diff --git a/sbin/ping/ping.8 b/sbin/ping/ping.8 index 951049d0f252..0eaec196e1e3 100644 --- a/sbin/ping/ping.8 +++ b/sbin/ping/ping.8 @@ -1,827 +1,828 @@ .\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1991, 1993 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" -.Dd October 15, 2024 +.Dd September 15, 2023 .Dt PING 8 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm ping .Nd send ICMP or ICMPv6 ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl 4AaDdfHnoQqRrv .Op Fl .\& Ns Ar chars .Op Fl C Ar pcp .Op Fl c Ar count .Op Fl G Ar sweepmaxsize .Op Fl g Ar sweepminsize .Op Fl h Ar sweepincrsize .Op Fl i Ar wait .Op Fl l Ar preload .Op Fl M Cm mask | time .Op Fl m Ar ttl .Op Fl P Ar policy .Op Fl p Ar pattern .Op Fl S Ar src_addr .Op Fl s Ar packetsize .Op Fl t Ar timeout .Op Fl W Ar waittime .Op Fl z Ar tos .Ar IPv4-host .Nm .Op Fl 4AaDdfHLnoQqRrv .Op Fl .\& Ns Ar chars .Op Fl C Ar pcp .Op Fl c Ar count .Op Fl I Ar iface .Op Fl i Ar wait .Op Fl l Ar preload .Op Fl M Cm mask | time .Op Fl m Ar ttl .Op Fl P Ar policy .Op Fl p Ar pattern .Op Fl S Ar src_addr .Op Fl s Ar packetsize .Op Fl T Ar ttl .Op Fl t Ar timeout .Op Fl W Ar waittime .Op Fl z Ar tos .Ar IPv4-mcast-group .Nm .Op Fl 6AaDdEfHNnOoquvYyZ .Op Fl .\& Ns Ar chars .Op Fl b Ar bufsiz .Op Fl C Ar pcp .Op Fl c Ar count .Op Fl e Ar gateway .Op Fl I Ar interface .Op Fl i Ar wait .Op Fl k Ar addrtype .Op Fl l Ar preload .Op Fl m Ar hoplimit .Op Fl P Ar policy .Op Fl p Ar pattern .Op Fl S Ar sourceaddr .Op Fl s Ar packetsize .Op Fl t Ar timeout .Op Fl W Ar waittime .Op Ar IPv6-hops ... .Ar IPv6-host .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm utility invoked with an IPv4 target .Ar ( IPv4-host or .Ar IPv4-mcast-group ) uses the ICMP .No protocol Ap s mandatory ECHO_REQUEST datagram to elicit an ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE from a host or gateway. ECHO_REQUEST datagrams .Pq Dq pings have an IP and ICMP header, followed by a .Dq struct timeval and then an arbitrary number of .Dq pad bytes used to fill out the packet. .Pp When invoked with an IPv6 target .Ar ( IPv6-host ) , it uses the ICMPv6 protocol's mandatory ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST datagram to elicit an ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY. ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST datagrams have an IPv6 header and ICMPv6 header formatted as documented in RFC 2463. .Pp When invoked with a hostname, the version to which the target is resolved first is used. In that case, the options and arguments used must be valid for the specific IP version, otherwise .Nm exits with an error. If the target is resolved to both IPv4 and IPv6, the specific IP version can be requested by .Fl 4 or .Fl 6 options, respectively. For backwards-compatibility, ICMPv6 can also be selected by invoking the binary as .Nm ping6 . .Ss Options common to both IPv4 and IPv6 targets .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl .\& Ns Ar chars By default, for every ECHO_REQUEST sent, a period .Dq .\& is printed, while for every ECHO_REPLY received, a backspace is printed. This option takes an optional string argument listing characters that will be printed one by one in the provided order instead of the default period. .Pp Example usage: .Bd -literal -offset indent ping -.0123456789 freebsd.org .Ed .It Fl A Audible. Output a bell (ASCII 0x07) character when no packet is received before the next packet is transmitted. To cater for round-trip times that are longer than the interval between transmissions, further missing packets cause a bell only if the maximum number of unreceived packets has increased. .It Fl a Audible. Include a bell (ASCII 0x07) character in the output when any packet is received. .It Fl C Ar pcp Add an 802.1p Ethernet Priority Code Point when sending a packet. 0..7 uses that specific PCP, -1 uses the interface default PCP (or none). .It Fl c Ar count Stop after sending (and receiving) .Ar count ECHO_RESPONSE packets. If this option is not specified, .Nm will operate until interrupted. .Pp For an IPv4 target, if this option is specified in conjunction with ping sweeps, each sweep will consist of .Ar count packets. .It Fl D Disable fragmentation. .It Fl d Set the .Dv SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used. .It Fl f Flood ping. Outputs packets as fast as they come back or one hundred times per second, whichever is more. Implies .Fl .\& to print a period for every ECHO_REQUEST sent and a backspace for every ECHO_REPLY received. This provides a rapid display of how many packets are being dropped. Only the super-user may use this option. .Bf -emphasis This can be very hard on a network and should be used with caution. .Ef .It Fl H Hostname output. Try to do a reverse DNS lookup when displaying addresses. This is the opposite of the .Fl n option. .It Fl I Ar iface For an IPv4 target, .Ar iface is an IP address indentifying an interface from which the packets will be sent. This flag applies only if the ping target is a multicast address. .Pp For an IPv6 target, .Ar iface is a name of an interface (e.g., `em0') from which the packets will be sent. This flag applies if the ping target is a multicast address, or link-local/site-local unicast address. .It Fl i Ar wait Wait .Ar wait seconds .Em between sending each packet . The default is to wait for one second between each packet. The wait time may be fractional, but only the super-user may specify values less than 1 second. This option is incompatible with the .Fl f option. .It Fl l Ar preload If .Ar preload is specified, .Nm sends that many packets as fast as possible before falling into its normal mode of behavior. Only the super-user may use this option. .It Fl m Ar ttl For an IPv4 target, set the IP Time To Live for outgoing packets. If not specified, the kernel uses the value of the .Va net.inet.ip.ttl MIB variable. .Pp For an IPv6 target, set the IPv6 hoplimit. .It Fl n Numeric output only. No attempt will be made to lookup symbolic names for host addresses. This is the opposite of .Fl H , and it is the default behavior. .It Fl o Exit successfully after receiving one reply packet. .It Fl P Ar policy .Ar policy specifies IPsec policy for the ping session. For details please refer to .Xr ipsec 4 and .Xr ipsec_set_policy 3 . .It Fl p Ar pattern You may specify up to 16 .Dq pad bytes to fill out the packet you send. This is useful for diagnosing data-dependent problems in a network. For example, .Dq Li \-p ff will cause the sent packet to be filled with all ones. .It Fl q Quiet output. Nothing is displayed except the summary lines at startup time and when finished. .It Fl S Ar src_addr Use the following IP address as the source address in outgoing packets. On hosts with more than one IP address, this option can be used to force the source address to be something other than the IP address of the interface the probe packet is sent on. .Pp For IPv4, if the IP address is not one of this machine's interface addresses, an error is returned and nothing is sent. .Pp For IPv6, the source address must be one of the unicast addresses of the sending node, and must be numeric. .It Fl s Ar packetsize Specify the number of data bytes to be sent. The default is 56, which translates into 64 ICMP data bytes when combined with the 8 bytes of ICMP header data. .Pp +For IPv4, only the super-user may specify values more than default. This option cannot be used with ping sweeps. .Pp For IPv6, you may need to specify .Fl b as well to extend socket buffer size. .It Fl t Ar timeout Specify a timeout, in seconds, before ping exits regardless of how many packets have been received. .It Fl v Verbose output. ICMP packets other than ECHO_RESPONSE that are received are listed. .It Fl W Ar waittime Time in milliseconds to wait for a reply for each packet sent. If a reply arrives later, the packet is not printed as replied, but considered as replied when calculating statistics. .El .Ss Options only for IPv4 targets .