diff --git a/contrib/tzdata/australasia b/contrib/tzdata/australasia index a2c5ee86eecf..eba0fad1c213 100644 --- a/contrib/tzdata/australasia +++ b/contrib/tzdata/australasia @@ -1,2192 +1,2206 @@ # tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. # This file also includes Pacific islands. # Notes are at the end of this file ############################################################################### # Australia # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00s 1:00 D # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Northern Territory Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 9:30 Aus AC%sT # Western Australia # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 8:00 AW AW%sT Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 # Queensland # # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after # Queensland ceased to. # # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, # so use Lindeman. # # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): # There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday # islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the # north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and # Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone # applies to all of the Whitsundays. # http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 10:00 AQ AE%sT Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 10:00 Holiday AE%sT # South Australia # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 9:30 AS AC%sT # Tasmania # # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AT 1916 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1917 1918 - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1918 1919 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1968 only - Mar Sun>=29 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 10:00 AT AE%sT 1919 Oct 24 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 10:00 AT AE%sT # Victoria # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 10:00 AV AE%sT # New South Wales # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 10:00 AN AE%sT Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 9:30 AS AC%sT # Lord Howe Island # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 10:30 LH +1030/+11 # Australian miscellany # # Ashmore Is, Cartier # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers # no times are set # # Coral Sea Is # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists # no times are set # # Macquarie # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. # # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do # on 4 April. # # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by # pre-2013 versions of localtime. Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 10:00 1:00 AEDT 2011 10:00 AT AE%sT # Christmas # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 7:00 - +07 # Cocos (Keeling) Is # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 6:30 - +0630 # Fiji # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. # # "Daylight savings to commence this month" # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved # amendments: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). # # Official source: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 # # A bit more background info here: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). # # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 # which says # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to # 2am on February 26 next year. # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. # # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 # states: # # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start # on the 23rd of October, 2011. # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): # DST will start Nov. 2 this year. # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx # From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 # in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), # via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): # the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time # commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at # 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. # From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx # "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when # clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will # end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." # From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): # Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing # Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), # [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. # From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13): # http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/ # ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019. # From Paul Eggert (2019-08-06): # Today Raymond Kumar reported the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 27 # (2019-08-02) said that Fiji observes DST "commencing at 2.00 am on # Sunday, 10 November 2019 and ending at 3.00 am on Sunday, 12 January 2020." # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the second Sunday in November to 03:00 # the first Sunday on or after January 12. January transitions reportedly # depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches # transitions planned this year and seems more likely to match future practice # than guessing no DST. # From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06): # https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/downloadfile/848 # From Raymond Kumar (2020-10-08): # [DST in Fiji] is from December 20th 2020, till 17th January 2021. # From Alan Mintz (2020-10-08): # https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/GetFile/1071 # From Tim Parenti (2020-10-08): # https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Daylight-saving-from-Dec-20th-this-year-to-Jan-17th-2021-8rf4x5/ # "Minister for Employment, Parveen Bala says they had never thought of # stopping daylight saving. He says it was just to decide on when it should # start and end. Bala says it is a short period..." -# Since the end date is still in line with our ongoing predictions, assume for -# now that the later-than-usual start date is a one-time departure from the -# recent second Sunday in November pattern. +# +# From Tim Parenti (2021-10-11), per Jashneel Kumar (2021-10-11) and P Chan +# (2021-10-12): +# https://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Centre/Speeches/English/PM-BAINIMARAMA-S-COVID-19-ANNOUNCEMENT-10-10-21 +# https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/covid-19/curfew-moved-back-to-11pm/ +# In a 2021-10-10 speech concerning updated Covid-19 mitigation measures in +# Fiji, prime minister Josaia Voreqe "Frank" Bainimarama announced the +# suspension of DST for the 2021/2022 season: "Given that we are in the process +# of readjusting in the midst of so many changes, we will also put Daylight +# Savings Time on hold for this year. It will also make the reopening of +# scheduled commercial air service much smoother if we don't have to be +# concerned shifting arrival and departure times, which may look like a simple +# thing but requires some significant logistical adjustments domestically and +# internationally." +# Assume for now that DST will resume with the recent pre-2020 rules for the +# 2022/2023 season. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - Rule Fiji 2014 2018 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - -Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 - +Rule Fiji 2015 2021 - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 - Rule Fiji 2019 only - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - Rule Fiji 2020 only - Dec 20 2:00 1:00 - -Rule Fiji 2021 max - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Fiji 2022 max - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Fiji 2023 max - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 # French Polynesia # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea -9:00 - -09 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct -9:30 - -0930 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete -10:00 - -10 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; # it is uninhabited. # Guam # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf Rule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf Rule Guam 1961 only - Jan 29 2:00 0 S # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf Rule Guam 1967 only - Sep 1 2:00 1:00 D # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf Rule Guam 1969 only - Jan 26 0:01 0 S # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf Rule Guam 1969 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D Rule Guam 1969 only - Aug 31 2:00 0 S # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf Rule Guam 1973 only - Dec 16 2:00 1:00 D # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf Rule Guam 1974 only - Feb 24 2:00 0 S # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf Rule Guam 1976 only - May 26 2:00 1:00 D # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf Rule Guam 1976 only - Aug 22 2:01 0 S # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf Rule Guam 1977 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 D # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf Rule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 31 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is # Kiribati # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 12:00 - +12 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 13:00 - +13 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31 14:00 - +14 # N Mariana Is # See Pacific/Guam. # Marshall Is # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 11:00 - +11 1937 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 12:00 - +12 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 11:00 - +11 1937 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 9:00 - +09 1944 Feb 6 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 24:00 12:00 - +12 # Micronesia # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 10:00 - +10 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 11:00 - +11 1937 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 11:00 - +11 Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 11:00 - +11 1937 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 12:00 - +12 1999 11:00 - +11 # Nauru # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 11:30 - +1130 1942 Aug 29 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 8 11:30 - +1130 1979 Feb 10 2:00 12:00 - +12 # New Caledonia # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 11:00 NC +11/+12 ############################################################################### # New Zealand # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a # there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this # transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change # time to percolate out. Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 12:00 NZ NZ%sT Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo # Auckland Is # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, # and scientific personnel have wintered # Campbell I # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered # was probably like Pacific/Auckland # Cook Is # From Shanks & Pottenger: # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 ############################################################################### # Niue # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi -11:20 - -1120 1951 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 -11:00 - -11 # Norfolk # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 11:12 - +1112 1951 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00s 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00s 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00s 11:00 - +11 2019 Jul 11:00 AN +11/+12 # Palau (Belau) # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 9:00 - +09 # Papua New Guinea # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 10:00 - +10 # # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. # # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia # https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. # # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". # See: # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ # Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 11:00 - +11 # Pitcairn # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 -8:00 - -08 # American Samoa Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received # the following info: # # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first # Sunday of April 2011." # # Background info: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html # # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not # contain any dates: # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): # Please see # http://www.mcil.gov.ws # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] # # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock # (3:00am or 0300Hrs). # From David Zülke (2011-05-09): # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line # # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): # The International Date Line Act 2011 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf # changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted # accordingly. # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html # # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change # # DST # Year End Time Start Time # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - # # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours # # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html # # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. # # From Geoffrey D. Bennett (2021-09-20): # https://www.mcil.gov.ws/storage/2021/09/MCIL-Scan_20210920_120553.pdf # DST has been cancelled for this year. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - Rule WS 2012 2021 - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - Rule WS 2012 2020 - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 -11:30 - -1130 1950 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 13:00 WS +13/+14 # Solomon Is # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 11:00 - +11 # Tokelau # # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping # December 31 this year ... # # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... # Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change # actually was to UT-11 back then. # # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, # , page 65, says Tokelau # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger # are off by an hour starting in 1901. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 13:00 - +13 # Tonga # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 12:20 - +1220 1941 13:00 - +13 1999 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 # Tuvalu # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 12:00 - +12 # US minor outlying islands # Howland, Baker # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; # uninhabited thereafter. # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 # until they were abandoned after the war. # Jarvis # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; # uninhabited thereafter. # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati # Johnston # # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so # treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, # its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. # # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 # (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. # # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. # https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time # Minus One Hour". # Kingman # uninhabited # Midway # See Pacific/Pago_Pago. # Palmyra # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati # Wake # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 12:00 - +12 # Vanuatu # From P Chan (2020-11-27): # Joint Daylight Saving Regulation No 59 of 1973 # New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. December 1973 # http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1973/11.pdf#page=15 # # Joint Daylight Saving (Repeal) Regulation No 10 of 1974 # New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. March 1974 # http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1974/3.pdf#page=11 # # Summer Time Act No. 35 of 1982 [commenced 1983-09-01] # http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1982/32.pdf#page=48 # # Summer Time Act (Cap 157) # Laws of the Republic of Vanuatu Revised Edition 1988 # http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/sinodisp/vu/legis/consol_act1988/sta147/sta147.html # # Summer Time (Amendment) Act No. 6 of 1991 [commenced 1991-11-11] # http://www.paclii.org/vu/legis/num_act/sta1991227/ # # Summer Time (Repeal) Act No. 4 of 1993 [commenced 1993-05-03] # http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1993/15.pdf#page=59 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Vanuatu 1973 only - Dec 22 12:00u 1:00 - Rule Vanuatu 1974 only - Mar 30 12:00u 0 - Rule Vanuatu 1983 1991 - Sep Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sat>=22 24:00 0 - Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sat>=22 24:00 0 - Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 # Wallis and Futuna # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 12:00 - +12 ############################################################################### # NOTES # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): # # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. # # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source # for time zone data was the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. # # For data circa 1899, a common source is: # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). # # I invented the abbreviation marked "*". # The following abbreviations are from other sources. # Corrections are welcome! # std dst # LMT Local Mean Time # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia # 10:00 GST GDT* Guam through 2000 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present # -11:00 SST Samoa # -10:00 HST Hawaii # # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. ############################################################################### # Australia # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm # From P Chan (2020-11-20): # Daylight Saving Act 1916 (No. 40 of 1916) [1916-12-21, commenced 1917-01-01] # http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsa1916401916192/ # # Daylight Saving Repeal Act 1917 (No. 35 of 1917) [1917-09-25] # http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsra1917351917243/ # # Statutory Rules 1941, No. 323 [1941-12-24] # https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1941L00323 # # Statutory Rules 1942, No. 392 [1942-09-10] # https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1942L00392 # # Statutory Rules 1943, No. 241 [1943-09-29] # https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1943L00241 # # All transition times should be 02:00 standard time. # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving # covers New South Wales in particular. # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the # abbreviation does _not_ change... # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight # time'. # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): # # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: # # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au # # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au # # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: # # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au # # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). # # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." # # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: # # The Australian Government (2014-03-26) # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT # # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml # EST CST WST EDT CDT # # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) # # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT # # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) # https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used # # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to # appear in reports of events with international implications. # # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and # "AEDT" for Australian time zones. # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): # # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more # relevant entries in this database. # # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html # ACT # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html # SA # Standard Time Act, 1898 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. # # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan # to extend DST together in 2006. # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles # allude to it. # But not Queensland # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html # Northern Territory # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. # ... # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. # Western Australia # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus # # before reaching parliament. # ... # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST # ... # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at # work at 9.00am.) # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse # everybody again. # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; # it matches what was used in the past. # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. # From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01): # The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the # government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1, # 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption # would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing # to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See: # Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01. # https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/ # Queensland # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): # I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: # Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. # Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 # https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] # # [ Dec 1990 ] # ... # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST # ... # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from # October 1989). # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised # me.) # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... # ... # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S # ... # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): # WA are trialing DST for three years. # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South # Australia and Western Australia.... # # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): # This is confirmed by the section entitled # "What's the deal with time zones???" in # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html # # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern # coast of the continent. # # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is # the largest population centre in this zone.... # # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. # # (2006-12-09): # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. # # From Gilmore Davidson (2019-04-08): # https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-08/this-remote-stretch-of-desert-has-its-own-custom-time-zone/10981000 # ... include[s] a rough description of the geographical boundaries... # "The time zone exists for about 340 kilometres and takes in the tiny # roadhouse communities of Cocklebiddy, Madura, Eucla and Border Village." # ... and an indication that the zone has definitely been in existence # since before the 1970 cut-off of the database ... # From Paul Eggert (2019-05-17): # That ABC Esperance story by Christien de Garis also says: # Although the Central Western Time Zone is not officially recognised (your # phones won't automatically change), there is a sign instructing you which # way to wind your clocks 45 minutes and scrawled underneath one of them in # Texta is the word: 'Why'? # "Good question," Mr Pike said. # "I don't even know that, and it's been going for over 50 years." # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the # introduction of standard time in 1895. # southeast Australia # # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html # South Australia # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # ... # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST # ... # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival # is on... # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. # Tasmania # From P Chan (2020-11-20): # Tasmania observed DST in 1916-1919. # # Daylight Saving Act, 1916 (7 Geo V, No 2) [1916-09-22] # http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsa19167gvn2267/ # # Daylight Saving Amendment Act, 1917 (8 Geo V, No 5) [1917-10-01] # http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsaa19178gvn5347/ # # Daylight Saving Act Repeal Act, 1919 (10 Geo V, No 9) [1919-10-24] # http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsara191910gvn9339/ # # King Island is mentioned in the 1967 Act but not the 1968 Act. # Therefore it possibly observed DST from 1968/69. # # Daylight Saving Act 1967 (No. 33 of 1967) [1967-09-22] # http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196733o1967211/ # # Daylight Saving Act 1968 (No. 42 of 1968) [1968-10-15] # http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196842o1968211/ # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia # (but nothing new about that). # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 # instead of the first Sunday in October. # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. # Victoria # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located # in Melbourne, Australia. # # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the # expected time. # # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. # # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. # New South Wales # From Arthur David Olson: # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. # Based on law library research by John Mackin, # who notes: # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the # legislation. This is very important to understand. # I have researched New South Wales time only... # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): # See the following official NSW source: # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ # # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of # daylight saving next year. See: # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. # # Victoria will follow NSW. See: # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm # # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm # # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." # # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW # towns to use Queensland time. # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. # Yancowinna # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] # # [ Dec 1990 ] # ... # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not # # presently available. # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST # ... # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C # [followed by other Rules] # Lord Howe Island # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] # [ Dec 1990 ] # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an # hour ahead of NSW time. # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 # summer (southern hemisphere). # # From # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... # # We have a wrap-up here: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html ############################################################################### # New Zealand # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # ... # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S # ... # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 # rather than the October 1 value. # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. # # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. # # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). # https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match # LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. ############################################################################### # Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands and Marcus Island (Minami-Tori-shima) # From Wakaba (2019-01-28) via Phake Nick: # National Diet Library of Japan has several reports by Japanese Government # officers that describe the time used in islands when they visited there. # According to them (and other sources such as newspapers), standard time UTC # + 10 (JST + 1) and DST UTC + 11 (JST + 2) was used until its return to Japan # at 1968-06-26 00:00 JST. The exact periods of DST are still unknown. # I guessed Guam, Mariana, and Bonin and Marcus districts might have # synchronized their DST periods, but reports imply they had their own # decisions, i.e. there were three or more different time zones.... # # https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/小笠原諸島の標準時 # From Phake Nick (2019-02-12): # Because their last time change to return to Japanese time when they returned # to Japanese rule was right before 1970, ... per the current tz database # rule, the information doesn't warrant creation of a new timezone for Bonin # Islands itself and is thus as an anecdotal note for interest purpose only. # ... [The abovementioned link] described some special timekeeping phenomenon # regarding Marcus island, another remote island currently owned by Japanese # in the same administrative unit as Bonin Islands. Many reports claim that # the American coastal guard on the American quarter of the island use its own # coastal guard time, and most sources describe the time as UTC+11, being two # hours faster than JST used by some Japanese personnel on the island. Some # sites describe it as same as Wake Island/Guam time although it would be # incorrect to be same as Guam. And then in a few Japanese governmental # report from 1980s (from National Institute of Information and Communications # Technology) regarding the construction of VLBI facility on the Marcus # Island, it claimed that there are three time standards being used on the # island at the time which include not just JST (UTC+9) or [US]CG time # (UTC+11) but also a JMSDF time (UTC+10) (Japan Maritime Self-Defense # Force). Unfortunately there are no other sources that mentioned such time # and there are also no information on things like how the time was used. # Fiji # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. # From the BBC World Service in # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning # of the new millennium. # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. # Kiribati # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. # From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): # December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition # would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): # One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: # The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). # Kwajalein # From an AP article (1993-08-22): # "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good # excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one. Residents were # going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight # -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from # one side of the international date line to the other." # "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22. # https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): # ... pointed out that # currently tzdata say Pacific/Kwajalein switched from GMT+11 to GMT-12 in # 1969 October without explanation, however an 1993 article from NYT say it # synchorized its day with US mainland about 40 years ago and thus the switch # should occur at around 1950s instead. # # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): # The NYT (actually, AP) article is vague and possibly wrong about this. # The article says the earlier switch was "40 years ago when the United States # Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test # Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was # transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground" # . # Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined # to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence. # N Mariana Is, Guam # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): # Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ... # however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that # period. It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during # that period of time like the surrounding area. # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; # see Asia/Manila. # # Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start # and end of Japanese control of Agana. We don't know whether the Northern # Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume # they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff. # # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". # See also the commentary for Micronesia. # Marshall Is # See the commentary for Micronesia. # Micronesia (and nearby) # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): # Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies # kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844. # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." # # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): # # From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時 # ... # For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of # Micronesia + Marshall Islands): # # A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands # who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like # of German New Guinea. However there is a marking saying it have not been # implemented (yet). No further information after that were found. # # Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were # instructed to use JST at the time. # # 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use # the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the # longitude of the atoll. # 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until # February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST. # However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and # probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that # is if they keep their own time back then) # # In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area # into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1, # +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same # year. Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying # force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard # time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such. # * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area # (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) # * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil # administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time) # * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil # administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time). # * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been # formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal # governance structure have been established, these district [become # subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard # time of the area. # * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was # occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the # Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape # subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape # subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E # starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the # Marshall Islands. # # And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the # area into 2 timezones: # * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and # Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) # * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk), # Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern # Standard Time) # # Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year, # standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian # of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area. # # Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the # island. The webpage I linked above contain no information during this # period of time.... # # After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the # (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time # different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking # time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10. # # After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands # under American administration from year 1947. The site listed some # American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those # area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable # information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable # information can be found. # # # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): # # For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that # plausibly exist but for which the details are not known. The information # for Wake is too sketchy to act on. # # The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been # done, so omit it from the data for now. # # The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein. # Midway # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection # (2002-12-31): # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to # air at 6am your time. # # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years # in Midway, but we have no record of it. # Nauru # From Phake Nick (2018-10-31): # Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then # switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades. # However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then # showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時 # And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced. # ... # The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" # http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3 # based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" # http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru # Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb. # # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19): # The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in # "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935), # page 3, which does not give the UT offset. In response to a comment by # Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to # 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from: # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru # Norfolk # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf # From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST # other than in 1974/5. See: # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html # However, disagree with timeanddate about the 1975-03-02 transition; # timeanddate has 02:00 but 02:00s corresponds to what the NSW law said # (thanks to Michael Deckers). # Norfolk started observing Australian DST in spring 2019. # From Kyle Czech (2019-08-13): # https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2018L01702 # From Michael Deckers (2019-08-14): # https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2019C00010 # Palau # See commentary for Micronesia. # Pitcairn # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. # # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known # as Pitcairn Standard Time. # # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation # somehow in light of this proclamation. # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 # ... at midnight. # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa # Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean # time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." # This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 # in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. # Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. # Tonga # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm # # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13° # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). # # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. # # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 # minutes we have lost?" # # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth # to say your prayers in the morning." # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan # Government. # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): # * Tonga will introduce DST in November # # I was given this link by John Letts: # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm # # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead # (12 + 1 hour DST). # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): # According to : # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and # set back an hour on the closing date." # Alas, no indication of the time of day. # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. # (Original URL was ) # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one # hour to 1:00am. # From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. # From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): # http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 # Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen # the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. # # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): # Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 # through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. # From David Wade (2017-10-18): # In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister # continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few # decisions will be made until elections 16th November. # # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): # For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. # Wake # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): # # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost # impossible. # # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. # See also the commentary for Micronesia. ############################################################################### # The International Date Line # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): # # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. # # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the # correct date is ambiguous. # From Wikipedia (2005-08-31): # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many # independent merchant ships until World War II. # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen # (2005-03-20): # # The American Practical Navigator (2002) # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in # international waters; it ignores the international date line. diff --git a/contrib/tzdata/europe b/contrib/tzdata/europe index bba4d5648228..d91e0ce5f8f7 100644 --- a/contrib/tzdata/europe +++ b/contrib/tzdata/europe @@ -1,4196 +1,4199 @@ # tzdb data for Europe and environs # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): # # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. # # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source # for time zone data was the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). # # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. # # Other sources occasionally used include: # # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), # which I found in the UCLA library. # # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition # # [PDF] (1914-03) # # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 # . He writes: # "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. # # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. # This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html # The full Russian citation is: # Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток # введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го # июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград: # Десятая гос. тип., 1919. # http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf # # Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO), # History of Summer Time # # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) # # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; # the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time, # or are from other sources. Corrections are welcome! # std dst 2dst # LMT Local Mean Time # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe # 0:19:32.13 AMT* NST* Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937) # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971) # 1:00 IST GMT Irish Standard (1968-) with winter DST # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899) # 1:36:34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)* # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe # 3:00 MSK MSD MDST* Moscow # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), re EEC/EC/EU members: # The original six: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, # Luxembourg, the Netherlands. # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) # ... # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. # ... # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed # in the Directive. ############################################################################### # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): # # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph # of the text said: # # 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking # along the towpath within a few yards of it.' # # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's # position is 51° 28' 30" N, 0° 18' 45" W. The longitude should # be within about ±2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. # # [This yields STDOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): # # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. # # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19): # The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time # informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year. # Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the # New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946), # whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value # after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research. # In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society # that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See: # Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30°. # Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734 # http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html # Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal # did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten. # # In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915), # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society # who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, # designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial, # which is permanently set to Summer Time. # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the # foundations of civilization throughout the world. # -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; # republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 # https://www.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-114/a-silent-toast-to-william-willett-by-winston-s-churchill # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". # The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see: # Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press # ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8. # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) # From: Jonathan Leffler # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in # politics making a fortune, not computing. # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. # https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png # https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time # which is to be introduced in May.... # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" # which could not be said to run counter to any official description. # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): # Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, # so we use 'BDST'. # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating # and extending this list, which can be found in # https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): # # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; # see Lord Tanlaw's speech # https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. # # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger # are incorrect: # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. # It actually just had one transition. # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. # Actually, it conformed to Britain. # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). # # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to # conform with Great Britain. # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. # # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; # we'll ignore it for now. # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. # From Paul Eggert (2017-12-04): # # Dunsink Observatory (8 km NW of Dublin's center) was to Dublin as # Greenwich was to London. For example: # # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." # -- James Joyce, Ulysses # # The abbreviation DMT stood for "Dublin Mean Time" or "Dunsink Mean Time"; # this being Ireland, opinions differed. # # Whitman says Dublin/Dunsink Mean Time was UT-00:25:21, which agrees # with measurements of recent visitors to the Meridian Room of Dunsink # Observatory; see Malone D. Dunsink and timekeeping. 2016-01-24. # . Malone # writes that the Nautical Almanac listed UT-00:25:22 until 1896, when # it moved to UT-00:25:21.1 (I confirmed that the 1893 edition used # the former and the 1896 edition used the latter). Evidently the # news of this change propagated slowly, as Milne 1899 still lists # UT-00:25:22 and cites the International Telegraph Bureau. As it is # not clear that there was any practical significance to the change # from UT-00:25:22 to UT-00:25:21.1 in civil timekeeping, omit this # transition for now and just use the latter value, omitting its # fraction since our format cannot represent fractions. # "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time # was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that # would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed # Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'." # -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising. # Irish Times 2014-10-27. # https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): # Irish laws are available online at . # These include various relating to legal time, for example: # # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html # # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html # # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html # # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html # # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is # .] # # (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover # the laws applicable in Ireland.) # # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time # being GMT+1.) # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): # Clive Feather (, 1997-03-31) # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time # (CT), equivalent to French civil time. # Julian Hill (, 1998-09-30) reports that # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) # and Frethun run in CT. # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, # and that the time depends on who you're talking to. # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC. # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". # # From Paul Eggert (2017-12-07): # The 1996 anonymous contributor's goal was to determine the correct # abbreviation for summer time in Dublin and so the contributor # focused on the "IST", not on the "Irish Summer Time". Though the # "IST" was correct, the "Irish Summer Time" appears to have been an # error, as Ireland's Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971 states that # standard time in Ireland remains at UT +01 and is observed in # summer, and that Greenwich mean time is observed in winter. (Thanks # to Derick Rethans for pointing out the error.) That is, when # Ireland amended the 1968 act that established UT +01 as Irish # Standard Time, it left standard time unchanged and established GMT # as a negative daylight saving time in winter. So, in this database # IST stands for Irish Summer Time for timestamps before 1968, and for # Irish Standard Time after that. See: # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1971/act/17/enacted/en/print # Michael Deckers (2017-06-01) gave the following URLs for Ireland's # Summer Time Act, 1925 and Summer Time Orders, 1926 and 1947: # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1925/act/8/enacted/en/print # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Summer Time Act, 1916 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT # The Summer Time Act, 1922 Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST # The Summer Time Act, 1925 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST # The Summer Time Act, 1947 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST # The British Standard Time Act, 1968 # (no summer time) # The Summer Time Act, 1972 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) # See EU for rules starting in 1996. # # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 0:00 EU GMT/BST Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-15): # In January 2018 we discovered that the negative SAVE values in the # Eire rules cause problems with tests for ICU: # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025825.html # and with tests for OpenJDK: # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025822.html # # To work around this problem, the build procedure can translate the # following data into two forms, one with negative SAVE values and the # other form with a traditional approximation for Irish timestamps # after 1971-10-31 02:00 UTC; although this approximation has tm_isdst # flags that are reversed, its UTC offsets are correct and this often # suffices. This source file currently uses only nonnegative SAVE # values, but this is intended to change and downstream code should # not rely on it. # # The following is like GB-Eire and EU, except with standard time in # summer and negative daylight saving time in winter. It is for when # negative SAVE values are used. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 2:00u -1:00 - Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00u 0 - Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00u -1:00 - Rule Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 0 - Rule Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u -1:00 - Rule Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u -1:00 - Rule Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u -1:00 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00s 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00s 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00s 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00s 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00s 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1:00 Eire IST/GMT # Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. # 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u # 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 # 0:00 EU GMT/IST # End of rearguard section. ############################################################################### # Europe # The following rules are for the European Union and for its # predecessor organization, the European Communities. # For brevity they are called "EU rules" elsewhere in this file. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. # http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13): # # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the # tz database itself, as seen below: # # Zone Europe/Paris ... # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 # # Zone Europe/Monaco ... # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 # # Zone Europe/Belgrade ... # 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s # # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - # # The rule line to be changed is: # # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - # # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items # affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms # CET and MET: # # Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT # Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT # # It this is right then the corrected version would look like: # # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - # # A small step for mankind though 8-) Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - # Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union # # The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23). # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time # # Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time # # Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST # # Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST # Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 0:00u 1:00 MSD Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK # # Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD # # Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 +05 # Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - # Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - # Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in # Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S # Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - # As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data. # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): # Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of # Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the # Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227. # # I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have # title at https://base.garant.ru/70754136/ : # "About change in calculation of time on the territories of # Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan, # Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts". # And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to # contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules # of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov # oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989: # a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast: # second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1); # b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt # rules (Moscow time) # c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1). # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): # Unamended version of the act of the # Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992 # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0 # says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday # of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September # at 3 hours. It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. # # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 # # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): # https://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered # to be standard. # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): # The official German names ... are # # Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 # Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 # # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution # # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" # Postfach 3345 # D-38023 Braunschweig # phone: +49 531 592-0 # # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as # # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 # Albania # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 1:00 EU CE%sT # Andorra # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 1:00 EU CE%sT # Austria # Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" # date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. -# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-22): +# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-22): # In 1946 the end of DST was on Monday, 7 October 1946, at 3:00 am. # Shanks had this right. Source: Die Weltpresse, 5. Oktober 1946, page 5. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Austria 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - Rule Austria 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 1:00 - CET 1946 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 1:00 EU CE%sT # Belarus # # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02): # http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm # (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from # 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00 # on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September # (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations). # # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). # # Sources (Russian language): # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ # https://news.tut.by/society/250578.html # # From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09): # Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time.... # http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html # # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3:00 - +03 # Belgium # # From Michael Deckers (2019-08-25): # The exposition in the web page # https://www.bestor.be/wiki/index.php/Voyager_dans_le_temps._L%E2%80%99introduction_de_la_norme_de_Greenwich_en_Belgique # gives several contemporary sources from which one can conclude that # the switch in Europe/Brussels on 1892-05-01 was from 00:17:30 to 00:00:00. # # From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): # This quote helps explain the late-1914 situation: # In early November 1914, the Germans imposed the time zone used in central # Europe and forced the inhabitants to set their watches and public clocks # sixty minutes ahead. Many were reluctant to accept "German time" and # continued to use "Belgian time" among themselves. Reflecting the spirit of # resistance that arose in the population, a song made fun of this change.... # The song ended: # Putting your clock forward # Will but hasten the happy hour # When we kick out the Boches! # See: Pluvinage G. Brussels on German time. Cahiers Bruxellois - # Brusselse Cahiers. 2014;XLVI(1E):15-38. # https://www.cairn.info/revue-cahiers-bruxellois-2014-1E-page-15.htm # # Entries from 1914 through 1917 are taken from "De tijd in België" # . # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991 # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), # pp 8-9. # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for the 1918/1991 references. # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 00:17:30 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT # Bosnia and Herzegovina # See Europe/Belgrade. # Bulgaria # # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says: # EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... # EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2:00 EU EE%sT # Croatia # See Europe/Belgrade. # Cyprus # Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. # Czech Republic / Czechia # # From Paul Eggert (2018-04-15): # The source for Czech data is: Kdy začíná a končí letní čas. 2018-04-15. # https://kalendar.beda.cz/kdy-zacina-a-konci-letni-cas # We know of no English-language name for historical Czech winter time; # abbreviate it as "GMT", as it happened to be GMT. # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Czech 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Czech 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 9 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1946 Dec 1 3:00 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1:00 -1:00 GMT 1947 Feb 23 2:00 # Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. # 0:00 - GMT 1947 Feb 23 2:00 # End of rearguard section. 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 1:00 EU CE%sT # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): # the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... # The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. # # The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973: # https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100 # # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes # in subsequent decrees with the law # https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223 # # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which # was suspended on that night): # https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - # # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn 0:00 - WET 1981 0:00 EU WE%sT # # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. # # From Paul Eggert (2017-12-10): # Greenland joined the European Communities as part of Denmark, # obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, and left the European Communities # on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing # (2001-03-15), # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: # # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC # is according to the following time line: # # The military zone near Thule UTC-4 # Standard Greenland time UTC-3 # Scoresbysund UTC-1 # Danmarkshavn UTC # # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be # introduced. # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): # # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at # the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have # info from earlier correspondence.] # # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... # # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th # email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the # DPC research station at Zackenberg. # # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb). # # The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. # # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of # this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place # there at 2:00 AM. # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; # the 1995 map as like Godthåb. # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996. # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): # "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named # "National Park" by Executive Order: # http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf # It is their only National Park. # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S # # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00 -3:00 EU -03/-02 1996 0:00 - GMT # # Use the old name Scoresbysund, as the current name Ittoqqortoormiit # exceeds tzdb's 14-letter limit and has no common English abbreviation. Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit -2:00 - -02 1980 Apr 6 2:00 -2:00 C-Eur -02/-01 1981 Mar 29 -1:00 EU -01/+00 Zone America/Nuuk -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Godthåb -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00 -3:00 EU -03/-02 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik -4:00 Thule A%sT # Estonia # # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). # # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... # # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] # "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to # summer time next spring." # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law # http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120). # # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). # From The Baltic Times (1999-09-09) # via Steffen Thorsen: # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do # after that. # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): # Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation # No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. # Now we are using again EU rules. # # From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28): # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 2:00 EU EE%sT # Finland # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, # and it's supposed to change at 4am... # From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): # # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour # earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made # according to the central European standards. # # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in # Finnish) at # https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf # # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. # # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 # # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not # exist tonight." # From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13): # [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] # https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf # pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 # say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, # 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper # mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... # On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. # # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14): # Go with Oja over Shanks. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 - Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - # Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document); # round to nearest. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 2:00 EU EE%sT # Åland Is Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn # France # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): # # Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 # # Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel, # Paris, 1991 # # Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie, # Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987 # From Michael Deckers (2020-06-11): # the law of 1891 # was published on 1891-03-15, so it could only take force on 1891-03-16. # From Michael Deckers (2020-06-10): # Le Gaulois, 1911-03-11, page 1/6, online at # https://www.retronews.fr/societe/echo-de-presse/2018/01/29/1911-change-lheure-de-paris # ... [ Instantly, all pressure driven clock dials halted... Nine minutes and # twenty-one seconds later the hands resumed their circular motion. ] # There are also precise reports about how the change was prepared in train # stations: all the publicly visible clocks stopped at midnight railway time # (or were covered), only the chief of service had a watch, labeled # "Heure ancienne", that he kept running until it reached 00:04:21, when # he announced "Heure nouvelle". See the "Le Petit Journal 1911-03-11". # https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6192911/f1.item.zoom # # From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12): # That "all French clocks stopped" for 00:09:21 is a misreading of French # newspapers; this sort of adjustment applies only to certain # remote-controlled clocks ("pendules pneumatiques", of which there existed # perhaps a dozen in Paris, and which simply could not be set back remotely), # but not to all the clocks in all French towns and villages. For instance, # the following story in the "Courrier de Saône-et-Loire" 1911-03-11, page 2: # only works if legal time was stepped back (was not monotone): ... # [One can observe that children who had been born at midnight less 5 # minutes and who had died at midnight of the old time, would turn out to # be dead before being born, time having been set back and having # suppressed 9 minutes and 25 seconds of their existence, that is, more # than they could spend.] # # From Paul Eggert (2020-06-12): # French time in railway stations was legally five minutes behind civil time, # which explains why railway "old time" ran to 00:04:21 instead of to 00:09:21. # The law's text (which Michael Deckers noted is at # ) says only that # at 1911-03-11 00:00 legal time was that of Paris mean time delayed by # nine minutes and twenty-one seconds, and does not say how the # transition from Paris mean time was to occur. # # tzdb has no way to represent stopped clocks. As the railway practice # was to keep a watch running on "old time" to decide when to restart # the other clocks, this could be modeled as a transition for "old time" at # 00:09:21. However, since the law was ambiguous and clocks outside railway # stations were probably done haphazardly with the popular impression being # that the transition was done at 00:00 "old time", simply leave the time # blank; this causes zic to default to 00:00 "old time" which is good enough. # Do something similar for the 1891-03-16 transition. There are similar # problems in Algiers, Monaco and Tunis. # # Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions # were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez, # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La # Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois, # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), # who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - # Howse writes that the time in France was officially based # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT # Germany # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. # [See tz-link.html for the URL.] # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23): # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by # https://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ # General [Nikolai] Bersarin. # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so # this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. # Go with the PTB. Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT # From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): # Büsingen , surrounded by the Swiss canton # Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE # (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. # DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, # which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. # # Source for the time in Büsingen 1980: # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): # Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen # Georgia # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) # is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. # Gibraltar # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1:00 - CET 1982 1:00 EU CE%sT # Greece # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; # go with EU rules instead, since Greece joined Jan 1. 2:00 EU EE%sT # Hungary # From Michael Deckers (2020-06-09): # an Austrian encyclopedia of railroads of 1913, online at # http://www.zeno.org/Roell-1912/A/Eisenbahnzeit # says that the switch [to CET] happened on 1890-11-01. # From Géza Nyáry (2020-06-07): # Data for 1918-1983 are based on the archive database of Library Hungaricana. # The dates are collected from original, scanned governmental orders, # bulletins, instructions and public press. # [See URLs below.] # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1918/?pg=238 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1919/?pg=808 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1920/?pg=201 Rule Hungary 1918 1919 - Apr 15 2:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1918 1920 - Sep Mon>=15 3:00 0 - Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1945/?pg=882 Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1946_03/?pg=49 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1946_09/?pg=54 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 - # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KulfBelfHirek_1947_04_1__001-123/?pg=90 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DunantuliNaplo_1947_09/?pg=128 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KulfBelfHirek_1948_03_3__001-123/?pg=304 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Zala_1948_09/?pg=64 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SatoraljaujhelyiLeveltar_ZempleniNepujsag_1948/?pg=53 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SatoraljaujhelyiLeveltar_ZempleniNepujsag_1948/?pg=160 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/UjSzo_1949_01-04/?pg=102 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KeletMagyarorszag_1949_03/?pg=96 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1949_09/?pg=94 Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1954/?pg=513 Rule Hungary 1954 only - May 23 0:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1954 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1955/?pg=398 Rule Hungary 1955 only - May 22 2:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1955 only - Oct 2 3:00 0 - # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/HevesMegyeiNepujsag_1956_06/?pg=0 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/EszakMagyarorszag_1956_06/?pg=6 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SzolnokMegyeiNeplap_1957_04/?pg=120 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/PestMegyeiHirlap_1957_09/?pg=143 Rule Hungary 1956 1957 - Jun Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1956 1957 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1980/?pg=189 Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1980 only - Sep 28 1:00 0 - # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1980/?pg=1227 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1981_01/?pg=79 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1982/?pg=115 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1983/?pg=85 Rule Hungary 1981 1983 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1981 1983 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - # # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Nov 1 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1941/?pg=1204 # https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1942/?pg=3955 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 7 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1984 1:00 EU CE%sT # Iceland # # From Adam David (1993-11-06): # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. # # (1993-12-05): # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of # Iceland Almanak. # # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavík mean solar time which # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. # # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. # # (1993-12-10): # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it # might mean something else (???). # # From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): # The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see # http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 - Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 - Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 - Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 - Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 - # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - # 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 0:00 - GMT # Italy # # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, # so record only the time in Rome. # # From Stephen Trainor (2019-05-06): # http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale/ORA_LEGALE_ESTIVA_IN_ITALIA.htm # ... the [1866] law went into effect on 12 December 1866, rather than # the date of the decree (22 Sep 1866) # https://web.archive.org/web/20070824155341/http://www.iav.it/planetario/didastro/didastro/english.htm # ... "In Italy in 1866 there were 6 railway times (Torino, Verona, Firenze, # Roma, Napoli, Palermo). On that year it was decided to unify them, adopting # the average time of Rome (even if this city was not yet part of the # kingdom). On the 12th December 1866, on the starting of the winter time # table, it took effect in the railways, the post office and the telegraph, # not only for the internal service but also for the public.... Milano set # the public watches on the Rome time on the same day (12th December 1866), # Torino and Bologna on the 1st January 1867, Venezia the 1st May 1880 and the # last city was Cagliari in 1886." # # From Luigi Rosa (2019-05-07): # this is the scan of the decree: # http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/filopanti/1866c.jpg # # From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24): # http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10 # ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into # force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in # the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...." # # From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20): # The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological # institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at # http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml # [now at http://oldsite.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml as of 2017] # (2016-10-24): # http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/ # has still different data for 1944. It divides Italy in two, as # there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic # Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south # of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies. # # From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23): # Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219. # Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ... # Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is # advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ... # Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed. # -# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-02): +# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-02): # I spent 6 Euros to buy two archive copies of Il Messaggero, a Roman paper, # for 1 and 2 April 1944. The edition of 2 April has this note: "Tonight at 2 # am, put forward the clock by one hour. Remember that in the night between # today and Monday the 'ora legale' will come in force again." That makes it # clear that in Rome the change was on Monday, 3 April 1944 at 2 am. # -# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27): +# From Paul Eggert (2021-10-05): # Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944 # for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini. # Model Rome's occupation by using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10 # to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it -# was effectively controlled by Germany. +# was effectively controlled by Germany. Using C-Eur is consistent +# with Treindl's comment about Rome in April 1944, as the "Rule Italy" +# lines during German occupation do not affect Europe/Rome +# (though they do affect Europe/Malta). # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1916 1917 - Sep 30 24:00 0 - Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 24:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 24:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1918 only - Oct 6 24:00 0 - Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 24:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1919 only - Oct 4 24:00 0 - Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 - Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1944 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 1:00 0 - Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1966 only - Sep 24 24:00 0 - Rule Italy 1967 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Dec 12 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1943 Sep 10 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino # Latvia # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... # # Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... # according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). # # Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... # according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). # # Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... # according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... # # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of # 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) , # in Latvian for subscribers only). # From RFE/RL Newsline # http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html # (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their # clocks one hour in the spring.... # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it # appears that they will not do so.... # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). # Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34. # Go with Byalokoz. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 2:00 EU EE%sT # Liechtenstein # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): # Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich. # From Alois Treindl (2019-07-04): # I was able to access the online archive of the Vaduz paper Vaterland ... # I could confirm from the paper that Liechtenstein did in fact follow # the same DST in 1941 and 1942 as Switzerland did. Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz # Lithuania # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. # From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) , # via Steffen Thorsen: # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) # to be valid here starting from October 31, # as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was # already done by Estonia. # From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism # (2000-03-27): # Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 2:00 EU EE%sT # Luxembourg # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; # go with Shanks & Pottenger. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT # North Macedonia # See Europe/Belgrade. # Malta # # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21): # Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks. # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1:00 EU CE%sT # Moldova # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): # the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04 # http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2 # ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR # time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt # plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be # adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer" # time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and # reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00. # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. # But [two people] separately reported via # Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. # # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): # Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as # "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition # to the Winter Time). # # News (in Russian): # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html # # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) # # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) # In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. # # (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) # # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) # NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own # decision to abolish DST this winter. # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. # News from Moldova (in russian): # https://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html # From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02): # http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01): # The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that # 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also, # https://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara # says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time. # Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 May 6 2:00 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 2:00 Moldova EE%sT # Monaco # # From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12): # In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at # https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf # we read: ... # [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year], # legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1, # 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.] # In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at # https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf # we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ... # [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation # of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal # time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.] # # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT # Montenegro # See Europe/Belgrade. # Netherlands # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). # # (2001-04-08): # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common # practice of following Amsterdam mean time. # # (2001-04-09): # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was # actually followed. # # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically # adopted Amsterdam mean time. # # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe # Amsterdam mean time. # The data entries before 1945 are taken from # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - # # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13, but the .13 is omitted # below because the current format requires STDOFF to be an integer. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT # Norway # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & # Pottenger. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT # Svalbard & Jan Mayen # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From # and # ). The law/regulation # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From # ) I have not been # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): # # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was # keeping Berlin time. # # says that the meteorologists # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite # frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly # the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. # # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says # ). The Svalbard FAQ # says that the Germans were # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) # http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. # # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo # for these regions. Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen # Poland # The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20), # pp 1-2. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, # Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., # https://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 # Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. # He also gives these further references: # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) # Druk nr 2180 (2003) Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 1:00 EU CE%sT # Portugal # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) # https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf # Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. # Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett.... # # From Michael Deckers (2018-02-15): # article 5 [of the 1911 decree; Deckers's translation] ...: # These dispositions shall enter into force at the instant at which, # according to the 2nd article, the civil day January 1, 1912 begins, # all clocks therefore having to be advanced or set back correspondingly ... # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. # # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. # # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal # harmonized with EU rules), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. # Go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S # # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 0:00u # Lisbon MT 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 0:00 EU WE%sT # This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z. Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 2:00u # Horta MT -2:00 Port -02/-01 1942 Apr 25 22:00s -2:00 Port +00 1942 Aug 15 22:00s -2:00 Port -02/-01 1943 Apr 17 22:00s -2:00 Port +00 1943 Aug 28 22:00s -2:00 Port -02/-01 1944 Apr 22 22:00s -2:00 Port +00 1944 Aug 26 22:00s -2:00 Port -02/-01 1945 Apr 21 22:00s -2:00 Port +00 1945 Aug 25 22:00s -2:00 Port -02/-01 1966 Apr 3 2:00 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1983 Sep 25 1:00s -1:00 W-Eur -01/+00 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u -1:00 EU -01/+00 # This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z. Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u # Funchal MT -1:00 Port -01/+00 1942 Apr 25 22:00s -1:00 Port +01 1942 Aug 15 22:00s -1:00 Port -01/+00 1943 Apr 17 22:00s -1:00 Port +01 1943 Aug 28 22:00s -1:00 Port -01/+00 1944 Apr 22 22:00s -1:00 Port +01 1944 Aug 26 22:00s -1:00 Port -01/+00 1945 Apr 21 22:00s -1:00 Port +01 1945 Aug 25 22:00s -1:00 Port -01/+00 1966 Apr 3 2:00 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 0:00 EU WE%sT # Romania # # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): # Nine O'clock # (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, # the same year as Bulgaria. # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2:00 EU EE%sT # Russia # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): # Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011 # (Government document # http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ # in Russian) # there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... # All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English # by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): # Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: # http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 # They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): # Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia # changed in September 2011: # # One source is # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, # 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. # # Another source is # https://rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: # in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which # does not contain any "effective date" information. # # Another source is # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011... # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. # # The Wikipedia article refers to # http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 # which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. # # Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's # "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" # with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to # get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias # Conradi notes). # # None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. # # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01): # According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency) # http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562 # the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to # winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new # regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ... # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02 # Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N # 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding # areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English): # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html # # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): # Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) # http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 # http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 # http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 # From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will look like this: # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. # # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! # I do not know why they have decided to make this change; # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. # # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): # 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. # # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. # # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): # News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with # the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began # enforcing curfew at the wrong time. # # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. # From Marat Nigametzianov (2018-07-16): # this is link to order from 1956 about timezone in USSR # http://astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2011/11/novyie-granitsyi-chasovyih-poyasov-v-sssr/ # # From Paul Eggert (2018-07-16): # Perhaps someone could translate the above-mentioned link and use it # to correct our data for the ex-Soviet Union. It cites the following: # «Поясное время и новые границы часовых поясов» / сост. П.Н. Долгов, # отв. ред. Г.Д. Бурдун - М: Комитет стандартов, мер и измерительных # приборов при Совете Министров СССР, Междуведомственная комиссия # единой службы времени, 1956 г. # This book looks like it would be a helpful resource for the Soviet # Union through 1956. Although a copy was in the Scientific Library # of Tomsk State University, I have not been able to track down a copy nearby. # # From Stepan Golosunov (2018-07-21): # http://astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2015/05/center-reforma-ischisleniya-vremeni-br-na-territorii-sssr-v-1957-godu-center/ # says that the 1956 decision to change time belts' borders was not # implemented as planned in 1956 and the change happened in 1957. # There is also the problem that actual time zones were different from # the official time belts (and from many time belts' maps) as there were # numerous exceptions to application of time belt rules. For example, # https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Московское_время#Перемещение_границы_применения_московского_времени_на_восток # says that by 1962 there were many regions in the 3rd time belt that # were on Moscow time, referring to a 1962 map. By 1989 number of such # exceptions grew considerably. # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): # The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist # with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions # are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative # listing. The region codes listed come from # https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 # and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their # future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level # divisions where available. # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Europe/Kaliningrad covers... # 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25): # Although Shanks lists 1945-01-01 as the date for transition from # +01/+02 to +02/+03, more likely this is a placeholder. Guess that # the transition occurred at 1945-04-10 00:00, which is about when -# Königsberg surrendered to Soviet troops. (Thanks to Alois Triendl.) +# Königsberg surrendered to Soviet troops. (Thanks to Alois Treindl.) # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): # http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni # confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented. # (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that # summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But # 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.) # ... # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 # says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided # at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to # Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19. Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 10 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1946 Apr 7 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3:00 - +03 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2:00 - EET # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and # Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Europe/Moscow covers... # 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of # 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of # 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of # 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic # 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of # 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic # 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of # 11 RU-KO Komi Republic # 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic # 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of # 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of # 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of # 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic # 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic # 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai # 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai # 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast # 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast # 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast # 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast # 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast # 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast # 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast # 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast # 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast # 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast # 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast # 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast # 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast # 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast # 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast # 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast # 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast # 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast # 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast # 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast # 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast # 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast # 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast # 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast # 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast # 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast # 77 RU-MOW Moscow # 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg # 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): # The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919. Decree No. 59 # (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time # zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854 # specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT. # No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date; # later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are # taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks. # (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.) # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): # 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982. # Wikipedia refers to # http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html # http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm # # The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn # magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to # the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the # same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses # time belt changes map). # # The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to # introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt # border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous # Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka # according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that # "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time # belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on # 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was # supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2 # hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01 # is also provided. # # The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems # and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not # moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan, # Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian, # Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol # krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo, # Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and # Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky # district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous # Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end # up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow # time. # # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt # attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers # of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds # Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky # district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. Probably erroneously. # # The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow, # Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk. # # 12. Udmurtia # The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i # Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from # Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act. # http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt # implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01. # Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991. # # ... # # All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at # 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1 # change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia). # # There were some exceptions, though. # Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd, # Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992 # change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some # lists found in the internet are quite wild.) # # And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment. # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 # says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the # 1991-03-31 switch and one person at # https://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html # says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception # 2 days before the switch. # # # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): # Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the # chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries # should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the # time in Moscow. # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08): # LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow # Observatory (coordinates: 55° 45' 29.70", 37° 34' 05.30").... # LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard. # (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.) # The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by # Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow # was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory # coordinates: 59° 46' 18.70", 30° 19' 40.70") so 30° 19' 40.70" > # 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 = # 2:31:19 ... # # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895). # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in # Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky. Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3:00 - MSK # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06): # Europe/Simferopol covers Crimea. Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2:00 - EET 1992 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. # # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it # changed in May. 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 # https://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3:00 - MSK # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): # Europe/Astrakhan covers: # 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast # # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12): # On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation # Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time).... # This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00. # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056 Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 4:00 - +04 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11): # Europe/Volgograd covers: # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast # The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04). # From Alexander Fetisov (2018-09-20): # Volgograd region in southern Russia (Europe/Volgograd) change # timezone from UTC+3 to UTC+4 from 28oct2018. # http://sozd.parliament.gov.ru/bill/452878-7 # # From Stepan Golosunov (2018-10-11): # The law has been published today on # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201810110037 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2020-11-27): # The State Duma approved (Nov 24, 2020) the transition of the Volgograd # region to the Moscow time zone.... # https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/1012130-7 # # From Stepan Golosunov (2020-12-05): # Currently proposed text for the second reading (expected on December 8) ... # changes the date to December 27. https://v1.ru/text/gorod/2020/12/04/69601031/ # # From Stepan Golosunov (2020-12-22): # The law was published today on # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202012220002 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3:00 - +03 2018 Oct 28 2:00s 4:00 - +04 2020 Dec 27 2:00s 3:00 - +03 # From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11): # Europe/Saratov covers: # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast # From Yuri Konotopov (2016-11-11): # Dec 4, 2016 02:00 UTC+3.... Saratov Region's local time will be ... UTC+4. # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-11): # ... Byalokoz listed Saratov on 03:04:18. # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-22): # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031 Zone Europe/Saratov 3:04:18 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3:00 - +03 2016 Dec 4 2:00s 4:00 - +04 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): # Europe/Kirov covers: # 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). # Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3:00 - +03 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Europe/Samara covers... # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20. # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 4:00 - +04 1935 Jan 27 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 3:00 - +03 1991 Oct 20 3:00 4:00 Russia +04/+05 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 4:00 - +04 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): # Europe/Ulyanovsk covers: # 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): # Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am. # Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ... # 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading. # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051 Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 4:00 - +04 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers... # 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of # 90 RU-PER Perm Krai # 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast # 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast # 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast # 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast # 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast # 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra # 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug # # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. # Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest. # Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. # Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. # The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 5:00 Russia +05/+06 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 6:00 - +06 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 5:00 - +05 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Asia/Omsk covers... # 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30. Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 6:00 - +06 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22): # Asia/Barnaul covers: # 04 RU-AL Altai Republic # 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai # Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): # Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25 # http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm # suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on # 1995-05-28. # # https://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html # has some historical data for Altai Krai: # before 1957: west part on UT+6, east on UT+7 # after 1957: UT+7 # since 1995: UT+6 # http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html # confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): # Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones # by March 27, 2016 at 2am.... # Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ... # Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038 Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 7:00 - +07 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): # Asia/Novosibirsk covers: # 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30): # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6 # moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7. # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04): # The law was signed yesterday and published today on # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 6:00 - +06 2016 Jul 24 2:00s 7:00 - +07 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): # Asia/Tomsk covers: # 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24): # Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51. # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): # Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow. # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19): # http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743 # (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time) # / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ... # Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their # GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally # belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced # with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a # 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014). # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12): # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6 # This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast # from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at # 2:00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by # the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President # and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected # before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the # recent changes). # # Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws, # the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule # http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/ # http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303 # I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the # bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday, # approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and # published as a law around 2016-04-26. # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26): # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048 Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 6:00 - +06 2016 May 29 2:00s 7:00 - +07 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers... # 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on # March 28, 2010: # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 # # This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) # # Russian Government web site (Russian language) # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html # # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus # realigning itself with KRAT. Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 7:00 - +07 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers... # 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic # 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of # 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai # # Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr # Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai. # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26. Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 8:00 - +08 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 7:00 - +07 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Asia/Irkutsk covers... # 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of # 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast # # Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was # merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast. # Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15. # Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05. # Go with Byalokoz. Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 7:00 - +07 1930 Jun 21 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 8:00 Russia +08/+09 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 9:00 - +09 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 8:00 - +08 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): # Asia/Chita covers... # 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai # # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02): # [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) - # Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will # be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am.... # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107 Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 8:00 - +08 2016 Mar 27 2:00 9:00 - +09 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): # Asia/Yakutsk covers... # 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast # # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: # 14-02 **** Aldansky District # 14-04 **** Amginsky District # 14-05 **** Anabarsky District # 14-06 **** Bulunsky District # 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District # 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District # 14-11 **** Gorny District # 14-12 **** Zhigansky District # 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District # 14-14 **** Lensky District # 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District # 14-16 **** Mirninsky District # 14-18 **** Namsky District # 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District # 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District # 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District # 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District # 14-26 **** Suntarsky District # 14-27 **** Tattinsky District # 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District # 14-32 **** Khangalassky District # 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District # 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District. # Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too. # Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk. # Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58. Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 9:00 - +09 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): # Asia/Vladivostok covers... # 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai # 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai # 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast # # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: # 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District # 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District # Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5. # Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31. # Go with Byalokoz. Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 9:00 - +09 1930 Jun 21 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 10:00 - +10 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: # 14-28 **** Tomponsky District # 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): # Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time # in 2011. # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): # Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2004 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 11:00 - +11 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 9:00 - +09 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Asia/Sakhalin covers... # 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast # ...with the exception of: # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) # From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22): # Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... # (2016-03-09): # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 25 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 10:00 - +10 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 11:00 - +11 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): # Asia/Magadan covers... # 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): # Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however, # several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of # the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented # until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will # need their own zone. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27): # ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... # will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock # # From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05): # ... signed by the President today ... # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 10:00 - +10 2016 Apr 24 2:00s 11:00 - +11 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): # Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: # 14-01 **** Abyysky District # 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District # 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District # 14-17 **** Momsky District # 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District # 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District # # ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast: # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02): # Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with # most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on # 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District # of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by # Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11. # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): # Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27. # There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone # Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary. # # Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these # districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently # lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females # each! (Yikes!) # https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 # https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 # Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. # # Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have # fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the # 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most # recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of # http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf # in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older # settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining. # Go with Srednekolymsk. Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 11:00 - +11 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: # 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): # Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. # # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): # It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch, # as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of # Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on # UTC+12 since at least then, too. Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1981 Apr 1 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 12:00 - +12 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 10:00 - +10 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): # Asia/Kamchatka covers... # 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai # # Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai. # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long. Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 11:00 - +11 1930 Jun 21 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 12:00 - +12 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): # Asia/Anadyr covers... # 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 12:00 - +12 1930 Jun 21 13:00 Russia +13/+14 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 12:00 - +12 # San Marino # See Europe/Rome. # Serbia # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj. 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1:00 EU CE%sT Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # North Macedonia Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia # Slovakia Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava # Slovenia # See Europe/Belgrade. # Spain # # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-14): # # The source for Europe/Madrid before 2013 is: # Planesas P. La hora oficial en España y sus cambios. # Anuario del Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid (2013, in Spanish). # http://astronomia.ign.es/rknowsys-theme/images/webAstro/paginas/documentos/Anuario/lahoraoficialenespana.pdf # As this source says that historical time in the Canaries is obscure, # and it does not discuss Ceuta, stick with Shanks for now for that data. # # In the 1918 and 1919 fallback transitions in Spain, the clock for # the hour-longer day officially kept going after midnight, so that # the repeated instances of that day's 00:00 hour were 24 hours apart, # with a fallback transition from the second occurrence of 00:59... to # the next day's 00:00. Our data format cannot represent this # directly, and instead repeats the first hour of the next day, with a # fallback transition from the next day's 00:59... to 00:00. # From Michael Deckers (2016-12-15): # The Royal Decree of 1900-07-26 quoted by Planesas, online at # https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf # says in its article 5 (my translation): # These dispositions will enter into force beginning with the # instant at which, according to the time indicated in article 1, # the 1st day of January of 1901 will begin. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1918 1919 - Oct 6 24:00s 0 - Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 6 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 24:00s 0 - Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 - Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S # Republican Spain during the civil war; it controlled Madrid until 1939-03-28. Rule Spain 1937 only - Jun 16 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1937 only - Oct 2 24:00s 0 - Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 30 23:00 2:00 M Rule Spain 1938 only - Oct 2 24:00 1:00 S # The following rules are for unified Spain again. # # Planesas does not say what happened in Madrid between its fall on # 1939-03-28 and the Nationalist spring-forward transition on # 1939-04-15. For lack of better info, assume Madrid's clocks did not # change during that period. # # The first rule is commented out, as it is redundant for Republican Spain. #Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1939 only - Oct 7 24:00s 0 - Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 1:00 0 - Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1943 1944 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - Rule Spain 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1949 only - Oct 2 1:00 0 - Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=12 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - Rule Spain 1977 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S Rule Spain 1978 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - # Nationalist Spain during the civil war #Rule NatSpain 1937 only - May 22 23:00 1:00 S #Rule NatSpain 1937 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 - #Rule NatSpain 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00 1:00 S # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978, # except with "S" letters. Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:45:16 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 1:00 EU CE%sT Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:38:44 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 0:00 - WET 1924 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 0:00 - WET 1967 # Help zishrink.awk. 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 1:00 - CET 1986 1:00 EU CE%sT Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. -1:00 - -01 1946 Sep 30 1:00 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u 0:00 EU WE%sT # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. # Sweden # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: # # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. # # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30" # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... # # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk # författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. # # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". # # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available # in Swedish): (type # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click # the Sök-button). # # (2001-05-13): # # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another # hour before the event took place. # # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 1:00 - CET 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT # Switzerland # From Howse: # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep # mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 .... # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - # From Shanks & Pottenger: # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. # # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values # to be wrong. This is now verified. # # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal # government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss # federal law collection)... # # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. # # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am # # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any # other years are made. # # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such # a thing had happened in Switzerland. # # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. # # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - # # The 1940 rules must be deleted. # # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for # most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of # the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. # # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): # The Federal regulations say # https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html # ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7° 26' 22.50". # Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): # the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893) # http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353 # clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one # hour before the beginning of service. # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): # Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. # # We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: # # Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und # Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, # ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. # # suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not # agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the # most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the # "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" # (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 1:00 EU CE%sT # Turkey # From Alois Treindl (2019-08-12): # http://www.astrolojidergisi.com/yazsaati.htm has researched the time zone # history of Turkey, based on newspaper archives and official documents. # From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): # That source (Oya Vulaş, "Türkiye'de Yaz Saati Uygulamaları") # is used for 1940/1972, where it seems more reliable than our other # sources. # From Kıvanç Yazan (2019-08-12): # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14539.pdf#page=24 # 1973-06-03 01:00 -> 02:00, 1973-11-04 02:00 -> 01:00 # # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14829.pdf#page=1 # 1974-03-31 02:00 -> 03:00, 1974-11-03 02:00 -> 01:00 # # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15161.pdf#page=1 # 1975-03-22 02:00 -> 03:00, 1975-11-02 02:00 -> 01:00 # # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15535_1.pdf#page=1 # 1976-03-21 02:00 -> 03:00, 1976-10-31 02:00 -> 01:00 # # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15778.pdf#page=5 # 1977-04-03 02:00 -> 03:00, 1977-10-16 02:00 -> 01:00, # 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below) # 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below) # 1979-04-01 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below) # 1979-10-14 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below) # # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16245.pdf#page=17 # This cancels the previous decision, and repeats it only for 1978. # 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00, 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00 # (not applied due to standard TZ change below) # # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16331.pdf#page=3 # This decision changes the default longitude for Turkish time zone from 30 # degrees East to 45 degrees East. This means a standard TZ change, from +2 # to +3. This is published & applied on 1978-06-29. At that time, Turkey was # already on summer time (already on 45E). Hence, this new law just meant an # "continuous summer time". Note that this was reversed in a few years. # # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18119_1.pdf#page=1 # 1983-07-31 02:00 -> 03:00 (note that this jumps TZ to +4) # 1983-10-02 02:00 -> 01:00 (back to +3) # # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18561.pdf (page 1 and 34) # At this time, Turkey is still on +3 with no spring-forward on early # 1984. This decision is published on 10/31/1984. Page 1 declares # the decision of reverting the "default longitude change". So the # standard time should go back to +3 (30E). And page 34 explains when # that will happen: 1984-11-01 02:00 -> 01:00. You can think of this # as "end of continuous summer time, change of standard time zone". # # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18713.pdf#page=1 # 1985-04-20 01:00 -> 02:00, 1985-09-28 02:00 -> 01:00 # From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25): # 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with # no exceptions. # 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ... # Here are official papers: # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf#page=2 for 1986 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf#page=4 for 1987 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf#page=15 for 1988 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf#page=6 for 1989 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf#page=1 for 1990 - 1992 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf#page=15 for 1993 - 1995 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf#page=1 for overriding 1994 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf#page=1 for 1996, 1997 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf#page=10 for 1998 - 2000 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001 # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25): # Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for timestamps after 1985. # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. # https://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 # Turkish: # https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-bir-gun-ileri-alindi-17230464 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): # The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the # Turkish Local election.... # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik # ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. # From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15): # Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, # I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST # change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15): # The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule # change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: # Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency # http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30. # I guess the best we can do is document the official time. # From Fatih (2015-09-29): # It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy. # Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00 # http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217 # # From BBC News (2015-10-25): # Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a # government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan # Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan. # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326 # From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08): # Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter.... # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf # # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07): # The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey. # It takes effect today, which is not much notice. # From Kıvanç Yazan (2017-10-28): # Turkey will go back to Daylight Saving Time starting 2018-10. # http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/10/20171028-5.pdf # # From Even Scharning (2017-11-08): # ... today it was announced that the DST will become "continuous": # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/son-dakika-yaz-saati-uygulamasi-surekli-hale-geldi-40637482 # From Paul Eggert (2017-11-08): # Although Google Translate misfires on that source, it looks like # Turkey reversed last month's decision, and so will stay at +03. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; # go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1947 1951 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S # DST for 15 months; unusual but we'll let it pass. Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1963 only - Oct 30 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1973 1976 - Oct Sun>=31 2:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 22 2:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1976 only - Mar 21 2:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1978 only - Jun 29 0:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 2:00 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 - Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 1:00s 0 - Rule Turkey 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - Rule Turkey 1994 only - Mar 20 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Jun 29 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1984 Nov 1 2:00 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7 3:00 - +03 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. # Ukraine # # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government # regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to # abolish the transfer clock to winter time. # # Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got # approval from 266 deputies. # # Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian) # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ # # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html # # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) # https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ # # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter # time this year after all. # # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): # As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar # to Russia) was reverted today: # http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 # # Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: # The law documents themselves are at # http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 # From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): # First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: # 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST # 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134. # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html # # They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law, # "summer time" was still in action): # 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272. # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html # # Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action): # 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST # # DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended): # 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225. # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm # This is an answer. # # Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure: # 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started # 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm # From Paul Eggert (2018-10-03): # As is usual in tzdb, Ukrainian zones use the most common English spellings. # For example, tzdb uses Europe/Kiev, as "Kiev" is the most common spelling in # English for Ukraine's capital, even though it is certainly wrong as a # transliteration of the Ukrainian "Київ". This is similar to tzdb's use of # Europe/Prague, which is certainly wrong as a transliteration of the Czech # "Praha". ("Kiev" came from old Slavic via Russian to English, and "Prague" # came from old Slavic via French to English, so the two cases have something # in common.) Admittedly English-language spelling of Ukrainian names is # controversial, and some day "Kyiv" may become substantially more popular in # English; in the meantime, stick with the traditional English "Kiev" as that # means less disruption for our users. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # This represents most of Ukraine. See above for the spelling of "Kiev". Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2:00 EU EE%sT # Transcarpathia used CET 1990/1991. # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 1:00 - CET 1940 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 2:00 - EET 1992 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2:00 EU EE%sT # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in # portable Posix file names. Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 2:20 - +0220 1924 May 2 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2:00 EU EE%sT # Vatican City # See Europe/Rome. ############################################################################### # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. # # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) # ... # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 # From: Tom Hofmann # ... # # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when # most European countries started DST. Before that year, only # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following # years... # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep # lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now. # # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the # Soviet Union (as far as I know). # # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, # 4002 Basle, Switzerland # ... # ... # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 # From: Dik T. Winter # ... # # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. # # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch # dates... # # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours # in advance of normal time. # # ... # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland # ... # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): # ... # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). # Since 1978. Change at midnight. # ... # Monaco: has same DST as France. # ... diff --git a/contrib/tzdata/northamerica b/contrib/tzdata/northamerica index ddc575976e59..75e115418a1e 100644 --- a/contrib/tzdata/northamerica +++ b/contrib/tzdata/northamerica @@ -1,3790 +1,3790 @@ # tzdb data for North and Central America and environs # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. # also includes Central America and the Caribbean # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22): # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). ############################################################################### # United States # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31): # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904), # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY). # His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870) # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines # in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC, # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich. # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-20): # Dowd's proposal left many details unresolved, such as where to draw # lines between time zones. The key individual who made time zones # work in the US was William Frederick Allen - railway engineer, # managing editor of the Travelers' Guide, and secretary of the # General Time Convention, a railway standardization group. Allen # spent months in dialogs with scientific and railway leaders, # developed a workable plan to institute time zones, and presented it # to the General Time Convention on 1883-04-11, saying that his plan # meant "local time would be practically abolished" - a plus for # railway scheduling. By the next convention on 1883-10-11 nearly all # railroads had agreed and it took effect on 1883-11-18. That Sunday # was called the "day of two noons", as some locations observed noon # twice. Allen witnessed the transition in New York City, writing: # # I heard the bells of St. Paul's strike on the old time. Four # minutes later, obedient to the electrical signal from the Naval # Observatory ... the time-ball made its rapid descent, the chimes # of old Trinity rang twelve measured strokes, and local time was # abandoned, probably forever. # # Most of the US soon followed suit. See: # Bartky IR. The adoption of standard time. Technol Cult 1989 Jan;30(1):25-56. # https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105430 # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16): # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time. # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005). # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it. # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below. # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin # in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost # of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26). # Not everyone is happy with the results: # # I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some # agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving # daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind. # I even object to the implication that I am wasting something # valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen. As an admirer # of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to # reduce my time for enjoying it. At the back of the Daylight Saving # scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager # to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make # them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves. # # -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks, # Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday # # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see # Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927). # https://web.archive.org/web/20160517155308/http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html # # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919. # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time". # From Paul Eggert (2019-06-04): # Here is the legal basis for the US federal rules. # * Public Law 65-106 (1918-03-19) implemented standard and daylight saving # time for the first time across the US, springing forward on March's last # Sunday and falling back on October's last Sunday. # https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/65th-congress/session-2/c65s2ch24.pdf # * Public Law 66-40 (1919-08-20) repealed DST on October 1919's last Sunday. # https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/66th-congress/session-1/c66s1ch51.pdf # * Public Law 77-403 (1942-01-20) started wartime DST on 1942-02-09. # https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/77th-congress/session-2/c77s2ch7.pdf # * Public Law 79-187 (1945-09-25) ended wartime DST on 1945-09-30. # https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/79th-congress/session-1/c79s1ch388.pdf # * Public Law 89-387 (1966-04-13) reinstituted a national standard for DST, # from April's last Sunday to October's last Sunday, effective 1967. # https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-80/pdf/STATUTE-80-Pg107.pdf # * Public Law 93-182 (1973-12-15) moved the 1974 spring-forward to 01-06. # https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-87/pdf/STATUTE-87-Pg707.pdf # * Public Law 93-434 (1974-10-05) moved the 1975 spring-forward to # February's last Sunday. # https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-88/pdf/STATUTE-88-Pg1209.pdf # * Public Law 99-359 (1986-07-08) moved the spring-forward to April's first # Sunday. # https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-100/pdf/STATUTE-100-Pg764.pdf # * Public Law 109-58 (2005-08-08), effective 2007, moved the spring-forward # to March's second Sunday and the fall-back to November's first Sunday. # https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-109publ58/pdf/PLAW-109publ58.pdf # All transitions are at 02:00 local time. # From Arthur David Olson: # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime. # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25): # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama. # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time." # An AltaVista search turned up: # https://web.archive.org/web/20000926032210/http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.' Peace is wonderful." # (August 1945) by way of confirmation. # # From Paul Eggert (2017-09-23): # This was the V-J Day issue of the Clamdigger, a Rowayton, CT newsletter. # From Joseph Gallant citing # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987): # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account, # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender, # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech. # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout. From # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times: # # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender. # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news. # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental # importance." # # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell, # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over. # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms." # # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters. # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22): # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of # U.S. government action. So even though the "US" rules have changed # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War Rule US 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace Rule US 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S Rule US 1967 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule US 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D Rule US 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule US 1976 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule US 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D Rule US 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D Rule US 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19 # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory. # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of # this time zone package. # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if # a particular place changes whether it observes DST. # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone EST -5:00 - EST Zone MST -7:00 - MST Zone HST -10:00 - HST Zone EST5EDT -5:00 US E%sT Zone CST6CDT -6:00 US C%sT Zone MST7MDT -7:00 US M%sT Zone PST8PDT -8:00 US P%sT # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): # USA EASTERN 5 H BEHIND UTC NEW YORK, WASHINGTON # USA EASTERN 4 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 # USA CENTRAL 6 H BEHIND UTC CHICAGO, HOUSTON # USA CENTRAL 5 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 # USA MOUNTAIN 7 H BEHIND UTC DENVER # USA MOUNTAIN 6 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 # USA PACIFIC 8 H BEHIND UTC L.A., SAN FRANCISCO # USA PACIFIC 7 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 # USA ALASKA STD 9 H BEHIND UTC MOST OF ALASKA (AKST) # USA ALASKA STD 8 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT) # USA ALEUTIAN 10 H BEHIND UTC ISLANDS WEST OF 170W # USA " 9 H BEHIND UTC APR 3 - OCT 30 # USA HAWAII 10 H BEHIND UTC # USA BERING 11 H BEHIND UTC SAMOA, MIDWAY # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21): # The above dates are for 1988. # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the # Aleutians. # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13): # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward. First, names # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261: # (none) # United States standard eastern time # United States standard mountain time # United States standard central time # United States standard Pacific time # (none) # United States standard Alaska time # (none) # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for # public law 98-181): # Atlantic standard time # eastern standard time # central standard time # mountain standard time # Pacific standard time # Yukon standard time # Alaska-Hawaii standard time # Bering standard time # And after 1983-11-30: # Atlantic standard time # eastern standard time # central standard time # mountain standard time # Pacific standard time # Alaska standard time # Hawaii-Aleutian standard time # Samoa standard time # The law doesn't give abbreviations. # # From Paul Eggert (2016-12-19): # Here are URLs for the 1918 and 1966 legislation: # http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=40&page=451 # http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=80&page=108 # Although the 1918 names were officially "United States Standard # Eastern Time" and similarly for "Central", "Mountain", "Pacific", # and "Alaska", in practice "Standard" was placed just before "Time", # as codified in 1966. In practice, Alaska time was abbreviated "AST" # before 1968. Summarizing the 1967 name changes: # 1918 names 1967 names # -08 Standard Pacific Time (PST) Pacific standard time (PST) # -09 (unofficial) Yukon (YST) Yukon standard time (YST) # -10 Standard Alaska Time (AST) Alaska-Hawaii standard time (AHST) # -11 (unofficial) Nome (NST) Bering standard time (BST) # # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow: # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced ... "Chamorro Standard Time" # for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas. See the file "australasia". # # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-17): # HST and HDT are standardized abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian # standard and daylight times. See section 9.47 (p 234) of the # U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual (2008) # https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008/pdf/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008.pdf # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08. # # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS. # (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15 # U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended-- # (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second # Sunday of March"; and # (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first # Sunday of November'. # (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the # date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later. # (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective # date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress # on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United # States. # (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the # Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the # Department study is complete. # US eastern time, represented by New York # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida, # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee, # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02): # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH].... # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC. # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26): # According to today's Huntsville Times # http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County, # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time." It quotes H.H. "Bubba" # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work # in Columbus." # # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): # Four cities are involved. The two not mentioned above are Smiths Station # and Valley. Barbara Brooks, Valley's assistant treasurer, heard it started # because West Point Pepperell textile mills were in Alabama while the # corporate office was in Georgia, and residents voted to keep Eastern # time even after the mills closed. See: Kazek K. Did you know which # Alabama towns are in a different time zone? al.com 2017-02-06. # http://www.al.com/living/index.ssf/2017/02/do_you_know_which_alabama_town.html # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): # Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208 # says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of # Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch. Round to the # nearest second. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule NYC 1920 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule NYC 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule NYC 1921 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule NYC 1921 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule NYC 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:03:58 -5:00 US E%sT 1920 -5:00 NYC E%sT 1942 -5:00 US E%sT 1946 -5:00 NYC E%sT 1967 -5:00 US E%sT # US central time, represented by Chicago # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer, # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota, # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin # From Paul Eggert (2018-01-07): # In 1869 the Chicago Astronomical Society contracted with the city to keep # time. Though delayed by the Great Fire, by 1880 a wire ran from the # Dearborn Observatory (on the University of Chicago campus) to City Hall, # which then sent signals to police and fire stations. However, railroads got # their time signals from the Allegheny Observatory, the Madison Observatory, # the Ann Arbor Observatory, etc., so their clocks did not agree with each # other or with the city's official time. The confusion took some years to # clear up. See: # Moser M. How Chicago gave America its time zones. Chicago. 2018-01-04. # http://www.chicagomag.com/city-life/January-2018/How-Chicago-Gave-America-Its-Time-Zones/ # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin: # https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/175.pdf # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change. Because the local # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year.... # # From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12): # Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent.... # https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2007/related/acts/3 # From an email administrator of the City of Fort Pierre, SD (2015-12-21): # Fort Pierre is technically located in the Mountain time zone as is # the rest of Stanley County. Most of Stanley County and Fort Pierre # uses the Central time zone due to doing most of their business in # Pierre so it simplifies schedules. I have lived in Stanley County # all my life and it has been that way since I can remember. (43 years!) # # From Paul Eggert (2015-12-25): # Assume this practice predates 1970, so Fort Pierre can use America/Chicago. # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-06): # In 1950s Nashville a public clock had dueling faces, one for conservatives # and the other for liberals; the two sides didn't agree about the time of day. # I haven't found a photo of this clock, nor have I tracked down the TIME # magazine report cited below, but here's the story as told by the late # American journalist John Seigenthaler, who was there: # # "The two [newspaper] owners held strongly contrasting political and # ideological views. Evans was a New South liberal, Stahlman an Old South # conservative, and their two papers frequently clashed editorially, often on # the same day.... In the 1950s as the state legislature was grappling with # the question of whether to approve daylight saving time for the entire state, # TIME magazine reported: # # "'The Nashville Banner and The Nashville Tennessean rarely agree on anything # but the time of day - and last week they couldn't agree on that.' # # "It was all too true. The clock on the front of the building had two faces - # The Tennessean side of the building facing west, the other, east. When it # was high noon Banner time, it was 11 a.m. Tennessean time." # # Seigenthaler J. For 100 years, Tennessean had it covered. # The Tennessean 2007-05-11, republished 2015-04-06. # https://www.tennessean.com/story/insider/extras/2015/04/06/archives-seigenthaler-for-100-years-the-tennessean-had-it-covered/25348545/ # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule Chicago 1920 only - Jun 13 2:00 1:00 D Rule Chicago 1920 1921 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Chicago 1921 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Chicago 1922 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Chicago 1922 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Chicago 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:24 -6:00 US C%sT 1920 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1936 Mar 1 2:00 -5:00 - EST 1936 Nov 15 2:00 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1942 -6:00 US C%sT 1946 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1967 -6:00 US C%sT # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25. Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:48 -7:00 US M%sT 1992 Oct 25 2:00 -6:00 US C%sT # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time. # See . # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota; # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time. # See . Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21 -7:00 US M%sT 2003 Oct 26 2:00 -6:00 US C%sT # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21): # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010): # https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24): # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next # largest city in Mercer County). Google Maps places Beulah's city hall # at 47° 15' 51" N, 101° 46' 40" W, which yields an offset of 6h47'07". Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53 -7:00 US M%sT 2010 Nov 7 2:00 -6:00 US C%sT # US mountain time, represented by Denver # # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City), # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota, # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County, # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming # # From Paul Eggert (2018-10-25): # On 1921-03-04 federal law placed all of Texas into the central time zone. # However, El Paso ignored the law for decades and continued to observe # mountain time, on the grounds that that's what they had always done # and they weren't about to let the federal government tell them what to do. # Eventually the federal government gave in and changed the law on # 1970-04-10 to match what El Paso was actually doing. Although # that's slightly after our 1970 cutoff, there is no need to create a # separate zone for El Paso since they were ignoring the law anyway. See: # Long T. El Pasoans were time rebels, fought to stay in Mountain zone. # El Paso Times. 2018-10-24 06:40 -06. # https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/local/el-paso/2018/10/24/el-pasoans-were-time-rebels-fought-stay-mountain-zone/1744509002/ # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule Denver 1920 1921 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Denver 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Denver 1921 only - May 22 2:00 0 S Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00:04 -7:00 US M%sT 1920 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1942 -7:00 US M%sT 1946 -7:00 Denver M%sT 1967 -7:00 US M%sT # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles # # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater, # Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county # north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren), # Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern ¾ of # Malheur county), and Washington # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20): # In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage, # PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours, # causing electric clocks to lose six minutes per day. (This did not change # legal time, and is not part of the data here.) See: # Ross SA. An energy crisis from the past: Northern California in 1948. # Working Paper No. 8, Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley, # 1973-11. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x22k30c # # In another measure to save electricity, DST was instituted from 1948-03-14 # at 02:01 to 1949-01-16 at 02:00, with the governor having the option to move # the fallback transition earlier. See pages 3-4 of: # http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/1948/48Vol1_Chapters.pdf # # In response: # # Governor Warren received a torrent of objecting mail, and it is not too much # to speculate that the objections to Daylight Saving Time were one important # factor in the defeat of the Dewey-Warren Presidential ticket in California. # -- Ross, p 25 # # On December 8 the governor exercised the option, setting the date to January 1 # (LA Times 1948-12-09). The transition time was 02:00 (LA Times 1949-01-01). # # Despite the controversy, in 1949 California voters approved Proposition 12, # which established DST from April's last Sunday at 01:00 until September's # last Sunday at 02:00. This was amended by 1962's Proposition 6, which changed # the fall-back date to October's last Sunday. See: # https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501&context=ca_ballot_props # https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1636&context=ca_ballot_props # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule CA 1948 only - Mar 14 2:01 1:00 D Rule CA 1949 only - Jan 1 2:00 0 S Rule CA 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 1:00 1:00 D Rule CA 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule CA 1962 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:07:02 -8:00 US P%sT 1946 -8:00 CA P%sT 1967 -8:00 US P%sT # Alaska # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -09 per USNO. # # From Paul Eggert (2017-06-15): # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia. # On Friday, 1867-10-18 (Gregorian), at precisely 15:30 local time, the # Russian forts and fleet at Sitka fired salutes to mark the ceremony of # formal transfer. See the Sacramento Daily Union (1867-11-14), p 3, col 2. # https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SDU18671114.2.12.1 # Sitka workers did not change their calendars until Sunday, 1867-10-20, # and so celebrated two Sundays that week. See: Ahllund T (tr Hallamaa P). # From the memoirs of a Finnish workman. Alaska History. 2006 Fall;21(2):1-25. # http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Ahllund-2006-Memoirs-of-a-Finnish-Workman.pdf # Include only the time zone part of this transition, ignoring the switch # from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent the Julian calendar. # # As far as we know, of the locations mentioned below only Sitka was # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar. # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement was # destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.) Many of Alaska's inhabitants # were unaware of the US acquisition of Alaska, much less of any calendar or # time change. However, the Russian-influenced part of Alaska did observe # Russian time, and it is more accurate to model this than to ignore it. # The database format requires an exact transition time; use the Russian # salute as a somewhat-arbitrary time for the formal transfer of control for # all of Alaska. Sitka's UTC offset is -9:01:13; adjust its 15:30 to the # local times of other Alaskan locations so that they change simultaneously. # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18): # One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and # daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall: # "Welcome to Juneau. Please turn your watch back to the 19th century." # See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01. # http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html # # Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source: # Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response. # Alaska History 2001;16(1-2). # http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/ # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01): # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article: # # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27, # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time. # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on # Pacific Time. # # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26. # # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time. # # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions. # # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo # Nation.) # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09): # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian # Community office (using contact information available at # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States; # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I # did not inquire about practices in the past. # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17): # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote. # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-11-09): # It seems Metlakatla did go off PST on Sunday, November 1, changing # their time to AKST and are going to follow Alaska's DST, switching # between AKST and AKDT from now on.... # https://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/ # From Ryan Stanley (2018-11-06): # The Metlakatla community in Alaska has decided not to change its # clock back an hour starting on November 4th, 2018 (day before yesterday). # They will be gmtoff=-28800 year-round. # https://www.facebook.com/141055983004923/photos/pb.141055983004923.-2207520000.1541465673./569081370202380/ # From Paul Eggert (2018-12-16): # In a 2018-12-11 special election, Metlakatla voted to go back to # Alaska time (including daylight saving time) starting next year. # https://www.krbd.org/2018/12/12/metlakatla-to-follow-alaska-standard-time-allow-liquor-sales/ # # From Ryan Stanley (2019-01-11): # The community will be changing back on the 20th of this month... # From Tim Parenti (2019-01-11): # Per an announcement on the Metlakatla community's official Facebook page, the # "fall back" will be on Sunday 2019-01-20 at 02:00: # https://www.facebook.com/141055983004923/photos/607150969728753/ # So they won't be waiting for Alaska to join them on 2019-03-10, but will # rather change their clocks twice in seven weeks. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Juneau 15:02:19 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:33:32 -8:57:41 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00 -8:00 - PST 1942 -8:00 US P%sT 1946 -8:00 - PST 1969 -8:00 US P%sT 1980 Apr 27 2:00 -9:00 US Y%sT 1980 Oct 26 2:00 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30 -9:00 US AK%sT Zone America/Sitka 14:58:47 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:30 -9:01:13 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00 -8:00 - PST 1942 -8:00 US P%sT 1946 -8:00 - PST 1969 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30 -9:00 US AK%sT Zone America/Metlakatla 15:13:42 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:44:55 -8:46:18 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00 -8:00 - PST 1942 -8:00 US P%sT 1946 -8:00 - PST 1969 -8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00 -8:00 - PST 2015 Nov 1 2:00 -9:00 US AK%sT 2018 Nov 4 2:00 -8:00 - PST 2019 Jan 20 2:00 -9:00 US AK%sT Zone America/Yakutat 14:41:05 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:12:18 -9:18:55 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00 -9:00 - YST 1942 -9:00 US Y%sT 1946 -9:00 - YST 1969 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30 -9:00 US AK%sT Zone America/Anchorage 14:00:24 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 14:31:37 -9:59:36 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00 -10:00 - AST 1942 -10:00 US A%sT 1967 Apr -10:00 - AHST 1969 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30 -9:00 US AK%sT Zone America/Nome 12:58:22 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 13:29:35 -11:01:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00 -11:00 - NST 1942 -11:00 US N%sT 1946 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr -11:00 - BST 1969 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00 -9:00 US Y%sT 1983 Nov 30 -9:00 US AK%sT Zone America/Adak 12:13:22 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 12:44:35 -11:46:38 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00 -11:00 - NST 1942 -11:00 US N%sT 1946 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr -11:00 - BST 1969 -11:00 US B%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00 -10:00 US AH%sT 1983 Nov 30 -10:00 US H%sT # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff. # # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak) # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00, # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later. # # From David Flater (2004-11-09): # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967 # possibly until 1983: # # Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967: # "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important # location not on Alaska Standard Time. The following resolution was # made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it # resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard # Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday, # January 14, Alaska Standard Time.) This resolution was passed with # three votes for and one against." # Hawaii # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09): # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09, # the article is available at # https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933) # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)." # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19): # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of # Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90. # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor # of the Territory of Hawaii." # # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday. # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1896 Jan 13 12:00 -10:30 - HST 1933 Apr 30 2:00 -10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 21 12:00 -10:30 US H%sT 1947 Jun 8 2:00 -10:00 - HST # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970. # Arizona mostly uses MST. # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20): # # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the # Daylight Saving Time web page # (2002-01-23) # maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records. # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time. The 1944-03-17 Phoenix # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was # the date the state's clocks would change. In 1945 the State of # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as # mandated by federal law. Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST. # # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17. # Go with the Arizona State Library instead. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 11:31:42 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Jan 1 0:01 -7:00 - MST 1944 Apr 1 0:01 -7:00 US M%sT 1944 Oct 1 0:01 -7:00 - MST 1967 -7:00 US M%sT 1968 Mar 21 -7:00 - MST # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13): # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc., # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its # large size and location in three states." (The "only" means that other # tribal nations don't use DST.) # # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26): # See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation. # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine, # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark, # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome, # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power, # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County) # switched four weeks late in 1974. # # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:11 -8:00 US P%sT 1923 May 13 2:00 -7:00 US M%sT 1974 -7:00 - MST 1974 Feb 3 2:00 -7:00 US M%sT # Indiana # # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see: # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana # # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30): # A brief but entertaining history of time in Indiana describes a 1949 debate # in the Indiana House where city legislators (who favored "fast time") # tussled with farm legislators (who didn't) over a bill to outlaw DST: # "Lacking enough votes, the city faction tries to filibuster until time runs # out on the session at midnight, but rural champion Rep. Herbert Copeland, # R-Madison, leans over the gallery railing and forces the official clock # back to 9 p.m., breaking it in the process. The clock sticks on 9 as the # debate rages on into the night. The filibuster finally dies out and the # bill passes, while outside the chamber, clocks read 3:30 a.m. In the end, # it doesn't matter which side won. The law has no enforcement powers and # is simply ignored by fast-time communities." # How Indiana went from 'God's time' to split zones and daylight-saving. # Indianapolis Star. 2018-11-27 14:58 -05. # https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2018/11/27/indianapolis-indiana-time-zone-history-central-eastern-daylight-savings-time/2126300002/ # # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis, # with the following exceptions: # # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer, # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago. # # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York. # # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like # America/Kentucky/Louisville. # # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke, # and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below. # # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history, # and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information." # Those Hoosiers! Such a flighty and changeable people! # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. # # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level. # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'. # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26): # https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana # says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke, # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of # this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time." # Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their # clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error. The intent # was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT. # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10): # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007.... # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule Indianapolis 1941 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Indianapolis 1946 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22 -6:00 US C%sT 1920 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942 -6:00 US C%sT 1946 -6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1955 Apr 24 2:00 -5:00 - EST 1957 Sep 29 2:00 -6:00 - CST 1958 Apr 27 2:00 -5:00 - EST 1969 -5:00 US E%sT 1971 -5:00 - EST 2006 -5:00 US E%sT # # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974, # as well as from 1976 through 2005. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule Marengo 1951 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Marengo 1951 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:37 -6:00 US C%sT 1951 -6:00 Marengo C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00 -5:00 - EST 1969 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00 -5:00 US E%sT 1976 -5:00 - EST 2006 -5:00 US E%sT # # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana, # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back # in November 2007. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Vincennes 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Vincennes 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Vincennes 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Vincennes 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Vincennes 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Vincennes 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Vincennes 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Vincennes 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:53 -6:00 US C%sT 1946 -6:00 Vincennes C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00 -5:00 - EST 1969 -5:00 US E%sT 1971 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00 -5:00 US E%sT # # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006. -# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-09): +# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-09): # The Indianapolis News, Friday 27 October 1967 states that Perry County # returned to CST. It went again to EST on 27 April 1969, as documented by the # Indianapolis star of Saturday 26 April. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule Perry 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Perry 1955 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Perry 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Perry 1961 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:57 -6:00 US C%sT 1946 -6:00 Perry C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00 -5:00 - EST 1967 Oct 29 2:00 -6:00 US C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00 -5:00 US E%sT 1971 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00 -6:00 US C%sT # # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977, # then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule Pike 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Pike 1955 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Pike 1956 1964 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Pike 1961 1964 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:10:53 -6:00 US C%sT 1955 -6:00 Pike C%sT 1965 Apr 25 2:00 -5:00 - EST 1966 Oct 30 2:00 -6:00 US C%sT 1977 Oct 30 2:00 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Nov 4 2:00 -5:00 US E%sT # # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991, # then switched back in 2006. # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28): # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of # 1991-10-27. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule Starke 1947 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Starke 1947 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Starke 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Starke 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Starke 1959 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:30 -6:00 US C%sT 1947 -6:00 Starke C%sT 1962 Apr 29 2:00 -5:00 - EST 1963 Oct 27 2:00 -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00 -6:00 US C%sT # # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule Pulaski 1946 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Pulaski 1946 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Pulaski 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Pulaski 1957 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:35 -6:00 US C%sT 1946 -6:00 Pulaski C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00 -5:00 - EST 1969 -5:00 US E%sT 1971 -5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00 -6:00 US C%sT 2007 Mar 11 2:00 -5:00 US E%sT # # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:19:44 -6:00 US C%sT 1954 Apr 25 2:00 -5:00 - EST 1969 -5:00 US E%sT 1973 -5:00 - EST 2006 -5:00 US E%sT # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-20): # The Louisville & Nashville Railroad's 1883-11-18 change occurred at # 10:00 old local time; train were supposed to come to a standstill # for precisely 18 minutes. See Bartky Fig. 1 (page 50). It is not # clear how this matched civil time in Louisville, so for now continue # to assume Louisville switched at noon new local time, like New York. # # From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06): # From the contemporary source given by Alois Treindl, # the switch in Louisville on 1946-04-28 was on 00:01 # From Paul Eggert (2019-08-26): # That source was the Louisville Courier-Journal, 1946-04-27, p 4. # Shanks gives 02:00 for all 20th-century transition times in Louisville. # Evidently this is wrong for spring 1946. Although also likely wrong # for other dates, we have no data. # # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974. # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S Rule Louisville 1941 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Louisville 1941 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Louisville 1946 only - Apr lastSun 0:01 1:00 D Rule Louisville 1946 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 S Rule Louisville 1950 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Louisville 1950 1955 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Louisville 1956 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:16:58 -6:00 US C%sT 1921 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1942 -6:00 US C%sT 1946 -6:00 Louisville C%sT 1961 Jul 23 2:00 -5:00 - EST 1968 -5:00 US E%sT 1974 Jan 6 2:00 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1974 Oct 27 2:00 -5:00 US E%sT # # Wayne County, Kentucky # # From Lake Cumberland LIFE # http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml # (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7: # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from # the Central to the Eastern time zone.... The Wayne County government made # the same request in December. And while Russell County officials have not # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also. # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S. # location in the Central time zone. # # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29): # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion, # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern # (-0500) time. They won't "fall back" this year. See Sara Shipley, # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400). # # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16): # The final rule was published in the # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158. # https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2000-08-17/html/00-20854.htm # Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:20:36 -6:00 US C%sT 1946 -6:00 - CST 1968 -6:00 US C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 -5:00 US E%sT # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30): # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985. # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central; # previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10 # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10 # # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17): # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS, # so omit that change for now. # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change. # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change. # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on # 1999-10-31. See the # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707. # https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-1999-10-21/html/99-27240.htm # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official; # hence a separate tz entry is not needed. # Michigan # # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973. # # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31): # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18, # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01) # that Detroit kept # # local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should # be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time. Half the # city obeyed, half refused. After considerable debate, the decision # was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time. A derisive offer to # erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the # Committee on Sewers. Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted # by city vote. # # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks. # # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): # Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks # one hour in 1914." This change is not in Shanks. We have no more # info, so omit this for now. # # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-06): # Due to a complicated set of legal maneuvers, in 1967 Michigan did # not start daylight saving time when the rest of the US did. # Instead, it began DST on Jun 14 at 00:01. This was big news: # the Detroit Free Press reported it at the top of Page 1 on # 1967-06-14, in an article "State Adjusting to Switch to Fast Time" # by Gary Blonston, above an article about Thurgood Marshall's # confirmation to the US Supreme Court. Although Shanks says Detroit # observed DST until 1967-10-29 00:01, that time of day seems to be # incorrect, as the Free Press later said DST ended in Michigan at the # same time as the rest of the US. Also, although Shanks reports no DST in # Detroit in 1968, it did observe DST that year; in the November 1968 # election Michigan voters narrowly repealed DST, effective 1969. # # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule Detroit 1948 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Detroit 1948 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Detroit -5:32:11 - LMT 1905 -6:00 - CST 1915 May 15 2:00 -5:00 - EST 1942 -5:00 US E%sT 1946 -5:00 Detroit E%sT 1967 Jun 14 0:01 -5:00 US E%sT 1969 -5:00 - EST 1973 -5:00 US E%sT 1975 -5:00 - EST 1975 Apr 27 2:00 -5:00 US E%sT # # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan, # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule Menominee 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Menominee 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Menominee 1966 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Menominee 1966 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18 12:00 -6:00 US C%sT 1946 -6:00 Menominee C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00 -5:00 - EST 1973 Apr 29 2:00 -6:00 US C%sT # Navassa # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act # also claimed by Haiti # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09 # currently uninhabited # see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord", # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994). ################################################################################ # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): # # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. # # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source # for time zone data was the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # Other sources occasionally used include: # # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 # . # # Pearce C. The Great Daylight Saving Time Controversy. # Australian Ebook Publisher. 2017. ISBN 978-1-925516-96-8. # # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), # which I found in the UCLA library. # # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition # # [PDF] (1914-03) # # See the 'europe' file for Greenland. # Canada # From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14): # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard.... # # UTC Standard time Daylight saving time # offset French English French English # -2:30 - - HAT NDT # -3 - - HAA ADT # -3:30 HNT NST - - # -4 HNA AST HAE EDT # -5 HNE EST HAC CDT # -6 HNC CST HAR MDT # -7 HNR MST HAP PDT # -8 HNP PST HAY YDT # -9 HNY YST - - # # HN: Heure Normale ST: Standard Time # HA: Heure Avancée DT: Daylight saving Time # # A: de l'Atlantique Atlantic # C: du Centre Central # E: de l'Est Eastern # M: Mountain # N: Newfoundland # P: du Pacifique Pacific # R: des Rocheuses # T: de Terre-Neuve # Y: du Yukon Yukon # # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22): # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software. # Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks # & Pottenger. # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31, # 2007-03-01): # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the # U.S. and the rest of Canada.... # https://archive.news.gov.bc.ca/releases/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm # ... # Nova Scotia # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007.... # https://www.novascotia.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf # # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01. # https://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf # ... # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00. # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00. # https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php # ... # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules. # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF # ... # P.E.I. will follow US rules.... # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf # ... # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador.... # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm # ... # Yukon # https://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf # ... # N.W.T. will follow US rules. Whoever maintains the government web site # does not seem to believe in bookmarks. To see the news release, click the # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change". Press the # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using # JavaScript. # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive # ... # Nunavut # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007.... # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-18): # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998) # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp # contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998. # # National Research Council Canada maintains info about time zones and DST. # https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html # https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/faq/index.html#Q5 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent. # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27): # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the # new US DST rules, # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01) # In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260 # she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review. # The quote includes these two statements: # 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...' # '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,' # These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time # that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918. This transition was # also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star. # In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed # Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day # than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Canada 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D Rule Canada 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War Rule Canada 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace Rule Canada 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S Rule Canada 1974 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Canada 1974 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Canada 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Canada 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D Rule Canada 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S # Newfoundland and Labrador # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-14): # Legally Labrador should observe Newfoundland time; see: # McLeod J. Labrador time - legal or not? St. John's Telegram, 2017-10-07 # http://www.thetelegram.com/news/local/labrador-time--legal-or-not-154860/ # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that the only part of Labrador # that follows the rules is the southeast corner, including Port Hope # Simpson and Mary's Harbour, but excluding, say, Black Tickle. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule StJohns 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00 1:00 D Rule StJohns 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule StJohns 1919 only - May 5 23:00 1:00 D Rule StJohns 1919 only - Aug 12 23:00 0 S # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - May Sun>=1 23:00 1:00 D Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - Oct lastSun 23:00 0 S # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks & # Pottenger. Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - May Mon>=9 0:00 1:00 D Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - Oct Mon>=2 0:00 0 S # Whitman gives the following transitions: # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07 # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules. # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D Rule StJohns 1946 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S Rule StJohns 1951 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule StJohns 1951 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule StJohns 1960 1986 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches # at 00:01 local time. For now, assume it started in 1987. # From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12): # We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the # changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed. # The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time # now occurs at 2:00AM. # ... # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm # ... # MICHAEL PELLEY | Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery # Office of the Chief Information Officer # Executive Council # Government of Newfoundland & Labrador Rule StJohns 1987 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D Rule StJohns 1987 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S Rule StJohns 1988 only - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 2:00 DD Rule StJohns 1989 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D Rule StJohns 2007 2011 - Mar Sun>=8 0:01 1:00 D Rule StJohns 2007 2010 - Nov Sun>=1 0:01 0 S # # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1918 -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919 -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11 -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 2011 Nov -3:30 Canada N%sT # most of east Labrador # The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay -3:30:52 - NST 1918 -3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919 -3:30:52 - NST 1935 Mar 30 -3:30 - NST 1936 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1942 May 11 -3:30 Canada N%sT 1946 -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1966 Mar 15 2:00 -4:00 StJohns A%sT 2011 Nov -4:00 Canada A%sT # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I, # Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Listuguj reserve # From Brian Inglis (2015-07-20): # From the historical weather station records available at: # https://weatherspark.com/history/28351/1971/Sydney-Nova-Scotia-Canada # Sydney shares the same time history as Glace Bay, so was # likely to be the same across the island.... # Sydney, as the capital and most populous location, or Cape Breton, would # have been better names for the zone had we known this in 1996. # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-20): # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like # Halifax. Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972; # the Cape Breton area, represented by Glace Bay, is the largest we know of # (Glace Bay was perhaps not the best name choice but no point changing now). # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume # this is a typo. # From Jeffery Nichols (2020-01-09): # America/Halifax ... also applies to Îles-de-la-Madeleine and the Listuguj # reserve in Quebec. Officially, this came into effect on January 1, 2007 # (Legal Time Act, CQLR c T-5.1), but the legislative debates surrounding that # bill say that it is "accommodating the customs and practices" of those # regions, which suggests that they have always been in-line with Halifax. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Halifax 1916 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1920 only - May 9 0:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1920 only - Aug 29 0:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1921 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1921 1922 - Sep 5 0:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1922 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1923 1925 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1923 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1924 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1925 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1926 only - May 16 0:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1926 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1927 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1927 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1928 1931 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1928 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1929 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1930 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1931 1932 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1932 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1933 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1933 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1934 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1934 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1935 only - Jun 2 0:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1935 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1936 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1936 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1937 1938 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1937 1941 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1939 only - May 28 0:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1940 1941 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1946 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1951 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1918 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1919 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974 -4:00 Canada A%sT Zone America/Glace_Bay -3:59:48 - LMT 1902 Jun 15 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1953 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1954 -4:00 - AST 1972 -4:00 Halifax A%sT 1974 -4:00 Canada A%sT # New Brunswick # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31): # The Time Definition Act # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and # makes it # clear that this was the case since at least 1993. # For now, assume it started in 1993. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Jun Sun>=8 1:00 1:00 D Rule Moncton 1933 1935 - Sep Sun>=8 1:00 0 S Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 D Rule Moncton 1936 1938 - Sep Sun>=1 1:00 0 S Rule Moncton 1939 only - May 27 1:00 1:00 D Rule Moncton 1939 1941 - Sep Sat>=21 1:00 0 S Rule Moncton 1940 only - May 19 1:00 1:00 D Rule Moncton 1941 only - May 4 1:00 1:00 D Rule Moncton 1946 1972 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Moncton 1946 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Moncton 1957 1972 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Moncton -4:19:08 - LMT 1883 Dec 9 -5:00 - EST 1902 Jun 15 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1933 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1942 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1946 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 1973 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1993 -4:00 Moncton A%sT 2007 -4:00 Canada A%sT # Quebec # From Paul Eggert (2020-01-10): # See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal. # See America/Halifax for the Îles de la Madeleine and the Listuguj reserve. # # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST. # The Quebec department of justice writes in # "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord" # https://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/en/department/ministre/functions-and-responsabilities/legal-time-in-quebec/the-situation-in-minganie-and-basse-cote-nord/ # that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon # observes Atlantic standard time all year round. # This common practice was codified into law as of 2007; see Legal Time Act, # CQLR c T-5.1 . # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970 -4:00 - AST # Ontario # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09): # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like # Toronto. # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973. # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974; # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of. # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax. # From Jeffery Nichols (2020-02-06): # According to the [Shanks] atlas, those western Ontario zones are huge, # covering most of Ontario northwest of Sault Ste Marie and Timmins. # The zones seem to include towns bigger than the ones they're named after, # like Dryden in America/Rainy_River and Wawa (and maybe Attawapiskat) in # America/Nipigon. I assume it's too much trouble to change the name of the # zone (like when you found out that America/Glace_Bay includes Sydney, Nova # Scotia).... # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26): # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw # have already done so. In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday, # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after # only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but # presumably that should be -07-06. (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters # earlier in June). # # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21). # # From Paul Eggert (2017-07-08): # For more on Orillia, see: Daubs K. Bold attempt at daylight saving # time became a comic failure in Orillia. Toronto Star 2017-07-08. # https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2017/07/08/bold-attempt-at-daylight-saving-time-became-a-comic-failure-in-orillia.html # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17): # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST, # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT. # He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9) # http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT. # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice. # # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in # violation of the official Ontario rules. # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09): # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said: # # The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round. # This means they spend about half the time on central time and # the other half on eastern time. # # For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said. # # "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern # Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he # said. "I don't see any changes happening here." # # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice." # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton: # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current # time keeping since 1952, at least. # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17): # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from # McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time # ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file. # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06): # # Currently the database has: # # # Ontario # # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09): # # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like # # Toronto. # # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973. # # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974; # # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of. # # In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom # right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard # time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that: # # The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario, # except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year. # # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon. # # I only came across this incidentally. I don't know if Windsor began # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date. # # By the way, the article continues by noting that: # # Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back # three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October. # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17): # # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17, # was available at # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S # # It includes the text below (starting on page 57): # # A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav- # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite, # for the other provinces only approximate: # # Province Daylight saving time used # Prince Edward Island Not used. # Nova Scotia In Halifax only. # New Brunswick In St. John only. # Quebec In the following places: # Montreal Lachine # Quebec Mont-Royal # Lévis Iberville # St. Lambert Cap de la Madelèine # Verdun Loretteville # Westmount Richmond # Outremont St. Jérôme # Longueuil Greenfield Park # Arvida Waterloo # Chambly-Canton Beaulieu # Melbourne La Tuque # St. Théophile Buckingham # Ontario Used generally in the cities and towns along # the southerly part of the province. Not # used in the northwesterly part. # Manitoba Not used. # Saskatchewan In Regina only. # Alberta Not used. # British Columbia Not used. # # With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Toronto 1919 only - Mar 30 23:30 1:00 D Rule Toronto 1919 only - Oct 26 0:00 0 S Rule Toronto 1920 only - May 2 2:00 1:00 D Rule Toronto 1920 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 S Rule Toronto 1921 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 D Rule Toronto 1921 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 S Rule Toronto 1922 1923 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16" # was meant. Rule Toronto 1922 1926 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 S Rule Toronto 1924 1927 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Toronto 1927 1937 - Sep Sun>=25 2:00 0 S Rule Toronto 1928 1937 - Apr Sun>=25 2:00 1:00 D Rule Toronto 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Toronto 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Toronto 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Toronto 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Toronto 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D Rule Toronto 1947 1948 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S Rule Toronto 1949 only - Nov lastSun 0:00 0 S Rule Toronto 1950 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Toronto 1950 only - Nov lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Toronto 1951 1956 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971, # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30 # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual. Rule Toronto 1957 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27): # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw, # Saskatchewan, for one year." # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator, # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12): # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to # include the Thunder Bay area.... When Canada adopted daylight # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so # already, did not change their clocks.... During the Second World # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer # months for the remainder of the war years. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Toronto -5:17:32 - LMT 1895 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1919 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s -5:00 Canada E%sT 1946 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1974 -5:00 Canada E%sT Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 - LMT 1895 -6:00 - CST 1910 -5:00 - EST 1942 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1970 -5:00 Toronto E%sT 1973 -5:00 - EST 1974 -5:00 Canada E%sT Zone America/Nipigon -5:53:04 - LMT 1895 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1940 Sep 29 -5:00 1:00 EDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s -5:00 Canada E%sT Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s -6:00 Canada C%sT Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00 -5:00 - EST # Manitoba # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06): # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to # March 27, 1987 ... said ... # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."... # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had # been assented to (March 22, 1967).... # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time). # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10): # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s) # starting 1966. Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume # it was also 02:00s in 1966. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Winn 1916 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D Rule Winn 1916 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 S Rule Winn 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D Rule Winn 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S Rule Winn 1937 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 D Rule Winn 1937 only - Sep 26 2:00 0 S Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War Rule Winn 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace Rule Winn 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Winn 1946 only - May 12 2:00 1:00 D Rule Winn 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Winn 1947 1949 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Winn 1950 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Winn 1950 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S Rule Winn 1951 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Winn 1951 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Winn 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Winn 1960 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Winn 1963 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Winn 1963 only - Sep 22 2:00 0 S Rule Winn 1966 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Winn 1966 2005 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule Winn 1987 2005 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Winnipeg -6:28:36 - LMT 1887 Jul 16 -6:00 Winn C%sT 2006 -6:00 Canada C%sT # Saskatchewan # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26): # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal # level. As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight, # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook." # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned: # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of # the summer". The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad # time was noted. # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27): # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year." # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25): # Pearce's book says Regina observed DST in 1914-1917. No dates and times, # unfortunately. It also says that in 1914 Saskatoon observed DST # from 1 June to 6 July, and that DST was also tried out in Davidson, # Melfort, and Prince Albert. # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina. # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972. # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton. # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law. # From W. Jones (1992-11-06): # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department. # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother. # # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated # their affiliations in one direction or the other. In 1965 a provincial # referendum favoured legislating common time practices. # # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST. # # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round # since sometime in the 1960s. # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26): # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages # long and rather painful to read. # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Regina 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D Rule Regina 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S Rule Regina 1930 1934 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Regina 1930 1934 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S Rule Regina 1937 1941 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D Rule Regina 1937 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S Rule Regina 1938 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S Rule Regina 1939 1941 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War Rule Regina 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace Rule Regina 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0 S Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Regina 1947 1957 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Regina 1959 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Regina 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Rule Swift 1957 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Swift 1957 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Swift 1959 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Swift 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Swift 1960 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep -7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00 -6:00 - CST Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 - LMT 1905 Sep -7:00 Canada M%sT 1946 Apr lastSun 2:00 -7:00 Regina M%sT 1950 -7:00 Swift M%sT 1972 Apr lastSun 2:00 -6:00 - CST # Alberta -# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-19): +# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-19): # There was no DST in Alberta in 1967... Calgary Herald, 29 April 1967. # 1969, no DST, from Edmonton Journal 18 April 1969 # # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25): # Pearce's book says that Alberta's 1948 Daylight Saving Act required # Mountain Standard Time without DST, and that "anyone who broke that law # could be fined up to $25 and costs". There seems to be no record of # anybody paying the fine. The law was not changed until an August 1971 # plebiscite reinstituted DST in 1972. This story is also mentioned in: # Boyer JP. Forcing Choice: The Risky Reward of Referendums. Dundum. 2017. # ISBN 978-1459739123. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Edm 1918 1919 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D Rule Edm 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S Rule Edm 1919 only - May 27 2:00 0 S Rule Edm 1920 1923 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Edm 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Edm 1921 1923 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Edm 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War Rule Edm 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace Rule Edm 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Edm 1947 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Edm 1947 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Edm 1972 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Edm 1972 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep -7:00 Edm M%sT 1987 -7:00 Canada M%sT # British Columbia # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has # been like Vancouver. # Dawson Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton. # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek. # It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct: # From Chris Walton (2011-12-01): # There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia # that do not currently observe daylight saving: # a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area) # b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District # (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John) # Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time # keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the # manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009. # http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260 # According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918. # i.e. Creston has been stuck on UT-7 for 93 years. # Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972. # Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains # unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months # ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just # as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing # the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the # subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010. # http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56 # Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history: # 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7) # Exact date unknown # 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8) # Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess. # 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7) # Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess. # note 1: # On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada, # Creston did not change its clocks. # note 2: # During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change, # Creston did not oblige. # note 3: # There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time # (UTC-7) forever. # The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council. # http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html # During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada. # In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying # summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before # the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this # period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough # (to anyone) to further complicate the rules. # The transition dates (and times) are guesses. # From Matt Johnson (2015-09-21): # Fort Nelson, BC, Canada will cancel DST this year. So while previously they # were aligned with America/Vancouver, they're now aligned with # America/Dawson_Creek. # http://www.northernrockies.ca/EN/meta/news/archives/2015/northern-rockies-time-change.html # # From Tim Parenti (2015-09-23): # This requires a new zone for the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality, # America/Fort_Nelson. The resolution of 2014-12-08 was reached following a # 2014-11-15 poll with nearly 75% support. Effectively, the municipality has # been on MST (-0700) like Dawson Creek since it advanced its clocks on # 2015-03-08. # # From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25): # Shanks says Fort Nelson did not observe DST in 1946, unlike Vancouver. -# Alois Triendl confirmed this on 07-22, citing the 1946-04-27 Vancouver Daily +# Alois Treindl confirmed this on 07-22, citing the 1946-04-27 Vancouver Daily # Province. He also cited the 1946-09-28 Victoria Daily Times, which said # that Vancouver, Victoria, etc. "change at midnight Saturday"; for now, # guess they meant 02:00 Sunday since 02:00 was common practice in Vancouver. # # Early Vancouver, Volume Four, by Major J.S. Matthews, V.D., 2011 edition # says that a 1922 plebiscite adopted DST, but a 1923 plebiscite rejected it. # http://former.vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/archives/digitized/EarlyVan/SearchEarlyVan/Vol4pdf/MatthewsEarlyVancouverVol4_DaylightSavings.pdf # A catalog entry for a newspaper clipping seems to indicate that Vancouver # observed DST in 1941 from 07-07 through 09-27; see # https://searcharchives.vancouver.ca/daylight-saving-1918-starts-again-july-7-1941-start-d-s-sept-27-end-of-d-s-1941 # We have no further details, so omit them for now. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War Rule Vanc 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace Rule Vanc 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S Rule Vanc 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Vanc 1946 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 S Rule Vanc 1947 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Vanc 1962 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987 -8:00 Canada P%sT Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT 1884 -8:00 Canada P%sT 1947 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1972 Aug 30 2:00 -7:00 - MST Zone America/Fort_Nelson -8:10:47 - LMT 1884 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1946 -8:00 - PST 1947 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987 -8:00 Canada P%sT 2015 Mar 8 2:00 -7:00 - MST Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884 -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1 -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2 -7:00 - MST # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979. # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs: # * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68, # c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9.... # see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1). # [https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/laws/stat/rsc-1985-c-i-21/latest/rsc-1985-c-i-21.html] # * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00. # * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST. # * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00. # From Brian Inglis (2015-04-14): # # I tried to trace the history of Yukon time and found the following # regulations, giving the reference title and URL if found, regulation name, # and relevant quote if available. Each regulation specifically revokes its # predecessor. The final reference is to the current Interpretation Act # authorizing and resulting from these regulatory changes. # # Only recent regulations were retrievable via Yukon government site search or # index, and only some via Canadian legal sources. Other sources used include # articles titled "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" from JRASC via ADS # Abstracts, cited by ADO for 1932 ..., and updated versions from 1958 and # 1970 quoted below; each article includes current extracts from provincial # and territorial ST and DST regulations at the end, summaries and details of # standard times and daylight saving time at many locations across Canada, # with time zone maps, tables and calculations for Canadian Sunrise, Sunset, # and LMST; they also cover many countries and global locations, with a chart # and table showing current Universal Time offsets, and may be useful as # another source of information for 1970 and earlier. # # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; JRASC, Vol. 26, # pp.49-77; February 1932; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JRASC..26...49S from p.75: # Yukon Interpretation Ordinance # Yukon standard time is the local mean time at the one hundred and # thirty-fifth meridian. # # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; Thomson, Malcolm M.; # JRASC, Vol. 52, pp.193-223; October 1958; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System # (ADS) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958JRASC..52..193S from pp.220-1: # Yukon Interpretation Ordinance, 1955, Chap. 16. # # (1) Subject to this section, standard time shall be reckoned as nine # hours behind Greenwich Time and called Yukon Standard Time. # # (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Commissioner may make regulations # varying the manner of reckoning standard time. # # * Yukon Territory Commissioner's Order 1966-20 Interpretation Ordinance # [no online source found] # # * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Thomson, Malcolm M.; JRASC, # Vol. 64, pp.129-162; June 1970; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970JRASC..64..129T from p.156: Yukon # Territory Commissioner's Order 1967-59 Interpretation Ordinance ... # # 1. Commissioner's Order 1966-20 dated at Whitehorse in the Yukon # Territory on 27th January, 1966, is hereby revoked. # # 2. Yukon (East) Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the # Interpretation Ordinance from and after mid-night on the 28th day of May, # 1967 shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that # is to say, eight hours behind Greenwich Time in the area of the Yukon # Territory lying east of the 138th degree longitude west. # # 3. In the remainder of the Territory, lying west of the 138th degree # longitude west, Yukon (West) Standard Time shall be reckoned as nine # hours behind Greenwich Time. # # * Yukon Standard Time defined as Pacific Standard Time, YCO 1973/214 # https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yco-1973-214/latest/yco-1973-214.html # C.O. 1973/214 INTERPRETATION ACT ... # # 1. Effective October 28, 1973 Commissioner's Order 1967/59 is hereby # revoked. # # 2. Yukon Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the Interpretation # Act from and after midnight on the twenty-eighth day of October, 1973 # shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that is # to say eight hours behind Greenwich Time. # # * O.I.C. 1980/02 INTERPRETATION ACT # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/attachments/20201125/d5adc93b/CAYTOIC1980-02DST1980-01-04-0001.pdf # # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time, YOIC 1987/56 # https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-1987-56/latest/yoic-1987-56.html # O.I.C. 1987/056 INTERPRETATION ACT ... # # In every year between # (a) two o'clock in the morning in the first Sunday in April, and # (b) two o'clock in the morning in the last Sunday in October, # Standard Time shall be reckoned as seven hours behind Greenwich Time and # called Yukon Daylight Saving Time. # ... # Dated ... 9th day of March, A.D., 1987. # # * Yukon Daylight Saving Time 2006, YOIC 2006/127 # https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-2006-127/latest/yoic-2006-127.html # O.I.C. 2006/127 INTERPRETATION ACT ... # # 1. In Yukon each year the time for general purposes shall be 7 hours # behind Greenwich mean time during the period commencing at two o'clock # in the forenoon on the second Sunday of March and ending at two o'clock # in the forenoon on the first Sunday of November and shall be called # Yukon Daylight Saving Time. # # 2. Order-in-Council 1987/56 is revoked. # # 3. This order comes into force January 1, 2007. # # * Interpretation Act, RSY 2002, c 125 # https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/stat/rsy-2002-c-125/latest/rsy-2002-c-125.html # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04): # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone. # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31 # http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html # # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06): # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region. # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): # Basic Facts: The New Territory # http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html # (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time, # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST. We don't know when # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995. # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time, # Pangnirtung wobbled. Here is the result of their wobble: # # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time: # # First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP, # Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist # # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time: # # Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator # # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news. # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally. # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart, # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long. # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with # the current state of affairs. # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19): # http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones, # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time # for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then] # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6. # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories # for these potential new Zones. # # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central # zone] skip daylight savings. Baffin Island, which is crossed by the # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time. # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not # required to use daylight savings. # From # Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10): # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter. # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with # the rest of the territory for the winter. Cambridge Bay remained on # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's # unified time zone in 1999. # # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government: # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000. # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): # Let's just keep track of the official times for now. # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07): # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern). Of the # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round. I'm # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with # more. # [Also see (2001-03-09).] # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21): # According to ... # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year # round. Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this. # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years.... # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used. # # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-17): # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed # daylight saving only during wartime. Gwillim Law's email also # mentioned maps now maintained by National Research Council Canada; # see above for an up-to-date link. # From Chris Walton (2007-03-01): # ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in # Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November. # Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of # daylight saving.... # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html # From Chris Walton (2011-03-21): # Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute # Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of # the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had # decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007. # # According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay # went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008... # # On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March # 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I # talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able # to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was # explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone # (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT). # i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks # had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in # so they could follow the correct TV schedule... # # On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived # and worked in Resolute Bay... # # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not # tell me when the practice had stopped. # # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on # Aziz: # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493 # # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using # Eastern Standard Time. # # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs" # # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008. # # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site" # # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would # never have contacted her. I now believe that all the information I # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored... # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008. # From Tim Parenti (2020-03-05): # The government of Yukon announced [yesterday] the cessation of seasonal time # changes. "After clocks are pushed ahead one hour on March 8, the territory # will remain on [UTC-07]. ... [The government] found 93 per cent of # respondents wanted to end seasonal time changes and, of that group, 70 per # cent wanted 'permanent Pacific Daylight Saving Time.'" # https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/yukon-end-daylight-saving-time-1.5486358 # # Although the government press release prefers PDT, we prefer MST for # consistency with nearby Dawson Creek, Creston, and Fort Nelson. # https://yukon.ca/en/news/yukon-end-seasonal-time-change # From Andrew G. Smith (2020-09-24): # Yukon has completed its regulatory change to be on UTC -7 year-round.... # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2020_125.pdf # What we have done is re-defined Yukon Standard Time, as we are # authorized to do under section 33 of our Interpretation Act: # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/acts/interpretation_c.pdf # # From Paul Eggert (2020-09-24): # tzdb uses the obsolete YST abbreviation for standard time in Yukon through # about 1970, and uses PST for standard time in Yukon since then. Consistent # with that, use MST for -07, the new standard time in Yukon effective Nov. 1. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S Rule NT_YK 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D Rule NT_YK 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Apr lastSun 0:00 2:00 DD Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule NT_YK 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule NT_YK 1980 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule NT_YK 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # aka Panniqtuuq Zone America/Pangnirtung 0 - -00 1921 # trading post est. -4:00 NT_YK A%sT 1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 -5:00 Canada E%sT # formerly Frobisher Bay Zone America/Iqaluit 0 - -00 1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est. -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 -5:00 Canada E%sT # aka Qausuittuq Zone America/Resolute 0 - -00 1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2006 Oct 29 2:00 -5:00 - EST 2007 Mar 11 3:00 -6:00 Canada C%sT # aka Kangiqiniq Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0 - -00 1957 # Rankin Inlet founded -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 -5:00 - EST 2001 Apr 1 3:00 -6:00 Canada C%sT # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0 - -00 1920 # trading post est.? -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00 -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 -5:00 - EST 2000 Nov 5 0:00 -6:00 - CST 2001 Apr 1 3:00 -7:00 Canada M%sT Zone America/Yellowknife 0 - -00 1935 # Yellowknife founded? -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980 -7:00 Canada M%sT Zone America/Inuvik 0 - -00 1953 # Inuvik founded -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1979 Apr lastSun 2:00 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1980 -7:00 Canada M%sT Zone America/Whitehorse -9:00:12 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1967 May 28 0:00 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980 -8:00 Canada P%sT 2020 Nov 1 -7:00 - MST Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT 1980 -8:00 Canada P%sT 2020 Nov 1 -7:00 - MST ############################################################################### # Mexico # From Paul Eggert (2014-12-07): # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish) # http://www.diputados.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/index.htm # # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC. # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.) # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923. # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16. # S&P report no DST during summer 1931. # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01. # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20): # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the # tz database. I think they can best be explained by supposing that # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of # the relevant documents. # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15): # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico. # # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message ------------- # # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the # rules for the DST changes. The rules are: # # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones: # - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ) # - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ) # - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ) # # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October # at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows: # BajaNorte: GMT+7 # BajaSur: GMT+6 # General: GMT+5 # # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows: # BajaNorte: GMT+8 # BajaSur: GMT+7 # General: GMT+6 # # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th. # # -------------- End Forwarded Message -------------- # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12): # For an English translation of the decree, see # "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04). # http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02). # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10): # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of # Arizona year round. # From Jesper Nørgaard, translating # (2001-01-17): # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the # whole year. # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19): # ... says # (translated):... # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting # this year.... # http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September. # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25): # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."... # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html # ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than # the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish # observation of Daylight Saving Time. # Official statute published by the Energy Department # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre # (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules, # and Sonora with no DST. This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03). # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03): # # https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-03-mn-32561-story.html # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time. # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that # the Federal District will not adopt DST. # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree. # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including # the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools. # # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules. # From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01): # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending # September 30, 2001. # References: "Diario de Monterrey" # Palabra (2001-03-31) # From Reuters (2001-09-04): # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation # next year.... The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00 # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said. # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12): # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico.... # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20) # confirms this. Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied. # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28): # # Steffen Thorsen wrote: # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as # > the United States. # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from # 2010, some border regions will be the same: # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/ # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939 # (Spanish) # # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here: # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf # (Gaceta Parlamentaria) # # There is also a list of the votes here: # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html # # Our page: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20): # The page # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010 # includes this text: # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California; # Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila; # Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en # Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos # horas del primer domingo de noviembre. # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea # internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte # kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el # interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre. # From Steffen Thorsen (2014-12-08), translated by Gwillim Law: # The Mexican state of Quintana Roo will likely change to EST in 2015. # # http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2014/12/04/medio-ambiente/congreso-aprueba-una-hora-mas-de-sol-en-qroo # "With this change, the time conflict that has existed between the municipios # of Quintana Roo and the municipio of Felipe Carrillo Puerto may come to an # end. The latter declared itself in rebellion 15 years ago when a time change # was initiated in Mexico, and since then it has refused to change its time # zone along with the rest of the country." # # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-01-14), translated by Gwillim Law: # http://sipse.com/novedades/confirman-aplicacion-de-nueva-zona-horaria-para-quintana-roo-132331.html # "...the new time zone will come into effect at two o'clock on the first Sunday # of February, when we will have to advance the clock one hour from its current # time..." # Also, the new zone will not use DST. # # From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2015-02-02): # The decree that modifies the Mexican Hour System Law has finally # been published at the Diario Oficial de la Federación # http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5380123&fecha=31/01/2015 # It establishes 5 zones for Mexico: # 1- Zona Centro (Central Zone): Corresponds to longitude 90 W, # includes most of Mexico, excluding what's mentioned below. # 2- Zona Pacífico (Pacific Zone): Longitude 105 W, includes the # states of Baja California Sur; Chihuahua; Nayarit (excluding Bahía # de Banderas which lies in Central Zone); Sinaloa and Sonora. # 3- Zona Noroeste (Northwest Zone): Longitude 120 W, includes the # state of Baja California. # 4- Zona Sureste (Southeast Zone): Longitude 75 W, includes the state # of Quintana Roo. # 5- The islands, reefs and keys shall take their timezone from the # longitude they are located at. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S Rule Mexico 1940 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D Rule Mexico 1941 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 W # War Rule Mexico 1944 only - May 1 0:00 0 S Rule Mexico 1950 only - Feb 12 0:00 1:00 D Rule Mexico 1950 only - Jul 30 0:00 0 S Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Mexico 2001 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Mexico 2001 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Mexico 2002 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Mexico 2002 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56 -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23 -5:00 Mexico E%sT 1998 Aug 2 2:00 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2015 Feb 1 2:00 -5:00 - EST # Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida Zone America/Merida -5:58:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:01:32 -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23 -5:00 - EST 1982 Dec 2 -6:00 Mexico C%sT # Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border) # This includes the following municipalities: # in Coahuila: Ocampo, Acuña, Zaragoza, Jiménez, Piedras Negras, Nava, # Guerrero, Hidalgo. # in Nuevo León: Anáhuac, Los Aldama. # in Tamaulipas: Nuevo Laredo, Guerrero, Mier, Miguel Alemán, Camargo, # Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Reynosa, Río Bravo, Valle Hermoso, Matamoros. # See: Inicia mañana Horario de Verano en zona fronteriza, El Universal, # 2016-03-12 # http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/estados/2016/03/12/inicia-manana-horario-de-verano-en-zona-fronteriza Zone America/Matamoros -6:40:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:20:00 -6:00 - CST 1988 -6:00 US C%sT 1989 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2010 -6:00 US C%sT # Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border) Zone America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:18:44 -6:00 - CST 1988 -6:00 US C%sT 1989 -6:00 Mexico C%sT # Central Mexico Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2001 Sep 30 2:00 -6:00 - CST 2002 Feb 20 -6:00 Mexico C%sT # Chihuahua (near US border) # This includes the municipalities of Janos, Ascensión, Juárez, Guadalupe, # Práxedis G Guerrero, Coyame del Sotol, Ojinaga, and Manuel Benavides. # (See the 2016-03-12 El Universal source mentioned above.) Zone America/Ojinaga -6:57:40 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:02:20 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1 -6:00 - CST 1996 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010 -7:00 US M%sT # Chihuahua (away from US border) Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:40 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1 -6:00 - CST 1996 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00 -7:00 Mexico M%sT # Sonora Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:36:08 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 -8:00 - PST 1970 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1999 -7:00 - MST # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21): # According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit) # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco). # # (Spanish) # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del # país, a partir de este domingo # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748 # # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del # País # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50 # # (English) # Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html # # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that # will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time # zone ..." # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01): # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters. # Mazatlán Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 -8:00 - PST 1970 -7:00 Mexico M%sT # Bahía de Banderas Zone America/Bahia_Banderas -7:01:00 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:59:00 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 -8:00 - PST 1970 -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2010 Apr 4 2:00 -6:00 Mexico C%sT # Baja California Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56 -7:00 - MST 1924 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15 -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24 -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u -8:00 1:00 PPT 1945 Nov 12 # Peace -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5 -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14 -8:00 - PST 1954 -8:00 CA P%sT 1961 -8:00 - PST 1976 -8:00 US P%sT 1996 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001 -8:00 US P%sT 2002 Feb 20 -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2010 -8:00 US P%sT # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976 # through 1995. This was as per Shanks (1999). But Shanks & Pottenger say # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975. Guy Harris reports # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then. This concerns # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its # name or contents should be. # # From Paul Eggert (2015-10-08): # Formerly there was an America/Santa_Isabel zone, but this appears to # have come from a misreading of # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010 # It has been moved to the 'backward' file. # # # Revillagigedo Is # no information ############################################################################### # Anguilla # Antigua and Barbuda # See America/Port_of_Spain. # Bahamas # # For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that. # # From P Chan (2020-11-27, corrected on 2020-12-02): # There were two periods of DST observed in 1942-1945: 1942-05-01 # midnight to 1944-12-31 midnight and 1945-02-01 to 1945-10-17 midnight. # "midnight" should mean 24:00 from the context. # # War Time Order 1942 [1942-05-01] and War Time (No. 2) Order 1942 [1942-09-29] # Appendix to the Statutes of 7 George VI. and the Year 1942. p 34, 43 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA34 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA43 # # War Time Order 1943 [1943-03-31] and War Time Order 1944 [1943-12-29] # Appendix to the Statutes of 8 George VI. and the Year 1943. p 9-10, 28-29 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA9 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA28 # # War Time Order 1945 [1945-01-31] and the Order which revoke War Time Order # 1945 [1945-10-16] Appendix to the Statutes of 9 George VI. and the Year # 1945. p 160, 247-248 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA160 # https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA247 # # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07): # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007.... # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Bahamas 1942 only - May 1 24:00 1:00 W Rule Bahamas 1944 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 S Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Feb 1 0:00 1:00 W Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Oct 17 24:00 0 S Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976 -5:00 US E%sT # Barbados # For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown -3:58:29 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time -4:00 Barb A%sT # Belize # From P Chan (2020-11-03): # Below are some laws related to the time in British Honduras/Belize: # # Definition of Time Ordinance, 1927 (No.4 of 1927) [1927-04-01] # Ordinances of British Honduras Passed in the Year 1927, p 19-20 # https://books.google.com/books?id=LqEpAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA3-PA19 # # Definition of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1942 (No. 5 of 1942) [1942-06-27] # Ordinances of British Honduras Passed in the Year 1942, p 31-32 # https://books.google.com/books?id=h6MpAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA6-PA95-IA44 # # Definition of Time Ordinance, 1945 (No. 19 of 1945) [1945-12-15] # Ordinances of British Honduras Passed in the Year 1945, p 49-50 # https://books.google.com/books?id=xaMpAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PP1 # # Definition of Time Ordinance, 1947 (No. 1 of 1947) [1947-03-11] # Ordinances of British Honduras Passed in the Year 1947, p 1-2 # https://books.google.com/books?id=xaMpAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA3-PA1 # # Time (Definition of) Ordinance (Chapter 180) # The Laws of British Honduras in Force on the 15th Day of September, 1958 , Volume IV, p 2580 # https://books.google.com/books?id=v5QpAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA2580 # # Time (Definition of) (Amendment) Ordinance, 1968 (No. 13 of 1968) [1968-08-03] # https://books.google.com/books?id=xij7KEB_58wC&pg=RA1-PA428-IA9 # # Definition of Time Act (Chapter 339) # Law of Belize, Revised Edition 2000 # http://www.belizelaw.org/web/lawadmin/PDF%20files/cap339.pdf # From Paul Eggert (2020-11-03): # The transitions below are derived from P Chan's sources, except that the # 1973 through 1983 transitions are from Shanks & Pottenger since we have # no better data there. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Belize 1918 1941 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00 0:30 -0530 Rule Belize 1919 1942 - Feb Sat>=8 24:00 0 CST Rule Belize 1942 only - Jun 27 24:00 1:00 CWT Rule Belize 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 CPT Rule Belize 1945 only - Dec 15 24:00 0 CST Rule Belize 1947 1967 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00 0:30 -0530 Rule Belize 1948 1968 - Feb Sat>=8 24:00 0 CST Rule Belize 1973 only - Dec 5 0:00 1:00 CDT Rule Belize 1974 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 CST Rule Belize 1982 only - Dec 18 0:00 1:00 CDT Rule Belize 1983 only - Feb 12 0:00 0 CST # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr 1 -6:00 Belize %s # Bermuda # From Paul Eggert (2020-11-24): # For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower, # Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I. This agrees with standard offset given in the # Daylight Saving Act, 1917 cited below. Round that to the nearest second. # It is not known when this time became standard for Bermuda; guess 1890. # The transition to -04 was specified by: # 1930: The Time Zone Act, 1929 (1929: No. 39) [1929-11-08] # https://books.google.com/books?id=7tdMAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA54-PP1 # From P Chan (2020-11-20): # Most of the information can be found online from the Bermuda National # Library - Digital Collection which includes The Royal Gazette (RG) until 1957 # https://bnl.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/ # I will cite the ID. For example, [10000] means # https://bnl.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/BermudaNP02/id/10000 # # 1917: Apr 5 midnight to Sep 30 midnight # Daylight Saving Act, 1917 (1917 No. 13) [1917-04-02] # Bermuda Acts and Resolves 1917, p 37-38 # https://books.google.com/books?id=M-lCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA36-IA2 # RG, 1917-04-04, p 6 [42340] gives the spring forward date. # # 1918: Apr 13 midnight to Sep 15 midnight # Daylight Saving Act, 1918 (1918 No. 9) [1918-04-06] # Bermuda Acts and Resolves 1917, p 13 # https://books.google.com/books?id=K-lCAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA7 # # Note that local mean time was still used before 1930. # # During WWII, DST was introduced by Defence Regulations # 1942: Jan 11 02:00 to Oct 18 02:00 [113646], [115726] # 1943: Mar 21 02:00 to Oct 31 02:00 [116704], [118193] # 1944: Mar 12 02:00 to Nov 5 02:00 [119225], [121593] # 1945: Mar 11 02:00 to Nov 4 02:00 [122369], [124461] # RG, 1942-01-08, p 2, 1942-10-12, p 2 , 1943-03-06, p 2, 1943-09-03, p 1, # 1944-02-29, p 6, 1944-09-20, p 2, 1945-02-13, p 2, 1945-11-03, p 1 # # In 1946, the House of Assembly rejected DST twice. [128686], [128076] # RG, 1946-03-16 p 1,1946-04-13 p 1 # # 1947: third Sunday in May 02:00 to second Sunday in September 02:00 # DST in 1947 was defined in the Daylight Saving Act, 1947 (1947: No. 12) # which expired at the end of the year. [125784] ,[132405], [144454], [138226] # RG, 1947-02-27, p 1, 1947-05-15, p 1, 1947-09-13, p 1, 1947-12-30, p 1 # # 1948-1952: fourth Sunday in May 02:00 to first Sunday in September 02:00 # DST in 1948 was defined in the Daylight Saving Act, 1948 (1948 : No. 12) # which was set to expired at the end of the year but it was extended until # the end of 1952 and was not further extended. # [129802], [139403], [146008], [135240], [144330], [139049], [143309], # [148271], [149773], [153589], [153802], [155924] # RG, 1948-04-13, p 1, 1948-05-22, p 1, 1948-09-04, p 1, 1949-05-21, p1, # 1949-09-03, p 1, 1950-05-27 p 1, 1950-09-02, p 1, 1951-05-27, p 1, # 1951-09-01, p 1, 1952-05-23, p 1, 1952-09-26, p 1, 1952-12-21, p 8 # # In 1953-1955, the House of Assembly rejected DST each year. [158996], # [162620], [166720] RG, 1953-05-02, p 1, 1954-04-01 p 1, 1955-03-12, p 1 # # 1956: fourth Sunday in May 02:00 to last Sunday in October 02:00 # Time Zone (Seasonal Variation) Act, 1956 (1956: No.44) [1956-05-25] # Bermuda Public Acts 1956, p 331-332 # https://books.google.com/books?id=Xs1AlmD_cEwC&pg=PA63 # # The extension of the Act was rejected by the House of Assembly. [176218] # RG, 1956-12-13, p 1 # # From the Chronological Table of Public and Private Acts up to 1985, it seems # that there does not exist other Acts related to DST before 1973. # https://books.google.com/books?id=r9hMAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA23-PA1 # Public Acts of the Legislature of the Islands of Bermuda, Together with # Statutory Instruments in Force Thereunder, Vol VII # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26): # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday # in March, until the first Sunday in November. And, after the Time Zone # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda. # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135 # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Bermuda 1917 only - Apr 5 24:00 1:00 - Rule Bermuda 1917 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 - Rule Bermuda 1918 only - Apr 13 24:00 1:00 - Rule Bermuda 1918 only - Sep 15 24:00 0 S Rule Bermuda 1942 only - Jan 11 2:00 1:00 D Rule Bermuda 1942 only - Oct 18 2:00 0 S Rule Bermuda 1943 only - Mar 21 2:00 1:00 D Rule Bermuda 1943 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S Rule Bermuda 1944 1945 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D Rule Bermuda 1944 1945 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S Rule Bermuda 1947 only - May Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D Rule Bermuda 1947 only - Sep Sun>=8 2:00 0 S Rule Bermuda 1948 1952 - May Sun>=22 2:00 1:00 D Rule Bermuda 1948 1952 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S Rule Bermuda 1956 only - May Sun>=22 2:00 1:00 D Rule Bermuda 1956 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1890 # Hamilton -4:19:18 Bermuda BMT/BST 1930 Jan 1 2:00 -4:00 Bermuda A%sT 1974 Apr 28 2:00 -4:00 Canada A%sT 1976 -4:00 US A%sT # Cayman Is # See America/Panama. # Costa Rica # Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S Rule CR 1991 1992 - Jan Sat>=15 0:00 1:00 D # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00; # go with Shanks & Pottenger. Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S # There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 - LMT 1890 # San José -5:36:13 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time -6:00 CR C%sT # Coco # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica # Cuba # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): # Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57 # for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations. # For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger. # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29): # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC. # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving # Time today." (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of # sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched # to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.) # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11): # DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the # years before. The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ... # https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28): # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year. # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)". # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure. # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12): # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone # adjustment in Cuba. We will stay in daylight saving time: # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21): # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00, # watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning # to the normal schedule.... # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02): # , dated yesterday, # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10. # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules, # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual. # # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25): # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006. # # He supplied these references: # # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm # # From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25): # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba): # # Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html # # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09): # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj # a Cuban information station, and heard # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"), # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time. # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12): # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16... # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish): # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm # # Some more background information is posted here: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html # # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963, # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to # change some historic records as well. # # One example: # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13): # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative # web site, the Granma. Please check out # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html # # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday. # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12): # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward. # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04) # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009- # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought. # # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html # (in Spanish) # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09) # I listened over the Internet to # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the # the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward. # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08): # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00 # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has # changed at all). # # Source: # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html # # Our info: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html # # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30) # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00. # # One source (Spanish) # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html # # Our page: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html # # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01) # According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March # 31 and April 1. # # Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish): # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril # # Our info on it: # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03): # Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back # to standard time on 2012-11-04: # http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03): # For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Cuba 1928 only - Jun 10 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1928 only - Oct 10 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1940 1942 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1945 1946 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1965 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1965 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1966 only - May 29 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1966 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1967 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1967 1968 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1968 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1969 1977 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1969 1971 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1972 1974 - Oct 8 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1975 1977 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1978 only - May 7 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1978 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1990 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00s 0 S Rule Cuba 1997 only - Oct 12 0:00s 0 S Rule Cuba 1998 1999 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1998 2003 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S Rule Cuba 2000 2003 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D Rule Cuba 2004 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D Rule Cuba 2006 2010 - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S Rule Cuba 2007 only - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D Rule Cuba 2008 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D Rule Cuba 2009 2010 - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D Rule Cuba 2011 only - Mar Sun>=15 0:00s 1:00 D Rule Cuba 2011 only - Nov 13 0:00s 0 S Rule Cuba 2012 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 D Rule Cuba 2012 max - Nov Sun>=1 0:00s 0 S Rule Cuba 2013 max - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890 -5:29:36 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT -5:00 Cuba C%sT # Dominica # See America/Port_of_Spain. # Dominican Republic # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30): # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am.... # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST. # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday, # November 28, 2000, with a new decree. On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future. The reason they # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going # to implement DST. When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president # decided to revert. # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule DR 1966 only - Oct 30 0:00 1:00 EDT Rule DR 1967 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 EST Rule DR 1969 1973 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 -0430 Rule DR 1970 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 EST Rule DR 1971 only - Jan 20 0:00 0 EST Rule DR 1972 1974 - Jan 21 0:00 0 EST # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890 -4:40 - SDMT 1933 Apr 1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT -5:00 DR %s 1974 Oct 27 -4:00 - AST 2000 Oct 29 2:00 -5:00 US E%sT 2000 Dec 3 1:00 -4:00 - AST # El Salvador # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Salv 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Salv 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador # instead of America/San_Salvador. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador -6:00 Salv C%sT # Grenada # Guadeloupe # St Barthélemy # St Martin (French part) # See America/Port_of_Spain. # Guatemala # # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen: # Diario Co Latino, at # , # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the # impact of the elevated cost of oil.... Daylight saving time will last from # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified). # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22): # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00. See # http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Guat 1973 only - Nov 25 0:00 1:00 D Rule Guat 1974 only - Feb 24 0:00 0 S Rule Guat 1983 only - May 21 0:00 1:00 D Rule Guat 1983 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S Rule Guat 1991 only - Mar 23 0:00 1:00 D Rule Guat 1991 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S Rule Guat 2006 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D Rule Guat 2006 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5 -6:00 Guat C%sT # Haiti # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15): # Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST. # I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31), # . Translated from French, it says: # # "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general # and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior # Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the # provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next # Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd. # # "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform # the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour # starting at midnight. This provision will hold until the last Saturday in # October 2005. # # "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005" # # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04): # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year). # # I have found this article about it (in French): # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612 # # The reason seems to be an energy crisis. # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22): # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007. # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11): # According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year, # apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada. # So this means they have already changed their time. # # http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510 # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253 # # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11): # The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to # 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight. # Assume a US-style fall back as well. # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10): # It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules # as US/Canada. They did it last year as well, and it looks like they # are going to observe DST every year now... # # http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/ # http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-12): # Jean Antoine, editor of www.haiti-reference.com informed us that Haiti # are not going on DST this year. Several other resources confirm this: ... # https://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/presse/heure_d_t_pas_de_changement_d_heure_pr_vu_pour_cet_ann_e.html # https://www.vantbefinfo.com/changement-dheure-pas-pour-haiti/ # http://news.anmwe.com/haiti-lheure-nationale-ne-sera-ni-avancee-ni-reculee-cette-annee/ # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-03-12): # We have received 4 mails from different people telling that Haiti # has started DST again today, and this source seems to confirm that, # I have not been able to find a more authoritative source: # https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-20319-haiti-notices-time-change-in-haiti.html # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s. # Go with IATA. Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S Rule Haiti 2012 2015 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D Rule Haiti 2012 2015 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S Rule Haiti 2017 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D Rule Haiti 2017 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890 -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT -5:00 Haiti E%sT # Honduras # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1. # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05): # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4 # months until September. La Tribuna reported today # that Manuel Zelaya, the president # of Honduras, refused to back down on this. # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08): # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration). # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08): # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08). # http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006. # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not # published, I have located this authoritative source: # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30): # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386 # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year.... # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Hond 1987 1988 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Hond 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S Rule Hond 2006 only - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Hond 2006 only - Aug Mon>=1 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr -6:00 Hond C%sT # # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972 # Jamaica # Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an # unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the # island". Go with Milne. Round to the nearest second as required by zic. # # Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but # Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5. # Assume Neita meant Jan 6 02:00, the same as the US. Neita also writes that # Manley's supporters associated this act with Manley's nickname "Joshua" # (recall that in the Bible the sun stood still at Joshua's request), # and with the Rod of Correction which Manley said he had received from # Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia. See: # Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20 # http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647 # # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:10 - LMT 1890 # Kingston -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time -5:00 - EST 1974 -5:00 US E%sT 1984 -5:00 - EST # Martinique # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France -4:04:20 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT -4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6 -4:00 1:00 ADT 1980 Sep 28 -4:00 - AST # Montserrat # See America/Port_of_Spain. # Nicaragua # # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005. # # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12): # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of # expensive petroleum. The exact end date for DST is not yet # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September". # Some background information is available on the President's official site: # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here: # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf # # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01): # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's # assume that it is daylight saving.... # # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21): # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000 # during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."... # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously # since December 1998. I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time # changes in 2000. Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000. # # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02): # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time). # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm # (2005-09-26) # # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05): # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410 # (my informal translation) # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the # morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September. # # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30): # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf # My informal translation runs: # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006. # # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S Rule Nic 2005 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D Rule Nic 2005 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S Rule Nic 2006 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D Rule Nic 2006 only - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890 -5:45:12 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time? -6:00 - CST 1973 May -5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16 -6:00 Nic C%sT 1992 Jan 1 4:00 -5:00 - EST 1992 Sep 24 -6:00 - CST 1993 -5:00 - EST 1997 -6:00 Nic C%sT # Panama # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890 -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time -5:00 - EST Link America/Panama America/Cayman # Puerto Rico # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan -4:00 - AST 1942 May 3 -4:00 US A%sT 1946 -4:00 - AST # St Kitts-Nevis # St Lucia # See America/Port_of_Spain. # St Pierre and Miquelon # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre -4:00 - AST 1980 May -3:00 - -03 1987 -3:00 Canada -03/-02 # St Vincent and the Grenadines # See America/Port_of_Spain. # Turks and Caicos # # From Chris Dunn in # https://bugs.debian.org/415007 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match # the recent U.S. change of dates. # # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28): # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26] # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct: # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time" # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed. # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19): # The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UT -04 year-round. See: # http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm # Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ... # From Chris Walton (2014-11-04): # ... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to # "permanent daylight saving time" by one year.... # http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm # # From the Turks & Caicos Cabinet (2017-07-20), heads-up from Steffen Thorsen: # ... agreed to the reintroduction in TCI of Daylight Saving Time (DST) # during the summer months and Standard Time, also known as Local # Time, during the winter months with effect from April 2018 ... # https://www.gov.uk/government/news/turks-and-caicos-post-cabinet-meeting-statement--3 # From Paul Eggert (2017-08-26): # The date of effect of the spring 2018 change appears to be March 11, # which makes more sense. See: Hamilton D. Time change back # by March 2018 for TCI. Magnetic Media. 2017-08-25. # http://magneticmediatv.com/2017/08/time-change-back-by-march-2018-for-tci/ # # From P Chan (2020-11-27): # Standard Time Declaration Order 2015 (L.N. 15/2015) # http://online.fliphtml5.com/fizd/czin/#p=2 # # Standard Time Declaration Order 2017 (L.N. 31/2017) # http://online.fliphtml5.com/fizd/dmcu/#p=2 # # From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05): # Although L.N. 31/2017 reads that it "shall come into operation at 2:00 a.m. # on 11th March 2018", a precise interpretation here poses some problems. The # order states that "the standard time to be observed throughout the Turks and # Caicos Islands shall be the same time zone as the Eastern United States of # America" and further clarifies "[f]or the avoidance of doubt" that it # "applies to the Eastern Standard Time as well as any changes thereto for # Daylight Saving Time." However, as clocks in Turks and Caicos approached # 02:00 -04, and thus the declared implementation time, it was still 01:00 EST # (-05), as DST in the Eastern US would not start until an hour later. # # Since it is unlikely that those on the islands switched their clocks twice in # the span of an hour, we assume instead that the adoption of EDT actually took # effect once clocks in the Eastern US had sprung forward, from 03:00 -04. # This discrepancy only affects the time zone abbreviation and DST flag for the # intervening hour, not wall clock times, as -04 was maintained throughout. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890 -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time -5:00 - EST 1979 -5:00 US E%sT 2015 Mar 8 2:00 -4:00 - AST 2018 Mar 11 3:00 -5:00 US E%sT # British Virgin Is # Virgin Is # See America/Port_of_Spain. # Local Variables: # coding: utf-8 # End: