
 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1973	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1974	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1976	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1977	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1986	1988	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1986	1990	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1989	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1990	only	-	Apr	27	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Apr	17	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1992	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1992	1993	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1993	1998	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1994	only	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1995	1998	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1999	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1999	2002	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2000	2001	-	Mar	lastThu	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	2002	2012	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	2003	only	-	Oct	24	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2004	only	-	Oct	15	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2005	only	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2006	2011	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2013	only	-	Dec	20	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2014	max	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	2014	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
 
 
 # Kazakhstan
 
 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
 #  (2005-03-21):
 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
 #
 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
 # was "blended" with the Central zone.  Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour.  The zone
 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan.  The other zone encompasses
 # everything else....  I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
 
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27) ([*] means see later comments below):
 # Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
 # produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
 #
 # 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
 # from 1991-02-04 No. 20
 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
 # removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
 # starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
 # It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
 # Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
 #
 # The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
 # of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
 # of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
 # text.
 #
 # According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
 # (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
 # http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
 # transition to "summer" time:
 # Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
 # Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
 # were to move clocks 1 hour forward.
 # Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik
 # SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts
 # of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
 # Other territories were to not move clocks.
 # When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
 # moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
 # Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
 #
 # Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
 # was one of such changes.
 #
 # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время
 # claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
 # Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
 # were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
 # forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
 # (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
 # article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
 # move clocks.)
 #
 # This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
 # the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
 # to +04/+05. It's unclear how Kzyl-Orda oblast moved into the fifth
 # time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
 #
 # 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 1992-01-13 No. 28
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
 # (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
 # introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
 # 1992-01-08 act.  It specified that time would be calculated
 # according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
 # on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
 # 2:00, specified DST rules.  It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
 # located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
 # border between them to be located east of Kustanay and Aktyubinsk
 # oblasts (notably including Turgai and Kzyl-Orda oblasts into the fifth
 # time belt).
 #
 # This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
 # Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyrau and Kustanay oblasts; from
 # +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk) [*]....
 #
 # 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 1992-03-27 No. 284
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
 # cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Kzyl-Orda oblasts
 # since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
 # and the fifth time belts respectively.
 #
 # 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 1994-09-23 No. 384
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangystau
 # oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
 # the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
 # result)....
 #
 # 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 1996-05-08 No. 575
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
 # amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
 # of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
 #
 # 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 1999-03-26 No. 305
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
 # cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyrau oblast since the
 # last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
 # time belt.
 #
 # This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.
 #
 # There is no zone for Atyrau currently (listed under Asia/Aqtau in
 # zone1970.tab).[*]
 #
 # 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
 # replaces the previous five documents.
 #
 # The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
 # fourth and the fifth time belts.  They account for changes in spelling
 # and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
 # probably changed time in territories incorporated into Kostanay oblast
 # (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Kyzylorda oblast
 # from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
 # fourth time belt (no change in practice).[*]
 #
 # 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
 # modified the 2000-11-23 act.  No relevant changes, apparently.
 #
 # 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 2004-07-20 No. 775
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Kostanay and Kyzylorda oblasts into
 # the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
 # using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
 # zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07).  The changes were to be implemented
 # during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
 # amended before implementation happened.
 #
 # 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
 # modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
 # (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
 # 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyrau, West Kazakhstan,
 # Kostanay, Kyzylorda and Mangystau oblasts by not moving clocks
 # during the 2014 transition to "winter" time.
 #
 # This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyrau oblast (no
 # zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
 # +06/+07 for Kostanay oblast (Kostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
 # and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....[*]
 #
 # 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
 # from 2005-03-15 No. 231
 # http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
 # removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
 # (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
 # acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
 # The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
 # time.
 #
 # Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
 # No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
 # Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
 # act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15):
 # The tables below should reflect Stepan Golosunov's remarks above,
 # except for the items marked "[*]" which I haven't gotten to yet.
 # It looks like we will need new zones Asia/Atyrau and Asia/Qostanay
 # to handle changes from 1992 through 2004 that we did not previously
 # know about.
 
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
 # This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
 # KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
 Zone	Asia/Almaty	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Alma-Ata
 			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
 			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
 			6:00	-	+06
 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
 Zone	Asia/Qyzylorda	4:21:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
 			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
 			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
 			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
 			6:00	-	+06
 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
 Zone	Asia/Aqtobe	3:48:40	-	LMT	1924 May  2
 			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
 			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
 			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
 			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
 			5:00	-	+05
 # Qostanay (KZ-KUS)
 
 # Mangghystau (KZ-MAN)
 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
 # so include time stamps before 1963.
 Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2
 			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
 			5:00	-	+05	1963
 			5:00	-	+05	1981 Oct  1
 			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1994 Sep 25  2:00s
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
 			5:00	-	+05
 
 # West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 Zone	Asia/Oral	3:25:24	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ural'sk
 			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
 			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
 			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
 			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
 			5:00	-	+05
 
 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system.  I take the article
 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Apr	Sun>=7	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2004	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
 			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Aug 31  2:00
 			5:00	Kyrgyz	+05/+06	2005 Aug 12
 			6:00	-	+06
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Korea (North and South)
 
 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
 # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
 # during the 1950-53 Korean War.  The system was temporarily enforced
 # between 1987 and 1988 ...
 
 # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
 # According to the Korean Wikipedia
 # http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
 # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows....  And I checked old
 # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
 # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
 # started at June 1 in that year.  For another example, the article in
 # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	ROK	1948	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1948	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
 Rule	ROK	1949	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1949	1951	-	Sep	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	ROK	1950	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1951	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1955	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1955	only	-	Sep	 9	0:00	0	S
 Rule	ROK	1956	only	-	May	20	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1956	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
 Rule	ROK	1957	1960	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1957	1960	-	Sep	Sun>=18	0:00	0	S
 Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	3:00	0	S
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
 #
 # 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
 #       (Announcement No. 338)
 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
 #
 # (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
 # edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
 #
 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
 #
 # For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
 # have no information otherwise.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
 # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
 # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations.  See:
 # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
 # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
 # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
 # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Seoul	8:27:52	-	LMT	1908 Apr  1
 			8:30	-	KST	1912 Jan  1
 			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  8
 			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
 			8:30	ROK	K%sT	1961 Aug 10
 			9:00	ROK	K%sT
 Zone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1908 Apr  1
 			8:30	-	KST	1912 Jan  1
 			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 24
 			9:00	-	KST	2015 Aug 15 00:00
 			8:30	-	KST
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Kuwait
 # See Asia/Riyadh.
 
 # Laos
 # See Asia/Bangkok.
 
 
 # Lebanon
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Oct	8	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1972	only	-	Jun	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1972	1977	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1973	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1984	1987	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1984	1991	-	Oct	16	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1988	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1989	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1990	1992	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1992	only	-	Oct	4	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1993	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1999	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Beirut	2:22:00 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	Lebanon	EE%sT
 
 # Malaysia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Sep	14	0:00	0:20	TS # one-Third Summer
 Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Dec	14	0:00	0	-
 #
 # peninsular Malaysia
 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	6:46:46 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
 			7:00	-	MALT	1933 Jan  1 # Malaya Time
 			7:00	0:20	MALST	1936 Jan  1
 			7:20	-	MALT	1941 Sep  1
 			7:30	-	MALT	1942 Feb 16
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
 			7:30	-	MALT	1982 Jan  1
 			8:00	-	MYT	# Malaysia Time
 # Sabah & Sarawak
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
 			7:30	-	BORT	1933        # Borneo Time
 			8:00	NBorneo	BOR%sT	1942 Feb 16
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
 			8:00	-	BORT	1982 Jan  1
 			8:00	-	MYT
 
 # Maldives
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880 # Male
 			4:54:00	-	MMT	1960 # Male Mean Time
 			5:00	-	MVT	# Maldives Time
 
 # Mongolia
 
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
 
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
 # General Information Mongolia
 #  (1999-09)
 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
 # eight hours."
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
 # being the last year it was implemented.  The dates of implementation I am
 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
 # of implementation may have been different....
 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
 # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
 # is good enough for our purposes.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
 # there are three time zones.
 #
 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
 #	Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
 #
 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
 
 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
 # Windows XP as the source.  Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
 # He also found
 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
 
 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
 
 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
 # database on this, e.g.:
 #
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
 #
 # both say GMT+08:00.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
 # schedule here:
 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
 # (click the English flag for English)
 #
 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
 # this is almost surely wrong.
 
 # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
 # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
 # daylight saving time in Mongolia....  Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
 # March 2015, daylight saving time starts.  And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
 # September daylight saving time ends.  Source:
 # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Mongol	1983	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	1983	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00.  Also, IATA SSIM
 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
 # the country.  That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
 
 Rule	Mongol	1985	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	1984	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
 Rule	Mongol	2001	only	-	Apr	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	2001	2006	-	Sep	lastSat	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Mongol	2002	2006	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	2015	max	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	2015	max	-	Sep	lastSat	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
 Zone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
 			6:00	-	HOVT	1978     # Hovd Time
 			7:00	Mongol	HOV%sT
 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
 Zone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
 			7:00	-	ULAT	1978     # Ulaanbaatar Time
 			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
 Zone	Asia/Choibalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
 			7:00	-	ULAT	1978
 			8:00	-	ULAT	1983 Apr
 			9:00	Mongol	CHO%sT	2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
 			8:00	Mongol	CHO%sT
 
 # Nepal
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kathmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
 			5:30	-	IST	1986
 			5:45	-	NPT	# Nepal Time
 
 # Oman
 # See Asia/Dubai.
 
 # Pakistan
 
 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002.  This is what I was
 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
 # 15th October each year".  This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
 # it's not on a trial basis.  Also, the "between the first Saturday
 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
 # DAWN  reported on 2002-10-05
 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight.  Go with McDow for now.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
 #
 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
 #
 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
 #
 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
 #
 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
 # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
 #
 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
 # instead of August 31.
 #
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
 # official working."
 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
 #
 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
 #
 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
 # April 08, 2009
 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
 #
 # ....
 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
 # conserve energy"
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
 # this regard."
 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
 # October 1, 2009.
 #
 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
 # Monday."
 #
 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
 #
 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
 
 # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
 # >
 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
 #
 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
 #
 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
 Rule Pakistan	2008	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Pakistan	2008	2009	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
 			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
 			5:30	-	IST	1951 Sep 30
 			5:00	-	KART	1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
 			5:00 Pakistan	PK%sT	# Pakistan Time
 
 # Palestine
 
 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
 #
 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
 #
 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
 # time zone was affected then).  It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
 # though.
 #
 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
 # Trans-Jordan").  So the rules for Jordan for that time apply.  Major
 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
 # East Jerusalem.
 #
 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
 # for East Jerusalem).  They were on Israel time since then; there might
 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
 #
 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995.  I know that in order to
 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
 # Jordanian one).
 #
 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
 #
 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
 # Israel      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion
 # West bank   | Zion      | Jordan    | Zion      | Jordan
 # Gaza        | Zion      | Egypt     | Zion      | Jordan
 #
 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
 # have one).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
 # to Palestine's rules.
 
 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
 #
 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
 # one-hour forward at this time.  As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
 # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
 # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
 # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
 # the Ramadan.  Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
 # earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel.  I was not
 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
 # the West Bank.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday.  It is also time to turn
 # > back the clocks for winter.  Friday will begin an hour late this week.
 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
 # because of the Ramadan.
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
 # surprised if they agreed about DST.  But for now, assume they agree.
 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
 #
 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
 #
 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
 #
 # (in Arabic)
 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
 #
 # (English translation)
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
 #
 # One news source:
 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
 #
 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
 #
 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
 #
 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
 #
 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
 # (in Arabic)
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
 # noon though:
 #
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
 # (Ma'an News Agency)
 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
 # According to several sources, including
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
 # Gaza and the West Bank.
 # Some more background info:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
 # Ramadan.
 #
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
 # Additional info:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
 # ...
 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
 # 00:00).
 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
 #
 # Many sources, including:
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
 # Some of many sources in Arabic:
 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
 #
 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
 #
 # Our brief summary:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
 # official source...:
 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
 # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
 # and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
 # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
 
 # From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
 # [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
 # saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
 # 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12):
 # Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
 
 # From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19):
 # [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
 # states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
 #
 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19):
 # Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
 # This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring
 # predictions.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19):
 # It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule EgyptAsia	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1967	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
 Rule EgyptAsia	1966	only	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
 
 Rule Palestine	1999	2005	-	Apr	Fri>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	1999	2003	-	Oct	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2004	only	-	Oct	 1	1:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2005	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2006	2007	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=8	2:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2008	2009	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2008	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2009	only	-	Sep	Fri>=1	1:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2010	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2010	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Apr	 1	0:01	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Aug	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Aug	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2012	2014	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2012	only	-	Sep	21	1:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2013	only	-	Sep	Fri>=21	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2014	2015	-	Oct	Fri>=21	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2015	only	-	Mar	lastFri	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2016	max	-	Mar	lastSat	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2016	max	-	Oct	lastSat	1:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 			2:00	Zion	EET	1948 May 15
 			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2008 Aug 29  0:00
 			2:00	-	EET	2008 Sep
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2010
 			2:00	-	EET	2010 Mar 27  0:01
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2011 Aug  1
 			2:00	-	EET	2012
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
 
 Zone	Asia/Hebron	2:20:23	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 			2:00	Zion	EET	1948 May 15
 			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
 
 # Paracel Is
 # no information
 
 # Philippines
 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
 # History of the International Date Line
 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
 # but no details]
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
 # March-June, but this is not definite.  It also says DST was last proclaimed
 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05
 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Phil	1937	only	-	Feb	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Apr	12	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 			8:04:00 -	LMT	1899 May 11
 			8:00	Phil	PH%sT	1942 May
 			9:00	-	JST	1944 Nov
 			8:00	Phil	PH%sT
 
 # Qatar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920     # Al Dawhah / Doha
 			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
 			3:00	-	AST
 Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
 
 # Saudi Arabia
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
 # has never been made official.  Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
 # o'clock for "Arab" time).
 #
 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
 # we can do.  The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947".  Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
 # earlier date.
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
 # time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
 # the country.  Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1947 Mar 14
 			3:00	-	AST
 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden	# Yemen
 Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
 
 # Singapore
 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
 			7:00	-	MALT	1933 Jan  1 # Malaya Time
 			7:00	0:20	MALST	1936 Jan  1
 			7:20	-	MALT	1941 Sep  1
 			7:30	-	MALT	1942 Feb 16
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
 			7:30	-	MALT	1965 Aug  9 # independence
 			7:30	-	SGT	1982 Jan  1 # Singapore Time
 			8:00	-	SGT
 
 # Spratly Is
 # no information
 
 # Sri Lanka
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898.  Prior to this Colombo
 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used."  But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
 # Shanks and Pottenger.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
 # (, 1996-05-24,
 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
 #
 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
 #  (1996-10-26):
 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
 #  (2006-04-13):
 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
 
 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
 # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
 
 # From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
 # According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
 # Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
 # standard time is SLST.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
 # "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time
 # zone nerd sources.  I searched Google News and found three uses of
 # it in the International Business Times of India in February and
 # March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
 # since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
 # other English-language news sources.  Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
 # even worse.  For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
 # switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Colombo	5:19:24 -	LMT	1880
 			5:19:32	-	MMT	1906        # Moratuwa Mean Time
 			5:30	-	+0530	1942 Jan  5
 			5:30	0:30	+0530/+06 1942 Sep
 			5:30	1:00	+0530/+0630 1945 Oct 16  2:00
 			5:30	-	+0530	1996 May 25  0:00
 			6:30	-	+0630	1996 Oct 26  0:30
 			6:00	-	+06	2006 Apr 15  0:30
 			5:30	-	+0530
 
 # Syria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1963	1965	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1963	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1964	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1965	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1966	only	-	Apr	24	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1966	1976	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1967	1978	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1977	1978	-	Sep	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Apr	9	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Feb	16	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Oct	9	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1987	only	-	Mar	1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1987	1988	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1988	only	-	Mar	15	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1990	only	-	Apr	1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1990	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1991	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1991	1992	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1992	only	-	Apr	 8	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
 Rule	Syria	1994	1996	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1994	2005	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1997	1998	-	Mar	lastMon	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1999	2006	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
 # this year [only]....  This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
 Rule	Syria	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
 Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
 # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
 #
 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
 #
 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
 #
 # which using Google's translate tools says:
 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
 Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Nov	 Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 
 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
 # Country     Time Standard   --- DST Start ---   --- DST End ---  DST
 # Name        Zone Variation   Time    Date        Time    Date
 # Variation
 # Syrian Arab
 # Republic    SY    +0200      2200  03APR08       2100  30SEP08   +0300
 #                              2200  02APR09       2100  30SEP09   +0300
 #                              2200  01APR10       2100  30SEP10   +0300
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
 # Agency (SANA)...
 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
 # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
 # compilers can't handle  or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
 #
 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
 # clocks back 60 minutes).
 #
 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
 # two examples:
 #
 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
 # (Arabic, gov-site)
 #
 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
 #
 # Our summary
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
 #
 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
 #
 # Our brief summary:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
 
 Rule	Syria	2008	only	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	2008	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	2009	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	2010	2011	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	2012	max	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	2009	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920 # Dimashq
 			2:00	Syria	EE%sT
 
 # Tajikistan
 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
 			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			5:00	1:00	+05/+06	1991 Sep  9  2:00s
 			5:00	-	+05
 
 # Thailand
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
 			6:42:04	-	BMT	1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
 			7:00	-	ICT
 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh	# Cambodia
 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane	# Laos
 
 # Turkmenistan
 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
 			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00
 			5:00	-	+05
 
 # United Arab Emirates
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
 			4:00	-	GST
 Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat	# Oman
 
 # Uzbekistan
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:53 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
 			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
 			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
 			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992
 			5:00	-	+05
 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
 Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:11 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
 			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992
 			5:00	-	+05
 
 # Vietnam
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam.  But this is quite a ways
 # from Saigon's location.  For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
 # is quoted verbatim in:
 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
 # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
 # and is the basis for the information below.
 #
 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
 # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris.
 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
 # the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
 # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
 # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
 # is closer to 07:06:31.  Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
 #
 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
 #
 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
 #
 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
 #
 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
 #
 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
 			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
 			7:00	-	ICT	1942 Dec 31 23:00
 			8:00	-	IDT	1945 Mar 14 23:00
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
 			7:00	-	ICT	1947 Apr  1
 			8:00	-	IDT	1955 Jul  1
 			7:00	-	ICT	1959 Dec 31 23:00
 			8:00	-	IDT	1975 Jun 13
 			7:00	-	ICT
 
 # Yemen
 # See Asia/Riyadh.
Index: vendor/tzdata/dist/australasia
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/dist/australasia	(revision 308264)
+++ vendor/tzdata/dist/australasia	(revision 308265)
@@ -1,1779 +1,1789 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
 
 # Notes are at the end of this file
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Australia
 
 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Jan	 1	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Aus	1943	1944	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Aus	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00	1:00	D
 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944.  Ignore Whitman's claim that
 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Northern Territory
 Zone Australia/Darwin	 8:43:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			 9:00	-	ACST	1899 May
 			 9:30	Aus	AC%sT
 # Western Australia
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AW	1974	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AW	1975	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AW	1983	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AW	1984	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AW	1991	only	-	Nov	17	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AW	1992	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AW	2006	only	-	Dec	 3	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AW	2007	2009	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AW	2007	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Zone Australia/Perth	 7:43:24 -	LMT	1895 Dec
 			 8:00	Aus	AW%sT	1943 Jul
 			 8:00	AW	AW%sT
 Zone Australia/Eucla	 8:35:28 -	LMT	1895 Dec
 			 8:45	Aus	ACW%sT	1943 Jul
 			 8:45	AW	ACW%sT
 
 # Queensland
 #
 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
 # Queensland ceased to.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
 # so use Lindeman.
 #
 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
 # There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday
 # islands is a colloquial term used globally.  Hayman and Lindeman are at the
 # north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and
 # Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone
 # applies to all of the Whitsundays.
 # http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AQ	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AQ	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Holiday	1992	1993	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Holiday	1993	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Zone Australia/Brisbane	10:12:08 -	LMT	1895
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
 			10:00	AQ	AE%sT
 Zone Australia/Lindeman  9:55:56 -	LMT	1895
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
 			10:00	AQ	AE%sT	1992 Jul
 			10:00	Holiday	AE%sT
 
 # South Australia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AS	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AS	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AS	1987	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AS	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	1991	only	-	Mar	3	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	1992	only	-	Mar	22	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	1993	only	-	Mar	7	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	1994	only	-	Mar	20	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	2006	only	-	Apr	2	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Adelaide	9:14:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			9:00	-	ACST	1899 May
 			9:30	Aus	AC%sT	1971
 			9:30	AS	AC%sT
 
 # Tasmania
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AT	1967	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AT	1968	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	1968	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AT	1969	1971	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	1982	1983	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	1984	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	1986	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AT	1987	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	1987	only	-	Oct	Sun>=22	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AT	1988	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AT	1991	1999	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AT	1991	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AT	2001	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AT	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AT	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Hobart	9:49:16	-	LMT	1895 Sep
 			10:00	-	AEST	1916 Oct  1  2:00
 			10:00	1:00	AEDT	1917 Feb
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1967
 			10:00	AT	AE%sT
 Zone Australia/Currie	9:35:28	-	LMT	1895 Sep
 			10:00	-	AEST	1916 Oct  1  2:00
 			10:00	1:00	AEDT	1917 Feb
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971 Jul
 			10:00	AT	AE%sT
 
 # Victoria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AV	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AV	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AV	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AV	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AV	1986	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AV	1988	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AV	1991	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AV	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AV	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AV	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AV	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AV	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
 			10:00	AV	AE%sT
 
 # New South Wales
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AN	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AN	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	1982	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	1983	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AN	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AN	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AN	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	AN	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Sydney	10:04:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
 			10:00	AN	AE%sT
 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	-	AEST	1896 Aug 23
 			9:00	-	ACST	1899 May
 			9:30	Aus	AC%sT	1971
 			9:30	AN	AC%sT	2000
 			9:30	AS	AC%sT
 
 # Lord Howe Island
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	LH	1981	1984	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	LH	1982	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	LH	1985	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	D
 Rule	LH	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	S
 Rule	LH	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00	0:30	D
 Rule	LH	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	D
 Rule	LH	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	LH	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	LH	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00	0:30	D
 Rule	LH	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	D
 Rule	LH	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	LH	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0:30	D
 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	-	AEST	1981 Mar
 			10:30	LH	LH%sT
 
 # Australian miscellany
 #
 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
 # no times are set
 #
 # Coral Sea Is
 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
 # no times are set
 #
 # Macquarie
 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919.  See the
 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831
 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
 # on 4 April.
 #
 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
 # pre-2013 versions of localtime.
 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0	-	-00	1899 Nov
 			10:00	-	AEST	1916 Oct  1  2:00
 			10:00	1:00	AEDT	1917 Feb
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1919 Apr  1  0:00s
 			0	-	-00	1948 Mar 25
 			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1967
 			10:00	AT	AE%sT	2010 Apr  4  3:00
 			11:00	-	MIST	# Macquarie I Standard Time
 
 # Christmas
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Indian/Christmas	7:02:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			7:00	-	CXT	# Christmas Island Time
 
 # Cocos (Keeling) Is
 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900
 			6:30	-	CCT	# Cocos Islands Time
 
 
 # Fiji
 
 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation,  Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
 # from November 29th 2009  to April 25th 2010.
 #
 # "Daylight savings to commence this month"
 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
 # amendments:
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
 #
 # Official source:
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
 #
 # A bit more background info here:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
 #
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
 # which says
 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
 # 2am on February 26 next year.
 
 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
 #
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
 # states:
 #
 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
 # on the  23rd of October, 2011.
 
 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:
 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate
 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
 
 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ...
 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):
 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx
 
 # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20):
 # DST will start Nov. 2 this year.
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx
 
 # From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77
 # in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28),
 # via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02):
 # the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time
 # commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at
 # 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016.
 
 # From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04):
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx
 # "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when
 # clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am....  Daylight Saving will
 # end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017."
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-03):
 # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to
 # 03:00 the third Sunday in January.  Although ad hoc, it matches
 # transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future
 # practice than guessing no DST.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Fiji	1998	1999	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Fiji	1999	2000	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2009	only	-	Nov	29	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Fiji	2010	only	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2010	2013	-	Oct	Sun>=21	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Fiji	2011	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2012	2013	-	Jan	Sun>=18	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2014	only	-	Jan	Sun>=18	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2014	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Fiji	2015	max	-	Jan	Sun>=15	3:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:55:44 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26 # Suva
 			12:00	Fiji	FJ%sT	# Fiji Time
 
 # French Polynesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Gambier	 -8:59:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Rikitea
 			 -9:00	-	GAMT	# Gambier Time
 Zone	Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 -	LMT	1912 Oct
 			 -9:30	-	MART	# Marquesas Time
 Zone	Pacific/Tahiti	 -9:58:16 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Papeete
 			-10:00	-	TAHT	# Tahiti Time
 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
 # it is uninhabited.
 
 # Guam
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Guam	-14:21:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 			 9:39:00 -	LMT	1901        # Agana
 			10:00	-	GST	2000 Dec 23 # Guam
 			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time
 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
 
 # Kiribati
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Tarawa	 11:32:04 -	LMT	1901 # Bairiki
 			 12:00	-	GILT	# Gilbert Is Time
 Zone Pacific/Enderbury	-11:24:20 -	LMT	1901
 			-12:00	-	PHOT	1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
 			-11:00	-	PHOT	1995
 			 13:00	-	PHOT
 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati	-10:29:20 -	LMT	1901
 			-10:40	-	LINT	1979 Oct # Line Is Time
 			-10:00	-	LINT	1995
 			 14:00	-	LINT
 
 # N Mariana Is
 # See Pacific/Guam.
 
 # Marshall Is
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Majuro	11:24:48 -	LMT	1901
 			11:00	-	MHT	1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
 			12:00	-	MHT
 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein	11:09:20 -	LMT	1901
 			11:00	-	MHT	1969 Oct
 			-12:00	-	KWAT	1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
 			12:00	-	MHT
 
 # Micronesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Chuuk	10:07:08 -	LMT	1901
 			10:00	-	CHUT	# Chuuk Time
 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei	10:32:52 -	LMT	1901 # Kolonia
 			11:00	-	PONT	# Pohnpei Time
 Zone Pacific/Kosrae	10:51:56 -	LMT	1901
 			11:00	-	KOST	1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
 			12:00	-	KOST	1999
 			11:00	-	KOST
 
 # Nauru
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Nauru	11:07:40 -	LMT	1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
 			11:30	-	NRT	1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1944 Aug 15
 			11:30	-	NRT	1979 May
 			12:00	-	NRT
 
 # New Caledonia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NC	1977	1978	-	Dec	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	NC	1978	1979	-	Feb	27	0:00	0	-
 Rule	NC	1996	only	-	Dec	 1	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
 Rule	NC	1997	only	-	Mar	 2	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Noumea	11:05:48 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
 			11:00	NC	NC%sT
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # New Zealand
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NZ	1927	only	-	Nov	 6	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	NZ	1928	only	-	Mar	 4	2:00	0	M
 Rule	NZ	1928	1933	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00	0:30	S
 Rule	NZ	1929	1933	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	M
 Rule	NZ	1934	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	0	M
 Rule	NZ	1934	1940	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0:30	S
 Rule	NZ	1946	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	S
 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
 # convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition
 # so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
 Rule	NZ	1974	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Chatham	1974	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:45s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZ	1975	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Chatham	1975	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:45s	0	S
 Rule	NZ	1975	1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Chatham	1975	1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:45s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZ	1976	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Chatham	1976	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:45s	0	S
 Rule	NZ	1989	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Chatham	1989	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:45s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZ	1990	2006	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Chatham	1990	2006	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:45s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZ	1990	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Chatham	1990	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:45s	0	S
 Rule	NZ	2007	max	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Chatham	2007	max	-	Sep	lastSun	2:45s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZ	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Chatham	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:45s	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Auckland	11:39:04 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
 			11:30	NZ	NZ%sT	1946 Jan  1
 			12:00	NZ	NZ%sT
 Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:13:48 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
 			12:15	-	CHAST	1946 Jan  1
 			12:45	Chatham	CHA%sT
 
 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
 
 # Auckland Is
 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
 # and scientific personnel have wintered
 
 # Campbell I
 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
 
 # Cook Is
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Cook	1978	only	-	Nov	12	0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Cook	1979	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cook	1979	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	HS
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga	-10:39:04 -	LMT	1901        # Avarua
 			-10:30	-	CKT	1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
 			-10:00	Cook	CK%sT
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 
 # Niue
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Niue	-11:19:40 -	LMT	1901        # Alofi
 			-11:20	-	NUT	1951        # Niue Time
 			-11:30	-	NUT	1978 Oct  1
 			-11:00	-	NUT
 
 # Norfolk
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Norfolk	11:11:52 -	LMT	1901 # Kingston
 			11:12	-	NMT	1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
 			11:30	-	NFT	1974 Oct 27 02:00 # Norfolk T.
 			11:30	1:00	NFST	1975 Mar  2 02:00
 			11:30	-	NFT	2015 Oct  4 02:00
 			11:00	-	NFT
 
 # Palau (Belau)
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Palau	8:57:56 -	LMT	1901 # Koror
 			9:00	-	PWT	# Palau Time
 
 # Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
 			9:48:32	-	PMMT	1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
 			10:00	-	PGT	# Papua New Guinea Time
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
 #
 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
 # http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
 #
 # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11
 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00.  They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time";
 # abbreviate this as BST.  See:
 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
 #
 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 -	LMT	1880
 			 9:48:32 -	PMMT	1895
 			10:00	-	PGT	1942 Jul
 			 9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 21
 			10:00	-	PGT	2014 Dec 28  2:00
 			11:00	-	BST
 
 # Pitcairn
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn	-8:40:20 -	LMT	1901        # Adamstown
 			-8:30	-	PNT	1998 Apr 27  0:00
 			-8:00	-	PST	# Pitcairn Standard Time
 
 # American Samoa
 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago	 12:37:12 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 			-11:22:48 -	LMT	1911
 			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr    # N=Nome
 			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
 			-11:00	-	SST	            # S=Samoa
 Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands
 
 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
 # the following info:
 #
 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
 # Sunday of April 2011."
 #
 # Background info:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
 #
 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
 # contain any dates:
 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
 
 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
 # Please see
 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws
 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
 
 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
 #
 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
 
 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
 #
 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
 # The International Date Line Act 2011
 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
 # changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
 # Thursday 29th December 2011".  The International Date Line was adjusted
 # accordingly.
 
 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
 #
 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
 #
 # DST
 # Year  End      Time              Start        Time
 # 2011  - - -    - - -             24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
 # 2012  01 April 4:00am to 3:00am  - - -        - - -
 #
 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
 # Thursday 29th December 2011	23:59:59 Hours
 # Saturday 31st December 2011	00:00:00 Hours
 #
 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	WS	2010	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1	D
 Rule	WS	2011	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	4:00	0	S
 Rule	WS	2011	only	-	Sep	lastSat	3:00	1	D
 Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	4:00	0	S
 Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	1	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Apia	 12:33:04 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 			-11:26:56 -	LMT	1911
 			-11:30	-	WSST	1950
 			-11:00	WS	S%sT	2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa
 			 13:00	WS	WS%sT
 
 # Solomon Is
 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Honiara
 			11:00	-	SBT	# Solomon Is Time
 
 # Tokelau Is
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
 # December 31 this year ...
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
 # actually was to UTC-11 back then.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
 # , page 65, says Tokelau
 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T."  Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
 # are off by an hour starting in 1901.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Fakaofo	-11:24:56 -	LMT	1901
 			-11:00	-	TKT	2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
 			13:00	-	TKT
 
 # Tonga
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Tonga	1999	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tonga	2000	only	-	Mar	19	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Tonga	2000	2001	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Tonga	2001	2002	-	Jan	lastSun	2:00	0	-
+Rule	Tonga	2016	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Tonga	2017	max	-	Jan	Sun>=15	3:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu	12:19:20 -	LMT	1901
-			12:20	-	TOT	1941 # Tonga Time
-			13:00	-	TOT	1999
-			13:00	Tonga	TO%sT
+			12:20	-	+1220	1941
+			13:00	-	+13	1999
+			13:00	Tonga	+13/+14
 
 # Tuvalu
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
 			12:00	-	TVT	# Tuvalu Time
 
 
 # US minor outlying islands
 
 # Howland, Baker
 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
 # uninhabited thereafter.
 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937;
 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
 # until they were abandoned after the war.
 
 # Jarvis
 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
 # uninhabited thereafter.
 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
 
 # Johnston
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11):
 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
 # Details are uncertain.  We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
 # treat it like Hawaii for now.
 #
 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
 #  (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time."  This was in June 1945, and
 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
 #
 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):
 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours.  This apparently applied to at least the
 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
 # http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
 # Minus One Hour".
 #
 # See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston.
 
 # Kingman
 # uninhabited
 
 # Midway
 # See Pacific/Pago_Pago.
 
 # Palmyra
 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
 
 # Wake
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Wake	11:06:28 -	LMT	1901
 			12:00	-	WAKT	# Wake Time
 
 
 # Vanuatu
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Vanuatu	1983	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Vanuatu	1984	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=23	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Vanuatu	1984	only	-	Oct	23	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Vanuatu	1985	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=23	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Vanuatu	1992	1993	-	Jan	Sun>=23	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Vanuatu	1992	only	-	Oct	Sun>=23	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Vila
 			11:00	Vanuatu	VU%sT	# Vanuatu Time
 
 # Wallis and Futuna
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 			12:00	-	WFT	# Wallis & Futuna Time
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # NOTES
 
 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #		std	dst
 #		LMT		Local Mean Time
 #	  8:00	AWST	AWDT	Western Australia
 #	  8:45	ACWST	ACWDT	Central Western Australia*
 #	  9:00	JST		Japan
 #	  9:30	ACST	ACDT	Central Australia
 #	 10:00	AEST	AEDT	Eastern Australia
 #	 10:00	ChST		Chamorro
 #	 10:30	LHST	LHDT	Lord Howe*
 #	 11:00	BST		Bougainville*
 #	 11:30	NZMT	NZST	New Zealand through 1945
 #	 12:00	NZST	NZDT	New Zealand 1946-present
 #	 12:15	CHAST		Chatham through 1945*
 #	 12:45	CHAST	CHADT	Chatham 1946-present*
 #	 13:00	WSST	WSDT	(western) Samoa 2011-present*
 #	-11:30	WSST		Western Samoa through 1950*
 #	-11:00	SST		Samoa
 #	-10:00	HST		Hawaii
 #	- 8:00	PST		Pitcairn*
 #
 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Australia
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
 # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
 # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving
 # covers New South Wales in particular.
 
 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
 # It is called 'summer' time.  Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
 # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
 # abbreviation does _not_ change...
 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
 # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight
 # time'.
 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time'
 # or 'Eastern Summer Time'.  (Note, though, that as I say in the
 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.)  Announcers
 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
 # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times;
 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
 #
 # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
 # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
 # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
 # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
 # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
 # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
 # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
 # what matters is the abbreviation.  It's difficult to survey the web
 # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
 # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
 # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
 # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:
 #
 #   10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
 #   10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
 #   10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
 #   13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
 #   18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
 #   28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
 #   39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
 #   53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
 #   54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
 #  182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au
 #
 #   17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
 #   46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au
 #
 # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
 # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits.  I also looked for pages
 # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
 # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:
 #
 #  156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
 #  226 "western standard time" WST site:au
 #
 # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
 # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
 # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
 # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT".  The papers
 # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
 # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
 # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).
 #
 # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
 # like "AEDT" are new.  A Trove search 
 # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
 # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
 # fully indexed.  The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
 # like "AEDT".  The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
 # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
 # (1993-01-24, p 16).  The style was the typical usage but was not
 # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
 # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
 # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
 # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
 # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
 # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."
 #
 # I also surveyed federal government sources.  They did not agree:
 #
 #   The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
 #   http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
 #   (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
 #   AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
 #
 #   Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
 #   http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
 #   EST CST WST EDT CDT
 #
 #   Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
 #   http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
 #   EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)
 #
 #   Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
 #   http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
 #   AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
 #
 #   Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
 #   http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
 #   EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used
 #
 #   The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
 #   and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
 #   Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
 #   311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
 #   "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
 #   appear in reports of events with international implications.
 #
 # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
 # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
 # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
 # the minority.  The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
 # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
 # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
 # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A".  The current
 # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
 # "AEDT" for Australian time zones.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time.
 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
 
 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
 #
 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
 # relevant entries in this database.
 #
 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html
 # ACT
 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html
 # SA
 # Standard Time Act, 1898
 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html
 
 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
 # to extend DST together in 2006.
 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
 # allude to it.
 # But not Queensland
 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html
 
 # Northern Territory
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY..  [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
 # #					[ Nov 1990 ]
 # #	N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
 # ...
 # Zone        Australia/North         9:30    -       CST
 
 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
 
 # Western Australia
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #  The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA..  [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
 # #						[ Nov 1990 ]
 # #	W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
 # #	DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
 # #	usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
 # #	before reaching parliament.
 # ...
 # Zone	Australia/West		8:00	AW	%sST
 # ...
 # Rule	AW	1974	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	AW	1975	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	W
 # Rule	AW	1983	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	AW	1984	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	W
 
 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
 
 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
 # work at 9.00am.)
 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
 # everybody again.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
 # it matches what was used in the past.
 
 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
 # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
 # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
 
 # Queensland
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #   The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
 # #						[ Dec 1990 ]
 # ...
 # Zone	Australia/Queensland	10:00	AQ	%sST
 # ...
 # Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	E
 # Rule	AQ	1989	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	AQ	1990	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	E
 
 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
 # October 1989).
 
 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
 
 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
 # end on Sunday, 3 March.  I don't know at what hour, though.  (It surprised
 # me.)
 
 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
 # ...
 # Rule	QLD	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	QLD	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	S
 # ...
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
 
 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
 # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
 # WA are trialing DST for three years.
 # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf
 
 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
 # southern coast....  South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
 # Australia does not.  The two states are one and a half hours apart.  The
 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
 # Australia and Western Australia....
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
 # This is confirmed by the section entitled
 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in
 # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html
 #
 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
 # coast of the continent.
 #
 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
 # the largest population centre in this zone....
 #
 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
 #
 # (2006-12-09):
 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
 # of this time zone.  My hunch is that it's been around since well
 # before 1975.  I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
 # introduction of standard time in 1895.
 
 
 # southeast Australia
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
 
 
 # South Australia
 
 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #   The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
 # #						[ Nov 1990 ]
 # ...
 # Zone	Australia/South		9:30	AS	%sST
 # ...
 # Rule	 AS	1971	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	 AS	1972	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	C
 # Rule	 AS	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	3:00	0	C
 # Rule	 AS	1991	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	C
 
 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
 # contained the following exchange:  "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
 
 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
 # numbered year (from 1990).  That's when the Adelaide Festival
 # is on...
 
 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
 
 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
 
 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
 
 # Tasmania
 
 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #  The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
 # #					[ Nov 1990 ]
 
 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
 # (but nothing new about that).
 
 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
 # instead of the first Sunday in October.
 
 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
 
 # Victoria
 
 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #   The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
 # #						[ Nov 1990 ]
 
 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
 # interesting story about daylight savings time.  Dr. John Heilbron was
 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
 # in Melbourne, Australia.
 #
 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
 # fallen WWI soldiers.  And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
 # expected time.
 #
 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?).  Perhaps
 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
 #
 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
 
 # New South Wales
 
 # From Arthur David Olson:
 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
 # Based on law library research by John Mackin,
 # who notes:
 #	In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
 #	individual states.  Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
 #	[I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
 #	use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
 #	legislation.  This is very important to understand.
 #	I have researched New South Wales time only...
 
 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
 # October in 2000.  See: Matthew Moore,
 # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).
 # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
 # See the following official NSW source:
 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
 # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ
 #
 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
 # daylight saving next year.  See:
 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm
 # (1999-07-22).  For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
 #
 # Victoria will following NSW.  See:
 # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
 # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm
 #
 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request.  See:
 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm
 #
 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics.  See:
 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm
 # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
 # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
 #
 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000.  See:
 # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm
 
 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
 
 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
 # towns to use Queensland time.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
 
 # Yancowinna
 
 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
 # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # # YANCOWINNA..  [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
 # #					[ Dec 1990 ]
 # ...
 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
 # # presently available.
 # Zone	Australia/Yancowinna	9:30	 AY	%sST
 # ...
 # Rule	 AY	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	 AY	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	C
 # [followed by other Rules]
 
 # Lord Howe Island
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # LHI...		[ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
 #					[ Dec 1990 ]
 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
 # hour ahead of NSW time.
 
 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27).  For your information the
 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
 # instead of only 30 minutes.  [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
 # arrangements.  The starting date for summer time on the Island will
 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
 
 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
 # Lonergan thereafter.  For times we use Lonergan.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
 # summer (southern hemisphere).
 #
 # From
 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
 #
 # We have a wrap-up here:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
 ###############################################################################
 
 # New Zealand
 
 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
 # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # # The Country of New Zealand   (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
 # #				   or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
 # #	[ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
 # #				[ Nov 1990 ]
 # ...
 # Rule	NZ      1974    1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	NZ	1989	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	NZ      1975    1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	S
 # Rule	NZ	1990	max	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	S
 # ...
 # Zone	NZ			12:00	NZ		NZ%sT	# New Zealand
 # Zone	NZ-CHAT			12:45	-		NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
 # rather than the October 1 value.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
 #
 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
 
 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
 # first Sunday in April.  The changes take effect this year, meaning
 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
 # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
 # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
 # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
 # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
 # time in the Chatham Islands.  The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
 # Zealand time.  I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
 # LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 
 # Fiji
 
 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
 
 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28.  Each year the DST period will
 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time.  Go with McDow.
 
 # From the BBC World Service in
 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
 # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
 # of the new millennium.
 
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
 
 
 # Kiribati
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
 
 
 # Kwajalein
 
 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
 # 1993-08-20.  Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
 
 
 # N Mariana Is, Guam
 
 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
 # see Asia/Manila.
 
 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time".  There is no official abbreviation,
 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
 
 
 # Micronesia
 
 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
 
 
 # Midway
 
 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
 #  (2002-12-31):
 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
 # Saving Time.  This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
 # your time down there in New Zealand.  Starting September 2, 1956
 # we'll again go back to Standard Time.  This'll mean that we'll go to
 # air at 6am your time.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
 # started DST on June 3.  Possibly DST was observed other years
 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
 
 # Norfolk
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23):
 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100:
 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
 # other than in 1974/5.  See:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
 
 # Pitcairn
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time.  The Proclamation is as follows.
 #
 #	The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
 #	Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
 #	as Pitcairn Standard Time.
 #
 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
 # ... at midnight.
 
