diff --git a/libexec/ftpd/ftpd.8 b/libexec/ftpd/ftpd.8
index 0cd62899189c..868acac61699 100644
--- a/libexec/ftpd/ftpd.8
+++ b/libexec/ftpd/ftpd.8
@@ -1,582 +1,585 @@
 .\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1988, 1991, 1993
 .\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 .\"
 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 .\" are met:
 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 .\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 .\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 .\"    without specific prior written permission.
 .\"
 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
 .\"
 .\"     @(#)ftpd.8	8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
 .\" $FreeBSD$
 .\"
-.Dd January 21, 2010
+.Dd June 28, 2022
 .Dt FTPD 8
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
 .Nm ftpd
 .Nd Internet File Transfer Protocol server
 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .Nm
 .Op Fl 468ABDdEhMmOoRrSUvW
 .Op Fl l Op Fl l
 .Op Fl a Ar address
 .Op Fl P Ar port
 .Op Fl p Ar file
 .Op Fl T Ar maxtimeout
 .Op Fl t Ar timeout
 .Op Fl u Ar umask
 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 The
 .Nm
 utility is the
 Internet File Transfer Protocol
 server process.
 The server uses the
 .Tn TCP
 protocol
 and listens at the port specified with the
 .Fl P
 option or in the
 .Dq ftp
 service specification; see
 .Xr services 5 .
 .Pp
 Available options:
 .Bl -tag -width indent
 .It Fl 4
 When
 .Fl D
 is specified, accept connections via
 .Dv AF_INET
 socket.
 .It Fl 6
 When
 .Fl D
 is specified, accept connections via
 .Dv AF_INET6
 socket.
 .It Fl 8
 Enable transparent UTF-8 mode.
 RFC\ 2640 compliant clients will be told that the character encoding
 used by the server is UTF-8, which is the only effect of the option.
 .Pp
 This option does not enable any encoding conversion for server file names;
 it implies instead that the names of files on the server are encoded
 in UTF-8.
 As for files uploaded via FTP, it is the duty of the RFC\ 2640 compliant
 client to convert their names from the client's local encoding to UTF-8.
 FTP command names and own
 .Nm
 messages are always encoded in ASCII, which is a subset of UTF-8.
 Hence no need for server-side conversion at all.
 .It Fl A
 Allow only anonymous ftp access.
 .It Fl a
 When
 .Fl D
 is specified, accept connections only on the specified
 .Ar address .
 .It Fl B
 With this option set,
 .Nm
 sends authentication success and failure messages to the
 .Xr blacklistd 8
 daemon.  If this option is not specified, no communcation with the
 .Xr blacklistd 8
 daemon is attempted.
 .It Fl D
 With this option set,
 .Nm
 will detach and become a daemon, accepting connections on the FTP port and
 forking children processes to handle them.
 This is lower overhead than starting
 .Nm
 from
 .Xr inetd 8
 and is thus useful on busy servers to reduce load.
 .It Fl d
 Debugging information is written to the syslog using
 .Dv LOG_FTP .
 .It Fl E
 Disable the EPSV command.
 This is useful for servers behind older firewalls.
 .It Fl h
 Disable printing host-specific information, such as the
 server software version or hostname, in server messages.
 .It Fl l
 Each successful and failed
 .Xr ftp 1
 session is logged using syslog with a facility of
 .Dv LOG_FTP .
 If this option is specified twice, the retrieve (get), store (put), append,
 delete, make directory, remove directory and rename operations and
 their filename arguments are also logged.
 By default,
 .Xr syslogd 8
 logs these to
 .Pa /var/log/xferlog .
 .It Fl M
 Prevent anonymous users from creating directories.
 .It Fl m
 Permit anonymous users to overwrite or modify
 existing files if allowed by file system permissions.
 By default, anonymous users cannot modify existing files;
 in particular, files to upload will be created under a unique name.
 .It Fl O
 Put server in write-only mode for anonymous users only.
 RETR is disabled for anonymous users, preventing anonymous downloads.
 This has no effect if
 .Fl o
 is also specified.
 .It Fl o
 Put server in write-only mode.
 RETR is disabled, preventing downloads.
 .It Fl P
 When
 .Fl D
 is specified, accept connections at
 .Ar port ,
 specified as a numeric value or service name, instead of at the default
 .Dq ftp
 port.
