Index: stable/9/contrib/tzdata/africa =================================================================== --- stable/9/contrib/tzdata/africa (revision 307362) +++ stable/9/contrib/tzdata/africa (revision 307363) @@ -1,1182 +1,1188 @@ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): # # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. # # Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. # # For data circa 1899, a common source is: # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). # # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, # but Mark R V Murray reports that # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference. # # To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. # # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of # until we get more information. # # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time # Algeria # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's # more precise 0:09:21. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 1:00 - CET # Angola # Benin # See Africa/Lagos. # Botswana # See Africa/Maputo. # Burkina Faso # See Africa/Abidjan. # Burundi # See Africa/Maputo. # Cameroon # See Africa/Lagos. # Cape Verde # # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT. # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf # merely made it official? # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 -1:00 - CVT # Central African Republic # See Africa/Lagos. # Chad # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 1:00 - WAT # Comoros # See Africa/Nairobi. # Democratic Republic of the Congo # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. # Republic of the Congo # See Africa/Lagos. # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena # Djibouti # See Africa/Nairobi. ############################################################################### # Egypt # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." # # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 # or # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday # after observing the daylight saving time since May. # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): # # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = # Apr 23 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = # Apr 24 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = # Aug 27 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = # Aug 27 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 # # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= # :59) # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ # # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. # # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 # [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 # [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday # in September. # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet # Information and Decision Support Center: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html # # The Middle East News Agency # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine # (at least today). # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during # Ramadan. # # Arabic translation: # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is # no information about when DST will end this fall. See: # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last # Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but # dates not yet announced.... # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at # least for 2015. # # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the # practice altogether in future years." # # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his # decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx +# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): +# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... +# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx +# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): +# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, + Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 2:00 Egypt EE%sT # Equatorial Guinea # See Africa/Lagos. # Eritrea # Ethiopia # See Africa/Nairobi. # Gabon # See Africa/Lagos. # Gambia # See Africa/Abidjan. # Ghana # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; # and September 1 to January 1 is given by: # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 0:00 Ghana %s # Guinea # See Africa/Abidjan. # Guinea-Bissau # # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 -1:00 - WAT 1975 0:00 - GMT # Kenya # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 3:00 - EAT 1930 2:30 - BEAT 1940 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 3:00 - EAT Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte # Lesotho # See Africa/Johannesburg. # Liberia # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; # go with Shanks & Pottenger. # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 0:00 - GMT ############################################################################### # Libya # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc # # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html # # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on # lastFri instead of lastSun). # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was # cancelled yesterday.... # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ # # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): -# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2. +# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 2:00 - EET 1982 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 2:00 - EET # Madagascar # See Africa/Nairobi. # Malawi # See Africa/Maputo. # Mali # Mauritania # See Africa/Abidjan. # Mauritius # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial # basis.... # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): # According to # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). # # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which # changes two days later. # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... # # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): # The Government of Mauritius weblink # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: # # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 # and end on 29 March 2009. # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe # DST the coming summer... # # Some sources, in French: # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- # # Our wrap-up: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time # Agalega Is, Rodriguez # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius # Mayotte # See Africa/Nairobi. # Morocco # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. # # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." # # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe # Presse: # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view # # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. # spokesman. # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): # According to this article: # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html # (and republished here: ) # the changes occur at midnight: # # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) # Sunday night the 28th at midnight # # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive # June 1st to Sept 27th. # # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree # published on the web. # # It's also confirmed here: # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet # posted in English). # # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end # of September: # # One article about it (in French): # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default # # We have some further details posted here: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according # to many sources, such as # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 # (French) # # Our summary: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics # # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. # # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. # # Example: # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html # (French) # Our page: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 # ...Official links of change in morocco # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at # +212.537.71.84.00 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ # They said that # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view # is the official publication to look at. # They said that the decision was already taken. # # More articles in the press # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): # They have it written in English here: # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view # # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has # also been like that in the past. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) # except the month of Ramadan. # or (brief) # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): # Seen Morocco change again: # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, # comme annoncé précédemment." # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] # # Google translation, lightly edited: # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official # source (French): # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 # From Milamber (2015-06-08): # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, # 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). # Source (french): # http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ # # From Milamber (2015-06-09): # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 # # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in # agrees # with the patch. # From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08): # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules, # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last # Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after # Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the # results integrated by hand into the table below. # (let ((islamic-year 1437)) # (require 'cal-islam) # (while (< islamic-year 1460) # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) # (sunday 0)) # (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) # (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) # (setq b (1+ b))) # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) # (insert # (format # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 - +Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S -Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 1:00 - CET 1986 0:00 Morocco WE%sT # Western Sahara # # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as # Morocco does. # # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 0:00 Morocco WE%sT # Mozambique # # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf # merely made it official? # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - CAT Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia # Namibia # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest # of the country. # # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 1:00 Namibia WA%sT # Niger # See Africa/Lagos. # Nigeria # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1:00 - WAT Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin # Réunion # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time # # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. # # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. # The following information about them is taken from # Îles Éparses (, 1997-07-22, # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). # We have no info about their time zone histories. # # Bassas da India - uninhabited # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 # Rwanda # See Africa/Maputo. # St Helena # See Africa/Abidjan. # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): # on GMT, says the CIA # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited # São Tomé and Príncipe # Senegal # See Africa/Abidjan. # Seychelles # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. # Sierra Leone # See Africa/Abidjan. # Somalia # See Africa/Nairobi. # South Africa # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 2:00 SA SAST Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland # # Marion and Prince Edward Is # scientific station since 1947 # no information # Sudan # # From # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 3:00 - EAT # South Sudan Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba # Swaziland # See Africa/Johannesburg. # Tanzania # See Africa/Nairobi. # Togo # See Africa/Abidjan. # Tunisia # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News # , in a story attributed to AP # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next # Saturday." (My translation) # # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, # 1h standard time. # # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. # (Arabic) # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp # # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency # # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): # # (in English) # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 # # (in Arabic) # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 # # (translation): # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on # Sunday... # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." # # (in Arabic) # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's # more precise 0:09:21. # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT # Uganda # See Africa/Nairobi. # Zambia # Zimbabwe # See Africa/Maputo. Index: stable/9/contrib/tzdata/antarctica =================================================================== --- stable/9/contrib/tzdata/antarctica (revision 307362) +++ stable/9/contrib/tzdata/antarctica (revision 307363) @@ -1,337 +1,334 @@ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see # COMNAP - Stations and Bases # http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/ # and # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) # http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm # for information. # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. -# -# Except for the French entries, -# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! -# FORMAT is 'zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. +# FORMAT is '-00' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. + # Argentina - year-round bases # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 # Carlini, Potter Cove, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 # Esperanza, Hope Bay, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 # Marambio, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 # San Martín, Barry I, -6808-06706, since 1951-03-21 # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) # Australia - territories # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered # Margaret Turner reports # http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html -# (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; +# (1999-09-30) that they're UT +05, with no DST; # presumably this is when they have visitors. # # year-round bases # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11): # Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone: # Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11 # Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5 # Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5 # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times). # # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division) # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079 # # We have more background information here: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ... # # - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010. # The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but # has not been decided yet. # # - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010 # 20:00 UTC. # # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5. # # Background: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 - 8:00 - AWST 2009 Oct 18 2:00 - # Australian Western Std Time - 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00 # Casey Time - 8:00 - AWST 2011 Oct 28 2:00 - 11:00 - CAST 2012 Feb 21 17:00u - 8:00 - AWST -Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 - 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time - 0 - zzz 1969 Feb - 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 - 5:00 - DAVT 2010 Mar 10 20:00u - 7:00 - DAVT 2011 Oct 28 2:00 - 5:00 - DAVT 2012 Feb 21 20:00u - 7:00 - DAVT -Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 - 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 # Mawson Time - 5:00 - MAWT +Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - -00 1969 + 8:00 - +08 2009 Oct 18 2:00 + 11:00 - +11 2010 Mar 5 2:00 + 8:00 - +08 2011 Oct 28 2:00 + 11:00 - +11 2012 Feb 21 17:00u + 8:00 - +08 +Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - -00 1957 Jan 13 + 7:00 - +07 1964 Nov + 0 - -00 1969 Feb + 7:00 - +07 2009 Oct 18 2:00 + 5:00 - +05 2010 Mar 10 20:00u + 7:00 - +07 2011 Oct 28 2:00 + 5:00 - +05 2012 Feb 21 20:00u + 7:00 - +07 +Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - -00 1954 Feb 13 + 6:00 - +06 2009 Oct 18 2:00 + 5:00 - +05 # References: # Casey Weather (1998-02-26) # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html # Belgium - year-round base # Princess Elisabeth, Queen Maud Land, -713412+0231200, since 2007 # Brazil - year-round base # Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 # Bulgaria - year-round base # St. Kliment Ohridski, Livingston Island, -623829-0602153, since 1988 # Chile - year-round bases and towns # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 # Frei Montalva, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 # O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 # Prat, -6230-05941 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. # China - year-round bases # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 # France - year-round bases (also see "France & Italy") # # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): # Time data entries are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adélie bases # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adélie supplies came # from Tasmania. # # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants # # Alfred Faure, Possession Island, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964; # sealing & whaling stations operated variously 1802/1911+; # see Indian/Reunion. # # Martin-de-Viviès, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 # Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 # # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Français - 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time +Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français + 5:00 - +05 # # year-round base in the main continent # Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 # (2005-12-05) # # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 - 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time - 0 - zzz 1956 Nov - 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time +Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947 + 10:00 - +10 1952 Jan 14 + 0 - -00 1956 Nov + 10:00 - +10 # France & Italy - year-round base # Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005 # Germany - year-round base # Neumayer III, -704080-0081602, since 2009 # India - year-round bases # Bharati, -692428+0761114, since 2012 # Maitri, -704558+0114356, since 1989 # Italy - year-round base (also see "France & Italy") # Zuchelli, Terra Nova Bay, -744140+1640647, since 1986 # Japan - year-round bases # Syowa (also known as Showa), -690022+0393524, since 1957 # # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. # # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 - 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time +Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29 + 3:00 - +03 # See: # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) # http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html # S Korea - year-round base # Jang Bogo, Terra Nova Bay, -743700+1641205 since 2014 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 # New Zealand - claims # Balleny Islands (never inhabited) # Scott Island (never inhabited) # # year-round base # Scott Base, Ross Island, since 1957-01. # See Pacific/Auckland. # Norway - territories # Bouvet (never inhabited) # # claims # Peter I Island (never inhabited) # # year-round base # Troll, Queen Maud Land, -720041+0023206, since 2005-02-12 # # From Paul-Inge Flakstad (2014-03-10): # I recently had a long dialog about this with the developer of timegenie.com. # In the absence of specific dates, he decided to choose some likely ones: # GMT +1 - From March 1 to the last Sunday in March # GMT +2 - From the last Sunday in March until the last Sunday in October # GMT +1 - From the last Sunday in October until November 7 # GMT +0 - From November 7 until March 1 # The dates for switching to and from UTC+0 will probably not be absolutely # correct, but they should be quite close to the actual dates. # # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-21): -# The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tzcode 2014b or later, so as +# The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tz 2014b or later, so as # suggested by Bengt-Inge Larsson comment them out for now, and approximate # with only UTC and CEST. Uncomment them when 2014b is more prevalent. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -#Rule Troll 2005 max - Mar 1 1:00u 1:00 CET -Rule Troll 2005 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 2:00 CEST -#Rule Troll 2005 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 1:00 CET -#Rule Troll 2004 max - Nov 7 1:00u 0:00 UTC +#Rule Troll 2005 max - Mar 1 1:00u 1:00 +01 +Rule Troll 2005 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 2:00 +02 +#Rule Troll 2005 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 1:00 +01 +#Rule Troll 2004 max - Nov 7 1:00u 0:00 +00 # Remove the following line when uncommenting the above '#Rule' lines. -Rule Troll 2004 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0:00 UTC +Rule Troll 2004 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0:00 +00 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Antarctica/Troll 0 - zzz 2005 Feb 12 +Zone Antarctica/Troll 0 - -00 2005 Feb 12 0:00 Troll %s # Poland - year-round base # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 # Romania - year-bound base # Law-Racoviță, Larsemann Hills, -692319+0762251, since 1986 # Russia - year-round bases # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, # year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15): # http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same # time as Moscow, Russia. # # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is # what they had to say about time there: # "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT." # # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it # in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time -# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. +# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess +06. # -Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 - 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time +Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - -00 1957 Dec 16 + 6:00 - +06 # S Africa - year-round bases # Marion Island, -4653+03752 # SANAE IV, Vesleskarvet, Queen Maud Land, -714022-0025026, since 1997 # Ukraine - year-round base # Vernadsky (formerly Faraday), Galindez Island, -651445-0641526, since 1954 # United Kingdom # # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims # South Orkney Islands # scientific station from 1903 # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 # South Shetland Islands # # year-round bases # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, # scientific station 1943/1967, # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, # and a garrison was deployed briefly # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 # Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated # so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 # # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) # says Rothera is -03 all year. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 - -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time +Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - -00 1976 Dec 1 + -3:00 - -03 # Uruguay - year round base # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 # USA - year-round bases # # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) # See 'southamerica' for Antarctica/Palmer, since it uses South American DST. # # McMurdo Station, Ross Island, since 1955-12 # Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 # # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 Degrees South.) # # From Susan Smith # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): # We use the same time as McMurdo does. # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... # One last quirk about South Pole time. # All the electric clocks are usually wrong. # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! # # See 'australasia' for Antarctica/McMurdo. Index: stable/9/contrib/tzdata/asia =================================================================== --- stable/9/contrib/tzdata/asia (revision 307362) +++ stable/9/contrib/tzdata/asia (revision 307363) @@ -1,2880 +1,3058 @@ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): # # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. # # Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. # # For data circa 1899, a common source is: # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 # # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). # # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. # Corrections are welcome! # std dst # LMT Local Mean Time # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time # 2:00 IST IDT Israel # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran* # 4:00 GST Gulf* # 5:30 IST India # 7:00 ICT Indochina, most times and locations* # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) # 8:00 CST China # 8:00 IDT Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)* # 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)* # 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830* # 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937) # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) # 9:00 JST JDT Japan # 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time # # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. # From Guy Harris: # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. ############################################################################### # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - -Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - -Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S -Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - -Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - -Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2011 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2011 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Afghanistan # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 4:00 - AFT 1945 4:30 - AFT # Armenia # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to # follow Russia's "old" rules. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html # # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. # or # (brief) # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time - 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence - 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s - 4:00 - AMT 1997 - 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s - 4:00 - AMT + 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 1997 + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 # Azerbaijan + # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). # http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17): +# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to +# daylight saving time.... +# http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html +# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html +# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S -Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - +Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S +Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time - 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence - 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 - 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan Time - 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 - 4:00 Azer AZ%sT + 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 1996 + 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997 + 4:00 Azer +04/+05 # Bahrain # See Asia/Qatar. # Bangladesh # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 # # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html # # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from # June # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with # crippling power crisis. " # # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. # # Some sources: # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 # # Our wrap-up: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). # # No DST end date has been announced yet. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. # # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would # "continue for an indefinite period." # # One of many places where it is published: # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. # # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html # # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime # Minister's Office last night..." # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 6:00 - BDT 2009 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT # Bhutan # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time # British Indian Ocean Territory # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which # then contained the Chagos Archipelago). # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 6:00 - IOT # Brunei # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 7:30 - BNT 1933 8:00 - BNT # Burma / Myanmar # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon +Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time # Cambodia # See Asia/Bangkok. # China # From Guy Harris: # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. # # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): # # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 # 1987 mid-April - ?? # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began # observing daylight saving time in 1986. # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but # this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so # go with them for DST rules as follows: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). # # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14): # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: # # (1) # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003) # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it # could well have ignored any such mandate. # # (2) # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China # [undated and unknown publication location] # It says several things: # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective # the official calendar book of 1914. # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) # Observatory and set to local mean time. # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it # became used by railways as well. # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in # Japanese-occupied territory. # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. # # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the -# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8. +# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08. # # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: # -# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5 +# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin # -# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8 +# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08 # Asia/Shanghai # most of China # This currently represents most other zones as well, # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970. # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. -# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century". +# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century". # -# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7 +# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of the area) UT +07 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. # -# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6 +# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06 # Asia/Urumqi # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well, # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970. # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. # -# Kunlun Time UT+5.5 +# Kunlun Time UT +05:30 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi) # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, # and Yarkand. # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese # they implicitly use Beijing time. # # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two -# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang +# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. # # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) # # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and # others moving their clocks ahead.) # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): # # 1. Wulumuqi... # 2. Kashi... # 3. Urumqi... # 4. Kashgar... # ... # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. # # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any # start date for Xinjiang time. # # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as # having the same time as Beijing. # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): -# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but -# this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, +# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) +# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. # # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" # (2014-04-22). # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to -# XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, +# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a -# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before -# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and +# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before +# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the -# UT+8 mandate back then. +# +08 mandate back then. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 8:00 PRC C%sT # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 6:00 - XJT # Hong Kong (Xianggang) # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be # obtained from # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): # Here are the dates given at # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm # as of 2009-10-28: # Year Period # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep # 1942 Whole year # 1943 Whole year # 1944 Whole year # 1945 Whole year # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct # 1977 Nil # 1978 Nil # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct # 1980 to Now Nil # The page does not give start or end times of day. # The page does not give a start date for 1942. # The page does not givw an end date for 1945. # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 8:00 HK HK%sT ############################################################################### # Taiwan # From smallufo (2010-04-03): # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be # found on Wikisource: # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone # declared officially. # # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time # (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can # be found on Wikisource: # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 # # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937. # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9 # back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time # zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact # that: # # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using # the time at 135E (GMT+9) # # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. # # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard # Time. # # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this # would be a good one. # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. # # Original Bulletin: # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) # # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: # # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 # # Here is a brief translation: # # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time # adoption till Oct 31 midnight. # # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can # be found from historical government announcement database. # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): -# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01 +# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 8:00 Taiwan C%sT # Macau (Macao, Aomen) # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 8:00 PRC C%sT ############################################################################### # Cyprus # # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia # Georgia # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. # # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. # # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): # # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process # of integration into Europe. # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. # Go with Byalokoz. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time - 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time - 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence - 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time - 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun - 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun - 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun - 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 - 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 - 4:00 - GET + 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 + 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun + 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun + 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun + 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27 + 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 + 4:00 - +04 # East Timor # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in # East Timor may be late for its millennium # (1999-12-26/31): # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it # conflicts with their way of life. # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): # We don't have any record of the above attempt. # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html # (2000-08-16): # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at # midnight on Saturday, September 16. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 0:00 9:00 - TLT # India + +# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic +# http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/ +# (2015-12-22): +# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the +# outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of +# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this +# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 5:30 - IST # The following are like Asia/Kolkata: # Andaman Is # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) # Nicobar Is # Indonesia # # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta. # # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. # # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. # These would be the earliest possible times for a change. # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched -# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura +# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura # switched on 1945-09-23. # # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, # Indonesia, (2006-09-29). -# The abbreviations are: +# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are: # -# WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) -# WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) -# WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) +# WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) +# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) +# WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Java, Sumatra Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, # but this must be a typo. 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 7:30 - WIB 1964 7:00 - WIB # west and central Borneo Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 7:30 - WIB 1964 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 7:00 - WIB # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 8:00 - WITA # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1 9:30 - ACST 1964 9:00 - WIT # Iran # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: # # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] # # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country # # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: # # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of # Shahrivar. # # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi # # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. # # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious # plan to change that law.... # # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. # # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). # # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm # # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen: # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce # daylight saving time ... # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 # # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of # Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the # thirtieth day of Shahrivar. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S -Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S +# +# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038. +# These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the +# restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format. +# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite +# possibly Iran will change the rules first. +Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 S + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 3:30 Iran IR%sT # Iraq # # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and # are an hour ahead of Baghdad." # # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. # # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following # news sources (in Arabic): # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 # # We have published a short article in English about the change: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. # Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 3:00 - AST 1982 May 3:00 Iraq A%sT ############################################################################### # Israel # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): # # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three # different abbreviations in use: # # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] # # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone # settings in Israeli computers. # # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's # family is from India). # From Shanks & Pottenger: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath # ends and changes to Sunday. Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S # From Ephraim Silverberg # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, # and 2005-02-17): # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: # # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz # # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. # # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: # # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz # # where YYYY is the relevant year. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the # years 2001-2004 as well. # # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: # # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz # # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: # # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. # # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: # # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program # (2005-02-20) # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: # # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D # # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the # springtime transitions explicitly. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the # Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading # in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. # # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 2:00 Zion I%sT ############################################################################### # Japan # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who # wanted to keep it.) # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what # would have been the point of the 1951 poll? # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical # Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), # 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N. # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, # which stands for the time on 135 degrees E. # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is # standard.... # # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) # # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 9:00 Japan J%sT # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. # Jordan # # From # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time # all year round. # # From # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in # government's departments from six to seven hours. # # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. # # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. # # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". # # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 # # Google's translation: # # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday # > of the month of March of each year. # # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST # until about the same time next year (at least). # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime # Official, in Arabic: # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 # ... Our background/permalink about it # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html # ... # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 2:00 Jordan EE%sT # Kazakhstan -# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): -# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan -# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) -# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. -# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time -# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. - -# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): -# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses -# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. -# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. -# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: -# -# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. -# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. -# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. - # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11 # (2005-03-21): # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. # # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27) ([*] means see later comments below): +# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/ +# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan: # +# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR +# from 1991-02-04 No. 20 +# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545 +# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR +# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991. +# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR, +# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time. +# +# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers +# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet +# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its +# text. +# +# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20 +# (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via +# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during +# transition to "summer" time: +# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova, +# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug +# were to move clocks 1 hour forward. +# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik +# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts +# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards. +# Other territories were to not move clocks. +# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be +# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding +# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan. +# +# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170 +# was one of such changes. +# +# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время +# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that +# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast) +# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks +# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards. +# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an +# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not +# move clocks.) +# +# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while +# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06 +# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Kzyl-Orda oblast moved into the fifth +# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ... +# +# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 1992-01-13 No. 28 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_ +# (text includes modification from the 1996 act) +# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian +# 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated +# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks +# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at +# 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was +# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the +# border between them to be located east of Kustanay and Aktyubinsk +# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Kzyl-Orda oblasts into the fifth +# time belt). +# +# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for +# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyrau and Kustanay oblasts; from +# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk) [*].... +# +# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 1992-03-27 No. 284 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_ +# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Kzyl-Orda oblasts +# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth +# and the fifth time belts respectively. +# +# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 1994-09-23 No. 384 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_ +# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangystau +# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on +# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a +# result).... +# +# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 1996-05-08 No. 575 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_ +# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead +# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act. +# +# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 1999-03-26 No. 305 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_ +# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyrau oblast since the +# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth +# time belt. +# +# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05. +# +# There is no zone for Atyrau currently (listed under Asia/Aqtau in +# zone1970.tab).[*] +# +# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000 +# replaces the previous five documents. +# +# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the +# fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling +# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997 +# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Kostanay oblast +# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Kyzylorda oblast +# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the +# fourth time belt (no change in practice).[*] +# +# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_ +# modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently. +# +# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 2004-07-20 No. 775 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004 +# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Kostanay and Kyzylorda oblasts into +# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not +# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time +# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented +# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically +# amended before implementation happened. +# +# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_ +# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time" +# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the +# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyrau, West Kazakhstan, +# Kostanay, Kyzylorda and Mangystau oblasts by not moving clocks +# during the 2014 transition to "winter" time. +# +# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyrau oblast (no +# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to +# +06/+07 for Kostanay oblast (Kostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently) +# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....[*] +# +# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan +# from 2005-03-15 No. 231 +# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_ +# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the +# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15 +# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication. +# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer +# time. +# +# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation +# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details]. +# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27 +# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992. + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15): +# The tables below should reflect Stepan Golosunov's remarks above, +# except for the items marked "[*]" which I haven't gotten to yet. +# It looks like we will need new zones Asia/Atyrau and Asia/Qostanay +# to handle changes from 1992 through 2004 that we did not previously +# know about. + +# # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan +# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA, +# KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ. Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata - 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time - 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 - 6:00 - ALMT 1992 - 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 - 6:00 - ALMT -# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) + 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 + 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s + 6:00 - +06 +# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY) Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time - 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 - 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 - 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 - 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 - 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence - 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 - 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 - 6:00 - QYZT -# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 + 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 + 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 + 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s + 6:00 - +06 +# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT) Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time - 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 - 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 - 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 - 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 - 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence - 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time - 5:00 - AQTT -# Mangghystau + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 + 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 + 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 + 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s + 5:00 - +05 +# Qostanay (KZ-KUS) + +# Mangghystau (KZ-MAN) # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, # so include time stamps before 1963. Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T - 5:00 - FORT 1963 - 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time - 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 - 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 - 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence - 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time - 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 - 5:00 - AQTT -# West Kazakhstan + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 + 5:00 - +05 1963 + 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 + 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s + 5:00 - +05 + +# West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP) +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk - 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time - 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 - 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 - 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 - 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 - 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 - 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence - 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time - 5:00 - ORAT + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 + 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 + 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 + 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s + 5:00 - +05 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time - 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence - 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time - 6:00 - KGT + 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 + 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00 + 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12 + 6:00 - +06 ############################################################################### # Korea (North and South) # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): # http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 # Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it # during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced # between 1987 and 1988 ... # From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html # According to the Korean Wikipedia # http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시 # [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] # DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old # newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. # For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST # started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in # 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S -# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-30): +# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: # -# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (Edict No. 5) +# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5) # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 # (Announcement No. 338) # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) -# 1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31) # -# The Wikipedia entry also has confusing information about a change -# to UT+9 in April 1910, but then what would be the point of the later change -# to UT+9 on 1912-01-01? Omit the 1910 change for now. +# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30 +# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.) # # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. # -# For Pyongyang we have no information; guess no changes since World War II. +# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we +# have no information otherwise. # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07): # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to # the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example: # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049 # # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15): # Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See: # Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time' # http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html # There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone. # Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 9:00 ROK K%sT Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 8:30 - KST ############################################################################### # Kuwait # See Asia/Riyadh. # Laos # See Asia/Bangkok. # Lebanon # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT # Malaysia # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - # # peninsular Malaysia # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time # Sabah & Sarawak # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 8:00 - MYT # Maldives # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time # Mongolia # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World # (2005-03) both say that it has just one. # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): # General Information Mongolia # (1999-09) # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus # eight hours." # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time # of implementation may have been different.... # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd # is good enough for our purposes. # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), # there are three time zones. # # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv, # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar # # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. # # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that -# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. +# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST. # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. # He also found # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz # database on this, e.g.: # # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx # # both say GMT+08:00. # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight # schedule here: # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 # (click the English flag for English) # # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); # this is almost surely wrong. # From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): # It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use # daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of # March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of # September daylight saving time ends. Source: # http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. # # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S Rule Mongol 2015 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S Rule Mongol 2015 max - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 7:00 - ULAT 1978 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT # Nepal # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 5:30 - IST 1986 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time # Oman # See Asia/Dubai. # Pakistan # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL: # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): # DAWN reported on 2002-10-05 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: # # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. # # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): # # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. # # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." # # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 # instead of August 31. # # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in # official working." # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 # # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to # introduce DST from April 15, 2009 # # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan # April 08, 2009 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html # # .... # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to # conserve energy" # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in # this regard." # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from # October 1, 2009. # # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm # # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on # Monday." # # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without # obtaining prior approval, the officials added." # # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01): # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan # will go back to standard time on 1st of November. # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): # Steffen Thorsen wrote: # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. # > # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: # # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 # # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S -Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - +Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time # Palestine # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): # # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... # # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, # though. # # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and # East Jerusalem. # # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). # # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the # Jordanian one). # # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: # # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan # # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they # have one). # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules # to Palestine's rules. # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: # # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, # the PA has decided to implement DST in April. # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks # earlier - the same goes for Jordan. # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as # the West Bank. # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, # because of the Ramadan. # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18): # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. # # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). # # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. # # (in Arabic) # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 # # (English translation) # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. # # One news source: # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty # minutes per hour as of Friday morning." # # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different # end date, we will keep this page updated: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. # # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. # # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" # (from Palestinian National Authority): # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) # # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 # (in Arabic) # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or # noon though: # # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 # (Ma'an News Agency) # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): # According to several sources, including # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in # Gaza and the West Bank. # Some more background info: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of # Ramadan. # # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 # Additional info: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." # ... # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 # 00:00). # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. # # Many sources, including: # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). # Some of many sources in Arabic: # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 # # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html # # Our brief summary: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 # official source...: # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): # Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 # and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will # start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. # # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 # says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. # For future dates, guess the last Friday in March at 24:00 through # the first Friday on or after October 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with # the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs: # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron +# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): +# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 +# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight +# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, +# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." +# +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12): +# Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. +# Leave fall predictions alone for now. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - Rule Palestine 2014 max - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 - -Rule Palestine 2015 max - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar lastSat 1:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2:00 - EET 2012 2:00 Palestine EE%sT Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2:00 Palestine EE%sT # Paracel Is # no information # Philippines # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's # History of the International Date Line # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26): # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, # but no details] # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. # Philippine Star 2014-08-05 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 8:00 Phil PH%sT # Qatar # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 3:00 - AST Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain # Saudi Arabia # # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 # o'clock for "Arab" time). # # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the # earlier date. # # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two -# time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of +# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 3:00 - AST Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait # Singapore # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 8:00 - SGT # Spratly Is # no information # Sri Lanka # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with # Shanks and Pottenger. # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" # (, 1996-05-24, # no longer available as of 1999-08-17) # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." # # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section # (1996-10-26): # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online # (2006-04-13): # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. # From K Sethu (2006-04-25): # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. # # I recollect before the recent change the government announcements # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. # # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news # item.... # # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and # administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are # slt.lk and sltnet.lk). # # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for # all computers. # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down # and then see what people actually say in practice. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 5:30 - IST # Syria # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27): # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... # # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote: # # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." # # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 # # which using Google's translate tools says: # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date # Variation # Syrian Arab # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News # Agency (SANA)... # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times # shown above match up with midnight in Syria. # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). # # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting # clocks back 60 minutes). # # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, # two examples: # # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 # (Arabic, gov-site) # # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. # # Our summary # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. # # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm # # Our brief summary: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2:00 Syria EE%sT # Tajikistan # From Shanks & Pottenger. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time - 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s - 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time + 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 + 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s + 5:00 - +05 # Thailand # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 7:00 - ICT Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos # Turkmenistan # From Shanks & Pottenger. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad - 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time - 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 - 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence - 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 - 5:00 - TMT + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00 + 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00 + 5:00 - +05 # United Arab Emirates # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 4:00 - GST Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman # Uzbekistan # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time - 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 - 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 - 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time - 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence - 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 - 5:00 - UZT + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 + 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 + 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 + 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 + 5:00 - +05 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time - 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 - 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence - 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 - 5:00 - UZT + 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 + 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00 + 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 + 5:00 - +05 # Vietnam # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân: # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)" # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, # is quoted verbatim in: # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 # is translated by Brian Inglis in: # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html # and is the basis for the information below. # # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris. # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or # the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333... # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30, # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory # is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT. # # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00. # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. # # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. # # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội, # No. 9, Paris, February 1982. # # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)", # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000. # # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu", # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 7:00 - ICT 1942 Dec 31 23:00 8:00 - IDT 1945 Mar 14 23:00 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 2 7:00 - ICT 1947 Apr 1 8:00 - IDT 1955 Jul 1 7:00 - ICT 1959 Dec 31 23:00 8:00 - IDT 1975 Jun 13 7:00 - ICT # Yemen # See Asia/Riyadh. Index: stable/9/contrib/tzdata/australasia =================================================================== --- stable/9/contrib/tzdata/australasia (revision 307362) +++ stable/9/contrib/tzdata/australasia (revision 307363) @@ -1,1765 +1,1773 @@ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. # This file also includes Pacific islands. # Notes are at the end of this file ############################################################################### # Australia # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Northern Territory Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 9:30 Aus AC%sT # Western Australia # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 8:00 AW AW%sT Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul 8:45 AW ACW%sT # Queensland # # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after # Queensland ceased to. # # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, # so use Lindeman. # +# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): +# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday +# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the +# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and +# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone +# applies to all of the Whitsundays. +# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands +# # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 10:00 AQ AE%sT Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 10:00 Holiday AE%sT # South Australia # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 9:30 AS AC%sT # Tasmania # # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 10:00 AT AE%sT Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 10:00 AT AE%sT # Victoria # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 10:00 AV AE%sT # New South Wales # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 10:00 AN AE%sT Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 9:30 AS AC%sT # Lord Howe Island # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 10:30 LH LH%sT # Australian miscellany # # Ashmore Is, Cartier # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers # no times are set # # Coral Sea Is # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists # no times are set # # Macquarie # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. # # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do # on 4 April. # # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by # pre-2013 versions of localtime. -Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov +Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s - 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 + 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time # Christmas # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time # Cocos (Keeling) Is # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time # Fiji # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. # # "Daylight savings to commence this month" # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved # amendments: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). # # Official source: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 # # A bit more background info here: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). # # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 # which says # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to # 2am on February 26 next year. # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. # # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 # states: # # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start # on the 23rd of October, 2011. # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): # DST will start Nov. 2 this year. # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx # From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 # in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), # via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): # the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time # commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at # 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-01): # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to # 03:00 the third Sunday in January. Although ad hoc, it matches # transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future # practice than guessing no DST. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time # French Polynesia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; # it is uninhabited. # Guam # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is # Kiribati # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time -11:00 - PHOT 1995 13:00 - PHOT Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time -10:00 - LINT 1995 14:00 - LINT # N Mariana Is # See Pacific/Guam. # Marshall Is # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 12:00 - MHT Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 12:00 - MHT # Micronesia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 12:00 - KOST 1999 11:00 - KOST # Nauru # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 12:00 - NRT # New Caledonia # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 11:00 NC NC%sT ############################################################################### # New Zealand # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no # convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition # so we must duplicate the Rule lines. Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 12:00 NZ NZ%sT Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo # Auckland Is # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, # and scientific personnel have wintered # Campbell I # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered # was probably like Pacific/Auckland # Cook Is # From Shanks & Pottenger: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time -10:00 Cook CK%sT ############################################################################### # Niue # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 -11:00 - NUT # Norfolk # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 11:30 - NFT 1974 Oct 27 02:00 # Norfolk T. 11:30 1:00 NFST 1975 Mar 2 02:00 11:30 - NFT 2015 Oct 4 02:00 11:00 - NFT # Palau (Belau) # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time # Papua New Guinea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time # # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. # -# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates +# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia # http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. # -# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11 -# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time"; +# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 +# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time"; # abbreviate this as BST. See: # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ # Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00 11:00 - BST # Pitcairn # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time # American Samoa Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received # the following info: # # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first # Sunday of April 2011." # # Background info: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html # # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not # contain any dates: # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): # Please see # http://www.mcil.gov.ws # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] # # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock # (3:00am or 0300Hrs). # From David Zülke (2011-05-09): # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line # # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): # The International Date Line Act 2011 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf -# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on +# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted # accordingly. # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html # # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change # # DST # Year End Time Start Time # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - # # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours # # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html # # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 -11:30 - WSST 1950 -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa 13:00 WS WS%sT # Solomon Is # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time # Tokelau Is # # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping # December 31 this year ... # # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change # actually was to UTC-11 back then. # # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, # , page 65, says Tokelau # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger # are off by an hour starting in 1901. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 13:00 - TKT # Tonga # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 13:00 - TOT 1999 13:00 Tonga TO%sT # Tuvalu # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time # US minor outlying islands # Howland, Baker # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; # uninhabited thereafter. -# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; +# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 # until they were abandoned after the war. # Jarvis # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; # uninhabited thereafter. # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati # Johnston # # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so # treat it like Hawaii for now. # # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 # (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. # # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. # http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time # Minus One Hour". # # See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. # Kingman # uninhabited # Midway # See Pacific/Pago_Pago. # Palmyra # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati # Wake # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time # Vanuatu # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time # Wallis and Futuna # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time ############################################################################### # NOTES # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): # # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. # # Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. # # For data circa 1899, a common source is: # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). # # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. # Corrections are welcome! # std dst # LMT Local Mean Time # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia # 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia* # 9:00 JST Japan # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia # 10:00 ChST Chamorro # 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe* # 11:00 BST Bougainville* # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present # 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945* # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present* # 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present* # -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950* # -11:00 SST Samoa # -10:00 HST Hawaii # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* # # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. ############################################################################### # Australia # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving # covers New South Wales in particular. # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the # abbreviation does _not_ change... # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight # time'. # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): # # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: # # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au # # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au # # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: # # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au # # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). # # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." # # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: # # The Australian Government (2014-03-26) # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT # # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml # EST CST WST EDT CDT # # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) # # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT # # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) # http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used # # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to # appear in reports of events with international implications. # # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and # "AEDT" for Australian time zones. # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): # # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more # relevant entries in this database. # # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html # ACT # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html # SA # Standard Time Act, 1898 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. # # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan # to extend DST together in 2006. # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles # allude to it. # But not Queensland # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html # Northern Territory # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. # ... # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. # Western Australia # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus # # before reaching parliament. # ... # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST # ... # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at # work at 9.00am.) # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse # everybody again. # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; # it matches what was used in the past. # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. # Queensland # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] # # [ Dec 1990 ] # ... # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST # ... # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from # October 1989). # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised # me.) # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... # ... # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S # ... # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): # WA are trialing DST for three years. # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South # Australia and Western Australia.... # # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): # This is confirmed by the section entitled # "What's the deal with time zones???" in # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html # # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern # coast of the continent. # # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is # the largest population centre in this zone.... # # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. # # (2006-12-09): # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the # introduction of standard time in 1895. # southeast Australia # # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html # South Australia # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # ... # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST # ... # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival # is on... # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. # Tasmania # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia # (but nothing new about that). # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 # instead of the first Sunday in October. # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. # Victoria # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located # in Melbourne, Australia. # # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the # expected time. # # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. # # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. # New South Wales # From Arthur David Olson: # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. # Based on law library research by John Mackin, # who notes: # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the # legislation. This is very important to understand. # I have researched New South Wales time only... # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): # See the following official NSW source: # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ # # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of # daylight saving next year. See: # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. # # Victoria will following NSW. See: # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm # # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm # # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." # # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW # towns to use Queensland time. # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. # Yancowinna # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] # # [ Dec 1990 ] # ... # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not # # presently available. # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST # ... # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C # [followed by other Rules] # Lord Howe Island # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] # [ Dec 1990 ] # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an # hour ahead of NSW time. # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 # summer (southern hemisphere). # # From # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... # # We have a wrap-up here: # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html ############################################################################### # New Zealand # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # ... # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S # ... # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 # rather than the October 1 value. # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. # # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. # # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). # http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match -# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did +# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. ############################################################################### # Fiji # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. # From the BBC World Service in # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning # of the new millennium. # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. # Kiribati # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. # Kwajalein # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. # N Mariana Is, Guam # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; # see Asia/Manila. -# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, +# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". # Micronesia # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." # -# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 +# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html -# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. -# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. +# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. +# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. # Midway # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection # (2002-12-31): # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to # air at 6am your time. # # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years # in Midway, but we have no record of it. # Norfolk # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST # other than in 1974/5. See: # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html # Pitcairn # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. # # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known # as Pitcairn Standard Time. # # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation # somehow in light of this proclamation. # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 # ... at midnight. # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." -# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30 -# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11 +# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 +# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. -# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950, +# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. # Tonga # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm # # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). # # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. # # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 # minutes we have lost?" # # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth # to say your prayers in the morning." # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan # Government. # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): # * Tonga will introduce DST in November # # I was given this link by John Letts: # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm # # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead # (12 + 1 hour DST). # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): # According to : # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and # set back an hour on the closing date." # Alas, no indication of the time of day. # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. # (Original URL was ) # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one # hour to 1:00am. # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. # Wake # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): # # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost # impossible. # # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. ############################################################################### # The International Date Line # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): # # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. # # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the # correct date is ambiguous. # From Wikipedia (2005-08-31): # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many # independent merchant ships until World War II. # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen # (2005-03-20): # # The American Practical Navigator (2002) # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in # international waters; it ignores the international date line. Index: stable/9/contrib/tzdata/backward =================================================================== --- stable/9/contrib/tzdata/backward (revision 307362) +++ stable/9/contrib/tzdata/backward (revision 307363) @@ -1,123 +1,125 @@ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. # This file provides links between current names for time zones # and their old names. Many names changed in late 1993. # Link TARGET LINK-NAME Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmera Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Timbuktu Link America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia Link America/Adak America/Atka Link America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires America/Buenos_Aires Link America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Catamarca Link America/Atikokan America/Coral_Harbour Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Cordoba Link America/Tijuana America/Ensenada Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Fort_Wayne Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Indianapolis Link America/Argentina/Jujuy America/Jujuy Link America/Indiana/Knox America/Knox_IN Link America/Kentucky/Louisville America/Louisville Link America/Argentina/Mendoza America/Mendoza Link America/Toronto America/Montreal Link America/Rio_Branco America/Porto_Acre Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Rosario +Link America/Tijuana America/Santa_Isabel Link America/Denver America/Shiprock Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Virgin Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/South_Pole Link Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad Link Asia/Kolkata Asia/Calcutta Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chongqing Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chungking Link Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dacca Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Harbin Link Asia/Urumqi Asia/Kashgar Link Asia/Kathmandu Asia/Katmandu Link Asia/Macau Asia/Macao +Link Asia/Yangon Asia/Rangoon Link Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Asia/Saigon Link Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Tel_Aviv Link Asia/Thimphu Asia/Thimbu Link Asia/Makassar Asia/Ujung_Pandang Link Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Ulan_Bator Link Atlantic/Faroe Atlantic/Faeroe Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen Link Australia/Sydney Australia/ACT Link Australia/Sydney Australia/Canberra Link Australia/Lord_Howe Australia/LHI Link Australia/Sydney Australia/NSW Link Australia/Darwin Australia/North Link Australia/Brisbane Australia/Queensland Link Australia/Adelaide Australia/South Link Australia/Hobart Australia/Tasmania Link Australia/Melbourne Australia/Victoria Link Australia/Perth Australia/West Link Australia/Broken_Hill Australia/Yancowinna Link America/Rio_Branco Brazil/Acre Link America/Noronha Brazil/DeNoronha Link America/Sao_Paulo Brazil/East Link America/Manaus Brazil/West Link America/Halifax Canada/Atlantic Link America/Winnipeg Canada/Central Link America/Regina Canada/East-Saskatchewan Link America/Toronto Canada/Eastern Link America/Edmonton Canada/Mountain Link America/St_Johns Canada/Newfoundland Link America/Vancouver Canada/Pacific Link America/Regina Canada/Saskatchewan Link America/Whitehorse Canada/Yukon Link America/Santiago Chile/Continental Link Pacific/Easter Chile/EasterIsland Link America/Havana Cuba Link Africa/Cairo Egypt Link Europe/Dublin Eire Link Europe/London Europe/Belfast Link Europe/Chisinau Europe/Tiraspol Link Europe/London GB Link Europe/London GB-Eire Link Etc/GMT GMT+0 Link Etc/GMT GMT-0 Link Etc/GMT GMT0 Link Etc/GMT Greenwich Link Asia/Hong_Kong Hongkong Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland Link Asia/Tehran Iran Link Asia/Jerusalem Israel Link America/Jamaica Jamaica Link Asia/Tokyo Japan Link Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein Link Africa/Tripoli Libya Link America/Tijuana Mexico/BajaNorte Link America/Mazatlan Mexico/BajaSur Link America/Mexico_City Mexico/General Link Pacific/Auckland NZ Link Pacific/Chatham NZ-CHAT Link America/Denver Navajo Link Asia/Shanghai PRC Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Samoa Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap Link Europe/Warsaw Poland Link Europe/Lisbon Portugal Link Asia/Taipei ROC Link Asia/Seoul ROK Link Asia/Singapore Singapore Link Europe/Istanbul Turkey Link Etc/UCT UCT Link America/Anchorage US/Alaska Link America/Adak US/Aleutian Link America/Phoenix US/Arizona Link America/Chicago US/Central Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis US/East-Indiana Link America/New_York US/Eastern Link Pacific/Honolulu US/Hawaii Link America/Indiana/Knox US/Indiana-Starke Link America/Detroit US/Michigan Link America/Denver US/Mountain Link America/Los_Angeles US/Pacific Link Pacific/Pago_Pago US/Samoa Link Etc/UTC UTC Link Etc/UTC Universal Link Europe/Moscow W-SU Link Etc/UTC Zulu Index: stable/9/contrib/tzdata/etcetera =================================================================== --- stable/9/contrib/tzdata/etcetera (revision 307362) +++ stable/9/contrib/tzdata/etcetera (revision 307363) @@ -1,80 +1,78 @@ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. # These entries are mostly present for historical reasons, so that # people in areas not otherwise covered by the tz files could "zic -l" # to a time zone that was right for their area. These days, the # tz files cover almost all the inhabited world, and the only practical # need now for the entries that are not on UTC are for ships at sea # that cannot use POSIX TZ settings. +# Starting with POSIX 1003.1-2001, the entries below are all +# unnecessary as settings for the TZ environment variable. E.g., +# instead of TZ='Etc/GMT+4' one can use the POSIX setting TZ='<-04>+4'. +# +# Do not use a POSIX TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours +# behind GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT". + Zone Etc/GMT 0 - GMT Zone Etc/UTC 0 - UTC Zone Etc/UCT 0 - UCT # The following link uses older naming conventions, # but it belongs here, not in the file 'backward', # as functions like gmtime load the "UTC" file to handle leap seconds properly. # We want this to work even on installations that omit the other older names. Link Etc/UTC UTC Link Etc/UTC Etc/Universal Link Etc/UTC Etc/Zulu Link Etc/GMT Etc/Greenwich Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT-0 Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT+0 Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT0 -# We use POSIX-style signs in the Zone names and the output abbreviations, +# Be consistent with POSIX TZ settings in the Zone names, # even though this is the opposite of what many people expect. # POSIX has positive signs west of Greenwich, but many people expect # positive signs east of Greenwich. For example, TZ='Etc/GMT+4' uses -# the abbreviation "GMT+4" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UT +# the abbreviation "-04" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UT # (i.e. west of Greenwich) even though many people would expect it to # mean 4 hours ahead of UT (i.e. east of Greenwich). -# -# In the draft 5 of POSIX 1003.1-200x, the angle bracket notation allows for -# TZ='+4'; if you want time zone abbreviations conforming to -# ISO 8601 you can use TZ='<-0400>+4'. Thus the commonly-expected -# offset is kept within the angle bracket (and is used for display) -# while the POSIX sign is kept outside the angle bracket (and is used -# for calculation). -# -# Do not use a TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours behind -# GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT". # Earlier incarnations of this package were not POSIX-compliant, # and had lines such as # Zone GMT-12 -12 - GMT-1200 # We did not want things to change quietly if someone accustomed to the old # way does a # zic -l GMT-12 # so we moved the names into the Etc subdirectory. +# Also, the time zone abbreviations are now compatible with %z. -Zone Etc/GMT-14 14 - GMT-14 # 14 hours ahead of GMT -Zone Etc/GMT-13 13 - GMT-13 -Zone Etc/GMT-12 12 - GMT-12 -Zone Etc/GMT-11 11 - GMT-11 -Zone Etc/GMT-10 10 - GMT-10 -Zone Etc/GMT-9 9 - GMT-9 -Zone Etc/GMT-8 8 - GMT-8 -Zone Etc/GMT-7 7 - GMT-7 -Zone Etc/GMT-6 6 - GMT-6 -Zone Etc/GMT-5 5 - GMT-5 -Zone Etc/GMT-4 4 - GMT-4 -Zone Etc/GMT-3 3 - GMT-3 -Zone Etc/GMT-2 2 - GMT-2 -Zone Etc/GMT-1 1 - GMT-1 -Zone Etc/GMT+1 -1 - GMT+1 -Zone Etc/GMT+2 -2 - GMT+2 -Zone Etc/GMT+3 -3 - GMT+3 -Zone Etc/GMT+4 -4 - GMT+4 -Zone Etc/GMT+5 -5 - GMT+5 -Zone Etc/GMT+6 -6 - GMT+6 -Zone Etc/GMT+7 -7 - GMT+7 -Zone Etc/GMT+8 -8 - GMT+8 -Zone Etc/GMT+9 -9 - GMT+9 -Zone Etc/GMT+10 -10 - GMT+10 -Zone Etc/GMT+11 -11 - GMT+11 -Zone Etc/GMT+12 -12 - GMT+12 +Zone Etc/GMT-14 14 - +14 +Zone Etc/GMT-13 13 - +13 +Zone Etc/GMT-12 12 - +12 +Zone Etc/GMT-11 11 - +11 +Zone Etc/GMT-10 10 - +10 +Zone Etc/GMT-9 9 - +09 +Zone Etc/GMT-8 8 - +08 +Zone Etc/GMT-7 7 - +07 +Zone Etc/GMT-6 6 - +06 +Zone Etc/GMT-5 5 - +05 +Zone Etc/GMT-4 4 - +04 +Zone Etc/GMT-3 3 - +03 +Zone Etc/GMT-2 2 - +02 +Zone Etc/GMT-1 1 - +01 +Zone Etc/GMT+1 -1 - -01 +Zone Etc/GMT+2 -2 - -02 +Zone Etc/GMT+3 -3 - -03 +Zone Etc/GMT+4 -4 - -04 +Zone Etc/GMT+5 -5 - -05 +Zone Etc/GMT+6 -6 - -06 +Zone Etc/GMT+7 -7 - -07 +Zone Etc/GMT+8 -8 - -08 +Zone Etc/GMT+9 -9 - -09 +Zone Etc/GMT+10 -10 - -10 +Zone Etc/GMT+11 -11 - -11 +Zone Etc/GMT+12 -12 - -12 Index: stable/9/contrib/tzdata/europe =================================================================== --- stable/9/contrib/tzdata/europe (revision 307362) +++ stable/9/contrib/tzdata/europe (revision 307363) @@ -1,3417 +1,3760 @@ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): # # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. # # Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). # # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. # # Other sources occasionally used include: # # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), # which I found in the UCLA library. # # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition # # [PDF] (1914-03) # # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 # . He writes: # "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. # # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. # This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html # The full Russian citation is: # Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток # введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го # июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград: # Десятая гос. тип., 1919. # http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf # # Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO), # History of Summer Time # # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) # # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. # Corrections are welcome! # std dst 2dst # LMT Local Mean Time # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971) # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe -# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)* -# 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Minsk, Moscow +# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, # Luxembourg, the Netherlands. # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) # ... # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. # ... # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed # in the Directive. ############################################################################### # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): # # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph # of the text said: # # 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking # along the towpath within a few yards of it.' # # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's # position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. # # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): # # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. # # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19): # The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time # informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year. # Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the # New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946), # whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value # after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research. # In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society # that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See: # Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg. # Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734 # http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html # Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal # did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten. # # In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915), # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society # who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, # designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial, # which is permanently set to Summer Time. # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the # foundations of civilization throughout the world. # -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; # republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 # http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". # The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see: # Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press # ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8. # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) # From: Jonathan Leffler # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in # politics making a fortune, not computing. # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time # which is to be introduced in May.... # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" # which could not be said to run counter to any official description. # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): # Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, # so we use 'BDST'. # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating # and extending this list, which can be found in # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): # # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; # see Lord Tanlaw's speech # http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. # # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger # are incorrect: # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. # It actually just had one transition. # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. # Actually, it conformed to Britain. # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). # # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to # conform with Great Britain. # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. # # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; # we'll ignore it for now. # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. # # # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than # Shanks & Pottenger. # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was # to London. For example: # # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." # -- James Joyce, Ulysses # "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time # was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that # would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed # Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'." # -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising. # Irish Times 2014-10-27. # http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): # Irish laws are available online at . # These include various relating to legal time, for example: # # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html # # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html # # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html # # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html # # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is # .] # # (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover # the laws applicable in Ireland.) # # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time # being GMT+1.) # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): # Clive Feather (, 1997-03-31) # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time # (CT), equivalent to French civil time. # Julian Hill (, 1998-09-30) reports that # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) # and Frethun run in CT. # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, # and that the time depends on who you're talking to. # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC. # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Summer Time Act, 1916 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT # The Summer Time Act, 1922 Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST # The Summer Time Act, 1925 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST # The Summer Time Act, 1947 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST # The British Standard Time Act, 1968 # (no summer time) # The Summer Time Act, 1972 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) # See EU for rules starting in 1996. # # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 0:00 EU GMT/BST Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 0:00 EU GMT/IST ############################################################################### # Europe # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, # Common Market, etc. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. # http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13): # # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the # tz database itself, as seen below: # # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 # # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 # # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 # 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s # # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - # # The rule line to be changed is: # # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - # # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items # affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms # CET and MET: # # Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT # Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT # # It this is right then the corrected version would look like: # # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - # # A small step for mankind though 8-) Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - + +# Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union +# +# The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23). + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time +# +# Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time +# +# Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST +# +# Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST -Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD +# +Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 0:00u 1:00 MSD Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK +# +# Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD -Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer +# +# Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949 +Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 +05 +# Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - # Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - # Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in # Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): -Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - -Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S # -Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - -Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - # As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data. +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): +# Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of +# Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the +# Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227. +# +# I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have +# title at http://base.garant.ru/70754136/ : +# "About change in calculation of time on the territories of +# Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan, +# Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts". +# And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to +# contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules +# of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov +# oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989: +# a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast: +# second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1); +# b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt +# rules (Moscow time) +# c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1). + +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): +# Unamended version of the act of the +# Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992 +# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0 +# says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday +# of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September +# at 3 hours. It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October. + # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. # # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 # # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered # to be standard. # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): # The official German names ... are # # Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 # Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 # # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution # # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" # Postfach 3345 # D-38023 Braunschweig # phone: +49 531 592-0 # # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as # # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 # Albania # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 1:00 EU CE%sT # Andorra # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 1:00 EU CE%sT # Austria # Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" # date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 1:00 - CET 1946 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 1:00 EU CE%sT # Belarus +# +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02): +# http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm +# (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from +# 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00 +# on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September +# (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations). +# # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). # # Sources (Russian language): # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html # # From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09): # Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time.... # http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html -# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-08): -# Hence Belarus can share time zone abbreviations with Moscow again. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 1:00s - 3:00 - MSK + 3:00 - +03 # Belgium # # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991 # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), # pp 8-9. # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT # Bosnia and Herzegovina # See Europe/Belgrade. # Bulgaria # # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says: # EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... # EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2:00 EU EE%sT # Croatia # See Europe/Belgrade. # Cyprus # Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. # Czech Republic # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 1:00 EU CE%sT # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. # # The EU treaty with effect from 1973: # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL # # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes # in subsequent decrees with the law # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL # # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which # was suspended on that night): # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn 0:00 - WET 1981 0:00 EU WE%sT # # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. # # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing # (2001-03-15), # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: # # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC # is according to the following time line: # # The military zone near Thule UTC-4 # Standard Greenland time UTC-3 # Scoresbysund UTC-1 # Danmarkshavn UTC # # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be # introduced. # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): # # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at # the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have # info from earlier correspondence.] # # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... # # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th # email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the # DPC research station at Zackenberg. # # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb). # # The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. # # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of # this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place # there at 2:00 AM. # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; # the 1995 map as like Godthåb. # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996. # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. + +# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): +# "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named +# "National Park" by Executive Order: +# http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf +# It is their only National Park. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 0:00 - GMT Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 -1:00 EU EG%sT Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 -3:00 EU WG%sT Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base -4:00 Thule A%sT # Estonia +# +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). +# # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... # # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] # "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to # summer time next spring." # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law # http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120). # # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). # From The Baltic Times (1999-09-09) # via Steffen Thorsen: # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do # after that. # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): # Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation # No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. # Now we are using again EU rules. # # From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28): # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 2:00 EU EE%sT # Finland # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, # and it's supposed to change at 4am... # From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): # # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour # earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made # according to the central European standards. # # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in # Finnish) at # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf # # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. # # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 # # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not # exist tonight." # From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13): # [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf # pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 # say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, # 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper # mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... # On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. # # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14): # Go with Oja over Shanks. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 - Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - # Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document); # round to nearest. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 2:00 EU EE%sT # Åland Is Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn # France # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): # # Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 # # Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel, # Paris, 1991 # # Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie, # Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987 # # Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions # were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez, # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La # Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois, # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), # who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT # Germany # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23): # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by # http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ # General [Nikolai] Bersarin. # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so -# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. +# this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. # Go with the PTB. Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT # From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): # Büsingen , surrounded by the Swiss canton # Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE # (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. # DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, # which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. # # Source for the time in Büsingen 1980: # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): # Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen # Georgia # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) # is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. # Gibraltar # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1:00 - CET 1982 1:00 EU CE%sT # Greece # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 2:00 EU EE%sT # Hungary # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): # Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from: # Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945. # National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29). # http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html # This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks # & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates). # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 - Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1:00 EU CE%sT # Iceland # # From Adam David (1993-11-06): # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. # # (1993-12-05): # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of # Iceland Almanak. # # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. # # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. # # (1993-12-10): # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it # might mean something else (???). # # From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): # The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see # http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 S Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 S # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 0:00 - GMT # Italy # # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, # so record only the time in Rome. # # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and # F. Pollastri # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) # http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html # ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: # # year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W # 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s # 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S # 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W # 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S # 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W # 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S # 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s # 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S # 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s # 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) # 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s # 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s # 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S # 09-20 09-27 00:00 S # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino # Latvia # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... # # Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... # according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). # # Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... # according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). # # Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... # according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... # # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of # 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) , # in Latvian for subscribers only). # From RFE/RL Newsline # http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html # (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their # clocks one hour in the spring.... # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it # appears that they will not do so.... # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). # Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34. # Go with Byalokoz. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 2:00 EU EE%sT # Liechtenstein # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): # Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich. # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18): # http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf # ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942. # I ... translate only the last two paragraphs: # ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein # introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on # central European time was in force throughout the year. # From a report of the duke's government to the high council, # regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977. Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz # Lithuania +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). + # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. # From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) , # via Steffen Thorsen: # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) # to be valid here starting from October 31, # as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was # already done by Estonia. # From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism # (2000-03-27): # Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 2:00 EU EE%sT # Luxembourg # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; # go with Shanks & Pottenger. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT # Macedonia # See Europe/Belgrade. # Malta # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1:00 EU CE%sT # Moldova +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): +# the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04 +# http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2 +# ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR +# time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt +# plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be +# adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer" +# time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and +# reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00. + # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. # But [two people] separately reported via # Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. # # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): # Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as # "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition # to the Winter Time). # # News (in Russian): # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html # # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) # # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) # In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. # # (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) # # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) # NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own # decision to abolish DST this winter. # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. # News from Moldova (in russian): # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html # From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02): # http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01): # The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that # 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also, # http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara # says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time. # Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 - 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 - 2:00 - EET 1991 + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 May 6 2:00 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 2:00 Moldova EE%sT # Monaco # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's # more precise 0:09:21. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT # Montenegro # See Europe/Belgrade. # Netherlands # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). # # (2001-04-08): # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common # practice of following Amsterdam mean time. # # (2001-04-09): # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was # actually followed. # # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically # adopted Amsterdam mean time. # # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe # Amsterdam mean time. # The data entries before 1945 are taken from # http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - # # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT # Norway # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & # Pottenger. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT # Svalbard & Jan Mayen # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From # and # ). The law/regulation # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From # ) I have not been # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): # # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was # keeping Berlin time. # # says that the meteorologists # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite # frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly # the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. # # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says # ). The Svalbard FAQ # says that the Germans were # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) # http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. # # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo # for these regions. Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen # Poland # The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20), # pp 1-2. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, # Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., # http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 # Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. # He also gives these further references: # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) # Druk nr 2180 (2003) Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 1:00 EU CE%sT # Portugal # # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf # Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. # Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees # with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for # Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. # # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. # # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. # # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. # Go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 0:00 EU WE%sT Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u -1:00 EU AZO%sT Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 0:00 EU WE%sT # Romania # # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): # Nine O'clock # (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, # the same year as Bulgaria. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2:00 EU EE%sT # Russia # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): # Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011 # (Government document # http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ # in Russian) # there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... # All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English # by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): # Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: # http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 # They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): # Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia # changed in September 2011: # # One source is # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, # 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. # # Another source is # http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: # in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which # does not contain any "effective date" information. # # Another source is # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011... # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. # # The Wikipedia article refers to # http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 # which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. # # Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's # "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" # with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to # get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias # Conradi notes). # # None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. # # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01): # According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency) # http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562 # the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to # winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new # regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ... # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02 # Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N # 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding # areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English): # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html # # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): # Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) # http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 # http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 # http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 # From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): -# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. # # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! # I do not know why they have decided to make this change; # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. # # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): # 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. # # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. # # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): # News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with # the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began # enforcing curfew at the wrong time. # # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): # The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist # with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions # are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative # listing. The region codes listed come from # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 # and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their # future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level # divisions where available. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Europe/Kaliningrad covers... # 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). + +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): +# http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni +# confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented. +# (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that +# summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But +# 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.) +# ... +# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 +# says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided +# at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to +# Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19. + Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 3:00 - +03 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2:00 - EET -# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): +# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and +# Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Europe/Moscow covers... # 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of # 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of # 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of # 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic # 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of # 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic # 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of # 11 RU-KO Komi Republic # 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic # 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of # 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of # 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of # 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic # 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic # 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai # 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai # 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast # 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast # 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast # 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast # 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast # 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast # 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast # 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast # 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast # 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast # 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast # 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast # 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast # 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast # 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast # 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast # 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast # 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast # 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast # 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast # 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast # 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast # 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast # 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast # 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast -# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast # 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast # 77 RU-MOW Moscow # 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg # 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug +# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): +# The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919. Decree No. 59 +# (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time +# zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854 +# specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT. +# No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date; +# later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are +# taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks. +# (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.) + +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): +# 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982. +# Wikipedia refers to +# http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html +# http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm +# +# The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn +# magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to +# the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the +# same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses +# time belt changes map). +# +# The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to +# introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt +# border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous +# Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka +# according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that +# "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time +# belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on +# 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was +# supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2 +# hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01 +# is also provided. +# +# The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems +# and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not +# moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan, +# Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian, +# Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol +# krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo, +# Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and +# Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky +# district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous +# Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end +# up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow +# time. +# +# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt +# attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers +# of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds +# Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky +# district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. Probably erroneously. +# +# The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow, +# Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk. +# +# 12. Udmurtia +# The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i +# Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from +# Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act. +# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt +# implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01. +# Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991. +# +# ... +# +# All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at +# 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1 +# change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia). +# +# There were some exceptions, though. +# Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd, +# Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992 +# change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some +# lists found in the internet are quite wild.) +# +# And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment. +# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 +# says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the +# 1991-03-31 switch and one person at +# http://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html +# says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception +# 2 days before the switch. +# +# +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the +# chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries +# should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the +# time in Moscow. + # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08): # LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow # Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30").... # LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard. # (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.) # The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by # Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow # was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory # coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" > # 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 = # 2:31:19 ... # # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895). # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in # Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky. Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time - 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 + 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3:00 - MSK # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Europe/Simferopol covers... # ** **** Crimea, Republic of # ** **** Sevastopol Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2:00 - EET 1992 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. # # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it # changed in May. 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 # http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3:00 - MSK -# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): -# Europe/Volgograd covers... +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# Europe/Astrakhan covers: # 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast +# +# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12): +# On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation +# Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time).... +# This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00. +# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056 + +Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May + 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 + 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# Europe/Volgograd covers: # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast -# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast +# The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04). -# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09): -# Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300. -# Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data. - Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 - 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time - 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time - 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 - 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T - 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s - 3:00 - MSK + 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 + 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11 + 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 3:00 - +03 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# Europe/Kirov covers: +# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast +# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). +# +Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u + 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 + 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 3:00 - +03 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Europe/Samara covers... # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20. +# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). -Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 - 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 - 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 - 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 - 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time - 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 4:00 - SAMT +Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u + 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 + 4:00 - +04 1935 Jan 27 + 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1991 Sep 29 2:00s + 3:00 - +03 1991 Oct 20 3:00 + 4:00 Russia +04/+05 2010 Mar 28 2:00s + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# Europe/Ulyanovsk covers: +# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast +# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): +# Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am. +# Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ... +# 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading. +# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051 + +Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u + 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 + 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s + 4:00 - +04 + # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers... # 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of # 90 RU-PER Perm Krai # 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast # 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast # 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast # 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast # 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast # 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra # 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug # # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. # Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest. # Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. # Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. # The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 - 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time - 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s - 5:00 - YEKT + 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 + 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 5:00 Russia +05/+06 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 6:00 - +06 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 5:00 - +05 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Asia/Omsk covers... -# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic -# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai # 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30. Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 - 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time - 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s - 6:00 - OMST + 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 6:00 - +06 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22): +# Asia/Barnaul covers: +# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic +# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai -# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): -# Asia/Novosibirsk covers... +# Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. + +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): +# Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25 +# http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm +# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on +# 1995-05-28. +# +# http://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html +# has some historical data for Altai Krai: +# before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7 +# after 1957: UTC+7 +# since 1995: UTC+6 +# http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html +# confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): +# Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones +# by March 27, 2016 at 2am.... +# Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ... +# Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) +# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043 +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038 + +Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10 + 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28 + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s + 7:00 - +07 + +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# Asia/Novosibirsk covers: # 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast -# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast -# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's -# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30): +# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6 +# moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7. +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04): +# The law was signed yesterday and published today on +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 - 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time - 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. - 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s - 6:00 - NOVT + 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 6:00 - +06 2016 Jul 24 2:00s + 7:00 - +07 +# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): +# Asia/Tomsk covers: +# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24): +# Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51. + +# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): +# Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow. + +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19): +# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743 +# (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time) +# / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ... +# Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their +# GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally +# belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced +# with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a +# 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014). + +# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12): +# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6 +# This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast +# from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at +# 2:00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by +# the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President +# and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected +# before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the +# recent changes). +# +# Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws, +# the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule +# http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/ +# http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303 +# I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the +# bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday, +# approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and +# published as a law around 2016-04-26. + +# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26): +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048 + +Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22 + 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00 + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 6:00 - +06 2016 May 29 2:00s + 7:00 - +07 + + # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers... # 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on # March 28, 2010: # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 # # This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) # # Russian Government web site (Russian language) # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html # # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. -# -# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as -# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic. # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus # realigning itself with KRAT. Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1 - 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time - 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s - 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk - 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s - 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time + 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2010 Mar 28 2:00s + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 7:00 - +07 - # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers... # 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic # 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of # 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai # # Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr # Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai. # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26. Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 - 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time - 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s - 7:00 - KRAT + 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 8:00 - +08 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 7:00 - +07 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Asia/Irkutsk covers... # 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of # 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast # # Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was # merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast. # Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15. # Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05. # Go with Byalokoz. Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time - 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time - 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s - 8:00 - IRKT + 7:00 - +07 1930 Jun 21 + 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 8:00 Russia +08/+09 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 9:00 - +09 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 8:00 - +08 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): # Asia/Chita covers... # 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai # # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai. +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02): +# [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) - +# Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will +# be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am.... +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107 + Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 - 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time - 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s - 8:00 - IRKT + 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 + 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 8:00 - +08 2016 Mar 27 2:00 + 9:00 - +09 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): # Asia/Yakutsk covers... # 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast # # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: # 14-02 **** Aldansky District # 14-04 **** Amginsky District # 14-05 **** Anabarsky District # 14-06 **** Bulunsky District # 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District # 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District # 14-11 **** Gorny District # 14-12 **** Zhigansky District # 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District # 14-14 **** Lensky District # 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District # 14-16 **** Mirninsky District # 14-18 **** Namsky District # 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District # 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District # 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District # 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District # 14-26 **** Suntarsky District # 14-27 **** Tattinsky District # 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District # 14-32 **** Khangalassky District # 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District # 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District. # Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too. # Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk. # Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58. Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 - 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time - 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s - 9:00 - YAKT + 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 + 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 9:00 - +09 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): # Asia/Vladivostok covers... # 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai # 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai # 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast # # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: # 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District # 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District # Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5. # Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31. # Go with Byalokoz. Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 - 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time - 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s - 10:00 - VLAT + 9:00 - +09 1930 Jun 21 + 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 10:00 - +10 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: # 14-28 **** Tomponsky District # 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): # Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time # in 2011. # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): # Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 - 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time - 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004 - 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? - 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s - 9:00 - YAKT + 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 + 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2004 + 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 11:00 - +11 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? + 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 9:00 - +09 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Asia/Sakhalin covers... # 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast # ...with the exception of: # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) +# From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22): +# Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... +# (2016-03-09): +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044 + # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 - 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 - 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 - 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T - 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s - 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s - 10:00 - SAKT + 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 25 + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T + 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s + 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 10:00 - +10 2016 Mar 27 2:00s + 11:00 - +11 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): # Asia/Magadan covers... # 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): # Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however, # several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of # the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented # until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will # need their own zone. +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27): +# ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... +# will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock +# +# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05): +# ... signed by the President today ... +# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038 + Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time - 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s - 10:00 - MAGT + 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 10:00 - +10 2016 Apr 24 2:00s + 11:00 - +11 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): # Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: # 14-01 **** Abyysky District # 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District # 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District # 14-17 **** Momsky District # 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District # 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District # # ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast: # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02): # Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with # most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on # 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District # of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by # Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11. # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): # Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27. # There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone # Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary. # # Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these # districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently # lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females # each! (Yikes!) # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 # Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. # # Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have # fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the # 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most # recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of # http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf # in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older # settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining. # Go with Srednekolymsk. -# -# Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT -# as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead. Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time - 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s - 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time + 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 11:00 - +11 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: # 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): # Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. # # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): # It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch, # as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of # Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on # UTC+12 since at least then, too. Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 - 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time - 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1 - 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? - 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s - 10:00 - VLAT + 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 + 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1981 Apr 1 + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 12:00 - +12 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? + 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s + 10:00 - +10 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Asia/Kamchatka covers... # 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai # # Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai. # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long. Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 - 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time - 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s - 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 12:00 - PETT + 11:00 - +11 1930 Jun 21 + 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 12:00 - +12 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Asia/Anadyr covers... # 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time - 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s - 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s - 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s - 12:00 - ANAT + 12:00 - +12 1930 Jun 21 + 13:00 Russia +13/+14 1982 Apr 1 0:00s + 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s + 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s + 12:00 - +12 # San Marino # See Europe/Rome. # Serbia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj. 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1:00 EU CE%sT Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia # Slovakia Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava # Slovenia # See Europe/Belgrade. # Spain # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; # go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; # go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 1:00 EU CE%sT Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 0:00 - WET 1924 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 1:00 - CET 1986 1:00 EU CE%sT Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u 0:00 EU WE%sT # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. # Sweden # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: # # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. # # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... # # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk # författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. # # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". # # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available # in Swedish): (type # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click # the Sök-button). # # (2001-05-13): # # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another # hour before the event took place. # # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 1:00 - CET 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT # Switzerland # From Howse: # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep # mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 .... # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - # From Shanks & Pottenger: # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. # # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values # to be wrong. This is now verified. # # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal # government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss # federal law collection)... # # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. # # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am # # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any # other years are made. # # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such # a thing had happened in Switzerland. # # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. # # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - # # The 1940 rules must be deleted. # # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for # most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of # the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. # # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): # The Federal regulations say # http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html # ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50". # Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): # the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893) # http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353 # clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one # hour before the beginning of service. # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): # Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. # # We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: # # Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und # Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, # ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. # # suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not # agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the # most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the # "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" # (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 1:00 EU CE%sT # Turkey # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. # ... The latest rules are available at: # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that # DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure # what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: # http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): # Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 # Turkish: # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): # The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the # Turkish Local election.... # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik # ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. # From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15): # Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, # I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST # change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15): # The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule # change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: # Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency # http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30. # I guess the best we can do is document the official time. # From Fatih (2015-09-29): # It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy. # Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00 # http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217 +# +# From BBC News (2015-10-25): +# Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a +# government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan +# Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan. +# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326 +# From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08): +# Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter.... +# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf +# +# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07): +# The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey. +# It takes effect today, which is not much notice. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; # go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; # go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 - 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time + 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1985 Apr 20 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u - 2:00 EU EE%sT + 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7 + 3:00 - +03 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. # Ukraine # # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government # regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to # abolish the transfer clock to winter time. # # Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got # approval from 266 deputies. # # Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian) # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ # # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html # # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) # http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ # # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter # time this year after all. # # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): # As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar # to Russia) was reverted today: # http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 # # Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: # The law documents themselves are at # http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 # From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): # First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: # 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST # 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134. # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html # # They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law, # "summer time" was still in action): # 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272. # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html # # Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action): # 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST # # DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended): # 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225. # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm # This is an answer. # # Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure: # 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started # 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but # "Kiev" is more common in English. Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2:00 EU EE%sT # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 1:00 - CET 1940 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 2:00 - EET 1992 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2:00 EU EE%sT # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in # portable Posix file names. Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2:00 EU EE%sT # Vatican City # See Europe/Rome. ############################################################################### # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. # # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) # ... # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 # From: Tom Hofmann # ... # # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when # most European countries started DST. Before that year, only # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following # years... # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep # lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now. # # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the # Soviet Union (as far as I know). # # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, # 4002 Basle, Switzerland # ... # ... # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 # From: Dik T. Winter # ... # # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. # # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch # dates... # # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours # in advance of normal time. # # ... # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland # ... # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): # ... # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). # Since 1978. Change at midnight. # ... # Monaco: has same DST as France. # ... Index: stable/9/contrib/tzdata/factory =================================================================== --- stable/9/contrib/tzdata/factory (revision 307362) +++ stable/9/contrib/tzdata/factory (revision 307363) @@ -1,9 +1,10 @@ # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. -# For companies who don't want to put time zone specification in -# their installation procedures. When users run date, they'll get the message. -# Also useful for the "comp.sources" version. +# For distributors who don't want to put time zone specification in +# their installation procedures. Users that run 'date' will get the +# time zone abbreviation "-00", indicating that the actual time zone +# is unknown. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT Zone Factory 0 - "Local time zone must be set--use tzsetup" Index: stable/9/contrib/tzdata/leap-seconds.list =================================================================== --- stable/9/contrib/tzdata/leap-seconds.list (revision 307362) +++ stable/9/contrib/tzdata/leap-seconds.list (revision 307363) @@ -1,249 +1,250 @@ # # In the following text, the symbol '#' introduces # a comment, which continues from that symbol until # the end of the line. A plain comment line has a # whitespace character following the comment indicator. # There are also special comment lines defined below. # A special comment will always have a non-whitespace # character in column 2. # # A blank line should be ignored. # # The following table shows the corrections that must # be applied to compute International Atomic Time (TAI) # from the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) values that # are transmitted by almost all time services. # # The first column shows an epoch as a number of seconds # since 1 January 1900, 00:00:00 (1900.0 is also used to # indicate the same epoch.) Both of these time stamp formats # ignore the complexities of the time scales that were # used before the current definition of UTC at the start # of 1972. (See note 3 below.) # The second column shows the number of seconds that # must be added to UTC to compute TAI for any timestamp # at or after that epoch. The value on each line is # valid from the indicated initial instant until the # epoch given on the next one or indefinitely into the # future if there is no next line. # (The comment on each line shows the representation of # the corresponding initial epoch in the usual # day-month-year format. The epoch always begins at # 00:00:00 UTC on the indicated day. See Note 5 below.) # # Important notes: # # 1. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is often referred to # as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). The GMT time scale is no # longer used, and the use of GMT to designate UTC is # discouraged. # # 2. The UTC time scale is realized by many national # laboratories and timing centers. Each laboratory # identifies its realization with its name: Thus # UTC(NIST), UTC(USNO), etc. The differences among # these different realizations are typically on the # order of a few nanoseconds (i.e., 0.000 000 00x s) # and can be ignored for many purposes. These differences # are tabulated in Circular T, which is published monthly # by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures # (BIPM). See www.bipm.org for more information. # # 3. The current definition of the relationship between UTC # and TAI dates from 1 January 1972. A number of different # time scales were in use before that epoch, and it can be # quite difficult to compute precise timestamps and time # intervals in those "prehistoric" days. For more information, # consult: # # The Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical # Ephemeris. # or # Terry Quinn, "The BIPM and the Accurate Measurement # of Time," Proc. of the IEEE, Vol. 79, pp. 894-905, # July, 1991. # # 4. The decision to insert a leap second into UTC is currently # the responsibility of the International Earth Rotation and # Reference Systems Service. (The name was changed from the # International Earth Rotation Service, but the acronym IERS # is still used.) # # Leap seconds are announced by the IERS in its Bulletin C. # # See www.iers.org for more details. # # Every national laboratory and timing center uses the # data from the BIPM and the IERS to construct UTC(lab), # their local realization of UTC. # # Although the definition also includes the possibility # of dropping seconds ("negative" leap seconds), this has # never been done and is unlikely to be necessary in the # foreseeable future. # # 5. If your system keeps time as the number of seconds since # some epoch (e.g., NTP timestamps), then the algorithm for # assigning a UTC time stamp to an event that happens during a positive # leap second is not well defined. The official name of that leap # second is 23:59:60, but there is no way of representing that time # in these systems. # Many systems of this type effectively stop the system clock for # one second during the leap second and use a time that is equivalent # to 23:59:59 UTC twice. For these systems, the corresponding TAI # timestamp would be obtained by advancing to the next entry in the # following table when the time equivalent to 23:59:59 UTC # is used for the second time. Thus the leap second which # occurred on 30 June 1972 at 23:59:59 UTC would have TAI # timestamps computed as follows: # # ... # 30 June 1972 23:59:59 (2287785599, first time): TAI= UTC + 10 seconds # 30 June 1972 23:59:60 (2287785599,second time): TAI= UTC + 11 seconds # 1 July 1972 00:00:00 (2287785600) TAI= UTC + 11 seconds # ... # # If your system realizes the leap second by repeating 00:00:00 UTC twice # (this is possible but not usual), then the advance to the next entry # in the table must occur the second time that a time equivalent to # 00:00:00 UTC is used. Thus, using the same example as above: # # ... # 30 June 1972 23:59:59 (2287785599): TAI= UTC + 10 seconds # 30 June 1972 23:59:60 (2287785600, first time): TAI= UTC + 10 seconds # 1 July 1972 00:00:00 (2287785600,second time): TAI= UTC + 11 seconds # ... # # in both cases the use of timestamps based on TAI produces a smooth # time scale with no discontinuity in the time interval. However, # although the long-term behavior of the time scale is correct in both # methods, the second method is technically not correct because it adds # the extra second to the wrong day. # # This complexity would not be needed for negative leap seconds (if they # are ever used). The UTC time would skip 23:59:59 and advance from # 23:59:58 to 00:00:00 in that case. The TAI offset would decrease by # 1 second at the same instant. This is a much easier situation to deal # with, since the difficulty of unambiguously representing the epoch # during the leap second does not arise. # # Some systems implement leap seconds by amortizing the leap second # over the last few minutes of the day. The frequency of the local # clock is decreased (or increased) to realize the positive (or # negative) leap second. This method removes the time step described # above. Although the long-term behavior of the time scale is correct # in this case, this method introduces an error during the adjustment # period both in time and in frequency with respect to the official # definition of UTC. # # Questions or comments to: # Judah Levine # Time and Frequency Division # NIST # Boulder, Colorado # Judah.Levine@nist.gov # -# Last Update of leap second values: 5 January 2015 +# Last Update of leap second values: 8 July 2016 # # The following line shows this last update date in NTP timestamp # format. This is the date on which the most recent change to # the leap second data was added to the file. This line can # be identified by the unique pair of characters in the first two # columns as shown below. # -#$ 3629404800 +#$ 3676924800 # # The NTP timestamps are in units of seconds since the NTP epoch, # which is 1 January 1900, 00:00:00. The Modified Julian Day number # corresponding to the NTP time stamp, X, can be computed as # # X/86400 + 15020 # # where the first term converts seconds to days and the second # term adds the MJD corresponding to the time origin defined above. # The integer portion of the result is the integer MJD for that # day, and any remainder is the time of day, expressed as the # fraction of the day since 0 hours UTC. The conversion from day # fraction to seconds or to hours, minutes, and seconds may involve # rounding or truncation, depending on the method used in the # computation. # # The data in this file will be updated periodically as new leap # seconds are announced. In addition to being entered on the line # above, the update time (in NTP format) will be added to the basic # file name leap-seconds to form the name leap-seconds.. # In addition, the generic name leap-seconds.list will always point to # the most recent version of the file. # # This update procedure will be performed only when a new leap second # is announced. # # The following entry specifies the expiration date of the data # in this file in units of seconds since the origin at the instant # 1 January 1900, 00:00:00. This expiration date will be changed # at least twice per year whether or not a new leap second is # announced. These semi-annual changes will be made no later # than 1 June and 1 December of each year to indicate what # action (if any) is to be taken on 30 June and 31 December, # respectively. (These are the customary effective dates for new # leap seconds.) This expiration date will be identified by a # unique pair of characters in columns 1 and 2 as shown below. # In the unlikely event that a leap second is announced with an # effective date other than 30 June or 31 December, then this # file will be edited to include that leap second as soon as it is # announced or at least one month before the effective date # (whichever is later). # If an announcement by the IERS specifies that no leap second is # scheduled, then only the expiration date of the file will # be advanced to show that the information in the file is still # current -- the update time stamp, the data and the name of the file # will not change. # -# Updated through IERS Bulletin C50 -# File expires on: 28 June 2016 +# Updated through IERS Bulletin C52 +# File expires on: 28 June 2017 # -#@ 3676060800 +#@ 3707596800 # 2272060800 10 # 1 Jan 1972 2287785600 11 # 1 Jul 1972 2303683200 12 # 1 Jan 1973 2335219200 13 # 1 Jan 1974 2366755200 14 # 1 Jan 1975 2398291200 15 # 1 Jan 1976 2429913600 16 # 1 Jan 1977 2461449600 17 # 1 Jan 1978 2492985600 18 # 1 Jan 1979 2524521600 19 # 1 Jan 1980 2571782400 20 # 1 Jul 1981 2603318400 21 # 1 Jul 1982 2634854400 22 # 1 Jul 1983 2698012800 23 # 1 Jul 1985 2776982400 24 # 1 Jan 1988 2840140800 25 # 1 Jan 1990 2871676800 26 # 1 Jan 1991 2918937600 27 # 1 Jul 1992 2950473600 28 # 1 Jul 1993 2982009600 29 # 1 Jul 1994 3029443200 30 # 1 Jan 1996 3076704000 31 # 1 Jul 1997 3124137600 32 # 1 Jan 1999 3345062400 33 # 1 Jan 2006 3439756800 34 # 1 Jan 2009 3550089600 35 # 1 Jul 2012 3644697600 36 # 1 Jul 2015 +3692217600 37 # 1 Jan 2017 # # the following special comment contains the # hash value of the data in this file computed # use the secure hash algorithm as specified # by FIPS 180-1. See the files in ~/pub/sha for # the details of how this hash value is # computed. Note that the hash computation # ignores comments and whitespace characters # in data lines. It includes the NTP values # of both the last modification time and the # expiration time of the file, but not the # white space on those lines. # the hash line is also ignored in the # computation. # -#h 3d037453 3acade76 570bd8f8 be2b8bc9 55ec6fe8 +#h dacf2c42 2c4765d6 3c797af8 2cf630eb 699c8c67 Index: stable/9/contrib/tzdata/leapseconds =================================================================== --- stable/9/contrib/tzdata/leapseconds (revision 307362) +++ stable/9/contrib/tzdata/leapseconds (revision 307363) @@ -1,100 +1,101 @@ # 
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file.
 