 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
 
 
 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
 
 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
 
 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30
 # in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11
 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
 # Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950,
 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
 # day in 2011.  Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
 
 # Tonga
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
 
 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
 #
 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT.  When New Zealand adjusted its
 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
 #
 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
 #
 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
 # minutes we have lost?"
 #
 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
 # to say your prayers in the morning."
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
 
 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
 # Government.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November
 #
 # I was given this link by John Letts:
 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
 #
 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
 # (12 + 1 hour DST).
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
 # According to :
 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
 # third Saturday of April.  Under the system approved by Privy Council on
 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
 # set back an hour on the closing date."
 # Alas, no indication of the time of day.
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
 # (Original URL was )
 
 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
 
 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am.  At 2:00am on the last Sunday
 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
 # hour to 1:00am.
 
-# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
+# From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05):
 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed.  It wasn't.
 
+# From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27):
+# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017
+# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen
+# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set.
+#
+# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26):
+# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00
+# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now.
 
 # Wake
 
 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
 #
 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ...  The time was all the
 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays.  Furthermore, we
 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
 # impossible.
 #
 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # The International Date Line
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
 #
 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
 # convention, or treaty.  Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
 #
 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati.  Even that line
 # has a rather arbitrary nature.  The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC.  And, since the IDL is not
 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
 # correct date is ambiguous.
 
 # From Wikipedia  (2005-08-31):
 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon).  During 1917, at the
 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
 # on the high seas.  Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
 # nation it would use that nation's standard time.  The captain was permitted
 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
 # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight.  These zones were
 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
 # independent merchant ships until World War II.
 
 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
 # (2005-03-20):
 #
 # The American Practical Navigator (2002)
 # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187
 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.
Index: vendor/tzdata/dist/backzone
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/dist/backzone	(nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/dist/backzone	(revision 308265)
@@ -0,0 +1,677 @@
+# Zones that go back beyond the scope of the tz database
+
+# This file is in the public domain.
+
+# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know
+# better, go ahead and edit it (and please send any changes to
+# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
+# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
+
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
+
+# This file contains data outside the normal scope of the tz database,
+# in that its zones do not differ from normal tz zones after 1970.
+# Links in this file point to zones in this file, superseding links in
+# the file 'backward'.
+
+# Although zones in this file may be of some use for analyzing
+# pre-1970 time stamps, they are less reliable, cover only a tiny
+# sliver of the pre-1970 era, and cannot feasibly be improved to cover
+# most of the era.  Because the zones are out of normal scope for the
+# database, less effort is put into maintaining this file.  Many of
+# the zones were formerly in other source files, but were removed or
+# replaced by links as their data entries were questionable and/or they
+# differed from other zones only in pre-1970 time stamps.
+
+# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
+# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
+# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
+
+# This file is not intended to be compiled standalone, as it
+# assumes rules from other files.  In the tz distribution, use
+# 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone zones' to compile and install this file.
+
+# Zones are sorted by zone name.  Each zone is preceded by the
+# name of the country that the zone is in, along with any other
+# commentary and rules associated with the entry.
+#
+# As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are:
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+
+# Ethiopia
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
+# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
+# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
+# 02:00 or 14:00.  Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
+#
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
+# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
+# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05.  Perhaps 38E50
+# was for Adis Dera.  Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong
+# anyway.
+Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
+			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May  5 # Adis Dera MT
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Eritrea
+Zone	Africa/Asmara	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
+			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890        # Asmara Mean Time
+			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May  5 # Adis Dera MT
+			3:00	-	EAT
+Link Africa/Asmara Africa/Asmera
+
+# Mali (southern)
+Zone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
+			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
+			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Jun 20
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Central African Republic
+Zone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
+			1:00	-	WAT
+
+# Gambia
+Zone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
+			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935 # Banjul Mean Time
+			-1:00	-	WAT	1964
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Malawi
+Zone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
+			2:00	-	CAT
+
+# Republic of the Congo
+Zone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
+			1:00	-	WAT
+
+# Burundi
+Zone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
+			2:00	-	CAT
+
+# Guinea
+Zone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
+			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
+			-1:00	-	WAT	1960
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Senegal
+Zone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
+			-1:00	-	WAT	1941 Jun
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Tanzania
+Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
+			3:00	-	EAT	1948
+			2:45	-	BEAUT	1961
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Djibouti
+Zone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Cameroon
+# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Zone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
+			1:00	-	WAT
+# Sierra Leone
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
+# The following table is from Shanks & Pottenger, but it can't be right.
+# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on.
+# The International Hydrographic Bulletin, 1932-33, p 63 says that
+# Sierra Leone would advance its clocks by 20 minutes on 1933-10-01.
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	SLST
+Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	WAT
+Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	SLST
+Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	GMT
+Zone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
+			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
+			-1:00	SL	%s	1957
+			 0:00	SL	%s
+
+# Botswana
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
+# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
+Zone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
+			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
+			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19  2:00
+			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19  2:00
+			2:00	-	CAT
+
+# Zimbabwe
+Zone	Africa/Harare	2:04:12 -	LMT	1903 Mar
+			2:00	-	CAT
+
+# South Sudan
+Zone	Africa/Juba	2:06:24 -	LMT	1931
+			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Uganda
+Zone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
+			3:00	-	EAT	1930
+			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
+			2:45	-	BEAUT	1957
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Rwanda
+Zone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
+			2:00	-	CAT
+
+# Democratic Republic of the Congo (west)
+Zone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov  9
+			1:00	-	WAT
+
+# Gabon
+Zone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
+			1:00	-	WAT
+
+# Togo
+Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
+			0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Angola
+#
+# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
+# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
+#
+Zone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
+			0:52:04	-	AOT	1912 Jan  1 # Angola Time
+			1:00	-	WAT
+
+# Democratic Republic of the Congo (east)
+Zone Africa/Lubumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
+			2:00	-	CAT
+
+# Zambia
+Zone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
+			2:00	-	CAT
+
+# Equatorial Guinea
+#
+# Although Shanks says that Malabo switched from UT +00 to +01 on 1963-12-15,
+# a Google Books search says that London Calling, Issues 432-465 (1948), p 19,
+# says that Spanish Guinea was at +01 back then.  The Shanks data entries
+# are most likely wrong, but we have nothing better; use them here for now.
+#
+Zone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
+			0:00	-	GMT	1963 Dec 15
+			1:00	-	WAT
+
+# Lesotho
+Zone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
+			2:00	-	SAST	1943 Sep 19  2:00
+			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19  2:00
+			2:00	-	SAST
+
+# Swaziland
+Zone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
+			2:00	-	SAST
+
+# Somalia
+Zone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
+			3:00	-	EAT	1931
+			2:30	-	BEAT	1957
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Niger
+Zone	Africa/Niamey	 0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
+			-1:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
+			 0:00	-	GMT	1960
+			 1:00	-	WAT
+
+# Mauritania
+Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
+			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
+			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Nov 28
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Burkina Faso
+Zone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Benin
+# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
+# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+Zone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912 Jan  1
+			0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
+			1:00	-	WAT
+
+# São Tomé and Príncipe
+Zone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
+			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Mali (northern)
+Zone	Africa/Timbuktu	-0:12:04 -	LMT	1912
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Anguilla
+Zone America/Anguilla	-4:12:16 -	LMT	1912 Mar  2
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# Antigua and Barbuda
+Zone	America/Antigua	-4:07:12 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
+			-5:00	-	EST	1951
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# Chubut, Argentina
+# The name "Comodoro Rivadavia" exceeds the 14-byte POSIX limit.
+Zone America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia -4:30:00 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
+			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
+			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
+			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
+			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
+			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
+			-3:00	-	ART
+
+# Aruba
+Zone	America/Aruba	-4:40:24 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad
+			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# Cayman Is
+Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890     # Georgetown
+			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
+			-5:00	-	EST
+
+# Canada
+Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 -	LMT	1884
+			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1946
+			-5:00	-	EST
+
+# Dominica
+Zone America/Dominica	-4:05:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul  1  0:01 # Roseau
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# Baja California
+# See 'northamerica' for why this entry is here rather than there.
+Zone America/Ensenada	-7:46:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:13:32
+			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
+			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 16
+			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr
+			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
+			-8:00	-	PST	1996
+			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT
+
+# Grenada
+Zone	America/Grenada	-4:07:00 -	LMT	1911 Jul # St George's
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# Guadeloupe
+Zone America/Guadeloupe	-4:06:08 -	LMT	1911 Jun  8 # Pointe-à-Pitre
+			-4:00	 -	AST
+
+# Canada
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
+# Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto; see
+# America/Toronto.  However, earlier versions of the tz database
+# mistakenly relied on data from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec
+# differed from Ontario after 1970, and the following rules and zone
+# were created for most of Quebec from the incorrect Shanks &
+# Pottenger data.  The post-1970 entries have been corrected, but the
+# pre-1970 entries are unchecked and probably have errors.
+#
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Apr	24	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1919	only	-	Mar	31	2:30	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1919	only	-	Oct	25	2:30	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1920	only	-	May	 2	2:30	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1920	1922	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:30	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1921	only	-	May	 1	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1922	only	-	Apr	30	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1924	only	-	May	17	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1924	1926	-	Sep	lastSun	2:30	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1925	1926	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Apr	lastSat	24:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Sep	lastSat	24:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1938	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1946	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Mont	1945	1948	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1949	1950	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1951	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Mont	1957	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
+Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
+			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1918
+			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
+			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
+			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
+			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1974
+			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
+
+# Montserrat
+# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
+# world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now.
+Zone America/Montserrat	-4:08:52 -	LMT	1911 Jul  1  0:01 # Cork Hill
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# Argentina
+# This entry was intended for the following areas, but has been superseded by
+# more detailed zones.
+# Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC),
+# Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH)
+Zone America/Rosario	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1894 Nov
+			-4:16:44 -	CMT	1920 May
+			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Jul
+			-3:00	-	ART	1999 Oct  3  0:00
+			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3  0:00
+			-3:00	-	ART
+
+# St Kitts-Nevis
+Zone America/St_Kitts	-4:10:52 -	LMT	1912 Mar  2 # Basseterre
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# St Lucia
+Zone America/St_Lucia	-4:04:00 -	LMT	1890 # Castries
+			-4:04:00 -	CMT	1912 # Castries Mean Time
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# Virgin Is
+Zone America/St_Thomas	-4:19:44 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# St Vincent and the Grenadines
+Zone America/St_Vincent	-4:04:56 -	LMT	1890 # Kingstown
+			-4:04:56 -	KMT	1912 # Kingstown Mean Time
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# British Virgin Is
+Zone America/Tortola	-4:18:28 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Road Town
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
+Zone Antarctica/McMurdo	0	-	-00	1956
+			12:00	NZ	NZ%sT
+Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
+
+# Yemen
+# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
+# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
+Zone	Asia/Aden	2:59:54	-	LMT	1950
+			3:00	-	AST
+
+# Bahrain
+Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920     # Manamah
+			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
+			3:00	-	AST
+
+# India
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
+# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 305 says that Madras
+# civil time was 5:20:57.3.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-21):
+# In tomorrow's The Hindu, Nitya Menon reports that India had two civil time
+# zones starting in 1884, one in Bombay and one in Calcutta, and that railways
+# used a third time zone based on Madras time (80 deg. 18'30" E).  Also,
+# in 1881 Bombay briefly switched to Madras time, but switched back.  See:
+# http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madras-375-when-madras-clocked-the-time/article6339393.ece
+#Zone	  Asia/Chennai  [not enough info to complete]
+
+# China
+# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
+# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
+# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
+# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
+# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
+Zone	Asia/Chongqing	7:06:20	-	LMT	1928     # or Chungking
+			7:00	-	LONT	1980 May # Long-shu Time
+			8:00	PRC	C%sT
+Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking
+
+# Vietnam
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
+# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for this data.
+# Trần's book says the 1954-55 transition to 07:00 in Hanoi was in
+# October 1954, with exact date and time unspecified.
+Zone	Asia/Hanoi	7:03:24 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
+			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
+			7:00	-	ICT	1942 Dec 31 23:00
+			8:00	-	IDT	1945 Mar 14 23:00
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
+			7:00	-	ICT	1947 Apr  1
+			8:00	-	IDT	1954 Oct
+			7:00	-	ICT
+
+# China
+# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
+# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
+Zone	Asia/Harbin	8:26:44	-	LMT	1928     # or Haerbin
+			8:30	-	CHAT	1932 Mar # Changbai Time
+			8:00	-	CST	1940
+			9:00	-	CHAT	1966 May
+			8:30	-	CHAT	1980 May
+			8:00	PRC	C%sT
+
+# far west China
+Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928     # or Kashi or Kaxgar
+			5:30	-	KAST	1940     # Kashgar Time
+			5:00	-	KAST	1980 May
+			8:00	PRC	C%sT
+
+# Kuwait
+Zone	Asia/Kuwait	3:11:56 -	LMT	1950
+			3:00	-	AST
+
+
+# Oman
+# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.
+Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
+			4:00	-	GST
+
+# India
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
+# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
+# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# Portuguese India switched to UT +05 on 1912-01-01.
+#Zone	Asia/Panaji	[not enough info to complete]
+
+# Cambodia
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11):
+# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data.  Also, guess
+# (1) Cambodia reverted to UT +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did, and
+# (2) they also reverted to +07 on 1953-11-09, the date of independence.
+# These guesses are probably wrong but they're better than guessing no
+# transitions there.
+Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
+			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
+			7:00	-	ICT	1942 Dec 31 23:00
+			8:00	-	IDT	1945 Mar 14 23:00
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
+			7:00	-	ICT	1947 Apr  1
+			8:00	-	IDT	1953 Nov  9
+			7:00	-	ICT
+
+# Israel
+Zone	Asia/Tel_Aviv	2:19:04 -	LMT	1880
+			2:21	-	JMT	1918
+			2:00	Zion	I%sT
+
+# Laos
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11):
+# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data.
+# Trần's book says that Laos reverted to UT +07 on 1955-04-15.
+# Also, guess that Laos reverted to +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did;
+# this is probably wrong but it's better than guessing no transition.
+Zone	Asia/Vientiane	6:50:24 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
+			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
+			7:00	-	ICT	1942 Dec 31 23:00
+			8:00	-	IDT	1945 Mar 14 23:00
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
+			7:00	-	ICT	1947 Apr  1
+			8:00	-	IDT	1955 Apr 15
+			7:00	-	ICT
+
+# Jan Mayen
+# From Whitman:
+Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen	-1:00	-	EGT
+
+# St Helena
+Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890 # Jamestown
+			-0:22:48 -	JMT	1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+
+# Northern Ireland
+Zone	Europe/Belfast	-0:23:40 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
+			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21  2:00
+						# DMT = Dublin/Dunsink MT
+			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1  2:00s
+						# IST = Irish Summer Time
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
+			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
+			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
+
+# Guernsey
+# Data from Joseph S. Myers
+# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html
+# References to be added
+# LMT Location - 49.27N -2.33E - St.Peter Port
+Zone	Europe/Guernsey	-0:09:19 -	LMT	1913 Jun 18
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1940 Jul  2
+			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
+			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
+			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
+
+# Isle of Man
+#
+# From Lester Caine (2013-09-04):
+# The Isle of Man legislation is now on-line at
+# , starting with the original Statutory
+# Time Act in 1883 and including additional confirmation of some of
+# the dates of the 'Summer Time' orders originating at
+# Westminster.  There is a little uncertainty as to the starting date
+# of the first summer time in 1916 which may have be announced a
+# couple of days late.  There is still a substantial number of
+# documents to work through, but it is thought that every GB change
+# was also implemented on the island.
+#
+# AT4 of 1883 - The Statutory Time et cetera Act 1883 -
+# LMT Location - 54.1508N -4.4814E - Tynwald Hill ( Manx parliament )
+Zone Europe/Isle_of_Man	-0:17:55 -	LMT	1883 Mar 30  0:00s
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
+			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
+			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
+
+# Jersey
+# Data from Joseph S. Myers
+# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html
+# References to be added
+# LMT Location - 49.187N -2.107E - St. Helier
+Zone	Europe/Jersey	-0:08:25 -	LMT	1898 Jun 11 16:00u
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1940 Jul  2
+			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
+			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
+			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
+			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
+
+# Slovenia
+Zone Europe/Ljubljana	0:58:04	-	LMT	1884
+			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
+			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
+
+# Bosnia and Herzegovina
+Zone	Europe/Sarajevo	1:13:40	-	LMT	1884
+			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
+			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
+
+# Macedonia
+Zone	Europe/Skopje	1:25:44	-	LMT	1884
+			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
+			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
+
+# Moldova / Transnistria
+Zone	Europe/Tiraspol	1:58:32	-	LMT	1880
+			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
+			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
+			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
+			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00
+			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00
+			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD
+
+# Liechtenstein
+Zone	Europe/Vaduz	0:38:04 -	LMT	1894 Jun
+			1:00	-	CET	1981
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
+
+# Croatia
+Zone	Europe/Zagreb	1:03:52	-	LMT	1884
+			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
+			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
+
+# Madagascar
+Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
+			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
+			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Comoros
+Zone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Mayotte
+Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# US minor outlying islands
+Zone Pacific/Johnston	-10:00	-	HST
+
+# US minor outlying islands
+#
+# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
+# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
+# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
+# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly
+# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
+# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast.  As it uses some time zone
+# designations that I've never seen before:....
+# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I.   H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
+#  "   3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A  "
+#
+Zone Pacific/Midway	-11:49:28 -	LMT	1901
+			-11:00	-	NST	1956 Jun  3
+			-11:00	1:00	NDT	1956 Sep  2
+			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr    # N=Nome
+			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
+			-11:00	-	SST	            # S=Samoa
+
+# N Mariana Is
+Zone Pacific/Saipan	-14:17:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
+			 9:43:00 -	LMT	1901
+			 9:00	-	MPT	1969 Oct    # N Mariana Is Time
+			10:00	-	MPT	2000 Dec 23
+			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time
Index: vendor/tzdata/dist/checklinks.awk
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/dist/checklinks.awk	(nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/dist/checklinks.awk	(revision 308265)
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Check links in tz tables.
+
+# Contributed by Paul Eggert.  This file is in the public domain.
+
+BEGIN {
+    # Special marker indicating that the name is defined as a Zone.
+    # It is a newline so that it cannot match a valid name.
+    # It is not null so that its slot does not appear unset.
+    Zone = "\n"
+}
+
+/^Zone/ {
+    if (defined[$2]) {
+	if (defined[$2] == Zone) {
+	    printf "%s: Zone has duplicate definition\n", $2
+	} else {
+	    printf "%s: Link with same name as Zone\n", $2
+	}
+	status = 1
+    }
+    defined[$2] = Zone
+}
+
+/^Link/ {
+    if (defined[$3]) {
+	if (defined[$3] == Zone) {
+	    printf "%s: Link with same name as Zone\n", $3
+	} else if (defined[$3] == $2) {
+	    printf "%s: Link has duplicate definition\n", $3
+	} else {
+	    printf "%s: Link to both %s and %s\n", $3, defined[$3], $2
+	}
+	status = 1
+    }
+    used[$2] = 1
+    defined[$3] = $2
+}
+
+END {
+    for (tz in used) {
+	if (defined[tz] != Zone) {
+	    printf "%s: Link to non-zone\n", tz
+	    status = 1
+	}
+    }
+
+    exit status
+}

Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/dist/checklinks.awk
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:keywords
## -0,0 +1 ##
+FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: vendor/tzdata/dist/checktab.awk
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/dist/checktab.awk	(nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/dist/checktab.awk	(revision 308265)
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+# Check tz tables for consistency.
+
+# Contributed by Paul Eggert.  This file is in the public domain.
+
+BEGIN {
+	FS = "\t"
+
+	if (!iso_table) iso_table = "iso3166.tab"
+	if (!zone_table) zone_table = "zone1970.tab"
+	if (!want_warnings) want_warnings = -1
+
+	while (getline >"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		}
+		cc = $1
+		name = $2
+		if (cc !~ /^[A-Z][A-Z]$/) {
+			printf "%s:%d: invalid country code '%s'\n", \
+				iso_table, iso_NR, cc >>"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		}
+		if (cc <= cc0) {
+			if (cc == cc0) {
+				s = "duplicate";
+			} else {
+				s = "out of order";
+			}
+
+			printf "%s:%d: country code '%s' is %s\n", \
+				iso_table, iso_NR, cc, s \
+				>>"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		}
+		cc0 = cc
+		if (name2cc[name]) {
+			printf "%s:%d: '%s' and '%s' have the same name\n", \
+				iso_table, iso_NR, name2cc[name], cc \
+				>>"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		}
+		name2cc[name] = cc
+		cc2name[cc] = name
+		cc2NR[cc] = iso_NR
+	}
+
+	cc0 = ""
+
+	while (getline >"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		}
+		split($1, cca, /,/)
+		cc = cca[1]
+		coordinates = $2
+		tz = $3
+		comments = $4
+		if (cc < cc0) {
+			printf "%s:%d: country code '%s' is out of order\n", \
+				zone_table, zone_NR, cc >>"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		}
+		cc0 = cc
+		tztab[tz] = 1
+		tz2comments[tz] = comments
+		tz2NR[tz] = zone_NR
+		for (i in cca) {
+		    cc = cca[i]
+		    cctz = cc tz
+		    cctztab[cctz] = 1
+		    if (cc2name[cc]) {
+			cc_used[cc]++
+		    } else {
+			printf "%s:%d: %s: unknown country code\n", \
+				zone_table, zone_NR, cc >>"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		    }
+		}
+		if (coordinates !~ /^[-+][0-9][0-9][0-5][0-9][-+][01][0-9][0-9][0-5][0-9]$/ \
+		    && coordinates !~ /^[-+][0-9][0-9][0-5][0-9][0-5][0-9][-+][01][0-9][0-9][0-5][0-9][0-5][0-9]$/) {
+			printf "%s:%d: %s: invalid coordinates\n", \
+				zone_table, zone_NR, coordinates >>"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (cctz in cctztab) {
+		cc = substr (cctz, 1, 2)
+		tz = substr (cctz, 3)
+		if (1 < cc_used[cc]) {
+			comments_needed[tz] = cc
+		}
+	}
+	for (cctz in cctztab) {
+	  cc = substr (cctz, 1, 2)
+	  tz = substr (cctz, 3)
+	  if (!comments_needed[tz] && tz2comments[tz]) {
+	    printf "%s:%d: unnecessary comment '%s'\n", \
+		zone_table, tz2NR[tz], tz2comments[tz] \
+		>>"/dev/stderr"
+	    tz2comments[tz] = 0
+	    status = 1
+	  } else if (comments_needed[tz] && !tz2comments[tz]) {
+	    printf "%s:%d: missing comment for %s\n", \
+	      zone_table, tz2NR[tz], comments_needed[tz] \
+	      >>"/dev/stderr"
+	    tz2comments[tz] = 1
+	    status = 1
+	  }
+	}
+	FS = " "
+}
+
+$1 ~ /^#/ { next }
+
+{
+	tz = rules = ""
+	if ($1 == "Zone") {
+		tz = $2
+		ruleUsed[$4] = 1
+	} else if ($1 == "Link" && zone_table == "zone.tab") {
+		# Ignore Link commands if source and destination basenames
+		# are identical, e.g. Europe/Istanbul versus Asia/Istanbul.
+		src = $2
+		dst = $3
+		while ((i = index(src, "/"))) src = substr(src, i+1)
+		while ((i = index(dst, "/"))) dst = substr(dst, i+1)
+		if (src != dst) tz = $3
+	} else if ($1 == "Rule") {
+		ruleDefined[$2] = 1
+	} else {
+		ruleUsed[$2] = 1
+	}
+	if (tz && tz ~ /\//) {
+		if (!tztab[tz]) {
+			printf "%s: no data for '%s'\n", zone_table, tz \
+				>>"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		}
+		zoneSeen[tz] = 1
+	}
+}
+
+END {
+	for (tz in ruleDefined) {
+		if (!ruleUsed[tz]) {
+			printf "%s: Rule never used\n", tz
+			status = 1
+		}
+	}
+	for (tz in tztab) {
+		if (!zoneSeen[tz]) {
+			printf "%s:%d: no Zone table for '%s'\n", \
+				zone_table, tz2NR[tz], tz >>"/dev/stderr"
+			status = 1
+		}
+	}
+	if (0 < want_warnings) {
+		for (cc in cc2name) {
+			if (!cc_used[cc]) {
+				printf "%s:%d: warning: " \
+					"no Zone entries for %s (%s)\n", \
+					iso_table, cc2NR[cc], cc, cc2name[cc]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	exit status
+}

Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/dist/checktab.awk
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:keywords
## -0,0 +1 ##
+FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: vendor/tzdata/dist/europe
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/dist/europe	(revision 308264)
+++ vendor/tzdata/dist/europe	(revision 308265)
@@ -1,3762 +1,3775 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
 #
 # Other sources occasionally used include:
 #
 #	Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 #	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
 #	which I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 #	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
 #	
 #	[PDF] (1914-03)
 #
 #	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
 #	.  He writes:
 #	"It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
 #	may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
 #	Savile Row, London."  Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
 #
 #	Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
 #	This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
 #	http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
 #	The full Russian citation is:
 #	Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
 #	введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
 #	июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
 #	Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
 #	http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
 #
 #	Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
 #	History of Summer Time
 #	
 #	(1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
 
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #                   std dst  2dst
 #                   LMT           Local Mean Time
 #       -4:00       AST ADT       Atlantic
 #       -3:00       WGT WGST      Western Greenland*
 #       -1:00       EGT EGST      Eastern Greenland*
 #        0:00       GMT BST  BDST Greenwich, British Summer
 #        0:00       GMT IST       Greenwich, Irish Summer
 #        0:00       WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
 #        0:19:32.13 AMT NST       Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
 #        0:20       NET NEST      Netherlands (1937-1940)*
 #        1:00       BST           British Standard (1968-1971)
 #        1:00       CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
 #        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*
 #        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe
 #        3:00       MSK MSD       Moscow
 
 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
 # ...
 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
 # ...
 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
 # in the Directive.
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
 
 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
 #
 # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
 # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
 # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
 # of the text said:
 #
 # 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
 # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
 # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
 # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
 # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
 # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
 # along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
 #
 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
 # position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should
 # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
 #
 # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
 #
 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
 # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
 # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
 # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
 # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
 # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
 # (though not all) railways used London time.  On 1847-09-22 the
 # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
 # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
 # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
 # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
 # railways as using GMT.  By 1855 the vast majority of public
 # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
 # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
 # one for local time and one for GMT).  The last major holdout was the legal
 # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
 # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
 # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
 # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
 #
 # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
 # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01.  We don't know as much
 # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):
 # The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time
 # informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
 # Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
 # New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
 # whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
 # after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
 # In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
 # that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift.  See:
 # Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg.
 # Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734
 # http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
 # Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal
 # did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.
 #
 # In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
 # who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
 # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
 # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
 # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
 # subscription and open to the public.  On the south face of the monolith,
 # designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
 # which is permanently set to Summer Time.
 
 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
 # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
 # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
 # foundations of civilization throughout the world.
 #	-- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
 #	republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
 #	http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
 # The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see:
 # Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press
 # ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
 
 # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
 # From: Jonathan Leffler
 # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
 # politics making a fortune, not computing.
 
 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
 # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
 # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time.  Look for the published
 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
 
 # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
 # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
 # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
 # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
 
 # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
 # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
 # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
 
 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
 # which is to be introduced in May....
 # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
 # which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
 # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
 # so we use 'BDST'.
 
 # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
 # and extending this list, which can be found in
 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
 
 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
 #
 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech
 # http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 #
 # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
 #
 # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
 # are incorrect:
 #     * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
 #	1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
 #     * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
 # It actually just had one transition.
 #     * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
 # Actually, it conformed to Britain.
 #     * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
 #
 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
 #     * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
 #	to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
 #	conform with Great Britain.
 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
 #
 # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
 # we'll ignore it for now.
 #     * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
 #
 #
 # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
 # Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
 # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
 # to London.  For example:
 #
 #   "Timeball on the ballast office is down.  Dunsink time."
 #   -- James Joyce, Ulysses
 
 # "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
 # was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
 # would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'.  She claimed
 # Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
 # -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
 # Irish Times 2014-10-27.
 # http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
 
 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
 # Irish laws are available online at .
 # These include various relating to legal time, for example:
 #
 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
 #
 # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
 # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
 #
 # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
 # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
 # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
 #
 # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
 # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
 # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
 #
 # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
 # .]
 #
 # (These are those I found, but there could be more.  In any case these
 # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
 # the laws applicable in Ireland.)
 #
 # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
 # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
 # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
 # being GMT+1.)
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
 # Clive Feather (, 1997-03-31)
 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
 # Julian Hill (, 1998-09-30) reports that
 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
 # and Frethun run in CT.
 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
 
 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC.
 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Summer Time Act, 1916
 Rule	GB-Eire	1916	only	-	May	21	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
 Rule	GB-Eire	1917	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
 Rule	GB-Eire	1918	only	-	Mar	24	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1918	only	-	Sep	30	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
 Rule	GB-Eire	1919	only	-	Mar	30	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1919	only	-	Sep	29	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
 Rule	GB-Eire	1920	only	-	Mar	28	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
 Rule	GB-Eire	1920	only	-	Oct	25	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
 Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
 Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Mar	26	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	2:00s	0	GMT
 # The Summer Time Act, 1922
 Rule	GB-Eire	1923	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1923	1924	-	Sep	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT
 Rule	GB-Eire	1924	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1925	1926	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # The Summer Time Act, 1925
 Rule	GB-Eire	1925	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
 Rule	GB-Eire	1927	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1928	1929	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1930	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1931	1932	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1933	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1934	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1935	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1936	1937	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1938	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
 Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Nov	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
 Rule	GB-Eire	1940	only	-	Feb	Sun>=23	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
 Rule	GB-Eire	1941	only	-	May	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1941	1943	-	Aug	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST
 # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
 Rule	GB-Eire	1942	1944	-	Apr	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
 # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
 Rule	GB-Eire	1944	only	-	Sep	Sun>=16	1:00s	1:00	BST
 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
 Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Apr	Mon>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Jul	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST
 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
 Rule	GB-Eire	1945	1946	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
 Rule	GB-Eire	1946	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # The Summer Time Act, 1947
 Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Mar	16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Apr	13	1:00s	2:00	BDST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Aug	10	1:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Nov	 2	2:00s	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1948	only	-	Oct	31	2:00s	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1949	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1949	only	-	Oct	30	2:00s	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
 # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
 # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1952	-	Apr	Sun>=14	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1952	-	Oct	Sun>=21	2:00s	0	GMT
 # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
 Rule	GB-Eire	1953	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1953	1960	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
 Rule	GB-Eire	1954	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1955	1956	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1957	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1958	1959	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1960	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
 # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
 # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1963	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
 # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
 # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
 # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1964	1967	-	Mar	Sun>=19	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1968	only	-	Feb	18	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # The British Standard Time Act, 1968
 #	(no summer time)
 # The Summer Time Act, 1972
 Rule	GB-Eire	1972	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1972	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
 # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
 # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
 # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1981	1995	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire 1981	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00u	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
 Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00u	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
 # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
 #
 # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1  0:00s
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
 			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
 			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
 Link	Europe/London	Europe/Jersey
 Link	Europe/London	Europe/Guernsey
 Link	Europe/London	Europe/Isle_of_Man
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:00 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
 			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21  2:00
 			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1  2:00s
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1921 Dec  6 # independence
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1940 Feb 25  2:00
 			 0:00	1:00	IST	1946 Oct  6  2:00
 			 0:00	-	GMT	1947 Mar 16  2:00
 			 0:00	1:00	IST	1947 Nov  2  2:00
 			 0:00	-	GMT	1948 Apr 18  2:00
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1968 Oct 27
 			 1:00	-	IST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1996
 			 0:00	EU	GMT/IST
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Europe
 
 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
 # Common Market, etc.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	EU	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	EU	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule	EU	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule	EU	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule	EU	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	EU	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002.  See:
 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
 # http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
 
 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
 Rule	W-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	W-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	W-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	W-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	W-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	W-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
 
 # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
 # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
 Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1940	only	-	Apr	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Oct	 2	 2:00s	0	-
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
 #
 # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
 # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
 # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
 # tz database itself, as seen below:
 #
 # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15  0:01
 #    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16  3:00
 #
 # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
 #    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16  3:00
 #
 # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
 #    1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16  2:00s
 #
 # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16  3:00 0 -
 # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -
 # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
 #
 # The rule line to be changed is:
 #
 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00 0 -
 #
 # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
 # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time.  However there are no
 # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
 # affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms
 # CET and MET:
 #
 # Zone CET  1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
 # Zone MET  1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
 #
 # It this is right then the corrected version would look like:
 #
 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -
 #
 # A small step for mankind though 8-)
 Rule	C-Eur	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 
 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
 Rule	E-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	E-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	E-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	E-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	E-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 
 
 # Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union
 #
 # The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23).
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST  # Moscow Summer Time
 #
 # Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137
 Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT  # Moscow Mean Time
 #
 # Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001
 Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
 Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	1:00	MST
 #
 # Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949
 Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	MDST
 #
 Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 0:00u	1:00	MSD
 Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	MSK
 #
 # Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	MSD
 #
 # Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	+05
 #
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	MSD
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
 Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Russia	1981	1983	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
 # Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
 Rule	Russia	1984	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Russia	1985	2010	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 #
 Rule	Russia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 # As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
 
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
 # Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of
 # Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the
 # Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227.
 #
 # I did not find full texts of these acts.  For the 1989 one we have
 # title at http://base.garant.ru/70754136/ :
 # "About change in calculation of time on the territories of
 # Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan,
 # Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts".
 # And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to
 # contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules
 # of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov
 # oblasts.  Since last Sunday of March 1989:
 # a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast:
 # second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1);
 # b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt
 # rules (Moscow time)
 # c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1).
 
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
 # Unamended version of the act of the
 # Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992
 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0
 # says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday
 # of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September
 # at 3 hours.  It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
 #
 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
 #
 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
 # to be standard.
 
 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	WET		0:00	EU	WE%sT
 Zone	CET		1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT
 Zone	MET		1:00	C-Eur	ME%sT
 Zone	EET		2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
 # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
 
 # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
 # The official German names ... are
 #
 #	Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ)         = UTC+01:00
 #	Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ)  = UTC+02:00
 #
 # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
 #
 #	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
 #	Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
 #	Postfach 3345
 #	D-38023 Braunschweig
 #	phone: +49 531 592-0
 #
 # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
 # department for time and frequency transmission.  He explained that the
 # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
 #
 #	Central European Time (CET)         = UTC+01:00
 #	Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
 
 
 # Albania
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Albania	1940	only	-	Jun	16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Apr	10	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	May	 8	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Apr	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1984	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Tirane	1:19:20 -	LMT	1914
 			1:00	-	CET	1940 Jun 16
 			1:00	Albania	CE%sT	1984 Jul
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Andorra
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Andorra	0:06:04 -	LMT	1901
 			0:00	-	WET	1946 Sep 30
 			1:00	-	CET	1985 Mar 31  2:00
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Austria
 
 # Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
 # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
 # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
 # date of 1945-04-12 with no time.  For the 1980-04-06 transition
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV,
 # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Sep	13	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Austria	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1946	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Austria	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:21 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1920
 			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1  2:00s
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00s
 			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Apr 12  2:00s
 			1:00	-	CET	1946
 			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Belarus
 #
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02):
 # http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm
 # (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from
 # 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00
 # on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September
 # (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations).
 #
 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
 # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
 #
 # Sources (Russian language):
 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
 # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
 #
 # From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
 # Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
 # http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
 			1:50	-	MMT	1924 May  2 # Minsk Mean Time
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 28
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul  3
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
 			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			3:00	-	+03
 
 # Belgium
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
 #	Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
 #	Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
 #	(Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
 #	pp 8-9.
 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
 #	Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Belgium	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1918	1919	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Oct	25	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1922	1927	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
 # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
 # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
 # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
 # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
 Rule	Belgium	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1928	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1929	only	-	Apr	21	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1930	only	-	Apr	13	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1931	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1932	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1933	only	-	Mar	26	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1934	only	-	Apr	 8	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1935	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1936	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1937	only	-	Apr	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1938	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Apr	16	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1944	only	-	Sep	17	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	May	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	 2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880
 			0:17:30	-	BMT	1892 May  1 12:00  # Brussels MT
 			0:00	-	WET	1914 Nov  8
 			1:00	-	CET	1916 May  1  0:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Nov 11 11:00u
 			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 20  2:00s
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep  3
 			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Bosnia and Herzegovina
 # See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Bulgaria
 #
 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says:
 # EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
 # EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Mar	31	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Bulg	1980	only	-	Sep	29	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Bulg	1981	only	-	Sep	27	 2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Sofia	1:33:16 -	LMT	1880
 			1:56:56	-	IMT	1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
 			2:00	-	EET	1942 Nov  2  3:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			1:00	-	CET	1945 Apr  2  3:00
 			2:00	-	EET	1979 Mar 31 23:00
 			2:00	Bulg	EE%sT	1982 Sep 26  3:00
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Croatia
 # See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Cyprus
 # Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
 
 # Czech Republic
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Czech	1946	only	-	May	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Czech	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Czech	1947	only	-	Apr	20	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Czech	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Czech	1949	only	-	Apr	 9	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Prague	0:57:44 -	LMT	1850
 			0:57:44	-	PMT	1891 Oct    # Prague Mean Time
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 17  2:00s
 			1:00	Czech	CE%sT	1979
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
 
 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
 # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
 # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
 #
 # The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
 #
 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
 # in subsequent decrees with the law
 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
 #
 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980.  I have
 # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
 # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
 # 1980-09-28 at 02:00.  If this is true, this differs slightly from
 # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00.  We don't know
 # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
 # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
 # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
 # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
 # was suspended on that night):
 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
 # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
 # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
 # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	Sep	30	23:00	0	-
 Rule	Denmark	1940	only	-	May	15	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Aug	15	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	May	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	Sep	 1	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	May	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	May	 9	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	Aug	 8	 2:00s	0	-
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Copenhagen	 0:50:20 -	LMT	1890
 			 0:50:20 -	CMT	1894 Jan  1 # Copenhagen MT
 			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2  2:00s
 			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
 			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1980
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
 			 0:00	-	WET	1981
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
 # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
 # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
 # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01.  It therefore should have been using EU
 # rules at least through 1984.  Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
 # rules since at least 1991.  Assume EU rules since 1980.
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
 #  (2001-03-15),
 # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
 #
 # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
 # is according to the following time line:
 #
 # The military zone near Thule	UTC-4
 # Standard Greenland time	UTC-3
 # Scoresbysund			UTC-1
 # Danmarkshavn			UTC
 #
 # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
 # introduced.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
 #
 # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
 # the time to clarify the situation in Thule.  Unfortunately, I have
 # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter.  [But I have
 # info from earlier correspondence.]
 #
 # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
 # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
 # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
 #
 # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
 # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
 # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
 # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
 # email.  The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
 # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
 # DPC research station at Zackenberg.
 #
 # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
 # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb).
 #
 # The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it
 # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
 #
 # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
 # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
 # maintaining traffic in these areas.  However, the official status of
 # this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time.  This area might be
 # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
 # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
 # there at 2:00 AM.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
 # the 1995 map as like Godthåb.
 # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996.
 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
 
 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
 # "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named
 # "National Park" by Executive Order:
 # http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf
 # It is their only National Park.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
 			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6  2:00
 			-3:00	EU	WG%sT	1996
 			0:00	-	GMT
 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
 			-2:00	-	CGT	1980 Apr  6  2:00
 			-2:00	C-Eur	CG%sT	1981 Mar 29
 			-1:00	EU	EG%sT
 Zone America/Godthab	-3:26:56 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
 			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6  2:00
 			-3:00	EU	WG%sT
 Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
 			-4:00	Thule	A%sT
 
 # Estonia
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 #
 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
 #
 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
 # "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
 # human physiology.  It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
 # summer time next spring."
 
 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
 # http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
 #
 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
 
 # From The Baltic Times  (1999-09-09)
 # via Steffen Thorsen:
 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
 # Union are still unclear.  In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
 # for all member states until 2001.  Brussels has yet to decide what to do
 # after that.
 
 # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
 # Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
 # No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
 # the year round.  The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
 
 # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
 # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
 # Now we are using again EU rules.
 #
 # From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
 			1:39:00	-	TMT	1918 Feb    # Tallinn Mean Time
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1919 Jul
 			1:39:00	-	TMT	1921 May
 			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  6
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 15
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 22
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep 24  2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998 Sep 22
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	1999 Oct 31  4:00
 			2:00	-	EET	2002 Feb 21
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Finland
 
 # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
 # and it's supposed to change at 4am...
 
 # From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
 #
 # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
 # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
 # earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
 # according to the central European standards.
 #
 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
 # Finnish) at
 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
 #
 # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
 # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
 #
 # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
 # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
 #
 # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
 # exist tonight."
 