 .It Fl p
 When
 .Fl D
 is specified, write the daemon's process ID to
 .Ar file
 instead of the default pid file,
 .Pa /var/run/ftpd.pid .
 .It Fl R
 With this option set,
 .Nm
 will revert to historical behavior with regard to security checks on
 user operations and restrictions on PORT requests.
 Currently,
 .Nm
 will only honor PORT commands directed to unprivileged ports on the
 remote user's host (which violates the FTP protocol specification but
 closes some security holes).
 .It Fl r
 Put server in read-only mode.
 All commands which may modify the local file system are disabled.
 .It Fl S
 With this option set,
 .Nm
 logs all anonymous file downloads to the file
 .Pa /var/log/ftpd
 when this file exists.
 .It Fl T
 A client may also request a different timeout period;
 the maximum period allowed may be set to
 .Ar timeout
 seconds with the
 .Fl T
 option.
 The default limit is 2 hours.
 .It Fl t
 The inactivity timeout period is set to
 .Ar timeout
 seconds (the default is 15 minutes).
 .It Fl U
 This option instructs ftpd to use data ports in the range of
 .Dv IP_PORTRANGE_DEFAULT
 instead of in the range of
 .Dv IP_PORTRANGE_HIGH .
 Such a change may be useful for some specific firewall configurations;
 see
 .Xr ip 4
 for more information.
 .Pp
 Note that option is a virtual no-op in
 .Fx 5.0
 and above; both port
 ranges are identical by default.
 .It Fl u
 The default file creation mode mask is set to
 .Ar umask ,
 which is expected to be an octal numeric value.
 Refer to
 .Xr umask 2
 for details.
 This option may be overridden by
 .Xr login.conf 5 .
 .It Fl v
 A synonym for
 .Fl d .
 .It Fl W
 Do not log FTP sessions to the user accounting database.
 .El
 .Pp
 The file
 .Pa /var/run/nologin
 can be used to disable ftp access.
 If the file exists,
 .Nm
 displays it and exits.
 If the file
 .Pa /etc/ftpwelcome
 exists,
 .Nm
 prints it before issuing the
 .Dq ready
 message.
 If the file
 .Pa /etc/ftpmotd
 exists,
 .Nm
 prints it after a successful login.
 Note the motd file used is the one
 relative to the login environment.
 This means the one in
 .Pa ~ftp/etc
 in the anonymous user's case.
 .Pp
 The ftp server currently supports the following ftp requests.
 The case of the requests is ignored.
 Requests marked [RW] are
 disabled if
 .Fl r
 is specified.
 .Bl -column "Request" -offset indent
 .It Sy Request Ta Sy "Description"
 .It ABOR Ta "abort previous command"
 .It ACCT Ta "specify account (ignored)"
 .It ALLO Ta "allocate storage (vacuously)"
 .It APPE Ta "append to a file [RW]"
 .It CDUP Ta "change to parent of current working directory"
 .It CWD Ta "change working directory"
 .It DELE Ta "delete a file [RW]"
 .It EPRT Ta "specify data connection port, multiprotocol"
 .It EPSV Ta "prepare for server-to-server transfer, multiprotocol"
 .It FEAT Ta "give information on extended features of server"
 .It HELP Ta "give help information"
 .It LIST Ta "give list files in a directory" Pq Dq Li "ls -lgA"
 .It LPRT Ta "specify data connection port, multiprotocol"
 .It LPSV Ta "prepare for server-to-server transfer, multiprotocol"
 .It MDTM Ta "show last modification time of file"
 .It MKD Ta "make a directory [RW]"
 .It MODE Ta "specify data transfer" Em mode
 .It NLST Ta "give name list of files in directory"
 .It NOOP Ta "do nothing"
 .It PASS Ta "specify password"
 .It PASV Ta "prepare for server-to-server transfer"
 .It PORT Ta "specify data connection port"
 .It PWD Ta "print the current working directory"
 .It QUIT Ta "terminate session"
 .It REST Ta "restart incomplete transfer"
 .It RETR Ta "retrieve a file"
 .It RMD Ta "remove a directory [RW]"
 .It RNFR Ta "specify rename-from file name [RW]"
 .It RNTO Ta "specify rename-to file name [RW]"
 .It SITE Ta "non-standard commands (see next section)"
 .It SIZE Ta "return size of file"
 .It STAT Ta "return status of server"
 .It STOR Ta "store a file [RW]"
 .It STOU Ta "store a file with a unique name [RW]"
 .It STRU Ta "specify data transfer" Em structure
 .It SYST Ta "show operating system type of server system"
 .It TYPE Ta "specify data transfer" Em type
 .It USER Ta "specify user name"
 .It XCUP Ta "change to parent of current working directory (deprecated)"
 .It XCWD Ta "change working directory (deprecated)"
 .It XMKD Ta "make a directory (deprecated) [RW]"
 .It XPWD Ta "print the current working directory (deprecated)"
 .It XRMD Ta "remove a directory (deprecated) [RW]"
 .El
 .Pp
 The following non-standard or
 .Ux
 specific commands are supported
 by the
 SITE request.