 # The International Earth Rotation Service periodically uses leap seconds
 # to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
 # (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space); see
 # Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time,
 # Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905.
 # There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism
 # accounting for the discrepancy between atomic time and the earth's rotation
 # did not exist until the early 1970s.
 
 # The correction (+ or -) is made at the given time, so lines
 # will typically look like:
 #	Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:60	+	R/S
 # or
 #	Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:59	-	R/S
 
 # If the leapsecond is Rolling (R) the given time is local time
 # If the leapsecond is Stationary (S) the given time is UTC
 
 # Leap	YEAR	MONTH	DAY	HH:MM:SS	CORR	R/S
 Leap	1972	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1972	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1973	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1974	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1975	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1976	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1977	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1978	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1979	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1981	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1982	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1983	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1985	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1987	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1989	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1990	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1992	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1993	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1994	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1995	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1997	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1998	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	2005	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	2008	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	2012	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
+Leap	2016	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 
 # INTERNATIONAL EARTH ROTATION AND REFERENCE SYSTEMS SERVICE (IERS)
 #
 # SERVICE INTERNATIONAL DE LA ROTATION TERRESTRE ET DES SYSTEMES DE REFERENCE
 #
 #
 # SERVICE DE LA ROTATION TERRESTRE
 # OBSERVATOIRE DE PARIS
 # 61, Av. de l'Observatoire 75014 PARIS (France)
 # Tel.      : 33 (0) 1 40 51 22 26
 # FAX       : 33 (0) 1 40 51 22 91
 # e-mail    : (E-Mail Removed)
 # http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc
 #
 # Paris, 5 January 2012
 #
 #
 # Bulletin C 43
 #
 # To authorities responsible
 # for the measurement and
 # distribution of time
 #
 #
 # UTC TIME STEP
 # on the 1st of July 2012
 #
 #
 # A positive leap second will be introduced at the end of June 2012.
 # The sequence of dates of the UTC second markers will be:
 #
 #                          2012 June 30,     23h 59m 59s
 #                          2012 June 30,     23h 59m 60s
 #                          2012 July  1,      0h  0m  0s
 #
 # The difference between UTC and the International Atomic Time TAI is:
 #
 # from 2009 January 1, 0h UTC, to 2012 July 1  0h UTC  : UTC-TAI = - 34s
 # from 2012 July 1,    0h UTC, until further notice    : UTC-TAI = - 35s
 #
 # Leap seconds can be introduced in UTC at the end of the months of December
 # or June, depending on the evolution of UT1-TAI. Bulletin C is mailed every
 # six months, either to announce a time step in UTC or to confirm that there
 # will be no time step at the next possible date.
 #
 #
 # Daniel GAMBIS
 # Head
 # Earth Orientation Center of IERS
 # Observatoire de Paris, France
Index: stable/9/contrib/tzdata/northamerica
===================================================================
--- stable/9/contrib/tzdata/northamerica	(revision 307362)
+++ stable/9/contrib/tzdata/northamerica	(revision 307363)
@@ -1,3291 +1,3337 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
 
 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # United States
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
 # His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
 # in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
 # His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
 # and the most of the country soon followed suit.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
 # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
 # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
 # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
 # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
 # in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
 # of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
 #
 #	I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
 #	agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
 #	daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
 #	I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
 #	valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen.  As an admirer
 #	of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
 #	reduce my time for enjoying it.  At the back of the Daylight Saving
 #	scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
 #	to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
 #	them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
 #
 #	 -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
 #	   Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
 #
 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
 # Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
 # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
 # http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
 #
 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
 # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
 # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
 
 # From Arthur David Olson:
 # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
 # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
 # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson:
 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
 # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
 # An AltaVista search turned up:
 # http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.'  Peace is wonderful."
 # (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
 
 # From Joseph Gallant citing
 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
 # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
 # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
 # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
 # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
 # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
 # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout.  From
 # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
 #
 # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
 # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
 # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
 # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
 # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
 # importance."
 #
 # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
 # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
 # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
 # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
 #
 # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
 # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
 # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
 # U.S. government action.  So even though the "US" rules have changed
 # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	US	1918	1919	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1918	1919	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	US	1942	only	-	Feb	9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	US	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	US	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	US	1967	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	US	1967	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1974	only	-	Jan	6	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1975	only	-	Feb	23	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1976	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 
 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
 # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
 # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
 # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
 # this time zone package.
 # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
 # a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
 # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
 # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
 # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	EST		 -5:00	-	EST
 Zone	MST		 -7:00	-	MST
 Zone	HST		-10:00	-	HST
 Zone	EST5EDT		 -5:00	US	E%sT
 Zone	CST6CDT		 -6:00	US	C%sT
 Zone	MST7MDT		 -7:00	US	M%sT
 Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
 
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
 #    old			 new
 #    Pacific Standard Time(PST)  -same-
 #    Yukon Standard Time(YST)    -same-
 #    Central Alaska S.T. (CAT)   Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
 #    Nome Standard Time (NT)     Bering Standard Time (BST)
 #
 # ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
 #    The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
 #    of the Aleutian islands.   No DST.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 # The tables below use 'NST', not 'NT', for Nome Standard Time.
 # I invented 'CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
 
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
 # USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  CENTRAL       6 H  BEHIND UTC    CHICAGO, HOUSTON
 # USA  CENTRAL       5 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  MOUNTAIN      7 H  BEHIND UTC    DENVER
 # USA  MOUNTAIN      6 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  PACIFIC       8 H  BEHIND UTC    L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
 # USA  PACIFIC       7 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  ALASKA STD    9 H  BEHIND UTC    MOST OF ALASKA     (AKST)
 # USA  ALASKA STD    8 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
 # USA  ALEUTIAN     10 H  BEHIND UTC    ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
 # USA    "           9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
 # USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
 # The above dates are for 1988.
 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
 # Aleutians.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward.  First, names
 # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
 #	(none)
 #	United States standard eastern time
 #	United States standard mountain time
 #	United States standard central time
 #	United States standard Pacific time
 #	(none)
 #	United States standard Alaska time
 #	(none)
 # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
 # public law 98-181):
 #	Atlantic standard time
 #	eastern standard time
 #	central standard time
 #	mountain standard time
 #	Pacific standard time
 #	Yukon standard time
 #	Alaska-Hawaii standard time
 #	Bering standard time
 # And after 1983-11-30:
 #	Atlantic standard time
 #	eastern standard time
 #	central standard time
 #	mountain standard time
 #	Pacific standard time
 #	Alaska standard time
 #	Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
 #	Samoa standard time
 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
 # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced ... "Chamorro Standard Time"
 # for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.  See the file "australasia".
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-17):
 # HST and HDT are standardized abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian
 # standard and daylight times.  See section 9.47 (p 234) of the
 # U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual (2008)
 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008/pdf/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008.pdf
 
 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
 #
 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
 #   (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
 #   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
 #     (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
 #     Sunday of March"; and
 #     (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
 #     Sunday of November'.
 #   (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
 #   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
 #   (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
 #   date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
 #   on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
 #   States.
 #   (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
 #   Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
 #   Department study is complete.
 
 # US eastern time, represented by New York
 
 # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
 # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
 # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
 # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
 # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
 # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
 
 # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
 # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
 # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
 # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
 # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
 # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
 # According to today's Huntsville Times
 # http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time."  It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
 # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
 # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
 # in Columbus."
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
 # Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
 # says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of
 # Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch.  Round to the
 # nearest second.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	NYC	1920	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NYC	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NYC	1921	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NYC	1921	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NYC	1955	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/New_York	-4:56:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1920
 			-5:00	NYC	E%sT	1942
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	NYC	E%sT	1967
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 
 # US central time, represented by Chicago
 
 # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
 # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
 # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
 # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
 # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
 # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
 # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
 
 # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0175.pdf ...
 # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change.  Because the local
 # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
 # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
 # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
 #
 # From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
 # Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
 # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
 
+# From an email administrator of the City of Fort Pierre, SD (2015-12-21):
+# Fort Pierre is technically located in the Mountain time zone as is
+# the rest of Stanley County.  Most of Stanley County and Fort Pierre
+# uses the Central time zone due to doing most of their business in
+# Pierre so it simplifies schedules.  I have lived in Stanley County
+# all my life and it has been that way since I can remember.  (43 years!)
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-12-25):
+# Assume this practice predates 1970, so Fort Pierre can use America/Chicago.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Chicago	1920	only	-	Jun	13	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Chicago	1920	1921	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Chicago	1921	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Chicago	1922	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Chicago	1922	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Chicago	1955	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Chicago	-5:50:36 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1920
 			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1936 Mar  1  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1936 Nov 15  2:00
 			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1942
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1967
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1992 Oct 25  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
 # See .
 # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
 # See .
 Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	2003 Oct 26  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
 # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
 # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
 # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
 # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
 
 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
 # largest city in Mercer County).  Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
 # at 47 degrees 15' 51" N, 101 degrees 46' 40" W, which yields an offset
 # of 6h47'07".
 
 Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	2010 Nov  7  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
 #
 # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
 # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
 # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
 # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
 # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Denver	1920	1921	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Denver	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Denver	1921	only	-	May	22	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Denver	1965	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Denver	1965	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Denver	-6:59:56 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1920
 			-7:00	Denver	M%sT	1942
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1946
 			-7:00	Denver	M%sT	1967
 			-7:00	US	M%sT
 
 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
 #
 # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
 # Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
 # north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
 # Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern 3/4 of
 # Malheur county), and Washington
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20):
+# In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage,
+# PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours,
+# causing electric clocks to lose six minutes per day.  (This did not change
+# legal time, and is not part of the data here.)  See:
+# Ross SA. An energy crisis from the past: Northern California in 1948.
+# Working Paper No. 8, Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley,
+# 1973-11.  http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x22k30c
 #
+# In another measure to save electricity, DST was instituted from 1948-03-14
+# at 02:01 to 1949-01-16 at 02:00, with the governor having the option to move
+# the fallback transition earlier.  See pages 3-4 of:
+# http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/1948/48Vol1_Chapters.pdf
+#
+# In response:
+#
+#   Governor Warren received a torrent of objecting mail, and it is not too much
+#   to speculate that the objections to Daylight Saving Time were one important
+#   factor in the defeat of the Dewey-Warren Presidential ticket in California.
+#     -- Ross, p 25
+#
+# On December 8 the governor exercised the option, setting the date to January 1
+# (LA Times 1948-12-09).  The transition time was 02:00 (LA Times 1949-01-01).
+#
+# Despite the controversy, in 1949 California voters approved Proposition 12,
+# which established DST from April's last Sunday at 01:00 until September's
+# last Sunday at 02:00. This was amended by 1962's Proposition 6, which changed
+# the fall-back date to October's last Sunday. See:
+# http://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501&context=ca_ballot_props
+# http://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1636&context=ca_ballot_props
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
-Rule	CA	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	CA	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:01	1:00	D
 Rule	CA	1949	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	0	S
-Rule	CA	1950	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	CA	1950	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	CA	1950	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	CA	1962	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1967
 			-8:00	US	P%sT
 
 # Alaska
 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
 # This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
 # also a Friday.  Include only the time zone part of this transition,
 # ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
 # the Julian calendar.
 #
 # As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
 # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
 # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
 # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  However, there
 # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
 # it's best to simply use the official transition.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
 # One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
 # daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
 # "Welcome to Juneau.  Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
 # See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
 # http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
 #
 # Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
 # Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
 # Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
 # http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
 # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
 #
 # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
 # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
 # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
 # Pacific Time.
 #
 # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
 # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
 # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
 #
 # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
 # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
 #
 # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
 # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
 #
 # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
 # Nation.)
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
 # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
 # Community office (using contact information available at
 # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
 # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
 # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
 # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
 # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
 # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-11-09):
+# It seems Metlakatla did go off PST on Sunday, November 1, changing
+# their time to AKST and are going to follow Alaska's DST, switching
+# between AKST and AKDT from now on....
+# http://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Juneau	 15:02:19 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:57:41 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1980 Apr 27  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1980 Oct 26  2:00
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Sitka	 14:58:47 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:01:13 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Metlakatla	 15:13:42 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:46:18 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
-			 -8:00	-	PST
+			 -8:00	-	PST	2015 Nov  1  2:00
+			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Yakutat	 14:41:05 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:18:55 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -9:00	-	YST	1942
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1946
 			 -9:00	-	YST	1969
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Anchorage	 14:00:24 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:59:36 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			-10:00	-	CAT	1942
 			-10:00	US	CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
 			-10:00	US	CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
 			-10:00	-	CAT	1967 Apr
 			-10:00	-	AHST	1969
 			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Nome	 12:58:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			-11:01:38 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			-11:00	-	NST	1942
 			-11:00	US	N%sT	1946
 			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr
 			-11:00	-	BST	1969
 			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			-11:46:38 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			-11:00	-	NST	1942
 			-11:00	US	N%sT	1946
 			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr
 			-11:00	-	BST	1969
 			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
 			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			-10:00	US	H%sT
 # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
 #
 # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
 # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
 # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
 #
 # From David Flater (2004-11-09):
 # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
 # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
 # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
 # possibly until 1983:
 #
 #  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
 #  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
 #  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
 #  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
 #  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
 #  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
 #  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
 #  three votes for and one against."
 
