diff --git a/share/man/man4/wlan.4 b/share/man/man4/wlan.4 index f4384ccef4fa..2e0ebdb09c2f 100644 --- a/share/man/man4/wlan.4 +++ b/share/man/man4/wlan.4 @@ -1,222 +1,221 @@ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 2003 Tom Rhodes .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" -.Dd October 29, 2015 +.Dd January 9, 2021 .Dt WLAN 4 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm wlan .Nd generic 802.11 link-layer support .Sh SYNOPSIS .Cd "device wlan" .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm module provides generic code to support 802.11 drivers. Where a device does not directly support 802.11 functionality this layer fills in. The .Nm module is required by all native 802.11 drivers as well as the .Xr ndis 4 support. .Pp .Nm supports multi-mode devices capable of operating in both 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands and supports numerous 802.11 standards: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, and 802.11s (Draft 3.0). The WPA, 802.11i, and 802.1x security protocols are supported through a combination of in-kernel code and user-mode applications. The WME/WMM multi-media protocols are supported entirely within the .Nm module but require a suitably capable hardware device. Likewise the 802.11h specification is supported only by suitably capable devices. .Pp Drivers provide 802.11 functionality through .Nm interfaces that are created at runtime using interface cloning. This is done with the .Xr ifconfig 8 .Cm create command or using the .Va wlans_IFX variable in .Xr rc.conf 5 . Some drivers support the creation of multiple .Nm interfaces that share the same underlying device; this is the way by which ``multi-bss support'' is provided but it can also be used to create WDS links and other interesting applications. .Pp There are several types of .Nm interfaces that may be created: .Bl -tag -width monitor .It Cm sta A client station in an infrastructure bss (i.e. one that associates to an access point). .It Cm hostap An access point in an infrastructure bss. .It Cm mesh A mesh station in an MBSS network. .It Cm adhoc A station in an IBSS network. .It Cm ahdemo A station operating in ``adhoc demo mode''. This is essentially an IBSS station that does not use management frames (e.g. no beacons are transmitted). An .Cm ahdemo interface is especially useful for applications that want to transmit and receive raw 802.11 packets. .It Cm monitor An interface used exclusively for capturing 802.11 frames. In particular this specified to have read-only properties which enables it to be operated on frequencies where one would otherwise not be allowed. .It Cm wds A station that passes 4-address 802.11 traffic for the purpose of tunneling traffic over a wireless link. Typically this station would share the same MAC address as a .Cm hostap interface. It may be possible to create .Cm wds interfaces without a companion .Cm hostap interface but that is not guaranteed; one may need to create a .Cm hostap interface that does not send beacon frames before .Cm wds interfaces may be created. .El .Pp Note that an interface's type cannot be changed once it is created. .Pp .Nm defines several mechanisms by which plugin modules may be used to extend its functionality. Cryptographic support such as WEP, TKIP, and AES-CCMP are implemented as standalone modules (if not statically configured into a system) that register with .Nm . Similarly there is an authenticator framework for defining 802.11 authentication services and a framework for integrating access control mechanisms specific to the 802.11 protocol. .Sh DEBUGGING If the .Dv IEEE80211_DEBUG option is included in the kernel configuration, debugging controls are available using: .Pp .Dl "sysctl net.wlan.X.debug=mask" .Pp where .Ar X is the