 .Bl -column Request -offset indent
 .It Sy Request Ta Sy Description
 .It UMASK Ta change umask, e.g. ``SITE UMASK 002''
 .It IDLE Ta set idle-timer, e.g. ``SITE IDLE 60''
 .It CHMOD Ta "change mode of a file [RW], e.g. ``SITE CHMOD 755 filename''"
 .It MD5 Ta "report the files MD5 checksum, e.g. ``SITE MD5 filename''"
 .It HELP Ta give help information
 .El
 .Pp
 Note: SITE requests are disabled in case of anonymous logins.
 .Pp
 The remaining ftp requests specified in Internet RFC 959
 are
 recognized, but not implemented.
 MDTM and SIZE are not specified in RFC 959, but will appear in the
 next updated FTP RFC.
 To avoid possible denial-of-service attacks, SIZE requests against
 files larger than 10240 bytes will be denied if the current transfer
 type is ASCII.
 .Pp
 The ftp server will abort an active file transfer only when the
 ABOR
 command is preceded by a Telnet "Interrupt Process" (IP)
 signal and a Telnet "Synch" signal in the command Telnet stream,
 as described in Internet RFC 959.
 If a
 STAT
 command is received during a data transfer, preceded by a Telnet IP
 and Synch, transfer status will be returned.
 .Pp
 The
 .Nm
 utility interprets file names according to the
 .Dq globbing
 conventions used by
 .Xr csh 1 .
 This allows users to utilize the metacharacters
 .Dq Li \&*?[]{}~ .
 .Pp
 The
 .Nm
 utility authenticates users according to six rules.
 .Bl -enum -offset indent
 .It
 The login name must be in the password data base
 and not have a null password.
 In this case a password must be provided by the client before any
 file operations may be performed.
 If the user has an OPIE key, the response from a successful USER
 command will include an OPIE challenge.
 The client may choose to respond with a PASS command giving either
 a standard password or an OPIE one-time password.
 The server will automatically determine which type of
 password it has been given and attempt to authenticate accordingly.
 See
 .Xr opie 4
 for more information on OPIE authentication.
 .It
 The login name must not appear in the file
 .Pa /etc/ftpusers .
 .It
 The login name must not be a member of a group specified in the file
 .Pa /etc/ftpusers .
 Entries in this file interpreted as group names are prefixed by an "at"
 .Ql \&@
 sign.
 .It
 The user must have a standard shell returned by
 .Xr getusershell 3 .
 .It
 If the user name appears in the file
 .Pa /etc/ftpchroot ,
 or the user is a member of a group with a group entry in this file,
 i.e., one prefixed with
 .Ql \&@ ,
 the session's root will be changed to the directory specified
 in this file or to the user's login directory by
 .Xr chroot 2
 as for an
 .Dq anonymous
 or
 .Dq ftp
 account (see next item).
 See
 .Xr ftpchroot 5
 for a detailed description of the format of this file.
 This facility may also be triggered by enabling the boolean "ftp-chroot"
 capability in
 .Xr login.conf 5 .
 However, the user must still supply a password.
 This feature is intended as a compromise between a fully anonymous
 account and a fully privileged account.
 The account should also be set up as for an anonymous account.
 .It
 If the user name is
 .Dq anonymous
 or
 .Dq ftp ,
 an
 anonymous ftp account must be present in the password
 file (user
 .Dq ftp ) .
 In this case the user is allowed
 to log in by specifying any password (by convention an email address for
 the user should be used as the password).
 When the
 .Fl S
 option is set, all transfers are logged as well.
 .El
 .Pp
 In the last case,
 .Nm
 takes special measures to restrict the client's access privileges.