 # Hawaii
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
 # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
 # the article is available at
 # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
 # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
 # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
 # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
 # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
 # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
 # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
 # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
 # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
 # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
 # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
 # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
 # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
 # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
 # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
 # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
 # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
 # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
 # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
 # Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
 # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
 # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
 # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
 # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
 # of the Territory of Hawaii."
 #
 # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
 # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Honolulu	-10:31:26 -	LMT	1896 Jan 13 12:00
 			-10:30	-	HST	1933 Apr 30  2:00
 			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1933 May 21 12:00
 			-10:30	-	HST	1942 Feb  9  2:00
 			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1945 Sep 30  2:00
 			-10:30	-	HST	1947 Jun  8  2:00
 			-10:00	-	HST
 Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
 
 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
 
 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
 #
 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
 # Daylight Saving Time web page
 #  (2002-01-23)
 # maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
 # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time.  The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
 # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
 # the date the state's clocks would change.  In 1945 the State of
 # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
 # mandated by federal law.  Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
 # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
 #
 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Phoenix	-7:28:18 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Jan  1  0:01
 			-7:00	-	MST	1944 Apr  1  0:01
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Oct  1  0:01
 			-7:00	-	MST	1967
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1968 Mar 21
 			-7:00	-	MST
 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
 # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
 # large size and location in three states."  (The "only" means that other
 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
 # See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
 
 # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
 # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
 # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
 # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
 # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
 # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
 # switched four weeks late in 1974.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Boise	-7:44:49 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	1923 May 13  2:00
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1974
 			-7:00	-	MST	1974 Feb  3  2:00
 			-7:00	US	M%sT
 
 # Indiana
 #
 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
 # with the following exceptions:
 #
 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 #   Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
 #
 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
 #
 # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
 #   America/Kentucky/Louisville.
 #
 # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
 #   and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
 #
 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
 # and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
 # Those Hoosiers!  Such a flighty and changeable people!
 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
 #
 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
 # https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
 # says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
 # this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
 # Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
 # clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error.  The intent
 # was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
 # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
 # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Indianapolis 1941	only	-	Jun	22	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Indianapolis 1941	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Indianapolis 1946	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1920
 			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1942
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1955 Apr 24  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1957 Sep 29  2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1958 Apr 27  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
 # as well as from 1976 through 2005.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Marengo	1951	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Marengo	1951	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Marengo	1954	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Marengo	1954	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1951
 			-6:00	Marengo	C%sT	1961 Apr 30  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6  2:00
 			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1976
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
 # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
 # in November 2007.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Vincennes	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Vincennes	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Vincennes	1953	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Vincennes	1953	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Vincennes	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule Vincennes	1956	1963	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Vincennes	1960	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Vincennes	1961	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Vincennes	1962	1963	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Vincennes	C%sT	1964 Apr 26  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Perry	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Perry	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Perry	1953	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Perry	1953	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Perry	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule Perry	1956	1963	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Perry	1960	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Perry	1961	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Perry	1962	1963	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Perry	C%sT	1964 Apr 26  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 #
 # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
 # then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Pike	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Pike	1955	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Pike	1956	1964	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Pike	1961	1964	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1955
 			-6:00	Pike	C%sT	1965 Apr 25  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1966 Oct 30  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1977 Oct 30  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
 # then switched back in 2006.
 # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
 # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
 # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
 # 1991-10-27.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Starke	1947	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Starke	1947	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Starke	1955	1956	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Starke	1957	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Starke	1959	1961	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1947
 			-6:00	Starke	C%sT	1962 Apr 29  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1963 Oct 27  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1991 Oct 27  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 #
 # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
 # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Pulaski	1946	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Pulaski	1946	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Pulaski	1955	1956	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Pulaski	1957	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00	Pulaski	C%sT	1961 Apr 30  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Mar 11  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1954 Apr 25  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1973
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 
 # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
 # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Louisville	1921	only	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Louisville	1921	only	-	Sep	1	2:00	0	S
 Rule Louisville	1941	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Louisville	1941	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Louisville	1946	only	-	Jun	2	2:00	0	S
 Rule Louisville	1950	1955	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Louisville	1956	1960	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1921
 			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1942
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1961 Jul 23  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1968
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6  2:00
 			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Wayne County, Kentucky
 #
 # From Lake Cumberland LIFE
 # http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
 # (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
 # the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
 # the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
 # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
 # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
 # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
 # location in the Central time zone.
 #
 # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
 # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
 # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
 # (-0500) time.  They won't "fall back" this year.  See Sara Shipley,
 # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
 # The final rule was published in the
 # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
 # http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22
 #
 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00	-	CST	1968
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 
 
 # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
 # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
 # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
 #	previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
 # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
 # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
 # so omit that change for now.
 # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
 # 1999-10-31.  See the
 # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
 # http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15
 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
 
 # Michigan
 #
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
 # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
 # that Detroit kept
 #
 #	local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
 #	be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
 #	city obeyed, half refused.  After considerable debate, the decision
 #	was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time.  A derisive offer to
 #	erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
 #	Committee on Sewers.  Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
 #	by city vote.
 #
 # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
 # Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
 # one hour in 1914."  This change is not in Shanks.  We have no more
 # info, so omit this for now.
 #
 # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Detroit	1948	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Detroit	1948	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Detroit	1967	only	-	Jun	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Detroit	1967	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Detroit	-5:32:11 -	LMT	1905
 			-6:00	-	CST	1915 May 15  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1942
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	Detroit	E%sT	1973
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1975
 			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Apr 27  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
 # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Menominee	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Menominee	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Menominee	1966	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Menominee	1966	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Menominee	C%sT	1969 Apr 27  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1973 Apr 29  2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # Navassa
 # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
 # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
 # also claimed by Haiti
 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
 # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
 # currently uninhabited
 # see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
 # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
 
 ################################################################################
 
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
 # Other sources occasionally used include:
 #
 #	Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 #	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
 #	which I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 #	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
 #	
 #	[PDF] (1914-03)
 #
 #	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
 #	.
 #
 # See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
 
 # Canada
 
 # From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
 #
 #	UTC	Standard time	Daylight saving time
 #	offset	French	English	French	English
 #	-2:30	-	-	HAT	NDT
 #	-3	-	-	HAA	ADT
 #	-3:30	HNT	NST	-	-
 #	-4	HNA	AST	HAE	EDT
 #	-5	HNE	EST	HAC	CDT
 #	-6	HNC	CST	HAR	MDT
 #	-7	HNR	MST	HAP	PDT
 #	-8	HNP	PST	HAY	YDT
 #	-9	HNY	YST	-	-
 #
 #	HN: Heure Normale	ST: Standard Time
 #	HA: Heure Avancée	DT: Daylight saving Time
 #
 #	A: de l'Atlantique	Atlantic
 #	C: du Centre		Central
 #	E: de l'Est		Eastern
 #	M:			Mountain
 #	N:			Newfoundland
 #	P: du Pacifique		Pacific
 #	R: des Rocheuses
 #	T: de Terre-Neuve
 #	Y: du Yukon		Yukon
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
 
 # Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
 # & Pottenger.
 
 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
 # 2007-03-01):
 # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
 # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
 # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
 # http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
 # ...
 # Nova Scotia
 # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
 # http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
 #
 # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
 # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
 # http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
 # ...
 # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
 # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
 # http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
 # ...
 # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
 # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
 # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
 # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
 # ...
 # P.E.I. will follow US rules....
 # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
 # ...
 # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
 # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
 # ...
 # Yukon
 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
 # ...
 # N.W.T. will follow US rules.  Whoever maintains the government web site
 # does not seem to believe in bookmarks.  To see the news release, click the
 # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change".  Press the
 # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
 # JavaScript.
 # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
 # ...
 # Nunavut
 # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
 # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-18):
 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
 # contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
 #
 # National Research Council Canada maintains info about time zones and DST.
 # http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html
 # http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/faq/index.html#Q5
 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
 # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
 # new US DST rules,
 
 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
 # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
 # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
 # The quote includes these two statements:
 # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
 # '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
 # These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
 # that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918.  This transition was
 # also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
 
 # In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
 # Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
 # than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Canada	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Canada	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Canada	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Canada	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Canada	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Canada	1974	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Canada	1974	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Canada	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Canada	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Canada	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 
 
 # Newfoundland and Labrador
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
 # but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
 # southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
 # but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	StJohns	1917	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00	0	S
 # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	StJohns	1919	only	-	May	 5	23:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1919	only	-	Aug	12	23:00	0	S
 # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	StJohns	1920	1935	-	May	Sun>=1	23:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1920	1935	-	Oct	lastSun	23:00	0	S
 # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
 # Pottenger.
 Rule	StJohns	1936	1941	-	May	Mon>=9	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1936	1941	-	Oct	Mon>=2	0:00	0	S
 # Whitman gives the following transitions:
 # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
 # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
 # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
 # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	StJohns	1946	1950	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1946	1950	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00	0	S
 Rule	StJohns	1951	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1951	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	StJohns	1960	1986	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
 # at 00:01 local time.  For now, assume it started in 1987.
 
 # From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
 # We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
 # changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
 # The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
 # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
 # now occurs at 2:00AM.
 # ...
 # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
 # ...
 # MICHAEL PELLEY  |  Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
 # Office of the Chief Information Officer
 # Executive Council
 # Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
 
 Rule	StJohns	1987	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1987	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:01	0	S
 Rule	StJohns	1988	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	2:00	DD
 Rule	StJohns	1989	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	2007	2011	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	2007	2010	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:01	0	S
 #
 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/St_Johns	-3:30:52 -	LMT	1884
 			-3:30:52 StJohns N%sT	1918
 			-3:30:52 Canada	N%sT	1919
 			-3:30:52 StJohns N%sT	1935 Mar 30
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1942 May 11
 			-3:30	Canada	N%sT	1946
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	2011 Nov
 			-3:30	Canada	N%sT
 
 # most of east Labrador
 
 # The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Goose_Bay	-4:01:40 -	LMT	1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
 			-3:30:52 -	NST	1918
 			-3:30:52 Canada N%sT	1919
 			-3:30:52 -	NST	1935 Mar 30
 			-3:30	-	NST	1936
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1942 May 11
 			-3:30	Canada	N%sT	1946
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1966 Mar 15  2:00
 			-4:00	StJohns	A%sT	2011 Nov
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 
 
 # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
 
 # From Brian Inglis (2015-07-20):
 # From the historical weather station records available at:
 # https://weatherspark.com/history/28351/1971/Sydney-Nova-Scotia-Canada
 # Sydney shares the same time history as Glace Bay, so was
 # likely to be the same across the island....
 # Sydney, as the capital and most populous location, or Cape Breton, would
 # have been better names for the zone had we known this in 1996.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-20):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
 # Halifax.  Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
 # the Cape Breton area, represented by Glace Bay, is the largest we know of
 # (Glace Bay was perhaps not the best name choice but no point changing now).
 # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
 # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
 # this is a typo.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Halifax	1916	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1920	only	-	May	 9	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1920	only	-	Aug	29	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1921	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1921	1922	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1922	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1923	1925	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1923	only	-	Sep	 4	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1924	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1925	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1926	only	-	May	16	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1926	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1927	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1927	only	-	Sep	26	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1928	1931	-	May	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1928	only	-	Sep	 9	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1929	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1930	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1931	1932	-	Sep	Mon>=24	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1932	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1933	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1933	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1934	only	-	May	20	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1934	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1935	only	-	Jun	 2	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1935	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1936	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1936	only	-	Sep	14	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1937	1938	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1937	1941	-	Sep	Mon>=24	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1939	only	-	May	28	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1940	1941	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1946	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1946	1949	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1951	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1951	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1956	1959	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1956	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1962	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1962	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Halifax	-4:14:24 -	LMT	1902 Jun 15
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1918
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1919
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1946
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1974
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 Zone America/Glace_Bay	-3:59:48 -	LMT	1902 Jun 15
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1953
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1954
 			-4:00	-	AST	1972
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1974
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 
 # New Brunswick
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
 # The Time Definition Act 
 # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
 #  makes it
 # clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
 # For now, assume it started in 1993.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Moncton	1933	1935	-	Jun	Sun>=8	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1933	1935	-	Sep	Sun>=8	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1936	1938	-	Jun	Sun>=1	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1936	1938	-	Sep	Sun>=1	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1939	only	-	May	27	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1939	1941	-	Sep	Sat>=21	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1940	only	-	May	19	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1941	only	-	May	 4	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1946	1972	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1946	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1957	1972	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:01	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Moncton	-4:19:08 -	LMT	1883 Dec  9
 			-5:00	-	EST	1902 Jun 15
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1933
 			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	1942
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1946
 			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	1973
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1993
 			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	2007
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 
 # Quebec
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
 # See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal.
 #
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
 # The Quebec department of justice writes in
 # "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
 # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
 # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
 # observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
 # http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 -	LMT	1884
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1970
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Ontario
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
 # Toronto.
 # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
 # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
 # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
 # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
 
 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
 # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
 # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
 # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
 # have already done so.  In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
 # only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
 # presumably that should be -07-06.  (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
 # earlier in June).
 #
 # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
 # He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
 # http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
 #
 #	The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
 #	This means they spend about half the time on central time and
 #	the other half on eastern time.
 #
 #	For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
 #
 #	"The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
 #	Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
 #	said.  "I don't see any changes happening here."
 #
 # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
 # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
 
 # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
 # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
 # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
 # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
 # time keeping since 1952, at least.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
 # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
 # McKinnon sounds more authoritative.  For now, assume that Atikokan
 # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
 # ended.  This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
 # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
 # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
 
 # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
 #
 # Currently the database has:
 #
 # # Ontario
 #
 # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
 # # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
 # # Toronto.
 # # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
 # # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
 # # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
 #
 # In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
 # right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
 # time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
 #
 #     The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
 #     except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
 #
 # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
 #
 # I only came across this incidentally.  I don't know if Windsor began
 # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
 #
 # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
 #
 #     Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
 #     three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
 #
 # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
 # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
 # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
 # was available at
 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
 #
 # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
 #
 #   A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
 # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
 # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
 # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
 # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
 # for the other provinces only approximate:
 #
 #	Province	Daylight saving time used
 # Prince Edward Island	Not used.
 # Nova Scotia		In Halifax only.
 # New Brunswick		In St. John only.
 # Quebec		In the following places:
 #			Montreal	Lachine
 #			Quebec		Mont-Royal
 #			Lévis		Iberville
 #			St. Lambert	Cap de la Madelèine
 #			Verdun		Loretteville
 #			Westmount	Richmond
 #			Outremont	St. Jérôme
 #			Longueuil	Greenfield Park
 #			Arvida		Waterloo
 #			Chambly-Canton	Beaulieu
 #			Melbourne	La Tuque
 #			St. Théophile	Buckingham
 # Ontario		Used generally in the cities and towns along
 #			the southerly part of the province. Not
 #			used in the northwesterly part.
 # Manitoba		Not used.
 # Saskatchewan		In Regina only.
 # Alberta		Not used.
 # British Columbia	Not used.
 #
 #   With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
 # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Toronto	1919	only	-	Mar	30	23:30	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1919	only	-	Oct	26	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1920	only	-	May	 2	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1920	only	-	Sep	26	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1921	only	-	May	15	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1921	only	-	Sep	15	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1922	1923	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
 # was meant.
 Rule	Toronto	1922	1926	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1924	1927	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
 # Rule	Toronto	1927	1937	-	Sep	Sun>=25	2:00	0	S
 # Rule	Toronto	1928	1937	-	Apr	Sun>=25	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	Toronto	1938	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	Toronto	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
 # (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
 Rule	Toronto	1927	1932	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1928	1931	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1932	only	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1933	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1933	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1934	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1945	1946	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1947	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1947	1948	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1949	only	-	Nov	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1950	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1950	only	-	Nov	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1951	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
 # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
 # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
 # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
 Rule	Toronto	1957	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
 # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
 # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
 # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
 # Saskatchewan, for one year."
 
 # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
 # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
 # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
 # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
 # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
 # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
 # include the Thunder Bay area....  When Canada adopted daylight
 # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
 # already, did not change their clocks....  During the Second World
 # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
 # months for the remainder of the war years.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Toronto	-5:17:32 -	LMT	1895
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
 			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1974
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 -	LMT	1895
 			-6:00	-	CST	1910
 			-5:00	-	EST	1942
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1970
 			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1973
 			-5:00	-	EST	1974
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 Zone America/Nipigon	-5:53:04 -	LMT	1895
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1940 Sep 29
 			-5:00	1:00	EDT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 -	LMT	1895
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1940 Sep 29
 			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 Zone America/Atikokan	-6:06:28 -	LMT	1895
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1940 Sep 29
 			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1945 Sep 30  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 
 # Manitoba
 
 # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
 # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
 # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
 # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
 # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
 # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
 # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
 # starting 1966.  Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
 # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Winn	1916	only	-	Apr	23	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1916	only	-	Sep	17	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1937	only	-	May	16	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1937	only	-	Sep	26	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Winn	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Winn	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1946	only	-	May	12	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1946	only	-	Oct	13	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1947	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1947	1949	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1950	only	-	May	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1950	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1951	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1951	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1960	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1963	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1963	only	-	Sep	22	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1966	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1966	2005	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1987	2005	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Winnipeg	-6:28:36 -	LMT	1887 Jul 16
 			-6:00	Winn	C%sT	2006
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 
 
 # Saskatchewan
 
 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
 # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
 # level.  As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
 # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
 # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
 # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
 # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
 # the summer".  The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
 # time was noted.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
 # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
 # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
 # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
 # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
 # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
 
 # From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
 # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
 # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
 # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
 # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
 #
 # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
 # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
 # their affiliations in one direction or the other.  In 1965 a provincial
 # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
 #
 # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
 # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
 # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
 # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
 # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
 # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
 # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
 #
 # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
 # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
 # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
 # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
 # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
 # since sometime in the 1960s.
 
 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
 # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
 # long and rather painful to read.
 # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Regina	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1930	1934	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1930	1934	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1937	1941	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1937	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1938	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1939	1941	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Regina	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Regina	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1946	only	-	Apr	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1946	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1947	1957	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1947	1957	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1959	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 #
 Rule	Swift	1957	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Swift	1957	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Swift	1959	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Swift	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Swift	1960	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Regina	-6:58:36 -	LMT	1905 Sep
 			-7:00	Regina	M%sT	1960 Apr lastSun  2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST
 Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 -	LMT	1905 Sep
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT	1946 Apr lastSun  2:00
 			-7:00	Regina	M%sT	1950
 			-7:00	Swift	M%sT	1972 Apr lastSun  2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST
 
 
 # Alberta
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Edm	1918	1919	-	Apr	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1919	only	-	May	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1920	1923	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1921	1923	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Edm	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Edm	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1947	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1947	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1967	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1967	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1969	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1969	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1972	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1972	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Edmonton	-7:33:52 -	LMT	1906 Sep
 			-7:00	Edm	M%sT	1987
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 
 
 # British Columbia
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
 # been like Vancouver.
 # Dawson Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
 
 # It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
 
 # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
 # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
 # that do not currently observe daylight saving:
 # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
 # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
 # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
 
 # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
 # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
 # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
 # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
 # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
 # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
 
 # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
 # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain.  I e-mailed Tammy a few months
 # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess.  She said it was just
 # as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing
 # the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
 # subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
 # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
 
 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
 # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
 # Exact date unknown
 # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
 # Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
 # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
 # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
 # note 1:
 # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
 # Creston did not change its clocks.
 # note 2:
 # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
 # Creston did not oblige.
 # note 3:
 # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
 # (UTC-7) forever.
 # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
 # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
 
 # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
 # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
 # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
 # the change.  It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
 # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
 # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
 
 # The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
 
 # From Matt Johnson (2015-09-21):
 # Fort Nelson, BC, Canada will cancel DST this year.  So while previously they
 # were aligned with America/Vancouver, they're now aligned with
 # America/Dawson_Creek.
 # http://www.northernrockies.ca/EN/meta/news/archives/2015/northern-rockies-time-change.html
 #
 # From Tim Parenti (2015-09-23):
 # This requires a new zone for the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality,
 # America/Fort_Nelson.  The resolution of 2014-12-08 was reached following a
 # 2014-11-15 poll with nearly 75% support.  Effectively, the municipality has
 # been on MST (-0700) like Dawson Creek since it advanced its clocks on
 # 2015-03-08.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
 # Shanks says Fort Nelson did not observe DST in 1946, unlike Vancouver.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Vanc	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Vanc	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Vanc	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Vanc	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Vanc	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Vanc	1946	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Vanc	1946	only	-	Oct	13	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Vanc	1947	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Vanc	1962	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Vancouver	-8:12:28 -	LMT	1884
 			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1987
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -	LMT	1884
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT	1947
 			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1972 Aug 30  2:00
 			-7:00	-	MST
 Zone America/Fort_Nelson	-8:10:47 -	LMT	1884
 			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1946
 			-8:00	-	PST	1947
 			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1987
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT	2015 Mar  8  2:00
 			-7:00	-	MST
 Zone America/Creston	-7:46:04 -	LMT	1884
 			-7:00	-	MST	1916 Oct 1
 			-8:00	-	PST	1918 Jun 2
 			-7:00	-	MST
 
 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
 # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
 #	* 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
 #	c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9....
 #	see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
 #	[http://canlii.ca/t/7vhg]
 #	* C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
 #	* O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
 #	* O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
 
 # From Brian Inglis (2015-04-14):
 #
 # I tried to trace the history of Yukon time and found the following
 # regulations, giving the reference title and URL if found, regulation name,
 # and relevant quote if available.  Each regulation specifically revokes its
 # predecessor.  The final reference is to the current Interpretation Act
 # authorizing and resulting from these regulatory changes.
 #
 # Only recent regulations were retrievable via Yukon government site search or
 # index, and only some via Canadian legal sources.  Other sources used include
 # articles titled "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" from JRASC via ADS
 # Abstracts, cited by ADO for 1932 ..., and updated versions from 1958 and
 # 1970 quoted below; each article includes current extracts from provincial
 # and territorial ST and DST regulations at the end, summaries and details of
 # standard times and daylight saving time at many locations across Canada,
 # with time zone maps, tables and calculations for Canadian Sunrise, Sunset,
 # and LMST; they also cover many countries and global locations, with a chart
 # and table showing current Universal Time offsets, and may be useful as
 # another source of information for 1970 and earlier.
 #
 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; JRASC, Vol. 26,
 #   pp.49-77; February 1932; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
 #   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JRASC..26...49S from p.75:
 #   Yukon Interpretation Ordinance
 #   Yukon standard time is the local mean time at the one hundred and
 #   thirty-fifth meridian.
 #
 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; Thomson, Malcolm M.;
 #   JRASC, Vol. 52, pp.193-223; October 1958; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
 #   (ADS) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958JRASC..52..193S from pp.220-1:
 #   Yukon Interpretation Ordinance, 1955, Chap. 16.
 #
 #     (1) Subject to this section, standard time shall be reckoned as nine
 #     hours behind Greenwich Time and called Yukon Standard Time.
 #
 #     (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Commissioner may make regulations
 #     varying the manner of reckoning standard time.
 #
 # * Yukon Territory Commissioner's Order 1966-20 Interpretation Ordinance
 #   http://? - no online source found
 #
 # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Thomson, Malcolm M.; JRASC,
 #   Vol. 64, pp.129-162; June 1970; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
 #   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970JRASC..64..129T from p.156: Yukon
 #   Territory Commissioner's Order 1967-59 Interpretation Ordinance ...
 #
 #     1. Commissioner's Order 1966-20 dated at Whitehorse in the Yukon
 #     Territory on 27th January, 1966, is hereby revoked.
 #
 #     2. Yukon (East) Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the
 #     Interpretation Ordinance from and after mid-night on the 28th day of May,
 #     1967 shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that
 #     is to say, eight hours behind Greenwich Time in the area of the Yukon
 #     Territory lying east of the 138th degree longitude west.
 #
 #     3. In the remainder of the Territory, lying west of the 138th degree
 #     longitude west, Yukon (West) Standard Time shall be reckoned as nine
 #     hours behind Greenwich Time.
 #
 # * Yukon Standard Time defined as Pacific Standard Time, YCO 1973/214
 #   http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yco-1973-214/latest/yco-1973-214.html
 #   C.O. 1973/214 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
 #
 #     1. Effective October 28, 1973 Commissioner's Order 1967/59 is hereby
 #     revoked.
 #
 #     2. Yukon Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the Interpretation
 #     Act from and after midnight on the twenty-eighth day of October, 1973
 #     shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that is
 #     to say eight hours behind Greenwich Time.
 #
 # * O.I.C. 1980/02 INTERPRETATION ACT
 #   http://? - no online source found
 #
 # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time, YOIC 1987/56
 #   http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-1987-56/latest/yoic-1987-56.html
 #   O.I.C. 1987/056 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
 #
 #   In every year between
 #     (a) two o'clock in the morning in the first Sunday in April, and
 #     (b) two o'clock in the morning in the last Sunday in October,
 #   Standard Time shall be reckoned as seven hours behind Greenwich Time and
 #   called Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
 #   ...
 #   Dated ... 9th day of March, A.D., 1987.
 #
 # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time 2006, YOIC 2006/127
 #   http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-2006-127/latest/yoic-2006-127.html
 #   O.I.C. 2006/127 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
 #
 #     1. In Yukon each year the time for general purposes shall be 7 hours
 #     behind Greenwich mean time during the period commencing at two o'clock
 #     in the forenoon on the second Sunday of March and ending at two o'clock
 #     in the forenoon on the first Sunday of November and shall be called
 #     Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
 #
 #     2. Order-in-Council 1987/56 is revoked.
 #
 #     3. This order comes into force January 1, 2007.
 #
 # * Interpretation Act, RSY 2002, c 125
 # http://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/stat/rsy-2002-c-125/latest/rsy-2002-c-125.html
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
 # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
 #
 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
 # http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
 # (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
 # Pangnirtung wobbled.  Here is the result of their wobble:
 #
 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
 #
 #	First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
 #	Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
 #
 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
 #
 #	Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
 #
 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
 # the current state of affairs.
 
 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
 # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
 # for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
 # for these potential new Zones.
 #
 # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
 # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
 # zone] skip daylight savings.  Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
 # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
 # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
 # required to use daylight savings.
 
 # From 
 # Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
 # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
 # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
 # the rest of the territory for the winter.  Cambridge Bay remained on
 # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
 # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
 # unified time zone in 1999.
 #
 # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
 # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
 # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
 # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
 # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
 # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern).  Of the
 # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
 # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round.  I'm
 # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
 # more.
 # [Also see  (2001-03-09).]
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
 # According to ...
 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
 # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
 # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
 # round.  Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
 # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
 # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
 # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-17):
 # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
 # daylight saving only during wartime.  Gwillim Law's email also
 # mentioned maps now maintained by National Research Council Canada;
 # see above for an up-to-date link.
 
 # From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
 # ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
 # Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
 # Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
 # daylight saving....
 # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
 
 # From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
 # Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
 # Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
 # the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
 # decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
 #
 # According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
 # went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
 #
 # On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
 # 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
 # talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
 # to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
 # explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
 # (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
 # i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
 # had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
 # so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
 #
 # On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
 # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
 # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
 # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
 # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
 # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
 # and worked in Resolute Bay...
 #
 # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
 # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
 # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
 # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
 # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
 # tell me when the practice had stopped.
 #
 # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
 # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
 # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
 # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
 # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
 # Aziz:
 # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
 #
 # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
 # Eastern Standard Time.
 #
 # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
 # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
 # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
 # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
 #
 # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
 #
 # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
 # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
 # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
 # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
 #
 # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
 # never have contacted her.  I now believe that all the information I
 # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
 # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NT_YK	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NT_YK	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1919	only	-	May	25	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NT_YK	1919	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	NT_YK	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	NT_YK	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1965	only	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	2:00	DD
 Rule	NT_YK	1965	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1980	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NT_YK	1980	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # aka Panniqtuuq
-Zone America/Pangnirtung 0	-	zzz	1921 # trading post est.
+Zone America/Pangnirtung 0	-	-00	1921 # trading post est.
 			-4:00	NT_YK	A%sT	1995 Apr Sun>=1  2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 # formerly Frobisher Bay
-Zone America/Iqaluit	0	-	zzz	1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
+Zone America/Iqaluit	0	-	-00	1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
 			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 # aka Qausuittuq
-Zone America/Resolute	0	-	zzz	1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
+Zone America/Resolute	0	-	-00	1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
 			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2006 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2007 Mar 11  3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 # aka Kangiqiniq
-Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0	-	zzz	1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
+Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0	-	-00	1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
 			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
-Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0	-	zzz	1920 # trading post est.?
+Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0	-	-00	1920 # trading post est.?
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2000 Nov  5  0:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
-Zone America/Yellowknife 0	-	zzz	1935 # Yellowknife founded?
+Zone America/Yellowknife 0	-	-00	1935 # Yellowknife founded?
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
-Zone America/Inuvik	0	-	zzz	1953 # Inuvik founded
+Zone America/Inuvik	0	-	-00	1953 # Inuvik founded
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1979 Apr lastSun  2:00
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 Zone America/Whitehorse	-9:00:12 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1967 May 28  0:00
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1980
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1973 Oct 28  0:00
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1980
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Mexico
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-12-07):
 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
 # http://www.diputados.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/index.htm
 #
 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
 # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
 # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
 # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
 # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
 # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
 # tz database.  I think they can best be explained by supposing that
 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
 # the relevant documents.
 