number of the .Nm instance and mask is a bit-or of control bits that determine which debugging messages to enable. For example, .Pp .Dl "sysctl net.wlan.0.debug=0x00200000" .Pp enables debugging messages related to scanning for an access point, adhoc neighbor, or an unoccupied channel when operation as an access point. The .Xr wlandebug 8 tool provides a more user-friendly mechanism for doing the same thing. Note that .Pp .Dl "sysctl net.wlan.debug=mask" .Pp defines the initial value of the debugging flags for each cloned .Nm interface; this is useful to enable debug messages during interface creation. .Sh COMPATIBILITY The module name of .Nm was used to be compatible with .Nx . .Pp Mesh stations follow the 802.11s Draft 3.0 specification which is not ratified and subject to change. Be aware that this specification is incompatible with earlier drafts. Stations implementing earlier drafts (e.g., Linux) may be incompatible. .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr an 4 , .Xr ath 4 , .Xr bwi 4 , .Xr bwn 4 , .Xr ipw 4 , .Xr iwi 4 , .Xr iwm 4 , .Xr iwn 4 , .Xr malo 4 , .Xr mwl 4 , .Xr netintro 4 , .Xr otus 4 , .Xr ral 4 , .Xr rsu 4 , .Xr rtwn 4 , .Xr rum 4 , .Xr run 4 , .Xr uath 4 , .Xr upgt 4 , .Xr ural 4 , .Xr urtw 4 , -.Xr wi 4 , .Xr wlan_acl 4 , .Xr wlan_ccmp 4 , .Xr wlan_tkip 4 , .Xr wlan_wep 4 , .Xr wlan_xauth 4 , .Xr wpi 4 , .Xr zyd 4 .Sh STANDARDS More information can be found in the IEEE 802.11 Standards. .Sh HISTORY The .Nm driver first appeared in .Fx 5.0 . .Sh AUTHORS Atsushi Onoe is the author of original .Nx software from which this work began. .An -nosplit .An Sam Leffler brought the code into .Fx and then rewrote it to support multi-mode devices, 802.11g, 802.11n, WPA/802.11i, WME, multi-bss, and add the extensible frameworks for cryptographic, authentication, and access control plugins. This manual page was written by .An Tom Rhodes Aq Mt trhodes@FreeBSD.org . diff --git a/share/man/man7/hier.7 b/share/man/man7/hier.7 index ebf06d91936e..845c4a8a8f7c 100644 --- a/share/man/man7/hier.7 +++ b/share/man/man7/hier.7 @@ -1,910 +1,907 @@ .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" -.Dd November 23, 2020 +.Dd January 9, 2021 .Dt HIER 7 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm hier .Nd layout of file systems .Sh DESCRIPTION A sketch of the file system hierarchy. .Bl -tag -width "/libexec/" .It Pa / root directory of the file system .It Pa /bin/ user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments .It Pa /boot/ programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap .Pp .Bl -tag -width "defaults/" -compact .It Pa defaults/ default bootstrapping configuration files; see .Xr loader.conf 5 .It Pa dtb/ Compiled flattened device tree (FDT) files; see .Xr fdt 4 and .Xr dtc 1 .It Pa efi/ Mount point for EFI System Partition (ESP) on UEFI systems .It Pa firmware/ loadable kernel modules containing binary firmware for hardware that needs firmware downloaded to it to function .It Pa kernel/ pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory at boot time) and kernel modules .It Pa modules/ third-party loadable kernel modules, such as the ones installed from .Xr ports 7 .It Pa overlays/ Compiled flattened device tree (FDT) overlays; see .Xr fdt 4 and .Xr dtc 1 .It Pa zfs/ .Xr zfs 8 zpool cache files .El .It Pa /cdrom/ default mount point for CD-ROM drives .It Pa /compat/ normally a link to .Pa /usr/compat . If not, then the .Pa /usr/compat comments apply .It Pa /dev/ device special files managed by .Xr devfs 5 .Pp .Bl -tag -width "defaults/" -compact .It Pa fd/ file descriptor files; see .Xr \&fd 4 .El .It Pa /etc/ system configuration files and scripts .Pp .Bl -tag -width "defaults/" -compact .It Pa defaults/ default system configuration files; see .Xr rc 8 .It Pa bluetooth/ bluetooth