diff --git a/share/man/man7/ports.7 b/share/man/man7/ports.7 index c6f3d4b8c977..6e382140f106 100644 --- a/share/man/man7/ports.7 +++ b/share/man/man7/ports.7 @@ -1,764 +1,764 @@ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1997 David E. O'Brien .\" .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES .\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DEVELOPERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, .\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT .\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, .\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY .\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT .\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF .\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" -.Dd June 10, 2021 +.Dd July 22, 2021 .Dt PORTS 7 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm ports .Nd contributed applications .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Fx Ports Collection offers a simple way to compile and install third party applications. It is also used to build packages, to be installed using .Xr pkg 8 . .Pp The ports tree, typically located at .Pa /usr/ports , consists of subdirectories, one for each category; those in turn contain individual ports. Each port is a directory with metadata and patches necessary to make the original application source code compile and run on .Fx . Compiling an application is as simple as typing .Dq Li "make build" in the port directory. The .Pa Makefile automatically fetches the application source code, either from a local disk or the network, unpacks it, applies the patches, and compiles it. It also recursively handles dependencies \(em other pieces of software the port depends on in order to build and work. Afterwards, .Dq Li "make install" installs the application. .Pp The .Fx Ports Collection is maintained in several branches, which differ mostly by versions of software provided: the .Em main branch contains all the latest changes and corresponds to the .Em latest package set, while the .Em quarterly branches only provide critical fixes. The .Em main branch can be cloned and updated from the Git repository located at: .Pp .Lk https://git.FreeBSD.org/ports.git .Pp so eg: .Pp .Cm git clone https://git.FreeBSD.org/ports.git .Pp The .Em quarterly branches can be found in Git as branches like .Pa yyyyQn , where .Em yyyy indicates the year and .Em n indicates the quarter .Po 1 to 4 .Pc , eg: .Pp .Cm git clone -b 2021Q2 https://git.FreeBSD.org/ports.git .Pp It is generally a good idea to use the .Nm branch that matches the .Xr pkg 8 repository being used. By default, for .Fx CURRENT the .Xr pkg 8 is configured to install packages built from the .Em main branch, while for .Fx STABLE or RELEASE versions it is configured to install packages built from the latest .Em quarterly branch. Currently configured .Xr pkg 8 repository can be verified by looking at the .Em url field in .Cm pkg -vv output. .Pp For more information about using ports, see the .Dq "Packages and Ports" section in .Sm off .%B "The FreeBSD Handbook" .No \&: .Sm on .Pp .Lk https://docs.FreeBSD.org/en/books/handbook/ports/ .Pp For information about creating new ports, see .Sm off .%B "The Porter's Handbook" .No \&: .Sm on .Pp .Lk https://docs.FreeBSD.org/en/books/porters-handbook/ .Sh TARGETS Some of the .Xr make 1 targets work recursively through subdirectories. This lets you, for example, install all of the .Dq Li biology ports with one command. The targets that do this are .Cm build , checksum , clean , configure , .Cm depends , extract , fetch , install , and .Cm package . .Pp The following targets will be run automatically by each proceeding target in order. That is, .Cm build will be run (if necessary) by .Cm install , and so on all the way to .Cm fetch . Usually, you will only use the .Cm install target. .Bl -tag -width ".Cm configure" .It Cm config Configure .Va OPTIONS for this port using .Xr dialog4ports 1 . .It Cm fetch Fetch all of the files needed to build this port from the sites listed in .Va MASTER_SITES and .Va PATCH_SITES . See .Va FETCH_CMD , MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE and .Va MASTER_SITE_BACKUP . .It Cm checksum Verify that the fetched distfile's checksum matches the one the port was tested against. If the distfile's checksum does not match, it also fetches the distfiles which are missing or failed the checksum calculation. Defining .Va NO_CHECKSUM will skip this step. .It Cm depends Install (or compile if only compilation is necessary) any dependencies of the current port. When called by the .Cm extract or .Cm fetch targets, this is run in piecemeal as .Cm fetch-depends , build-depends , etc. Defining .Va NO_DEPENDS will skip this step. .It Cm extract Expand the distfile