 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
 #
 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
 #
 # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
 # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
 #
 # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
 #    - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
 #    - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
 #    - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
 #
 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
 #    at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
 #    BajaNorte: GMT+7
 #    BajaSur:   GMT+6
 #    General:   GMT+5
 #
 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
 #    BajaNorte: GMT+8
 #    BajaSur:   GMT+7
 #    General:   GMT+6
 #
 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
 #
 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
 # For an English translation of the decree, see
 # "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
 # http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
 
 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
 
 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
 # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
 # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
 # Arizona year round.
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
 #  (2001-01-17):
 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
 # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
 # whole year.
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
 #  ... says
 # (translated):...
 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
 # this year....
 # http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
 # ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
 # the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
 
 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
 # (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
 # and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
 #
 # http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
 # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
 #   the Federal District will not adopt DST.
 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
 #   the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
 #
 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
 # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
 # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
 # September 30, 2001.
 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" 
 # Palabra  (2001-03-31)
 
 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
 # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
 # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
 # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
 # next year....  The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
 # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
 # confirms this.  Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
 #
 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
 # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
 # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
 # > the United States.
 # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
 # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
 # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
 # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
 # (Spanish)
 #
 # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
 # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
 #
 # There is also a list of the votes here:
 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
 #
 # Our page:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
 # The page
 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
 # includes this text:
 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
 # Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
 # Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
 # Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
 # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
 # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
 # internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
 # kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
 # interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
 # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2014-12-08), translated by Gwillim Law:
 # The Mexican state of Quintana Roo will likely change to EST in 2015.
 #
 # http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2014/12/04/medio-ambiente/congreso-aprueba-una-hora-mas-de-sol-en-qroo
 # "With this change, the time conflict that has existed between the municipios
 # of Quintana Roo and the municipio of Felipe Carrillo Puerto may come to an
 # end. The latter declared itself in rebellion 15 years ago when a time change
 # was initiated in Mexico, and since then it has refused to change its time
 # zone along with the rest of the country."
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-01-14), translated by Gwillim Law:
 # http://sipse.com/novedades/confirman-aplicacion-de-nueva-zona-horaria-para-quintana-roo-132331.html
 # "...the new time zone will come into effect at two o'clock on the first Sunday
 # of February, when we will have to advance the clock one hour from its current
 # time..."
 # Also, the new zone will not use DST.
 #
 # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2015-02-02):
 # The decree that modifies the Mexican Hour System Law has finally
 # been published at the Diario Oficial de la Federación
 # http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5380123&fecha=31/01/2015
 # It establishes 5 zones for Mexico:
 # 1- Zona Centro (Central Zone): Corresponds to longitude 90 W,
 #    includes most of Mexico, excluding what's mentioned below.
 # 2- Zona Pacífico (Pacific Zone): Longitude 105 W, includes the
 #    states of Baja California Sur; Chihuahua; Nayarit (excluding Bahía
 #    de Banderas which lies in Central Zone); Sinaloa and Sonora.
 # 3- Zona Noroeste (Northwest Zone): Longitude 120 W, includes the
 #    state of Baja California.
 # 4- Zona Sureste (Southeast Zone): Longitude 75 W, includes the state
 #    of Quintana Roo.
 # 5- The islands, reefs and keys shall take their timezone from the
 #    longitude they are located at.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Feb	5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Jun	25	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1940	only	-	Dec	9	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1941	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1943	only	-	Dec	16	0:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Mexico	1944	only	-	May	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1950	only	-	Feb	12	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1950	only	-	Jul	30	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1996	2000	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1996	2000	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	2001	only	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	2001	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	2002	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	2002	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
 Zone America/Cancun	-5:47:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
 			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
 			-5:00	Mexico	E%sT	1998 Aug  2  2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2015 Feb  1  2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST
 # Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
 Zone America/Merida	-5:58:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
 			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
 			-5:00	-	EST	1982 Dec  2
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
-# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
+# Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
+# This includes the following municipalities:
+#   in Coahuila: Ocampo, Acuña, Zaragoza, Jiménez, Piedras Negras, Nava,
+#     Guerrero, Hidalgo.
+#   in Nuevo León: Anáhuac, Los Aldama.
+#   in Tamaulipas: Nuevo Laredo, Guerrero, Mier, Miguel Alemán, Camargo,
+#     Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Reynosa, Río Bravo, Valle Hermoso, Matamoros.
+# See: Inicia mañana Horario de Verano en zona fronteriza, El Universal,
+# 2016-03-12
+# http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/estados/2016/03/12/inicia-manana-horario-de-verano-en-zona-fronteriza
 Zone America/Matamoros	-6:40:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1988
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2010
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
-# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
+# Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
 Zone America/Monterrey	-6:41:16 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
 			-6:00	-	CST	1988
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Central Mexico
 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2001 Sep 30  2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	2002 Feb 20
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Chihuahua (near US border)
+# This includes the municipalities of Janos, Ascensión, Juárez, Guadalupe,
+# Práxedis G Guerrero, Coyame del Sotol, Ojinaga, and Manuel Benavides.
+# (See the 2016-03-12 El Universal source mentioned above.)
 Zone America/Ojinaga	-6:57:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:02:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1998
 			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010
 			-7:00	US	M%sT
 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
 Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1998
 			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
 # Sonora
 Zone America/Hermosillo	-7:23:52 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1999
 			-7:00	-	MST
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
 # According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
 #
 # (Spanish)
 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
 # país, a partir de este domingo
 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
 #
 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
 # País
 # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
 #
 # (English)
 # Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
 #
 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
 # will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
 # zone ..."
 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
 
 # Mazatlán
 Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
 
 # Bahía de Banderas
 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas	-7:01:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010 Apr  4  2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 
-# Baja California (near US border)
+# Baja California
 Zone America/Tijuana	-7:48:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
 			-7:00	-	MST	1924
 			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 15
 			-8:00	-	PST	1931 Apr  1
 			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1931 Sep 30
 			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr 24
 			-8:00	1:00	PWT	1945 Aug 14 23:00u
 			-8:00	1:00	PPT	1945 Nov 12 # Peace
 			-8:00	-	PST	1948 Apr  5
 			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1954
 			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1961
 			-8:00	-	PST	1976
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	1996
 			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2001
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	2002 Feb 20
 			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2010
 			-8:00	US	P%sT
-# Baja California (away from US border)
-Zone America/Santa_Isabel	-7:39:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:20:32
-			-7:00	-	MST	1924
-			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
-			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 15
-			-8:00	-	PST	1931 Apr  1
-			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1931 Sep 30
-			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr 24
-			-8:00	1:00	PWT	1945 Aug 14 23:00u
-			-8:00	1:00	PPT	1945 Nov 12 # Peace
-			-8:00	-	PST	1948 Apr  5
-			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1949 Jan 14
-			-8:00	-	PST	1954
-			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1961
-			-8:00	-	PST	1976
-			-8:00	US	P%sT	1996
-			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2001
-			-8:00	US	P%sT	2002 Feb 20
-			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
 # through 1995.  This was as per Shanks (1999).  But Shanks & Pottenger say
 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975.  Guy Harris reports
 # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then.  This concerns
 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
 # name or contents should be.
 #
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-10-08):
+# Formerly there was an America/Santa_Isabel zone, but this appears to
+# have come from a misreading of
+# http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
+# It has been moved to the 'backward' file.
+#
+#
 # Revillagigedo Is
 # no information
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Anguilla
 # Antigua and Barbuda
 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Bahamas
 #
 # For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
 #
 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Bahamas	1964	1975	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Bahamas	1964	1975	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Nassau	-5:09:30 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 			-5:00	Bahamas	E%sT	1976
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 
 # Barbados
 
 # For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Barb	1977	only	-	Jun	12	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Barb	1977	1978	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Barb	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Barb	1979	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Barb	1980	only	-	Sep	25	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Barbados	-3:58:29 -	LMT	1924 # Bridgetown
 			-3:58:29 -	BMT	1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
 			-4:00	Barb	A%sT
 
 # Belize
 # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Belize	1918	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0:30	HD
 Rule	Belize	1919	1943	-	Feb	Sun>=9	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Belize	1973	only	-	Dec	 5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Belize	1974	only	-	Feb	 9	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Belize	1982	only	-	Dec	18	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Belize	1983	only	-	Feb	12	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Belize	-5:52:48 -	LMT	1912 Apr
 			-6:00	Belize	C%sT
 
 # Bermuda
 
 # For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
 # Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I; round that.
 
 # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
 
 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
 # in March, until the first Sunday in November.  And, after the Time Zone
 # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
 # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda	-4:19:18 -	LMT	1930 Jan  1  2:00 # Hamilton
 			-4:00	-	AST	1974 Apr 28  2:00
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1976
 			-4:00	US	A%sT
 
 # Cayman Is
+# See America/Panama.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-05-15):
-# The Cayman government has decided to introduce DST in 2016, the idea being
-# to keep in sync with New York.  The legislation hasn't passed but the change
-# seems quite likely.  See: Meade B. Cayman 27.
-# http://www.cayman27.com.ky/2015/05/15/clock-ticks-toward-daylight-saving-time-in-cayman
-
-Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890     # Georgetown
-			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	EST	2016
-			-5:00	US	E%sT
-
 # Costa Rica
 
 # Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	CR	1991	1992	-	Jan	Sat>=15	0:00	1:00	D
 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	CR	1991	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	CR	1992	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	0	S
 # There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890        # San José
 			-5:36:13 -	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
 			-6:00	CR	C%sT
 # Coco
 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
 
 # Cuba
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 # Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
 # for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
 # For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
 # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
 # Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
 # sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
 # to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
 # DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the
 # years before.  The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ...
 # https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html
 
 # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
 # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
 # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
 # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
 # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
 # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
 
 # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
 # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
 # adjustment in Cuba.  We will stay in daylight saving time:
 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
 # watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
 # to the normal schedule....
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
 # , dated yesterday,
 # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
 # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
 # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
 # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
 #
 # He supplied these references:
 #
 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
 #
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
 #
 # Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
 #
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
 # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
 # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
 # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
 # a Cuban information station, and heard
 # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
 # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
 # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
 # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
 # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
 #
 # Some more background information is posted here:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
 #
 # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
 # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
 # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
 # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
 # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
 # change some historic records as well.
 #
 # One example:
 # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
 # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
 # web site, the Granma.  Please check out
 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
 #
 # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
 # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
 # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
 # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
 # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
 # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
 #
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
 # (in Spanish)
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
 # I listened over the Internet to
 # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
 # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
 # the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
 # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
 # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
 # changed at all).
 #
 # Source:
 # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
 #
 # Our info:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
 # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
 # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
 #
 # One source (Spanish)
 # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
 #
 # Our page:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
 # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
 # 31 and April 1.
 #
 # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
 #
 # Our info on it:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
 # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
 # to standard time on 2012-11-04:
 # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
 # For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Cuba	1928	only	-	Jun	10	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1928	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1940	1942	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1940	1942	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1945	1946	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1945	1946	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1965	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1965	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1966	only	-	May	29	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1966	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1967	only	-	Apr	8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1967	1968	-	Sep	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1968	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1969	1977	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1969	1971	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1972	1974	-	Oct	8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1975	1977	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1978	only	-	May	7	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1978	1990	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1979	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1981	1985	-	May	Sun>=5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=14	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1990	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1991	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1997	only	-	Oct	12	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1998	1999	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1998	2003	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	2000	2003	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2004	only	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2006	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	2007	only	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2008	only	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2009	2010	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2011	only	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2011	only	-	Nov	13	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	2012	only	-	Apr	1	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2012	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Havana	-5:29:28 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:29:36 -	HMT	1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
 			-5:00	Cuba	C%sT
 
 # Dominica
 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Dominican Republic
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
 # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
 # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
 # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
 # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
 # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
 # November 28, 2000, with a new decree.  On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
 # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
 # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future.  The reason they
 # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
 # to implement DST.  When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
 # decided to revert.
 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	DR	1966	only	-	Oct	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	DR	1967	only	-	Feb	28	0:00	0	S
 Rule	DR	1969	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	HD
 Rule	DR	1970	only	-	Feb	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	DR	1971	only	-	Jan	20	0:00	0	S
 Rule	DR	1972	1974	-	Jan	21	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:40	-	SDMT	1933 Apr  1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
 			-5:00	DR	E%sT	1974 Oct 27
 			-4:00	-	AST	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	2000 Dec  3  1:00
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # El Salvador
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Salv	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Salv	1987	1988	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -	LMT	1921 # San Salvador
 			-6:00	Salv	C%sT
 
 # Grenada
 # Guadeloupe
 # St Barthélemy
 # St Martin (French part)
 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Guatemala
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
 # Diario Co Latino, at
 # ,
 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
 # impact of the elevated cost of oil....  Daylight saving time will last from
 # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00.  See
 # http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Guat	1973	only	-	Nov	25	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Guat	1974	only	-	Feb	24	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Guat	1983	only	-	May	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Guat	1983	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Guat	1991	only	-	Mar	23	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Guat	1991	only	-	Sep	 7	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Guat	2006	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Guat	2006	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Guatemala	-6:02:04 -	LMT	1918 Oct 5
 			-6:00	Guat	C%sT
 
 # Haiti
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
 # Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
 # I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
 # .  Translated from French, it says:
 #
 #  "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
 #   and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
 #   Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
 #   provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
 #   Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
 #
 #  "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
 #   the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
 #   starting at midnight.  This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
 #   October 2005.
 #
 #  "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
 # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
 # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
 # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
 # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
 #
 # I have found this article about it (in French):
 # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
 #
 # The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
 
 # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
 # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11):
 # According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year,
 # apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
 # So this means they have already changed their time.
 #
 # http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
 #
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
 # The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
 # 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
 # Assume a US-style fall back as well.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10):
 # It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules
 # as US/Canada.  They did it last year as well, and it looks like they
 # are going to observe DST every year now...
 #
 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
 # http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-12):
+# Jean Antoine, editor of www.haiti-reference.com informed us that Haiti
+# are not going on DST this year.  Several other resources confirm this: ...
+# http://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/presse/heure_d_t_pas_de_changement_d_heure_pr_vu_pour_cet_ann_e.html
+# http://www.vantbefinfo.com/changement-dheure-pas-pour-haiti/
+# http://news.anmwe.com/haiti-lheure-nationale-ne-sera-ni-avancee-ni-reculee-cette-annee/
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Haiti	1983	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1984	1987	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1983	1987	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
 # Go with IATA.
 Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	1:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
 Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Haiti	2012	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Haiti	2012	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Haiti	2012	2015	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Haiti	2012	2015	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:49	-	PPMT	1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
 			-5:00	Haiti	E%sT
 
 # Honduras
 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
 # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
 # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
 # months until September.  La Tribuna reported today
 #  that Manuel Zelaya, the president
 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
 # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
 # http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
 # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
 # published, I have located this authoritative source:
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
 # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
 # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Hond	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Hond	1987	1988	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Hond	2006	only	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Hond	2006	only	-	Aug	Mon>=1	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -	LMT	1921 Apr
 			-6:00	Hond	C%sT
 #
 # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
 
 # Jamaica
 # Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
 # unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
 # island".  Go with Milne.  Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but
 # Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5.
 # Assume Neita meant Jan 6 02:00, the same as the US.  Neita also writes that
 # Manley's supporters associated this act with Manley's nickname "Joshua"
 # (recall that in the Bible the sun stood still at Joshua's request),
 # and with the Rod of Correction which Manley said he had received from
 # Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia.  See:
 # Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
 # http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Jamaica	-5:07:11 -	LMT	1890        # Kingston
 			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST	1974
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1984
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Martinique
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Martinique	-4:04:20 -      LMT	1890        # Fort-de-France
 			-4:04:20 -	FFMT	1911 May    # Fort-de-France MT
 			-4:00	-	AST	1980 Apr  6
 			-4:00	1:00	ADT	1980 Sep 28
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Montserrat
 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Nicaragua
 #
 # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
 # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
 # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
 # expensive petroleum.  The exact end date for DST is not yet
 # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
 # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
 # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
 # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
 # assume that it is daylight saving....
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
 # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
 # during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
 # since December 1998.  I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
 # changes in 2000.  Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
 #
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
 # (2005-09-26)
 #
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
 # (my informal translation)
 # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
 # morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
 #
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
 # My informal translation runs:
 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
 # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Nic	1979	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Nic	1979	1980	-	Jun	Mon>=23	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Nic	2005	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Nic	2005	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Nic	2006	only	-	Apr	30	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Nic	2006	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	1:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Managua	-5:45:08 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:45:12 -	MMT	1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
 			-6:00	-	CST	1973 May
 			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Feb 16
 			-6:00	Nic	C%sT	1992 Jan  1  4:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1992 Sep 24
 			-6:00	-	CST	1993
 			-5:00	-	EST	1997
 			-6:00	Nic	C%sT
 
 # Panama
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Panama	-5:18:08 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:19:36 -	CMT	1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST
+Link America/Panama America/Cayman
 
 # Puerto Rico
 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -	LMT	1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
 			-4:00	-	AST	1942 May  3
 			-4:00	US	A%sT	1946
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # St Kitts-Nevis
 # St Lucia
 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # St Pierre and Miquelon
 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15 # St Pierre
 			-4:00	-	AST	1980 May
 			-3:00	-	PMST	1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
 			-3:00	Canada	PM%sT
 
 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 # Turks and Caicos
 #
 # From Chris Dunn in
 # http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007
 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
 # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
 # the recent U.S. change of dates.
 #
 # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
 # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
 # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
 # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
 # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
-# The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UTC-4 year-round.  See:
+# The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UT -04 year-round.  See:
 # http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
 # Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...
 # From Chris Walton (2014-11-04):
 # ... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to
 # "permanent daylight saving time" by one year....
 # http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Grand_Turk	-4:44:32 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST	1979
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # British Virgin Is
 # Virgin Is
 # See America/Port_of_Spain.
 
 
 # Local Variables:
 # coding: utf-8
 # End:
Index: stable/9/contrib/tzdata/southamerica
===================================================================
--- stable/9/contrib/tzdata/southamerica	(revision 307362)
+++ stable/9/contrib/tzdata/southamerica	(revision 307363)
@@ -1,1750 +1,1779 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
 #
 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
 #
 # Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
 # ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
 # suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
 #	I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
 #	_daylight-saving time_.  _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
 #	in Europe and South America.
 #	-- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
 #	H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
 #
 # Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
 # for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
 # "summer time".  Reinaldo Goulart, a São Paulo businessman active in
 # the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
 #	The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
 #	Brazil.  Let's say that "the Brasília time" is considered the
 #	"official time" because Brasília is the capital city.
 #	The other three time zones are called "Brasília time "minus one" or
 #	"plus one" or "plus two".  As far as I know there is no such
 #	name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
 # So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #		std	dst
 #	-2:00	FNT	FNST	Fernando de Noronha
 #	-3:00	BRT	BRST	Brasília
 #	-4:00	AMT	AMST	Amazon
 #	-5:00	ACT	ACST	Acre
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Argentina
 
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
 # Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974.  Switches at midnight.
 
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-19):
 # ARGENTINA           3 H BEHIND   UTC
 
 # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
 # I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table...
 # AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Arg	1930	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1931	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1931	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1932	1940	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1932	1939	-	Nov	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1940	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1941	only	-	Jun	15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1941	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1943	only	-	Aug	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1943	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1946	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1946	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Dec	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1967	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1967	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1968	1969	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	Jan	23	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1988	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 #
 # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
 # These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
 # obtaining the data from the:
 # Talleres de Hidrografía Naval Argentina
 # (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
 Rule	Arg	1989	1993	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1989	1992	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 #
 # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
 # From this moment on, the law that mandated the daylight saving
 # time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
 # to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
 #
 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
 # On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time,
 # which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours
 # from the International Date Line.
 Rule	Arg	1999	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-12-28):
 # DST was set to expire on March 5, not March 3, but since it was converted
 # to standard time on March 3 it's more convenient for us to pretend that
 # it ended on March 3.
 Rule	Arg	2000	only	-	Mar	3	0:00	0	-
 #
 # From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
 # We just checked with our São Paulo office and they say the government of
 # Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
 # So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
 #
 # From Fabián L. Arce Jofré (2000-04-04):
 # The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
 # de la Rúa on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
 # in the winter time, rather than less.  The change took effect on March 3.
 #
 # From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
 # one of the major newspapers here in Argentina said that the 1999
 # Timezone Law (which never was effectively applied) will (would?) be
 # in effect.... The article is at
 # http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-06/e-01701.htm
 # ... The Law itself is "Ley No. 25155", sanctioned on 1999-08-25, enacted
 # 1999-09-17, and published 1999-09-21.  The official publication is at:
 # http://www.boletin.jus.gov.ar/BON/Primera/1999/09-Septiembre/21/PDF/BO21-09-99LEG.PDF
 # Regretfully, you have to subscribe (and pay) for the on-line version....
 #
 # (2001-06-12):
 # the timezone for Argentina will not change next Sunday.
 # Apparently it will do so on Sunday 24th....
 # http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-12/s-03501.htm
 #
 # (2001-06-25):
 # Last Friday (yes, the last working day before the date of the change), the
 # Senate annulled the 1999 law that introduced the changes later postponed.
 # http://www.clarin.com.ar/diario/2001-06-22/s-03601.htm
 # It remains the vote of the Deputies..., but it will be the same....
 # This kind of things had always been done this way in Argentina.
 # We are still -03:00 all year round in all of the country.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-12-21):
 # A user (Leonardo Chaim) reported that Argentina will adopt DST....
 # all of the country (all Zone-entries) are affected.  News reports like
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/opinion/nota.asp?nota_id=973037 indicate
 # that Argentina will use DST next year as well, from October to
 # March, although exact rules are not given.
 #
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
 # The last hurdle of Argentina DST is over, the proposal was approved in
 # the lower chamber too (Diputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
 # By the way thanks to Mariano Absatz and Daniel Mario Vega for the link to
 # the original scanned proposal, where the dates and the zero hours are
 # clear and unambiguous...This is the article about final approval:
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/nota.asp?nota_id=973996
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-12-22):
 # For dates after mid-2008, the following rules are my guesses and
 # are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-09-05):
 # As per message from Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz (Nicaragua),
 # Argentina will start DST on Sunday October 19, 2008.
 #
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina03.html
 # http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=57832 (in spanish)
 
 # From Juan Manuel Docile in https://bugs.gentoo.org/240339 (2008-10-07)
 # via Rodrigo Severo:
 # Argentinian law No. 25.155 is no longer valid.
 # http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/60000-64999/60036/norma.htm
 # The new one is law No. 26.350
 # http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/135000-139999/136191/norma.htm
 # So there is no summer time in Argentina for now.
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2008-10-20):
 # Decree 1693/2008 applies Law 26.350 for the summer 2008/2009 establishing DST
 # in Argentina from 2008-10-19 until 2009-03-15.
 # http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=16102008&pi=3&pf=4&s=0&sec=01
 #
 
 # Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer
 # 2008/2009: Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La
 # Pampa, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego
 # http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=17102008&pi=1&pf=1&s=0&sec=01
 #
 # Press release 235 dated Saturday October 18th, from the Government of the
 # Province of Jujuy saying it will not apply DST either (even when it was not
 # included in Decree 1705/2008).
 # http://www.jujuy.gov.ar/index2/partes_prensa/18_10_08/235-181008.doc
 
 # From fullinet (2009-10-18):
 # As announced in
 # http://www.argentina.gob.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=356
 # (an official .gob.ar) under title: "Sin Cambio de Hora"
 # (English: "No hour change").
 #
 # "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvió no modificar la hora
 # oficial, decisión que estaba en estudio para su implementación el
 # domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificación se anunció
 # que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorológicas, no necesita
 # la modificación del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
 # crecimiento en la producción y distribución energética."
 
 Rule	Arg	2007	only	-	Dec	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	2008	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-05-21):
 # Today it was officially published that the Province of Mendoza is changing
 # its timezone this winter... starting tomorrow night....
 # http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040521-27158-normas.pdf
 # From Paul Eggert (2004-05-24):
 # It's Law No. 7,210.  This change is due to a public power emergency, so for
 # now we'll assume it's for this year only.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-09):
 # Hora de verano para la República Argentina
 # http://buenasiembra.com.ar/esoterismo/astrologia/hora-de-verano-de-la-republica-argentina-27.html
 # says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
 # to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25.  Go with this more-precise value
 # over Shanks & Pottenger.
 #
 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-05):
 # These media articles from a major newspaper mostly cover the current state:
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/27/de_604825.asp
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/28/de_605203.asp
 #
 # The following eight (8) provinces pulled clocks back to UTC-04:00 at
 # midnight Monday May 31st. (that is, the night between 05/31 and 06/01).
 # Apparently, all nine provinces would go back to UTC-03:00 at the same
 # time in October 17th.
 #
 # Catamarca, Chubut, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz,
 # Tierra del Fuego, Tucumán.
 #
 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-14):
 # ... this weekend, the Province of Tucumán decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
 # yesterday midnight (that is, at 24:00 Saturday 12th), since the people's
 # annoyance with the change is much higher than the power savings obtained....
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2004-06-14):
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/06/10/de_609078.asp ...
 #     "The time change in Tierra del Fuego was a conflicted decision from
 #   the start.  The government had decreed that the measure would take
 #   effect on June 1, but a normative error forced the new time to begin
 #   three days earlier, from a Saturday to a Sunday....
 # Our understanding was that the change was originally scheduled to take place
 # on June 1 at 00:00 in Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego (and some other
 # provinces).  Sunday was May 30, only two days earlier.  So the article
 # contains a contradiction.  I would give more credence to the Saturday/Sunday
 # date than the "three days earlier" phrase, and conclude that Tierra del
 # Fuego set its clocks back at 2004-05-30 00:00.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-05):
 # The previous law 7210 which changed the province of Mendoza's time zone
 # back in May have been modified slightly in a new law 7277, which set the
 # new end date to 2004-09-26 (original date was 2004-10-17).
 # http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040924-27244-normas.pdf
 #
 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-10-05):
 # San Juan changed from UTC-03:00 to UTC-04:00 at midnight between
 # Sunday, May 30th and Monday, May 31st.  It changed back to UTC-03:00
 # at midnight between Saturday, July 24th and Sunday, July 25th....
 # http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000329.html
 # http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000426.html
 # http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000441.html
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-01-17):
 # Here are articles that Argentina Province San Luis is planning to end DST
 # as earlier as upcoming Monday January 21, 2008 or February 2008:
 #
 # Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del país
 # (Argentine Province delayed clock and mark difference with the rest of the
 # country)
 # http://cl.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200801171849_EFE_ET4373&idtel
 #
 # Es inminente que en San Luis atrasen una hora los relojes
 # (It is imminent in San Luis clocks one hour delay)
 # http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/nota/253414/Economia/Es-inminente-que-en-San-Luis-atrasen-una-hora-los-relojes.html
 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_argentina02.html
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
 # The page of the San Luis provincial government
 # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=0&id=22812
 # confirms what Alex Krivenyshev has earlier sent to the tz
 # emailing list about that San Luis plans to return to standard
 # time much earlier than the rest of the country. It also
 # confirms that upon request the provinces San Juan and Mendoza
 # refused to follow San Luis in this change.
 #
 # The change is supposed to take place Monday the 21st at 0:00
 # hours. As far as I understand it if this goes ahead, we need
 # a new timezone for San Luis (although there are also documented
 # independent changes in the southamerica file of San Luis in
 # 1990 and 1991 which has not been confirmed).
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
 # Unfortunately the below page has become defunct, about the San Luis
 # time change. Perhaps because it now is part of a group of pages "Most
 # important pages of 2008."
 #
 # You can use
 # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=8141&id=22834
 # instead it seems. Or use "Buscador" from the main page of the San Luis
 # government, and fill in "huso" and click OK, and you will get 3 pages
 # from which the first one is identical to the above.
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2008-01-28):
 # I can confirm that the Province of San Luis (and so far only that
 # province) decided to go back to UTC-3 effective midnight Jan 20th 2008
 # (that is, Monday 21st at 0:00 is the time the clocks were delayed back
 # 1 hour), and they intend to keep UTC-3 as their timezone all year round
 # (that is, unless they change their mind any minute now).
 #
 # So we'll have to add yet another city to 'southamerica' (I think San
 # Luis city is the mos populated city in the Province, so it'd be
 # America/Argentina/San_Luis... of course I can't remember if San Luis's
 # history of particular changes goes along with Mendoza or San Juan :-(
 # (I only remember not being able to collect hard facts about San Luis
 # back in 2004, when these provinces changed to UTC-4 for a few days, I
 # mailed them personally and never got an answer).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
 # Unless otherwise specified, data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger through
 # 1992, from the IATA otherwise.  As noted below, Shanks & Pottenger say that
 # America/Cordoba split into 6 subregions during 1991/1992, one of which
 # was America/San_Luis, but we haven't verified this yet so for now we'll
 # keep America/Cordoba a single region rather than splitting it into the
 # other 5 subregions.
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2009-03-13):
 # Yesterday (with our usual 2-day notice) the Province of San Luis
 # decided that next Sunday instead of "staying" @utc-03:00 they will go
 # to utc-04:00 until the second Saturday in October...
 #
 # The press release is at
 # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/SL/Paginas/NoticiaDetalle.asp?TemaId=1&InfoPrensaId=3102
 # (I couldn't find the decree, but www.sanluis.gov.ar
 # is the official page for the Province Government.)
 #
 # There's also a note in only one of the major national papers ...
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1107912
 #
 # The press release says [quick and dirty translation]:
 # ... announced that next Sunday, at 00:00, Puntanos (the San Luis
 # inhabitants) will have to turn back one hour their clocks
 #
 # Since then, San Luis will establish its own Province timezone. Thus,
 # during 2009, this timezone change will run from 00:00 the third Sunday
 # in March until 24:00 of the second Saturday in October.
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2009-10-16):
 # ...the Province of San Luis is a case in itself.
 #
 # The Law at
 # http://www.diputadossanluis.gov.ar/diputadosasp/paginas/verNorma.asp?NormaID=276
 # is ambiguous because establishes a calendar from the 2nd Sunday in
 # October at 0:00 thru the 2nd Saturday in March at 24:00 and the
 # complement of that starting on the 2nd Sunday of March at 0:00 and
 # ending on the 2nd Saturday of March at 24:00.
 #
 # This clearly breaks every time the 1st of March or October is a Sunday.
 #
 # IMHO, the "spirit of the Law" is to make the changes at 0:00 on the 2nd
 # Sunday of October and March.
 #
 # The problem is that the changes in the rest of the Provinces that did
 # change in 2007/2008, were made according to the Federal Law and Decrees
 # that did so on the 3rd Sunday of October and March.
 #
 # In fact, San Luis actually switched from UTC-4 to UTC-3 last Sunday
 # (October 11th) at 0:00.
 #
 # So I guess a new set of rules, besides "Arg", must be made and the last
 # America/Argentina/San_Luis entries should change to use these...
 #
 # I'm enclosing a patch that does what I say... regretfully, the San Luis
 # timezone must be called "WART/WARST" even when most of the time (like,
 # right now) WARST == ART... that is, since last Sunday, all the country
 # is using UTC-3, but in my patch, San Luis calls it "WARST" and the rest
 # of the country calls it "ART".
 # ...
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-09):
 # According to news reports from El Diario de la República Province San
 # Luis, Argentina (standard time UTC-04) will keep Daylight Saving Time
 # after April 11, 2010 - will continue to have same time as rest of
 # Argentina (UTC-3) (no DST).
 #
 # Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
 # http://www.eldiariodelarepublica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29383&Itemid=9
 # or (some English translation):
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina08.html
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2010-04-12):
 # yes...I can confirm this...and given that San Luis keeps calling
 # UTC-03:00 "summer time", we should't just let San Luis go back to "Arg"
 # rules...San Luis is still using "Western ARgentina Time" and it got
 # stuck on Summer daylight savings time even though the summer is over.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-05):
-# Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at UTC-4
+# Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at -04
 # with perpetual summer time, but ordinary usage typically seems to
-# just say it's at UTC-3; see, for example,
+# just say it's at -03; see, for example,
 # http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_oficial_argentina
 # We've documented similar situations as being plain changes to
 # standard time, so let's do that here too.  This does not change UTC
 # offsets, only tm_isdst and the time zone abbreviations.  One minor
 # plus is that this silences a zic complaint that there's no POSIX TZ
 # setting for time stamps past 2038.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 # Milne says Córdoba time was -4:16:48.2.  Round to the nearest second.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
 Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
 #
 # Córdoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
 # Chaco (CC), Formosa (FM), Santiago del Estero (SE)
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger also make the following claims, which we haven't verified:
 # - Formosa switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-07.
 # - Misiones switched to -3:00 on 1990-12-29.
 # - Chaco switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-04.
 # - Santiago del Estero switched to -4:00 on 1991-04-01,
 #   then to -3:00 on 1991-04-26.
 #
 Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
 #
 # Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquén (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
 Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Tucumán (TM)
 Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 13
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
 #
 # La Rioja (LR)
 Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 May  7
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # San Juan (SJ)
 Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 May  7
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 31
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jul 25
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Jujuy (JY)
 Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 -	LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990 Mar  4
 			-4:00	-	WART	1990 Oct 28
 			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1991 Mar 17
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct  6
 			-3:00	1:00	ARST	1992
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
 Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Mendoza (MZ)
 Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990 Mar  4
 			-4:00	-	WART	1990 Oct 15
 			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1991 Mar  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 15
 			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1992 Mar  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	1992 Oct 18
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 23
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Sep 26
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # San Luis (SL)
 
 Rule	SanLuis	2008	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
 Rule	SanLuis	2007	2008	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	S
 
 Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990
 			-3:00	1:00	ARST	1990 Mar 14
 			-4:00	-	WART	1990 Oct 15
 			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1991 Mar  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Jun  1
 			-3:00	-	ART	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	1:00	WARST	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 31
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jul 25
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Jan 21
 			-4:00	SanLuis	WAR%sT	2009 Oct 11
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Santa Cruz (SC)
 Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (TF)
 Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 30
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 
 # Aruba
 Link America/Curacao America/Aruba
 
 # Bolivia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:32:36 -	CMT	1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
 			-4:32:36 1:00	BOST	1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
 			-4:00	-	BOT	# Bolivia Time
 
 # Brazil
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
 # The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules
 # just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade.
 # The rule change lasted only part of the day;
 # the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business
 # was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon.
 