configuration files .It Pa localtime local timezone information; see .Xr ctime 3 .It Pa mail/ Sendmail control files .It Pa mtree/ mtree configuration files; see .Xr mtree 8 .It Pa pam.d/ configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) library .It Pa periodic/ scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via .Xr cron 8 ; see .Xr periodic 8 .It Pa rc.d/ system and daemon startup/control scripts; see .Xr rc 8 .It Pa security/ OpenBSM audit configuration files; see .Xr audit 8 .It Pa ppp/ ppp configuration files; see .Xr ppp 8 .It Pa ssh/ OpenSSH configuration files; see .Xr ssh 1 .It Pa ssl/ OpenSSL configuration files .El .It Pa /lib/ critical system libraries needed for binaries in .Pa /bin and .Pa /sbin .Pp .Bl -tag -width "defaults/" -compact .It Pa casper/ service-specific .Xr libcasper 3 Capsicum support libraries .It Pa geom/ class-specific libraries for the .Xr geom 8 utility .It Pa nvmecontrol/ vendor-specific libraries to extend the .Xr nvmecontrol 8 utility .El .It Pa /libexec/ critical system utilities needed for binaries in .Pa /bin and .Pa /sbin .It Pa /media/ contains subdirectories to be used as mount points for removable media such as CDs, USB drives, and floppy disks .It Pa /mnt/ empty directory commonly used by system administrators as a temporary mount point .It Pa /net/ automounted NFS shares; see .Xr auto_master 5 .It Pa /proc/ process file system; see .Xr procfs 5 .It Pa /rescue/ statically linked programs for emergency recovery; see .Xr rescue 8 .It Pa /root/ root's HOME directory .It Pa /sbin/ system programs and administration utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments .It Pa /tmp/ temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots .It Pa /usr/ contains the majority of user utilities and applications .Pp .Bl -tag -width "defaults/" -compact .It Pa bin/ common utilities, programming tools, and applications .It Pa compat/ files needed to support binary compatibility with other operating systems; see .Xr linux 4 .It Pa include/ standard C include files .Pp .Bl -tag -width "kerberos5/" -compact .It Pa arpa/ C include files for Internet service protocols .It Pa bsnmp/ C include files for the SNMP daemon .It Pa c++/ C++ include files .It Pa cam/ C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer .Bl -tag -width "kerberos5/" -compact .It Pa scsi/ SCSI device on top of CAM .El .It Pa dev/ C include files for programming various .Fx devices .Bl -tag -width "kerberos5/" -compact .It Pa ic/ various header files describing driver- and bus-independent hardware circuits .It Pa ofw/ Open Firmware support .It Pa pbio/ 8255 PPI cards; see .Xr pbio 4 .It Pa ppbus/ parallel port bus; see .Xr ppbus 4 .It Pa usb/ USB subsystem -.It Pa wi/ -.Xr wi 4 -WaveLAN driver .El .It Pa fs/ .Bl -tag -width "kerberos5/" -compact .It Pa fdescfs/ per-process file descriptors file system .It Pa msdosfs/ MS-DOS file system .It Pa nfs/ C include files for NFS (Network File System) version 2, 3 and 4 .It Pa nullfs/ loopback file system .It Pa procfs/ process file system .It Pa smbfs/ SMB/CIFS file system .It Pa udf/ UDF file system .It Pa unionfs union file system .El .It Pa geom/ GEOM framework .Bl -tag -width "kerberos5/" -compact .It Pa concat/ CONCAT GEOM class .It Pa gate/ GATE GEOM class .It Pa mirror/ MIRROR GEOM class .It Pa nop/ NOP GEOM class .It Pa raid3/ RAID3 GEOM class .It Pa stripe/ STRIPE GEOM class .El .It Pa libmilter/ C include files for libmilter, the .Xr sendmail 8 mail filter API .It Pa machine/ machine-specific C include files .It Pa net/ miscellaneous network C include files .