into a work directory. .It Cm patch Apply any patches that are necessary for the port. .It Cm configure Configure the port. Some ports will ask you questions during this stage. See .Va INTERACTIVE and .Va BATCH . .It Cm build Build the port. This is the same as calling the .Cm all target. .It Cm install Install the port and register it with the package system. This is all you really need to do. .It Cm install-missing-packages Install missing dependencies from packages instead of building them. .El .Pp The following targets are not run during the normal install process. .Bl -tag -width ".Cm fetch-recursive" .It Cm showconfig Display .Va OPTIONS config for this port. .It Cm showconfig-recursive Display .Va OPTIONS config for this port and all its dependencies. .It Cm rmconfig Remove .Va OPTIONS config for this port. .It Cm rmconfig-recursive Remove .Va OPTIONS config for this port and all its dependencies. .It Cm config-conditional Skip the ports which have already had their .Va OPTIONS configured. .It Cm config-recursive Configure .Va OPTIONS for this port and all its dependencies using .Xr dialog4ports 1 . .It Cm fetch-list Show list of files to be fetched in order to build the port. .It Cm fetch-recursive Fetch the distfiles of the port and all its dependencies. .It Cm fetch-recursive-list Show list of files that would be retrieved by .Cm fetch-recursive . .It Cm run-depends-list , build-depends-list Print a list of all the compile and run dependencies, and dependencies of those dependencies, by port directory. .It Cm all-depends-list Print a list of all dependencies for the port. .It Cm pretty-print-run-depends-list , pretty-print-build-depends-list Print a list of all the compile and run dependencies, and dependencies of those dependencies, by port name and version. .It Cm missing Print a list of missing dependencies to be installed for the port. .It Cm clean Remove the expanded source code. This recurses to dependencies unless .Va NOCLEANDEPENDS is defined. .It Cm distclean Remove the port's distfiles and perform the .Cm clean target. The .Cm clean portion recurses to dependencies unless .Va NOCLEANDEPENDS is defined, but the .Cm distclean portion never recurses (this is perhaps a bug). .It Cm reinstall Use this to restore a port after using .Xr pkg-delete 8 when you should have used .Cm deinstall . .It Cm deinstall Remove an installed port from the system, similar to .Xr pkg-delete 8 . .It Cm deinstall-all Remove all installed ports with the same .Va PKGORIGIN from the system. .It Cm package Make a binary package for the port. The port will be installed if it has not already been. The package is a -.Pa .txz +.Pa .pkg file that you can use to install the port on other machines with .Xr pkg-add 8 . If the directory specified by .Va PACKAGES does not exist, the package will be put in .Pa /usr/ports/category/port/work/pkg . See .Va PKGREPOSITORY and .Va PKGFILE for more information. .It Cm package-recursive Like .Cm package , but makes a package for each depending port as well. .It Cm package-name Prints the name with version of the port. .It Cm readmes Create a port's .Pa README.html . This can be used from .Pa /usr/ports to create a browsable web of all ports on your system! .It Cm search Search the .Pa INDEX file for the pattern specified by the .Va key (searches the port name, comment, and dependencies), .Va name (searches the port name only), .Va path (searches the port path), .Va info (searches the port info), .Va maint (searches the port maintainer), .Va cat (searches the port category), .Va bdeps (searches the port build-time dependency), .Va rdeps (searches the port run-time dependency), .Va www (searches the port web site) .Xr make 1 variables, and their exclusion counterparts: .Va xname , xkey etc. For example, one would type: .Pp .Dl "cd /usr/ports && make search name=query" .Pp to find all ports whose name matches .Dq Li query . Results include the matching ports' path, comment, maintainer, build dependencies, and run dependencies. .Bd -literal -offset indent cd /usr/ports && make search name=pear- \e xbdeps=apache .Ed .Pp To find all ports whose names contain .Dq Li pear- and which do not have apache listed in build-time dependencies. .Bd -literal -offset indent cd /usr/ports && make search name=pear- \e xname='ht(tp|ml)' .Ed .Pp To find all ports whose names contain .Dq Li pear- , but not .Dq Li html or .Dq Li http . .Bd -literal -offset indent make search key=apache display=name,path,info keylim=1 .Ed .Pp To find ports that contain .Dq Li apache in either of the name, path, info fields, ignore the rest of the record. .Pp By default the search is not case-sensitive. In order to make it case-sensitive you can use the .Va icase variable: .Bd -literal -offset indent make search name=p5-R icase=0 .Ed .It