 # From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):
 # [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
 # pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
 # say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
 # 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
 # mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
 # On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
 # Go with Oja over Shanks.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	2	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Oct	4	1:00	0	-
 Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
 
 # Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
 # round to nearest.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Helsinki	1:39:49 -	LMT	1878 May 31
 			1:39:49	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
 			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1983
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Åland Is
 Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn
 
 
 # France
 
 # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
 #
 # Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions
 # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
 #
 # Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel,
 # Paris, 1991
 #
 # Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie,
 # Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987
 
 
 #
 # Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	France	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1921	only	-	Oct	25	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
 # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
 # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
 # were Apr 12 and Oct 5.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	France	1922	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1923	only	-	May	26	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1930	only	-	Apr	12	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1933	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
 # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
 # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez,
 # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La
 # Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
 # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
 # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois,
 # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
 Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
 # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
 # who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
 Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	2:00	M
 Rule	France	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	2:00	M
 Rule	France	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00	2:00	M
 Rule	France	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	2:00	M
 Rule	France	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 3:00	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
 # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
 Rule	France	1976	only	-	Mar	28	 1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1976	only	-	Sep	26	 1:00	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
 # Go with Howse.  Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
 			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01 # Paris MT
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
 			0:00	France	WE%sT	1940 Jun 14 23:00
 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 25
 			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16  3:00
 			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Germany
 
 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
 
 # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
 # http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
 # this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04.
 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Germany	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
 # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Go with the PTB.
 Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	3:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	May	11	2:00s	2:00	M
 Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Jun	29	3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Germany	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Germany	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S
 
 Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
 Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S
 Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Berlin	0:53:28 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May 24  2:00
 			1:00 SovietZone	CE%sT	1946
 			1:00	Germany	CE%sT	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
 # Büsingen , surrounded by the Swiss canton
 # Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
 # (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
 # DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
 # which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
 #
 # Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
 # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
 # Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
 
 Link	Europe/Zurich	Europe/Busingen
 
 # Georgia
 # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
 # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
 # is in Europe.  Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
 
 # Gibraltar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2  0:00s
 			0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1957 Apr 14  2:00
 			1:00	-	CET	1982
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Greece
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Greece	1941	only	-	Apr	 7	0:00	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Greece	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Apr	12	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Nov	26	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Apr	11	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Oct	10	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1977	only	-	Sep	26	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1978	only	-	Sep	24	4:00	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Apr	 1	9:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Sep	29	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Athens	1:34:52 -	LMT	1895 Sep 14
 			1:34:52	-	AMT	1916 Jul 28  0:01 # Athens MT
 			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1941 Apr 30
 			1:00	Greece	CE%sT	1944 Apr  4
 			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1981
 			# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
 			# go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Hungary
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
 # Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
 # Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945.
 # National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29).
 # http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html
 # This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks
 # & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates).
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Apr	 1	 3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Apr	15	 3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Nov	24	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	May	 1	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1946	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=4	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Oct	23	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	May	23	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	 1:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Budapest	1:16:20 -	LMT	1890 Oct
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918
 			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1941 Apr  8
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1980 Sep 28  2:00s
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Iceland
 #
 # From Adam David (1993-11-06):
 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
 #
 # (1993-12-05):
 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
 # Iceland Almanak.
 #
 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
 #
 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland.  The first day of winter is always
 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
 #
 # (1993-12-10):
 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
 #	the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
 #	(old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
 # might mean something else (???).
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22):
 # The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see
 # http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Iceland	1917	1919	-	Feb	19	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Iceland	1917	only	-	Oct	21	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1918	1919	-	Nov	16	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1921	only	-	Mar	19	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Iceland	1921	only	-	Jun	23	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Apr	29	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Oct	29	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Iceland	1940	1941	-	Nov	Sun>=2	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1941	1942	-	Mar	Sun>=2	 1:00s	1:00	S
 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
 Rule	Iceland	1943	1946	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Iceland	1942	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
 Rule	Iceland	1947	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
 # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
 Rule	Iceland	1949	only	-	Oct	30	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1950	1966	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1967	only	-	Oct	29	 1:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:28	-	LMT	1908
 			-1:00	Iceland	IS%sT	1968 Apr  7  1:00s
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Italy
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
 # so record only the time in Rome.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
-# F. Pollastri
-# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
-# http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html
-# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
-# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
+# From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24):
+# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10
+# ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into
+# force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in
+# the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...."
 #
-# year	FP	Shanks&P. (S)	Whitman (W)	Go with:
-# 1916	06-03	06-03 24:00	06-03 00:00	FP & W
-#	09-30	09-30 24:00	09-30 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1917	04-01	03-31 24:00	03-31 00:00	FP & S
-#	09-30	09-29 24:00	09-30 01:00	FP & W
-# 1918	03-09	03-09 24:00	03-09 00:00	FP & S
-#	10-06	10-05 24:00	10-06 01:00	FP & W
-# 1919	03-01	03-01 24:00	03-01 00:00	FP & S
-#	10-04	10-04 24:00	10-04 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1920	03-20	03-20 24:00	03-20 00:00	FP & S
-#	09-18	09-18 24:00	10-01 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1944	04-02	04-03 02:00			S (see C-Eur)
-#	09-16	10-02 03:00			FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1945	09-14	09-16 24:00			FP; guess 24:00s
-# 1970	05-21	05-31 00:00			S
-#	09-20	09-27 00:00			S
+# From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20):
+# The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological
+# institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at
+# http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml
+# (2016-10-24):
+# http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/
+# has still different data for 1944.  It divides Italy in two, as
+# there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic
+# Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south
+# of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies.
 #
+# From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23):
+# Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219.
+# Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ...
+# Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is
+# advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ...
+# Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27):
+# Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944
+# for the Kingdom of Italy.  This is consistent with Renzo Baldini.
+# Model Rome's occupation by using using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
+# to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it
+# was effectively controlled by Germany.
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Mar	10	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1918	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Mar	 2	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Mar	21	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Sep	19	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1940	only	-	Jun	15	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1944	only	-	Sep	17	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Sep	15	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Mar	17	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Mar	16	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Feb	29	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1966	1968	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1966	1969	-	Sep	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1969	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	May	31	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1971	1972	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1971	only	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1972	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1973	1974	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1974	only	-	May	26	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1975	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1975	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1976	only	-	May	30	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1977	1979	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Jun	 3	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1916	1917	-	Sep	30	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Mar	31	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Oct	 6	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Oct	 4	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Sep	18	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1940	only	-	Jun	14	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1944	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1944	only	-	Sep	17	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Sep	15	 1:00	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Mar	17	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Oct	 6	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Mar	16	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Oct	 5	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Feb	29	 2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Oct	 3	 2:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1966	1968	-	May	Sun>=22	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1966	only	-	Sep	24	24:00	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1967	1969	-	Sep	Sun>=22	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1969	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	May	31	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1971	1972	-	May	Sun>=22	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1971	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1972	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1973	1974	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1974	only	-	May	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1975	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1975	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1976	only	-	May	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1977	1979	-	May	Sun>=22	 0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Italy	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Italy	1979	only	-	Sep	30	 0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Rome	0:49:56 -	LMT	1866 Sep 22
-			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov  1  0:00s # Rome Mean
-			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2  2:00s
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul
+			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean
+			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1943 Sep 10
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jun  4
 			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/Vatican
 Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/San_Marino
 
 # Latvia
 
 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
 
 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
 #
 # Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
 # according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
 #
 # Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
 # according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
 # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
 #
 # Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
 # according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
 # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
 # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
 # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward.  The end of
 # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
 # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
 #
 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
 # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
 
 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
 # 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) ,
 # in Latvian for subscribers only).
 
 # From RFE/RL Newsline
 # http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html
 # (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
 # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
 # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
 # clocks one hour in the spring....
 # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few
 # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
 # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
 # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
 # appears that they will not do so....
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 
 # Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34.
 # Go with Byalokoz.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Riga	1:36:34	-	LMT	1880
 			1:36:34	-	RMT	1918 Apr 15  2:00 # Riga MT
 			1:36:34	1:00	LST	1918 Sep 16  3:00 # Latvian ST
 			1:36:34	-	RMT	1919 Apr  1  2:00
 			1:36:34	1:00	LST	1919 May 22  3:00
 			1:36:34	-	RMT	1926 May 11
 			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  5
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jul
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct 13
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar lastSun  2:00s
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep lastSun  2:00s
 			2:00	Latvia	EE%sT	1997 Jan 21
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2000 Feb 29
 			2:00	-	EET	2001 Jan  2
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Liechtenstein
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
 
 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18):
 # http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf
 # ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942.
 # I ... translate only the last two paragraphs:
 #    ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein
 #    introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland.  From 1943 on
 #    central European time was in force throughout the year.
 #    From a report of the duke's government to the high council,
 #    regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977.
 
 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
 
 
 # Lithuania
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
 
 # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
 
 # From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) ,
 # via Steffen Thorsen:
 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
 # to be valid here starting from October 31,
 # as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
 # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
 # already done by Estonia.
 
 # From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
 #  (2000-03-27):
 # Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
 
 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
 # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
 # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
 # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
 # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
 # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
 # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
 
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Vilnius	1:41:16	-	LMT	1880
 			1:24:00	-	WMT	1917        # Warsaw Mean Time
 			1:35:36	-	KMT	1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
 			1:00	-	CET	1920 Jul 12
 			2:00	-	EET	1920 Oct  9
 			1:00	-	CET	1940 Aug  3
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 24
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998
 			2:00	-	EET	1998 Mar 29  1:00u
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT	1999 Oct 31  1:00u
 			2:00	-	EET	2003 Jan  1
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Luxembourg
 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Apr	28	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Sep	17	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Oct	 5	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Oct	24	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Oct	26	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1924	1928	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1925	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Luxembourg	0:24:36 -	LMT	1904 Jun
 			1:00	Lux	CE%sT	1918 Nov 25
 			0:00	Lux	WE%sT	1929 Oct  6  2:00s
 			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 14  3:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	WE%sT	1944 Sep 18  3:00
 			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Macedonia
 # See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Malta
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21):
+# Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks.
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Mar	31	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Sep	29	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Apr	21	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Sep	16	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Malta	1975	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Malta	1975	1980	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Malta	1980	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2  0:00s # Valletta
-			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2  2:00s
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00s
 			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1973 Mar 31
 			1:00	Malta	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Moldova
 
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
 # the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04
 # http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2
 # ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR
 # time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt
 # plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be
 # adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer"
 # time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and
 # reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
 # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
 # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
 # But [two people] separately reported via
 # Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
 #
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
 # Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
 # "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
 # to the Winter Time).
 #
 # News (in Russian):
 # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
 #
 # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
 # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
 #
 # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
 # In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
 # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
 #
 # (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
 #
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
 # NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
 # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
 # decision to abolish DST this winter.
 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
 # News from Moldova (in russian):
 # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
 
 # From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02):
 # http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01):
 # The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that
 # 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time.  Also,
 # http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara
 # says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time.
 # Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Moldova	1997	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Moldova	1997	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1880
 			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
 			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
 			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990 May  6  2:00
 			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
 			2:00	Moldova	EE%sT
 
 # Monaco
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
 # more precise 0:09:21.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Monaco	0:29:32 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15
 			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
 			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16  3:00
 			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Montenegro
 # See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Netherlands
 
 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
 
 # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
 # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
 # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
 # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
 # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
 # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
 # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
 # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
 #
 # (2001-04-08):
 # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
 # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
 #
 # (2001-04-09):
 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
 # actually followed.
 #
 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
 # adopted Amsterdam mean time.
 #
 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
 # Amsterdam mean time.
 
 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from
-# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm
+# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time
 Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	AMT	# Amsterdam Mean Time
 Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Apr	16	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	AMT
 Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Apr	Mon>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Sep	lastMon	2:00s	0	AMT
 Rule	Neth	1922	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1922	1936	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	AMT
 Rule	Neth	1923	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1924	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1925	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
 Rule	Neth	1926	1931	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1932	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1933	1936	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Neth	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Neth	1938	1939	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
 #
 # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
 # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:32 -	LMT	1835
 			0:19:32	Neth	%s	1937 Jul  1
 			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16  0:00 # Dutch Time
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
 			1:00	Neth	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Norway
 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
 # Pottenger.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	May	22	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Norway	1959	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Norway	1959	1965	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Norway	1965	only	-	Apr	25	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
 			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1940 Aug 10 23:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
 			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Svalbard & Jan Mayen
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
 # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
 # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
 # time they were declared as parts of Norway.  Svalbard was declared
 # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
 # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
 #  and
 # ).  The law/regulation
 # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
 # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
 # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
 # ) I have not been
 # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
 # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by
 # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
 # since 1921.  Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
 # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
 # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
 #
 # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
 # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
 # keeping Berlin time.
 #
 #  says that the meteorologists
 # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
 # frequent air attacks from Germans.  In 1943 the Americans established a
 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City".  Possibly
 # the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
 # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
 #
 # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
 # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
 # ).  The Svalbard FAQ
 #  says that the Germans were
 # expelled on 1942-05-14.  However, small parties of Germans did return,
 # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
 # http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html
 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
 # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
 #
 # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
 # for these regions.
 Link	Europe/Oslo	Arctic/Longyearbyen
 
 # Poland
 
 # The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
 #  pp 1-2.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Poland	1918	1919	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1919	only	-	Apr	15	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Apr	29	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
 # Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
 # http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
 # Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
 # He also gives these further references:
 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) 
 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) 
 Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1957	only	-	Jun	 2	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1957	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1958	only	-	Mar	30	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1959	only	-	May	31	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1959	1961	-	Oct	Sun>=1	1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1960	only	-	Apr	 3	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1962	1964	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
 			1:24:00	-	WMT	1915 Aug  5 # Warsaw Mean Time
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Sep 16  3:00
 			2:00	Poland	EE%sT	1922 Jun
 			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1940 Jun 23  2:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
 			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1988
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Portugal
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
 # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 # Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
 # Round the old offset to -0:36:45.  This agrees with Willett but disagrees
 # with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for
 # Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira.
 #
 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
 #
 # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
 # at 02:00u, not 01:00u.  Assume that these are typos.
 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
 # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
 # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
 # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Jun	17	23:00	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Nov	 1	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Port	1917	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1917	1921	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1918	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1919	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1920	only	-	Feb	29	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1921	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1931	1932	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1934	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
 Rule	Port	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1940	only	-	Feb	24	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
 Rule	Port	1940	1941	-	Oct	 5	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1941	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Mar	Sat>=8	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Apr	25	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
 Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Aug	15	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Oct	Sat>=24	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1943	only	-	Apr	17	22:00s	2:00	M
 Rule	Port	1943	1945	-	Aug	Sat>=25	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1944	1945	-	Apr	Sat>=21	22:00s	2:00	M
 Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
 # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Mar	27	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Sep	25	 0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1978	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1979	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1980	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1983	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Lisbon	-0:36:45 -	LMT	1884
 			-0:36:45 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1 # Lisbon Mean Time
 			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Apr  3  2:00
 			 1:00	-	CET	1976 Sep 26  1:00
 			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
 			 0:00	W-Eur	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT	1996 Mar 31  1:00u
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 Zone Atlantic/Azores	-1:42:40 -	LMT	1884        # Ponta Delgada
 			-1:54:32 -	HMT	1912 Jan  1 # Horta Mean Time
 			-2:00	Port	AZO%sT	1966 Apr  3  2:00  # Azores Time
 			-1:00	Port	AZO%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
 			-1:00	W-Eur	AZO%sT	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Mar 28  1:00u
 			-1:00	EU	AZO%sT
 Zone Atlantic/Madeira	-1:07:36 -	LMT	1884        # Funchal
 			-1:07:36 -	FMT	1912 Jan  1 # Funchal Mean Time
 			-1:00	Port	MAD%sT	1966 Apr  3  2:00 # Madeira Time
 			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 
 # Romania
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
 # Nine O'clock 
 # (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998.  For lack of better info,
 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
 # the same year as Bulgaria.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Romania	1932	only	-	May	21	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1932	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Romania	1933	1939	-	Apr	Sun>=2	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	May	27	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
 			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29  2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
 			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1994
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 
 # Russia
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
 # Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011
 # (Government document
 # http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
 # in Russian)
 # there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
 # All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
 # by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
 
 # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
 # Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
 # http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
 # They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
 # Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
 # changed in September 2011:
 #
 # One source is
 # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
 # 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
 #
 # Another source is
 # http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
 # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
 # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
 # in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
 # does not contain any "effective date" information.
 #
 # Another source is
 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011...
 # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
 # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
 #
 # The Wikipedia article refers to
 # http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
 # which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
 #
 # Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
 # "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
 # with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
 # get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
 # Conradi notes).
 #
 # None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
 #
 # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
 # According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
 # http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
 # the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
 # winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones.  The new
 # regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
 # Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
 # 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
 # areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
 #
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
 # Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
 # http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
 # http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
 # http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
 # From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this:
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
 # are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
 # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
 # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
 #
 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
 #
 # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
 # 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
 # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
 #
 # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
 # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
 #
 # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
 # News - often false - is spread by word of mouth.  A rumor that it was
 # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
 # the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
 # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
 # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade.  I start with the
 # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
 # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
 # since September 1997....  Although the Kuril Islands are
 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
 # The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
 # with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
 # are covered by each zone.  They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
 # listing.  The region codes listed come from
 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
 # and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
 # future stability.  ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
 # divisions where available.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
 # Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
 # 39	RU-KGD	Kaliningrad Oblast
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
 # http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni
 # confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented.
 # (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that
 # summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But
 # 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.)
 # ...
 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
 # says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided
 # at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to
 # Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19.
 
 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			 2:00	Poland	CE%sT	1946
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	+03	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 2:00	-	EET
 
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and
 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Europe/Moscow covers...
 # 01	RU-AD	Adygea, Republic of
 # 05	RU-DA	Dagestan, Republic of
 # 06	RU-IN	Ingushetia, Republic of
 # 07	RU-KB	Kabardino-Balkar Republic
 # 08	RU-KL	Kalmykia, Republic of
 # 09	RU-KC	Karachay-Cherkess Republic
 # 10	RU-KR	Karelia, Republic of
 # 11	RU-KO	Komi Republic
 # 12	RU-ME	Mari El Republic
 # 13	RU-MO	Mordovia, Republic of
 # 15	RU-SE	North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
 # 16	RU-TA	Tatarstan, Republic of
 # 20	RU-CE	Chechen Republic
 # 21	RU-CU	Chuvash Republic
 # 23	RU-KDA	Krasnodar Krai
 # 26	RU-STA	Stavropol Krai
 # 29	RU-ARK	Arkhangelsk Oblast
 # 31	RU-BEL	Belgorod Oblast
 # 32	RU-BRY	Bryansk Oblast
 # 33	RU-VLA	Vladimir Oblast
 # 35	RU-VLG	Vologda Oblast
 # 36	RU-VOR	Voronezh Oblast
 # 37	RU-IVA	Ivanovo Oblast
 # 40	RU-KLU	Kaluga Oblast
 # 44	RU-KOS	Kostroma Oblast
 # 46	RU-KRS	Kursk Oblast
 # 47	RU-LEN	Leningrad Oblast
 # 48	RU-LIP	Lipetsk Oblast
 # 50	RU-MOS	Moscow Oblast
 # 51	RU-MUR	Murmansk Oblast
 # 52	RU-NIZ	Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
 # 53	RU-NGR	Novgorod Oblast
 # 57	RU-ORL	Oryol Oblast
 # 58	RU-PNZ	Penza Oblast
 # 60	RU-PSK	Pskov Oblast
 # 61	RU-ROS	Rostov Oblast
 # 62	RU-RYA	Ryazan Oblast
 # 67	RU-SMO	Smolensk Oblast
 # 68	RU-TAM	Tambov Oblast
 # 69	RU-TVE	Tver Oblast
 # 71	RU-TUL	Tula Oblast
 # 76	RU-YAR	Yaroslavl Oblast
 # 77	RU-MOW	Moscow
 # 78	RU-SPE	Saint Petersburg
 # 83	RU-NEN	Nenets Autonomous Okrug
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
 # The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919.  Decree No. 59
 # (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time
 # zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854
 # specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT.
 # No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date;
 # later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are
 # taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks.
 # (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.)
 
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
 # 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982.
 # Wikipedia refers to
 # http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html
 # http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm
 #
 # The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn
 # magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to
 # the Trud newspaper from February 1982.  The first link provides the
 # same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses
 # time belt changes map).
 #
 # The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to
 # introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt
 # border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous
 # Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka
 # according to the provided map (colored one).  In addition to that
 # "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time
 # belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on
 # 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage.  (Komi ASSR was
 # supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2
 # hour difference.)  Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01
 # is also provided.
 #
 # The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems
 # and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not
 # moving to summer time on 1982-04-01.  Namely: Dagestan,
 # Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian,
 # Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol
 # krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo,
 # Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and
 # Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky
 # district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug.  As a result Evenk Autonomous
 # Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end
 # up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow
 # time.
 #
 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
 # attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers
 # of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982.  1980-925.txt also adds
 # Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky
 # district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug.  Probably erroneously.
 #
 # The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow,
 # Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk.
 #
 # 12. Udmurtia
 # The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i
 # Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from
 # Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act.
 # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
 # implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01.
 # Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991.
 #
 # ...
 #
 # All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at
 # 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1
 # change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia).
 #
 # There were some exceptions, though.
 # Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd,
 # Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992
 # change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some
 # lists found in the internet are quite wild.)
 #
 # And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment.
 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
 # says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the
 # 1991-03-31 switch and one person at
 # http://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html
 # says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception
 # 2 days before the switch.
 #
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the
 # chaotic early 1980s in Russia.  It's not clear what these entries
 # should be.  For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the
 # time in Moscow.
 
 # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
 # LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
 # Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
 # LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
 # (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
 # The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
 # Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg.  In 1916 LMT Moscow
 # was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
 # coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
 # 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19.  LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
 # 2:31:19 ...
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
 # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
 # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
 # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
 # Russian and French.  This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
 
 Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:17 -	LMT	1880
 			 2:30:17 -	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
 			 2:31:19 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 			 3:00	Russia	%s	1921 Oct
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct
 			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	MSK
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
 # Europe/Simferopol covers...
 # **	****	Crimea, Republic of
 # **	****	Sevastopol
 
 Zone Europe/Simferopol	 2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
 			 2:16	-	SMT	1924 May  2 # Simferopol Mean T
 			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			 3:00	-	MSK	1941 Nov
 			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Apr 13
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
 			 3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1  2:00
 			 2:00	-	EET	1992
 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
 # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  Shanks & Pottenger simply say
 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right.  For now, guess it
 # changed in May.
 			 2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1994 May
 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
 			 3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996 Mar 31  0:00s
 			 3:00	1:00	MSD	1996 Oct 27  3:00s
 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997
 			 3:00	-	MSK	1997 Mar lastSun  1:00u
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
 # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
 # http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
 # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
 # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
 # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
 			 2:00	EU	EE%sT	2014 Mar 30  2:00
 			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	MSK
 
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Europe/Astrakhan covers:
 # 30	RU-AST	Astrakhan Oblast
 #
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12):
 # On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation
 # Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time)....
 # This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00.
 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
 
 Zone Europe/Astrakhan	 3:12:12 -	LMT	1924 May
 			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
 			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	+03	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	+04
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Europe/Volgograd covers:
 # 34	RU-VGG	Volgograd Oblast
 # 64	RU-SAR	Saratov Oblast
 # The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
 
 Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
 			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
 			 4:00	-	+04	1961 Nov 11
 			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1988 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	+03
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Europe/Kirov covers:
 # 43	RU-KIR	Kirov Oblast
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 #
 Zone Europe/Kirov	 3:18:48 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
 			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	+03
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Europe/Samara covers...
 # 18	RU-UD	Udmurt Republic
 # 63	RU-SAM	Samara Oblast
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 
 Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:20 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
 			 4:00	-	+04	1935 Jan 27
 			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 2:00	Russia	+02/+03	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	+03	1991 Oct 20  3:00
 			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	+04
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Europe/Ulyanovsk covers:
 # 73	RU-ULY	Ulyanovsk Oblast
 
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
 # Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am.
 # Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ...
 # 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading.
 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051
 
 Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk	 3:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
 			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 2:00	Russia	+02/+03	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	-	+03	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 4:00	-	+04
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
 # 02	RU-BA	Bashkortostan, Republic of
 # 90	RU-PER	Perm Krai
 # 45	RU-KGN	Kurgan Oblast
 # 56	RU-ORE	Orenburg Oblast
 # 66	RU-SVE	Sverdlovsk Oblast
 # 72	RU-TYU	Tyumen Oblast
 # 74	RU-CHE	Chelyabinsk Oblast
 # 86	RU-KHM	Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
 # 89	RU-YAN	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
 #
 # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
 
 # Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
 # Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
 # Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
 # The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
 
 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:33 -	LMT	1916 Jul  3
 			 3:45:05 -	PMT	1919 Jul 15  4:00
 			 4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
 			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 6:00	-	+06	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 5:00	-	+05
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Asia/Omsk covers...
 # 55	RU-OMS	Omsk Oblast
 
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
 
 Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:30 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
 			 5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
 			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 6:00	-	+06
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22):
 # Asia/Barnaul covers:
 # 04	RU-AL	Altai Republic
 # 22	RU-ALT	Altai Krai
 
 # Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
 
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
 # Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25
 # http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
 # suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
 # 1995-05-28.
 #
 # http://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
 # has some historical data for Altai Krai:
 # before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7
 # after 1957: UTC+7
 # since 1995: UTC+6
 # http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
 # confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
 # Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones
 # by March 27, 2016 at 2am....
 # Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ...
 # Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7)
 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038
 
 Zone Asia/Barnaul	 5:35:00 -	LMT	1919 Dec 10
 			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
 			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1995 May 28
 			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 6:00	-	+06	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 7:00	-	+07
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Asia/Novosibirsk covers:
 # 54	RU-NVS	Novosibirsk Oblast
 
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30):
 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6
 # moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7.
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04):
 # The law was signed yesterday and published today on
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064
 
 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14  6:00
 			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
 			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
 			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 6:00	-	+06	2016 Jul 24  2:00s
 			 7:00	-	+07
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Asia/Tomsk covers:
 # 70	RU-TOM	Tomsk Oblast
 
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24):
 # Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51.
 