 # From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
 # _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
 # Santa Catarina (SC), Paraná (PR), São Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
 # Espírito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goiás (GO),
 # Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
 # [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
 
 # From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
 # Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goiás until 1989), and other
 # sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
 # always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
 # The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91.  Each issue from then until
 # 9/95 says that DST is observed only in the ten states I quoted from 9/95,
 # along with Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), which are in BR2
 # (UTC-4)....  The other two time zones given for Brazil are BR3, which is
 # UTC-5, no DST, and applies only in the state of Acre (AC); and BR4, which is
 # UTC-2, and applies to Fernando de Noronha (formerly FN, but I believe it's
 # become part of the state of Pernambuco).  The boundary between BR1 and BR2
 # has never been clearly stated.  They've simply been called East and West.
 # However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
 # Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil.  For each
 # airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM.  From that
 # information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapá (AP), Ceará (CE),
 # Maranhão (MA), Paraíba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piauí (PI), and Rio Grande do
 # Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Pará (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
 
 # From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
 # Brazilian official page 
 
 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2000-11-03):
 # [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
 # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
 # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm
 
 # From Celso Doria via David Madeo (2002-10-09):
 # The reason for the delay this year has to do with elections in Brazil.
 #
 # Unlike in the United States, elections in Brazil are 100% computerized and
 # the results are known almost immediately.  Yesterday, it was the first
 # round of the elections when 115 million Brazilians voted for President,
 # Governor, Senators, Federal Deputies, and State Deputies.  Nobody is
 # counting (or re-counting) votes anymore and we know there will be a second
 # round for the Presidency and also for some Governors.  The 2nd round will
 # take place on October 27th.
 #
 # The reason why the DST will only begin November 3rd is that the thousands
 # of electoral machines used cannot have their time changed, and since the
 # Constitution says the elections must begin at 8:00 AM and end at 5:00 PM,
 # the Government decided to postpone DST, instead of changing the Constitution
 # (maybe, for the next elections, it will be possible to change the clock)...
 
 # From Rodrigo Severo (2004-10-04):
 # It's just the biannual change made necessary by the much hyped, supposedly
 # modern Brazilian eletronic voting machines which, apparently, can't deal
 # with a time change between the first and the second rounds of the elections.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-20):
 # Brazil will start DST on 2007-10-14 00:00 and end on 2008-02-17 00:00:
 # http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do;jsessionid=BBA06811AFCAAC28F0285210913513DA?newsId=13975
 
 # From Paul Schulze (2008-06-24):
 # ...by law number 11.662 of April 24, 2008 (published in the "Diario
 # Oficial da União"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
 # effective today (00:00am at June 24, 2008) as follows:
 #
 # a) The timezone UTC+5 is extinguished, with all the Acre state and the
 # part of the Amazonas state that had this timezone now being put to the
 # timezone UTC+4
 # b) The whole Pará state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
 # part of it, as was before.
 #
 # This change follows a proposal of senator Tiao Viana of Acre state, that
 # proposed it due to concerns about open television channels displaying
 # programs inappropriate to youths in the states that had the timezone
 # UTC+5 too early in the night. In the occasion, some more corrections
 # were proposed, trying to unify the timezones of any given state. This
 # change modifies timezone rules defined in decree 2.784 of 18 June,
 # 1913.
 
 # From Rodrigo Severo (2008-06-24):
 # Just correcting the URL:
 # https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=do&secao=1&pagina=1&data=25/04/2008
 #
 # As a result of the above Decree I believe the America/Rio_Branco
 # timezone shall be modified from UTC-5 to UTC-4 and a new timezone shall
 # be created to represent the...west side of the Pará State. I
 # suggest this new timezone be called Santarem as the most
 # important/populated city in the affected area.
 #
 # This new timezone would be the same as the Rio_Branco timezone up to
 # the 2008/06/24 change which would be to UTC-3 instead of UTC-4.
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-24):
 # This is a quick reference page for New and Old Brazil Time Zones map.
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/brazil-time-new-old.php
 #
 # - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones - eliminating time zone UTC-05
 # (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT-04) - western
 # part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC-03 (from UTC-04).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10):
 # The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from
 # Decretos sobre o Horário de Verão no Brasil.
 # http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-29):
 # As announced by the government and many newspapers in Brazil late
 # yesterday, Brazil will start DST on 2008-10-19 (need to change rule) and
 # it will end on 2009-02-15 (current rule for Brazil is fine). Based on
 # past years experience with the elections, there was a good chance that
 # the start was postponed to November, but it did not happen this year.
 #
 # It has not yet been posted to http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
 #
 # An official page about it:
 # http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do?newsId=16722
 # Note that this link does not always work directly, but must be accessed
 # by going to
 # http://www.mme.gov.br/first
 #
 # One example link that works directly:
 # http://jornale.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13530&Itemid=54
 # (Portuguese)
 #
 # We have a written a short article about it as well:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-dst-2008-2009.html
 #
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-04):
 # State Bahia will return to Daylight savings time this year after 8 years off.
 # The announcement was made by Governor Jaques Wagner in an interview to a
 # television station in Salvador.
 
 # In Portuguese:
 # http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2011/10/governador-jaques-wagner-confirma-horario-de-verao-na-bahia.html
 # http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI5390887-EI8139,00-Bahia+volta+a+ter+horario+de+verao+apos+oito+anos.html
 
 # From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-07):
 # There is news in the media, however there is still no decree about it.
 # I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the
 # official agency about time in Brazil, and she confirmed that the old rule is
 # still in force.
 
 # From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-14)
 # It's official, the President signed a decree that includes Bahia in summer
 # time.
 #	 [ and in a second message (same day): ]
 # I found the decree.
 #
 # DECRETO No. 7.584, DE 13 DE OUTUBRO DE 2011
 # Link :
 # http://www.in.gov.br/visualiza/index.jsp?data=13/10/2011&jornal=1000&pagina=6&totalArquivos=6
 
 # From Kelley Cook (2012-10-16):
 # The governor of state of Bahia in Brazil announced on Thursday that
 # due to public pressure, he is reversing the DST policy they implemented
 # last year and will not be going to Summer Time on October 21st....
 # http://www.correio24horas.com.br/r/artigo/apos-pressoes-wagner-suspende-horario-de-verao-na-bahia
 
 # From Rodrigo Severo (2012-10-16):
 # Tocantins state will have DST.
 # http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI6232536-EI306.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-20):
 # Tocantins in Brazil is very likely not to observe DST from October....
 # http://conexaoto.com.br/2013/09/18/ministerio-confirma-que-tocantins-esta-fora-do-horario-de-verao-em-2013-mas-falta-publicacao-de-decreto
 # We will keep this article updated when this is confirmed:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-starts-dst-2013.html
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-10-17):
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/acre-amazonas-change-time-zone.html
 # Senator Jorge Viana announced that Acre will change time zone on November 10.
 # He did not specify the time of the change, nor if western parts of Amazonas
 # will change as well.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-17):
 # For now, assume western Amazonas will change as well.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Decree 20,466  (1931-10-01)
 # Decree 21,896  (1932-01-10)
 Rule	Brazil	1931	only	-	Oct	 3	11:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1932	1933	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1932	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 23,195  (1933-10-10)
 # revoked DST.
 # Decree 27,496  (1949-11-24)
 # Decree 27,998  (1950-04-13)
 Rule	Brazil	1949	1952	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1950	only	-	Apr	16	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1951	1952	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 32,308  (1953-02-24)
 Rule	Brazil	1953	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 34,724  (1953-11-30)
 # revoked DST.
 # Decree 52,700  (1963-10-18)
 # established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
 # in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
 # Decree 53,071  (1963-12-03)
 # extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
 Rule	Brazil	1963	only	-	Dec	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 53,604  (1964-02-25)
 # extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
 Rule	Brazil	1964	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 55,639  (1965-01-27)
 Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Mar	31	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 57,303  (1965-11-22)
 Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 57,843  (1966-02-18)
 Rule	Brazil	1966	1968	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1966	1967	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 63,429  (1968-10-15)
 # revoked DST.
 # Decree 91,698  (1985-09-27)
 Rule	Brazil	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
 # Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
 Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
 Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Feb	14	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 94,922  (1987-09-22)
 Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 96,676  (1988-09-12)
 # except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
 Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Jan	29	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 98,077  (1989-08-21)
 # with the same exceptions
 Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Oct	15	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 99,530  (1990-09-17)
 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
 # Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
 Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Feb	17	 0:00	0	-
 # Unnumbered decree  (1991-09-25)
 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
 Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Oct	20	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Feb	 9	 0:00	0	-
 # Unnumbered decree  (1992-10-16)
 # adopted by same states.
 Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1993	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 942  (1993-09-28)
 # adopted by same states, plus AM.
 # Decree 1,252  (1994-09-22;
 # web page corrected 2004-01-07) adopted by same states, minus AM.
 # Decree 1,636  (1995-09-14)
 # adopted by same states, plus MT and TO.
 # Decree 1,674  (1995-10-13)
 # adds AL, SE.
 Rule	Brazil	1993	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=11	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1994	1995	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 2,000  (1996-09-04)
 # adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
 Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	-
 # From Daniel C. Sobral (1998-02-12):
 # In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
 # because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
 # they bought the wrong times on satellite for coverage of Pope's visit.
 # This year, the ending date of DS was postponed to March 1
 # to help dealing with the shortages of electric power.
 #
 # Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
 Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 2,495 
 # (1998-02-10)
 Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 2,780  (1998-09-11)
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Oct	11	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Feb	21	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 3,150 
 # (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
 # Decree 3,188  (1999-09-30)
 # adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
 Rule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	2000	only	-	Feb	27	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 3,592  (2000-09-06)
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 # Decree 3,630  (2000-10-13)
 # repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
 # Decree 3,632  (2000-10-17)
 # repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
 # Decree 3,916 
 # (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
 Rule	Brazil	2000	2001	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	2001	2006	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
 # 4,399 
 Rule	Brazil	2002	only	-	Nov	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO.
 # 4,844 
 Rule	Brazil	2003	only	-	Oct	19	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 5,223 (2004-10-01) reestablishes DST in MT.
 # 5,223 
 Rule	Brazil	2004	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 5,539  (2005-09-19),
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	2005	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 5,920  (2006-10-03),
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	2006	only	-	Nov	 5	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	2007	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 6,212  (2007-09-26),
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	2007	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	S
 # From Frederico A. C. Neves (2008-09-10):
 # According to this decree
 # http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2008/Decreto/D6558.htm
 # [t]he DST period in Brazil now on will be from the 3rd Oct Sunday to the
 # 3rd Feb Sunday. There is an exception on the return date when this is
 # the Carnival Sunday then the return date will be the next Sunday...
 Rule	Brazil	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	2008	2011	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2012	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2013	2014	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2015	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2016	2022	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2023	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2024	2025	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2026	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2027	2033	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2034	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2035	2036	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2037	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-09-29):
 # The next is wrong in some years but is better than nothing.
 Rule	Brazil	2038	max	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 
 # The latest ruleset listed above says that the following states observe DST:
 # DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Fernando de Noronha (administratively part of PE)
 Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
 			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	1990 Sep 17
 			-2:00	-	FNT	1999 Sep 30
 			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	2000 Oct 15
 			-2:00	-	FNT	2001 Sep 13
 			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	2002 Oct  1
 			-2:00	-	FNT
 # Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
 # These include Trindade and Martim Vaz (administratively part of ES),
 # Rocas Atoll (RN), and the St Peter and St Paul Archipelago (PE).
 # Fernando de Noronha was a separate territory from 1942-09-02 to 1989-01-01;
 # it also included the Penedos.
 #
 # Amapá (AP), east Pará (PA)
 # East Pará includes Belém, Marabá, Serra Norte, and São Félix do Xingu.
 # The division between east and west Pará is the river Xingu.
 # In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
 # the border with Amapá) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
 Zone America/Belem	-3:13:56 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # west Pará (PA)
 # West Pará includes Altamira, Óbidos, Prainha, Oriximiná, and Santarém.
 Zone America/Santarem	-3:38:48 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-4:00	-	AMT	2008 Jun 24  0:00
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
 # Paraíba (PB)
 Zone America/Fortaleza	-2:34:00 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2000 Oct 22
 			-3:00	-	BRT	2001 Sep 13
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2002 Oct  1
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands)
 Zone America/Recife	-2:19:36 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2000 Oct 15
 			-3:00	-	BRT	2001 Sep 13
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2002 Oct  1
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Tocantins (TO)
 Zone America/Araguaina	-3:12:48 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Sep 14
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2003 Sep 24
 			-3:00	-	BRT	2012 Oct 21
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2013 Sep
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
 Zone America/Maceio	-2:22:52 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Oct 13
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1996 Sep  4
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2000 Oct 22
 			-3:00	-	BRT	2001 Sep 13
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2002 Oct  1
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Bahia (BA)
 # There are too many Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/Bahia instead
 # of America/Salvador.
 Zone America/Bahia	-2:34:04 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2003 Sep 24
 			-3:00	-	BRT	2011 Oct 16
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2012 Oct 21
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Goiás (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
 # Espírito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR),
 # Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
 Zone America/Sao_Paulo	-3:06:28 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1963 Oct 23  0:00
 			-3:00	1:00	BRST	1964
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
 #
 # Mato Grosso do Sul (MS)
 Zone America/Campo_Grande -3:38:28 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT
 #
 # Mato Grosso (MT)
 Zone America/Cuiaba	-3:44:20 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	2003 Sep 24
 			-4:00	-	AMT	2004 Oct  1
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT
 #
 # Rondônia (RO)
 Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
 # Roraima (RR)
 Zone America/Boa_Vista	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-4:00	-	AMT	1999 Sep 30
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	2000 Oct 15
 			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
 # east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutaí, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
 # The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
 # east from west Amazonas.
 Zone America/Manaus	-4:00:04 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-4:00	-	AMT	1993 Sep 28
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1994 Sep 22
 			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
 # west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
 #	Eirunepé, Envira, Ipixuna
 Zone America/Eirunepe	-4:39:28 -	LMT	1914
 			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-5:00	-	ACT	1993 Sep 28
 			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1994 Sep 22
 			-5:00	-	ACT	2008 Jun 24  0:00
 			-4:00	-	AMT	2013 Nov 10
 			-5:00	-	ACT
 #
 # Acre (AC)
 Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-5:00	-	ACT	2008 Jun 24  0:00
 			-4:00	-	AMT	2013 Nov 10
 			-5:00	-	ACT
 
 # Chile
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-03):
 # Shanks & Pottenger says America/Santiago introduced standard time in
 # 1890 and rounds its UTC offset to 70W40; guess that in practice this
 # was the same offset as in 1916-1919.  It also says Pacific/Easter
 # standardized on 109W22 in 1890; assume this didn't change the clocks.
 #
 # Dates for America/Santiago from 1910 to 2004 are primarily from
 # the following source, cited by Oscar van Vlijmen (2006-10-08):
 # [1] Chile Law
 # http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/chile.html
 # This contains a copy of a this official table:
 # Cambios en la hora oficial de Chile desde 1900 (retrieved 2008-03-30)
 # http://web.archive.org/web/20080330200901/http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
 # [1] needs several corrections, though.
 #
 # The first set of corrections is from:
 # [2] History of the Official Time of Chile
 # http://www.horaoficial.cl/ing/horaof_ing.html (retrieved 2012-03-06).  See:
 # http://web.archive.org/web/20120306042032/http://www.horaoficial.cl/ing/horaof_ing.html
 # This is an English translation of:
 # Historia de la hora oficial de Chile (retrieved 2012-10-24).  See:
 # http://web.archive.org/web/20121024234627/http://www.horaoficial.cl/horaof.htm
 # A fancier Spanish version (requiring mouse-clicking) is at:
 # http://www.horaoficial.cl/historia_hora.html
 # Conflicts between [1] and [2] were resolved as follows:
 #
 #  - [1] says the 1910 transition was Jan 1, [2] says Jan 10 and cites
 #    Boletín No. 1, Aviso No. 1 (1910).  Go with [2].
 #
 #  - [1] says SMT was -4:42:45, [2] says Chile's official time from
 #    1916 to 1919 was -4:42:46.3, the meridian of Chile's National
 #    Astronomical Observatory (OAN), then located in what is now
 #    Quinta Normal in Santiago.  Go with [2], rounding it to -4:42:46.
 #
 #  - [1] says the 1918 transition was Sep 1, [2] says Sep 10 and cites
 #    Boletín No. 22, Aviso No. 129/1918 (1918-08-23).  Go with [2].
 #
 #  - [1] does not give times for transitions; assume they occur
 #    at midnight mainland time, the current common practice.  However,
 #    go with [2]'s specification of 23:00 for the 1947-05-21 transition.
 #
 # Another correction to [1] is from Jesper Nørgaard Welen, who
 # wrote (2006-10-08), "I think that there are some obvious mistakes in
 # the suggested link from Oscar van Vlijmen,... for instance entry 66
 # says that GMT-4 ended 1990-09-12 while entry 67 only begins GMT-3 at
 # 1990-09-15 (they should have been 1990-09-15 and 1990-09-16
 # respectively), but anyhow it clears up some doubts too."
 #
 # Data for Pacific/Easter from 1910 through 1967 come from Shanks &
 # Pottenger.  After that, for lack of better info assume
 # Pacific/Easter is always two hours behind America/Santiago;
 # this is known to work for DST transitions starting in 2008 and
 # may well be true for earlier transitions.
 
 # From Eduardo Krell (1995-10-19):
 # The law says to switch to DST at midnight [24:00] on the second SATURDAY
 # of October....  The law is the same for March and October.
 # (1998-09-29):
 # Because of the drought this year, the government decided to go into
 # DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ...
 # (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess).
 
 # From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18):
 # Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
 # on April 3, (one-time change).
 
 # From Germán Poo-Caamaño (2008-03-03):
 # Due to drought, Chile extends Daylight Time in three weeks.  This
 # is one-time change (Saturday 3/29 at 24:00 for America/Santiago
 # and Saturday 3/29 at 22:00 for Pacific/Easter)
 # The Supreme Decree is located at
 # http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf
 #
 # From José Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
 # http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm
 
 # From Angel Chiang (2010-03-04):
 # Subject: DST in Chile exceptionally extended to 3 April due to earthquake
 # http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewNoticia.aspx?idArticulo=30098
 #
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-03-06):
 # Angel Chiang's message confirmed by Julio Pacheco; Julio provided a patch.
 
 # From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-28):
 # http://diario.elmercurio.com/2011/03/28/_portada/_portada/noticias/7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E.htm?id=3D{7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E}
 # In English:
 # Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead
 # of this Saturday. They will go forward again the 3rd Saturday in
 # August, not in October as they have since 1968.
 
 # From Mauricio Parada (2012-02-22), translated by Glenn Eychaner (2012-02-23):
 # As stated in the website of the Chilean Energy Ministry
 # http://www.minenergia.cl/ministerio/noticias/generales/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de.html
 # The Chilean Government has decided to postpone the entrance into winter time
 # (to leave DST) from March 11 2012 to April 28th 2012....
 # Quote from the website communication:
 #
 # 6. For the year 2012, the dates of entry into winter time will be as follows:
 # a. Saturday April 28, 2012, clocks should go back 60 minutes; that is, at
 # 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be 23:00
 # of the same day.
 # b. Saturday, September 1, 2012, clocks should go forward 60 minutes; that is,
 # at 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be
 # 01:00 on September 2.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-02-15):
 # According to several news sources, Chile has extended DST this year,
 # they will end DST later and start DST earlier than planned.  They
 # hope to save energy.  The new end date is 2013-04-28 00:00 and new
 # start date is 2013-09-08 00:00....
 # http://www.gob.cl/informa/2013/02/15/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de-hora-para-el-ano-2013.htm
 
 # From José Miguel Garrido (2014-02-19):
 # Today appeared in the Diario Oficial a decree amending the time change
 # dates to 2014.
 # DST End: last Saturday of April 2014 (Sun 27 Apr 2014 03:00 UTC)
 # DST Start: first Saturday of September 2014 (Sun 07 Sep 2014 04:00 UTC)
 # http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl//media/2014/02/19/do-20140219.pdf
 
 # From Eduardo Romero Urra (2015-03-03):
 # Today has been published officially that Chile will use the DST time
 # permanently until March 25 of 2017
 # http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/media/2015/03/03/1-large.jpg
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
 # For now, assume that the extension will persist indefinitely.
 
+# From Juan Correa (2016-03-18):
+# The decree regarding DST has been published in today's Official Gazette:
+# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/versiones-anteriores/do/20160318/
+# http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1088502
+# It does consider the second Saturday of May and August as the dates
+# for the transition; and it lists DST dates until 2019, but I think
+# this scheme will stick.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
+# For now, assume the pattern holds for the indefinite future.
+# The decree says transitions occur at 24:00; in practice this appears
+# to mean 24:00 mainland time, not 24:00 local time, so that Easter
+# Island is always two hours behind the mainland.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1968	only	-	Nov	 3	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1969	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1969	only	-	Nov	23	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1970	only	-	Mar	29	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1971	only	-	Mar	14	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1970	1972	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1972	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1973	only	-	Sep	30	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1974	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1987	only	-	Apr	12	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1988	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1988	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1990	only	-	Sep	16	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1991	1996	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1991	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1997	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1998	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1998	only	-	Sep	27	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1999	2010	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	2000	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 # N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
 # which is used below in specifying the transition.
 Rule	Chile	2008	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2009	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2010	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2011	only	-	May	Sun>=2	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2011	only	-	Aug	Sun>=16	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	2012	2015	-	Apr	Sun>=23	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	Chile	2012	2014	-	Apr	Sun>=23	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2012	2014	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	2016	max	-	May	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	Chile	2016	max	-	Aug	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 # IATA SSIM anomalies: (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
 # (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:46 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1910 Jan 10 # Santiago Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	CLT	1916 Jul  1 # Chile Time
 			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1918 Sep 10
 			-4:00	-	CLT	1919 Jul  1
 			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1927 Sep  1
 			-5:00	Chile	CL%sT	1932 Sep  1
 			-4:00	-	CLT	1942 Jun  1
 			-5:00	-	CLT	1942 Aug  1
 			-4:00	-	CLT	1946 Jul 15
 			-4:00	1:00	CLST	1946 Sep  1 # central Chile
 			-4:00	-	CLT	1947 Apr  1
 			-5:00	-	CLT	1947 May 21 23:00
-			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT	2015 Apr 26  3:00u
-			-3:00	-	CLT
+			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT
 Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890
 			-7:17:28 -	EMT	1932 Sep    # Easter Mean Time
 			-7:00	Chile	EAS%sT	1982 Mar 14 3:00u # Easter Time
-			-6:00	Chile	EAS%sT	2015 Apr 26 3:00u
-			-5:00	-	EAST
+			-6:00	Chile	EAS%sT
 #
 # Salas y Gómez Island is uninhabited.
 # Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernández Is, Desventuradas Is,
 # and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
 
 # Antarctic base using South American rules
 # (See the file 'antarctica' for more.)
 #
 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
 #
 # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
 # Palmer has followed Chile.  Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	zzz	1965
+Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	-00	1965
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1982 May
-			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT	2015 Apr 26 3:00u
-			-3:00	-	CLT
+			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT
 
 # Colombia
 
 # Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899; round to nearest.  He writes,
 # "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare."
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	CO	1992	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	CO	1993	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:16 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
 			-4:56:16 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time
 			-5:00	CO	CO%sT	# Colombia Time
 # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
 # no information; probably like America/Bogota
 
 # Curaçao
 
 # Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
 # -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
 # Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
 # 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01.  The former is dubious, since S&P also say
 # Saba Island has been like Curaçao.
 # This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
 #
 # By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become
 # associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
 # Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
 # Netherlands as Kingdom Islands.  This won't affect their time zones
 # though, as far as we know.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:47 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
 			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
 # use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
 # The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen characters
 # and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
 
 Link	America/Curacao	America/Lower_Princes	# Sint Maarten
 Link	America/Curacao	America/Kralendijk	# Caribbean Netherlands
 
 # Ecuador
 #
 # Milne says the Central and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-04):
 # Apparently Ecuador had a failed experiment with DST in 1992.
 #  (2007-02-27) and
 #  (2006-11-06) both
 # talk about "hora Sixto".  Leave this alone for now, as we have no data.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Guayaquil	-5:19:20 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:14:00 -	QMT	1931 # Quito Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	ECT	# Ecuador Time
 Zone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
 			-5:00	-	ECT	1986
 			-6:00	-	GALT	# Galápagos Time
 
 # Falklands
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Between 1990 and 2000 inclusive, Shanks & Pottenger and the IATA agree except
 # the IATA gives 1996-09-08.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 
 # From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
 # via Jesper Nørgaard:
 # ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
 # April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
 # September.  It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
 # am on Sunday 21 April 2002 and advance to summer time at 2 am on
 # Sunday 1 September.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-02-13):
 #
 # I have communicated several times with people there, and the last
 # time I had communications that was helpful was in 1998.  Here is
 # what was said then:
 #
 # "The general rule was that Stanley used daylight saving and the Camp
 # did not. However for various reasons many people in the Camp have
 # started to use daylight saving (known locally as 'Stanley Time')
 # There is no rule as to who uses daylight saving - it is a matter of
 # personal choice and so it is impossible to draw a map showing who
 # uses it and who does not. Any list would be out of date as soon as
 # it was produced. This year daylight saving ended on April 18/19th
 # and started again on September 12/13th.  I do not know what the rule
 # is, but can find out if you like.  We do not change at the same time
 # as UK or Chile."
 #
 # I did have in my notes that the rule was "Second Saturday in Sep at
 # 0:00 until third Saturday in Apr at 0:00".  I think that this does
 # not agree in some cases with Shanks; is this true?
 #
 # Also, there is no mention in the list that some areas in the
 # Falklands do not use DST.  I have found in my communications there
 # that these areas are on the western half of East Falkland and all of
 # West Falkland.  Stanley is the only place that consistently observes
 # DST.  Again, as in other places in the world, the farmers don't like
 # it.  West Falkland is almost entirely sheep farmers.
 #
 # I know one lady there that keeps a list of which farm keeps DST and
 # which doesn't each year.  She runs a shop in Stanley, and says that
 # the list changes each year.  She uses it to communicate to her
 # customers, catching them when they are home for lunch or dinner.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
 # For now, we'll just record the time in Stanley, since we have no
 # better info.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-04-01):
 # The Falkland Islands will not turn back clocks this winter, but stay on
 # daylight saving time.
 #
 # One source:
 # http://www.falklandnews.com/public/story.cfm?get=5914&source=3
 #
 # We have gotten this confirmed by a clerk of the legislative assembly:
 # Normally the clocks revert to Local Mean Time (UTC/GMT -4 hours) on the
 # third Sunday of April at 0200hrs and advance to Summer Time (UTC/GMT -3
 # hours) on the first Sunday of September at 0200hrs.
 #
 # IMPORTANT NOTE: During 2011, on a trial basis, the Falkland Islands
 # will not revert to local mean time, but clocks will remain on Summer
 # time (UTC/GMT - 3 hours) throughout the whole of 2011.  Any long term
 # change to local time following the trial period will be notified.
 #
 # From Andrew Newman (2012-02-24)
 # A letter from Justin McPhee, Chief Executive,
 # Cable & Wireless Falkland Islands (dated 2012-02-22)
 # states...
 #   The current Atlantic/Stanley entry under South America expects the
 #   clocks to go back to standard Falklands Time (FKT) on the 15th April.
 #   The database entry states that in 2011 Stanley was staying on fixed
 #   summer time on a trial basis only.  FIG need to contact IANA and/or
 #   the maintainers of the database to inform them we're adopting
 #   the same policy this year and suggest recommendations for future years.
 #
 # For now we will assume permanent summer time for the Falklands
 # until advised differently (to apply for 2012 and beyond, after the 2011
 # experiment was apparently successful.)
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Falk	1937	1938	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1938	1942	-	Mar	Sun>=19	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Falk	1939	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1940	1942	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1943	only	-	Jan	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Falk	1983	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1984	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Falk	1984	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1985	2000	-	Sep	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1986	2000	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Stanley	-3:51:24 -	LMT	1890
 			-3:51:24 -	SMT	1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
 			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	1983 May    # Falkland Is Time
 			-3:00	Falk	FK%sT	1985 Sep 15
 			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	2010 Sep  5  2:00
 			-3:00	-	FKST
 
 # French Guiana
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Cayenne	-3:29:20 -	LMT	1911 Jul
 			-4:00	-	GFT	1967 Oct # French Guiana Time
 			-3:00	-	GFT
 
 # Guyana
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar    # Georgetown
 			-3:45	-	GBGT	1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time
 			-3:45	-	GYT	1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time
 			-3:00	-	GYT	1991
 # IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00.  Assume a 1991 switch.
 			-4:00	-	GYT
 
 # Paraguay
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are 01:00 -> 02:00,
 # and autumn transitions are 00:00 -> 23:00.  Go with pre-1999
 # editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
 #
 # From Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo (2013-09-20):
 # No time of the day is established for the adjustment, so people normally
 # adjust their clocks at 0 hour of the given dates.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Para	1975	1988	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1975	1978	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	1979	1991	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	1989	only	-	Oct	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1990	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1991	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1992	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	1992	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1993	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	1993	1995	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1994	1995	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	1996	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 # IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10; ignore this for now.
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-02):
 # I have three independent reports that Paraguay changed to DST this Sunday
 # (10-01).
 #
 # Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
 # Noticias, a daily paper in Asunción, Paraguay (2000-10-01):
 # http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm
 # Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
 # fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power....  The time change
 # system has been operating for several years.  Formerly there was a separate
 # decree each year; the new law has the same effect, but permanently.  Every
 # year, the time will change on the first Sunday of October; likewise, the
 # clock will be set back on the first Sunday of March.
 #
 Rule	Para	1996	2001	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Para	1997	only	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1999-02-28; IATA SSIM (1999-02) says 1999-02-27, but
 # (1999-09) reports no date; go with above sources and Gerd Knops (2001-02-27).
 Rule	Para	1998	2001	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 # From Rives McDow (2002-02-28):
 # A decree was issued in Paraguay (No. 16350) on 2002-02-26 that changed the
 # dst method to be from the first Sunday in September to the first Sunday in
 # April.
 Rule	Para	2002	2004	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	2002	2003	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 #
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
 # There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made
 # a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
 # Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05)
 # From Carlos Raúl Perasso via Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
 # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/decretos/D1867.pdf
 Rule	Para	2004	2009	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	2005	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
 # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2010-02-18):
 # By decree number 3958 issued yesterday
 # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/decreto3958.pdf
 # Paraguay changes its DST schedule, postponing the March rule to April and
 # modifying the October date. The decree reads:
 # ...
 # Art. 1. It is hereby established that from the second Sunday of the month of
 # April of this year (2010), the official time is to be set back 60 minutes,
 # and that on the first Sunday of the month of October, it is to be set
 # forward 60 minutes, in all the territory of the Paraguayan Republic.
 # ...
 Rule	Para	2010	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	2010	2012	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-07):
 # Paraguay will end DST on 2013-03-24 00:00....
 # http://www.ande.gov.py/interna.php?id=1075
 #
 # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2013-03-15):
 # The change in Paraguay is now final.  Decree number 10780
 # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/uploads/pdf/presidencia-3b86ff4b691c79d4f5927ca964922ec74772ce857c02ca054a52a37b49afc7fb.pdf
 # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2014-02-28):
 # Decree 1264 can be found at:
 # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/archivos/documentos/DECRETO1264_ey9r8zai.pdf
 Rule	Para	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890
 			-3:50:40 -	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asunción Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	PYT	1972 Oct    # Paraguay Time
 			-3:00	-	PYT	1974 Apr
 			-4:00	Para	PY%sT
 
 # Peru
 #
 # From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26)
 # :
 # When we were in Peru in 1985-1986, they apparently switched over
 # sometime between December 29 and January 3 while we were on the Amazon.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger don't have this transition.  Assume 1986 was like 1987.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Peru	1938	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1938	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Peru	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1939	1940	-	Mar	Sun>=24	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Peru	1986	1987	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1986	1987	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 # IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Lima	-5:08:12 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:08:36 -	LMT	1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time?
 			-5:00	Peru	PE%sT	# Peru Time
 
 # South Georgia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890 # Grytviken
 			-2:00	-	GST	# South Georgia Time
 
 # South Sandwich Is
 # uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
 
 # Suriname
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Paramaribo	-3:40:40 -	LMT	1911
 			-3:40:52 -	PMT	1935     # Paramaribo Mean Time
 			-3:40:36 -	PMT	1945 Oct    # The capital moved?
 			-3:30	-	NEGT	1975 Nov 20 # Dutch Guiana Time
 			-3:30	-	SRT	1984 Oct    # Suriname Time
 			-3:00	-	SRT
 
 # Trinidad and Tobago
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # These all agree with Trinidad and Tobago since 1970.
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Anguilla
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Antigua
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Dominica
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Grenada
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Guadeloupe
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot	# St Martin (French part)
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Montserrat
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy # St Barthélemy
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts	# St Kitts & Nevis
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Lucia
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas	# Virgin Islands (US)
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Vincent
 Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Tortola	# Virgin Islands (UK)
 
 # Uruguay
 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
 # Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Uruguay	1923	only	-	Oct	 2	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1924	1926	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1924	1925	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1933	1935	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	HS
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 1 0:00 & 1936 Mar 30 0:00; go with Whitman.
 Rule	Uruguay	1934	1936	-	Mar	Sat>=25	23:30s	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1936	only	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1937	1941	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Uruguay	1937	1940	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	HS
 # Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
 # and 1943 Apr 13 "to present time"; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Uruguay	1941	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1943	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	May	24	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	Nov	15	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Jan	17	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Mar	 6	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1965	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1965	only	-	Sep	26	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1966	1967	-	Oct	31	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1968	1970	-	May	27	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1968	1970	-	Dec	 2	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Apr	24	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Aug	15	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Mar	10	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Dec	22	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1976	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1977	only	-	Dec	 4	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1978	only	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1979	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1980	only	-	May	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1987	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Dec	11	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Mar	12	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger say no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
 # and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01.  Go with IATA.
 Rule	Uruguay	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1990	1991	-	Oct	Sun>=21	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1992	only	-	Oct	18	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1993	only	-	Feb	28	 0:00	0	-
 # From Eduardo Cota (2004-09-20):
 # The Uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time....
 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/decretos/2004091502.htm
 Rule	Uruguay	2004	only	-	Sep	19	 0:00	1:00	S
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-03-11):
 # Uruguay's DST was scheduled to end on Sunday, 2005-03-13, but in order to
 # save energy ... it was postponed two weeks....
 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/noticias/2005/03/2005031005.htm
 Rule	Uruguay	2005	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00	0	-
 # From Eduardo Cota (2005-09-27):
 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/decretos/2005/09/CM%20119_09%2009%202005_00001.PDF
 # This means that from 2005-10-09 at 02:00 local time, until 2006-03-12 at
 # 02:00 local time, official time in Uruguay will be at GMT -2.
 Rule	Uruguay	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	2006	only	-	Mar	12	 2:00	0	-
 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_web/decretos/2006/09/CM%20210_08%2006%202006_00001.PDF
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-06-30):
 # ... it looks like they will not be using DST the coming summer:
 # http://www.elobservador.com.uy/gobierno-resolvio-que-no-habra-cambio-horario-verano-n656787
 # http://www.republica.com.uy/este-ano-no-se-modificara-el-huso-horario-en-uruguay/523760/
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-06-30):
 # Apparently restaurateurs complained that DST caused people to go to the beach
 # instead of out to dinner.
 # From Pablo Camargo (2015-07-13):
 # http://archivo.presidencia.gub.uy/sci/decretos/2015/06/cons_min_201.pdf
 # [dated 2015-06-29; repeals Decree 311/006 dated 2006-09-04]
 Rule	Uruguay	2006	2014	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	2007	2015	-	Mar	Sun>=8	 2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:44 -	LMT	1898 Jun 28
 			-3:44:44 -	MMT	1920 May  1 # Montevideo MT
 			-3:30	Uruguay	UY%sT	1942 Dec 14 # Uruguay Time
 			-3:00	Uruguay	UY%sT
 
 # Venezuela
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-28):
 # For the 1965 transition see Gaceta Oficial No. 27.619 (1964-12-15), p 205.533
 # http://www.pgr.gob.ve/dmdocuments/1964/27619.pdf
 #
 # From John Stainforth (2007-11-28):
 # ... the change for Venezuela originally expected for 2007-12-31 has
 # been brought forward to 2007-12-09.  The official announcement was
 # published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la República Bolivariana
 # de Venezuela, número 38.819" (official document for all laws or
 # resolution publication)
 # http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=72208
 