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa altq/ C include files for alternate queueing .El .It Pa net80211/ C include files for 802.11 wireless networking; see .Xr net80211 4 .It Pa netinet/ C include files for Internet standard protocols; see .Xr inet 4 .It Pa netinet6/ C include files for Internet protocol version 6; see .Xr inet6 4 .It Pa netipsec/ kernel key-management service; see .Xr ipsec 4 .It Pa netsmb/ SMB/CIFS requester .It Pa nfs/ C include files for NFS (Network File System) version 2 and 3 (legacy) .It Pa openssl/ OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers .It Pa protocols/ C include files for Berkeley service protocols .It Pa rpc/ remote procedure calls; see .Xr rpc 3 .It Pa rpcsvc/ definition of RPC service structures; see .Xr rpc 3 .It Pa security/ PAM; see .Xr pam 8 .It Pa sys/ system C include files (kernel data structures) .\" .It Pa tcl/ .\" Tcl language; .\" see .\" .Xr Tcl n .\" .Bl -tag -width "kerberos5/" -compact .\" .It Pa generic/ .\" ??? .\" .It Pa unix/ .\" ??? .\" .El .It Pa ufs/ C include files for UFS (The U-word File System) .Bl -tag -width "kerberos5/" -compact .It Pa ffs/ Fast file system .It Pa ufs/ UFS file system .El .It Pa vm/ virtual memory; see .Xr vmstat 8 .El .Pp .It Pa lib/ shared and archive .Xr ar 1 Ns -type libraries .Pp .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa aout/ a.out archive libraries .It Pa compat/ shared libraries for compatibility .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa aout/ a.out backward compatibility libraries .El .It Pa debug/ standalone debug data for the kernel and base system libraries and binaries .It Pa dtrace/ DTrace library scripts .It Pa engines/ OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) dynamically loadable engines .El .Pp .It Pa libdata/ miscellaneous utility data files .Pp .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa gcc/ .Xr gcc 1 configuration data .It Pa ldscripts/ linker scripts; see .Xr ld 1 .El .Pp .It Pa libexec/ system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs) .Pp .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa aout/ utilities to manipulate a.out executables .It Pa elf/ utilities to manipulate ELF executables .It Pa lpr/ utilities and filters for LP print system; see .Xr lpr 1 .It Pa sendmail/ the .Xr sendmail 8 binary; see .Xr mailwrapper 8 .It Pa sm.bin/ restricted shell for .Xr sendmail 8 ; see .Xr smrsh 8 .El .Pp .It Pa local/ local executables, libraries, etc. Also used as the default destination for the .Xr ports 7 framework. Within .Pa local/ , the general layout sketched out by .Nm for .Pa /usr should be used. Exceptions are the ports documentation .Po in .Pa share/doc// Ns Pc , and .Pa /usr/local/etc .Po mimics .Pa /etc Ns Pc . .It Pa obj/ architecture-specific target tree produced by building the .Pa /usr/src tree .It Pa ports/ .Xr ports 7 , the .Fx ports collection .It Pa sbin/ system daemons & system utilities (executed by users) .It Pa share/ architecture-independent files .Pp .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa calendar/ a variety of pre-fab calendar files; see .Xr calendar 1 .It Pa dict/ word lists; see .Xr look 1 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa freebsd .Fx Ns -specific terms, proper names, and jargon .It Pa web2 words from Webster's 2nd International .El .It Pa doc/ miscellaneous documentation; source for most of the printed .Bx manuals (available from the .Tn USENIX association) .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa FAQ/ Frequently Asked Questions .It Pa IPv6/ implementation notes for IPv6 .It Pa es/ Spanish translations of documents in /usr/share/doc .It Pa handbook/ .Fx Handbook .It Pa ja/ Japanese translations of documents in /usr/share/doc .It Pa legal/ License files for vendor supplied firmware files .It Pa ncurses/ HTML documents pertaining to ncurses; see .Xr ncurses 3 .It Pa ntp/ HTML documents pertaining to the Network Time Protocol .It Pa ru/ Russian translations of documents in /usr/share/doc .It Pa tutorials/ .Fx tutorials .It Pa zh/ Chinese translations of documents in /usr/share/doc .El .It Pa examples/ various examples for users and programmers .It Pa firmware/ firmware images loaded by userland programs .It Pa games/ ASCII text files used by various games .It Pa keys/ known trusted and revoked keys. .