diff --git a/crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.1 b/crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.1 index c760f91be14f..c392141ea127 100644 --- a/crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.1 +++ b/crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.1 @@ -1,1349 +1,1349 @@ -.\" $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.1,v 1.229 2023/07/23 20:04:45 naddy Exp $ +.\" $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.1,v 1.230 2023/09/04 10:29:58 job Exp $ .\" .\" Author: Tatu Ylonen .\" Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen , Espoo, Finland .\" All rights reserved .\" .\" As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software .\" can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this .\" software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is .\" incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be .\" called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell". .\" .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1999,2000 Markus Friedl. All rights reserved. .\" Copyright (c) 1999 Aaron Campbell. All rights reserved. .\" Copyright (c) 1999 Theo de Raadt. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES .\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. .\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, .\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT .\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, .\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY .\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT .\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF .\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" -.Dd $Mdocdate: July 23 2023 $ +.Dd $Mdocdate: September 4 2023 $ .Dt SSH-KEYGEN 1 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm ssh-keygen .Nd OpenSSH authentication key utility .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm ssh-keygen .Op Fl q .Op Fl a Ar rounds .Op Fl b Ar bits .Op Fl C Ar comment .Op Fl f Ar output_keyfile .Op Fl m Ar format .Op Fl N Ar new_passphrase .Op Fl O Ar option .Op Fl t Cm dsa | ecdsa | ecdsa-sk | ed25519 | ed25519-sk | rsa .Op Fl w Ar provider .Op Fl Z Ar cipher .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl p .Op Fl a Ar rounds .Op Fl f Ar keyfile .Op Fl m Ar format .Op Fl N Ar new_passphrase .Op Fl P Ar old_passphrase .Op Fl Z Ar cipher .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl i .Op Fl f Ar input_keyfile .Op Fl m Ar key_format .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl e .Op Fl f Ar input_keyfile .Op Fl m Ar key_format .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl y .Op Fl f Ar input_keyfile .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl c .Op Fl a Ar rounds .Op Fl C Ar comment .Op Fl f Ar keyfile .Op Fl P Ar passphrase .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl l .Op Fl v .Op Fl E Ar fingerprint_hash .Op Fl f Ar input_keyfile .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl B .Op Fl f Ar input_keyfile .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl D Ar pkcs11 .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl F Ar hostname .Op Fl lv .Op Fl f Ar known_hosts_file .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl H .Op Fl f Ar known_hosts_file .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl K .Op Fl a Ar rounds .Op Fl w Ar provider .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl R Ar hostname .Op Fl f Ar known_hosts_file .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl r Ar hostname .Op Fl g .Op Fl f Ar input_keyfile .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl M Cm generate .Op Fl O Ar option .Ar output_file .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl M Cm screen .Op Fl f Ar input_file .Op Fl O Ar option .Ar output_file .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl I Ar certificate_identity .Fl s Ar ca_key .Op Fl hU .Op Fl D Ar pkcs11_provider .Op Fl n Ar principals .Op Fl O Ar option .Op Fl V Ar validity_interval .Op Fl z Ar serial_number .Ar .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl L .Op Fl f Ar input_keyfile .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl A .Op Fl a Ar rounds .Op Fl f Ar prefix_path .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl k .Fl f Ar krl_file .Op Fl u .Op Fl s Ar ca_public .Op Fl z Ar version_number .Ar .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl Q .Op Fl l .Fl f Ar krl_file .Ar .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl Y Cm find-principals .Op Fl O Ar option .Fl s Ar signature_file .Fl f Ar allowed_signers_file .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl Y Cm match-principals .Fl I Ar signer_identity .Fl f Ar allowed_signers_file .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl Y Cm check-novalidate .Op Fl O Ar option .Fl n Ar namespace .Fl s Ar signature_file .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl Y Cm sign .Op Fl O Ar option .Fl f Ar key_file .Fl n Ar namespace .Ar .Nm ssh-keygen .Fl Y Cm verify .Op Fl O Ar option .Fl f Ar allowed_signers_file .Fl I Ar signer_identity .Fl n Ar namespace .Fl s Ar signature_file .Op Fl r Ar revocation_file .Sh DESCRIPTION .Nm generates, manages and converts authentication keys for .Xr ssh 1 . .Nm can create keys for use by SSH protocol version 2. .Pp The type of key to be generated is specified with the .Fl t option. If invoked without any arguments, .Nm -will generate an RSA key. +will generate an Ed25519 key. .Pp .Nm is also used to generate groups for use in Diffie-Hellman group exchange (DH-GEX). See the .Sx MODULI GENERATION section for details. .Pp Finally, .Nm can be used to generate and update Key Revocation Lists, and to test whether given keys have been revoked by one. See the .Sx KEY REVOCATION LISTS section for details. .Pp Normally each user wishing to use SSH with public key authentication runs this once to create the authentication key in .Pa ~/.ssh/id_dsa , .Pa ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa , .Pa ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk , .Pa ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 , .Pa ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk or .Pa ~/.ssh/id_rsa . Additionally, the system administrator may use this to generate host keys, as seen in .Pa /etc/rc . .Pp Normally this program generates the key and asks for a file in which to store the private key. The public key is stored in a file with the same name but .Dq .pub appended. The program also asks for a passphrase. The passphrase may be empty to indicate no passphrase (host keys must have an empty passphrase), or it may be a string of arbitrary length. A passphrase is similar to a password, except it can be a phrase with a series of words, punctuation, numbers, whitespace, or any string of characters you want. Good passphrases are 10-30 characters long, are not simple sentences or otherwise easily guessable (English prose has only 1-2 bits of entropy per character, and provides very bad passphrases), and contain a mix of upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and non-alphanumeric characters. The passphrase can be changed later by using the .Fl p option. .Pp There is no way to recover a lost passphrase. If the passphrase is lost or forgotten, a new key must be generated and the corresponding public key copied to other machines. .Pp .Nm will by default write keys in an OpenSSH-specific format. This format is preferred as it offers better protection for keys at rest as well as allowing storage of key comments within the private key file itself. The key comment may be useful to help identify the key. The comment is initialized to .Dq user@host when the key is created, but can be changed using the .Fl c option. .Pp It is still possible for .Nm to write the previously-used PEM format private keys using the .Fl m flag. This may be used when generating new keys, and existing new-format keys may be converted using this option in conjunction with the .Fl p (change passphrase) flag. .Pp After a key is generated, .Nm will ask where the keys should be placed to be activated. .Pp The options are as follows: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl A Generate host keys of all default key types (rsa, ecdsa, and ed25519) if they do not already exist. The host keys are generated with the default key file path, an empty passphrase, default bits for the key type, and default comment. If .Fl f has also been specified, its argument is used as a prefix to the default path for the resulting host key files. This is used by .Pa /etc/rc to generate new host keys. .It Fl a Ar rounds When saving a private key, this option specifies the number of KDF (key derivation function, currently .Xr bcrypt_pbkdf 3 ) rounds used. Higher numbers result in slower passphrase verification and increased resistance to brute-force password cracking (should the keys be stolen). The default is 16 rounds. .It Fl B Show the bubblebabble digest of specified private or public key file. .It Fl b Ar bits Specifies the number of bits in the key to create. For RSA keys, the minimum size is 1024 bits and the default is 3072 bits. Generally, 3072 bits is considered sufficient. DSA keys must be exactly 1024 bits as specified by FIPS 186-2. For ECDSA keys, the .Fl b flag determines the key length by selecting from one of three elliptic curve sizes: 256, 384 or 521 bits. Attempting to use bit lengths other than these three values for ECDSA keys will fail. ECDSA-SK, Ed25519 and Ed25519-SK keys have a fixed length and the .Fl b flag will be ignored. .It Fl C Ar comment Provides a new comment. .It Fl c Requests changing the comment in the private and public key files. The program will prompt for the file containing the private keys, for the passphrase if the key has one, and for the new comment. .It Fl D Ar pkcs11 Download the public keys provided by the PKCS#11 shared library .Ar pkcs11 . When used in combination with .Fl s , this option indicates that a CA key resides in a PKCS#11 token (see the .Sx CERTIFICATES section for details). .It Fl E Ar fingerprint_hash Specifies the hash algorithm used when displaying key fingerprints. Valid options are: .Dq md5 and .Dq sha256 . The default is .Dq sha256 . .It Fl e This option will read a private or public OpenSSH key file and print to stdout a public key in one of the formats specified by the .Fl m option. The default export format is .Dq RFC4716 . This option allows exporting OpenSSH keys for use by other programs, including several commercial SSH implementations. .It Fl F Ar hostname | [hostname]:port Search for the specified .Ar hostname (with optional port number) in a .Pa known_hosts file, listing any occurrences found. This option is useful to find hashed host names or addresses and may also be used in conjunction with the .Fl H option to print found keys in a hashed format. .It Fl f Ar filename Specifies the filename of the key file. .It Fl g Use generic DNS format when printing fingerprint resource records using the .Fl r command. .It Fl H Hash a .Pa known_hosts file. This replaces all hostnames and addresses with hashed representations within the specified file; the original content is moved to a file with a .old suffix. These hashes may be used normally by .Nm ssh and .Nm sshd , but they do not reveal identifying information should the file's contents be disclosed. This option will not modify existing hashed hostnames and is therefore safe to use on files that mix hashed and non-hashed names. .It Fl h When signing a key, create a host certificate instead of a user certificate. See the .Sx CERTIFICATES section for details. .It Fl I Ar certificate_identity Specify the key identity when signing a public key. See the .Sx CERTIFICATES section for details. .It Fl i This option will read an unencrypted private (or public) key file in the format specified by the .Fl m option and print an OpenSSH compatible private (or public) key to stdout. This option allows importing keys from other software, including several commercial SSH implementations. The default import format is .Dq RFC4716 . .It Fl K Download resident keys from a FIDO authenticator. Public and private key files will be written to the current directory for each downloaded key. If multiple FIDO authenticators are attached, keys will be downloaded from the first touched authenticator. See the .Sx FIDO AUTHENTICATOR section for more information. .It Fl k Generate a KRL file. In this mode, .Nm will generate a KRL file at the location specified via the .Fl f flag that revokes every key or certificate presented on the command line. Keys/certificates to be revoked may be specified by public key file or using the format described in the .Sx KEY REVOCATION LISTS section. .It Fl L Prints the contents of one or more certificates. .It Fl l Show fingerprint of specified public key file. For RSA and DSA keys .Nm tries to find the matching public key file and prints its fingerprint. If combined with .Fl v , a visual ASCII art representation of the key is supplied with the fingerprint. .It Fl M Cm generate Generate candidate Diffie-Hellman Group Exchange (DH-GEX) parameters for eventual use by the .Sq diffie-hellman-group-exchange-* key exchange methods. The numbers generated by this operation must be further screened before use. See the .Sx MODULI GENERATION section for more information. .It Fl M Cm screen Screen candidate parameters for Diffie-Hellman Group Exchange. This will accept a list of candidate numbers and test that they are safe (Sophie Germain) primes with acceptable group generators. The results of this operation may be added to the .Pa /etc/moduli file. See the .Sx MODULI GENERATION section for more information. .It Fl m Ar key_format Specify a key format for key generation, the .Fl i (import), .Fl e (export) conversion options, and the .Fl p change passphrase operation. The latter may be used to convert between OpenSSH private key and PEM private key formats. The supported key formats are: .Dq RFC4716 (RFC 4716/SSH2 public or private key), .Dq PKCS8 (PKCS8 public or private key) or .Dq PEM (PEM public key). By default OpenSSH will write newly-generated private keys in its own format, but when converting public keys for export the default format is .Dq RFC4716 . Setting a format of .Dq PEM when generating or updating a supported private key type will cause the key to be stored in the legacy PEM private key format. .It Fl N Ar new_passphrase Provides the new passphrase. .It Fl n Ar principals Specify one or more principals (user or host names) to be included in a certificate when signing a key. Multiple principals may be specified, separated by commas. See the .Sx CERTIFICATES section for details. .It Fl O Ar option Specify a key/value option. These are specific to the operation that .Nm has been requested to perform. .Pp When signing certificates, one of the options listed in the .Sx CERTIFICATES section may be specified here. .Pp When performing moduli generation or screening, one of the options listed in the .Sx MODULI GENERATION section may be specified. .Pp When generating FIDO authenticator-backed keys, the options listed in the .Sx FIDO AUTHENTICATOR section may be specified. .Pp When performing signature-related options using the .Fl Y flag, the following options are accepted: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Cm hashalg Ns = Ns Ar algorithm Selects the hash algorithm to use for hashing the message to be signed. Valid algorithms are .Dq sha256 and .Dq sha512. The default is .Dq sha512. .It Cm print-pubkey Print the full public key to standard output after signature verification. .It Cm verify-time Ns = Ns Ar timestamp Specifies a time to use when validating signatures instead of the current time. The time may be specified as a date or time in the YYYYMMDD[Z] or in YYYYMMDDHHMM[SS][Z] formats. Dates and times will be interpreted in the current system time zone unless suffixed with a Z character, which causes them to be interpreted in the UTC time zone. .El .Pp When generating SSHFP DNS records from public keys using the .Fl r flag, the following options are accepted: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Cm hashalg Ns = Ns Ar algorithm Selects a hash algorithm to use when printing SSHFP records using the .Fl D flag. Valid algorithms are .Dq sha1 and .Dq sha256 . The default is to print both. .El .Pp The .Fl O option may be specified multiple times. .It Fl P Ar passphrase Provides the (old) passphrase. .It Fl p Requests changing the passphrase of a private key file instead of creating a new private key. The program will prompt for the file containing the private key, for the old passphrase, and twice for the new passphrase. .It Fl Q Test whether keys have been revoked in a KRL. If the .Fl l option is also specified then the contents of the KRL will be printed. .It Fl q Silence .Nm ssh-keygen . .It Fl R Ar hostname | [hostname]:port Removes all keys belonging to the specified .Ar hostname (with optional port number) from a .Pa known_hosts file. This option is useful to delete hashed hosts (see the .Fl H option above). .It Fl r Ar hostname Print the SSHFP fingerprint resource record named .Ar hostname for the specified public key file. .It Fl s Ar ca_key Certify (sign) a public key using the specified CA key. See the .Sx CERTIFICATES section for details. .Pp When generating a KRL, .Fl s specifies a path to a CA public key file used to revoke certificates directly by key ID or serial number. See the .Sx KEY REVOCATION LISTS section for details. .It Fl t Cm dsa | ecdsa | ecdsa-sk | ed25519 | ed25519-sk | rsa Specifies the type of key to create. The possible values are .Dq dsa , .Dq ecdsa , .Dq ecdsa-sk , .Dq ed25519 , .Dq ed25519-sk , or .Dq rsa . .Pp This flag may also be used to specify the desired signature type when signing certificates using an RSA CA key. The available RSA signature variants are .Dq ssh-rsa (SHA1 signatures, not recommended), .Dq rsa-sha2-256 , and .Dq rsa-sha2-512 (the default). .It Fl U When used in combination with .Fl s or .Fl Y Cm sign , this option indicates that a CA key resides in a .Xr ssh-agent 1 . See the .Sx CERTIFICATES section for more information. .It Fl u Update a KRL. When specified with .Fl k , keys listed via the command line are added to the existing KRL rather than a new KRL being created. .It Fl V Ar validity_interval Specify a validity interval when signing a certificate. A validity interval may consist of a single time, indicating that the certificate is valid beginning now and expiring at that time, or may consist of two times separated by a colon to indicate an explicit time interval. .Pp The start time may be specified as: .Bl -bullet -compact .It The string .Dq always to indicate the certificate has no specified start time. .It A date or time in the system time zone formatted as YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMM[SS]. .It A date or time in the UTC time zone as YYYYMMDDZ or YYYYMMDDHHMM[SS]Z. .It A relative