Cm quicksearch Reduced .Cm search output. Only display name, path and info. .It Cm describe Generate a one-line description of each port for use in the .Pa INDEX file. .It Cm maintainer Display the port maintainer's email address. .It Cm index Create .Pa /usr/ports/INDEX , which is used by the .Cm pretty-print-* and .Cm search targets. Running the .Cm index target will ensure your .Pa INDEX file is up to date with your ports tree. .It Cm fetchindex Fetch the .Pa INDEX file from the .Fx cluster. .El .Sh ENVIRONMENT You can change all of these. .Bl -tag -width ".Va MASTER_SITES" .It Va PORTSDIR Location of the ports tree. This is .Pa /usr/ports by default. .It Va WRKDIRPREFIX Where to create any temporary files. Useful if .Va PORTSDIR is read-only (perhaps mounted from a CD-ROM). .It Va DISTDIR Where to find/put distfiles, normally .Pa distfiles/ in .Va PORTSDIR . .It Va SU_CMD Command used to elevate privilege to configure and install a port. The unprivileged user must have write access to .Va WRKDIRPREFIX and .Va DISTDIR . The default is .Ql /usr/bin/su root -c . Many users set it to .Ql /usr/local/bin/sudo -E sh -c for convenience. .It Va PACKAGES Used only for the .Cm package target; the base directory for the packages tree, normally .Pa packages/ in .Va PORTSDIR . If this directory exists, the package tree will be (partially) constructed. This directory does not have to exist; if it does not, packages will be placed into the current directory, or you can define one of .Bl -tag -width ".Va PKGREPOSITORY" .It Va PKGREPOSITORY Directory to put the package in. .It Va PKGFILE The full path to the package. .El .It Va LOCALBASE Where existing things are installed and where to search for files when resolving dependencies (usually .Pa /usr/local ) . .It Va PREFIX Where to install this port (usually set to the same as .Va LOCALBASE ) . .It Va MASTER_SITES Primary sites for distribution files if not found locally. .It Va PATCH_SITES Primary locations for distribution patch files if not found locally. .It Va MASTER_SITE_FREEBSD If set, go to the master .Fx site for all files. .It Va MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE Try going to these sites for all files and patches, first. .It Va MASTER_SITE_BACKUP Try going to these sites for all files and patches, last. .It Va RANDOMIZE_MASTER_SITES Try the download locations in a random order. .It Va MASTER_SORT Sort the download locations according to user supplied pattern. Example: .Dl .dk .sunet.se .se dk.php.net .no .de heanet.dl.sourceforge.net .It Va MASTER_SITE_INDEX Where to get .Pa INDEX source built on .Fx cluster (for .Cm fetchindex target). Defaults to .Pa https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/ . .It Va FETCHINDEX Command to get .Pa INDEX (for .Cm fetchindex target). Defaults to .Dq Li "fetch -am" . .It Va NOCLEANDEPENDS If defined, do not let .Cm clean recurse to dependencies. .It Va FETCH_CMD Command to use to fetch files. Normally .Xr fetch 1 . .It Va FORCE_PKG_REGISTER If set, overwrite any existing package registration on the system. .It Va INTERACTIVE If defined, only operate on a port if it requires interaction. .It Va BATCH If defined, only operate on a port if it can be installed 100% automatically. .It Va DISABLE_VULNERABILITIES If defined, disable check for security vulnerabilities using .Xr pkg-audit 8 when installing new ports. .It Va NO_IGNORE If defined, allow installation of ports marked as .Aq Va FORBIDDEN . The default behavior of the Ports framework is to abort when the installation of a forbidden port is attempted. Of course, these ports may not work as expected, but if you really know what you are doing and are sure about installing a forbidden port, then .Va NO_IGNORE lets you do it. .It Va NO_CHECKSUM If defined, skip verifying the port's checksum. .It Va TRYBROKEN If defined, attempt to build a port even if it is marked as .Aq Va BROKEN . .It Va PORT_DBDIR Directory where the results of configuring .Va OPTIONS are stored. Defaults to .Pa /var/db/ports . Each port where .Va OPTIONS have been configured will have a uniquely named sub-directory, containing a single file .Pa options . .El .Sh MAKE VARIABLES The following list provides a name and short description for many of the variables that are used when building ports. More information on these and other related variables may be found in .Pa ${PORTSDIR}/Mk/* and the .Fx Porter's Handbook. .Bl -tag -width "WITH_CCACHE_BUILD" .It Va WITH_DEBUG .Pq Vt bool If set, debugging symbols are installed for ports binaries. .It Va WITH_DEBUG_PORTS A list of origins for which to set .Va WITH_DEBUG . .It Va DEBUG_FLAGS .Pq Default: Ql -g Additional .Va CFLAGS to set when .Va WITH_DEBUG is set. .It Va WITH_CCACHE_BUILD .Pq Vt bool If set, enables the use of .Xr ccache 1 for building ports. .It Va CCACHE_DIR Which directory to use for the .Xr ccache 1 data. .El .