 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
 # Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow.
 
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19):
 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743
 # (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time)
 # / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ...
 # Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their
 # GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally
 # belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced
 # with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a
 # 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014).
 
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12):
 # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6
 # This bill was approved in the first reading today.  It moves Tomsk oblast
 # from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at
 # 2:00.  The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by
 # the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President
 # and published to become a law.  Minor changes in the text are to be expected
 # before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the
 # recent changes).
 #
 # Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws,
 # the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule
 # http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/
 # http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303
 # I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the
 # bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday,
 # approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and
 # published as a law around 2016-04-26.
 
 # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26):
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048
 
 Zone	Asia/Tomsk	 5:39:51 -	LMT	1919 Dec 22
 			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
 			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2002 May  1  3:00
 			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 6:00	-	+06	2016 May 29  2:00s
 			 7:00	-	+07
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
 # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
 # 42	RU-KEM	Kemerovo Oblast
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
 # March 28, 2010:
 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
 #
 # This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September
 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
 #
 # Russian Government web site (Russian language)
 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
 #
 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
 # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
 # realigning itself with KRAT.
 
 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	LMT	1924 May  1
 			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
 			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 7:00	-	+07
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
 # 17	RU-TY	Tuva Republic
 # 19	RU-KK	Khakassia, Republic of
 # 24	RU-KYA	Krasnoyarsk Krai
 #
 # Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
 # Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
 
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
 
 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:26 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
 			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
 			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 8:00	-	+08	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 7:00	-	+07
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Asia/Irkutsk covers...
 # 03	RU-BU	Buryatia, Republic of
 # 38	RU-IRK	Irkutsk Oblast
 #
 # Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
 # merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
 
 # Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15.
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05.
 # Go with Byalokoz.
 
 Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:05 -	LMT	1880
 			 6:57:05 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
 			 7:00	-	+07	1930 Jun 21
 			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			 9:00	-	+09	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 8:00	-	+08
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
 # Asia/Chita covers...
 # 92	RU-ZAB	Zabaykalsky Krai
 #
 # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02):
 # [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) -
 # Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9.  Effective date will
 # be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am....
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107
 
 Zone Asia/Chita	 7:33:52 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
 			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 8:00	-	+08	2016 Mar 27  2:00
 			 9:00	-	+09
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
 # Asia/Yakutsk covers...
 # 28	RU-AMU	Amur Oblast
 #
 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
 # 14-02	****	Aldansky District
 # 14-04	****	Amginsky District
 # 14-05	****	Anabarsky District
 # 14-06	****	Bulunsky District
 # 14-07	****	Verkhnevilyuysky District
 # 14-10	****	Vilyuysky District
 # 14-11	****	Gorny District
 # 14-12	****	Zhigansky District
 # 14-13	****	Kobyaysky District
 # 14-14	****	Lensky District
 # 14-15	****	Megino-Kangalassky District
 # 14-16	****	Mirninsky District
 # 14-18	****	Namsky District
 # 14-19	****	Neryungrinsky District
 # 14-21	****	Nyurbinsky District
 # 14-23	****	Olenyoksky District
 # 14-24	****	Olyokminsky District
 # 14-26	****	Suntarsky District
 # 14-27	****	Tattinsky District
 # 14-29	****	Ust-Aldansky District
 # 14-32	****	Khangalassky District
 # 14-33	****	Churapchinsky District
 # 14-34	****	Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
 # Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
 # Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
 # Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
 
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
 
 Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:58 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
 			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 9:00	-	+09
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
 # Asia/Vladivostok covers...
 # 25	RU-PRI	Primorsky Krai
 # 27	RU-KHA	Khabarovsk Krai
 # 79	RU-YEV	Jewish Autonomous Oblast
 #
 # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
 # 14-09	****	Verkhoyansky District
 # 14-31	****	Ust-Yansky District
 
 # Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5.
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31.
 # Go with Byalokoz.
 
 Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:31 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
 			 9:00	-	+09	1930 Jun 21
 			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			10:00	-	+10
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
 # Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
 # 14-28	****	Tomponsky District
 # 14-30	****	Ust-Maysky District
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
 # Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
 # in 2011.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
 # Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
 # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
 
 Zone Asia/Khandyga	 9:02:13 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
 			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2004
 			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			11:00	-	+11	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
 			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 9:00	-	+09
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
 # Asia/Sakhalin covers...
 # 65	RU-SAK	Sakhalin Oblast
 # ...with the exception of:
 # 65-11	****	Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
 
 # From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22):
 # Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
 # (2016-03-09):
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044
 
 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
 Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
 			 9:00	-	+09	1945 Aug 25
 			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s # Sakhalin T
 			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1997 Mar lastSun  2:00s
 			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			10:00	-	+10	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
 			11:00	-	+11
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
 # Asia/Magadan covers...
 # 49	RU-MAG	Magadan Oblast
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
 # Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
 # several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
 # the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
 # until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11.  These regions will
 # need their own zone.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27):
 # ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
 # will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock
 #
 # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05):
 # ... signed by the President today ...
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038
 
 Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			10:00	-	+10	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
 			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			12:00	-	+12	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			10:00	-	+10	2016 Apr 24  2:00s
 			11:00	-	+11
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
 # Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
 # 14-01	****	Abyysky District
 # 14-03	****	Allaikhovsky District
 # 14-08	****	Verkhnekolymsky District
 # 14-17	****	Momsky District
 # 14-20	****	Nizhnekolymsky District
 # 14-25	****	Srednekolymsky District
 #
 # ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
 # 65-11	****	Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
 # Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
 # most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
 # 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
 # of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
 # Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
 # Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
 # There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
 # Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
 #
 # Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
 # districts, but have very similar populations.  In fact, Wikipedia currently
 # lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
 # each!  (Yikes!)
 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
 # Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
 #
 # Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
 # fluctuated recently.  Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
 # 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
 # recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170.  (See pages 195 and 197 of
 # http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
 # in Russian.)  In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
 # settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
 # Go with Srednekolymsk.
 
 Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk	10:14:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			10:00	-	+10	1930 Jun 21
 			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			12:00	-	+12	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			11:00	-	+11
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
 # Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
 # 14-22	****	Oymyakonsky District
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
 # Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
 # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
 #
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
 # It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
 # as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
 # Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
 # UTC+12 since at least then, too.
 
 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera	 9:32:54 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
 			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1981 Apr  1
 			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			12:00	-	+12	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
 			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			10:00	-	+10
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
 # Asia/Kamchatka covers...
 # 91	RU-KAM	Kamchatka Krai
 #
 # Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
 
 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
 # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
 Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
 			11:00	-	+11	1930 Jun 21
 			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			12:00	-	+12
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
 # Asia/Anadyr covers...
 # 87	RU-CHU	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
 
 Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			12:00	-	+12	1930 Jun 21
 			13:00	Russia	+13/+14	1982 Apr  1  0:00s
 			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
 			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
 			12:00	-	+12
 
 
 # San Marino
 # See Europe/Rome.
 
 # Serbia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
 			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			1:00	-	CET	1945 May  8  2:00s
 			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
 # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
 			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica	# Montenegro
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo	# Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje	# Macedonia
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia
 
 # Slovakia
 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
 
 # Slovenia
 # See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Spain
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Spain	1917	only	-	May	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1917	1919	-	Oct	 6	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1918	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1919	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Oct	 4	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Spain	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Spain	1937	only	-	May	22	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Mar	22	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1940	only	-	Mar	16	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
 Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	Sep	 1	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	22:00s	2:00	M
 Rule	Spain	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1944	only	-	Oct	10	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1945	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1946	only	-	Sep	30	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Apr	Sat>=13	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1976	only	-	Mar	27	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1976	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1977	1978	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
 Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
 Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule SpainAfrica 1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule SpainAfrica 1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule SpainAfrica 1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
 Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1  0:00s
 			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1946 Sep 30
 			 1:00	Spain	CE%sT	1979
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Zone	Africa/Ceuta	-0:21:16 -	LMT	1901
 			 0:00	-	WET	1918 May  6 23:00
 			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1918 Oct  7 23:00
 			 0:00	-	WET	1924
 			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1929
 			 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
 			 1:00	-	CET	1986
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 			-1:00	-	CANT	1946 Sep 30  1:00 # Canaries T
 			 0:00	-	WET	1980 Apr  6  0:00s
 			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1980 Sep 28  1:00u
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
 
 # Sweden
 
 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
 #
 # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm".  The law is dated 1878-05-31.
 #
 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time.  Less 12 minutes gives the
 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
 #
 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
 # författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
 # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
 # 1899-06-16.  In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
 #
 # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
 #
 # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
 # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
 # in Swedish):  (type
 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
 # the Sök-button).
 #
 # (2001-05-13):
 #
 # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
 # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time.  The article also reports that some
 # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
 # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
 # hour before the event took place.
 #
 # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 			1:00:14	-	SET	1900 Jan  1 # Swedish Time
 			1:00	-	CET	1916 May 14 23:00
 			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Oct  1  1:00
 			1:00	-	CET	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Switzerland
 # From Howse:
 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
 # and their performance improved enormously.  Communities began to keep
 # mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
 # Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 # Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 # Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 
 # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
 # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.
 #
 # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
 # to be wrong. This is now verified.
 #
 # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
 # government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
 # federal law collection)...
 #
 # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
 # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
 #
 # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am
 # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am
 #
 # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.
 # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law
 # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any
 # other years are made.
 #
 # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
 # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
 # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
 # a thing had happened in Switzerland.
 #
 # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de
 # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
 # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
 # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
 #
 # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
 # Rule  Swiss   1941    1942    -       May     Mon>=1  1:00    1:00    S
 # Rule  Swiss   1941    1942    -       Oct     Mon>=1  2:00    0       -
 #
 # The 1940 rules must be deleted.
 #
 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
 # most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
 # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
 # the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
 #
 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
 # The Federal regulations say
 # http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
 # ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
 # Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
 
 # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
 # the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893)
 # http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353
 # clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
 # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
 # hour before the beginning of service.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
 # Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
 #
 # We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
 # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12.  This book:
 #
 #	Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
 #	Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
 #	ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
 #
 # suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
 # agree about civil time during the transition.  The timekeeping it gives the
 # most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
 # "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859).  On p 72 Messerli writes that in
 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
 # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
 # (Google translation).  For now, model this transition as occurring on
 # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
 # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Mon>=1	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Mon>=1	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
 			0:29:46	-	BMT	1894 Jun    # Bern Mean Time
 			1:00	Swiss	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Turkey
 
 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25):
 # 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with
 #    no exceptions.
 # 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ...
 # Here are official papers:
 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf  - page 2 for 1986
 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf  - page 4 for 1987
 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf  - page 15 for 1988
 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf  - page 6 for 1989
 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf  - page 1 for 1990 - 1992
 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf  - page 15 for 1993 - 1995
 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf  - page 1 for overriding 1994
 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf  - page 1 for 1996, 1997
 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf  - page 10 for 1998 - 2000
 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2  - for 2001
 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2  - for 2002-2006
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25):
 # Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1985.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
 
 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
 # Turkish:
 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
 
 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
 # The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
 # Turkish Local election....
 # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
 # ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
 # From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
 # Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
 # I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
 # change delay.  Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
 # The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
 # change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not.  See:
 # Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
 # http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
 # I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
 
 # From Fatih (2015-09-29):
 # It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy.
 # Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00
 # http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217
 #
 # From BBC News (2015-10-25):
 # Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a
 # government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan
 # Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan.
 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326
 
 # From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08):
 # Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter....
 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07):
 # The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey.
 # It takes effect today, which is not much notice.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Turkey	1924	only	-	May	13	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1924	1925	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1925	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1941	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1947	1948	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1947	1950	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1949	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1950	only	-	Apr	19	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	May	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Nov	 4	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Nov	 3	5:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1975	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1975	1976	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1976	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1977	only	-	Oct	16	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1979	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1979	1982	-	Oct	Mon>=11	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Jul	31	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1986	1993	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1986	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1994	only	-	Mar	20	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1995	2006	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1996	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
 			1:56:56	-	IMT	1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1978 Oct 15
 			3:00	Turkey	+03/+04	1985 Apr 20
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	2007
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  1:00u
 			2:00	-	EET	2011 Mar 28  1:00u
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2014 Mar 30  1:00u
 			2:00	-	EET	2014 Mar 31  1:00u
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2015 Oct 25  1:00u
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	2015 Nov  8  1:00u
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2016 Sep  7
 			3:00	-	+03
 Link	Europe/Istanbul	Asia/Istanbul	# Istanbul is in both continents.
 
 # Ukraine
 #
 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
 # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government
 # regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
 # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
 # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
 # abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
 #
 # Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
 # approval from 266 deputies.
 #
 # Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
 # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
 #
 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
 # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
 #
 # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
 # http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
 #
 # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
 # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
 # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
 # time this year after all.
 #
 # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
 # As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone
 # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
 # to Russia) was reverted today:
 # http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
 #
 # Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
 # The law documents themselves are at
 # http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
 
 # From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
 # First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST:
 #       03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1       Time Zone 3 with DST
 #       07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1       Time Zone 2 with DST
 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134.
 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html
 #
 # They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law,
 # "summer time" was still in action):
 #       09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1       Time Zone 2 with DST
 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272.
 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html
 #
 # Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action):
 #       03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1       Time Zone 2 with DST
 #
 # DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended):
 #       09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0       Time Zone 2, no DST
 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225.
 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm
 # This is an answer.
 #
 # Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure:
 #       03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1       DST started
 #       09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0       DST ended
 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
 # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
 # "Kiev" is more common in English.
 Zone Europe/Kiev	2:02:04 -	LMT	1880
 			2:02:04	-	KMT	1924 May  2 # Kiev Mean Time
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 20
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Nov  6
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990 Jul  1  2:00
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29  3:00
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod	1:29:12 -	LMT	1890 Oct
 			1:00	-	CET	1940
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
 			1:00	1:00	CEST	1944 Oct 26
 			1:00	-	CET	1945 Jun 29
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
 			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1  2:00
 			1:00	-	CET	1991 Mar 31  3:00
 			2:00	-	EET	1992
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English.  Use the common English
 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
 # portable Posix file names.
 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye	2:20:40 -	LMT	1880
 			2:20	-	CUT	1924 May  2 # Central Ukraine T
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Aug 25
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Oct 25
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Vatican City
 # See Europe/Rome.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
 #
 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
 # uses the WE DST rules.  The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST).  It also claims that Turkey
 # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
 # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
 
 # ...
 # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
 # From: Tom Hofmann
 # ...
 #
 # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
 # most European countries started DST.  Before that year, only
 # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
 # to own national rules.  In 1981, however, DST started on
 # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
 # years...
 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
 # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
 # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
 # lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
 #
 # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
 # Soviet Union (as far as I know).
 #
 # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
 # 4002 Basle, Switzerland
 # ...
 
 # ...
 # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
 # From: Dik T. Winter
 # ...
 #
 # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
 # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
 # about DST in Europe.  I was able to find all from about 1969.
 #
 # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
 # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
 # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
 # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March.  And from 1982
 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
 # the Sov[i]et Union.  In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
 # dates...
 #
 # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
 # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
 # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
 # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
 # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe.  Another note: it is always
 # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
 # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
 # in advance of normal time.
 #
 # ...
 # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
 # ...
 
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # ...
 # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
 # Since 1978.  Change at midnight.
 # ...
 # Monaco: has same DST as France.
 # ...
Index: vendor/tzdata/dist/leapseconds.awk
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/dist/leapseconds.awk	(nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/dist/leapseconds.awk	(revision 308265)
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Generate the 'leapseconds' file from 'leap-seconds.list'.
+
+# This file is in the public domain.
+
+BEGIN {
+  print "# Allowance for leap seconds added to each time zone file."
+  print ""
+  print "# This file is in the public domain."
+  print ""
+  print "# This file is generated automatically from the data in the public-domain"
+  print "# leap-seconds.list file available from most NIST time servers."
+  print "# If the URL  does not work,"
+  print "# you should be able to pick up leap-seconds.list from a secondary NIST server."
+  print "# See  for a list of secondary servers."
+  print "# For more about leap-seconds.list, please see"
+  print "# The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds"
+  print "# http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~mills/leap.html"
+  print ""
+  print "# The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service"
+  print "# periodically uses leap seconds to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1"
+  print "# (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space); see"
+  print "# Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time,"
+  print "# Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905 ."
+  print "# There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism"
+  print "# accounting for the discrepancy between atomic time and the earth's rotation"
+  print "# did not exist until the early 1970s."
+  print ""
+  print "# The correction (+ or -) is made at the given time, so lines"
+  print "# will typically look like:"
+  print "#	Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:60	+	R/S"
+  print "# or"
+  print "#	Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:59	-	R/S"
+  print ""
+  print "# If the leapsecond is Rolling (R) the given time is local time."
+  print "# If the leapsecond is Stationary (S) the given time is UTC."
+  print ""
+  print "# Leap	YEAR	MONTH	DAY	HH:MM:SS	CORR	R/S"
+}
+
+/^ *$/ { next }
+
+/^#\tUpdated through/ || /^#\tFile expires on:/ {
+    last_lines = last_lines $0 "\n"
+}
+
+/^#/ { next }
+
+{
+    NTP_timestamp = $1
+    TAI_minus_UTC = $2
+    hash_mark = $3
+    one = $4
+    month = $5
+    year = $6
+    if (old_TAI_minus_UTC) {
+	if (old_TAI_minus_UTC < TAI_minus_UTC) {
+	    sign = "23:59:60\t+"
+	} else {
+	    sign = "23:59:59\t-"
+	}
+	if (month == "Jan") {
+	    year--;
+	    month = "Dec";
+	    day = 31
+	} else if (month == "Jul") {
+	    month = "Jun";
+	    day = 30
+	}
+	printf "Leap\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\tS\n", year, month, day, sign
+    }
+    old_TAI_minus_UTC = TAI_minus_UTC
+}
+
+END {
+    printf "\n%s", last_lines
+}

Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/dist/leapseconds.awk
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:keywords
## -0,0 +1 ##
+FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property
Index: vendor/tzdata/dist/version
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/dist/version	(nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/dist/version	(revision 308265)
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+2016i
Index: vendor/tzdata/dist/zone.tab
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/dist/zone.tab	(revision 308264)
+++ vendor/tzdata/dist/zone.tab	(revision 308265)
@@ -1,445 +1,446 @@
 # tz zone descriptions (deprecated version)
 #
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
 # This file is intended as a backward-compatibility aid for older programs.
 # New programs should use zone1970.tab.  This file is like zone1970.tab (see
 # zone1970.tab's comments), but with the following additional restrictions:
 #
 # 1.  This file contains only ASCII characters.
 # 2.  The first data column contains exactly one country code.
 #
 # Because of (2), each row stands for an area that is the intersection
 # of a region identified by a country code and of a zone where civil
 # clocks have agreed since 1970; this is a narrower definition than
 # that of zone1970.tab.
 #
 # This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
 # zone data entries appropriate for their practical needs.  It is not
 # intended to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
 #
 #country-
 #code	coordinates	TZ			comments
 AD	+4230+00131	Europe/Andorra
 AE	+2518+05518	Asia/Dubai
 AF	+3431+06912	Asia/Kabul
 AG	+1703-06148	America/Antigua
 AI	+1812-06304	America/Anguilla
 AL	+4120+01950	Europe/Tirane
 AM	+4011+04430	Asia/Yerevan
 AO	-0848+01314	Africa/Luanda
 AQ	-7750+16636	Antarctica/McMurdo	New Zealand time - McMurdo, South Pole
 AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey
 AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis
 AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville
 AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson
 AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer
 AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera
 AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa
 AQ	-720041+0023206	Antarctica/Troll	Troll
 AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok
 AR	-3436-05827	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
 AR	-3124-06411	America/Argentina/Cordoba	Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
 AR	-2447-06525	America/Argentina/Salta	Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
 AR	-2411-06518	America/Argentina/Jujuy	Jujuy (JY)
 AR	-2649-06513	America/Argentina/Tucuman	Tucuman (TM)
 AR	-2828-06547	America/Argentina/Catamarca	Catamarca (CT); Chubut (CH)
 AR	-2926-06651	America/Argentina/La_Rioja	La Rioja (LR)
 AR	-3132-06831	America/Argentina/San_Juan	San Juan (SJ)
 AR	-3253-06849	America/Argentina/Mendoza	Mendoza (MZ)
 AR	-3319-06621	America/Argentina/San_Luis	San Luis (SL)
 AR	-5138-06913	America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos	Santa Cruz (SC)
 AR	-5448-06818	America/Argentina/Ushuaia	Tierra del Fuego (TF)
 AS	-1416-17042	Pacific/Pago_Pago
 AT	+4813+01620	Europe/Vienna
 AU	-3133+15905	Australia/Lord_Howe	Lord Howe Island
 AU	-5430+15857	Antarctica/Macquarie	Macquarie Island
 AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania (most areas)
 AU	-3956+14352	Australia/Currie	Tasmania (King Island)
 AU	-3749+14458	Australia/Melbourne	Victoria
 AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales (most areas)
 AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales (Yancowinna)
 AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland (most areas)
 AU	-2016+14900	Australia/Lindeman	Queensland (Whitsunday Islands)
 AU	-3455+13835	Australia/Adelaide	South Australia
 AU	-1228+13050	Australia/Darwin	Northern Territory
 AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia (most areas)
 AU	-3143+12852	Australia/Eucla	Western Australia (Eucla)
 AW	+1230-06958	America/Aruba
 AX	+6006+01957	Europe/Mariehamn
 AZ	+4023+04951	Asia/Baku
 BA	+4352+01825	Europe/Sarajevo
 BB	+1306-05937	America/Barbados
 BD	+2343+09025	Asia/Dhaka
 BE	+5050+00420	Europe/Brussels
 BF	+1222-00131	Africa/Ouagadougou
 BG	+4241+02319	Europe/Sofia
 BH	+2623+05035	Asia/Bahrain
 BI	-0323+02922	Africa/Bujumbura
 BJ	+0629+00237	Africa/Porto-Novo
 BL	+1753-06251	America/St_Barthelemy
 BM	+3217-06446	Atlantic/Bermuda
 BN	+0456+11455	Asia/Brunei
 BO	-1630-06809	America/La_Paz
 BQ	+120903-0681636	America/Kralendijk
 BR	-0351-03225	America/Noronha	Atlantic islands
 BR	-0127-04829	America/Belem	Para (east); Amapa
 BR	-0343-03830	America/Fortaleza	Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
 BR	-0803-03454	America/Recife	Pernambuco
 BR	-0712-04812	America/Araguaina	Tocantins
 BR	-0940-03543	America/Maceio	Alagoas, Sergipe
 BR	-1259-03831	America/Bahia	Bahia
 BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	Brazil (southeast: GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
 BR	-2027-05437	America/Campo_Grande	Mato Grosso do Sul
 BR	-1535-05605	America/Cuiaba	Mato Grosso
 BR	-0226-05452	America/Santarem	Para (west)
 BR	-0846-06354	America/Porto_Velho	Rondonia
 BR	+0249-06040	America/Boa_Vista	Roraima
 BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	Amazonas (east)
 BR	-0640-06952	America/Eirunepe	Amazonas (west)
 BR	-0958-06748	America/Rio_Branco	Acre
 BS	+2505-07721	America/Nassau
 BT	+2728+08939	Asia/Thimphu
 BW	-2439+02555	Africa/Gaborone
 BY	+5354+02734	Europe/Minsk
 BZ	+1730-08812	America/Belize
 CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland; Labrador (southeast)
 CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic - NS (most areas); PE
 CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton)
 CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic - New Brunswick
 CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic - Labrador (most areas)
 CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	AST - QC (Lower North Shore)
 CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern - ON, QC (most areas)
 CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern - ON, QC (no DST 1967-73)
 CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern - ON (Thunder Bay)
 CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern - NU (most east areas)
 CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern - NU (Pangnirtung)
 CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H)
 CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central - ON (west); Manitoba
 CA	+4843-09434	America/Rainy_River	Central - ON (Rainy R, Ft Frances)
 CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central - NU (Resolute)
 CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central - NU (central)
 CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	CST - SK (most areas)
 CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	CST - SK (midwest)
 CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain - AB; BC (E); SK (W)
 CA	+690650-1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain - NU (west)
 CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain - NT (central)
 CA	+682059-1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain - NT (west)
 CA	+4906-11631	America/Creston	MST - BC (Creston)
 CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
 CA	+5848-12242	America/Fort_Nelson	MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
 CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific - BC (most areas)
 CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	Pacific - Yukon (south)
 CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	Pacific - Yukon (north)
 CC	-1210+09655	Indian/Cocos
 CD	-0418+01518	Africa/Kinshasa	Dem. Rep. of Congo (west)
 CD	-1140+02728	Africa/Lubumbashi	Dem. Rep. of Congo (east)
 CF	+0422+01835	Africa/Bangui
 CG	-0416+01517	Africa/Brazzaville
 CH	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich
 CI	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
 CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
 CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	Chile (most areas)
 CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
 CM	+0403+00942	Africa/Douala
 CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	Beijing Time
 CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	Xinjiang Time
 CO	+0436-07405	America/Bogota
 CR	+0956-08405	America/Costa_Rica
 CU	+2308-08222	America/Havana
 CV	+1455-02331	Atlantic/Cape_Verde
 CW	+1211-06900	America/Curacao
 CX	-1025+10543	Indian/Christmas
-CY	+3510+03322	Asia/Nicosia
+CY	+3510+03322	Asia/Nicosia	Cyprus (most areas)
+CY	+3507+03357	Asia/Famagusta	Northern Cyprus
 CZ	+5005+01426	Europe/Prague
 DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin	Germany (most areas)
 DE	+4742+00841	Europe/Busingen	Busingen
 DJ	+1136+04309	Africa/Djibouti
 DK	+5540+01235	Europe/Copenhagen
 DM	+1518-06124	America/Dominica
 DO	+1828-06954	America/Santo_Domingo
 DZ	+3647+00303	Africa/Algiers
 EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	Ecuador (mainland)
 EC	-0054-08936	Pacific/Galapagos	Galapagos Islands
 EE	+5925+02445	Europe/Tallinn
 EG	+3003+03115	Africa/Cairo
 EH	+2709-01312	Africa/El_Aaiun
 ER	+1520+03853	Africa/Asmara
 ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	Spain (mainland)
 ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta, Melilla
 ES	+2806-01524	Atlantic/Canary	Canary Islands
 ET	+0902+03842	Africa/Addis_Ababa
 FI	+6010+02458	Europe/Helsinki
 FJ	-1808+17825	Pacific/Fiji
 FK	-5142-05751	Atlantic/Stanley
 FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Chuuk	Chuuk/Truk, Yap
 FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Pohnpei	Pohnpei/Ponape
 FM	+0519+16259	Pacific/Kosrae	Kosrae
 FO	+6201-00646	Atlantic/Faroe
 FR	+4852+00220	Europe/Paris
 GA	+0023+00927	Africa/Libreville
 GB	+513030-0000731	Europe/London
 GD	+1203-06145	America/Grenada
 GE	+4143+04449	Asia/Tbilisi
 GF	+0456-05220	America/Cayenne
 GG	+4927-00232	Europe/Guernsey
 GH	+0533-00013	Africa/Accra
 GI	+3608-00521	Europe/Gibraltar
 GL	+6411-05144	America/Godthab	Greenland (most areas)
 GL	+7646-01840	America/Danmarkshavn	National Park (east coast)
 GL	+7029-02158	America/Scoresbysund	Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit
 GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	Thule/Pituffik
 GM	+1328-01639	Africa/Banjul
 GN	+0931-01343	Africa/Conakry
 GP	+1614-06132	America/Guadeloupe
 GQ	+0345+00847	Africa/Malabo
 GR	+3758+02343	Europe/Athens
 GS	-5416-03632	Atlantic/South_Georgia
 GT	+1438-09031	America/Guatemala
 GU	+1328+14445	Pacific/Guam
 GW	+1151-01535	Africa/Bissau
 GY	+0648-05810	America/Guyana
 HK	+2217+11409	Asia/Hong_Kong
 HN	+1406-08713	America/Tegucigalpa
 HR	+4548+01558	Europe/Zagreb
 HT	+1832-07220	America/Port-au-Prince
 HU	+4730+01905	Europe/Budapest
 ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java, Sumatra
 ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	Borneo (west, central)
 ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Makassar	Borneo (east, south); Sulawesi/Celebes, Bali, Nusa Tengarra; Timor (west)
 ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	New Guinea (West Papua / Irian Jaya); Malukus/Moluccas
 IE	+5320-00615	Europe/Dublin
 IL	+314650+0351326	Asia/Jerusalem
 IM	+5409-00428	Europe/Isle_of_Man
 IN	+2232+08822	Asia/Kolkata
 IO	-0720+07225	Indian/Chagos
 IQ	+3321+04425	Asia/Baghdad
 IR	+3540+05126	Asia/Tehran
 IS	+6409-02151	Atlantic/Reykjavik
 IT	+4154+01229	Europe/Rome
 JE	+4912-00207	Europe/Jersey
 JM	+175805-0764736	America/Jamaica
 JO	+3157+03556	Asia/Amman
 JP	+353916+1394441	Asia/Tokyo
 KE	-0117+03649	Africa/Nairobi
 KG	+4254+07436	Asia/Bishkek
 KH	+1133+10455	Asia/Phnom_Penh
 KI	+0125+17300	Pacific/Tarawa	Gilbert Islands
 KI	-0308-17105	Pacific/Enderbury	Phoenix Islands
 KI	+0152-15720	Pacific/Kiritimati	Line Islands
 KM	-1141+04316	Indian/Comoro
 KN	+1718-06243	America/St_Kitts
 KP	+3901+12545	Asia/Pyongyang
 KR	+3733+12658	Asia/Seoul
 KW	+2920+04759	Asia/Kuwait
 KY	+1918-08123	America/Cayman
 KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	Kazakhstan (most areas)
 KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda/Kyzylorda/Kzyl-Orda
 KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtobe/Aktobe
 KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Atyrau/Atirau/Gur'yev, Mangghystau/Mankistau
 KZ	+5113+05121	Asia/Oral	West Kazakhstan
 LA	+1758+10236	Asia/Vientiane
 LB	+3353+03530	Asia/Beirut
 LC	+1401-06100	America/St_Lucia
 LI	+4709+00931	Europe/Vaduz
 LK	+0656+07951	Asia/Colombo
 LR	+0618-01047	Africa/Monrovia
 LS	-2928+02730	Africa/Maseru
 LT	+5441+02519	Europe/Vilnius
 LU	+4936+00609	Europe/Luxembourg
 LV	+5657+02406	Europe/Riga
 LY	+3254+01311	Africa/Tripoli
 MA	+3339-00735	Africa/Casablanca
 MC	+4342+00723	Europe/Monaco
 MD	+4700+02850	Europe/Chisinau
 ME	+4226+01916	Europe/Podgorica
 MF	+1804-06305	America/Marigot
 MG	-1855+04731	Indian/Antananarivo
 MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	Marshall Islands (most areas)
 MH	+0905+16720	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
 MK	+4159+02126	Europe/Skopje
 ML	+1239-00800	Africa/Bamako
 MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Yangon
 MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Mongolia (most areas)
 MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Olgiy, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
 MN	+4804+11430	Asia/Choibalsan	Dornod, Sukhbaatar
 MO	+2214+11335	Asia/Macau
 MP	+1512+14545	Pacific/Saipan
 MQ	+1436-06105	America/Martinique
 MR	+1806-01557	Africa/Nouakchott
 MS	+1643-06213	America/Montserrat
 MT	+3554+01431	Europe/Malta
 MU	-2010+05730	Indian/Mauritius
 MV	+0410+07330	Indian/Maldives
 MW	-1547+03500	Africa/Blantyre
 MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time
 MX	+2105-08646	America/Cancun	Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo
 MX	+2058-08937	America/Merida	Central Time - Campeche, Yucatan
 MX	+2540-10019	America/Monterrey	Central Time - Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (most areas)
 MX	+2550-09730	America/Matamoros	Central Time US - Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (US border)
 MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
 MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mountain Time - Chihuahua (most areas)
 MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	Mountain Time US - Chihuahua (US border)
 MX	+2904-11058	America/Hermosillo	Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
 MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	Pacific Time US - Baja California
 MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Central Time - Bahia de Banderas
 MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	Malaysia (peninsula)
 MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah, Sarawak
 MZ	-2558+03235	Africa/Maputo
 NA	-2234+01706	Africa/Windhoek
 NC	-2216+16627	Pacific/Noumea
 NE	+1331+00207	Africa/Niamey
 NF	-2903+16758	Pacific/Norfolk
 NG	+0627+00324	Africa/Lagos
 NI	+1209-08617	America/Managua
 NL	+5222+00454	Europe/Amsterdam
 NO	+5955+01045	Europe/Oslo
 NP	+2743+08519	Asia/Kathmandu
 NR	-0031+16655	Pacific/Nauru
 NU	-1901-16955	Pacific/Niue
 NZ	-3652+17446	Pacific/Auckland	New Zealand (most areas)
 NZ	-4357-17633	Pacific/Chatham	Chatham Islands
 OM	+2336+05835	Asia/Muscat
 PA	+0858-07932	America/Panama
 PE	-1203-07703	America/Lima
 PF	-1732-14934	Pacific/Tahiti	Society Islands
 PF	-0900-13930	Pacific/Marquesas	Marquesas Islands
 PF	-2308-13457	Pacific/Gambier	Gambier Islands
 PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Papua New Guinea (most areas)
 PG	-0613+15534	Pacific/Bougainville	Bougainville
 PH	+1435+12100	Asia/Manila
 PK	+2452+06703	Asia/Karachi
 PL	+5215+02100	Europe/Warsaw
 PM	+4703-05620	America/Miquelon
 PN	-2504-13005	Pacific/Pitcairn
 PR	+182806-0660622	America/Puerto_Rico
 PS	+3130+03428	Asia/Gaza	Gaza Strip
 PS	+313200+0350542	Asia/Hebron	West Bank
 PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	Portugal (mainland)
 PT	+3238-01654	Atlantic/Madeira	Madeira Islands
 PT	+3744-02540	Atlantic/Azores	Azores
 PW	+0720+13429	Pacific/Palau
 PY	-2516-05740	America/Asuncion
 QA	+2517+05132	Asia/Qatar
 RE	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion
 RO	+4426+02606	Europe/Bucharest
 RS	+4450+02030	Europe/Belgrade
 RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
 RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	MSK+00 - Moscow area
 RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	MSK+00 - Crimea
 RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	MSK+00 - Volgograd, Saratov
 RU	+5836+04939	Europe/Kirov	MSK+00 - Kirov
 RU	+4621+04803	Europe/Astrakhan	MSK+01 - Astrakhan
 RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	MSK+01 - Samara, Udmurtia
 RU	+5420+04824	Europe/Ulyanovsk	MSK+01 - Ulyanovsk
 RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	MSK+02 - Urals
 RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	MSK+03 - Omsk
 RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	MSK+03 - Novosibirsk
 RU	+5322+08345	Asia/Barnaul	MSK+04 - Altai
 RU	+5630+08458	Asia/Tomsk	MSK+04 - Tomsk
 RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	MSK+04 - Kemerovo
 RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	MSK+04 - Krasnoyarsk area
 RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	MSK+05 - Irkutsk, Buryatia
 RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	MSK+06 - Zabaykalsky
 RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	MSK+06 - Lena River
 RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	MSK+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
 RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	MSK+07 - Amur River
 RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	MSK+07 - Oymyakonsky
 RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	MSK+08 - Magadan
 RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	MSK+08 - Sakhalin Island
 RU	+6728+15343	Asia/Srednekolymsk	MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is
 RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	MSK+09 - Kamchatka
 RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	MSK+09 - Bering Sea
 RW	-0157+03004	Africa/Kigali
 SA	+2438+04643	Asia/Riyadh
 SB	-0932+16012	Pacific/Guadalcanal
 SC	-0440+05528	Indian/Mahe
 SD	+1536+03232	Africa/Khartoum
 SE	+5920+01803	Europe/Stockholm
 SG	+0117+10351	Asia/Singapore
 SH	-1555-00542	Atlantic/St_Helena
 SI	+4603+01431	Europe/Ljubljana
 SJ	+7800+01600	Arctic/Longyearbyen
 SK	+4809+01707	Europe/Bratislava
 SL	+0830-01315	Africa/Freetown
 SM	+4355+01228	Europe/San_Marino
 SN	+1440-01726	Africa/Dakar
 SO	+0204+04522	Africa/Mogadishu
 SR	+0550-05510	America/Paramaribo
 SS	+0451+03136	Africa/Juba
 ST	+0020+00644	Africa/Sao_Tome
 SV	+1342-08912	America/El_Salvador
 SX	+180305-0630250	America/Lower_Princes
 SY	+3330+03618	Asia/Damascus
 SZ	-2618+03106	Africa/Mbabane
 TC	+2128-07108	America/Grand_Turk
 TD	+1207+01503	Africa/Ndjamena
 TF	-492110+0701303	Indian/Kerguelen
 TG	+0608+00113	Africa/Lome
 TH	+1345+10031	Asia/Bangkok
 TJ	+3835+06848	Asia/Dushanbe
 TK	-0922-17114	Pacific/Fakaofo
 TL	-0833+12535	Asia/Dili
 TM	+3757+05823	Asia/Ashgabat
 TN	+3648+01011	Africa/Tunis
 TO	-2110-17510	Pacific/Tongatapu
 TR	+4101+02858	Europe/Istanbul
 TT	+1039-06131	America/Port_of_Spain
 TV	-0831+17913	Pacific/Funafuti
 TW	+2503+12130	Asia/Taipei
 TZ	-0648+03917	Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
 UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	Ukraine (most areas)
 UA	+4837+02218	Europe/Uzhgorod	Ruthenia
 UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye/Zaporizhia; Lugansk/Luhansk (east)
 UG	+0019+03225	Africa/Kampala
 UM	+1645-16931	Pacific/Johnston	Johnston Atoll
 UM	+2813-17722	Pacific/Midway	Midway Islands
 UM	+1917+16637	Pacific/Wake	Wake Island
 US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern (most areas)
 US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern - MI (most areas)
 US	+381515-0854534	America/Kentucky/Louisville	Eastern - KY (Louisville area)
 US	+364947-0845057	America/Kentucky/Monticello	Eastern - KY (Wayne)
 US	+394606-0860929	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	Eastern - IN (most areas)
 US	+384038-0873143	America/Indiana/Vincennes	Eastern - IN (Da, Du, K, Mn)
 US	+410305-0863611	America/Indiana/Winamac	Eastern - IN (Pulaski)
 US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern - IN (Crawford)
 US	+382931-0871643	America/Indiana/Petersburg	Eastern - IN (Pike)
 US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern - IN (Switzerland)
 US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central (most areas)
 US	+375711-0864541	America/Indiana/Tell_City	Central - IN (Perry)
 US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Central - IN (Starke)
 US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central - MI (Wisconsin border)
 US	+470659-1011757	America/North_Dakota/Center	Central - ND (Oliver)
 US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central - ND (Morton rural)
 US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central - ND (Mercer)
 US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain (most areas)
 US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain - ID (south); OR (east)
 US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	MST - Arizona (except Navajo)
 US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific
 US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska (most areas)
 US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska - Juneau area
 US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska - Sitka area
 US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Alaska - Annette Island
 US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska - Yakutat
 US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska (west)
 US	+515248-1763929	America/Adak	Aleutian Islands
 US	+211825-1575130	Pacific/Honolulu	Hawaii
 UY	-3453-05611	America/Montevideo
 UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	Uzbekistan (west)
 UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent	Uzbekistan (east)
 VA	+415408+0122711	Europe/Vatican
 VC	+1309-06114	America/St_Vincent
 VE	+1030-06656	America/Caracas
 VG	+1827-06437	America/Tortola
 VI	+1821-06456	America/St_Thomas
 VN	+1045+10640	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh
 VU	-1740+16825	Pacific/Efate
 WF	-1318-17610	Pacific/Wallis
 WS	-1350-17144	Pacific/Apia
 YE	+1245+04512	Asia/Aden
 YT	-1247+04514	Indian/Mayotte
 ZA	-2615+02800	Africa/Johannesburg
 ZM	-1525+02817	Africa/Lusaka
 ZW	-1750+03103	Africa/Harare
Index: vendor/tzdata/dist/zone1970.tab
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/dist/zone1970.tab	(revision 308264)