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl 4 Use IPv4 regardless of how the target is resolved. .It Fl G Ar sweepmaxsize Specify the maximum size of ICMP payload when sending sweeping pings. This option is required for ping sweeps. .It Fl g Ar sweepminsize Specify the size of ICMP payload to start with when sending sweeping pings. The default value is 0. .It Fl h Ar sweepincrsize Specify the number of bytes to increment the size of ICMP payload after each sweep when sending sweeping pings. The default value is 1. .It Fl L Suppress loopback of multicast packets. This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address. .It Fl M Cm mask | time Use .Dv ICMP_MASKREQ or .Dv ICMP_TSTAMP instead of .Dv ICMP_ECHO . For .Cm mask , print the netmask of the remote machine. Set the .Va net.inet.icmp.maskrepl MIB variable to enable .Dv ICMP_MASKREPLY and .Va net.inet.icmp.maskfake if you want to override the netmask in the response. For .Cm time , print the origination, reception and transmission timestamps. Set the .Va net.inet.icmp.tstamprepl MIB variable to enable or disable .Dv ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY . .It Fl Q Somewhat quiet output. .No Don Ap t display ICMP error messages that are in response to our query messages. Originally, the .Fl v flag was required to display such errors, but .Fl v displays all ICMP error messages. On a busy machine, this output can be overbearing. Without the .Fl Q flag, .Nm prints out any ICMP error messages caused by its own ECHO_REQUEST messages. .It Fl R Record route. Includes the RECORD_ROUTE option in the ECHO_REQUEST packet and displays the route buffer on returned packets. Note that the IP header is only large enough for nine such routes; the .Xr traceroute 8 command is usually better at determining the route packets take to a particular destination. If more routes come back than should, such as due to an illegal spoofed packet, ping will print the route list and then truncate it at the correct spot. Many hosts ignore or discard the RECORD_ROUTE option. .It Fl r Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an attached network. If the host is not on a directly-attached network, an error is returned. This option can be used to ping a local host through an interface that has no route through it (e.g., after the interface was dropped by .Xr routed 8 ) . .It Fl T Ar ttl Set the IP Time To Live for multicasted packets. This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address. .It Fl z Ar tos Use the specified type of service. .It Ar IPv4-host hostname or IPv4 address of the final destination node. .It Ar IPv4-mcast-group IPv4 multicast address of the final destination nodes. .El .Ss Options only for IPv6 targets .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl 6 Use IPv6 regardless of how the target is resolved. .It Fl b Ar bufsiz Set socket buffer size. .It Fl e Ar gateway Specifies to use .Ar gateway as the next hop to the destination. The gateway must be a neighbor of the sending node. .It Fl k Ar addrtype Generate ICMPv6 Node Information Node Addresses query, rather than echo-request. .Ar addrtype must be a string constructed of the following characters. .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact .It Ic a requests unicast addresses from all of the responder's interfaces. If the character is omitted, only those addresses which belong to the interface which has the responder's address are requests. .It Ic c requests responder's IPv4-compatible and IPv4-mapped addresses. .It Ic g requests responder's global-scope addresses. .It Ic s requests responder's site-local addresses. .It Ic l requests responder's link-local addresses. .It Ic A requests responder's anycast addresses. Without this character, the responder will return unicast addresses only. With this character, the responder will return anycast addresses only. Note that the specification does not specify how to get responder's anycast addresses. This is an experimental option. .El .It Fl N Probe node information multicast group address .Pq Li ff02::2:ffxx:xxxx . .Ar host must be string hostname of the target (must not be a numeric IPv6 address). Node information multicast group will be computed based on given .Ar host , and will be used as the final destination. Since node information multicast group is a link-local multicast group, outgoing interface needs to be specified by .Fl I option. .Pp When specified twice, the address .Pq Li ff02::2:xxxx:xxxx is used instead. The former is in RFC 4620, the latter is in an old Internet Draft draft-ietf-ipngwg-icmp-name-lookup. Note that KAME-derived implementations including .Fx use the latter. .It Fl O Generate ICMPv6 Node Information supported query types query, rather than echo-request. .Fl s has no effect if .Fl O is specified. .It Fl u By default, .Nm asks the kernel to fragment packets to fit into the minimum IPv6 MTU. The .Fl u option will suppress the behavior in the following two levels: when the option is specified once, the behavior will be disabled for unicast packets. When the option is more than once, it will be disabled for both unicast and multicast packets. .It Fl Y Same as .Fl y , but with old packet format based on 03 draft. This option is present for backward compatibility. .Fl s has no effect if .Fl y is specified. .It Fl y Generate ICMPv6 Node Information DNS Name query, rather than echo-request. .Fl s has no effect if .Fl y is specified. .It Ar IPv6-hops IPv6 addresses for intermediate nodes, which will be put into type 0 routing header. .It Ar IPv6-host IPv6 address of the final destination node. .El .Ss Experimental options only for IPv6 target .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl E Enables transport-mode IPsec encapsulated security payload. .It Fl Z Enables transport-mode IPsec authentication header. .El .Pp When using .Nm for fault isolation, it should first be run on the local host, to verify that the local network interface is up and running. Then, hosts and gateways further and further away should be .Dq pinged . Round-trip times and packet loss statistics are computed. If duplicate packets are received, they are not included in the packet loss calculation, although the round trip time of these packets is used in calculating the round-trip time statistics. When the specified number of packets have been sent (and received) or if the program is terminated with a .Dv SIGINT , a brief summary is displayed, showing the number of packets sent and received, and the minimum, mean, maximum, and standard deviation of the round-trip times. .Pp If .Nm receives a .Dv SIGINFO (see the .Cm status argument for .Xr stty 1 ) signal, the current number of packets sent and received, and the minimum, mean, maximum, and standard deviation of the round-trip times will be written to the standard output. .Pp This program is intended for use in network testing, measurement and management. Because of the load it can impose on the network, it is unwise to use .Nm during normal operations or from automated scripts. .Sh ICMP PACKET DETAILS An IP header without options is 20 bytes. An ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packet contains an additional 8 bytes worth of ICMP header followed by an arbitrary amount of data. When a .Ar packetsize is given, this indicated the size of this extra piece of data (the default is 56). Thus the amount of data received inside of an IP packet of type ICMP ECHO_REPLY will always be 8 bytes more than the requested data space (the ICMP header). .Pp If the data space is at least eight bytes large, .Nm uses the first eight bytes of this space to include a timestamp which it uses in the computation of round trip times. If less than eight bytes of pad are specified, no round trip times are given. .Sh DUPLICATE AND DAMAGED PACKETS The .Nm utility will report duplicate and damaged packets. Duplicate packets should never occur when pinging a unicast address, and seem to be caused by inappropriate link-level retransmissions. Duplicates may occur in many situations and are rarely (if ever) a good sign, although the presence of low levels of duplicates may not always be cause for alarm. Duplicates are expected when pinging a broadcast or multicast address, since they are not really duplicates but replies from different hosts to the same request. .Pp Damaged packets are obviously serious cause for alarm and often indicate broken hardware somewhere in the .Nm packet's path (in the network or in the hosts). .Sh TRYING DIFFERENT DATA PATTERNS The (inter)network layer should never treat packets differently depending on the data contained in the data portion. Unfortunately, data-dependent problems have been known to sneak into networks and remain undetected for long periods of time. In many