time before the current system time consisting of a minus sign followed by an interval in the format described in the TIME FORMATS section of .Xr sshd_config 5 . .It A raw seconds since epoch (Jan 1 1970 00:00:00 UTC) as a hexadecimal number beginning with .Dq 0x . .El .Pp The end time may be specified similarly to the start time: .Bl -bullet -compact .It The string .Dq forever to indicate the certificate has no specified end time. .It A date or time in the system time zone formatted as YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMM[SS]. .It A date or time in the UTC time zone as YYYYMMDDZ or YYYYMMDDHHMM[SS]Z. .It A relative time after the current system time consisting of a plus sign followed by an interval in the format described in the TIME FORMATS section of .Xr sshd_config 5 . .It A raw seconds since epoch (Jan 1 1970 00:00:00 UTC) as a hexadecimal number beginning with .Dq 0x . .El .Pp For example: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It +52w1d Valid from now to 52 weeks and one day from now. .It -4w:+4w Valid from four weeks ago to four weeks from now. .It 20100101123000:20110101123000 Valid from 12:30 PM, January 1st, 2010 to 12:30 PM, January 1st, 2011. .It 20100101123000Z:20110101123000Z Similar, but interpreted in the UTC time zone rather than the system time zone. .It -1d:20110101 Valid from yesterday to midnight, January 1st, 2011. .It 0x1:0x2000000000 Valid from roughly early 1970 to May 2033. .It -1m:forever Valid from one minute ago and never expiring. .El .It Fl v Verbose mode. Causes .Nm to print debugging messages about its progress. This is helpful for debugging moduli generation. Multiple .Fl v options increase the verbosity. The maximum is 3. .It Fl w Ar provider Specifies a path to a library that will be used when creating FIDO authenticator-hosted keys, overriding the default of using the internal USB HID support. .It Fl Y Cm find-principals Find the principal(s) associated with the public key of a signature, provided using the .Fl s flag in an authorized signers file provided using the .Fl f flag. The format of the allowed signers file is documented in the .Sx ALLOWED SIGNERS section below. If one or more matching principals are found, they are returned on standard output. .It Fl Y Cm match-principals Find principal matching the principal name provided using the .Fl I flag in the authorized signers file specified using the .Fl f flag. If one or more matching principals are found, they are returned on standard output. .It Fl Y Cm check-novalidate Checks that a signature generated using .Nm .Fl Y Cm sign has a valid structure. This does not validate if a signature comes from an authorized signer. When testing a signature, .Nm accepts a message on standard input and a signature namespace using .Fl n . A file containing the corresponding signature must also be supplied using the .Fl s flag. Successful testing of the signature is signalled by .Nm returning a zero exit status. .It Fl Y Cm sign Cryptographically sign a file or some data using an SSH key. When signing, .Nm accepts zero or more files to sign on the command-line - if no files are specified then .Nm will sign data presented on standard input. Signatures are written to the path of the input file with .Dq .sig appended, or to standard output if the message to be signed was read from standard input. .Pp The key used for signing is specified using the .Fl f option and may refer to either a private key, or a public key with the private half available via .Xr ssh-agent 1 . An additional signature namespace, used to prevent signature confusion across different domains of use (e.g. file signing vs email signing) must be provided via the .Fl n flag. Namespaces are arbitrary strings, and may include: .Dq file for file signing, .Dq email for email signing. For custom uses, it is recommended to use names following a NAMESPACE@YOUR.DOMAIN pattern to generate unambiguous namespaces. .It Fl Y Cm verify Request to verify a signature generated using .Nm .Fl Y Cm sign as described above. When verifying a signature, .Nm accepts a message on standard input and a signature namespace using .Fl n . A file containing the corresponding signature must also be supplied using the .Fl s flag, along with the identity of the signer using .Fl I and a list of allowed signers via the .Fl f flag. The format of the allowed signers file is documented in the .Sx ALLOWED SIGNERS section below. A file containing revoked keys can be passed using the .Fl r flag. The revocation file may be a KRL or a one-per-line list of public keys. Successful verification by an authorized signer is signalled by .Nm returning a zero exit status. .It Fl y This option will read a private OpenSSH format file and print an OpenSSH public key to stdout. .It Fl Z Ar cipher Specifies the cipher to use for encryption when writing an OpenSSH-format private key file. The list of available ciphers may be obtained using .Qq ssh -Q cipher . The default is .Dq aes256-ctr . .It Fl z Ar serial_number Specifies a serial number to be embedded in the certificate to distinguish this certificate from others from the same CA. If the .Ar serial_number is prefixed with a .Sq + character, then the serial number will be incremented for each certificate signed on a single command-line. The default serial number is zero. .Pp When generating a KRL, the .Fl z flag is used to specify a KRL version number. .El .Sh MODULI GENERATION .Nm may be used to generate groups for the Diffie-Hellman Group Exchange (DH-GEX) protocol. Generating these groups is a two-step process: first, candidate primes are generated using a fast, but memory intensive process. These candidate primes are then tested for suitability (a CPU-intensive process). .Pp Generation of primes is performed using the .Fl M Cm generate option. The desired length of the primes may be specified by the .Fl O Cm bits option. For example: .Pp .Dl # ssh-keygen -M generate -O bits=2048 moduli-2048.candidates .Pp By default, the search for primes begins at a random point in the desired length range. This may be overridden using the .Fl O Cm start option, which specifies a different start point (in hex). .Pp Once a set of candidates have been generated, they must be screened for suitability. This may be performed using the .Fl M Cm screen option. In this mode .Nm will read candidates from standard input (or a file specified using the .Fl f option). For example: .Pp .Dl # ssh-keygen -M screen -f moduli-2048.candidates moduli-2048 .Pp By default, each candidate will be subjected to 100 primality tests. This may be overridden using the .Fl O Cm prime-tests option. The DH generator value will be chosen automatically for the prime under consideration. If a specific generator is desired, it may be requested using the .Fl O Cm generator option. Valid generator values are 2, 3, and 5. .Pp Screened DH groups may be installed in .Pa /etc/moduli . It is important that this file contains moduli of a range of bit lengths. .Pp A number of options are available for moduli generation and screening via the .Fl O flag: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Ic lines Ns = Ns Ar number Exit after screening the specified number of lines while performing DH candidate screening. .It Ic start-line Ns = Ns Ar line-number Start screening at the specified line number while performing DH candidate screening. .It Ic checkpoint Ns = Ns Ar filename Write the last line processed to the specified file while performing DH candidate screening. This will be used to skip lines in the input file that have already been processed if the job is restarted. .It Ic memory Ns = Ns Ar mbytes Specify the amount of memory to use (in megabytes) when generating candidate moduli for DH-GEX. .It Ic start Ns = Ns Ar hex-value Specify start point (in hex) when generating candidate moduli for DH-GEX. .It Ic generator Ns = Ns Ar value Specify desired generator (in decimal) when testing candidate moduli for DH-GEX. .El .Sh CERTIFICATES .Nm supports signing of keys to produce certificates that may be used for user or host authentication. Certificates consist of a public key, some identity information, zero or more principal (user or host) names and a set of options that are signed by a Certification Authority (CA) key. Clients or servers may then trust only the CA key and verify its signature on a certificate rather than trusting many user/host keys. Note that OpenSSH certificates are a different, and much simpler, format to the X.509 certificates used in .Xr ssl 8 . .Pp .Nm supports two types of certificates: user and host. User certificates authenticate users to servers, whereas host certificates authenticate server hosts to users. To generate a user certificate: .Pp .Dl $ ssh-keygen -s /path/to/ca_key -I key_id /path/to/user_key.pub .Pp The resultant certificate will be placed in .Pa /path/to/user_key-cert.pub . A host certificate requires the .Fl h option: .Pp .Dl $ ssh-keygen -s /path/to/ca_key -I key_id -h /path/to/host_key.pub .Pp The host certificate will be output to .Pa /path/to/host_key-cert.pub . .Pp It is possible to sign using a CA key stored in a PKCS#11 token by providing the token library using .Fl D and identifying the CA key by providing its public half as an argument to .Fl s : .Pp .Dl $ ssh-keygen -s ca_key.pub -D libpkcs11.so -I key_id user_key.pub .Pp Similarly, it is possible for the CA key to be hosted in a .Xr ssh-agent 1 . This is indicated by the .Fl U flag and, again, the CA key must be identified by its public half. .Pp .Dl $ ssh-keygen -Us ca_key.pub -I key_id user_key.pub .Pp In all cases, .Ar key_id is a "key identifier" that is logged by the server when the certificate is used for authentication. .Pp Certificates may be limited to be valid for a set of principal (user/host) names. By default, generated certificates are valid for all users or hosts. To generate a certificate for a specified set of principals: .Pp .Dl $ ssh-keygen -s ca_key -I key_id -n user1,user2 user_key.pub .Dl "$ ssh-keygen -s ca_key -I key_id -h -n host.domain host_key.pub" .Pp Additional limitations on the validity and use of user certificates may be specified through certificate options. A certificate option may disable features of the SSH session, may be valid only when presented from particular source addresses or may force the use of a specific command. .Pp The options that are valid for user certificates are: .Pp .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact .It Ic clear Clear all enabled permissions. This is useful for clearing the default set of permissions so permissions may be added individually. .Pp .It Ic critical : Ns Ar name Ns Op Ns = Ns Ar contents .It Ic extension : Ns Ar name Ns Op Ns = Ns Ar contents Includes an arbitrary certificate critical option or extension. The specified .Ar name should include a domain suffix, e.g.\& .Dq name@example.com . If .Ar contents is specified then it is included as the contents of the extension/option encoded as a string, otherwise the extension/option is created with no contents (usually indicating a flag). Extensions may be ignored by a client or server that does not recognise them, whereas unknown critical options will cause the certificate to be refused. .Pp .It Ic force-command Ns = Ns Ar command Forces the execution of .Ar command instead of any shell or command specified by the user when the certificate is used for authentication. .Pp .It Ic no-agent-forwarding Disable .Xr ssh-agent 1 forwarding (permitted by default). .Pp .It Ic no-port-forwarding Disable port forwarding (permitted by default). .Pp .It Ic no-pty Disable PTY allocation (permitted by default). .Pp .It Ic no-user-rc Disable execution of .Pa ~/.ssh/rc by .Xr sshd 8 (permitted by default). .Pp .It Ic no-x11-forwarding Disable X11 forwarding (permitted by default). .Pp .It Ic permit-agent-forwarding Allows .Xr ssh-agent 1 forwarding. .Pp .It Ic permit-port-forwarding Allows port forwarding. .Pp .It Ic permit-pty Allows PTY allocation. .Pp .It Ic permit-user-rc Allows execution of .Pa ~/.ssh/rc by .Xr sshd 8 . .Pp .It Ic permit-X11-forwarding Allows X11 forwarding. .Pp .It Ic no-touch-required Do not require signatures made using this key include demonstration of user presence (e.g. by having the user touch the authenticator). This option only makes sense for the FIDO authenticator algorithms .Cm ecdsa-sk and .Cm ed25519-sk . .Pp .It Ic source-address Ns = Ns Ar address_list Restrict the source addresses from which the certificate is considered valid. The .Ar address_list is a comma-separated list of one or more address/netmask pairs in CIDR format. .Pp .It Ic verify-required Require signatures made using this key indicate that the user was first verified. This option only makes sense for the FIDO authenticator algorithms .Cm ecdsa-sk and .Cm ed25519-sk . Currently PIN authentication is the only supported verification method, but other methods may be supported in the future. .El .Pp At present, no standard options are valid for host keys. .Pp Finally, certificates may be defined with a validity lifetime. The .Fl V option allows specification of certificate start and end times. A certificate that is presented at a time outside this range will not be considered valid. By default, certificates are valid from the .Ux Epoch to the distant future. .Pp For certificates to be used for user or host authentication, the CA public key must be trusted by .Xr sshd 8 or .Xr ssh 1 . Refer to those manual pages for details. .Sh FIDO AUTHENTICATOR .Nm is able to generate FIDO authenticator-backed keys, after which they may be used much like any other key type supported by OpenSSH, so long as the hardware authenticator is attached when the keys are used. FIDO authenticators generally require the user to explicitly authorise operations by touching or tapping them. FIDO keys consist of two parts: a key handle part stored in the private key file on disk, and a per-device private key that is unique to each FIDO authenticator and that cannot be exported from the authenticator hardware. These are combined by the hardware at authentication time to derive the real key that is used to sign authentication challenges. Supported key types are .Cm ecdsa-sk and .Cm ed25519-sk . .Pp The options that are valid for FIDO keys are: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Cm application Override the default FIDO application/origin string of .Dq ssh: . This may be useful when generating host or domain-specific resident keys. The specified application string must begin with .Dq ssh: . .It Cm challenge Ns = Ns Ar path Specifies a path to a challenge string that will be passed to the FIDO authenticator during key generation. The challenge string may be used as part of an out-of-band protocol for key enrollment (a random challenge is used by default). .It Cm device Explicitly specify a .Xr fido 4 device to use, rather than letting the authenticator middleware select one. .It Cm no-touch-required Indicate that the generated private key should not require touch events (user presence) when making signatures. Note that .Xr sshd 8 will refuse such signatures by default, unless overridden via an authorized_keys option. .It Cm resident Indicate that the key handle should be stored on the FIDO authenticator itself. This makes it easier to use the authenticator on multiple computers. Resident keys may be supported on FIDO2 authenticators and typically require that a PIN be set on the authenticator prior to generation. Resident keys may be loaded off the authenticator using .Xr ssh-add 1 . Storing both parts of a key on a FIDO authenticator increases the likelihood of an attacker being able to use a stolen authenticator device. .It Cm user A username to be associated with a resident key, overriding the empty default username. Specifying a username may be useful when generating multiple resident keys for the same application name. .It Cm verify-required Indicate that this private key should require user verification for each signature. Not all FIDO authenticators support this option. Currently PIN authentication is the only supported verification method, but other methods may be supported in the future. .It Cm write-attestation Ns = Ns Ar path May be used at key generation time to record the attestation data returned from FIDO authenticators during key generation. This information is potentially sensitive. By default, this information is discarded. .El .Sh KEY REVOCATION LISTS .Nm is able to manage OpenSSH format Key Revocation Lists (KRLs). These binary files specify keys or certificates to be revoked using a compact format, taking as little as one bit per certificate if they are being revoked by serial number. .Pp KRLs may be generated using the .Fl k flag. This option reads one or more files from the command line and generates a new KRL. The files may either contain a KRL specification (see below) or public keys, listed one per line. Plain public keys are revoked by listing their hash or contents in the KRL and certificates revoked by serial number or key ID (if the serial is zero or not available). .Pp Revoking keys using a KRL specification offers explicit control over the types of record used to revoke keys and may be used to directly revoke certificates by serial number or key ID without having the complete original certificate on hand. A KRL specification consists of lines containing one of the following directives followed by a colon and some directive-specific information. .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Cm serial : Ar serial_number Ns Op - Ns Ar serial_number Revokes a certificate with the specified serial number. Serial numbers are 64-bit values, not including zero and may be expressed in decimal, hex or octal. If two serial numbers are specified separated by a hyphen, then the range of serial numbers including and between each is revoked. The CA key must have been specified on the .Nm command line using the .Fl s option. .It Cm id : Ar key_id Revokes a certificate with the specified key ID string. The CA key must have been specified on the .Nm command line using the .Fl s option. .It Cm key : Ar public_key Revokes the specified key. If a certificate is listed, then it is revoked as a plain public key. .It Cm sha1 : Ar public_key Revokes the specified key by including its SHA1 hash in the KRL. .It Cm sha256 : Ar public_key Revokes the specified key by including its SHA256 hash in the KRL. KRLs that revoke keys by SHA256 hash are not supported by OpenSSH versions prior to 7.9. .It Cm hash : Ar fingerprint Revokes a key using a fingerprint hash, as obtained from a .Xr sshd 8 authentication log message or the .Nm .Fl l flag. Only SHA256 fingerprints are supported here and resultant KRLs are not supported by OpenSSH versions prior to 7.9. .El .Pp KRLs may be updated using the .Fl u flag in addition to .Fl k . When this option is specified, keys listed via the command line are merged into the KRL, adding to those already there. .Pp It is also possible, given a KRL, to test whether it revokes a particular key (or keys). The .Fl Q flag will query an existing KRL, testing each key specified on the command line. If any key listed on the command line has been revoked (or an error encountered) then .Nm will exit with a non-zero exit status. A zero exit status will only be returned if no key was revoked. .Sh ALLOWED SIGNERS When verifying signatures, .Nm uses a simple list of identities and keys to determine whether a signature comes from an authorized source. This "allowed signers" file uses a format patterned after the AUTHORIZED_KEYS FILE FORMAT described in .Xr sshd 8 . Each line of the file contains the following space-separated fields: principals, options, keytype, base64-encoded key. Empty lines and lines starting with a .Ql # are ignored as comments. .Pp The principals field is a pattern-list (see PATTERNS in .Xr ssh_config 5 ) consisting of one or more comma-separated USER@DOMAIN identity patterns that are accepted for signing. When verifying, the identity presented via the .Fl I option must match a principals pattern in order for the corresponding key to be considered acceptable for verification. .Pp The options (if present) consist of comma-separated option specifications. No spaces are permitted, except within double quotes. The following option specifications are supported (note that option keywords are case-insensitive): .