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa pkg/ fingerprints for .Xr pkg 7 and .Xr pkg 8 .El .It Pa locale/ localization files; see .Xr setlocale 3 .It Pa man/ manual pages .It Pa misc/ miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa fonts/ ??? .It Pa termcap terminal characteristics database; see .Xr termcap 5 .El .It Pa mk/ templates for make; see .Xr make 1 .It Pa nls/ national language support files .It Pa security/ data files for security policies such as .Xr mac_lomac 4 .It Pa sendmail/ .Xr sendmail 8 configuration files .It Pa skel/ example .Pa .\& (dot) files for new accounts .It Pa snmp/ MIBs, example files and tree definitions for the SNMP daemon. .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa defs/ tree definition files for use with .Xr gensnmptree 1 .It Pa mibs/ MIB files .El .It Pa syscons/ files used by syscons; see .Xr syscons 4 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa fonts/ console fonts; see .Xr vidcontrol 1 and .Xr vidfont 1 .It Pa keymaps/ console keyboard maps; see .Xr kbdcontrol 1 and .Xr kbdmap 1 .It Pa scrnmaps/ console screen maps .El .It Pa tabset/ tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in the termcap file; see .Xr termcap 5 .It Pa vi/ localization support and utilities for .Xr vi 1 .It Pa vt/ files used by vt; see .Xr vt 4 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa fonts/ console fonts; see .Xr vidcontrol 1 and .Xr vidfont 1 .It Pa keymaps/ console keyboard maps; see .Xr kbdcontrol 1 and .Xr kbdmap 1 .\" .It Pa scrnmaps/ .\" console screen maps .El .It Pa zoneinfo/ timezone configuration information; see .Xr tzfile 5 .El .Pp .It Pa src/ .Fx source code .Pp .Bl -tag -width "kerberos5/" -compact .It Pa bin/ source code for files in /bin .It Pa cddl/ utilities covered by the Common Development and Distribution License .It Pa contrib/ source code for contributed software .It Pa crypto/ source code for contributed cryptography software .It Pa etc/ source code for files in .Pa /etc .It Pa gnu/ utilities covered by the GNU General Public License .It Pa include/ source code for files in .Pa /usr/include .It Pa kerberos5/ build infrastructure for Kerberos version 5 .It Pa lib/ source code for files in .Pa /lib and .Pa /usr/lib .It Pa libexec/ source code for files in .Pa /usr/libexec .It Pa release/ files required to produce a .Fx release .It Pa rescue/ source code for files in .Pa /rescue .It Pa sbin/ source code for files in .Pa /sbin .It Pa secure/ build directory for files in .Pa /usr/src/crypto .It Pa share/ source for files in .Pa /usr/share .It Pa stand/ boot loader source code .It Pa sys/ kernel source code .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa amd64/ AMD64 architecture support .It Pa arm/ ARM architecture support .It Pa arm64/ ARMv8 architecture support .It Pa cam/ .Xr cam 4 and .Xr ctl 4 .It Pa cddl/ CDDL-licensed optional sources, including ZFS and DTrace .It Pa ddb/ .Xr ddb 4 .It Pa fs/ most filesystems .It Pa dev/ device drivers .It Pa geom/ .Xr geom 4 .It Pa i386/ i386 (32 bit) architecture support .It Pa kern/ main part of the kernel .It Pa mips/ MIPS architecture support .It Pa net80211/ .Xr net80211 4 .It Pa netgraph/ .Xr netgraph 4 .It Pa netinet/ .Xr inet 4 .It Pa netinet6/ .Xr inet6 4 .It Pa netipsec/ .Xr ipsec 4 .It Pa netpfil/ .Xr ipfw 4 and .Xr pf 4 .It Pa opencrypto/ .Xr crypto 7 .It Pa powerpc/ PowerPC/POWER architecture support .It Pa riscv/ RISC-V architecture