cases the particular pattern that will have problems is something that does not have sufficient .Dq transitions , such as all ones or all zeros, or a pattern right at the edge, such as almost all zeros. It is not necessarily enough to specify a data pattern of all zeros (for example) on the command line because the pattern that is of interest is at the data link level, and the relationship between what you type and what the controllers transmit can be complicated. .Pp This means that if you have a data-dependent problem you will probably have to do a lot of testing to find it. If you are lucky, you may manage to find a file that either cannot be sent across your network or that takes much longer to transfer than other similar length files. You can then examine this file for repeated patterns that you can test using the .Fl p option of .Nm . .Sh IPv4 TTL DETAILS The TTL value of an IP packet represents the maximum number of IP routers that the packet can go through before being thrown away. In current practice you can expect each router in the Internet to decrement the TTL field by exactly one. .Pp The TCP/IP specification recommends setting the TTL field for IP packets to 64. .Pp The maximum possible value of this field is 255, and some .Ux systems set the TTL field of ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to 255. This is why you will find you can .Dq ping some hosts, but not reach them with .Xr telnet 1 or .Xr ftp 1 . .Pp In normal operation .Nm prints the ttl value from the packet it receives. When a remote system receives a ping packet, it can do one of three things with the TTL field in its response: .Bl -bullet .It Not change it; this is what .Bx systems did before the .Bx 4.3 tahoe release. In this case the TTL value in the received packet will be 255 minus the number of routers in the round-trip path. .It Set it to 64; this is what current .Fx systems do. In this case the TTL value in the received packet will be 64 minus the number of routers in the path .Em from the remote system .Em to the .Nm Ns Em ing host. .It Set it to some other value. Some machines use the same value for ICMP packets that they use for TCP packets, for example either 30 or 60. Others may use completely wild values. .El .Sh EXIT STATUS The .Nm utility exits with one of the following values: .Bl -tag -width indent .It 0 At least one response was heard from the specified .Ar host . .It 2 The transmission was successful but no responses were received. .It any other value An error occurred. .El .Sh EXAMPLES The following will send ICMPv6 echo request to .Li dst.example.com . .Bd -literal -offset indent ping -6 -n dst.example.com .Ed .Pp The following will probe hostnames for all nodes on the network link attached to .Li wi0 interface. The address .Li ff02::1 is named the link-local all-node multicast address, and the packet would reach every node on the network link. .Bd -literal -offset indent ping -6 -y ff02::1%wi0 .Ed .Pp The following will probe addresses assigned to the destination node, .Li dst.example.com . .Bd -literal -offset indent ping -6 -k agl dst.example.com .Ed .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr netstat 1 , .Xr icmp 4 , .Xr icmp6 4 , .Xr inet6 4 , .Xr ip6 4 , .Xr ifconfig 8 , .Xr routed 8 , .Xr traceroute 8 , .Xr traceroute6 8 .Rs .%A A. Conta .%A S. Deering .%T "Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification" .%N RFC 2463 .%D December 1998 .Re .Rs .%A Matt Crawford .%T "IPv6 Node Information Queries" .%N draft-ietf-ipngwg-icmp-name-lookups-09.txt .%D May 2002 .%O work in progress material .Re .Sh HISTORY The .Nm utility appeared in .Bx 4.3 . The .Nm ping6 utility with IPv6 support first appeared in the WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit. .Pp IPv6 and IPsec support based on the KAME Project .Pq Pa https://www.kame.net/ stack was initially integrated into .Fx 4.0 . .Pp The .Nm ping6 utility was merged to .Nm in Google Summer of Code 2019. .Sh AUTHORS The original .Nm utility was written by .An Mike Muuss while at the US Army Ballistics Research Laboratory. .Sh BUGS Many Hosts and Gateways ignore the IPv4 RECORD_ROUTE option. .Pp The maximum IP header length is too small for options like RECORD_ROUTE to be completely useful. .No There Ap s not much that can be done about this, however. .Pp Flood pinging is not recommended in general, and flood pinging the broadcast address should only be done under very controlled conditions. .Pp The .Fl v option is not worth much on busy hosts. diff --git a/sbin/ping/ping.c b/sbin/ping/ping.c index e6b1247af497..d9d544bc75c8 100644 --- a/sbin/ping/ping.c +++ b/sbin/ping/ping.c @@ -1,1683 +1,1684 @@ /*- * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause * * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. * * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by * Mike Muuss. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. */ /* * P I N G . C * * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility, * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths. * * Author - * Mike Muuss * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory * December, 1983 * * Status - * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. * Bugs - * More statistics could always be gathered. * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket. */ #include /* NB: we rely on this for */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef IPSEC #include #endif /*IPSEC*/ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "main.h" #include "ping.h" #include "utils.h" #define INADDR_LEN ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t)) #define TIMEVAL_LEN ((int)sizeof(struct tv32)) #define MASK_LEN (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN) #define TS_LEN (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN) #define DEFDATALEN 56 /* default data length */ #define FLOOD_BACKOFF 20000 /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */ /* runs out of buffer space */ -#define MAXIPLEN ((int)sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN) -#define MAXPAYLOAD (IP_MAXPACKET - MAXIPLEN - ICMP_MINLEN) +#define MAXIPLEN (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN) +#define MAXICMPLEN (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN) #define MAXWAIT 10000 /* max ms to wait for response */ #define MAXALARM (60 * 60) /* max seconds for alarm timeout */ #define MAXTOS 255 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */ #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */ #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit)) #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit))) #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit)) struct tv32 { int32_t tv32_sec; int32_t tv32_nsec; }; /* various options */ #define F_FLOOD 0x0001 #define F_INTERVAL 0x0002 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x0008 #define F_QUIET 0x0010 #define F_RROUTE 0x0020 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x0040 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x0080 #define F_VERBOSE 0x0100 #define F_QUIET2 0x0200 #define F_NOLOOP 0x0400 #define F_MTTL 0x0800 #define F_MIF 0x1000 #define F_AUDIBLE 0x2000 #ifdef IPSEC #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC #define F_POLICY 0x4000 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/ #endif /*IPSEC*/ #define F_TTL 0x8000 #define F_MISSED 0x10000 #define F_ONCE 0x20000 #define F_HDRINCL 0x40000 #define F_MASK 0x80000 #define F_TIME 0x100000 #define F_SWEEP 0x200000 #define F_WAITTIME 0x400000 #define F_IP_VLAN_PCP 0x800000 #define F_DOT 0x1000000 /* * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128 * to 8192 for complete accuracy... */ #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128) static int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK; static char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8]; static struct sockaddr_in whereto; /* who to ping */ static int datalen = DEFDATALEN; static int maxpayload; static int ssend; /* send socket file descriptor */ static int srecv; /* receive socket file descriptor */ static u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack; static char BBELL = '\a'; /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */ static char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */ static const char *DOT = "."; static size_t DOTlen = 1; static size_t DOTidx = 0; static char *shostname; static int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */ static int uid; /* cached uid for micro-optimization */ static u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; static u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY; static int phdr_len = 0; static int send_len; /* counters */ static long nmissedmax; /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */ static long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */ static long snpackets; /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */ static long sntransmitted; /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */ static int sweepmax; /* max value of payload in sweep */ static int sweepmin = 0; /* start value of payload in sweep */ static int sweepincr = 1; /* payload increment in sweep */ static int interval = 1000; /* interval between packets, ms */ static int waittime = MAXWAIT; /* timeout for each packet */ static cap_channel_t *capdns; static void fill(char *, char *); static cap_channel_t *capdns_setup(void); static void pinger(void); static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr); static char *pr_ntime(n_time); static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *, struct ip *, const u_char *const); static void pr_iph(struct ip *, const u_char *); static void pr_pack(char *, ssize_t, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timespec *); int ping(int argc, char *const *argv) { struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in; struct in_addr ifaddr; struct timespec last, intvl; struct iovec iov; struct msghdr msg; struct sigaction si_sa; size_t sz; u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET] __aligned(4); const char *errstr; char *ep, *source, *target, *payload; struct hostent *hp; #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC char *policy_in, *policy_out; #endif struct sockaddr_in *to; double t; u_long alarmtimeout; long long ltmp; int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload; int ssend_errno, srecv_errno, tos, ttl, pcp; char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timespec))]; char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; #ifdef IP_OPTIONS char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; /* record route space */ #endif unsigned char loop, mttl; payload = source = NULL; #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC policy_in = policy_out = NULL; #endif cap_rights_t rights; /* * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and * then drop our setuid bit. Save error reporting for * after arg parsing. * * Historicaly ping was using one socket 's' for sending and for * receiving. After capsicum(4) related changes we use two * sockets. It was done for special ping use case - when user * issue ping on multicast or broadcast address replies come * from different addresses, not from the address we * connect(2)'ed to, and send socket do not receive those * packets. */ ssend = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP); ssend_errno = errno; srecv = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP); srecv_errno = errno; if (setuid(getuid()) != 0) err(EX_NOPERM, "setuid() failed"); uid = getuid(); if (ssend < 0) { errno = ssend_errno; err(EX_OSERR, "ssend socket"); } if (srecv < 0) { errno = srecv_errno; err(EX_OSERR, "srecv socket"); } alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = pcp = 0; outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip); while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, PING4OPTS)) != -1) { switch(ch) { case '.': options |= F_DOT; if (optarg != NULL) { DOT = optarg; DOTlen = strlen(optarg); } break; case '4': /* This option is processed in main(). */ break; case 'A': options |= F_MISSED; break; case 'a': options |= F_AUDIBLE; break; case 'C': options |= F_IP_VLAN_PCP; ltmp = strtonum(optarg, -1, 7, &errstr); if (errstr != NULL) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid PCP: `%s'", optarg); pcp = ltmp; break; case 'c': ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, LONG_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr != NULL) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'", optarg); npackets = (long)ltmp; break; case 'D': options |= F_HDRINCL; df = 1; break; case 'd': options |= F_SO_DEBUG; break; case 'f': if (uid) { errno = EPERM; err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag"); } options |= F_FLOOD; options |= F_DOT; setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); break; case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */ ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr != NULL) { errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'", optarg); } sweepmax = (int)ltmp; if (uid != 0 && sweepmax > DEFDATALEN) { errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM, "packet size too large: %d > %u", sweepmax, DEFDATALEN); } options |= F_SWEEP; break; case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */ ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr != NULL) { errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'", optarg); } sweepmin = (int)ltmp; if (uid != 0 && sweepmin > DEFDATALEN) { errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM, "packet size too large: %d > %u", sweepmin, DEFDATALEN); } options |= F_SWEEP; break; case 'H': options |= F_HOSTNAME; break; case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */ ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr != NULL) { errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'", optarg); } sweepincr = (int)ltmp; if (uid != 0 && sweepincr > DEFDATALEN) { errc(EX_NOPERM, EPERM, "packet size too large: %d > %u", sweepincr, DEFDATALEN); } options |= F_SWEEP; break; case 'I': /* multicast interface */ if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast interface: `%s'", optarg); options |= F_MIF; break; case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */ t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0; if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'", optarg); options |= F_INTERVAL; interval = (int)t; if (uid && interval < 1000) { errno = EPERM; err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short"); } break; case 'L': options |= F_NOLOOP; loop = 0; break; case 'l': ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr != NULL) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg); if (uid) { errno = EPERM; err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag"); } preload = (int)ltmp; break; case 'M': switch(optarg[0]) { case 'M': case 'm': options |= F_MASK; break; case 'T': case 't': options |= F_TIME; break; default: errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]); break; } break; case 'm': /* TTL */ ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, MAXTTL, &errstr); if (errstr != NULL) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg); ttl = (int)ltmp; options |= F_TTL; break; case 'n': options &= ~F_HOSTNAME; break; case 'o': options |= F_ONCE; break; #ifdef IPSEC #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC case 'P': options |= F_POLICY; if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2)) policy_in = strdup(optarg); else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3)) policy_out = strdup(optarg); else errx(1, "invalid security policy"); break; #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/ #endif /*IPSEC*/ case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */ options |= F_PINGFILLED; payload = optarg; break; case 'Q': options |= F_QUIET2; break; case 'q': options |= F_QUIET; break; case 'R': options |= F_RROUTE; break; case 'r': options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE; break; case 'S': source = optarg; break; case 's': /* size of packet to send */ ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr != NULL) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'", optarg); datalen = (int)ltmp; - if (datalen > MAXPAYLOAD) { - errx(EX_USAGE, + if (uid != 0 && datalen > DEFDATALEN) { + errno = EPERM; + err(EX_NOPERM, "packet size too large: %d > %u", - datalen, MAXPAYLOAD); + datalen, DEFDATALEN); } break; case 'T': /* multicast TTL */ ltmp = strtonum(optarg, 0, MAXTTL, &errstr); if (errstr != NULL) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'", optarg); mttl = (unsigned char)ltmp; options |= F_MTTL; break; case 't': alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX)) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'", optarg); if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d", optarg, MAXALARM); { struct itimerval itv; timerclear(&itv.it_interval); timerclear(&itv.it_value); itv.it_value.tv_sec = (time_t)alarmtimeout; if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) != 0) err(1, "setitimer"); } break; case 'v': options |= F_VERBOSE; break; case 'W': /* wait ms for answer */ t = strtod(optarg, &ep); if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'", optarg); options |= F_WAITTIME; waittime = (int)t; break; case 'z': options |= F_HDRINCL; ltmp = strtol(optarg, &ep, 0); if (*ep || ep == optarg || ltmp > MAXTOS || ltmp < 0) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg); tos = ltmp; break; default: usage(); } } if (argc - optind != 1) usage(); target = argv[optind]; switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) { case 0: break; case F_MASK: icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ; icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY; phdr_len = MASK_LEN; if (!