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Cm cert-authority Indicates that this key is accepted as a certificate authority (CA) and that certificates signed by this CA may be accepted for verification. .It Cm namespaces Ns = Ns "namespace-list" Specifies a pattern-list of namespaces that are accepted for this key. If this option is present, the signature namespace embedded in the signature object and presented on the verification command-line must match the specified list before the key will be considered acceptable. .It Cm valid-after Ns = Ns "timestamp" Indicates that the key is valid for use at or after the specified timestamp, which may be a date or time in the YYYYMMDD[Z] or YYYYMMDDHHMM[SS][Z] formats. Dates and times will be interpreted in the current system time zone unless suffixed with a Z character, which causes them to be interpreted in the UTC time zone. .It Cm valid-before Ns = Ns "timestamp" Indicates that the key is valid for use at or before the specified timestamp. .El .Pp When verifying signatures made by certificates, the expected principal name must match both the principals pattern in the allowed signers file and the principals embedded in the certificate itself. .Pp An example allowed signers file: .Bd -literal -offset 3n # Comments allowed at start of line user1@example.com,user2@example.com ssh-rsa AAAAX1... # A certificate authority, trusted for all principals in a domain. *@example.com cert-authority ssh-ed25519 AAAB4... # A key that is accepted only for file signing. user2@example.com namespaces="file" ssh-ed25519 AAA41... .Ed .Sh ENVIRONMENT .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Ev SSH_SK_PROVIDER Specifies a path to a library that will be used when loading any FIDO authenticator-hosted keys, overriding the default of using the built-in USB HID support. .El .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact .It Pa ~/.ssh/id_dsa .It Pa ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa .It Pa ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk .It Pa ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 .It Pa ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk .It Pa ~/.ssh/id_rsa Contains the DSA, ECDSA, authenticator-hosted ECDSA, Ed25519, authenticator-hosted Ed25519 or RSA authentication identity of the user. This file should not be readable by anyone but the user. It is possible to specify a passphrase when generating the key; that passphrase will be used to encrypt the private part of this file using 128-bit AES. This file is not automatically accessed by .Nm but it is offered as the default file for the private key. .Xr ssh 1 will read this file when a login attempt is made. .Pp .It Pa ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub .It Pa ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa.pub .It Pa ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa_sk.pub .It Pa ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub .It Pa ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_sk.pub .It Pa ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub Contains the DSA, ECDSA, authenticator-hosted ECDSA, Ed25519, authenticator-hosted Ed25519 or RSA public key for authentication. The contents of this file should be added to .Pa ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on all machines where the user wishes to log in using public key authentication. There is no need to keep the contents of this file secret. .Pp .It Pa /etc/moduli Contains Diffie-Hellman groups used for DH-GEX. The file format is described in .Xr moduli 5 . .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr ssh 1 , .Xr ssh-add 1 , .Xr ssh-agent 1 , .Xr moduli 5 , .Xr sshd 8 .Rs .%R RFC 4716 .%T "The Secure Shell (SSH) Public Key File Format" .%D 2006 .Re .Sh AUTHORS OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free ssh 1.2.12 release by Tatu Ylonen. Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos, Theo de Raadt and Dug Song removed many bugs, re-added newer features and created OpenSSH. Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH protocol versions 1.5 and 2.0. diff --git a/crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.c b/crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.c index 9ccea624cd90..5b945a849202 100644 --- a/crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.c +++ b/crypto/openssh/ssh-keygen.c @@ -1,3953 +1,3949 @@ -/* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.470 2023/07/17 04:01:10 djm Exp $ */ +/* $OpenBSD: ssh-keygen.c,v 1.471 2023/09/04 10:29:58 job Exp $ */ /* * Author: Tatu Ylonen * Copyright (c) 1994 Tatu Ylonen , Espoo, Finland * All rights reserved * Identity and host key generation and maintenance. * * As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software * can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this * software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is * incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be * called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell". */ #include "includes.h" #include #include #include #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL #include #include #include "openbsd-compat/openssl-compat.h" #endif #ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H # include #endif #include #include #include #ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H # include #endif #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "xmalloc.h" #include "sshkey.h" #include "authfile.h" #include "sshbuf.h" #include "pathnames.h" #include "log.h" #include "misc.h" #include "match.h" #include "hostfile.h" #include "dns.h" #include "ssh.h" #include "ssh2.h" #include "ssherr.h" #include "ssh-pkcs11.h" #include "atomicio.h" #include "krl.h" #include "digest.h" #include "utf8.h" #include "authfd.h" #include "sshsig.h" #include "ssh-sk.h" #include "sk-api.h" /* XXX for SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD; remove */ #include "cipher.h" -#ifdef WITH_OPENSSL -# define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "rsa" -#else -# define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "ed25519" -#endif +#define DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME "ed25519" /* * Default number of bits in the RSA, DSA and ECDSA keys. These value can be * overridden on the command line. * * These values, with the exception of DSA, provide security equivalent to at * least 128 bits of security according to NIST Special Publication 800-57: * Recommendation for Key Management Part 1 rev 4 section 5.6.1. * For DSA it (and FIPS-186-4 section 4.2) specifies that the only size for * which a 160bit hash is acceptable is 1kbit, and since ssh-dss specifies only * SHA1 we limit the DSA key size 1k bits. */ #define DEFAULT_BITS 3072 #define DEFAULT_BITS_DSA 1024 #define DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA 256 static int quiet = 0; /* Flag indicating that we just want to see the key fingerprint */ static int print_fingerprint = 0; static int print_bubblebabble = 0; /* Hash algorithm to use for fingerprints. */ static int fingerprint_hash = SSH_FP_HASH_DEFAULT; /* The identity file name, given on the command line or entered by the user. */ static char identity_file[PATH_MAX]; static int have_identity = 0; /* This is set to the passphrase if given on the command line. */ static char *identity_passphrase = NULL; /* This is set to the new passphrase if given on the command line. */ static char *identity_new_passphrase = NULL; /* Key type when certifying */ static u_int cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_USER; /* "key ID" of signed key */ static char *cert_key_id = NULL; /* Comma-separated list of principal names for certifying keys */ static char *cert_principals = NULL; /* Validity period for certificates */ static u_int64_t cert_valid_from = 0; static u_int64_t cert_valid_to = ~0ULL; /* Certificate options */ #define CERTOPT_X_FWD (1) #define CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD (1<<1) #define CERTOPT_PORT_FWD (1<<2) #define CERTOPT_PTY (1<<3) #define CERTOPT_USER_RC (1<<4) #define CERTOPT_NO_REQUIRE_USER_PRESENCE (1<<5) #define CERTOPT_REQUIRE_VERIFY (1<<6) #define CERTOPT_DEFAULT (CERTOPT_X_FWD|CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD| \ CERTOPT_PORT_FWD|CERTOPT_PTY|CERTOPT_USER_RC) static u_int32_t certflags_flags = CERTOPT_DEFAULT; static char *certflags_command = NULL; static char *certflags_src_addr = NULL; /* Arbitrary extensions specified by user */ struct cert_ext { char *key; char *val; int crit; }; static struct cert_ext *cert_ext; static size_t ncert_ext; /* Conversion to/from various formats */ enum { FMT_RFC4716, FMT_PKCS8, FMT_PEM } convert_format = FMT_RFC4716; static char *key_type_name = NULL; /* Load key from this PKCS#11 provider */ static char *pkcs11provider = NULL; /* FIDO/U2F provider to use */ static char *sk_provider = NULL; /* Format for writing private keys */ static int private_key_format = SSHKEY_PRIVATE_OPENSSH; /* Cipher for new-format private keys */ static char *openssh_format_cipher = NULL; /* Number of KDF rounds to derive new format keys. */ static int rounds = 0; /* argv0 */ extern char *__progname; static char hostname[NI_MAXHOST]; #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL /* moduli.c */ int gen_candidates(FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, BIGNUM *); int prime_test(FILE *, FILE *, u_int32_t, u_int32_t, char *, unsigned long, unsigned long); #endif static void type_bits_valid(int type, const char *name, u_int32_t *bitsp) { if (type == KEY_UNSPEC) fatal("unknown key type %s", key_type_name); if (*bitsp == 0) { #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL int nid; switch(type) { case KEY_DSA: *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_DSA; break; case KEY_ECDSA: if (name != NULL && (nid = sshkey_ecdsa_nid_from_name(name)) > 0) *bitsp = sshkey_curve_nid_to_bits(nid); if (*bitsp == 0) *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS_ECDSA; break; case KEY_RSA: *bitsp = DEFAULT_BITS; break; } #endif } #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL switch (type) { case KEY_DSA: if (*bitsp != 1024) fatal("Invalid DSA key length: must be 1024 bits"); break; case KEY_RSA: if (*bitsp < SSH_RSA_MINIMUM_MODULUS_SIZE) fatal("Invalid RSA key length: minimum is %d bits", SSH_RSA_MINIMUM_MODULUS_SIZE); else if (*bitsp > OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS) fatal("Invalid RSA key length: maximum is %d bits", OPENSSL_RSA_MAX_MODULUS_BITS); break; case KEY_ECDSA: if (sshkey_ecdsa_bits_to_nid(*bitsp) == -1) #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_NISTP521 fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length: valid lengths are " "256, 384 or 521 bits"); #else fatal("Invalid ECDSA key length: valid lengths are " "256 or 384 bits"); #endif } #endif } /* * Checks whether a file exists and, if so, asks the user whether they wish * to overwrite it. * Returns nonzero if the file does not already exist or if the user agrees to * overwrite, or zero otherwise. */ static int confirm_overwrite(const char *filename) { char yesno[3]; struct stat st; if (stat(filename, &st) != 0) return 1; printf("%s already exists.\n", filename); printf("Overwrite (y/n)? "); fflush(stdout); if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL) return 0; if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y') return 0; return 1; } static void ask_filename(struct passwd *pw, const char *prompt) { char buf[1024]; char *name = NULL; if (key_type_name == NULL) - name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA; + name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519; else { switch (sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name)) { case KEY_DSA_CERT: case KEY_DSA: name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_DSA; break; #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC case KEY_ECDSA_CERT: case KEY_ECDSA: name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA; break; case KEY_ECDSA_SK_CERT: case KEY_ECDSA_SK: name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ECDSA_SK; break; #endif case KEY_RSA_CERT: case KEY_RSA: name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_RSA; break; case KEY_ED25519: case KEY_ED25519_CERT: name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519; break; case KEY_ED25519_SK: case KEY_ED25519_SK_CERT: name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_ED25519_SK; break; case KEY_XMSS: case KEY_XMSS_CERT: name = _PATH_SSH_CLIENT_ID_XMSS; break; default: fatal("bad key type"); } } snprintf(identity_file, sizeof(identity_file), "%s/%s", pw->pw_dir, name); printf("%s (%s): ", prompt, identity_file); fflush(stdout); if (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) == NULL) exit(1); buf[strcspn(buf, "\n")] = '\0'; if (strcmp(buf, "") != 0) strlcpy(identity_file, buf, sizeof(identity_file)); have_identity = 1; } static struct sshkey * load_identity(const char *filename, char **commentp) { char *pass; struct sshkey *prv; int r; if (commentp != NULL) *commentp = NULL; if ((r = sshkey_load_private(filename, "", &prv, commentp)) == 0) return prv; if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE) fatal_r(r, "Load key \"%s\"", filename); if (identity_passphrase) pass = xstrdup(identity_passphrase); else pass = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN); r = sshkey_load_private(filename, pass, &prv, commentp); freezero(pass, strlen(pass)); if (r != 0) fatal_r(r, "Load key \"%s\"", filename); return prv; } #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN "---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----" #define SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END "---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----" #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN "---- BEGIN SSH2 ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY ----" #define SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC 0x3f6ff9eb #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL static void do_convert_to_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey *k) { struct sshbuf *b; char comment[61], *b64; int r; if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) fatal_f("sshbuf_new failed"); if ((r = sshkey_putb(k, b)) != 0) fatal_fr(r, "put key"); if ((b64 = sshbuf_dtob64_string(b, 1)) == NULL) fatal_f("sshbuf_dtob64_string failed"); /* Comment + surrounds must fit into 72 chars (RFC 4716 sec 3.3) */ snprintf(comment, sizeof(comment), "%u-bit %s, converted by %s@%s from OpenSSH", sshkey_size(k), sshkey_type(k), pw->pw_name, hostname); sshkey_free(k); sshbuf_free(b); fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_BEGIN); fprintf(stdout, "Comment: \"%s\"\n%s", comment, b64); fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", SSH_COM_PUBLIC_END); free(b64); exit(0); } static void do_convert_to_pkcs8(struct sshkey *k) { switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) { case KEY_RSA: if (!PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->rsa)) fatal("PEM_write_RSA_PUBKEY failed"); break; case KEY_DSA: if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa)) fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed"); break; #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC case KEY_ECDSA: if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa)) fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed"); break; #endif default: fatal_f("unsupported key type %s", sshkey_type(k)); } exit(0); } static void do_convert_to_pem(struct sshkey *k) { switch (sshkey_type_plain(k->type)) { case KEY_RSA: if (!PEM_write_RSAPublicKey(stdout, k->rsa)) fatal("PEM_write_RSAPublicKey failed"); break; case KEY_DSA: if (!PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY(stdout, k->dsa)) fatal("PEM_write_DSA_PUBKEY failed"); break; #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC case KEY_ECDSA: if (!PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY(stdout, k->ecdsa)) fatal("PEM_write_EC_PUBKEY failed"); break; #endif default: fatal_f("unsupported key type %s", sshkey_type(k)); } exit(0); } static void do_convert_to(struct passwd *pw) { struct sshkey *k; struct stat st; int r; if (!have_identity) ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is"); if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1) fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno)); if ((r = sshkey_load_public(identity_file, &k, NULL)) != 0) k = load_identity(identity_file, NULL); switch (convert_format) { case FMT_RFC4716: do_convert_to_ssh2(pw, k); break; case FMT_PKCS8: do_convert_to_pkcs8(k); break; case FMT_PEM: do_convert_to_pem(k); break; default: fatal_f("unknown key format %d", convert_format); } exit(0); } /* * This is almost exactly the bignum1 encoding, but with 32 bit for length * instead of 16. */ static void buffer_get_bignum_bits(struct sshbuf *b, BIGNUM *value) { u_int bytes, bignum_bits; int r; if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &bignum_bits)) != 0) fatal_fr(r, "parse"); bytes = (bignum_bits + 7) / 8; if (sshbuf_len(b) < bytes) fatal_f("input buffer too small: need %d have %zu", bytes, sshbuf_len(b)); if (BN_bin2bn(sshbuf_ptr(b), bytes, value) == NULL) fatal_f("BN_bin2bn failed"); if ((r = sshbuf_consume(b, bytes)) != 0) fatal_fr(r, "consume"); } static struct sshkey * do_convert_private_ssh2(struct sshbuf *b) { struct sshkey *key = NULL; char *type, *cipher; const char *alg = NULL; u_char e1, e2, e3, *sig = NULL, data[] = "abcde12345"; int r, rlen, ktype; u_int magic, i1, i2, i3, i4; size_t slen; u_long e; BIGNUM *dsa_p = NULL, *dsa_q = NULL, *dsa_g = NULL; BIGNUM *dsa_pub_key = NULL, *dsa_priv_key = NULL; BIGNUM *rsa_n = NULL, *rsa_e = NULL, *rsa_d = NULL; BIGNUM *rsa_p = NULL, *rsa_q = NULL, *rsa_iqmp = NULL; if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &magic)) != 0) fatal_fr(r, "parse magic"); if (magic != SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC) { error("bad magic 0x%x != 0x%x", magic, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_KEY_MAGIC); return NULL; } if ((r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i1)) != 0 || (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &type, NULL)) != 0 || (r = sshbuf_get_cstring(b, &cipher, NULL)) != 0 || (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i2)) != 0 || (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i3)) != 0 || (r = sshbuf_get_u32(b, &i4)) != 0) fatal_fr(r, "parse"); debug("ignore (%d %d %d %d)", i1, i2, i3, i4); if (strcmp(cipher, "none") != 0) { error("unsupported cipher %s", cipher); free(cipher); free(type); return NULL; } free(cipher); if (strstr(type, "dsa")) { ktype = KEY_DSA; } else if (strstr(type, "rsa")) { ktype = KEY_RSA; } else { free(type); return NULL; } if ((key = sshkey_new(ktype)) == NULL) fatal("sshkey_new failed"); free(type); switch (key->type) { case KEY_DSA: if ((dsa_p = BN_new()) == NULL || (dsa_q = BN_new()) == NULL || (dsa_g = BN_new()) == NULL || (dsa_pub_key = BN_new()) == NULL || (dsa_priv_key = BN_new()) == NULL) fatal_f("BN_new"); buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_p); buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_g); buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_q); buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_pub_key); buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, dsa_priv_key); if (!DSA_set0_pqg(key->dsa, dsa_p, dsa_q, dsa_g)) fatal_f("DSA_set0_pqg failed"); dsa_p = dsa_q = dsa_g = NULL; /* transferred */ if (!DSA_set0_key(key->dsa, dsa_pub_key, dsa_priv_key)) fatal_f("DSA_set0_key failed"); dsa_pub_key = dsa_priv_key = NULL; /* transferred */ break; case KEY_RSA: if ((r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e1)) != 0 || (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e2)) != 0) || (e1 < 30 && (r = sshbuf_get_u8(b, &e3)) != 0)) fatal_fr(r, "parse RSA"); e = e1; debug("e %lx", e); if (e < 30) { e <<= 8; e += e2; debug("e %lx", e); e <<= 8; e += e3; debug("e %lx", e); } if ((rsa_e = BN_new()) == NULL) fatal_f("BN_new"); if (!BN_set_word(rsa_e, e)) { BN_clear_free(rsa_e); sshkey_free(key); return NULL; } if ((rsa_n = BN_new()) == NULL || (rsa_d = BN_new()) == NULL || (rsa_p = BN_new()) == NULL || (rsa_q = BN_new()) == NULL || (rsa_iqmp = BN_new()) == NULL) fatal_f("BN_new"); buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_d); buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_n); buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_iqmp); buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_q); buffer_get_bignum_bits(b, rsa_p); if (!RSA_set0_key(key->rsa, rsa_n, rsa_e, rsa_d)) fatal_f("RSA_set0_key failed"); rsa_n = rsa_e = rsa_d = NULL; /* transferred */ if (!RSA_set0_factors(key->rsa, rsa_p, rsa_q)) fatal_f("RSA_set0_factors failed"); rsa_p = rsa_q = NULL; /* transferred */ if ((r = ssh_rsa_complete_crt_parameters(key, rsa_iqmp)) != 0) fatal_fr(r, "generate RSA parameters"); BN_clear_free(rsa_iqmp); alg = "rsa-sha2-256"; break; } rlen = sshbuf_len(b); if (rlen != 0) error_f("remaining bytes in key blob %d", rlen); /* try the key */ if ((r = sshkey_sign(key, &sig, &slen, data, sizeof(data), alg, NULL, NULL, 0)) != 0) error_fr(r, "signing with converted key failed"); else if ((r = sshkey_verify(key, sig, slen, data, sizeof(data), alg, 0, NULL)) != 0) error_fr(r, "verification with converted key failed"); if (r != 0) { sshkey_free(key); free(sig); return NULL; } free(sig); return key; } static int get_line(FILE *fp, char *line, size_t len) { int c; size_t pos = 0; line[0] = '\0'; while ((c = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) { if (pos >= len - 1) fatal("input line too long."); switch (c) { case '\r': c = fgetc(fp); if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && ungetc(c, fp) == EOF) fatal("unget: %s", strerror(errno)); return pos; case '\n': return pos; } line[pos++] = c; line[pos] = '\0'; } /* We reached EOF */ return -1; } static void do_convert_from_ssh2(struct passwd *pw, struct sshkey **k, int *private) { int r, blen, escaped = 0; u_int len; char line[1024]; struct sshbuf *buf; char encoded[8096]; FILE *fp; if ((buf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) fatal("sshbuf_new failed"); if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno)); encoded[0] = '\0'; while ((blen = get_line(fp, line, sizeof(line))) != -1) { if (blen > 0 && line[blen - 1] == '\\') escaped++; if (strncmp(line, "----", 4) == 0 || strstr(line, ": ") != NULL) { if (strstr(line, SSH_COM_PRIVATE_BEGIN) != NULL) *private = 1; if (strstr(line, " END ") != NULL) { break; } /* fprintf(stderr, "ignore: %s", line); */ continue; } if (escaped) { escaped--; /* fprintf(stderr, "escaped: %s", line); */ continue; } strlcat(encoded, line, sizeof(encoded)); } len = strlen(encoded); if (((len % 4) == 3) && (encoded[len-1] == '=') && (encoded[len-2] == '=') && (encoded[len-3] == '=')) encoded[len-3] = '\0'; if ((r = sshbuf_b64tod(buf, encoded)) != 0) fatal_fr(r, "base64 decode"); if (*private) { if ((*k = do_convert_private_ssh2(buf)) == NULL) fatal_f("private key conversion failed"); } else if ((r = sshkey_fromb(buf, k)) != 0) fatal_fr(r, "parse key"); sshbuf_free(buf); fclose(fp); } static void do_convert_from_pkcs8(struct sshkey **k, int *private) { EVP_PKEY *pubkey; FILE *fp; if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno)); if ((pubkey = PEM_read_PUBKEY(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) { fatal_f("%s is not a recognised public key format", identity_file); } fclose(fp); switch (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pubkey)) { case EVP_PKEY_RSA: if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL) fatal("sshkey_new failed"); (*k)->type = KEY_RSA; (*k)->rsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(pubkey); break; case EVP_PKEY_DSA: if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL) fatal("sshkey_new failed"); (*k)->type = KEY_DSA; (*k)->dsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_DSA(pubkey); break; #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC case EVP_PKEY_EC: if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL) fatal("sshkey_new failed"); (*k)->type = KEY_ECDSA; (*k)->ecdsa = EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubkey); (*k)->ecdsa_nid = sshkey_ecdsa_key_to_nid((*k)->ecdsa); break; #endif default: fatal_f("unsupported pubkey type %d", EVP_PKEY_base_id(pubkey)); } EVP_PKEY_free(pubkey); return; } static void do_convert_from_pem(struct sshkey **k, int *private) { FILE *fp; RSA *rsa; if ((fp = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno)); if ((rsa = PEM_read_RSAPublicKey(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != NULL) { if ((*k = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL) fatal("sshkey_new failed"); (*k)->type = KEY_RSA; (*k)->rsa = rsa; fclose(fp); return; } fatal_f("unrecognised raw private key format"); } static void do_convert_from(struct passwd *pw) { struct sshkey *k = NULL; int r, private = 0, ok = 0; struct stat st; if (!have_identity) ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is"); if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1) fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno)); switch (convert_format) { case FMT_RFC4716: do_convert_from_ssh2(pw, &k, &private); break; case FMT_PKCS8: do_convert_from_pkcs8(&k, &private); break; case FMT_PEM: do_convert_from_pem(&k, &private); break; default: fatal_f("unknown key format %d", convert_format); } if (!private) { if ((r = sshkey_write(k, stdout)) == 0) ok = 1; if (ok) fprintf(stdout, "\n"); } else { switch (k->type) { case KEY_DSA: ok = PEM_write_DSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->dsa, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL); break; #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC case KEY_ECDSA: ok = PEM_write_ECPrivateKey(stdout, k->ecdsa, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL); break; #endif case KEY_RSA: ok = PEM_write_RSAPrivateKey(stdout, k->rsa, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL); break; default: fatal_f("unsupported key type %s", sshkey_type(k)); } } if (!ok) fatal("key write failed"); sshkey_free(k); exit(0); } #endif static void do_print_public(struct passwd *pw) { struct sshkey *prv; struct stat st; int r; char *comment = NULL; if (!have_identity) ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is"); if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1) fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno)); prv = load_identity(identity_file, &comment); if ((r = sshkey_write(prv, stdout)) != 0) fatal_fr(r, "write key"); if (comment != NULL && *comment != '\0') fprintf(stdout, " %s", comment); fprintf(stdout, "\n"); if (sshkey_is_sk(prv)) { debug("sk_application: \"%s\", sk_flags 0x%02x", prv->sk_application, prv->sk_flags); } sshkey_free(prv); free(comment); exit(0); } static void do_download(struct passwd *pw) { #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11 struct sshkey **keys = NULL; int i, nkeys; enum sshkey_fp_rep rep; int fptype; char *fp, *ra, **comments = NULL; fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash; rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT; pkcs11_init(1); nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, NULL, &keys, &comments); if (nkeys <= 0) fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11"); for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) { if (print_fingerprint) { fp = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fptype, rep); ra = sshkey_fingerprint(keys[i], fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART); if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL) fatal_f("sshkey_fingerprint fail"); printf("%u %s %s (PKCS11 key)\n", sshkey_size(keys[i]), fp, sshkey_type(keys[i])); if (log_level_get() >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE) printf("%s\n", ra); free(ra); free(fp); } else { (void) sshkey_write(keys[i], stdout); /* XXX check */ fprintf(stdout, "%s%s\n", *(comments[i]) == '\0' ? "" : " ", comments[i]); } free(comments[i]); sshkey_free(keys[i]); } free(comments); free(keys); pkcs11_terminate(); exit(0); #else fatal("no pkcs11 support"); #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */ } static struct sshkey * try_read_key(char **cpp) { struct sshkey *ret; int r; if ((ret = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL) fatal("sshkey_new failed"); if ((r = sshkey_read(ret, cpp)) == 0) return ret; /* Not a key */ sshkey_free(ret); return NULL; } static void fingerprint_one_key(const struct sshkey *public, const char *comment) { char *fp = NULL, *ra = NULL; enum sshkey_fp_rep rep; int fptype; fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash; rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT; fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fptype, rep); ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART); if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL) fatal_f("sshkey_fingerprint failed"); mprintf("%u %s %s (%s)\n", sshkey_size(public), fp, comment ? comment : "no comment", sshkey_type(public)); if (log_level_get() >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE) printf("%s\n", ra); free(ra); free(fp); } static void fingerprint_private(const char *path) { struct stat st; char *comment = NULL; struct sshkey *privkey = NULL, *pubkey = NULL; int r; if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1) fatal("%s: %s", path, strerror(errno)); if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &pubkey, &comment)) != 0) debug_r(r, "load public \"%s\"", path); if (pubkey == NULL || comment == NULL || *comment == '\0') { free(comment); if ((r = sshkey_load_private(path, NULL, &privkey, &comment)) != 0) debug_r(r, "load private \"%s\"", path); } if (pubkey == NULL && privkey == NULL) fatal("%s is not a key file.", path); fingerprint_one_key(pubkey == NULL ? privkey : pubkey, comment); sshkey_free(pubkey); sshkey_free(privkey); free(comment); } static void do_fingerprint(struct passwd *pw) { FILE *f; struct sshkey *public = NULL; char *comment = NULL, *cp, *ep, *line = NULL; size_t linesize = 0; int i, invalid = 1; const char *path; u_long lnum = 0; if (!have_identity) ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is"); path = identity_file; if (strcmp(identity_file, "-") == 0) { f = stdin; path = "(stdin)"; } else if ((f = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL) fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, path, strerror(errno)); while (getline(&line, &linesize, f) != -1) { lnum++; cp = line; cp[strcspn(cp, "\n")] = '\0'; /* Trim leading space and comments */ cp = line + strspn(line, " \t"); if (*cp == '#' || *cp == '\0') continue; /* * Input may be plain keys, private keys, authorized_keys * or known_hosts. */ /* * Try private keys first. Assume a key is private if * "SSH PRIVATE KEY" appears on the first line and we're * not reading from stdin (XXX support private keys on stdin). */ if (lnum == 1 && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0 && strstr(cp, "PRIVATE KEY") != NULL) { free(line); fclose(f); fingerprint_private(path); exit(0); } /* * If it's not a private key, then this must be prepared to * accept a public key prefixed with a hostname or options. * Try a bare key first, otherwise skip the leading stuff. */ comment = NULL; if ((public = try_read_key(&cp)) == NULL) { i = strtol(cp, &ep, 10); if (i == 0 || ep == NULL || (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')) { int quoted = 0; comment = cp; for (; *cp && (quoted || (*cp != ' ' && *cp != '\t')); cp++) { if (*cp == '\\' && cp[1] == '"') cp++; /* Skip both */ else if (*cp == '"') quoted = !quoted; } if (!*cp) continue; *cp++ = '\0'; } } /* Retry after parsing leading hostname/key options */ if (public == NULL && (public = try_read_key(&cp)) == NULL) { debug("%s:%lu: not a public key", path, lnum); continue; } /* Find trailing comment, if any */ for (; *cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t'; cp++) ; if (*cp != '\0' && *cp != '#') comment = cp; fingerprint_one_key(public, comment); sshkey_free(public); invalid = 0; /* One good key in the file is sufficient */ } fclose(f); free(line); if (invalid) fatal("%s is not a public key file.", path); exit(0); } static void do_gen_all_hostkeys(struct passwd *pw) { struct { char *key_type; char *key_type_display; char *path; } key_types[] = { #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL { "rsa", "RSA" ,_PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE }, #ifdef OPENSSL_HAS_ECC { "ecdsa", "ECDSA",_PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE }, #endif /* OPENSSL_HAS_ECC */ #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */ { "ed25519", "ED25519",_PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE }, #ifdef WITH_XMSS { "xmss", "XMSS",_PATH_HOST_XMSS_KEY_FILE }, #endif /* WITH_XMSS */ { NULL, NULL, NULL } }; u_int32_t bits = 0; int first = 0; struct stat st; struct sshkey *private, *public; char comment[1024], *prv_tmp, *pub_tmp, *prv_file, *pub_file; int i, type, fd, r; for (i = 0; key_types[i].key_type; i++) { public = private = NULL; prv_tmp = pub_tmp = prv_file = pub_file = NULL; xasprintf(&prv_file, "%s%s", identity_file, key_types[i].path); /* Check whether private key exists and is not zero-length */ if (stat(prv_file, &st) == 0) { if (st.st_size != 0) goto next; } else if (errno != ENOENT) { error("Could not stat %s: %s", key_types[i].path, strerror(errno)); goto failnext; } /* * Private key doesn't exist or is invalid; proceed with * key generation. */ xasprintf(&prv_tmp, "%s%s.XXXXXXXXXX", identity_file, key_types[i].path); xasprintf(&pub_tmp, "%s%s.pub.XXXXXXXXXX", identity_file, key_types[i].path); xasprintf(&pub_file, "%s%s.pub", identity_file, key_types[i].path); if (first == 0) { first = 1; printf("%s: generating new host keys: ", __progname); } printf("%s ", key_types[i].key_type_display); fflush(stdout); type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_types[i].key_type); if ((fd = mkstemp(prv_tmp)) == -1) { error("Could not save your private key in %s: %s", prv_tmp, strerror(errno)); goto failnext; } (void)close(fd); /* just using mkstemp() to reserve a name */ bits = 0; type_bits_valid(type, NULL, &bits); if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0) { error_r(r, "sshkey_generate failed"); goto failnext; } if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0) fatal_fr(r, "sshkey_from_private"); snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname); if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, prv_tmp, "", comment, private_key_format, openssh_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) { error_r(r, "Saving key \"%s\" failed", prv_tmp); goto failnext; } if ((fd = mkstemp(pub_tmp)) == -1) { error("Could not save your public key in %s: %s", pub_tmp, strerror(errno)); goto failnext; } (void)fchmod(fd, 0644); (void)close(fd); if ((r = sshkey_save_public(public, pub_tmp, comment)) != 0) { error_r(r, "Unable to save public key to %s", identity_file); goto failnext; } /* Rename temporary files to their permanent locations. */ if (rename(pub_tmp, pub_file) != 0) { error("Unable to move %s into position: %s", pub_file, strerror(errno)); goto failnext; } if (rename(prv_tmp, prv_file) != 0) { error("Unable to move %s into position: %s", key_types[i].path, strerror(errno)); failnext: first = 0; goto next; } next: sshkey_free(private); sshkey_free(public); free(prv_tmp); free(pub_tmp); free(prv_file); free(pub_file); } if (first != 0) printf("\n"); } struct known_hosts_ctx { const char *host; /* Hostname searched for in find/delete case */ FILE *out; /* Output file, stdout for find_hosts case */ int has_unhashed; /* When hashing, original had unhashed hosts */ int found_key; /* For find/delete, host was found */ int invalid; /* File contained invalid items; don't delete */ int hash_hosts; /* Hash hostnames as we go */ int find_host; /* Search for specific hostname */ int delete_host; /* Delete host from known_hosts */ }; static int known_hosts_hash(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx) { struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx; char *hashed, *cp, *hosts, *ohosts; int has_wild = l->hosts && strcspn(l->hosts, "*?!") != strlen(l->hosts); int was_hashed = l->hosts && l->hosts[0] == HASH_DELIM; switch (l->status) { case HKF_STATUS_OK: case HKF_STATUS_MATCHED: /* * Don't hash hosts already hashed, with wildcard * characters or a CA/revocation marker. */ if (was_hashed || has_wild || l->marker != MRK_NONE) { fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line); if (has_wild && !ctx->find_host) { logit("%s:%lu: ignoring