support .It Pa security/ .Xr audit 4 and .Xr mac 4 .It Pa sparc64/ SPARC64 architecture support .It Pa sys/ kernel headers .It Pa ufs/ Unix File System .It Pa x86/ code shared by AMD64 and i386 architectures .El .It Pa targets/ support for experimental DIRDEPS_BUILD .It Pa tests/ source code for files in .Pa /usr/tests .It Pa tools/ tools used for maintenance and testing of .Fx .It Pa usr.bin/ source code for files in .Pa /usr/bin .It Pa usr.sbin/ source code for files in .Pa /usr/sbin .El .Pp .It Pa tests/ The .Fx test suite; see .Xr tests 7 .El .It Pa /var/ multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files .Pp .Bl -tag -width "defaults/" -compact .It Pa account/ system accounting files .Pp .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa acct execution accounting file; see .Xr acct 5 .El .Pp .It Pa at/ timed command scheduling files; see .Xr \&at 1 .Pp .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa jobs/ directory containing job files .It Pa spool/ directory containing output spool files .El .Pp .It Pa backups/ miscellaneous backup files .It Pa cache/ miscellaneous cached files .Pp .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa pkg/ cached packages for .Xr pkg 8 .El .Pp .It Pa crash/ default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see .Xr crash 8 and .Xr savecore 8 .It Pa cron/ files used by cron; see .Xr cron 8 .Pp .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa tabs/ crontab files; see .Xr crontab 5 .El .Pp .It Pa db/ miscellaneous automatically generated system-specific database files .It Pa empty/ empty directory for use by programs that need a specifically empty directory. Used for instance by .Xr sshd 8 for privilege separation. .It Pa games/ miscellaneous game status and score files .It Pa heimdal/ Kerberos server databases; see .Xr kdc 8 .It Pa log/ miscellaneous system log files .Pp .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa utx.lastlogin last login log; see .Xr getutxent 3 .It Pa utx.log login/logout log; see .Xr getutxent 3 .El .Pp .It Pa mail/ user mailbox files .It Pa msgs/ system messages database; see .Xr msgs 1 .It Pa preserve/ temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death of an editor; see .Xr \&ex 1 .It Pa quotas/ file system quota information files .It Pa run/ system information files describing various info about system since it was booted .Pp .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa ppp/ writable by the .Dq network group for command connection sockets; see .Xr ppp 8 .It Pa utx.active database of current users; see .Xr getutxent 3 .El .Pp .It Pa rwho/ rwho data files; see .Xr rwhod 8 , .Xr rwho 1 , and .Xr ruptime 1 .It Pa spool/ miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories .Pp .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa clientmqueue/ undelivered submission mail queue; see .Xr sendmail 8 .It Pa ftp/ commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory .It Pa mqueue/ undelivered mail queue; see .Xr sendmail 8 .It Pa output/ line printer spooling directories .El .Pp .It Pa tmp/ temporary files that are kept between system reboots .Pp .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact .It Pa vi.recover/ the directory where recovery files are stored .El .Pp .It Pa yp/ the NIS maps .El .El .Sh NOTES This manual page documents the default .Fx file system layout, but the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system administrator's discretion. A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of this document. .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr apropos 1 , .Xr find 1 , .Xr finger 1 , .Xr grep 1 , .Xr ls 1 , .Xr whatis 1 , .Xr whereis 1 , .Xr which 1 , .Xr fd 4 , .Xr devfs 5 , .Xr fsck 8 .Sh HISTORY A .Nm manual page appeared in .At v7 .