(options & F_QUIET)) (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n"); break; case F_TIME: icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP; icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY; phdr_len = TS_LEN; if (!(options & F_QUIET)) (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n"); break; default: errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive."); break; } icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len; if (options & F_RROUTE) icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN; maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len; if (datalen > maxpayload) errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen, maxpayload); send_len = icmp_len + datalen; datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN]; if (options & F_PINGFILLED) { fill((char *)datap, payload); } capdns = capdns_setup(); if (source) { bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in)); sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET; if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) { shostname = source; } else { hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, source, AF_INET); if (!hp) errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s", source, hstrerror(h_errno)); sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in; if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) || hp->h_length < 0) errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address"); memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr)); (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(snamebuf) - 1); snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0'; shostname = snamebuf; } if (bind(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) == -1) err(1, "bind"); } bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto)); to = &whereto; to->sin_family = AF_INET; to->sin_len = sizeof *to; if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) { hostname = target; } else { hp = cap_gethostbyname2(capdns, target, AF_INET); if (!hp) errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s", target, hstrerror(h_errno)); if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr)) errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address"); memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr); (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1); hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0'; hostname = hnamebuf; } /* From now on we will use only reverse DNS lookups. */ #ifdef WITH_CASPER if (capdns != NULL) { const char *types[1]; types[0] = "ADDR2NAME"; if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdns, types, 1) < 0) err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service"); } #endif if (connect(ssend, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)) != 0) err(1, "connect"); if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options"); if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr))) errx(EX_USAGE, "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination"); if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL) && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr))) errx(EX_USAGE, "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination"); if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN) /* can we time transfer */ timing = 1; if ((options & (F_PINGFILLED | F_SWEEP)) == 0) for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i) *datap++ = i; ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF; hold = 1; if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) { (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold)); (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold)); } if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE) (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold)); if (options & F_IP_VLAN_PCP) { (void)setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_VLAN_PCP, (char *)&pcp, sizeof(pcp)); } #ifdef IPSEC #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC if (options & F_POLICY) { char *buf; if (policy_in != NULL) { buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in)); if (buf == NULL) errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror()); if (setsockopt(srecv, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY, buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0) err(EX_CONFIG, "ipsec policy cannot be configured"); free(buf); } if (policy_out != NULL) { buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out)); if (buf == NULL) errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror()); if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY, buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0) err(EX_CONFIG, "ipsec policy cannot be configured"); free(buf); } } #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/ #endif /*IPSEC*/ if (options & F_HDRINCL) { struct ip ip; memcpy(&ip, outpackhdr, sizeof(ip)); if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) { mib[0] = CTL_NET; mib[1] = PF_INET; mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP; mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL; sz = sizeof(ttl); if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1) err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)"); } setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold)); ip.ip_v = IPVERSION; ip.ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2; ip.ip_tos = tos; ip.ip_id = 0; ip.ip_off = htons(df ? IP_DF : 0); ip.ip_ttl = ttl; ip.ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP; ip.ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY; ip.ip_dst = to->sin_addr; memcpy(outpackhdr, &ip, sizeof(ip)); } /* * Here we enter capability mode. Further down access to global * namespaces (e.g filesystem) is restricted (see capsicum(4)). * We must connect(2) our socket before this point. */ caph_cache_catpages(); if (caph_enter_casper() < 0) err(1, "caph_enter_casper"); cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT, CAP_SETSOCKOPT); if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0) err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv"); cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND, CAP_SETSOCKOPT); if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0) err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend"); /* record route option */ if (options & F_RROUTE) { #ifdef IP_OPTIONS bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace)); rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR; rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1; rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL; if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, sizeof(rspace)) < 0) err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS"); #else errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "record route not available in this implementation"); #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */ } if (options & F_TTL) { if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl, sizeof(ttl)) < 0) { err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL"); } } if (options & F_NOLOOP) { if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop, sizeof(loop)) < 0) { err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP"); } } if (options & F_MTTL) { if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl, sizeof(mttl)) < 0) { err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL"); } } if (options & F_MIF) { if (setsockopt(ssend, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr, sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) { err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF"); } } #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP { int on = 1; int ts_clock = SO_TS_MONOTONIC; if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0) err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP"); if (setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TS_CLOCK, &ts_clock, sizeof(ts_clock)) < 0) err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TS_CLOCK"); } #endif if (sweepmax) { if (sweepmin > sweepmax) errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be no less than the minimum packet size"); if (sweepmax > maxpayload - TIMEVAL_LEN) errx(EX_USAGE, "Invalid sweep maximum"); if (datalen != DEFDATALEN) errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive"); if (npackets > 0) { snpackets = npackets; npackets = 0; } else snpackets = 1; datalen = sweepmin; send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin; } if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax) errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified"); /* * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers. * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for * /etc/ethers. But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast * or multicast pings if they wish. */ /* * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead * as well. */ hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128; (void)setsockopt(srecv, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold)); /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */ cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_RECV, CAP_EVENT); if (caph_rights_limit(srecv, &rights) < 0) err(1, "cap_rights_limit srecv setsockopt"); if (uid == 0) (void)setsockopt(ssend, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold)); /* CAP_SETSOCKOPT removed */ cap_rights_init(&rights, CAP_SEND); if (caph_rights_limit(ssend, &rights) < 0) err(1, "cap_rights_limit ssend setsockopt"); if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) { (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname, inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr)); if (source) (void)printf(" from %s", shostname); if (sweepmax) (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n", sweepmin, sweepmax); else (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen); } else { if (sweepmax) (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n", hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax); else (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen); } /* * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics, * in particular with SA_RESTART not set. */ sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask); si_sa.sa_flags = 0; si_sa.sa_handler = onsignal; if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT"); seenint = 0; if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINFO"); seeninfo = 0; if (alarmtimeout > 0) { if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1) err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM"); } bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg)); msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from; msg.msg_iov = &iov; msg.msg_iovlen = 1; #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl; msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl); #endif iov.iov_base = packet; iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET; if (preload == 0) pinger(); /* send the first ping */ else { if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets) preload = npackets; while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */ pinger(); } (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last); if (options & F_FLOOD) { intvl.tv_sec = 0; intvl.tv_nsec = 10000000; } else { intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000; intvl.tv_nsec = interval % 1000 * 1000000; } almost_done = 0; while (seenint == 0) { struct timespec now, timeout; fd_set rfds; int n; ssize_t cc; /* signal handling */ if (seeninfo) { pr_summary(stderr); seeninfo = 0; continue; } if ((unsigned)srecv >= FD_SETSIZE) errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large"); FD_ZERO(&rfds); FD_SET(srecv, &rfds); (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now); timespecadd(&last, &intvl, &timeout); timespecsub(&timeout, &now, &timeout); if (timeout.tv_sec < 0) timespecclear(&timeout); n = pselect(srecv + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout, NULL); if (n < 0) continue; /* EINTR */ if (n == 1) { struct timespec *tv = NULL; #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP struct cmsghdr *cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg); #endif msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from); if ((cc = recvmsg(srecv, &msg, 0)) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; warn("recvmsg"); continue; } /* If we have a 0 byte read from recvfrom continue */ if (cc == 0) continue; #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP if (cmsg != NULL && cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP && cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) { /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */ memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now)); tv = &now; } #endif if (tv == NULL) { (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now); tv = &now; } pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv); if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) || (npackets && nreceived >= npackets)) break; } if (n == 0 || (options & F_FLOOD)) { if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) { if (datalen + sweepincr > sweepmax) break; for (i = 0; i < sweepincr; i++) *datap++ = i; datalen += sweepincr; send_len = icmp_len + datalen; sntransmitted = 0; } if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets) pinger(); else { if (almost_done) break; almost_done = 1; /* * If we're not transmitting any more packets, * change the timer to wait two round-trip times * if we've received any packets or (waittime) * milliseconds if we haven't. */ intvl.tv_nsec = 0; if (nreceived) { intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000; if (intvl.tv_sec == 0) intvl.tv_sec = 1; } else { intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000; intvl.tv_nsec = waittime % 1000 * 1000000; } } (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &last); if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) { nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1; if (options & F_MISSED) (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1); } } } pr_summary(stdout); exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2); } /* * pinger -- * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID, * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first TIMEVAL_LEN * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timespec" struct in * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time. */ static void pinger(void) { struct timespec now; struct tv32 tv32; struct icmp icp; int cc, i; u_char *packet; packet = outpack; memcpy(&icp, outpack, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len); icp.icmp_type = icmp_type; icp.icmp_code = 0; icp.icmp_cksum = 0; icp.icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted); icp.icmp_id = ident; /* ID */ CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck); if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) { (void)clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &now); /* * Truncate seconds down to 32 bits in order * to fit the timestamp within 8 bytes of the * packet. We're only concerned with * durations, not absolute times. */ tv32.tv32_sec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_sec); tv32.tv32_nsec = (uint32_t)htonl(now.tv_nsec); if (options & F_TIME) icp.icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60)) * 1000 + now.tv_nsec / 1000000); if (timing) bcopy((void *)&tv32, (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len], sizeof(tv32)); } memcpy(outpack, &icp, ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len); cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen; /* compute ICMP checksum here */ icp.icmp_cksum = in_cksum(outpack, cc); /* Update icmp_cksum in the raw packet data buffer. */ memcpy(outpack + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_cksum), &icp.icmp_cksum, sizeof(icp.icmp_cksum)); if (options & F_HDRINCL) { struct ip ip; cc += sizeof(struct ip); ip.ip_len = htons(cc); /* Update ip_len in the raw packet data buffer. */ memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_len), &ip.ip_len, sizeof(ip.ip_len)); ip.ip_sum = in_cksum(outpackhdr, cc); /* Update ip_sum in the raw packet data buffer. */ memcpy(outpackhdr + offsetof(struct ip, ip_sum), &ip.ip_sum, sizeof(ip.ip_sum)); packet = outpackhdr; } i = send(ssend, (char *)packet, cc, 0); if (i < 0 || i != cc) { if (i < 0) { if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) { usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF); return; } warn("sendto"); } else { warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes", hostname, i, cc); } } ntransmitted++; sntransmitted++; if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_DOT) (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT[DOTidx++ % DOTlen], 1); } /* * pr_pack -- * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!). */ static void pr_pack(char *buf, ssize_t cc, struct sockaddr_in *from, struct timespec *tv) { struct in_addr ina; u_char *cp, *dp, l; struct icmp icp; struct ip ip; const u_char *icmp_data_raw; ssize_t icmp_data_raw_len; double triptime; int dupflag, i, j, recv_len; int8_t hlen; uint16_t seq; static int old_rrlen; static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; struct ip oip; u_char oip_header_len; struct icmp oicmp; const u_char *oicmp_raw; /* * Get size of IP header of the received packet. * The header length is contained in the lower four bits of the first * byte and represents the number of 4 byte octets the header takes up. * * The IHL minimum value is 5 (20 bytes) and its maximum value is 15 * (60 bytes). */ memcpy(&l, buf, sizeof(l)); hlen = (l & 0x0f) << 2; /* Reject IP packets with a short header */ if (hlen < (int8_t) sizeof(struct ip)) { if (options & F_VERBOSE) warn("IHL too short (%d bytes) from %s", hlen, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr)); return; } memcpy(&ip, buf, sizeof(struct ip)); /* Check packet has enough data to carry a valid ICMP header */ recv_len = cc; if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) { if (options & F_VERBOSE) warn("packet too short (%zd bytes) from %s", cc, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr)); return; } icmp_data_raw_len = cc - (hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data)); icmp_data_raw = buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data); /* Now the ICMP part */ cc -= hlen; memcpy(&icp, buf + hlen, MIN((ssize_t)sizeof(icp), cc)); if (icp.icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) { if (icp.icmp_id != ident) return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */ ++nreceived; triptime = 0.0; if (timing) { struct timespec tv1; struct tv32 tv32; const u_char *tp; tp = icmp_data_raw + phdr_len; if ((size_t)(cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len) >= sizeof(tv1)) { /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */ memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32)); tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec); tv1.tv_nsec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_nsec); timespecsub(tv, &tv1, tv); triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 + ((double)tv->tv_nsec) / 1000000.0; if (triptime < 0) { warnx("time of day goes back (%.3f ms)," " clamping time to 0", triptime); triptime = 0; } tsum += triptime; tsumsq += triptime * triptime; if (triptime < tmin) tmin = triptime; if (triptime > tmax) tmax = triptime; } else timing = 0; } seq = ntohs(icp.icmp_seq); if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) { ++nrepeats; --nreceived; dupflag = 1; } else { SET(seq % mx_dup_ck); dupflag = 0; } if (options & F_QUIET) return; if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) { ++nrcvtimeout; return; } if (options & F_DOT) (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1); else { (void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, pr_addr(from->sin_addr), seq); (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip.ip_ttl); if (timing) (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime); if (dupflag) (void)printf(" (DUP!)"); if (options & F_AUDIBLE) (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1); if (options & F_MASK) { /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */ (void)printf(" mask=%s", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp.icmp_mask))); } if (options & F_TIME) { (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_otime)); (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_rtime)); (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp.icmp_ttime)); } if (recv_len != send_len) { (void)printf( "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d", recv_len, send_len); } /* check the data */ cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data) + phdr_len); dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len]; cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len; i = 0; if (timing) { /* don't check variable timestamp */ cp += TIMEVAL_LEN; dp += TIMEVAL_LEN; cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN; i += TIMEVAL_LEN; } for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) { if (*cp != *dp) { (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", i, *dp, *cp); (void)printf("\ncp:"); cp = (u_char*)(buf + hlen + offsetof(struct icmp, icmp_data)); for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { if ((i % 16) == 8) (void)printf("\n\t"); (void)printf(" %2x", *cp); } (void)printf("\ndp:"); cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN]; for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { if ((i % 16) == 8) (void)printf("\n\t"); (void)printf(" %2x", *cp); } break; } } } } else { /* * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY. * See if it's a reply to something that we sent. * We can compare IP destination, protocol, * and ICMP type and ID. * * Only print all the error messages if we are running * as root to avoid leaking information not normally * available to those not running as root. */ /* * If we don't have enough bytes for a quoted IP header and an * ICMP header then stop. */ if (icmp_data_raw_len < (ssize_t)(sizeof(struct ip) + sizeof(struct icmp))) { if (options & F_VERBOSE) warnx("quoted data too short (%zd bytes) from %s", icmp_data_raw_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr)); return; } memcpy(&oip_header_len, icmp_data_raw, sizeof(oip_header_len)); oip_header_len = (oip_header_len & 0x0f) << 2; /* Reject IP packets with a short header */ if (oip_header_len < sizeof(struct ip)) { if (options & F_VERBOSE) warnx("inner IHL too short (%d bytes) from %s", oip_header_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr)); return; } /* * Check against the actual IHL length, to protect against * quoated packets carrying IP options. */ if (icmp_data_raw_len < (ssize_t)(oip_header_len + sizeof(struct icmp))) { if (options & F_VERBOSE) warnx("inner packet too short (%zd bytes) from %s", icmp_data_raw_len, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr)); return; } memcpy(&oip, icmp_data_raw, sizeof(struct ip)); oicmp_raw = icmp_data_raw + oip_header_len; memcpy(&oicmp, oicmp_raw, sizeof(struct icmp)); if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) || (!(options & F_QUIET2) && (oip.ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) && (oip.ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) && (oicmp.icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) && (oicmp.icmp_id == ident))) { (void)printf("%zd bytes from %s: ", cc, pr_addr(from->sin_addr)); pr_icmph(&icp, &oip, icmp_data_raw); } else return; } /* Display any IP options */ cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip); for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp) switch (*cp) { case IPOPT_EOL: hlen = 0; break; case IPOPT_LSRR: case IPOPT_SSRR: (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ? "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: "); j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1; hlen -= 2; cp += 2; if (j >= INADDR_LEN && j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) { for (;;) { bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN); if (ina.s_addr == 0) (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); else (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ina)); hlen -= INADDR_LEN; cp += INADDR_LEN - 1; j -= INADDR_LEN; if (j < INADDR_LEN) break; (void)putchar('\n'); } } else (void)printf("\t(truncated route)"); break; case IPOPT_RR: j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN]; /* get length */ i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET]; /* and pointer */ hlen -= 2; cp += 2; if (i > j) i = j; i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1; if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) { old_rrlen = 0; continue; } if (i == old_rrlen && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i) && !(options & F_DOT)) { (void)printf("\t(same route)"); hlen -= i; cp += i; break; } old_rrlen = i; bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i); (void)printf("\nRR: "); if (i >= INADDR_LEN && i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) { for (;;) { bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN); if (ina.s_addr == 0) (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); else (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ina)); hlen -= INADDR_LEN; cp += INADDR_LEN - 1; i -= INADDR_LEN; if (i < INADDR_LEN) break; (void)putchar('\n'); } } else (void)printf("\t(truncated route)"); break; case IPOPT_NOP: (void)printf("\nNOP"); break; default: (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp); break; } if (!(options & F_DOT)) { (void)putchar('\n'); (void)fflush(stdout); } } /* * pr_icmph -- * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header. */ static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp, struct ip *oip, const u_char *const oicmp_raw) { switch(icp->icmp_type) { case ICMP_ECHOREPLY: (void)printf("Echo Reply\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ break; case ICMP_UNREACH: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n", ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu)); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB: (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n"); break; default: (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n", icp->icmp_code); break; } /* Print returned IP header information */ pr_iph(oip, oicmp_raw); break; case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH: (void)printf("Source Quench\n"); pr_iph(oip, oicmp_raw); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET: (void)printf("Redirect Network"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST: (void)printf("Redirect Host"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET: (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST: (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host"); break; default: (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); break; } (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr)); pr_iph(oip, oicmp_raw); break; case ICMP_ECHO: (void)printf("Echo Request\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ break; case ICMP_TIMXCEED: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS: (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n"); break; case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS: (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n"); break; default: (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n", icp->icmp_code); break; } pr_iph(oip, oicmp_raw); break; case ICMP_PARAMPROB: (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n", icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr); pr_iph(oip, oicmp_raw); break; case ICMP_TSTAMP: (void)printf("Timestamp\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ break; case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY: (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ break; case ICMP_IREQ: (void)printf("Information Request\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq */ break; case ICMP_IREQREPLY: (void)printf("Information Reply\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq */ break; case ICMP_MASKREQ: (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n"); break; case ICMP_MASKREPLY: (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n"); break; case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT: (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n"); break; case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT: (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n"); break; default: (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type); } } /* * pr_iph -- * Print an IP header with options. */ static void pr_iph(struct ip *ip, const u_char *cp) { struct in_addr dst_ina, src_ina; int hlen; hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; cp = cp + sizeof(struct ip); /* point to options */ memcpy(&src_ina, &ip->ip_src.s_addr, sizeof(src_ina)); memcpy(&dst_ina, &ip->ip_dst.s_addr, sizeof(dst_ina)); (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks %*s %*s", (int)strlen(inet_ntoa(src_ina)), "Src", (int)strlen(inet_ntoa(dst_ina)), "Dst"); if (hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip)) (void)printf(" Opts"); (void)putchar('\n'); (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x", ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len), ntohs(ip->ip_id)); (void)printf(" %1x %04x", (ntohs(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13, ntohs(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff); (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ntohs(ip->ip_sum)); (void)printf(" %s", inet_ntoa(src_ina)); (void)printf(" %s", inet_ntoa(dst_ina)); /* dump any option bytes */ if (hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip)) { (void)printf(" "); while (hlen-- > (int)sizeof(struct ip)) { (void)printf("%02x", *cp++); } } (void)putchar('\n'); } /* * pr_addr -- * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with * a hostname. */ static char * pr_addr(struct in_addr ina) { struct hostent *hp; static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; if (!(options & F_HOSTNAME)) return inet_ntoa(ina); hp = cap_gethostbyaddr(capdns, (char *)&ina, sizeof(ina), AF_INET); if (hp == NULL) return inet_ntoa(ina); (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name, inet_ntoa(ina)); return(buf); } static char * pr_ntime(n_time timestamp) { static char buf[11]; int hour, min, sec; sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000; hour = sec / 60 / 60; min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60; sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60; (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec); return (buf); } static void fill(char *bp, char *patp) { char *cp; int pat[16]; u_int ii, jj, kk; for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) { if (!isxdigit(*cp)) errx(EX_USAGE, "patterns must be specified as hex digits"); } ii = sscanf(patp, "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12], &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]); if (ii > 0) for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii) for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj]; if (!(options & F_QUIET)) { (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x"); for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF); (void)printf("\n"); } } static cap_channel_t * capdns_setup(void) { cap_channel_t *capcas, *capdnsloc; #ifdef WITH_CASPER const char *types[2]; int families[1]; #endif capcas = cap_init(); if (capcas == NULL) err(1, "unable to create casper process"); capdnsloc = cap_service_open(capcas, "system.dns"); /* Casper capability no longer needed. */ cap_close(capcas); if (capdnsloc == NULL) err(1, "unable to open system.dns service"); #ifdef WITH_CASPER types[0] = "NAME2ADDR"; types[1] = "ADDR2NAME"; if (cap_dns_type_limit(capdnsloc, types, 2) < 0) err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service"); families[0] = AF_INET; if (cap_dns_family_limit(capdnsloc, families, 1) < 0) err(1, "unable to limit access to system.dns service"); #endif return (capdnsloc); }