host name " "with wildcard: %.64s", l->path, l->linenum, l->hosts); } return 0; } /* * Split any comma-separated hostnames from the host list, * hash and store separately. */ ohosts = hosts = xstrdup(l->hosts); while ((cp = strsep(&hosts, ",")) != NULL && *cp != '\0') { lowercase(cp); if ((hashed = host_hash(cp, NULL, 0)) == NULL) fatal("hash_host failed"); fprintf(ctx->out, "%s %s\n", hashed, l->rawkey); free(hashed); ctx->has_unhashed = 1; } free(ohosts); return 0; case HKF_STATUS_INVALID: /* Retain invalid lines, but mark file as invalid. */ ctx->invalid = 1; logit("%s:%lu: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum); /* FALLTHROUGH */ default: fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line); return 0; } /* NOTREACHED */ return -1; } static int known_hosts_find_delete(struct hostkey_foreach_line *l, void *_ctx) { struct known_hosts_ctx *ctx = (struct known_hosts_ctx *)_ctx; enum sshkey_fp_rep rep; int fptype; char *fp = NULL, *ra = NULL; fptype = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_DIGEST_SHA1 : fingerprint_hash; rep = print_bubblebabble ? SSH_FP_BUBBLEBABBLE : SSH_FP_DEFAULT; if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_MATCHED) { if (ctx->delete_host) { if (l->marker != MRK_NONE) { /* Don't remove CA and revocation lines */ fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line); } else { /* * Hostname matches and has no CA/revoke * marker, delete it by *not* writing the * line to ctx->out. */ ctx->found_key = 1; if (!quiet) printf("# Host %s found: line %lu\n", ctx->host, l->linenum); } return 0; } else if (ctx->find_host) { ctx->found_key = 1; if (!quiet) { printf("# Host %s found: line %lu %s\n", ctx->host, l->linenum, l->marker == MRK_CA ? "CA" : (l->marker == MRK_REVOKE ? "REVOKED" : "")); } if (ctx->hash_hosts) known_hosts_hash(l, ctx); else if (print_fingerprint) { fp = sshkey_fingerprint(l->key, fptype, rep); ra = sshkey_fingerprint(l->key, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART); if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL) fatal_f("sshkey_fingerprint failed"); mprintf("%s %s %s%s%s\n", ctx->host, sshkey_type(l->key), fp, l->comment[0] ? " " : "", l->comment); if (log_level_get() >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE) printf("%s\n", ra); free(ra); free(fp); } else fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line); return 0; } } else if (ctx->delete_host) { /* Retain non-matching hosts when deleting */ if (l->status == HKF_STATUS_INVALID) { ctx->invalid = 1; logit("%s:%lu: invalid line", l->path, l->linenum); } fprintf(ctx->out, "%s\n", l->line); } return 0; } static void do_known_hosts(struct passwd *pw, const char *name, int find_host, int delete_host, int hash_hosts) { char *cp, tmp[PATH_MAX], old[PATH_MAX]; int r, fd, oerrno, inplace = 0; struct known_hosts_ctx ctx; u_int foreach_options; struct stat sb; if (!have_identity) { cp = tilde_expand_filename(_PATH_SSH_USER_HOSTFILE, pw->pw_uid); if (strlcpy(identity_file, cp, sizeof(identity_file)) >= sizeof(identity_file)) fatal("Specified known hosts path too long"); free(cp); have_identity = 1; } if (stat(identity_file, &sb) != 0) fatal("Cannot stat %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno)); memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx)); ctx.out = stdout; ctx.host = name; ctx.hash_hosts = hash_hosts; ctx.find_host = find_host; ctx.delete_host = delete_host; /* * Find hosts goes to stdout, hash and deletions happen in-place * A corner case is ssh-keygen -HF foo, which should go to stdout */ if (!find_host && (hash_hosts || delete_host)) { if (strlcpy(tmp, identity_file, sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) || strlcat(tmp, ".XXXXXXXXXX", sizeof(tmp)) >= sizeof(tmp) || strlcpy(old, identity_file, sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old) || strlcat(old, ".old", sizeof(old)) >= sizeof(old)) fatal("known_hosts path too long"); umask(077); if ((fd = mkstemp(tmp)) == -1) fatal("mkstemp: %s", strerror(errno)); if ((ctx.out = fdopen(fd, "w")) == NULL) { oerrno = errno; unlink(tmp); fatal("fdopen: %s", strerror(oerrno)); } (void)fchmod(fd, sb.st_mode & 0644); inplace = 1; } /* XXX support identity_file == "-" for stdin */ foreach_options = find_host ? HKF_WANT_MATCH : 0; foreach_options |= print_fingerprint ? HKF_WANT_PARSE_KEY : 0; if ((r = hostkeys_foreach(identity_file, (find_host || !hash_hosts) ? known_hosts_find_delete : known_hosts_hash, &ctx, name, NULL, foreach_options, 0)) != 0) { if (inplace) unlink(tmp); fatal_fr(r, "hostkeys_foreach"); } if (inplace) fclose(ctx.out); if (ctx.invalid) { error("%s is not a valid known_hosts file.", identity_file); if (inplace) { error("Not replacing existing known_hosts " "file because of errors"); unlink(tmp); } exit(1); } else if (delete_host && !ctx.found_key) { logit("Host %s not found in %s", name, identity_file); if (inplace) unlink(tmp); } else if (inplace) { /* Backup existing file */ if (unlink(old) == -1 && errno != ENOENT) fatal("unlink %.100s: %s", old, strerror(errno)); if (link(identity_file, old) == -1) fatal("link %.100s to %.100s: %s", identity_file, old, strerror(errno)); /* Move new one into place */ if (rename(tmp, identity_file) == -1) { error("rename\"%s\" to \"%s\": %s", tmp, identity_file, strerror(errno)); unlink(tmp); unlink(old); exit(1); } printf("%s updated.\n", identity_file); printf("Original contents retained as %s\n", old); if (ctx.has_unhashed) { logit("WARNING: %s contains unhashed entries", old); logit("Delete this file to ensure privacy " "of hostnames"); } } exit (find_host && !ctx.found_key); } /* * Perform changing a passphrase. The argument is the passwd structure * for the current user. */ static void do_change_passphrase(struct passwd *pw) { char *comment; char *old_passphrase, *passphrase1, *passphrase2; struct stat st; struct sshkey *private; int r; if (!have_identity) ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is"); if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1) fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno)); /* Try to load the file with empty passphrase. */ r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "", &private, &comment); if (r == SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE) { if (identity_passphrase) old_passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase); else old_passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter old passphrase: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN); r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, old_passphrase, &private, &comment); freezero(old_passphrase, strlen(old_passphrase)); if (r != 0) goto badkey; } else if (r != 0) { badkey: fatal_r(r, "Failed to load key %s", identity_file); } if (comment) mprintf("Key has comment '%s'\n", comment); /* Ask the new passphrase (twice). */ if (identity_new_passphrase) { passphrase1 = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase); passphrase2 = NULL; } else { passphrase1 = read_passphrase("Enter new passphrase (empty for no " "passphrase): ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN); passphrase2 = read_passphrase("Enter same passphrase again: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN); /* Verify that they are the same. */ if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) != 0) { explicit_bzero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1)); explicit_bzero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2)); free(passphrase1); free(passphrase2); printf("Pass phrases do not match. Try again.\n"); exit(1); } /* Destroy the other copy. */ freezero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2)); } /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */ if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase1, comment, private_key_format, openssh_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) { error_r(r, "Saving key \"%s\" failed", identity_file); freezero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1)); sshkey_free(private); free(comment); exit(1); } /* Destroy the passphrase and the copy of the key in memory. */ freezero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1)); sshkey_free(private); /* Destroys contents */ free(comment); printf("Your identification has been saved with the new passphrase.\n"); exit(0); } /* * Print the SSHFP RR. */ static int do_print_resource_record(struct passwd *pw, char *fname, char *hname, int print_generic, char * const *opts, size_t nopts) { struct sshkey *public; char *comment = NULL; struct stat st; int r, hash = -1; size_t i; for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) { if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "hashalg=", 8) == 0) { if ((hash = ssh_digest_alg_by_name(opts[i] + 8)) == -1) fatal("Unsupported hash algorithm"); } else { error("Invalid option \"%s\"", opts[i]); return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT; } } if (fname == NULL) fatal_f("no filename"); if (stat(fname, &st) == -1) { if (errno == ENOENT) return 0; fatal("%s: %s", fname, strerror(errno)); } if ((r = sshkey_load_public(fname, &public, &comment)) != 0) fatal_r(r, "Failed to read v2 public key from \"%s\"", fname); export_dns_rr(hname, public, stdout, print_generic, hash); sshkey_free(public); free(comment); return 1; } /* * Change the comment of a private key file. */ static void do_change_comment(struct passwd *pw, const char *identity_comment) { char new_comment[1024], *comment, *passphrase; struct sshkey *private; struct sshkey *public; struct stat st; int r; if (!have_identity) ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is"); if (stat(identity_file, &st) == -1) fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno)); if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, "", &private, &comment)) == 0) passphrase = xstrdup(""); else if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE) fatal_r(r, "Cannot load private key \"%s\"", identity_file); else { if (identity_passphrase) passphrase = xstrdup(identity_passphrase); else if (identity_new_passphrase) passphrase = xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase); else passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter passphrase: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN); /* Try to load using the passphrase. */ if ((r = sshkey_load_private(identity_file, passphrase, &private, &comment)) != 0) { freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase)); fatal_r(r, "Cannot load private key \"%s\"", identity_file); } } if (private->type != KEY_ED25519 && private->type != KEY_XMSS && private_key_format != SSHKEY_PRIVATE_OPENSSH) { error("Comments are only supported for keys stored in " "the new format (-o)."); explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase)); sshkey_free(private); exit(1); } if (comment) printf("Old comment: %s\n", comment); else printf("No existing comment\n"); if (identity_comment) { strlcpy(new_comment, identity_comment, sizeof(new_comment)); } else { printf("New comment: "); fflush(stdout); if (!fgets(new_comment, sizeof(new_comment), stdin)) { explicit_bzero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase)); sshkey_free(private); exit(1); } new_comment[strcspn(new_comment, "\n")] = '\0'; } if (comment != NULL && strcmp(comment, new_comment) == 0) { printf("No change to comment\n"); free(passphrase); sshkey_free(private); free(comment); exit(0); } /* Save the file using the new passphrase. */ if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase, new_comment, private_key_format, openssh_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) { error_r(r, "Saving key \"%s\" failed", identity_file); freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase)); sshkey_free(private); free(comment); exit(1); } freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase)); if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0) fatal_fr(r, "sshkey_from_private"); sshkey_free(private); strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file)); if ((r = sshkey_save_public(public, identity_file, new_comment)) != 0) fatal_r(r, "Unable to save public key to %s", identity_file); sshkey_free(public); free(comment); if (strlen(new_comment) > 0) printf("Comment '%s' applied\n", new_comment); else printf("Comment removed\n"); exit(0); } static void cert_ext_add(const char *key, const char *value, int iscrit) { cert_ext = xreallocarray(cert_ext, ncert_ext + 1, sizeof(*cert_ext)); cert_ext[ncert_ext].key = xstrdup(key); cert_ext[ncert_ext].val = value == NULL ? NULL : xstrdup(value); cert_ext[ncert_ext].crit = iscrit; ncert_ext++; } /* qsort(3) comparison function for certificate extensions */ static int cert_ext_cmp(const void *_a, const void *_b) { const struct cert_ext *a = (const struct cert_ext *)_a; const struct cert_ext *b = (const struct cert_ext *)_b; int r; if (a->crit != b->crit) return (a->crit < b->crit) ? -1 : 1; if ((r = strcmp(a->key, b->key)) != 0) return r; if ((a->val == NULL) != (b->val == NULL)) return (a->val == NULL) ? -1 : 1; if (a->val != NULL && (r = strcmp(a->val, b->val)) != 0) return r; return 0; } #define OPTIONS_CRITICAL 1 #define OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS 2 static void prepare_options_buf(struct sshbuf *c, int which) { struct sshbuf *b; size_t i; int r; const struct cert_ext *ext; if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) fatal_f("sshbuf_new failed"); sshbuf_reset(c); for (i = 0; i < ncert_ext; i++) { ext = &cert_ext[i]; if ((ext->crit && (which & OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS)) || (!ext->crit && (which & OPTIONS_CRITICAL))) continue; if (ext->val == NULL) { /* flag option */ debug3_f("%s", ext->key); if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, ext->key)) != 0 || (r = sshbuf_put_string(c, NULL, 0)) != 0) fatal_fr(r, "prepare flag"); } else { /* key/value option */ debug3_f("%s=%s", ext->key, ext->val); sshbuf_reset(b); if ((r = sshbuf_put_cstring(c, ext->key)) != 0 || (r = sshbuf_put_cstring(b, ext->val)) != 0 || (r = sshbuf_put_stringb(c, b)) != 0) fatal_fr(r, "prepare k/v"); } } sshbuf_free(b); } static void finalise_cert_exts(void) { /* critical options */ if (certflags_command != NULL) cert_ext_add("force-command", certflags_command, 1); if (certflags_src_addr != NULL) cert_ext_add("source-address", certflags_src_addr, 1); if ((certflags_flags & CERTOPT_REQUIRE_VERIFY) != 0) cert_ext_add("verify-required", NULL, 1); /* extensions */ if ((certflags_flags & CERTOPT_X_FWD) != 0) cert_ext_add("permit-X11-forwarding", NULL, 0); if ((certflags_flags & CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD) != 0) cert_ext_add("permit-agent-forwarding", NULL, 0); if ((certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PORT_FWD) != 0) cert_ext_add("permit-port-forwarding", NULL, 0); if ((certflags_flags & CERTOPT_PTY) != 0) cert_ext_add("permit-pty", NULL, 0); if ((certflags_flags & CERTOPT_USER_RC) != 0) cert_ext_add("permit-user-rc", NULL, 0); if ((certflags_flags & CERTOPT_NO_REQUIRE_USER_PRESENCE) != 0) cert_ext_add("no-touch-required", NULL, 0); /* order lexically by key */ if (ncert_ext > 0) qsort(cert_ext, ncert_ext, sizeof(*cert_ext), cert_ext_cmp); } static struct sshkey * load_pkcs11_key(char *path) { #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11 struct sshkey **keys = NULL, *public, *private = NULL; int r, i, nkeys; if ((r = sshkey_load_public(path, &public, NULL)) != 0) fatal_r(r, "Couldn't load CA public key \"%s\"", path); nkeys = pkcs11_add_provider(pkcs11provider, identity_passphrase, &keys, NULL); debug3_f("%d keys", nkeys); if (nkeys <= 0) fatal("cannot read public key from pkcs11"); for (i = 0; i < nkeys; i++) { if (sshkey_equal_public(public, keys[i])) { private = keys[i]; continue; } sshkey_free(keys[i]); } free(keys); sshkey_free(public); return private; #else fatal("no pkcs11 support"); #endif /* ENABLE_PKCS11 */ } /* Signer for sshkey_certify_custom that uses the agent */ static int agent_signer(struct sshkey *key, u_char **sigp, size_t *lenp, const u_char *data, size_t datalen, const char *alg, const char *provider, const char *pin, u_int compat, void *ctx) { int *agent_fdp = (int *)ctx; return ssh_agent_sign(*agent_fdp, key, sigp, lenp, data, datalen, alg, compat); } static void do_ca_sign(struct passwd *pw, const char *ca_key_path, int prefer_agent, unsigned long long cert_serial, int cert_serial_autoinc, int argc, char **argv) { int r, i, found, agent_fd = -1; u_int n; struct sshkey *ca, *public; char valid[64], *otmp, *tmp, *cp, *out, *comment; char *ca_fp = NULL, **plist = NULL, *pin = NULL; struct ssh_identitylist *agent_ids; size_t j; struct notifier_ctx *notifier = NULL; #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11 pkcs11_init(1); #endif tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid); if (pkcs11provider != NULL) { /* If a PKCS#11 token was specified then try to use it */ if ((ca = load_pkcs11_key(tmp)) == NULL) fatal("No PKCS#11 key matching %s found", ca_key_path); } else if (prefer_agent) { /* * Agent signature requested. Try to use agent after making * sure the public key specified is actually present in the * agent. */ if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &ca, NULL)) != 0) fatal_r(r, "Cannot load CA public key %s", tmp); if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(&agent_fd)) != 0) fatal_r(r, "Cannot use public key for CA signature"); if ((r = ssh_fetch_identitylist(agent_fd, &agent_ids)) != 0) fatal_r(r, "Retrieve agent key list"); found = 0; for (j = 0; j < agent_ids->nkeys; j++) { if (sshkey_equal(ca, agent_ids->keys[j])) { found = 1; break; } } if (!found) fatal("CA key %s not found in agent", tmp); ssh_free_identitylist(agent_ids); ca->flags |= SSHKEY_FLAG_EXT; } else { /* CA key is assumed to be a private key on the filesystem */ ca = load_identity(tmp, NULL); if (sshkey_is_sk(ca) && (ca->sk_flags & SSH_SK_USER_VERIFICATION_REQD)) { if ((pin = read_passphrase("Enter PIN for CA key: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN)) == NULL) fatal_f("couldn't read PIN"); } } free(tmp); if (key_type_name != NULL) { if (sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name) != ca->type) { fatal("CA key type %s doesn't match specified %s", sshkey_ssh_name(ca), key_type_name); } } else if (ca->type == KEY_RSA) { /* Default to a good signature algorithm */ key_type_name = "rsa-sha2-512"; } ca_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(ca, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT); finalise_cert_exts(); for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) { /* Split list of principals */ n = 0; if (cert_principals != NULL) { otmp = tmp = xstrdup(cert_principals); plist = NULL; for (; (cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL; n++) { plist = xreallocarray(plist, n + 1, sizeof(*plist)); if (*(plist[n] = xstrdup(cp)) == '\0') fatal("Empty principal name"); } free(otmp); } if (n > SSHKEY_CERT_MAX_PRINCIPALS) fatal("Too many certificate principals specified"); tmp = tilde_expand_filename(argv[i], pw->pw_uid); if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &public, &comment)) != 0) fatal_r(r, "load pubkey \"%s\"", tmp); if (sshkey_is_cert(public)) fatal_f("key \"%s\" type %s cannot be certified", tmp, sshkey_type(public)); /* Prepare certificate to sign */ if ((r = sshkey_to_certified(public)) != 0) fatal_r(r, "Could not upgrade key %s to certificate", tmp); public->cert->type = cert_key_type; public->cert->serial = (u_int64_t)cert_serial; public->cert->key_id = xstrdup(cert_key_id); public->cert->nprincipals = n; public->cert->principals = plist; public->cert->valid_after = cert_valid_from; public->cert->valid_before = cert_valid_to; prepare_options_buf(public->cert->critical, OPTIONS_CRITICAL); prepare_options_buf(public->cert->extensions, OPTIONS_EXTENSIONS); if ((r = sshkey_from_private(ca, &public->cert->signature_key)) != 0) fatal_r(r, "sshkey_from_private (ca key)"); if (agent_fd != -1 && (ca->flags & SSHKEY_FLAG_EXT) != 0) { if ((r = sshkey_certify_custom(public, ca, key_type_name, sk_provider, NULL, agent_signer, &agent_fd)) != 0) fatal_r(r, "Couldn't certify %s via agent", tmp); } else { if (sshkey_is_sk(ca) && (ca->sk_flags & SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD)) { notifier = notify_start(0, "Confirm user presence for key %s %s", sshkey_type(ca), ca_fp); } r = sshkey_certify(public, ca, key_type_name, sk_provider, pin); notify_complete(notifier, "User presence confirmed"); if (r != 0) fatal_r(r, "Couldn't certify key %s", tmp); } if ((cp = strrchr(tmp, '.')) != NULL && strcmp(cp, ".pub") == 0) *cp = '\0'; xasprintf(&out, "%s-cert.pub", tmp); free(tmp); if ((r = sshkey_save_public(public, out, comment)) != 0) { fatal_r(r, "Unable to save public key to %s", identity_file); } if (!quiet) { sshkey_format_cert_validity(public->cert, valid, sizeof(valid)); logit("Signed %s key %s: id \"%s\" serial %llu%s%s " "valid %s", sshkey_cert_type(public), out, public->cert->key_id, (unsigned long long)public->cert->serial, cert_principals != NULL ? " for " : "", cert_principals != NULL ? cert_principals : "", valid); } sshkey_free(public); free(out); if (cert_serial_autoinc) cert_serial++; } if (pin != NULL) freezero(pin, strlen(pin)); free(ca_fp); #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11 pkcs11_terminate(); #endif exit(0); } static u_int64_t parse_relative_time(const char *s, time_t now) { int64_t mul, secs; mul = *s == '-' ? -1 : 1; if ((secs = convtime(s + 1)) == -1) fatal("Invalid relative certificate time %s", s); if (mul == -1 && secs > now) fatal("Certificate time %s cannot be represented", s); return now + (u_int64_t)(secs * mul); } static void parse_hex_u64(const char *s, uint64_t *up) { char *ep; unsigned long long ull; errno = 0; ull = strtoull(s, &ep, 16); if (*s == '\0' || *ep != '\0') fatal("Invalid certificate time: not a number"); if (errno == ERANGE && ull == ULONG_MAX) fatal_fr(SSH_ERR_SYSTEM_ERROR, "Invalid certificate time"); *up = (uint64_t)ull; } static void parse_cert_times(char *timespec) { char *from, *to; time_t now = time(NULL); int64_t secs; /* +timespec relative to now */ if (*timespec == '+' && strchr(timespec, ':') == NULL) { if ((secs = convtime(timespec + 1)) == -1) fatal("Invalid relative certificate life %s", timespec); cert_valid_to = now + secs; /* * Backdate certificate one minute to avoid problems on hosts * with poorly-synchronised clocks. */ cert_valid_from = ((now - 59)/ 60) * 60; return; } /* * from:to, where * from := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS | 0x... | "always" * to := [+-]timespec | YYYYMMDD | YYYYMMDDHHMMSS | 0x... | "forever" */ from = xstrdup(timespec); to = strchr(from, ':'); if (to == NULL || from == to || *(to + 1) == '\0') fatal("Invalid certificate life specification %s", timespec); *to++ = '\0'; if (*from == '-' || *from == '+') cert_valid_from = parse_relative_time(from, now); else if (strcmp(from, "always") == 0) cert_valid_from = 0; else if (strncmp(from, "0x", 2) == 0) parse_hex_u64(from, &cert_valid_from); else if (parse_absolute_time(from, &cert_valid_from) != 0) fatal("Invalid from time \"%s\"", from); if (*to == '-' || *to == '+') cert_valid_to = parse_relative_time(to, now); else if (strcmp(to, "forever") == 0) cert_valid_to = ~(u_int64_t)0; else if (strncmp(to, "0x", 2) == 0) parse_hex_u64(to, &cert_valid_to); else if (parse_absolute_time(to, &cert_valid_to) != 0) fatal("Invalid to time \"%s\"", to); if (cert_valid_to <= cert_valid_from) fatal("Empty certificate validity interval"); free(from); } static void add_cert_option(char *opt) { char *val, *cp; int iscrit = 0; if (strcasecmp(opt, "clear") == 0) certflags_flags = 0; else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-x11-forwarding") == 0) certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_X_FWD; else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-x11-forwarding") == 0) certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_X_FWD; else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-agent-forwarding") == 0) certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD; else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0) certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_AGENT_FWD; else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-port-forwarding") == 0) certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PORT_FWD; else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0) certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PORT_FWD; else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-pty") == 0) certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_PTY; else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-pty") == 0) certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_PTY; else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-user-rc") == 0) certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_USER_RC; else if (strcasecmp(opt, "permit-user-rc") == 0) certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_USER_RC; else if (strcasecmp(opt, "touch-required") == 0) certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_NO_REQUIRE_USER_PRESENCE; else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-touch-required") == 0) certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_NO_REQUIRE_USER_PRESENCE; else if (strcasecmp(opt, "no-verify-required") == 0) certflags_flags &= ~CERTOPT_REQUIRE_VERIFY; else if (strcasecmp(opt, "verify-required") == 0) certflags_flags |= CERTOPT_REQUIRE_VERIFY; else if (strncasecmp(opt, "force-command=", 14) == 0) { val = opt + 14; if (*val == '\0') fatal("Empty force-command option"); if (certflags_command != NULL) fatal("force-command already specified"); certflags_command = xstrdup(val); } else if (strncasecmp(opt, "source-address=", 15) == 0) { val = opt + 15; if (*val == '\0') fatal("Empty source-address option"); if (certflags_src_addr != NULL) fatal("source-address already specified"); if (addr_match_cidr_list(NULL, val) != 0) fatal("Invalid source-address list"); certflags_src_addr = xstrdup(val); } else if (strncasecmp(opt, "extension:", 10) == 0 || (iscrit = (strncasecmp(opt, "critical:", 9) == 0))) { val = xstrdup(strchr(opt, ':') + 1); if ((cp = strchr(val, '=')) != NULL) *cp++ = '\0'; cert_ext_add(val, cp, iscrit); free(val); } else fatal("Unsupported certificate option \"%s\"", opt); } static void show_options(struct sshbuf *optbuf, int in_critical) { char *name, *arg, *hex; struct sshbuf *options, *option = NULL; int r; if ((options = sshbuf_fromb(optbuf)) == NULL) fatal_f("sshbuf_fromb failed"); while (sshbuf_len(options) != 0) { sshbuf_free(option); option = NULL; if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(options, &name, NULL)) != 0 || (r = sshbuf_froms(options, &option)) != 0) fatal_fr(r, "parse option"); printf(" %s", name); if (!in_critical && (strcmp(name, "permit-X11-forwarding") == 0 || strcmp(name, "permit-agent-forwarding") == 0 || strcmp(name, "permit-port-forwarding") == 0 || strcmp(name, "permit-pty") == 0 || strcmp(name, "permit-user-rc") == 0 || strcmp(name, "no-touch-required") == 0)) { printf("\n"); } else if (in_critical && (strcmp(name, "force-command") == 0 || strcmp(name, "source-address") == 0)) { if ((r = sshbuf_get_cstring(option, &arg, NULL)) != 0) fatal_fr(r, "parse critical"); printf(" %s\n", arg); free(arg); } else if (in_critical && strcmp(name, "verify-required") == 0) { printf("\n"); } else if (sshbuf_len(option) > 0) { hex = sshbuf_dtob16(option); printf(" UNKNOWN OPTION: %s (len %zu)\n", hex, sshbuf_len(option)); sshbuf_reset(option); free(hex); } else printf(" UNKNOWN FLAG OPTION\n"); free(name); if (sshbuf_len(option) != 0) fatal("Option corrupt: extra data at end"); } sshbuf_free(option); sshbuf_free(options); } static void print_cert(struct sshkey *key) { char valid[64], *key_fp, *ca_fp; u_int i; key_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT); ca_fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key->cert->signature_key, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT); if (key_fp == NULL || ca_fp == NULL) fatal_f("sshkey_fingerprint fail"); sshkey_format_cert_validity(key->cert, valid, sizeof(valid)); printf(" Type: %s %s certificate\n", sshkey_ssh_name(key), sshkey_cert_type(key)); printf(" Public key: %s %s\n", sshkey_type(key), key_fp); printf(" Signing CA: %s %s (using %s)\n", sshkey_type(key->cert->signature_key), ca_fp, key->cert->signature_type); printf(" Key ID: \"%s\"\n", key->cert->key_id); printf(" Serial: %llu\n", (unsigned long long)key->cert->serial); printf(" Valid: %s\n", valid); printf(" Principals: "); if (key->cert->nprincipals == 0) printf("(none)\n"); else { for (i = 0; i < key->cert->nprincipals; i++) printf("\n %s", key->cert->principals[i]); printf("\n"); } printf(" Critical Options: "); if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->critical) == 0) printf("(none)\n"); else { printf("\n"); show_options(key->cert->critical, 1); } printf(" Extensions: "); if (sshbuf_len(key->cert->extensions) == 0) printf("(none)\n"); else { printf("\n"); show_options(key->cert->extensions, 0); } } static void do_show_cert(struct passwd *pw) { struct sshkey *key = NULL; struct stat st; int r, is_stdin = 0, ok = 0; FILE *f; char *cp, *line = NULL; const char *path; size_t linesize = 0; u_long lnum = 0; if (!have_identity) ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which the key is"); if (strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0 && stat(identity_file, &st) == -1) fatal("%s: %s: %s", __progname, identity_file, strerror(errno)); path = identity_file; if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) { f = stdin; path = "(stdin)"; is_stdin = 1; } else if ((f = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) fatal("fopen %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno)); while (getline(&line, &linesize, f) != -1) { lnum++; sshkey_free(key); key = NULL; /* Trim leading space and comments */ cp = line + strspn(line, " \t"); if (*cp == '#' || *cp == '\0') continue; if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL) fatal("sshkey_new"); if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0) { error_r(r, "%s:%lu: invalid key", path, lnum); continue; } if (!sshkey_is_cert(key)) { error("%s:%lu is not a certificate", path, lnum); continue; } ok = 1; if (!is_stdin && lnum == 1) printf("%s:\n", path); else printf("%s:%lu:\n", path, lnum); print_cert(key); } free(line); sshkey_free(key); fclose(f); exit(ok ? 0 : 1); } static void load_krl(const char *path, struct ssh_krl **krlp) { struct sshbuf *krlbuf; int r; if ((r = sshbuf_load_file(path, &krlbuf)) != 0) fatal_r(r, "Unable to load KRL %s", path); /* XXX check sigs */ if ((r = ssh_krl_from_blob(krlbuf, krlp)) != 0 || *krlp == NULL) fatal_r(r, "Invalid KRL file %s", path); sshbuf_free(krlbuf); } static void hash_to_blob(const char *cp, u_char **blobp, size_t *lenp, const char *file, u_long lnum) { char *tmp; size_t tlen; struct sshbuf *b; int r; if (strncmp(cp, "SHA256:", 7) != 0) fatal("%s:%lu: unsupported hash algorithm", file, lnum); cp += 7; /* * OpenSSH base64 hashes omit trailing '=' * characters; put them back for decode. */ if ((tlen = strlen(cp)) >= SIZE_MAX - 5) fatal_f("hash too long: %zu bytes", tlen); tmp = xmalloc(tlen + 4 + 1); strlcpy(tmp, cp, tlen + 1); while ((tlen % 4) != 0) { tmp[tlen++] = '='; tmp[tlen] = '\0'; } if ((b = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) fatal_f("sshbuf_new failed"); if ((r = sshbuf_b64tod(b, tmp)) != 0) fatal_r(r, "%s:%lu: decode hash failed", file, lnum); free(tmp); *lenp = sshbuf_len(b); *blobp = xmalloc(*lenp); memcpy(*blobp, sshbuf_ptr(b), *lenp); sshbuf_free(b); } static void update_krl_from_file(struct passwd *pw, const char *file, int wild_ca, const struct sshkey *ca, struct ssh_krl *krl) { struct sshkey *key = NULL; u_long lnum = 0; char *path, *cp, *ep, *line = NULL; u_char *blob = NULL; size_t blen = 0, linesize = 0; unsigned long long serial, serial2; int i, was_explicit_key, was_sha1, was_sha256, was_hash, r; FILE *krl_spec; path = tilde_expand_filename(file, pw->pw_uid); if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0) { krl_spec = stdin; free(path); path = xstrdup("(standard input)"); } else if ((krl_spec = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL) fatal("fopen %s: %s", path, strerror(errno)); if (!quiet) printf("Revoking from %s\n", path); while (getline(&line, &linesize, krl_spec) != -1) { if (linesize >= INT_MAX) { fatal_f("%s contains unparsable line, len=%zu", path, linesize); } lnum++; was_explicit_key = was_sha1 = was_sha256 = was_hash = 0; cp = line + strspn(line, " \t"); /* Trim trailing space, comments and strip \n */ for (i = 0, r = -1; cp[i] != '\0'; i++) { if (cp[i] == '#' || cp[i] == '\n') { cp[i] = '\0'; break; } if (cp[i] == ' ' || cp[i] == '\t') { /* Remember the start of a span of whitespace */ if (r == -1) r = i; } else r = -1; } if (r != -1) cp[r] = '\0'; if (*cp == '\0') continue; if (strncasecmp(cp, "serial:", 7) == 0) { if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) { fatal("revoking certificates by serial number " "requires specification of a CA key"); } cp += 7; cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t"); errno = 0; serial = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0); if (*cp == '\0' || (*ep != '\0' && *ep != '-')) fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"", path, lnum, cp); if (errno == ERANGE && serial == ULLONG_MAX) fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range", path, lnum); serial2 = serial; if (*ep == '-') { cp = ep + 1; errno = 0; serial2 = strtoull(cp, &ep, 0); if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0') fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial \"%s\"", path, lnum, cp); if (errno == ERANGE && serial2 == ULLONG_MAX) fatal("%s:%lu: serial out of range", path, lnum); if (serial2 <= serial) fatal("%s:%lu: invalid serial range " "%llu:%llu", path, lnum, (unsigned long long)serial, (unsigned long long)serial2); } if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_serial_range(krl, ca, serial, serial2) != 0) { fatal_f("revoke serial failed"); } } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "id:", 3) == 0) { if (ca == NULL && !wild_ca) { fatal("revoking certificates by key ID " "requires specification of a CA key"); } cp += 3; cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t"); if (ssh_krl_revoke_cert_by_key_id(krl, ca, cp) != 0) fatal_f("revoke key ID failed"); } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "hash:", 5) == 0) { cp += 5; cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t"); hash_to_blob(cp, &blob, &blen, file, lnum); r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha256(krl, blob, blen); if (r != 0) fatal_fr(r, "revoke key failed"); } else { if (strncasecmp(cp, "key:", 4) == 0) { cp += 4; cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t"); was_explicit_key = 1; } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha1:", 5) == 0) { cp += 5; cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t"); was_sha1 = 1; } else if (strncasecmp(cp, "sha256:", 7) == 0) { cp += 7; cp = cp + strspn(cp, " \t"); was_sha256 = 1; /* * Just try to process the line as a key. * Parsing will fail if it isn't. */ } if ((key = sshkey_new(KEY_UNSPEC)) == NULL) fatal("sshkey_new"); if ((r = sshkey_read(key, &cp)) != 0) fatal_r(r, "%s:%lu: invalid key", path, lnum); if (was_explicit_key) r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_explicit(krl, key); else if (was_sha1) { if (sshkey_fingerprint_raw(key, SSH_DIGEST_SHA1, &blob, &blen) != 0) { fatal("%s:%lu: fingerprint failed", file, lnum); } r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha1(krl, blob, blen); } else if (was_sha256) { if (sshkey_fingerprint_raw(key, SSH_DIGEST_SHA256, &blob, &blen) != 0) { fatal("%s:%lu: fingerprint failed", file, lnum); } r = ssh_krl_revoke_key_sha256(krl, blob, blen); } else r = ssh_krl_revoke_key(krl, key); if (r != 0) fatal_fr(r, "revoke key failed"); freezero(blob, blen); blob = NULL; blen = 0; sshkey_free(key); } } if (strcmp(path, "-") != 0) fclose(krl_spec); free(line); free(path); } static void do_gen_krl(struct passwd *pw, int updating, const char *ca_key_path, unsigned long long krl_version, const char *krl_comment, int argc, char **argv) { struct ssh_krl *krl; struct stat sb; struct sshkey *ca = NULL; int i, r, wild_ca = 0; char *tmp; struct sshbuf *kbuf; if (*identity_file == '\0') fatal("KRL generation requires an output file"); if (stat(identity_file, &sb) == -1) { if (errno != ENOENT) fatal("Cannot access KRL \"%s\": %s", identity_file, strerror(errno)); if (updating) fatal("KRL \"%s\" does not exist", identity_file); } if (ca_key_path != NULL) { if (strcasecmp(ca_key_path, "none") == 0) wild_ca = 1; else { tmp = tilde_expand_filename(ca_key_path, pw->pw_uid); if ((r = sshkey_load_public(tmp, &ca, NULL)) != 0) fatal_r(r, "Cannot load CA public key %s", tmp); free(tmp); } } if (updating) load_krl(identity_file, &krl); else if ((krl = ssh_krl_init()) == NULL) fatal("couldn't create KRL"); if (krl_version != 0) ssh_krl_set_version(krl, krl_version); if (krl_comment != NULL) ssh_krl_set_comment(krl, krl_comment); for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) update_krl_from_file(pw, argv[i], wild_ca, ca, krl); if ((kbuf = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) fatal("sshbuf_new failed"); if (ssh_krl_to_blob(krl, kbuf) != 0) fatal("Couldn't generate KRL"); if ((r = sshbuf_write_file(identity_file, kbuf)) != 0) fatal("write %s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno)); sshbuf_free(kbuf); ssh_krl_free(krl); sshkey_free(ca); } static void do_check_krl(struct passwd *pw, int print_krl, int argc, char **argv) { int i, r, ret = 0; char *comment; struct ssh_krl *krl; struct sshkey *k; if (*identity_file == '\0') fatal("KRL checking requires an input file"); load_krl(identity_file, &krl); if (print_krl) krl_dump(krl, stdout); for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) { if ((r = sshkey_load_public(argv[i], &k, &comment)) != 0) fatal_r(r, "Cannot load public key %s", argv[i]); r = ssh_krl_check_key(krl, k); printf("%s%s%s%s: %s\n", argv[i], *comment ? " (" : "", comment, *comment ? ")" : "", r == 0 ? "ok" : "REVOKED"); if (r != 0) ret = 1; sshkey_free(k); free(comment); } ssh_krl_free(krl); exit(ret); } static struct sshkey * load_sign_key(const char *keypath, const struct sshkey *pubkey) { size_t i, slen, plen = strlen(keypath); char *privpath = xstrdup(keypath); static const char * const suffixes[] = { "-cert.pub", ".pub", NULL }; struct sshkey *ret = NULL, *privkey = NULL; int r, waspub = 0; struct stat st; /* * If passed a public key filename, then try to locate the corresponding * private key. This lets us specify certificates on the command-line * and have ssh-keygen find the appropriate private key. */ for (i = 0; suffixes[i]; i++) { slen = strlen(suffixes[i]); if (plen <= slen || strcmp(privpath + plen - slen, suffixes[i]) != 0) continue; privpath[plen - slen] = '\0'; debug_f("%s looks like a public key, using private key " "path %s instead", keypath, privpath); waspub = 1; } if (waspub && stat(privpath, &st) != 0 && errno == ENOENT) fatal("No private key found for public key \"%s\"", keypath); if ((r = sshkey_load_private(privpath, "", &privkey, NULL)) != 0 && (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE)) { debug_fr(r, "load private key \"%s\"", privpath); fatal("No private key found for \"%s\"", privpath); } else if (privkey == NULL) privkey = load_identity(privpath, NULL); if (!sshkey_equal_public(pubkey, privkey)) { error("Public key %s doesn't match private %s", keypath, privpath); goto done; } if (sshkey_is_cert(pubkey) && !sshkey_is_cert(privkey)) { /* * Graft the certificate onto the private key to make * it capable of signing. */ if ((r = sshkey_to_certified(privkey)) != 0) { error_fr(r, "sshkey_to_certified"); goto done; } if ((r = sshkey_cert_copy(pubkey, privkey)) != 0) { error_fr(r, "sshkey_cert_copy"); goto done; } } /* success */ ret = privkey; privkey = NULL; done: sshkey_free(privkey); free(privpath); return ret; } static int sign_one(struct sshkey *signkey, const char *filename, int fd, const char *sig_namespace, const char *hashalg, sshsig_signer *signer, void *signer_ctx) { struct sshbuf *sigbuf = NULL, *abuf = NULL; int r = SSH_ERR_INTERNAL_ERROR, wfd = -1, oerrno; char *wfile = NULL, *asig = NULL, *fp = NULL; char *pin = NULL, *prompt = NULL; if (!quiet) { if (fd == STDIN_FILENO) fprintf(stderr, "Signing data on standard input\n"); else fprintf(stderr, "Signing file %s\n", filename); } if (signer == NULL && sshkey_is_sk(signkey)) { if ((signkey->sk_flags & SSH_SK_USER_VERIFICATION_REQD)) { xasprintf(&prompt, "Enter PIN for %s key: ", sshkey_type(signkey)); if ((pin = read_passphrase(prompt, RP_ALLOW_STDIN)) == NULL) fatal_f("couldn't read PIN"); } if ((signkey->sk_flags & SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD)) { if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(signkey, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL) fatal_f("fingerprint failed"); fprintf(stderr, "Confirm user presence for key %s %s\n", sshkey_type(signkey), fp); free(fp); } } if ((r = sshsig_sign_fd(signkey, hashalg, sk_provider, pin, fd, sig_namespace, &sigbuf, signer, signer_ctx)) != 0) { error_r(r, "Signing %s failed", filename); goto out; } if ((r = sshsig_armor(sigbuf, &abuf)) != 0) { error_fr(r, "sshsig_armor"); goto out; } if ((asig = sshbuf_dup_string(abuf)) == NULL) { error_f("buffer error"); r = SSH_ERR_ALLOC_FAIL; goto out; } if (fd == STDIN_FILENO) { fputs(asig, stdout); fflush(stdout); } else { xasprintf(&wfile, "%s.sig", filename); if (confirm_overwrite(wfile)) { if ((wfd = open(wfile, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0666)) == -1) { oerrno = errno; error("Cannot open %s: %s", wfile, strerror(errno)); errno = oerrno; r = SSH_ERR_SYSTEM_ERROR; goto out; } if (atomicio(vwrite, wfd, asig, strlen(asig)) != strlen(asig)) { oerrno = errno; error("Cannot write to %s: %s", wfile, strerror(errno)); errno = oerrno; r = SSH_ERR_SYSTEM_ERROR; goto out; } if (!quiet) { fprintf(stderr, "Write signature to %s\n", wfile); } } } /* success */ r = 0; out: free(wfile); free(prompt); free(asig); if (pin != NULL) freezero(pin, strlen(pin)); sshbuf_free(abuf); sshbuf_free(sigbuf); if (wfd != -1) close(wfd); return r; } static int sig_process_opts(char * const *opts, size_t nopts, char **hashalgp, uint64_t *verify_timep, int *print_pubkey) { size_t i; time_t now; if (verify_timep != NULL) *verify_timep = 0; if (print_pubkey != NULL) *print_pubkey = 0; if (hashalgp != NULL) *hashalgp = NULL; for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) { if (hashalgp != NULL && strncasecmp(opts[i], "hashalg=", 8) == 0) { *hashalgp = xstrdup(opts[i] + 8); } else if (verify_timep && strncasecmp(opts[i], "verify-time=", 12) == 0) { if (parse_absolute_time(opts[i] + 12, verify_timep) != 0 || *verify_timep == 0) { error("Invalid \"verify-time\" option"); return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT; } } else if (print_pubkey && strcasecmp(opts[i], "print-pubkey") == 0) { *print_pubkey = 1; } else { error("Invalid option \"%s\"", opts[i]); return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT; } } if (verify_timep && *verify_timep == 0) { if ((now = time(NULL)) < 0) { error("Time is before epoch"); return SSH_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT; } *verify_timep = (uint64_t)now; } return 0; } static int sig_sign(const char *keypath, const char *sig_namespace, int require_agent, int argc, char **argv, char * const *opts, size_t nopts) { int i, fd = -1, r, ret = -1; int agent_fd = -1; struct sshkey *pubkey = NULL, *privkey = NULL, *signkey = NULL; sshsig_signer *signer = NULL; char *hashalg = NULL; /* Check file arguments. */ for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) { if (strcmp(argv[i], "-") != 0) continue; if (i > 0 || argc > 1) fatal("Cannot sign mix of paths and standard input"); } if (sig_process_opts(opts, nopts, &hashalg, NULL, NULL) != 0) goto done; /* error already logged */ if ((r = sshkey_load_public(keypath, &pubkey, NULL)) != 0) { error_r(r, "Couldn't load public key %s", keypath); goto done; } if ((r = ssh_get_authentication_socket(&agent_fd)) != 0) { if (require_agent) fatal("Couldn't get agent socket"); debug_r(r, "Couldn't get agent socket"); } else { if ((r = ssh_agent_has_key(agent_fd, pubkey)) == 0) signer = agent_signer; else { if (require_agent) fatal("Couldn't find key in agent"); debug_r(r, "Couldn't find key in agent"); } } if (signer == NULL) { /* Not using agent - try to load private key */ if ((privkey = load_sign_key(keypath, pubkey)) == NULL) goto done; signkey = privkey; } else { /* Will use key in agent */ signkey = pubkey; } if (argc == 0) { if ((r = sign_one(signkey, "(stdin)", STDIN_FILENO, sig_namespace, hashalg, signer, &agent_fd)) != 0) goto done; } else { for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) { if (strcmp(argv[i], "-") == 0) fd = STDIN_FILENO; else if ((fd = open(argv[i], O_RDONLY)) == -1) { error("Cannot open %s for signing: %s", argv[i], strerror(errno)); goto done; } if ((r = sign_one(signkey, argv[i], fd, sig_namespace, hashalg, signer, &agent_fd)) != 0) goto done; if (fd != STDIN_FILENO) close(fd); fd = -1; } } ret = 0; done: if (fd != -1 && fd != STDIN_FILENO) close(fd); sshkey_free(pubkey); sshkey_free(privkey); free(hashalg); return ret; } static int sig_verify(const char *signature, const char *sig_namespace, const char *principal, const char *allowed_keys, const char *revoked_keys, char * const *opts, size_t nopts) { int r, ret = -1; int print_pubkey = 0; struct sshbuf *sigbuf = NULL, *abuf = NULL; struct sshkey *sign_key = NULL; char *fp = NULL; struct sshkey_sig_details *sig_details = NULL; uint64_t verify_time = 0; if (sig_process_opts(opts, nopts, NULL, &verify_time, &print_pubkey) != 0) goto done; /* error already logged */ memset(&sig_details, 0, sizeof(sig_details)); if ((r = sshbuf_load_file(signature, &abuf)) != 0) { error_r(r, "Couldn't read signature file"); goto done; } if ((r = sshsig_dearmor(abuf, &sigbuf)) != 0) { error_fr(r, "sshsig_armor"); goto done; } if ((r = sshsig_verify_fd(sigbuf, STDIN_FILENO, sig_namespace, &sign_key, &sig_details)) != 0) goto done; /* sshsig_verify() prints error */ if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(sign_key, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL) fatal_f("sshkey_fingerprint failed"); debug("Valid (unverified) signature from key %s", fp); if (sig_details != NULL) { debug2_f("signature details: counter = %u, flags = 0x%02x", sig_details->sk_counter, sig_details->sk_flags); } free(fp); fp = NULL; if (revoked_keys != NULL) { if ((r = sshkey_check_revoked(sign_key, revoked_keys)) != 0) { debug3_fr(r, "sshkey_check_revoked"); goto done; } } if (allowed_keys != NULL && (r = sshsig_check_allowed_keys(allowed_keys, sign_key, principal, sig_namespace, verify_time)) != 0) { debug3_fr(r, "sshsig_check_allowed_keys"); goto done; } /* success */ ret = 0; done: if (!quiet) { if (ret == 0) { if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(sign_key, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL) fatal_f("sshkey_fingerprint failed"); if (principal == NULL) { printf("Good \"%s\" signature with %s key %s\n", sig_namespace, sshkey_type(sign_key), fp); } else { printf("Good \"%s\" signature for %s with %s key %s\n", sig_namespace, principal, sshkey_type(sign_key), fp); } } else { printf("Could not verify signature.\n"); } } /* Print the signature key if requested */ if (ret == 0 && print_pubkey && sign_key != NULL) { if ((r = sshkey_write(sign_key, stdout)) == 0) fputc('\n', stdout); else { error_r(r, "Could not print public key.\n"); ret = -1; } } sshbuf_free(sigbuf); sshbuf_free(abuf); sshkey_free(sign_key); sshkey_sig_details_free(sig_details); free(fp); return ret; } static int sig_find_principals(const char *signature, const char *allowed_keys, char * const *opts, size_t nopts) { int r, ret = -1; struct sshbuf *sigbuf = NULL, *abuf = NULL; struct sshkey *sign_key = NULL; char *principals = NULL, *cp, *tmp; uint64_t verify_time = 0; if (sig_process_opts(opts, nopts, NULL, &verify_time, NULL) != 0) goto done; /* error already logged */ if ((r = sshbuf_load_file(signature, &abuf)) != 0) { error_r(r, "Couldn't read signature file"); goto done; } if ((r = sshsig_dearmor(abuf, &sigbuf)) != 0) { error_fr(r, "sshsig_armor"); goto done; } if ((r = sshsig_get_pubkey(sigbuf, &sign_key)) != 0) { error_fr(r, "sshsig_get_pubkey"); goto done; } if ((r = sshsig_find_principals(allowed_keys, sign_key, verify_time, &principals)) != 0) { if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_NOT_FOUND) error_fr(r, "sshsig_find_principal"); goto done; } ret = 0; done: if (ret == 0 ) { /* Emit matching principals one per line */ tmp = principals; while ((cp = strsep(&tmp, ",")) != NULL && *cp != '\0') puts(cp); } else { fprintf(stderr, "No principal matched.\n"); } sshbuf_free(sigbuf); sshbuf_free(abuf); sshkey_free(sign_key); free(principals); return ret; } static int sig_match_principals(const char *allowed_keys, char *principal, char * const *opts, size_t nopts) { int r; char **principals = NULL; size_t i, nprincipals = 0; if ((r = sig_process_opts(opts, nopts, NULL, NULL, NULL)) != 0) return r; /* error already logged */ if ((r = sshsig_match_principals(allowed_keys, principal, &principals, &nprincipals)) != 0) { debug_f("match: %s", ssh_err(r)); fprintf(stderr, "No principal matched.\n"); return r; } for (i = 0; i < nprincipals; i++) { printf("%s\n", principals[i]); free(principals[i]); } free(principals); return 0; } static void do_moduli_gen(const char *out_file, char **opts, size_t nopts) { #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL /* Moduli generation/screening */ u_int32_t memory = 0; BIGNUM *start = NULL; int moduli_bits = 0; FILE *out; size_t i; const char *errstr; /* Parse options */ for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) { if (strncmp(opts[i], "memory=", 7) == 0) { memory = (u_int32_t)strtonum(opts[i]+7, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr) { fatal("Memory limit is %s: %s", errstr, opts[i]+7); } } else if (strncmp(opts[i], "start=", 6) == 0) { /* XXX - also compare length against bits */ if (BN_hex2bn(&start, opts[i]+6) == 0) fatal("Invalid start point."); } else if (strncmp(opts[i], "bits=", 5) == 0) { moduli_bits = (int)strtonum(opts[i]+5, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr) { fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)", opts[i]+12, errstr); } } else { fatal("Option \"%s\" is unsupported for moduli " "generation", opts[i]); } } if ((out = fopen(out_file, "w")) == NULL) { fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate file \"%s\": %s", out_file, strerror(errno)); } setvbuf(out, NULL, _IOLBF, 0); if (moduli_bits == 0) moduli_bits = DEFAULT_BITS; if (gen_candidates(out, memory, moduli_bits, start) != 0) fatal("modulus candidate generation failed"); #else /* WITH_OPENSSL */ fatal("Moduli generation is not supported"); #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */ } static void do_moduli_screen(const char *out_file, char **opts, size_t nopts) { #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL /* Moduli generation/screening */ char *checkpoint = NULL; u_int32_t generator_wanted = 0; unsigned long start_lineno = 0, lines_to_process = 0; int prime_tests = 0; FILE *out, *in = stdin; size_t i; const char *errstr; /* Parse options */ for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) { if (strncmp(opts[i], "lines=", 6) == 0) { lines_to_process = strtoul(opts[i]+6, NULL, 10); } else if (strncmp(opts[i], "start-line=", 11) == 0) { start_lineno = strtoul(opts[i]+11, NULL, 10); } else if (strncmp(opts[i], "checkpoint=", 11) == 0) { free(checkpoint); checkpoint = xstrdup(opts[i]+11); } else if (strncmp(opts[i], "generator=", 10) == 0) { generator_wanted = (u_int32_t)strtonum( opts[i]+10, 1, UINT_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr != NULL) { fatal("Generator invalid: %s (%s)", opts[i]+10, errstr); } } else if (strncmp(opts[i], "prime-tests=", 12) == 0) { prime_tests = (int)strtonum(opts[i]+12, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr) { fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)", opts[i]+12, errstr); } } else { fatal("Option \"%s\" is unsupported for moduli " "screening", opts[i]); } } if (have_identity && strcmp(identity_file, "-") != 0) { if ((in = fopen(identity_file, "r")) == NULL) { fatal("Couldn't open modulus candidate " "file \"%s\": %s", identity_file, strerror(errno)); } } if ((out = fopen(out_file, "a")) == NULL) { fatal("Couldn't open moduli file \"%s\": %s", out_file, strerror(errno)); } setvbuf(out, NULL, _IOLBF, 0); if (prime_test(in, out, prime_tests == 0 ? 100 : prime_tests, generator_wanted, checkpoint, start_lineno, lines_to_process) != 0) fatal("modulus screening failed"); if (in != stdin) (void)fclose(in); free(checkpoint); #else /* WITH_OPENSSL */ fatal("Moduli screening is not supported"); #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */ } /* Read and confirm a passphrase */ static char * read_check_passphrase(const char *prompt1, const char *prompt2, const char *retry_prompt) { char *passphrase1, *passphrase2; for (;;) { passphrase1 = read_passphrase(prompt1, RP_ALLOW_STDIN); passphrase2 = read_passphrase(prompt2, RP_ALLOW_STDIN); if (strcmp(passphrase1, passphrase2) == 0) { freezero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2)); return passphrase1; } /* The passphrases do not match. Clear them and retry. */ freezero(passphrase1, strlen(passphrase1)); freezero(passphrase2, strlen(passphrase2)); fputs(retry_prompt, stdout); fputc('\n', stdout); fflush(stdout); } /* NOTREACHED */ return NULL; } static char * private_key_passphrase(void) { if (identity_passphrase) return xstrdup(identity_passphrase); if (identity_new_passphrase) return xstrdup(identity_new_passphrase); return read_check_passphrase( "Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): ", "Enter same passphrase again: ", "Passphrases do not match. Try again."); } static char * sk_suffix(const char *application, const uint8_t *user, size_t userlen) { char *ret, *cp; size_t slen, i; /* Trim off URL-like preamble */ if (strncmp(application, "ssh://", 6) == 0) ret = xstrdup(application + 6); else if (strncmp(application, "ssh:", 4) == 0) ret = xstrdup(application + 4); else ret = xstrdup(application); /* Count trailing zeros in user */ for (i = 0; i < userlen; i++) { if (user[userlen - i - 1] != 0) break; } if (i >= userlen) return ret; /* user-id was default all-zeros */ /* Append user-id, escaping non-UTF-8 characters */ slen = userlen - i; if (asmprintf(&cp, INT_MAX, NULL, "%.*s", (int)slen, user) == -1) fatal_f("asmprintf failed"); /* Don't emit a user-id that contains path or control characters */ if (strchr(cp, '/') != NULL || strstr(cp, "..") != NULL || strchr(cp, '\\') != NULL) { free(cp); cp = tohex(user, slen); } xextendf(&ret, "_", "%s", cp); free(cp); return ret; } static int do_download_sk(const char *skprovider, const char *device) { struct sshsk_resident_key **srks; size_t nsrks, i; int r, ret = -1; char *fp, *pin = NULL, *pass = NULL, *path, *pubpath; const char *ext; struct sshkey *key; if (skprovider == NULL) fatal("Cannot download keys without provider"); pin = read_passphrase("Enter PIN for authenticator: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN); if (!quiet) { printf("You may need to touch your authenticator " "to authorize key download.\n"); } if ((r = sshsk_load_resident(skprovider, device, pin, 0, &srks, &nsrks)) != 0) { if (pin != NULL) freezero(pin, strlen(pin)); error_r(r, "Unable to load resident keys"); return -1; } if (nsrks == 0) logit("No keys to download"); if (pin != NULL) freezero(pin, strlen(pin)); for (i = 0; i < nsrks; i++) { key = srks[i]->key; if (key->type != KEY_ECDSA_SK && key->type != KEY_ED25519_SK) { error("Unsupported key type %s (%d)", sshkey_type(key), key->type); continue; } if ((fp = sshkey_fingerprint(key, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT)) == NULL) fatal_f("sshkey_fingerprint failed"); debug_f("key %zu: %s %s %s (flags 0x%02x)", i, sshkey_type(key), fp, key->sk_application, key->sk_flags); ext = sk_suffix(key->sk_application, srks[i]->user_id, srks[i]->user_id_len); xasprintf(&path, "id_%s_rk%s%s", key->type == KEY_ECDSA_SK ? "ecdsa_sk" : "ed25519_sk", *ext == '\0' ? "" : "_", ext); /* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */ if (!confirm_overwrite(path)) { free(path); break; } /* Save the key with the application string as the comment */ if (pass == NULL) pass = private_key_passphrase(); if ((r = sshkey_save_private(key, path, pass, key->sk_application, private_key_format, openssh_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) { error_r(r, "Saving key \"%s\" failed", path); free(path); break; } if (!quiet) { printf("Saved %s key%s%s to %s\n", sshkey_type(key), *ext != '\0' ? " " : "", *ext != '\0' ? key->sk_application : "", path); } /* Save public key too */ xasprintf(&pubpath, "%s.pub", path); free(path); if ((r = sshkey_save_public(key, pubpath, key->sk_application)) != 0) { error_r(r, "Saving public key \"%s\" failed", pubpath); free(pubpath); break; } free(pubpath); } if (i >= nsrks) ret = 0; /* success */ if (pass != NULL) freezero(pass, strlen(pass)); sshsk_free_resident_keys(srks, nsrks); return ret; } static void save_attestation(struct sshbuf *attest, const char *path) { mode_t omask; int r; if (path == NULL) return; /* nothing to do */ if (attest == NULL || sshbuf_len(attest) == 0) fatal("Enrollment did not return attestation data"); omask = umask(077); r = sshbuf_write_file(path, attest); umask(omask); if (r != 0) fatal_r(r, "Unable to write attestation data \"%s\"", path); if (!quiet) printf("Your FIDO attestation certificate has been saved in " "%s\n", path); } static int confirm_sk_overwrite(const char *application, const char *user) { char yesno[3]; printf("A resident key scoped to '%s' with user id '%s' already " "exists.