+++ vendor/tzdata/dist/zone1970.tab	(revision 308265)
@@ -1,376 +1,377 @@
 # tz zone descriptions
 #
 # This file is in the public domain.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
 # This file contains a table where each row stands for a zone where
 # civil time stamps have agreed since 1970.  Columns are separated by
 # a single tab.  Lines beginning with '#' are comments.  All text uses
 # UTF-8 encoding.  The columns of the table are as follows:
 #
 # 1.  The countries that overlap the zone, as a comma-separated list
 #     of ISO 3166 2-character country codes.  See the file 'iso3166.tab'.
 # 2.  Latitude and longitude of the zone's principal location
 #     in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format,
 #     either +-DDMM+-DDDMM or +-DDMMSS+-DDDMMSS,
 #     first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
 # 3.  Zone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
 #     Please see the 'Theory' file for how zone names are chosen.
 #     If multiple zones overlap a country, each has a row in the
 #     table, with each column 1 containing the country code.
 # 4.  Comments; present if and only if a country has multiple zones.
 #
 # If a zone covers multiple countries, the most-populous city is used,
 # and that country is listed first in column 1; any other countries
 # are listed alphabetically by country code.  The table is sorted
 # first by country code, then (if possible) by an order within the
 # country that (1) makes some geographical sense, and (2) puts the
 # most populous zones first, where that does not contradict (1).
 #
 # This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
 # zone data entries appropriate for their practical needs.  It is not
 # intended to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
 #
 #country-
 #codes	coordinates	TZ	comments
 AD	+4230+00131	Europe/Andorra
 AE,OM	+2518+05518	Asia/Dubai
 AF	+3431+06912	Asia/Kabul
 AL	+4120+01950	Europe/Tirane
 AM	+4011+04430	Asia/Yerevan
 AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey
 AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis
 AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville
 AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson
 AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer
 AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera
 AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa
 AQ	-720041+0023206	Antarctica/Troll	Troll
 AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok
 AR	-3436-05827	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
 AR	-3124-06411	America/Argentina/Cordoba	Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
 AR	-2447-06525	America/Argentina/Salta	Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
 AR	-2411-06518	America/Argentina/Jujuy	Jujuy (JY)
 AR	-2649-06513	America/Argentina/Tucuman	Tucumán (TM)
 AR	-2828-06547	America/Argentina/Catamarca	Catamarca (CT); Chubut (CH)
 AR	-2926-06651	America/Argentina/La_Rioja	La Rioja (LR)
 AR	-3132-06831	America/Argentina/San_Juan	San Juan (SJ)
 AR	-3253-06849	America/Argentina/Mendoza	Mendoza (MZ)
 AR	-3319-06621	America/Argentina/San_Luis	San Luis (SL)
 AR	-5138-06913	America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos	Santa Cruz (SC)
 AR	-5448-06818	America/Argentina/Ushuaia	Tierra del Fuego (TF)
 AS,UM	-1416-17042	Pacific/Pago_Pago	Samoa, Midway
 AT	+4813+01620	Europe/Vienna
 AU	-3133+15905	Australia/Lord_Howe	Lord Howe Island
 AU	-5430+15857	Antarctica/Macquarie	Macquarie Island
 AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania (most areas)
 AU	-3956+14352	Australia/Currie	Tasmania (King Island)
 AU	-3749+14458	Australia/Melbourne	Victoria
 AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales (most areas)
 AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales (Yancowinna)
 AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland (most areas)
 AU	-2016+14900	Australia/Lindeman	Queensland (Whitsunday Islands)
 AU	-3455+13835	Australia/Adelaide	South Australia
 AU	-1228+13050	Australia/Darwin	Northern Territory
 AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia (most areas)
 AU	-3143+12852	Australia/Eucla	Western Australia (Eucla)
 AZ	+4023+04951	Asia/Baku
 BB	+1306-05937	America/Barbados
 BD	+2343+09025	Asia/Dhaka
 BE	+5050+00420	Europe/Brussels
 BG	+4241+02319	Europe/Sofia
 BM	+3217-06446	Atlantic/Bermuda
 BN	+0456+11455	Asia/Brunei
 BO	-1630-06809	America/La_Paz
 BR	-0351-03225	America/Noronha	Atlantic islands
 BR	-0127-04829	America/Belem	Pará (east); Amapá
 BR	-0343-03830	America/Fortaleza	Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
 BR	-0803-03454	America/Recife	Pernambuco
 BR	-0712-04812	America/Araguaina	Tocantins
 BR	-0940-03543	America/Maceio	Alagoas, Sergipe
 BR	-1259-03831	America/Bahia	Bahia
 BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	Brazil (southeast: GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
 BR	-2027-05437	America/Campo_Grande	Mato Grosso do Sul
 BR	-1535-05605	America/Cuiaba	Mato Grosso
 BR	-0226-05452	America/Santarem	Pará (west)
 BR	-0846-06354	America/Porto_Velho	Rondônia
 BR	+0249-06040	America/Boa_Vista	Roraima
 BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	Amazonas (east)
 BR	-0640-06952	America/Eirunepe	Amazonas (west)
 BR	-0958-06748	America/Rio_Branco	Acre
 BS	+2505-07721	America/Nassau
 BT	+2728+08939	Asia/Thimphu
 BY	+5354+02734	Europe/Minsk
 BZ	+1730-08812	America/Belize
 CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland; Labrador (southeast)
 CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic - NS (most areas); PE
 CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton)
 CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic - New Brunswick
 CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic - Labrador (most areas)
 CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	AST - QC (Lower North Shore)
 CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern - ON, QC (most areas)
 CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern - ON, QC (no DST 1967-73)
 CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern - ON (Thunder Bay)
 CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern - NU (most east areas)
 CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern - NU (Pangnirtung)
 CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H)
 CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central - ON (west); Manitoba
 CA	+4843-09434	America/Rainy_River	Central - ON (Rainy R, Ft Frances)
 CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central - NU (Resolute)
 CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central - NU (central)
 CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	CST - SK (most areas)
 CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	CST - SK (midwest)
 CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain - AB; BC (E); SK (W)
 CA	+690650-1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain - NU (west)
 CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain - NT (central)
 CA	+682059-1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain - NT (west)
 CA	+4906-11631	America/Creston	MST - BC (Creston)
 CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
 CA	+5848-12242	America/Fort_Nelson	MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
 CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific - BC (most areas)
 CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	Pacific - Yukon (south)
 CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	Pacific - Yukon (north)
 CC	-1210+09655	Indian/Cocos
 CH,DE,LI	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich	Swiss time
 CI,BF,GM,GN,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,ST,TG	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
 CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
 CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	Chile (most areas)
 CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
 CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	Beijing Time
 CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	Xinjiang Time
 CO	+0436-07405	America/Bogota
 CR	+0956-08405	America/Costa_Rica
 CU	+2308-08222	America/Havana
 CV	+1455-02331	Atlantic/Cape_Verde
 CW,AW,BQ,SX	+1211-06900	America/Curacao
 CX	-1025+10543	Indian/Christmas
-CY	+3510+03322	Asia/Nicosia
+CY	+3510+03322	Asia/Nicosia	Cyprus (most areas)
+CY	+3507+03357	Asia/Famagusta	Northern Cyprus
 CZ,SK	+5005+01426	Europe/Prague
 DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin	Germany (most areas)
 DK	+5540+01235	Europe/Copenhagen
 DO	+1828-06954	America/Santo_Domingo
 DZ	+3647+00303	Africa/Algiers
 EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	Ecuador (mainland)
 EC	-0054-08936	Pacific/Galapagos	Galápagos Islands
 EE	+5925+02445	Europe/Tallinn
 EG	+3003+03115	Africa/Cairo
 EH	+2709-01312	Africa/El_Aaiun
 ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	Spain (mainland)
 ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta, Melilla
 ES	+2806-01524	Atlantic/Canary	Canary Islands
 FI,AX	+6010+02458	Europe/Helsinki
 FJ	-1808+17825	Pacific/Fiji
 FK	-5142-05751	Atlantic/Stanley
 FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Chuuk	Chuuk/Truk, Yap
 FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Pohnpei	Pohnpei/Ponape
 FM	+0519+16259	Pacific/Kosrae	Kosrae
 FO	+6201-00646	Atlantic/Faroe
 FR	+4852+00220	Europe/Paris
 GB,GG,IM,JE	+513030-0000731	Europe/London
 GE	+4143+04449	Asia/Tbilisi
 GF	+0456-05220	America/Cayenne
 GH	+0533-00013	Africa/Accra
 GI	+3608-00521	Europe/Gibraltar
 GL	+6411-05144	America/Godthab	Greenland (most areas)
 GL	+7646-01840	America/Danmarkshavn	National Park (east coast)
 GL	+7029-02158	America/Scoresbysund	Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit
 GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	Thule/Pituffik
 GR	+3758+02343	Europe/Athens
 GS	-5416-03632	Atlantic/South_Georgia
 GT	+1438-09031	America/Guatemala
 GU,MP	+1328+14445	Pacific/Guam
 GW	+1151-01535	Africa/Bissau
 GY	+0648-05810	America/Guyana
 HK	+2217+11409	Asia/Hong_Kong
 HN	+1406-08713	America/Tegucigalpa
 HT	+1832-07220	America/Port-au-Prince
 HU	+4730+01905	Europe/Budapest
 ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java, Sumatra
 ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	Borneo (west, central)
 ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Makassar	Borneo (east, south); Sulawesi/Celebes, Bali, Nusa Tengarra; Timor (west)
 ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	New Guinea (West Papua / Irian Jaya); Malukus/Moluccas
 IE	+5320-00615	Europe/Dublin
 IL	+314650+0351326	Asia/Jerusalem
 IN	+2232+08822	Asia/Kolkata
 IO	-0720+07225	Indian/Chagos
 IQ	+3321+04425	Asia/Baghdad
 IR	+3540+05126	Asia/Tehran
 IS	+6409-02151	Atlantic/Reykjavik
 IT,SM,VA	+4154+01229	Europe/Rome
 JM	+175805-0764736	America/Jamaica
 JO	+3157+03556	Asia/Amman
 JP	+353916+1394441	Asia/Tokyo
 KE,DJ,ER,ET,KM,MG,SO,TZ,UG,YT	-0117+03649	Africa/Nairobi
 KG	+4254+07436	Asia/Bishkek
 KI	+0125+17300	Pacific/Tarawa	Gilbert Islands
 KI	-0308-17105	Pacific/Enderbury	Phoenix Islands
 KI	+0152-15720	Pacific/Kiritimati	Line Islands
 KP	+3901+12545	Asia/Pyongyang
 KR	+3733+12658	Asia/Seoul
 KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	Kazakhstan (most areas)
 KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda/Kyzylorda/Kzyl-Orda
 KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtobe/Aktobe
 KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Atyrau/Atirau/Gur'yev, Mangghystau/Mankistau
 KZ	+5113+05121	Asia/Oral	West Kazakhstan
 LB	+3353+03530	Asia/Beirut
 LK	+0656+07951	Asia/Colombo
 LR	+0618-01047	Africa/Monrovia
 LT	+5441+02519	Europe/Vilnius
 LU	+4936+00609	Europe/Luxembourg
 LV	+5657+02406	Europe/Riga
 LY	+3254+01311	Africa/Tripoli
 MA	+3339-00735	Africa/Casablanca
 MC	+4342+00723	Europe/Monaco
 MD	+4700+02850	Europe/Chisinau
 MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	Marshall Islands (most areas)
 MH	+0905+16720	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
 MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Yangon
 MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Mongolia (most areas)
 MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Ölgii, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
 MN	+4804+11430	Asia/Choibalsan	Dornod, Sükhbaatar
 MO	+2214+11335	Asia/Macau
 MQ	+1436-06105	America/Martinique
 MT	+3554+01431	Europe/Malta
 MU	-2010+05730	Indian/Mauritius
 MV	+0410+07330	Indian/Maldives
 MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time
 MX	+2105-08646	America/Cancun	Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo
 MX	+2058-08937	America/Merida	Central Time - Campeche, Yucatán
 MX	+2540-10019	America/Monterrey	Central Time - Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (most areas)
 MX	+2550-09730	America/Matamoros	Central Time US - Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (US border)
 MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
 MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mountain Time - Chihuahua (most areas)
 MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	Mountain Time US - Chihuahua (US border)
 MX	+2904-11058	America/Hermosillo	Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
 MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	Pacific Time US - Baja California
 MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Central Time - Bahía de Banderas
 MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	Malaysia (peninsula)
 MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah, Sarawak
 MZ,BI,BW,CD,MW,RW,ZM,ZW	-2558+03235	Africa/Maputo	Central Africa Time
 NA	-2234+01706	Africa/Windhoek
 NC	-2216+16627	Pacific/Noumea
 NF	-2903+16758	Pacific/Norfolk
 NG,AO,BJ,CD,CF,CG,CM,GA,GQ,NE	+0627+00324	Africa/Lagos	West Africa Time
 NI	+1209-08617	America/Managua
 NL	+5222+00454	Europe/Amsterdam
 NO,SJ	+5955+01045	Europe/Oslo
 NP	+2743+08519	Asia/Kathmandu
 NR	-0031+16655	Pacific/Nauru
 NU	-1901-16955	Pacific/Niue
 NZ,AQ	-3652+17446	Pacific/Auckland	New Zealand time
 NZ	-4357-17633	Pacific/Chatham	Chatham Islands
 PA,KY	+0858-07932	America/Panama
 PE	-1203-07703	America/Lima
 PF	-1732-14934	Pacific/Tahiti	Society Islands
 PF	-0900-13930	Pacific/Marquesas	Marquesas Islands
 PF	-2308-13457	Pacific/Gambier	Gambier Islands
 PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Papua New Guinea (most areas)
 PG	-0613+15534	Pacific/Bougainville	Bougainville
 PH	+1435+12100	Asia/Manila
 PK	+2452+06703	Asia/Karachi
 PL	+5215+02100	Europe/Warsaw
 PM	+4703-05620	America/Miquelon
 PN	-2504-13005	Pacific/Pitcairn
 PR	+182806-0660622	America/Puerto_Rico
 PS	+3130+03428	Asia/Gaza	Gaza Strip
 PS	+313200+0350542	Asia/Hebron	West Bank
 PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	Portugal (mainland)
 PT	+3238-01654	Atlantic/Madeira	Madeira Islands
 PT	+3744-02540	Atlantic/Azores	Azores
 PW	+0720+13429	Pacific/Palau
 PY	-2516-05740	America/Asuncion
 QA,BH	+2517+05132	Asia/Qatar
 RE,TF	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion	Réunion, Crozet, Scattered Islands
 RO	+4426+02606	Europe/Bucharest
 RS,BA,HR,ME,MK,SI	+4450+02030	Europe/Belgrade
 RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
 RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	MSK+00 - Moscow area
 RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	MSK+00 - Crimea
 RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	MSK+00 - Volgograd, Saratov
 RU	+5836+04939	Europe/Kirov	MSK+00 - Kirov
 RU	+4621+04803	Europe/Astrakhan	MSK+01 - Astrakhan
 RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	MSK+01 - Samara, Udmurtia
 RU	+5420+04824	Europe/Ulyanovsk	MSK+01 - Ulyanovsk
 RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	MSK+02 - Urals
 RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	MSK+03 - Omsk
 RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	MSK+03 - Novosibirsk
 RU	+5322+08345	Asia/Barnaul	MSK+04 - Altai
 RU	+5630+08458	Asia/Tomsk	MSK+04 - Tomsk
 RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	MSK+04 - Kemerovo
 RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	MSK+04 - Krasnoyarsk area
 RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	MSK+05 - Irkutsk, Buryatia
 RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	MSK+06 - Zabaykalsky
 RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	MSK+06 - Lena River
 RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	MSK+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
 RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	MSK+07 - Amur River
 RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	MSK+07 - Oymyakonsky
 RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	MSK+08 - Magadan
 RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	MSK+08 - Sakhalin Island
 RU	+6728+15343	Asia/Srednekolymsk	MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is
 RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	MSK+09 - Kamchatka
 RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	MSK+09 - Bering Sea
 SA,KW,YE	+2438+04643	Asia/Riyadh
 SB	-0932+16012	Pacific/Guadalcanal
 SC	-0440+05528	Indian/Mahe
 SD,SS	+1536+03232	Africa/Khartoum
 SE	+5920+01803	Europe/Stockholm
 SG	+0117+10351	Asia/Singapore
 SR	+0550-05510	America/Paramaribo
 SV	+1342-08912	America/El_Salvador
 SY	+3330+03618	Asia/Damascus
 TC	+2128-07108	America/Grand_Turk
 TD	+1207+01503	Africa/Ndjamena
 TF	-492110+0701303	Indian/Kerguelen	Kerguelen, St Paul Island, Amsterdam Island
 TH,KH,LA,VN	+1345+10031	Asia/Bangkok	Indochina (most areas)
 TJ	+3835+06848	Asia/Dushanbe
 TK	-0922-17114	Pacific/Fakaofo
 TL	-0833+12535	Asia/Dili
 TM	+3757+05823	Asia/Ashgabat
 TN	+3648+01011	Africa/Tunis
 TO	-2110-17510	Pacific/Tongatapu
 TR	+4101+02858	Europe/Istanbul
 TT,AG,AI,BL,DM,GD,GP,KN,LC,MF,MS,VC,VG,VI	+1039-06131	America/Port_of_Spain
 TV	-0831+17913	Pacific/Funafuti
 TW	+2503+12130	Asia/Taipei
 UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	Ukraine (most areas)
 UA	+4837+02218	Europe/Uzhgorod	Ruthenia
 UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye/Zaporizhia; Lugansk/Luhansk (east)
 UM	+1917+16637	Pacific/Wake	Wake Island
 US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern (most areas)
 US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern - MI (most areas)
 US	+381515-0854534	America/Kentucky/Louisville	Eastern - KY (Louisville area)
 US	+364947-0845057	America/Kentucky/Monticello	Eastern - KY (Wayne)
 US	+394606-0860929	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	Eastern - IN (most areas)
 US	+384038-0873143	America/Indiana/Vincennes	Eastern - IN (Da, Du, K, Mn)
 US	+410305-0863611	America/Indiana/Winamac	Eastern - IN (Pulaski)
 US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern - IN (Crawford)
 US	+382931-0871643	America/Indiana/Petersburg	Eastern - IN (Pike)
 US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern - IN (Switzerland)
 US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central (most areas)
 US	+375711-0864541	America/Indiana/Tell_City	Central - IN (Perry)
 US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Central - IN (Starke)
 US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central - MI (Wisconsin border)
 US	+470659-1011757	America/North_Dakota/Center	Central - ND (Oliver)
 US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central - ND (Morton rural)
 US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central - ND (Mercer)
 US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain (most areas)
 US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain - ID (south); OR (east)
 US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	MST - Arizona (except Navajo)
 US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific
 US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska (most areas)
 US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska - Juneau area
 US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska - Sitka area
 US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Alaska - Annette Island
 US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska - Yakutat
 US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska (west)
 US	+515248-1763929	America/Adak	Aleutian Islands
 US,UM	+211825-1575130	Pacific/Honolulu	Hawaii
 UY	-3453-05611	America/Montevideo
 UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	Uzbekistan (west)
 UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent	Uzbekistan (east)
 VE	+1030-06656	America/Caracas
 VN	+1045+10640	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	Vietnam (south)
 VU	-1740+16825	Pacific/Efate
 WF	-1318-17610	Pacific/Wallis
 WS	-1350-17144	Pacific/Apia
 ZA,LS,SZ	-2615+02800	Africa/Johannesburg
Index: vendor/tzdata/dist/zoneinfo2tdf.pl
===================================================================
--- vendor/tzdata/dist/zoneinfo2tdf.pl	(nonexistent)
+++ vendor/tzdata/dist/zoneinfo2tdf.pl	(revision 308265)
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl -w
+
+# Courtesy Ken Pizzini.
+
+use strict;
+
+#This file released to the public domain.
+
+# Note: error checking is poor; trust the output only if the input
+# has been checked by zic.
+
+my $contZone = '';
+while (<>) {
+  my $origline = $_;
+  my @fields = ();
+  while (s/^\s*((?:"[^"]*"|[^\s#])+)//) {
+    push @fields, $1;
+  }
+  next unless @fields;
+
+  my $type = lc($fields[0]);
+  if ($contZone) {
+    @fields >= 3 or warn "bad continuation line";
+    unshift @fields, '+', $contZone;
+    $type = 'zone';
+  }
+
+  $contZone = '';
+  if ($type eq 'zone') {
+    # Zone  NAME  GMTOFF  RULES/SAVE  FORMAT  [UNTIL]
+    my $nfields = @fields;
+    $nfields >= 5 or warn "bad zone line";
+    if ($nfields > 6) {
+      #this splice is optional, depending on one's preference
+      #(one big date-time field, or componentized date and time):
+      splice(@fields, 5, $nfields-5, "@fields[5..$nfields-1]");
+    }
+    $contZone = $fields[1] if @fields > 5;
+  } elsif ($type eq 'rule') {
+    # Rule  NAME  FROM  TO  TYPE  IN  ON  AT  SAVE  LETTER/S
+    @fields == 10 or warn "bad rule line";
+  } elsif ($type eq 'link') {
+    # Link  TARGET  LINK-NAME
+    @fields == 3 or warn "bad link line";
+  } elsif ($type eq 'leap') {
+    # Leap  YEAR  MONTH  DAY  HH:MM:SS  CORR  R/S
+    @fields == 7 or warn "bad leap line";
+  } else {
+    warn "Fubar at input line $.: $origline";
+  }
+  print join("\t", @fields), "\n";
+}

Property changes on: vendor/tzdata/dist/zoneinfo2tdf.pl
___________________________________________________________________
Added: svn:eol-style
## -0,0 +1 ##
+native
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:executable
## -0,0 +1 ##
+*
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:keywords
## -0,0 +1 ##
+FreeBSD=%H
\ No newline at end of property
Added: svn:mime-type
## -0,0 +1 ##
+text/plain
\ No newline at end of property