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-04-15):
+# https://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/204758-venezuela-modificar-huso-horario-sequia-elnino
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15):
+# Clocks advance 30 minutes on 2016-05-01 at 02:30....
+# "'Venezuela's new time-zone: hours without light, hours without water,
+# hours of presidential broadcasts, hours of lines,' quipped comedian
+# Jean Mary Curró ...". See: Cawthorne A, Kai D. Venezuela scraps
+# half-hour time difference set by Chavez. Reuters 2016-04-15 14:50 -0400
+# http://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-timezone-idUSKCN0XC2BE
+#
+# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-20):
+# ... published in the official Gazette [2016-04-18], here:
+# http://historico.tsj.gob.ve/gaceta_ext/abril/1842016/E-1842016-4551.pdf
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Caracas	-4:27:44 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:27:40 -	CMT	1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
 			-4:30	-	VET	1965 Jan  1  0:00 # Venezuela T.
 			-4:00	-	VET	2007 Dec  9  3:00
-			-4:30	-	VET
+			-4:30	-	VET	2016 May  1  2:30
+			-4:00	-	VET
Index: stable/9/contrib/tzdata/zone.tab
===================================================================
--- stable/9/contrib/tzdata/zone.tab	(revision 307362)
+++ stable/9/contrib/tzdata/zone.tab	(revision 307363)
@@ -1,441 +1,445 @@
 # tz zone descriptions (deprecated version)
 #
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
 # This file is intended as a backward-compatibility aid for older programs.
 # New programs should use zone1970.tab.  This file is like zone1970.tab (see
 # zone1970.tab's comments), but with the following additional restrictions:
 #
 # 1.  This file contains only ASCII characters.
 # 2.  The first data column contains exactly one country code.
 #
 # Because of (2), each row stands for an area that is the intersection
 # of a region identified by a country code and of a zone where civil
 # clocks have agreed since 1970; this is a narrower definition than
 # that of zone1970.tab.
 #
 # This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
 # zone data entries appropriate for their practical needs.  It is not
 # intended to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
 #
 #country-
 #code	coordinates	TZ			comments
 AD	+4230+00131	Europe/Andorra
 AE	+2518+05518	Asia/Dubai
 AF	+3431+06912	Asia/Kabul
 AG	+1703-06148	America/Antigua
 AI	+1812-06304	America/Anguilla
 AL	+4120+01950	Europe/Tirane
 AM	+4011+04430	Asia/Yerevan
 AO	-0848+01314	Africa/Luanda
-AQ	-7750+16636	Antarctica/McMurdo	McMurdo, South Pole, Scott (New Zealand time)
-AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera Station, Adelaide Island
-AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer Station, Anvers Island
-AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson Station, Holme Bay
-AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
-AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
-AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok Station, Lake Vostok
-AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville Station, Adelie Land
-AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa Station, E Ongul I
-AQ	-720041+0023206	Antarctica/Troll	Troll Station, Queen Maud Land
+AQ	-7750+16636	Antarctica/McMurdo	New Zealand time - McMurdo, South Pole
+AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey
+AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis
+AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville
+AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson
+AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer
+AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera
+AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa
+AQ	-720041+0023206	Antarctica/Troll	Troll
+AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok
 AR	-3436-05827	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
-AR	-3124-06411	America/Argentina/Cordoba	most locations (CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
-AR	-2447-06525	America/Argentina/Salta	(SA, LP, NQ, RN)
+AR	-3124-06411	America/Argentina/Cordoba	Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
+AR	-2447-06525	America/Argentina/Salta	Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
 AR	-2411-06518	America/Argentina/Jujuy	Jujuy (JY)
 AR	-2649-06513	America/Argentina/Tucuman	Tucuman (TM)
-AR	-2828-06547	America/Argentina/Catamarca	Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
+AR	-2828-06547	America/Argentina/Catamarca	Catamarca (CT); Chubut (CH)
 AR	-2926-06651	America/Argentina/La_Rioja	La Rioja (LR)
 AR	-3132-06831	America/Argentina/San_Juan	San Juan (SJ)
 AR	-3253-06849	America/Argentina/Mendoza	Mendoza (MZ)
 AR	-3319-06621	America/Argentina/San_Luis	San Luis (SL)
 AR	-5138-06913	America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos	Santa Cruz (SC)
 AR	-5448-06818	America/Argentina/Ushuaia	Tierra del Fuego (TF)
 AS	-1416-17042	Pacific/Pago_Pago
 AT	+4813+01620	Europe/Vienna
 AU	-3133+15905	Australia/Lord_Howe	Lord Howe Island
 AU	-5430+15857	Antarctica/Macquarie	Macquarie Island
-AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania - most locations
-AU	-3956+14352	Australia/Currie	Tasmania - King Island
+AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania (most areas)
+AU	-3956+14352	Australia/Currie	Tasmania (King Island)
 AU	-3749+14458	Australia/Melbourne	Victoria
-AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales - most locations
-AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales - Yancowinna
-AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland - most locations
-AU	-2016+14900	Australia/Lindeman	Queensland - Holiday Islands
+AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales (most areas)
+AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales (Yancowinna)
+AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland (most areas)
+AU	-2016+14900	Australia/Lindeman	Queensland (Whitsunday Islands)
 AU	-3455+13835	Australia/Adelaide	South Australia
 AU	-1228+13050	Australia/Darwin	Northern Territory
-AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia - most locations
-AU	-3143+12852	Australia/Eucla	Western Australia - Eucla area
+AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia (most areas)
+AU	-3143+12852	Australia/Eucla	Western Australia (Eucla)
 AW	+1230-06958	America/Aruba
 AX	+6006+01957	Europe/Mariehamn
 AZ	+4023+04951	Asia/Baku
 BA	+4352+01825	Europe/Sarajevo
 BB	+1306-05937	America/Barbados
 BD	+2343+09025	Asia/Dhaka
 BE	+5050+00420	Europe/Brussels
 BF	+1222-00131	Africa/Ouagadougou
 BG	+4241+02319	Europe/Sofia
 BH	+2623+05035	Asia/Bahrain
 BI	-0323+02922	Africa/Bujumbura
 BJ	+0629+00237	Africa/Porto-Novo
 BL	+1753-06251	America/St_Barthelemy
 BM	+3217-06446	Atlantic/Bermuda
 BN	+0456+11455	Asia/Brunei
 BO	-1630-06809	America/La_Paz
 BQ	+120903-0681636	America/Kralendijk
 BR	-0351-03225	America/Noronha	Atlantic islands
-BR	-0127-04829	America/Belem	Amapa, E Para
-BR	-0343-03830	America/Fortaleza	NE Brazil (MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
+BR	-0127-04829	America/Belem	Para (east); Amapa
+BR	-0343-03830	America/Fortaleza	Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
 BR	-0803-03454	America/Recife	Pernambuco
 BR	-0712-04812	America/Araguaina	Tocantins
 BR	-0940-03543	America/Maceio	Alagoas, Sergipe
 BR	-1259-03831	America/Bahia	Bahia
-BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	S & SE Brazil (GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
+BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	Brazil (southeast: GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
 BR	-2027-05437	America/Campo_Grande	Mato Grosso do Sul
 BR	-1535-05605	America/Cuiaba	Mato Grosso
-BR	-0226-05452	America/Santarem	W Para
+BR	-0226-05452	America/Santarem	Para (west)
 BR	-0846-06354	America/Porto_Velho	Rondonia
 BR	+0249-06040	America/Boa_Vista	Roraima
-BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	E Amazonas
-BR	-0640-06952	America/Eirunepe	W Amazonas
+BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	Amazonas (east)
+BR	-0640-06952	America/Eirunepe	Amazonas (west)
 BR	-0958-06748	America/Rio_Branco	Acre
 BS	+2505-07721	America/Nassau
 BT	+2728+08939	Asia/Thimphu
 BW	-2439+02555	Africa/Gaborone
 BY	+5354+02734	Europe/Minsk
 BZ	+1730-08812	America/Belize
-CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland Time, including SE Labrador
-CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (peninsula), PEI
-CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (Cape Breton)
-CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic Time - New Brunswick
-CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic Time - Labrador - most locations
-CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	Atlantic Standard Time - Quebec - Lower North Shore
-CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations
-CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
-CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
-CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern Time - east Nunavut - most locations
-CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
-CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central Time - Resolute, Nunavut
-CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	Eastern Standard Time - Atikokan, Ontario and Southampton I, Nunavut
-CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central Time - central Nunavut
-CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
-CA	+4843-09434	America/Rainy_River	Central Time - Rainy River & Fort Frances, Ontario
-CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - most locations
-CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - midwest
-CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain Time - Alberta, east British Columbia & west Saskatchewan
-CA	+690650-1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain Time - west Nunavut
-CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain Time - central Northwest Territories
-CA	+682059-1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain Time - west Northwest Territories
-CA	+4906-11631	America/Creston	Mountain Standard Time - Creston, British Columbia
-CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	Mountain Standard Time - Dawson Creek & Fort Saint John, British Columbia
-CA	+5848-12242	America/Fort_Nelson	Mountain Standard Time - Fort Nelson, British Columbia
-CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific Time - west British Columbia
-CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	Pacific Time - south Yukon
-CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	Pacific Time - north Yukon
+CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland; Labrador (southeast)
+CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic - NS (most areas); PE
+CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton)
+CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic - New Brunswick
+CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic - Labrador (most areas)
+CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	AST - QC (Lower North Shore)
+CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern - ON, QC (most areas)
+CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern - ON, QC (no DST 1967-73)
+CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern - ON (Thunder Bay)
+CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern - NU (most east areas)
+CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern - NU (Pangnirtung)
+CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H)
+CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central - ON (west); Manitoba
+CA	+4843-09434	America/Rainy_River	Central - ON (Rainy R, Ft Frances)
+CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central - NU (Resolute)
+CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central - NU (central)
+CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	CST - SK (most areas)
+CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	CST - SK (midwest)
+CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain - AB; BC (E); SK (W)
+CA	+690650-1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain - NU (west)
+CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain - NT (central)
+CA	+682059-1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain - NT (west)
+CA	+4906-11631	America/Creston	MST - BC (Creston)
+CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
+CA	+5848-12242	America/Fort_Nelson	MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
+CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific - BC (most areas)
+CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	Pacific - Yukon (south)
+CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	Pacific - Yukon (north)
 CC	-1210+09655	Indian/Cocos
-CD	-0418+01518	Africa/Kinshasa	west Dem. Rep. of Congo
-CD	-1140+02728	Africa/Lubumbashi	east Dem. Rep. of Congo
+CD	-0418+01518	Africa/Kinshasa	Dem. Rep. of Congo (west)
+CD	-1140+02728	Africa/Lubumbashi	Dem. Rep. of Congo (east)
 CF	+0422+01835	Africa/Bangui
 CG	-0416+01517	Africa/Brazzaville
 CH	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich
 CI	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
 CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
-CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	most locations
+CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	Chile (most areas)
 CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
 CM	+0403+00942	Africa/Douala
 CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	Beijing Time
 CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	Xinjiang Time
 CO	+0436-07405	America/Bogota
 CR	+0956-08405	America/Costa_Rica
 CU	+2308-08222	America/Havana
 CV	+1455-02331	Atlantic/Cape_Verde
 CW	+1211-06900	America/Curacao
 CX	-1025+10543	Indian/Christmas
 CY	+3510+03322	Asia/Nicosia
 CZ	+5005+01426	Europe/Prague
-DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin	most locations
+DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin	Germany (most areas)
 DE	+4742+00841	Europe/Busingen	Busingen
 DJ	+1136+04309	Africa/Djibouti
 DK	+5540+01235	Europe/Copenhagen
 DM	+1518-06124	America/Dominica
 DO	+1828-06954	America/Santo_Domingo
 DZ	+3647+00303	Africa/Algiers
-EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	mainland
+EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	Ecuador (mainland)
 EC	-0054-08936	Pacific/Galapagos	Galapagos Islands
 EE	+5925+02445	Europe/Tallinn
 EG	+3003+03115	Africa/Cairo
 EH	+2709-01312	Africa/El_Aaiun
 ER	+1520+03853	Africa/Asmara
-ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	mainland
-ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta & Melilla
+ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	Spain (mainland)
+ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta, Melilla
 ES	+2806-01524	Atlantic/Canary	Canary Islands
 ET	+0902+03842	Africa/Addis_Ababa
 FI	+6010+02458	Europe/Helsinki
 FJ	-1808+17825	Pacific/Fiji
 FK	-5142-05751	Atlantic/Stanley
-FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Chuuk	Chuuk (Truk) and Yap
-FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Pohnpei	Pohnpei (Ponape)
+FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Chuuk	Chuuk/Truk, Yap
+FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Pohnpei	Pohnpei/Ponape
 FM	+0519+16259	Pacific/Kosrae	Kosrae
 FO	+6201-00646	Atlantic/Faroe
 FR	+4852+00220	Europe/Paris
 GA	+0023+00927	Africa/Libreville
 GB	+513030-0000731	Europe/London
 GD	+1203-06145	America/Grenada
 GE	+4143+04449	Asia/Tbilisi
 GF	+0456-05220	America/Cayenne
 GG	+4927-00232	Europe/Guernsey
 GH	+0533-00013	Africa/Accra
 GI	+3608-00521	Europe/Gibraltar
-GL	+6411-05144	America/Godthab	most locations
-GL	+7646-01840	America/Danmarkshavn	east coast, north of Scoresbysund
-GL	+7029-02158	America/Scoresbysund	Scoresbysund / Ittoqqortoormiit
-GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	Thule / Pituffik
+GL	+6411-05144	America/Godthab	Greenland (most areas)
+GL	+7646-01840	America/Danmarkshavn	National Park (east coast)
+GL	+7029-02158	America/Scoresbysund	Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit
+GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	Thule/Pituffik
 GM	+1328-01639	Africa/Banjul
 GN	+0931-01343	Africa/Conakry
 GP	+1614-06132	America/Guadeloupe
 GQ	+0345+00847	Africa/Malabo
 GR	+3758+02343	Europe/Athens
 GS	-5416-03632	Atlantic/South_Georgia
 GT	+1438-09031	America/Guatemala
 GU	+1328+14445	Pacific/Guam
 GW	+1151-01535	Africa/Bissau
 GY	+0648-05810	America/Guyana
 HK	+2217+11409	Asia/Hong_Kong
 HN	+1406-08713	America/Tegucigalpa
 HR	+4548+01558	Europe/Zagreb
 HT	+1832-07220	America/Port-au-Prince
 HU	+4730+01905	Europe/Budapest
-ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java & Sumatra
-ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	west & central Borneo
-ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Makassar	east & south Borneo, Sulawesi (Celebes), Bali, Nusa Tengarra, west Timor
-ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	west New Guinea (Irian Jaya) & Malukus (Moluccas)
+ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java, Sumatra
+ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	Borneo (west, central)
+ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Makassar	Borneo (east, south); Sulawesi/Celebes, Bali, Nusa Tengarra; Timor (west)
+ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	New Guinea (West Papua / Irian Jaya); Malukus/Moluccas
 IE	+5320-00615	Europe/Dublin
 IL	+314650+0351326	Asia/Jerusalem
 IM	+5409-00428	Europe/Isle_of_Man
 IN	+2232+08822	Asia/Kolkata
 IO	-0720+07225	Indian/Chagos
 IQ	+3321+04425	Asia/Baghdad
 IR	+3540+05126	Asia/Tehran
 IS	+6409-02151	Atlantic/Reykjavik
 IT	+4154+01229	Europe/Rome
 JE	+4912-00207	Europe/Jersey
 JM	+175805-0764736	America/Jamaica
 JO	+3157+03556	Asia/Amman
 JP	+353916+1394441	Asia/Tokyo
 KE	-0117+03649	Africa/Nairobi
 KG	+4254+07436	Asia/Bishkek
 KH	+1133+10455	Asia/Phnom_Penh
 KI	+0125+17300	Pacific/Tarawa	Gilbert Islands
 KI	-0308-17105	Pacific/Enderbury	Phoenix Islands
 KI	+0152-15720	Pacific/Kiritimati	Line Islands
 KM	-1141+04316	Indian/Comoro
 KN	+1718-06243	America/St_Kitts
 KP	+3901+12545	Asia/Pyongyang
 KR	+3733+12658	Asia/Seoul
 KW	+2920+04759	Asia/Kuwait
 KY	+1918-08123	America/Cayman
-KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	most locations
-KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda (Kyzylorda, Kzyl-Orda)
-KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtobe (Aktobe)
-KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Atyrau (Atirau, Gur'yev), Mangghystau (Mankistau)
+KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	Kazakhstan (most areas)
+KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda/Kyzylorda/Kzyl-Orda
+KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtobe/Aktobe
+KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Atyrau/Atirau/Gur'yev, Mangghystau/Mankistau
 KZ	+5113+05121	Asia/Oral	West Kazakhstan
 LA	+1758+10236	Asia/Vientiane
 LB	+3353+03530	Asia/Beirut
 LC	+1401-06100	America/St_Lucia
 LI	+4709+00931	Europe/Vaduz
 LK	+0656+07951	Asia/Colombo
 LR	+0618-01047	Africa/Monrovia
 LS	-2928+02730	Africa/Maseru
 LT	+5441+02519	Europe/Vilnius
 LU	+4936+00609	Europe/Luxembourg
 LV	+5657+02406	Europe/Riga
 LY	+3254+01311	Africa/Tripoli
 MA	+3339-00735	Africa/Casablanca
 MC	+4342+00723	Europe/Monaco
 MD	+4700+02850	Europe/Chisinau
 ME	+4226+01916	Europe/Podgorica
 MF	+1804-06305	America/Marigot
 MG	-1855+04731	Indian/Antananarivo
-MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	most locations
+MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	Marshall Islands (most areas)
 MH	+0905+16720	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
 MK	+4159+02126	Europe/Skopje
 ML	+1239-00800	Africa/Bamako
-MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Rangoon
-MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	most locations
+MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Yangon
+MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Mongolia (most areas)
 MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Olgiy, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
 MN	+4804+11430	Asia/Choibalsan	Dornod, Sukhbaatar
 MO	+2214+11335	Asia/Macau
 MP	+1512+14545	Pacific/Saipan
 MQ	+1436-06105	America/Martinique
 MR	+1806-01557	Africa/Nouakchott
 MS	+1643-06213	America/Montserrat
 MT	+3554+01431	Europe/Malta
 MU	-2010+05730	Indian/Mauritius
 MV	+0410+07330	Indian/Maldives
 MW	-1547+03500	Africa/Blantyre
-MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time - most locations
+MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time
 MX	+2105-08646	America/Cancun	Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo
 MX	+2058-08937	America/Merida	Central Time - Campeche, Yucatan
-MX	+2540-10019	America/Monterrey	Mexican Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas away from US border
-MX	+2550-09730	America/Matamoros	US Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas near US border
-MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - S Baja, Nayarit, Sinaloa
-MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mexican Mountain Time - Chihuahua away from US border
-MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	US Mountain Time - Chihuahua near US border
+MX	+2540-10019	America/Monterrey	Central Time - Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (most areas)
+MX	+2550-09730	America/Matamoros	Central Time US - Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (US border)
+MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
+MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mountain Time - Chihuahua (most areas)
+MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	Mountain Time US - Chihuahua (US border)
 MX	+2904-11058	America/Hermosillo	Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
-MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	US Pacific Time - Baja California near US border
-MX	+3018-11452	America/Santa_Isabel	Mexican Pacific Time - Baja California away from US border
-MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Mexican Central Time - Bahia de Banderas
-MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	peninsular Malaysia
-MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah & Sarawak
+MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	Pacific Time US - Baja California
+MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Central Time - Bahia de Banderas
+MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	Malaysia (peninsula)
+MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah, Sarawak
 MZ	-2558+03235	Africa/Maputo
 NA	-2234+01706	Africa/Windhoek
 NC	-2216+16627	Pacific/Noumea
 NE	+1331+00207	Africa/Niamey
 NF	-2903+16758	Pacific/Norfolk
 NG	+0627+00324	Africa/Lagos
 NI	+1209-08617	America/Managua
 NL	+5222+00454	Europe/Amsterdam
 NO	+5955+01045	Europe/Oslo
 NP	+2743+08519	Asia/Kathmandu
 NR	-0031+16655	Pacific/Nauru
 NU	-1901-16955	Pacific/Niue
-NZ	-3652+17446	Pacific/Auckland	most locations
+NZ	-3652+17446	Pacific/Auckland	New Zealand (most areas)
 NZ	-4357-17633	Pacific/Chatham	Chatham Islands
 OM	+2336+05835	Asia/Muscat
 PA	+0858-07932	America/Panama
 PE	-1203-07703	America/Lima
 PF	-1732-14934	Pacific/Tahiti	Society Islands
 PF	-0900-13930	Pacific/Marquesas	Marquesas Islands
 PF	-2308-13457	Pacific/Gambier	Gambier Islands
-PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby	most locations
+PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Papua New Guinea (most areas)
 PG	-0613+15534	Pacific/Bougainville	Bougainville
 PH	+1435+12100	Asia/Manila
 PK	+2452+06703	Asia/Karachi
 PL	+5215+02100	Europe/Warsaw
 PM	+4703-05620	America/Miquelon
 PN	-2504-13005	Pacific/Pitcairn
 PR	+182806-0660622	America/Puerto_Rico
 PS	+3130+03428	Asia/Gaza	Gaza Strip
 PS	+313200+0350542	Asia/Hebron	West Bank
-PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	mainland
+PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	Portugal (mainland)
 PT	+3238-01654	Atlantic/Madeira	Madeira Islands
 PT	+3744-02540	Atlantic/Azores	Azores
 PW	+0720+13429	Pacific/Palau
 PY	-2516-05740	America/Asuncion
 QA	+2517+05132	Asia/Qatar
 RE	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion
 RO	+4426+02606	Europe/Bucharest
 RS	+4450+02030	Europe/Belgrade
-RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad
-RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	Moscow+00 - west Russia
-RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	Moscow+00 - Crimea
-RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
-RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	Moscow+00 (Moscow+01 after 2014-10-26) - Samara, Udmurtia
-RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	Moscow+02 - Urals
-RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	Moscow+03 - west Siberia
-RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk
-RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	Moscow+03 (Moscow+04 after 2014-10-26) - Kemerovo
-RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
-RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal
-RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	Moscow+06 (Moscow+05 after 2014-10-26) - Zabaykalsky
-RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	Moscow+06 - Lena River
-RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	Moscow+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
-RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	Moscow+07 - Amur River
-RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island
-RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	Moscow+07 - Oymyakonsky
-RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	Moscow+08 (Moscow+07 after 2014-10-26) - Magadan
-RU	+6728+15343	Asia/Srednekolymsk	Moscow+08 - E Sakha, N Kuril Is
-RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Kamchatka
-RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Bering Sea
+RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
+RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	MSK+00 - Moscow area
+RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	MSK+00 - Crimea
+RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	MSK+00 - Volgograd, Saratov
+RU	+5836+04939	Europe/Kirov	MSK+00 - Kirov
+RU	+4621+04803	Europe/Astrakhan	MSK+01 - Astrakhan
+RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	MSK+01 - Samara, Udmurtia
+RU	+5420+04824	Europe/Ulyanovsk	MSK+01 - Ulyanovsk
+RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	MSK+02 - Urals
+RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	MSK+03 - Omsk
+RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	MSK+03 - Novosibirsk
+RU	+5322+08345	Asia/Barnaul	MSK+04 - Altai
+RU	+5630+08458	Asia/Tomsk	MSK+04 - Tomsk
+RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	MSK+04 - Kemerovo
+RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	MSK+04 - Krasnoyarsk area
+RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	MSK+05 - Irkutsk, Buryatia
+RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	MSK+06 - Zabaykalsky
+RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	MSK+06 - Lena River
+RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	MSK+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
+RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	MSK+07 - Amur River
+RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	MSK+07 - Oymyakonsky
+RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	MSK+08 - Magadan
+RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	MSK+08 - Sakhalin Island
+RU	+6728+15343	Asia/Srednekolymsk	MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is
+RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	MSK+09 - Kamchatka
+RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	MSK+09 - Bering Sea
 RW	-0157+03004	Africa/Kigali
 SA	+2438+04643	Asia/Riyadh
 SB	-0932+16012	Pacific/Guadalcanal
 SC	-0440+05528	Indian/Mahe
 SD	+1536+03232	Africa/Khartoum
 SE	+5920+01803	Europe/Stockholm
 SG	+0117+10351	Asia/Singapore
 SH	-1555-00542	Atlantic/St_Helena
 SI	+4603+01431	Europe/Ljubljana
 SJ	+7800+01600	Arctic/Longyearbyen
 SK	+4809+01707	Europe/Bratislava
 SL	+0830-01315	Africa/Freetown
 SM	+4355+01228	Europe/San_Marino
 SN	+1440-01726	Africa/Dakar
 SO	+0204+04522	Africa/Mogadishu
 SR	+0550-05510	America/Paramaribo
 SS	+0451+03136	Africa/Juba
 ST	+0020+00644	Africa/Sao_Tome
 SV	+1342-08912	America/El_Salvador
 SX	+180305-0630250	America/Lower_Princes
 SY	+3330+03618	Asia/Damascus
 SZ	-2618+03106	Africa/Mbabane
 TC	+2128-07108	America/Grand_Turk
 TD	+1207+01503	Africa/Ndjamena
 TF	-492110+0701303	Indian/Kerguelen
 TG	+0608+00113	Africa/Lome
 TH	+1345+10031	Asia/Bangkok
 TJ	+3835+06848	Asia/Dushanbe
 TK	-0922-17114	Pacific/Fakaofo
 TL	-0833+12535	Asia/Dili
 TM	+3757+05823	Asia/Ashgabat
 TN	+3648+01011	Africa/Tunis
 TO	-2110-17510	Pacific/Tongatapu
 TR	+4101+02858	Europe/Istanbul
 TT	+1039-06131	America/Port_of_Spain
 TV	-0831+17913	Pacific/Funafuti
 TW	+2503+12130	Asia/Taipei
 TZ	-0648+03917	Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
-UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	most locations
+UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	Ukraine (most areas)
 UA	+4837+02218	Europe/Uzhgorod	Ruthenia
-UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye, E Lugansk / Zaporizhia, E Luhansk
+UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye/Zaporizhia; Lugansk/Luhansk (east)
 UG	+0019+03225	Africa/Kampala
 UM	+1645-16931	Pacific/Johnston	Johnston Atoll
 UM	+2813-17722	Pacific/Midway	Midway Islands
 UM	+1917+16637	Pacific/Wake	Wake Island
-US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern Time
-US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern Time - Michigan - most locations
-US	+381515-0854534	America/Kentucky/Louisville	Eastern Time - Kentucky - Louisville area
-US	+364947-0845057	America/Kentucky/Monticello	Eastern Time - Kentucky - Wayne County
-US	+394606-0860929	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	Eastern Time - Indiana - most locations
-US	+384038-0873143	America/Indiana/Vincennes	Eastern Time - Indiana - Daviess, Dubois, Knox & Martin Counties
-US	+410305-0863611	America/Indiana/Winamac	Eastern Time - Indiana - Pulaski County
-US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern Time - Indiana - Crawford County
-US	+382931-0871643	America/Indiana/Petersburg	Eastern Time - Indiana - Pike County
-US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern Time - Indiana - Switzerland County
-US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central Time
-US	+375711-0864541	America/Indiana/Tell_City	Central Time - Indiana - Perry County
-US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Central Time - Indiana - Starke County
-US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central Time - Michigan - Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron & Menominee Counties
-US	+470659-1011757	America/North_Dakota/Center	Central Time - North Dakota - Oliver County
-US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central Time - North Dakota - Morton County (except Mandan area)
-US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central Time - North Dakota - Mercer County
-US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain Time
-US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
-US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	Mountain Standard Time - Arizona (except Navajo)
-US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific Time
-US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Pacific Standard Time - Annette Island, Alaska
-US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska Time
-US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
-US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska Time - southeast Alaska panhandle
-US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck
-US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska Time - west Alaska
+US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern (most areas)
+US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern - MI (most areas)
+US	+381515-0854534	America/Kentucky/Louisville	Eastern - KY (Louisville area)
+US	+364947-0845057	America/Kentucky/Monticello	Eastern - KY (Wayne)
+US	+394606-0860929	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	Eastern - IN (most areas)
+US	+384038-0873143	America/Indiana/Vincennes	Eastern - IN (Da, Du, K, Mn)
+US	+410305-0863611	America/Indiana/Winamac	Eastern - IN (Pulaski)
+US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern - IN (Crawford)
+US	+382931-0871643	America/Indiana/Petersburg	Eastern - IN (Pike)
+US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern - IN (Switzerland)
+US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central (most areas)
+US	+375711-0864541	America/Indiana/Tell_City	Central - IN (Perry)
+US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Central - IN (Starke)
+US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central - MI (Wisconsin border)
+US	+470659-1011757	America/North_Dakota/Center	Central - ND (Oliver)
+US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central - ND (Morton rural)
+US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central - ND (Mercer)
+US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain (most areas)
+US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain - ID (south); OR (east)
+US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	MST - Arizona (except Navajo)
+US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific
+US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska (most areas)
+US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska - Juneau area
+US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska - Sitka area
+US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Alaska - Annette Island
+US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska - Yakutat
+US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska (west)
 US	+515248-1763929	America/Adak	Aleutian Islands
 US	+211825-1575130	Pacific/Honolulu	Hawaii
 UY	-3453-05611	America/Montevideo
-UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	west Uzbekistan
-UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent	east Uzbekistan
+UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	Uzbekistan (west)
+UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent	Uzbekistan (east)
 VA	+415408+0122711	Europe/Vatican
 VC	+1309-06114	America/St_Vincent
 VE	+1030-06656	America/Caracas
 VG	+1827-06437	America/Tortola
 VI	+1821-06456	America/St_Thomas
 VN	+1045+10640	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh
 VU	-1740+16825	Pacific/Efate
 WF	-1318-17610	Pacific/Wallis
 WS	-1350-17144	Pacific/Apia
 YE	+1245+04512	Asia/Aden
 YT	-1247+04514	Indian/Mayotte
 ZA	-2615+02800	Africa/Johannesburg
 ZM	-1525+02817	Africa/Lusaka
 ZW	-1750+03103	Africa/Harare
Index: stable/9/contrib/tzdata/zone1970.tab
===================================================================
--- stable/9/contrib/tzdata/zone1970.tab	(revision 307362)
+++ stable/9/contrib/tzdata/zone1970.tab	(revision 307363)
@@ -1,374 +1,377 @@
 # tz zone descriptions
 #
 # This file is in the public domain.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
 # This file contains a table where each row stands for a zone where
 # civil time stamps have agreed since 1970.  Columns are separated by
 # a single tab.  Lines beginning with '#' are comments.  All text uses
 # UTF-8 encoding.  The columns of the table are as follows:
 #
 # 1.  The countries that overlap the zone, as a comma-separated list
 #     of ISO 3166 2-character country codes.
 #     See the file '/usr/share/misc/iso3166'.
 # 2.  Latitude and longitude of the zone's principal location
 #     in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format,
 #     either +-DDMM+-DDDMM or +-DDMMSS+-DDDMMSS,
 #     first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
 # 3.  Zone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
 #     Please see the 'Theory' file for how zone names are chosen.
 #     If multiple zones overlap a country, each has a row in the
 #     table, with each column 1 containing the country code.
 # 4.  Comments; present if and only if a country has multiple zones.
 #
 # If a zone covers multiple countries, the most-populous city is used,
 # and that country is listed first in column 1; any other countries
 # are listed alphabetically by country code.  The table is sorted
 # first by country code, then (if possible) by an order within the
 # country that (1) makes some geographical sense, and (2) puts the
 # most populous zones first, where that does not contradict (1).
 #
 # This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
 # zone data entries appropriate for their practical needs.  It is not
 # intended to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
 #
 #country-
 #codes	coordinates	TZ	comments
 AD	+4230+00131	Europe/Andorra
 AE,OM	+2518+05518	Asia/Dubai
 AF	+3431+06912	Asia/Kabul
 AL	+4120+01950	Europe/Tirane
 AM	+4011+04430	Asia/Yerevan
-AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera Station, Adelaide Island
-AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer Station, Anvers Island
-AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson Station, Holme Bay
-AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
-AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
-AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok Station, Lake Vostok
-AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville Station, Adélie Land
-AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa Station, E Ongul I
-AQ	-720041+0023206	Antarctica/Troll	Troll Station, Queen Maud Land
+AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey
+AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis
+AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville
+AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson
+AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer
+AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera
+AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa
+AQ	-720041+0023206	Antarctica/Troll	Troll
+AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok
 AR	-3436-05827	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
-AR	-3124-06411	America/Argentina/Cordoba	most locations (CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
-AR	-2447-06525	America/Argentina/Salta	(SA, LP, NQ, RN)
+AR	-3124-06411	America/Argentina/Cordoba	Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
+AR	-2447-06525	America/Argentina/Salta	Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
 AR	-2411-06518	America/Argentina/Jujuy	Jujuy (JY)
 AR	-2649-06513	America/Argentina/Tucuman	Tucumán (TM)
-AR	-2828-06547	America/Argentina/Catamarca	Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
+AR	-2828-06547	America/Argentina/Catamarca	Catamarca (CT); Chubut (CH)
 AR	-2926-06651	America/Argentina/La_Rioja	La Rioja (LR)
 AR	-3132-06831	America/Argentina/San_Juan	San Juan (SJ)
 AR	-3253-06849	America/Argentina/Mendoza	Mendoza (MZ)
 AR	-3319-06621	America/Argentina/San_Luis	San Luis (SL)
 AR	-5138-06913	America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos	Santa Cruz (SC)
 AR	-5448-06818	America/Argentina/Ushuaia	Tierra del Fuego (TF)
 AS,UM	-1416-17042	Pacific/Pago_Pago	Samoa, Midway
 AT	+4813+01620	Europe/Vienna
 AU	-3133+15905	Australia/Lord_Howe	Lord Howe Island
 AU	-5430+15857	Antarctica/Macquarie	Macquarie Island
-AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania - most locations
-AU	-3956+14352	Australia/Currie	Tasmania - King Island
+AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania (most areas)
+AU	-3956+14352	Australia/Currie	Tasmania (King Island)
 AU	-3749+14458	Australia/Melbourne	Victoria
-AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales - most locations
-AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales - Yancowinna
-AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland - most locations
-AU	-2016+14900	Australia/Lindeman	Queensland - Holiday Islands
+AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales (most areas)
+AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales (Yancowinna)
+AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland (most areas)
+AU	-2016+14900	Australia/Lindeman	Queensland (Whitsunday Islands)
 AU	-3455+13835	Australia/Adelaide	South Australia
 AU	-1228+13050	Australia/Darwin	Northern Territory
-AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia - most locations
-AU	-3143+12852	Australia/Eucla	Western Australia - Eucla area
+AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia (most areas)
+AU	-3143+12852	Australia/Eucla	Western Australia (Eucla)
 AZ	+4023+04951	Asia/Baku
 BB	+1306-05937	America/Barbados
 BD	+2343+09025	Asia/Dhaka
 BE	+5050+00420	Europe/Brussels
 BG	+4241+02319	Europe/Sofia
 BM	+3217-06446	Atlantic/Bermuda
 BN	+0456+11455	Asia/Brunei
 BO	-1630-06809	America/La_Paz
 BR	-0351-03225	America/Noronha	Atlantic islands
-BR	-0127-04829	America/Belem	Amapá, E Pará
-BR	-0343-03830	America/Fortaleza	NE Brazil (MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
+BR	-0127-04829	America/Belem	Pará (east); Amapá
+BR	-0343-03830	America/Fortaleza	Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
 BR	-0803-03454	America/Recife	Pernambuco
 BR	-0712-04812	America/Araguaina	Tocantins
 BR	-0940-03543	America/Maceio	Alagoas, Sergipe
 BR	-1259-03831	America/Bahia	Bahia
-BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	S & SE Brazil (GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
+BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	Brazil (southeast: GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
 BR	-2027-05437	America/Campo_Grande	Mato Grosso do Sul
 BR	-1535-05605	America/Cuiaba	Mato Grosso
-BR	-0226-05452	America/Santarem	W Pará
+BR	-0226-05452	America/Santarem	Pará (west)
 BR	-0846-06354	America/Porto_Velho	Rondônia
 BR	+0249-06040	America/Boa_Vista	Roraima
-BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	E Amazonas
-BR	-0640-06952	America/Eirunepe	W Amazonas
+BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	Amazonas (east)
+BR	-0640-06952	America/Eirunepe	Amazonas (west)
 BR	-0958-06748	America/Rio_Branco	Acre
 BS	+2505-07721	America/Nassau
 BT	+2728+08939	Asia/Thimphu
 BY	+5354+02734	Europe/Minsk
 BZ	+1730-08812	America/Belize
-CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland Time, including SE Labrador
-CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (peninsula), PEI
-CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (Cape Breton)
-CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic Time - New Brunswick
-CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic Time - Labrador - most locations
-CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	Atlantic Standard Time - Quebec - Lower North Shore
-CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations
-CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
-CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
-CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern Time - east Nunavut - most locations
-CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
-CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central Time - Resolute, Nunavut
-CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	Eastern Standard Time - Atikokan, Ontario and Southampton I, Nunavut
-CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central Time - central Nunavut
-CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
-CA	+4843-09434	America/Rainy_River	Central Time - Rainy River & Fort Frances, Ontario
-CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - most locations
-CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - midwest
-CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain Time - Alberta, east British Columbia & west Saskatchewan
-CA	+690650-1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain Time - west Nunavut
-CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain Time - central Northwest Territories
-CA	+682059-1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain Time - west Northwest Territories
-CA	+4906-11631	America/Creston	Mountain Standard Time - Creston, British Columbia
-CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	Mountain Standard Time - Dawson Creek & Fort Saint John, British Columbia
-CA	+5848-12242	America/Fort_Nelson	Mountain Standard Time - Fort Nelson, British Columbia
-CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific Time - west British Columbia
-CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	Pacific Time - south Yukon
-CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	Pacific Time - north Yukon
+CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland; Labrador (southeast)
+CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic - NS (most areas); PE
+CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton)
+CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic - New Brunswick
+CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic - Labrador (most areas)
+CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	AST - QC (Lower North Shore)
+CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern - ON, QC (most areas)
+CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern - ON, QC (no DST 1967-73)
+CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern - ON (Thunder Bay)
+CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern - NU (most east areas)
+CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern - NU (Pangnirtung)
+CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H)
+CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central - ON (west); Manitoba
+CA	+4843-09434	America/Rainy_River	Central - ON (Rainy R, Ft Frances)
+CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central - NU (Resolute)
+CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central - NU (central)
+CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	CST - SK (most areas)
+CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	CST - SK (midwest)
+CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain - AB; BC (E); SK (W)
+CA	+690650-1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain - NU (west)
+CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain - NT (central)
+CA	+682059-1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain - NT (west)
+CA	+4906-11631	America/Creston	MST - BC (Creston)
+CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
+CA	+5848-12242	America/Fort_Nelson	MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
+CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific - BC (most areas)
+CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	Pacific - Yukon (south)
+CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	Pacific - Yukon (north)
 CC	-1210+09655	Indian/Cocos
 CH,DE,LI	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich	Swiss time
 CI,BF,GM,GN,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,ST,TG	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
 CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
-CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	most locations
+CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	Chile (most areas)
 CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
 CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	Beijing Time
 CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	Xinjiang Time
 CO	+0436-07405	America/Bogota
 CR	+0956-08405	America/Costa_Rica
 CU	+2308-08222	America/Havana
 CV	+1455-02331	Atlantic/Cape_Verde
 CW,AW,BQ,SX	+1211-06900	America/Curacao
 CX	-1025+10543	Indian/Christmas
 CY	+3510+03322	Asia/Nicosia
 CZ,SK	+5005+01426	Europe/Prague
-DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin	Berlin time
+DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin	Germany (most areas)
 DK	+5540+01235	Europe/Copenhagen
 DO	+1828-06954	America/Santo_Domingo
 DZ	+3647+00303	Africa/Algiers
-EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	mainland
+EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	Ecuador (mainland)
 EC	-0054-08936	Pacific/Galapagos	Galápagos Islands
 EE	+5925+02445	Europe/Tallinn
 EG	+3003+03115	Africa/Cairo
 EH	+2709-01312	Africa/El_Aaiun
-ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	mainland
-ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta & Melilla
+ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	Spain (mainland)
+ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta, Melilla
 ES	+2806-01524	Atlantic/Canary	Canary Islands
 FI,AX	+6010+02458	Europe/Helsinki
 FJ	-1808+17825	Pacific/Fiji
 FK	-5142-05751	Atlantic/Stanley
-FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Chuuk	Chuuk (Truk) and Yap
-FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Pohnpei	Pohnpei (Ponape)
+FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Chuuk	Chuuk/Truk, Yap
+FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Pohnpei	Pohnpei/Ponape
 FM	+0519+16259	Pacific/Kosrae	Kosrae
 FO	+6201-00646	Atlantic/Faroe
 FR	+4852+00220	Europe/Paris
 GB,GG,IM,JE	+513030-0000731	Europe/London
 GE	+4143+04449	Asia/Tbilisi
 GF	+0456-05220	America/Cayenne
 GH	+0533-00013	Africa/Accra
 GI	+3608-00521	Europe/Gibraltar
-GL	+6411-05144	America/Godthab	most locations
-GL	+7646-01840	America/Danmarkshavn	east coast, north of Scoresbysund
-GL	+7029-02158	America/Scoresbysund	Scoresbysund / Ittoqqortoormiit
-GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	Thule / Pituffik
+GL	+6411-05144	America/Godthab	Greenland (most areas)
+GL	+7646-01840	America/Danmarkshavn	National Park (east coast)
+GL	+7029-02158	America/Scoresbysund	Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit
+GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	Thule/Pituffik
 GR	+3758+02343	Europe/Athens
 GS	-5416-03632	Atlantic/South_Georgia
 GT	+1438-09031	America/Guatemala
 GU,MP	+1328+14445	Pacific/Guam
 GW	+1151-01535	Africa/Bissau
 GY	+0648-05810	America/Guyana
 HK	+2217+11409	Asia/Hong_Kong
 HN	+1406-08713	America/Tegucigalpa
 HT	+1832-07220	America/Port-au-Prince
 HU	+4730+01905	Europe/Budapest
-ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java & Sumatra
-ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	west & central Borneo
-ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Makassar	east & south Borneo, Sulawesi (Celebes), Bali, Nusa Tengarra, west Timor
-ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	west New Guinea (Irian Jaya) & Malukus (Moluccas)
+ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java, Sumatra
+ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	Borneo (west, central)
+ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Makassar	Borneo (east, south); Sulawesi/Celebes, Bali, Nusa Tengarra; Timor (west)
+ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	New Guinea (West Papua / Irian Jaya); Malukus/Moluccas
 IE	+5320-00615	Europe/Dublin
 IL	+314650+0351326	Asia/Jerusalem
 IN	+2232+08822	Asia/Kolkata
 IO	-0720+07225	Indian/Chagos
 IQ	+3321+04425	Asia/Baghdad
 IR	+3540+05126	Asia/Tehran
 IS	+6409-02151	Atlantic/Reykjavik
 IT,SM,VA	+4154+01229	Europe/Rome
 JM	+175805-0764736	America/Jamaica
 JO	+3157+03556	Asia/Amman
 JP	+353916+1394441	Asia/Tokyo
 KE,DJ,ER,ET,KM,MG,SO,TZ,UG,YT	-0117+03649	Africa/Nairobi
 KG	+4254+07436	Asia/Bishkek
 KI	+0125+17300	Pacific/Tarawa	Gilbert Islands
 KI	-0308-17105	Pacific/Enderbury	Phoenix Islands
 KI	+0152-15720	Pacific/Kiritimati	Line Islands
 KP	+3901+12545	Asia/Pyongyang
 KR	+3733+12658	Asia/Seoul
-KY	+1918-08123	America/Cayman
-KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	most locations
-KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda (Kyzylorda, Kzyl-Orda)
-KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtobe (Aktobe)
-KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Atyrau (Atirau, Gur'yev), Mangghystau (Mankistau)
+KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	Kazakhstan (most areas)
+KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda/Kyzylorda/Kzyl-Orda
+KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtobe/Aktobe
+KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Atyrau/Atirau/Gur'yev, Mangghystau/Mankistau
 KZ	+5113+05121	Asia/Oral	West Kazakhstan
 LB	+3353+03530	Asia/Beirut
 LK	+0656+07951	Asia/Colombo
 LR	+0618-01047	Africa/Monrovia
 LT	+5441+02519	Europe/Vilnius
 LU	+4936+00609	Europe/Luxembourg
 LV	+5657+02406	Europe/Riga
 LY	+3254+01311	Africa/Tripoli
 MA	+3339-00735	Africa/Casablanca
 MC	+4342+00723	Europe/Monaco
 MD	+4700+02850	Europe/Chisinau
-MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	most locations
+MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	Marshall Islands (most areas)
 MH	+0905+16720	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
-MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Rangoon
-MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	most locations
+MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Yangon
+MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Mongolia (most areas)
 MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Ölgii, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
 MN	+4804+11430	Asia/Choibalsan	Dornod, Sükhbaatar
 MO	+2214+11335	Asia/Macau
 MQ	+1436-06105	America/Martinique
 MT	+3554+01431	Europe/Malta
 MU	-2010+05730	Indian/Mauritius
 MV	+0410+07330	Indian/Maldives
-MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time - most locations
+MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time
 MX	+2105-08646	America/Cancun	Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo
 MX	+2058-08937	America/Merida	Central Time - Campeche, Yucatán
-MX	+2540-10019	America/Monterrey	Mexican Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas away from US border
-MX	+2550-09730	America/Matamoros	US Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas near US border
-MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - S Baja, Nayarit, Sinaloa
-MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mexican Mountain Time - Chihuahua away from US border
-MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	US Mountain Time - Chihuahua near US border
+MX	+2540-10019	America/Monterrey	Central Time - Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (most areas)
+MX	+2550-09730	America/Matamoros	Central Time US - Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (US border)
+MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
+MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mountain Time - Chihuahua (most areas)
+MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	Mountain Time US - Chihuahua (US border)
 MX	+2904-11058	America/Hermosillo	Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
-MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	US Pacific Time - Baja California near US border
-MX	+3018-11452	America/Santa_Isabel	Mexican Pacific Time - Baja California away from US border
-MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Mexican Central Time - Bahía de Banderas
-MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	peninsular Malaysia
-MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah & Sarawak
-MZ,BI,BW,CD,MW,RW,ZM,ZW	-2558+03235	Africa/Maputo	Central Africa Time (UTC+2)
+MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	Pacific Time US - Baja California
+MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Central Time - Bahía de Banderas
+MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	Malaysia (peninsula)
+MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah, Sarawak
+MZ,BI,BW,CD,MW,RW,ZM,ZW	-2558+03235	Africa/Maputo	Central Africa Time
 NA	-2234+01706	Africa/Windhoek
 NC	-2216+16627	Pacific/Noumea
 NF	-2903+16758	Pacific/Norfolk
-NG,AO,BJ,CD,CF,CG,CM,GA,GQ,NE	+0627+00324	Africa/Lagos	West Africa Time (UTC+1)
+NG,AO,BJ,CD,CF,CG,CM,GA,GQ,NE	+0627+00324	Africa/Lagos	West Africa Time
 NI	+1209-08617	America/Managua
 NL	+5222+00454	Europe/Amsterdam
 NO,SJ	+5955+01045	Europe/Oslo
 NP	+2743+08519	Asia/Kathmandu
 NR	-0031+16655	Pacific/Nauru
 NU	-1901-16955	Pacific/Niue
 NZ,AQ	-3652+17446	Pacific/Auckland	New Zealand time
 NZ	-4357-17633	Pacific/Chatham	Chatham Islands
-PA	+0858-07932	America/Panama
+PA,KY	+0858-07932	America/Panama
 PE	-1203-07703	America/Lima
 PF	-1732-14934	Pacific/Tahiti	Society Islands
 PF	-0900-13930	Pacific/Marquesas	Marquesas Islands
 PF	-2308-13457	Pacific/Gambier	Gambier Islands
-PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby	most locations
+PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Papua New Guinea (most areas)
 PG	-0613+15534	Pacific/Bougainville	Bougainville
 PH	+1435+12100	Asia/Manila
 PK	+2452+06703	Asia/Karachi
 PL	+5215+02100	Europe/Warsaw
 PM	+4703-05620	America/Miquelon
 PN	-2504-13005	Pacific/Pitcairn
 PR	+182806-0660622	America/Puerto_Rico
 PS	+3130+03428	Asia/Gaza	Gaza Strip
 PS	+313200+0350542	Asia/Hebron	West Bank
-PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	mainland
+PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	Portugal (mainland)
 PT	+3238-01654	Atlantic/Madeira	Madeira Islands
 PT	+3744-02540	Atlantic/Azores	Azores
 PW	+0720+13429	Pacific/Palau
 PY	-2516-05740	America/Asuncion
 QA,BH	+2517+05132	Asia/Qatar
-RE,TF	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion	Réunion, Crozet Is, Scattered Is
+RE,TF	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion	Réunion, Crozet, Scattered Islands
 RO	+4426+02606	Europe/Bucharest
 RS,BA,HR,ME,MK,SI	+4450+02030	Europe/Belgrade
-RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad
-RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	Moscow+00 - west Russia
-RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	Moscow+00 - Crimea
-RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
-RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	Moscow+00 (Moscow+01 after 2014-10-26) - Samara, Udmurtia
-RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	Moscow+02 - Urals
-RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	Moscow+03 - west Siberia
-RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk
-RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	Moscow+03 (Moscow+04 after 2014-10-26) - Kemerovo
-RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
-RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal
-RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	Moscow+06 (Moscow+05 after 2014-10-26) - Zabaykalsky
-RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	Moscow+06 - Lena River
-RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	Moscow+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
-RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	Moscow+07 - Amur River
-RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island
-RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	Moscow+07 - Oymyakonsky
-RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	Moscow+08 (Moscow+07 after 2014-10-26) - Magadan
-RU	+6728+15343	Asia/Srednekolymsk	Moscow+08 - E Sakha, N Kuril Is
-RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Kamchatka
-RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	Moscow+08 (Moscow+09 after 2014-10-26) - Bering Sea
+RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
+RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	MSK+00 - Moscow area
+RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	MSK+00 - Crimea
+RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	MSK+00 - Volgograd, Saratov
+RU	+5836+04939	Europe/Kirov	MSK+00 - Kirov
+RU	+4621+04803	Europe/Astrakhan	MSK+01 - Astrakhan
+RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	MSK+01 - Samara, Udmurtia
+RU	+5420+04824	Europe/Ulyanovsk	MSK+01 - Ulyanovsk
+RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	MSK+02 - Urals
+RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	MSK+03 - Omsk
+RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	MSK+03 - Novosibirsk
+RU	+5322+08345	Asia/Barnaul	MSK+04 - Altai
+RU	+5630+08458	Asia/Tomsk	MSK+04 - Tomsk
+RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	MSK+04 - Kemerovo
+RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	MSK+04 - Krasnoyarsk area
+RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	MSK+05 - Irkutsk, Buryatia
+RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	MSK+06 - Zabaykalsky
+RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	MSK+06 - Lena River
+RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	MSK+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
+RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	MSK+07 - Amur River
+RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	MSK+07 - Oymyakonsky
+RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	MSK+08 - Magadan
+RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	MSK+08 - Sakhalin Island
+RU	+6728+15343	Asia/Srednekolymsk	MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is
+RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	MSK+09 - Kamchatka
+RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	MSK+09 - Bering Sea
 SA,KW,YE	+2438+04643	Asia/Riyadh
 SB	-0932+16012	Pacific/Guadalcanal
 SC	-0440+05528	Indian/Mahe
 SD,SS	+1536+03232	Africa/Khartoum
 SE	+5920+01803	Europe/Stockholm
 SG	+0117+10351	Asia/Singapore
 SR	+0550-05510	America/Paramaribo
 SV	+1342-08912	America/El_Salvador
 SY	+3330+03618	Asia/Damascus
 TC	+2128-07108	America/Grand_Turk
 TD	+1207+01503	Africa/Ndjamena
-TF	-492110+0701303	Indian/Kerguelen	Kerguelen, St Paul I, Amsterdam I
-TH,KH,LA,VN	+1345+10031	Asia/Bangkok	most of Indochina
+TF	-492110+0701303	Indian/Kerguelen	Kerguelen, St Paul Island, Amsterdam Island
+TH,KH,LA,VN	+1345+10031	Asia/Bangkok	Indochina (most areas)
 TJ	+3835+06848	Asia/Dushanbe
 TK	-0922-17114	Pacific/Fakaofo
 TL	-0833+12535	Asia/Dili
 TM	+3757+05823	Asia/Ashgabat
 TN	+3648+01011	Africa/Tunis
 TO	-2110-17510	Pacific/Tongatapu
 TR	+4101+02858	Europe/Istanbul
 TT,AG,AI,BL,DM,GD,GP,KN,LC,MF,MS,VC,VG,VI	+1039-06131	America/Port_of_Spain
 TV	-0831+17913	Pacific/Funafuti
 TW	+2503+12130	Asia/Taipei
-UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	most locations
+UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	Ukraine (most areas)
 UA	+4837+02218	Europe/Uzhgorod	Ruthenia
-UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye, E Lugansk / Zaporizhia, E Luhansk
+UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye/Zaporizhia; Lugansk/Luhansk (east)
 UM	+1917+16637	Pacific/Wake	Wake Island
-US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern Time
-US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern Time - Michigan - most locations
-US	+381515-0854534	America/Kentucky/Louisville	Eastern Time - Kentucky - Louisville area
-US	+364947-0845057	America/Kentucky/Monticello	Eastern Time - Kentucky - Wayne County
-US	+394606-0860929	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	Eastern Time - Indiana - most locations
-US	+384038-0873143	America/Indiana/Vincennes	Eastern Time - Indiana - Daviess, Dubois, Knox & Martin Counties
-US	+410305-0863611	America/Indiana/Winamac	Eastern Time - Indiana - Pulaski County
-US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern Time - Indiana - Crawford County
-US	+382931-0871643	America/Indiana/Petersburg	Eastern Time - Indiana - Pike County
-US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern Time - Indiana - Switzerland County
-US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central Time
-US	+375711-0864541	America/Indiana/Tell_City	Central Time - Indiana - Perry County
-US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Central Time - Indiana - Starke County
-US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central Time - Michigan - Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron & Menominee Counties
-US	+470659-1011757	America/North_Dakota/Center	Central Time - North Dakota - Oliver County
-US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central Time - North Dakota - Morton County (except Mandan area)
-US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central Time - North Dakota - Mercer County
-US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain Time
-US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
-US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	Mountain Standard Time - Arizona (except Navajo)
-US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific Time
-US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Pacific Standard Time - Annette Island, Alaska
-US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska Time
-US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
-US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska Time - southeast Alaska panhandle
-US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck
-US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska Time - west Alaska
+US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern (most areas)
+US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern - MI (most areas)
+US	+381515-0854534	America/Kentucky/Louisville	Eastern - KY (Louisville area)
+US	+364947-0845057	America/Kentucky/Monticello	Eastern - KY (Wayne)
+US	+394606-0860929	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	Eastern - IN (most areas)
+US	+384038-0873143	America/Indiana/Vincennes	Eastern - IN (Da, Du, K, Mn)
+US	+410305-0863611	America/Indiana/Winamac	Eastern - IN (Pulaski)
+US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern - IN (Crawford)
+US	+382931-0871643	America/Indiana/Petersburg	Eastern - IN (Pike)
+US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern - IN (Switzerland)
+US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central (most areas)
+US	+375711-0864541	America/Indiana/Tell_City	Central - IN (Perry)
+US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Central - IN (Starke)
+US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central - MI (Wisconsin border)
+US	+470659-1011757	America/North_Dakota/Center	Central - ND (Oliver)
+US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central - ND (Morton rural)
+US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central - ND (Mercer)
+US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain (most areas)
+US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain - ID (south); OR (east)
+US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	MST - Arizona (except Navajo)
+US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific
+US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska (most areas)
+US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska - Juneau area
+US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska - Sitka area
+US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Alaska - Annette Island
+US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska - Yakutat
+US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska (west)
 US	+515248-1763929	America/Adak	Aleutian Islands
-US,UM	+211825-1575130	Pacific/Honolulu	Hawaii time
+US,UM	+211825-1575130	Pacific/Honolulu	Hawaii
 UY	-3453-05611	America/Montevideo
-UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	west Uzbekistan
-UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent	east Uzbekistan
+UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	Uzbekistan (west)
+UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent	Uzbekistan (east)
 VE	+1030-06656	America/Caracas
-VN	+1045+10640	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	south Vietnam
+VN	+1045+10640	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	Vietnam (south)
 VU	-1740+16825	Pacific/Efate
 WF	-1318-17610	Pacific/Wallis
 WS	-1350-17144	Pacific/Apia
 ZA,LS,SZ	-2615+02800	Africa/Johannesburg
Index: stable/9/contrib/tzdata
===================================================================
--- stable/9/contrib/tzdata	(revision 307362)
+++ stable/9/contrib/tzdata	(revision 307363)

Property changes on: stable/9/contrib/tzdata
___________________________________________________________________
Modified: svn:mergeinfo
## -0,0 +0,2 ##
   Merged /head/contrib/tzdata:r306853
   Merged /vendor/tzdata/dist:r306847
Index: stable/9/contrib
===================================================================
--- stable/9/contrib	(revision 307362)
+++ stable/9/contrib	(revision 307363)

Property changes on: stable/9/contrib
___________________________________________________________________
Modified: svn:mergeinfo
## -0,0 +0,1 ##
   Merged /head/contrib:r306853
Index: stable/9
===================================================================
--- stable/9	(revision 307362)
+++ stable/9	(revision 307363)

Property changes on: stable/9
___________________________________________________________________
Modified: svn:mergeinfo
## -0,0 +0,1 ##
   Merged /head:r306853