\n", application == NULL ? "ssh:" : application, user == NULL ? "null" : user); printf("Overwrite key in token (y/n)? "); fflush(stdout); if (fgets(yesno, sizeof(yesno), stdin) == NULL) return 0; if (yesno[0] != 'y' && yesno[0] != 'Y') return 0; return 1; } static void usage(void) { fprintf(stderr, "usage: ssh-keygen [-q] [-a rounds] [-b bits] [-C comment] [-f output_keyfile]\n" " [-m format] [-N new_passphrase] [-O option]\n" " [-t dsa | ecdsa | ecdsa-sk | ed25519 | ed25519-sk | rsa]\n" " [-w provider] [-Z cipher]\n" " ssh-keygen -p [-a rounds] [-f keyfile] [-m format] [-N new_passphrase]\n" " [-P old_passphrase] [-Z cipher]\n" #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL " ssh-keygen -i [-f input_keyfile] [-m key_format]\n" " ssh-keygen -e [-f input_keyfile] [-m key_format]\n" #endif " ssh-keygen -y [-f input_keyfile]\n" " ssh-keygen -c [-a rounds] [-C comment] [-f keyfile] [-P passphrase]\n" " ssh-keygen -l [-v] [-E fingerprint_hash] [-f input_keyfile]\n" " ssh-keygen -B [-f input_keyfile]\n"); #ifdef ENABLE_PKCS11 fprintf(stderr, " ssh-keygen -D pkcs11\n"); #endif fprintf(stderr, " ssh-keygen -F hostname [-lv] [-f known_hosts_file]\n" " ssh-keygen -H [-f known_hosts_file]\n" " ssh-keygen -K [-a rounds] [-w provider]\n" " ssh-keygen -R hostname [-f known_hosts_file]\n" " ssh-keygen -r hostname [-g] [-f input_keyfile]\n" #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL " ssh-keygen -M generate [-O option] output_file\n" " ssh-keygen -M screen [-f input_file] [-O option] output_file\n" #endif " ssh-keygen -I certificate_identity -s ca_key [-hU] [-D pkcs11_provider]\n" " [-n principals] [-O option] [-V validity_interval]\n" " [-z serial_number] file ...\n" " ssh-keygen -L [-f input_keyfile]\n" " ssh-keygen -A [-a rounds] [-f prefix_path]\n" " ssh-keygen -k -f krl_file [-u] [-s ca_public] [-z version_number]\n" " file ...\n" " ssh-keygen -Q [-l] -f krl_file [file ...]\n" " ssh-keygen -Y find-principals -s signature_file -f allowed_signers_file\n" " ssh-keygen -Y match-principals -I signer_identity -f allowed_signers_file\n" " ssh-keygen -Y check-novalidate -n namespace -s signature_file\n" " ssh-keygen -Y sign -f key_file -n namespace file [-O option] ...\n" " ssh-keygen -Y verify -f allowed_signers_file -I signer_identity\n" " -n namespace -s signature_file [-r krl_file] [-O option]\n"); exit(1); } /* * Main program for key management. */ int main(int argc, char **argv) { char comment[1024], *passphrase = NULL; char *rr_hostname = NULL, *ep, *fp, *ra; struct sshkey *private, *public; struct passwd *pw; int r, opt, type; int change_passphrase = 0, change_comment = 0, show_cert = 0; int find_host = 0, delete_host = 0, hash_hosts = 0; int gen_all_hostkeys = 0, gen_krl = 0, update_krl = 0, check_krl = 0; int prefer_agent = 0, convert_to = 0, convert_from = 0; int print_public = 0, print_generic = 0, cert_serial_autoinc = 0; int do_gen_candidates = 0, do_screen_candidates = 0, download_sk = 0; unsigned long long cert_serial = 0; char *identity_comment = NULL, *ca_key_path = NULL, **opts = NULL; char *sk_application = NULL, *sk_device = NULL, *sk_user = NULL; char *sk_attestation_path = NULL; struct sshbuf *challenge = NULL, *attest = NULL; size_t i, nopts = 0; u_int32_t bits = 0; uint8_t sk_flags = SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD; const char *errstr; int log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO; char *sign_op = NULL; extern int optind; extern char *optarg; /* Ensure that fds 0, 1 and 2 are open or directed to /dev/null */ sanitise_stdfd(); __progname = ssh_get_progname(argv[0]); seed_rng(); log_init(argv[0], SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1); msetlocale(); /* we need this for the home * directory. */ pw = getpwuid(getuid()); if (!pw) fatal("No user exists for uid %lu", (u_long)getuid()); pw = pwcopy(pw); if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) == -1) fatal("gethostname: %s", strerror(errno)); sk_provider = getenv("SSH_SK_PROVIDER"); /* Remaining characters: dGjJSTWx */ while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "ABHKLQUXceghiklopquvy" "C:D:E:F:I:M:N:O:P:R:V:Y:Z:" "a:b:f:g:m:n:r:s:t:w:z:")) != -1) { switch (opt) { case 'A': gen_all_hostkeys = 1; break; case 'b': bits = (u_int32_t)strtonum(optarg, 1, UINT32_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr) fatal("Bits has bad value %s (%s)", optarg, errstr); break; case 'E': fingerprint_hash = ssh_digest_alg_by_name(optarg); if (fingerprint_hash == -1) fatal("Invalid hash algorithm \"%s\"", optarg); break; case 'F': find_host = 1; rr_hostname = optarg; break; case 'H': hash_hosts = 1; break; case 'I': cert_key_id = optarg; break; case 'R': delete_host = 1; rr_hostname = optarg; break; case 'L': show_cert = 1; break; case 'l': print_fingerprint = 1; break; case 'B': print_bubblebabble = 1; break; case 'm': if (strcasecmp(optarg, "RFC4716") == 0 || strcasecmp(optarg, "ssh2") == 0) { convert_format = FMT_RFC4716; break; } if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PKCS8") == 0) { convert_format = FMT_PKCS8; private_key_format = SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PKCS8; break; } if (strcasecmp(optarg, "PEM") == 0) { convert_format = FMT_PEM; private_key_format = SSHKEY_PRIVATE_PEM; break; } fatal("Unsupported conversion format \"%s\"", optarg); case 'n': cert_principals = optarg; break; case 'o': /* no-op; new format is already the default */ break; case 'p': change_passphrase = 1; break; case 'c': change_comment = 1; break; case 'f': if (strlcpy(identity_file, optarg, sizeof(identity_file)) >= sizeof(identity_file)) fatal("Identity filename too long"); have_identity = 1; break; case 'g': print_generic = 1; break; case 'K': download_sk = 1; break; case 'P': identity_passphrase = optarg; break; case 'N': identity_new_passphrase = optarg; break; case 'Q': check_krl = 1; break; case 'O': opts = xrecallocarray(opts, nopts, nopts + 1, sizeof(*opts)); opts[nopts++] = xstrdup(optarg); break; case 'Z': openssh_format_cipher = optarg; if (cipher_by_name(openssh_format_cipher) == NULL) fatal("Invalid OpenSSH-format cipher '%s'", openssh_format_cipher); break; case 'C': identity_comment = optarg; break; case 'q': quiet = 1; break; case 'e': /* export key */ convert_to = 1; break; case 'h': cert_key_type = SSH2_CERT_TYPE_HOST; certflags_flags = 0; break; case 'k': gen_krl = 1; break; case 'i': case 'X': /* import key */ convert_from = 1; break; case 'y': print_public = 1; break; case 's': ca_key_path = optarg; break; case 't': key_type_name = optarg; break; case 'D': pkcs11provider = optarg; break; case 'U': prefer_agent = 1; break; case 'u': update_krl = 1; break; case 'v': if (log_level == SYSLOG_LEVEL_INFO) log_level = SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1; else { if (log_level >= SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG1 && log_level < SYSLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG3) log_level++; } break; case 'r': rr_hostname = optarg; break; case 'a': rounds = (int)strtonum(optarg, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr); if (errstr) fatal("Invalid number: %s (%s)", optarg, errstr); break; case 'V': parse_cert_times(optarg); break; case 'Y': sign_op = optarg; break; case 'w': sk_provider = optarg; break; case 'z': errno = 0; if (*optarg == '+') { cert_serial_autoinc = 1; optarg++; } cert_serial = strtoull(optarg, &ep, 10); if (*optarg < '0' || *optarg > '9' || *ep != '\0' || (errno == ERANGE && cert_serial == ULLONG_MAX)) fatal("Invalid serial number \"%s\"", optarg); break; case 'M': if (strcmp(optarg, "generate") == 0) do_gen_candidates = 1; else if (strcmp(optarg, "screen") == 0) do_screen_candidates = 1; else fatal("Unsupported moduli option %s", optarg); break; default: usage(); } } #ifdef ENABLE_SK_INTERNAL if (sk_provider == NULL) sk_provider = "internal"; #endif /* reinit */ log_init(argv[0], log_level, SYSLOG_FACILITY_USER, 1); argv += optind; argc -= optind; if (sign_op != NULL) { if (strncmp(sign_op, "find-principals", 15) == 0) { if (ca_key_path == NULL) { error("Too few arguments for find-principals:" "missing signature file"); exit(1); } if (!have_identity) { error("Too few arguments for find-principals:" "missing allowed keys file"); exit(1); } return sig_find_principals(ca_key_path, identity_file, opts, nopts); } else if (strncmp(sign_op, "match-principals", 16) == 0) { if (!have_identity) { error("Too few arguments for match-principals:" "missing allowed keys file"); exit(1); } if (cert_key_id == NULL) { error("Too few arguments for match-principals: " "missing principal ID"); exit(1); } return sig_match_principals(identity_file, cert_key_id, opts, nopts); } else if (strncmp(sign_op, "sign", 4) == 0) { /* NB. cert_principals is actually namespace, via -n */ if (cert_principals == NULL || *cert_principals == '\0') { error("Too few arguments for sign: " "missing namespace"); exit(1); } if (!have_identity) { error("Too few arguments for sign: " "missing key"); exit(1); } return sig_sign(identity_file, cert_principals, prefer_agent, argc, argv, opts, nopts); } else if (strncmp(sign_op, "check-novalidate", 16) == 0) { /* NB. cert_principals is actually namespace, via -n */ if (cert_principals == NULL || *cert_principals == '\0') { error("Too few arguments for check-novalidate: " "missing namespace"); exit(1); } if (ca_key_path == NULL) { error("Too few arguments for check-novalidate: " "missing signature file"); exit(1); } return sig_verify(ca_key_path, cert_principals, NULL, NULL, NULL, opts, nopts); } else if (strncmp(sign_op, "verify", 6) == 0) { /* NB. cert_principals is actually namespace, via -n */ if (cert_principals == NULL || *cert_principals == '\0') { error("Too few arguments for verify: " "missing namespace"); exit(1); } if (ca_key_path == NULL) { error("Too few arguments for verify: " "missing signature file"); exit(1); } if (!have_identity) { error("Too few arguments for sign: " "missing allowed keys file"); exit(1); } if (cert_key_id == NULL) { error("Too few arguments for verify: " "missing principal identity"); exit(1); } return sig_verify(ca_key_path, cert_principals, cert_key_id, identity_file, rr_hostname, opts, nopts); } error("Unsupported operation for -Y: \"%s\"", sign_op); usage(); /* NOTREACHED */ } if (ca_key_path != NULL) { if (argc < 1 && !gen_krl) { error("Too few arguments."); usage(); } } else if (argc > 0 && !gen_krl && !check_krl && !do_gen_candidates && !do_screen_candidates) { error("Too many arguments."); usage(); } if (change_passphrase && change_comment) { error("Can only have one of -p and -c."); usage(); } if (print_fingerprint && (delete_host || hash_hosts)) { error("Cannot use -l with -H or -R."); usage(); } if (gen_krl) { do_gen_krl(pw, update_krl, ca_key_path, cert_serial, identity_comment, argc, argv); return (0); } if (check_krl) { do_check_krl(pw, print_fingerprint, argc, argv); return (0); } if (ca_key_path != NULL) { if (cert_key_id == NULL) fatal("Must specify key id (-I) when certifying"); for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) add_cert_option(opts[i]); do_ca_sign(pw, ca_key_path, prefer_agent, cert_serial, cert_serial_autoinc, argc, argv); } if (show_cert) do_show_cert(pw); if (delete_host || hash_hosts || find_host) { do_known_hosts(pw, rr_hostname, find_host, delete_host, hash_hosts); } if (pkcs11provider != NULL) do_download(pw); if (download_sk) { for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) { if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "device=", 7) == 0) { sk_device = xstrdup(opts[i] + 7); } else { fatal("Option \"%s\" is unsupported for " "FIDO authenticator download", opts[i]); } } return do_download_sk(sk_provider, sk_device); } if (print_fingerprint || print_bubblebabble) do_fingerprint(pw); if (change_passphrase) do_change_passphrase(pw); if (change_comment) do_change_comment(pw, identity_comment); #ifdef WITH_OPENSSL if (convert_to) do_convert_to(pw); if (convert_from) do_convert_from(pw); #else /* WITH_OPENSSL */ if (convert_to || convert_from) fatal("key conversion disabled at compile time"); #endif /* WITH_OPENSSL */ if (print_public) do_print_public(pw); if (rr_hostname != NULL) { unsigned int n = 0; if (have_identity) { n = do_print_resource_record(pw, identity_file, rr_hostname, print_generic, opts, nopts); if (n == 0) fatal("%s: %s", identity_file, strerror(errno)); exit(0); } else { n += do_print_resource_record(pw, _PATH_HOST_RSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname, print_generic, opts, nopts); n += do_print_resource_record(pw, _PATH_HOST_DSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname, print_generic, opts, nopts); n += do_print_resource_record(pw, _PATH_HOST_ECDSA_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname, print_generic, opts, nopts); n += do_print_resource_record(pw, _PATH_HOST_ED25519_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname, print_generic, opts, nopts); n += do_print_resource_record(pw, _PATH_HOST_XMSS_KEY_FILE, rr_hostname, print_generic, opts, nopts); if (n == 0) fatal("no keys found."); exit(0); } } if (do_gen_candidates || do_screen_candidates) { if (argc <= 0) fatal("No output file specified"); else if (argc > 1) fatal("Too many output files specified"); } if (do_gen_candidates) { do_moduli_gen(argv[0], opts, nopts); return 0; } if (do_screen_candidates) { do_moduli_screen(argv[0], opts, nopts); return 0; } if (gen_all_hostkeys) { do_gen_all_hostkeys(pw); return (0); } if (key_type_name == NULL) key_type_name = DEFAULT_KEY_TYPE_NAME; type = sshkey_type_from_name(key_type_name); type_bits_valid(type, key_type_name, &bits); if (!quiet) printf("Generating public/private %s key pair.\n", key_type_name); switch (type) { case KEY_ECDSA_SK: case KEY_ED25519_SK: for (i = 0; i < nopts; i++) { if (strcasecmp(opts[i], "no-touch-required") == 0) { sk_flags &= ~SSH_SK_USER_PRESENCE_REQD; } else if (strcasecmp(opts[i], "verify-required") == 0) { sk_flags |= SSH_SK_USER_VERIFICATION_REQD; } else if (strcasecmp(opts[i], "resident") == 0) { sk_flags |= SSH_SK_RESIDENT_KEY; } else if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "device=", 7) == 0) { sk_device = xstrdup(opts[i] + 7); } else if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "user=", 5) == 0) { sk_user = xstrdup(opts[i] + 5); } else if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "challenge=", 10) == 0) { if ((r = sshbuf_load_file(opts[i] + 10, &challenge)) != 0) { fatal_r(r, "Unable to load FIDO " "enrollment challenge \"%s\"", opts[i] + 10); } } else if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "write-attestation=", 18) == 0) { sk_attestation_path = opts[i] + 18; } else if (strncasecmp(opts[i], "application=", 12) == 0) { sk_application = xstrdup(opts[i] + 12); if (strncmp(sk_application, "ssh:", 4) != 0) { fatal("FIDO application string must " "begin with \"ssh:\""); } } else { fatal("Option \"%s\" is unsupported for " "FIDO authenticator enrollment", opts[i]); } } if ((attest = sshbuf_new()) == NULL) fatal("sshbuf_new failed"); r = 0; for (i = 0 ;;) { if (!quiet) { printf("You may need to touch your " "authenticator%s to authorize key " "generation.\n", r == 0 ? "" : " again"); } fflush(stdout); r = sshsk_enroll(type, sk_provider, sk_device, sk_application == NULL ? "ssh:" : sk_application, sk_user, sk_flags, passphrase, challenge, &private, attest); if (r == 0) break; if (r == SSH_ERR_KEY_BAD_PERMISSIONS && (sk_flags & SSH_SK_RESIDENT_KEY) != 0 && (sk_flags & SSH_SK_FORCE_OPERATION) == 0 && confirm_sk_overwrite(sk_application, sk_user)) { sk_flags |= SSH_SK_FORCE_OPERATION; continue; } if (r != SSH_ERR_KEY_WRONG_PASSPHRASE) fatal_r(r, "Key enrollment failed"); else if (passphrase != NULL) { error("PIN incorrect"); freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase)); passphrase = NULL; } if (++i >= 3) fatal("Too many incorrect PINs"); passphrase = read_passphrase("Enter PIN for " "authenticator: ", RP_ALLOW_STDIN); } if (passphrase != NULL) { freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase)); passphrase = NULL; } break; default: if ((r = sshkey_generate(type, bits, &private)) != 0) fatal("sshkey_generate failed"); break; } if ((r = sshkey_from_private(private, &public)) != 0) fatal_r(r, "sshkey_from_private"); if (!have_identity) ask_filename(pw, "Enter file in which to save the key"); /* Create ~/.ssh directory if it doesn't already exist. */ hostfile_create_user_ssh_dir(identity_file, !quiet); /* If the file already exists, ask the user to confirm. */ if (!confirm_overwrite(identity_file)) exit(1); /* Determine the passphrase for the private key */ passphrase = private_key_passphrase(); if (identity_comment) { strlcpy(comment, identity_comment, sizeof(comment)); } else { /* Create default comment field for the passphrase. */ snprintf(comment, sizeof comment, "%s@%s", pw->pw_name, hostname); } /* Save the key with the given passphrase and comment. */ if ((r = sshkey_save_private(private, identity_file, passphrase, comment, private_key_format, openssh_format_cipher, rounds)) != 0) { error_r(r, "Saving key \"%s\" failed", identity_file); freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase)); exit(1); } freezero(passphrase, strlen(passphrase)); sshkey_free(private); if (!quiet) { printf("Your identification has been saved in %s\n", identity_file); } strlcat(identity_file, ".pub", sizeof(identity_file)); if ((r = sshkey_save_public(public, identity_file, comment)) != 0) fatal_r(r, "Unable to save public key to %s", identity_file); if (!quiet) { fp = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_DEFAULT); ra = sshkey_fingerprint(public, fingerprint_hash, SSH_FP_RANDOMART); if (fp == NULL || ra == NULL) fatal("sshkey_fingerprint failed"); printf("Your public key has been saved in %s\n", identity_file); printf("The key fingerprint is:\n"); printf("%s %s\n", fp, comment); printf("The key's randomart image is:\n"); printf("%s\n", ra); free(ra); free(fp); } if (sk_attestation_path != NULL) save_attestation(attest, sk_attestation_path); sshbuf_free(attest); sshkey_free(public); exit(0); }