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk" -compact .It Pa /usr/ports The default ports directory. .It Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk The big Kahuna. .El .Sh EXAMPLES .Bl -tag -width 0n .It Sy Example 1\&: No Building and Installing a Port .Pp The following command builds and installs Emacs. .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic cd /usr/ports/editors/emacs .Li # Ic make install .Ed .It Sy Example 2\&: No Installing Dependencies with Xr pkg 8 .Pp The following example shows how to build and install a port without having to build its dependencies. Instead, the dependencies are downloaded via .Xr pkg 8 . .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic make install-missing-packages .Li # Ic make install .Ed .Pp It is especially useful, when the dependencies are costly in time and resources to build .Pq like Pa lang/rust . The drawback is that .Xr pkg 8 offers only packages built with the default set of .Va OPTIONS . .It Sy Example 3\&: No Building a Non-Default Flavor of a Port .Pp The following command builds a non-default flavor of a port. (In this case .Pa devel/py-pip is going to be built with Python 3.7 support.) .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic cd /usr/ports/devel/py-pip .Li # Ic env FLAVOR=py37 make build .Ed .It Sy Example 4\&: No Setting Ports Options via Xr make.conf 5 .Pp The following lines present various ways of configuring ports options via .Xr make.conf 5 (as an alternative to, e.g., running .Dq Li make config ) : .Bd -literal -offset 2n # Enable NLS for all ports unless configured otherwise # using the options dialog. OPTIONS_SET= NLS # Disable DOCS for all ports overriding the options set # via the options dialog. OPTIONS_UNSET_FORCE= DOCS # Disable DOCS and EXAMPLES for the shells/zsh port. shells_zsh_UNSET= DOCS EXAMPLES .Ed .Pp These and other options-related variables are documented in .Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.options.mk . .It Sy Example 5\&: No Setting Xr make 1 Variables for Specific Ports via Xr make.conf 5 .Pp The following example shows how to set arbitrary .Xr make 1 variables only specific ports: .Bd -literal -offset 2n # Set DISABLE_MAKE_JOBS for the lang/rust port: \&.if ${.CURDIR:M*/lang/rust} DISABLE_MAKE_JOBS= yes TRYBROKEN= yes \&.endif .Ed .It Sy Example 6\&: No Debugging Ports By default ports are built and packaged without debugging support (e.g., debugging symbols are stripped from binaries, optimization flags are used for compiling, verbose logging is disabled). Whether ports are built with debugging symbols can be controlled by the settings in .Xr make.conf 5 , e.g., .Bd -literal -offset 2n # Enable debugging for all ports. WITH_DEBUG= yes # Enable debugging for selected ports. WITH_DEBUG_PORTS= mail/dovecot security/krb5 .Ed .Pp It is also possible to use the debug variables on the command line: .Bd -literal -offset 2n .Li # Ic make -DWITH_DEBUG DEBUG_FLAGS="-g -O0" build .Ed .Pp See the .Sx MAKE VARIABLES section to learn more about the debug variables. .Pp To understand the details of what happens when the debug variables are set it is best to consult the files located at .Pa ${PORTSDIR}/Mk/* .Po Pa bsd.port.mk in particular .Pc . .Pp If debugging is enabled for a specific port, the ports framework will: .Bl -bullet .It Add .Va DEBUG_FLAGS (defaults to .Ql -g ) to .Va CFLAGS . .It Try to prevent the binaries from being stripped (including checking the install target to replace .Ql install-strip with .Ql install ) . Whether a binary has been stripped can be checked with .Xr file 1 . .It Try to enable other debugging features like debug build type or verbose logging. However, this is port-specific and the ports framework might not be aware of each supported debugging feature a given piece of software has to offer). .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr make 1 , .Xr make.conf 5 , .Xr development 7 , .Xr pkg 7 .Pp Additional developer documentation: .Bl -dash -width "" -offset indent .It .Xr portlint 1 .It .Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk .El .Pp Additional user documentation: .Bl -dash -width "" -offset indent .It .Xr pkg 8 .It .Lk "https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports" "Searchable index of all ports" .El .Sh HISTORY The Ports Collection appeared in .Fx 1.0 . It has since spread to .Nx and .Ox . .Sh AUTHORS .An -nosplit This manual page was originated by .An David O'Brien . .Sh BUGS Ports documentation is split over four places \(em .Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk , .%B "The Porter's Handbook" , the .Dq "Packages and Ports" chapter of .%B "The FreeBSD Handbook" , and this manual page.