 The server performs a
 .Xr chroot 2
 to the home directory of the
 .Dq ftp
 user.
 As a special case if the
 .Dq ftp
 user's home directory pathname contains the
 .Pa /./
 separator,
 .Nm
 uses its left-hand side as the name of the directory to do
 .Xr chroot 2
 to, and its right-hand side to change the current directory to afterwards.
 A typical example for this case would be
-.Pa /usr/local/ftp/./pub .
+.Pa /var/spool/ftp/./pub .
 In order that system security is not breached, it is recommended
 that the
 .Dq ftp
 subtree be constructed with care, following these rules:
 .Bl -tag -width "~ftp/pub" -offset indent
 .It Pa ~ftp
 Make the home directory owned by
 .Dq root
 and unwritable by anyone.
 .It Pa ~ftp/etc
 Make this directory owned by
 .Dq root
 and unwritable by anyone (mode 555).
 The files pwd.db (see
 .Xr passwd 5 )
 and
 .Xr group 5
 must be present for the
 .Xr ls 1
 command to be able to produce owner names rather than numbers.
 The password field in
 .Xr passwd 5
 is not used, and should not contain real passwords.
 The file
 .Pa ftpmotd ,
 if present, will be printed after a successful login.
 These files should be mode 444.
 .It Pa ~ftp/pub
 This directory and the subdirectories beneath it should be owned
 by the users and groups responsible for placing files in them,
 and be writable only by them (mode 755 or 775).
 They should
 .Em not
 be owned or writable by
 .Dq ftp
 or its group, otherwise guest users
 can fill the drive with unwanted files.
 .El
 .Pp
 If the system has multiple IP addresses,
 .Nm
 supports the idea of virtual hosts, which provides the ability to
 define multiple anonymous ftp areas, each one allocated to a different
 internet address.
 The file
 .Pa /etc/ftphosts
 contains information pertaining to each of the virtual hosts.
 Each host is defined on its own line which contains a number of
 fields separated by whitespace:
 .Bl -tag -offset indent -width hostname
 .It hostname
 Contains the hostname or IP address of the virtual host.
 .It user
 Contains a user record in the system password file.
 As with normal anonymous ftp, this user's access uid, gid and group
 memberships determine file access to the anonymous ftp area.
 The anonymous ftp area (to which any user is chrooted on login)
 is determined by the home directory defined for the account.
 User id and group for any ftp account may be the same as for the
 standard ftp user.
 .It statfile
 File to which all file transfers are logged, which
 defaults to
 .Pa /var/log/ftpd .
 .It welcome
 This file is the welcome message displayed before the server ready
 prompt.
 It defaults to
 .Pa /etc/ftpwelcome .
 .It motd
 This file is displayed after the user logs in.
 It defaults to
 .Pa /etc/ftpmotd .
 .El
 .Pp
 Lines beginning with a '#' are ignored and can be used to include
 comments.
 .Pp
 Defining a virtual host for the primary IP address or hostname
 changes the default for ftp logins to that address.
 The 'user', 'statfile', 'welcome' and 'motd' fields may be left
 blank, or a single hyphen '-' used to indicate that the default
 value is to be used.
 .Pp
 As with any anonymous login configuration, due care must be given
 to setup and maintenance to guard against security related problems.
 .Pp
 The
 .Nm
 utility has internal support for handling remote requests to list
 files, and will not execute
 .Pa /bin/ls
 in either a chrooted or non-chrooted environment.
 The
 .Pa ~/bin/ls
 executable need not be placed into the chrooted tree, nor need the
 .Pa ~/bin
 directory exist.
 .Sh FILES
 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /var/run/ftpd.pid" -compact
 .It Pa /etc/ftpusers
 List of unwelcome/restricted users.
 .It Pa /etc/ftpchroot
 List of normal users who should be chroot'd.
 .It Pa /etc/ftphosts
 Virtual hosting configuration file.
 .It Pa /etc/ftpwelcome
 Welcome notice.
 .It Pa /etc/ftpmotd
 Welcome notice after login.
 .It Pa /var/run/ftpd.pid
 Default pid file for daemon mode.
 .It Pa /var/run/nologin
 Displayed and access refused.
 .It Pa /var/log/ftpd
 Log file for anonymous transfers.
 .It Pa /var/log/xferlog
 Default place for session logs.
+.It Pa /var/spool/ftp
+Recommended directory for the FTP root directory
+(the home directory of the ftp user).
 .El
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr ftp 1 ,
 .Xr umask 2 ,
 .Xr getusershell 3 ,
 .Xr opie 4 ,
 .Xr ftpchroot 5 ,
 .Xr login.conf 5 ,
 .Xr inetd 8 ,
 .Xr syslogd 8
 .Sh HISTORY
 The
 .Nm
 utility appeared in
 .Bx 4.2 .
 IPv6 support was added in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 stack kit.
 .Sh BUGS
 The server must run as the super-user
 to create sockets with privileged port numbers.
 It maintains
 an effective user id of the logged in user, reverting to
 the super-user only when binding addresses to sockets.
 The
 possible security holes have been extensively
 scrutinized, but are possibly incomplete.
diff --git a/share/man/man7/hier.7 b/share/man/man7/hier.7
index 93a7a86ec761..0696033878ff 100644
--- a/share/man/man7/hier.7
+++ b/share/man/man7/hier.7
@@ -1,937 +1,939 @@
 .\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
 .\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 .\"
 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 .\" are met:
 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 .\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 .\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 .\"    without specific prior written permission.
 .\"
 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
 .\"
 .\"	@(#)hier.7	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
 .\" $FreeBSD$
 .\"
 .Dd June 28, 2022
 .Dt HIER 7
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
 .Nm hier
 .Nd layout of file systems
 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 A sketch of the file system hierarchy.
 .Bl -tag -width "/libexec/"
 .It Pa /
 root directory of the file system
 .It Pa /bin/
 user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
 .It Pa /boot/
 programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width "defaults/" -compact
 .It Pa defaults/
 default bootstrapping configuration files; see
 .Xr loader.conf 5
 .It Pa dtb/
 Compiled flattened device tree (FDT) files; see
 .Xr fdt 4
 and
 .Xr dtc 1
 .It Pa efi/
 Mount point for EFI System Partition (ESP) on UEFI systems
 .It Pa firmware/
 loadable kernel modules containing binary firmware for hardware that needs
 firmware downloaded to it to function
 .It Pa kernel/
 pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
 at boot time) and kernel modules
 .It Pa modules/
 third-party loadable kernel modules, such as the ones installed from
 .Xr ports 7
 .It Pa overlays/
 Compiled flattened device tree (FDT) overlays; see
 .Xr fdt 4
 and
 .Xr dtc 1
 .It Pa zfs/
 .Xr zfs 8
 zpool cache files
 .El
 .It Pa /cdrom/
 default mount point for CD-ROM drives
 .It Pa /compat/
 normally a link to
 .Pa /usr/compat .
 If not, then the
 .Pa /usr/compat
 comments apply
 .It Pa /dev/
 device special files managed by
 .Xr devfs 5
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width "defaults/" -compact
 .It Pa fd/
 file descriptor files;
 see
 .Xr \&fd 4
 .El
 .It Pa /etc/
 system configuration files and scripts
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width "defaults/" -compact
 .It Pa defaults/
 default system configuration files;
 see
 .Xr rc 8
 .It Pa bluetooth/
 bluetooth configuration files
 .It Pa localtime
 local timezone information;
 see
 .Xr ctime 3
 .It Pa mail/
 Sendmail control files
 .It Pa mtree/
 mtree configuration files;
 see
 .Xr mtree 8
 .It Pa pam.d/
 configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
 library
 .It Pa periodic/
 scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
 .Xr cron 8 ;
 see
 .Xr periodic 8
 .It Pa rc.d/
 system and daemon startup/control scripts;
 see
 .Xr rc 8
 .It Pa security/
 OpenBSM audit configuration files;
 see
 .Xr audit 8
 .It Pa ppp/
 ppp configuration files;
 see
 .Xr ppp 8
 .It Pa ssh/
 OpenSSH configuration files;
 see
 .Xr ssh 1
 .It Pa ssl/
 OpenSSL configuration files
 .El
 .It Pa /lib/
 critical system libraries needed for binaries in
 .Pa /bin
 and
 .Pa /sbin
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width "defaults/" -compact
 .It Pa casper/
 service-specific
 .Xr libcasper 3
 Capsicum support libraries
 .It Pa geom/
 class-specific libraries for the
 .Xr geom 8
 utility
 .It Pa nvmecontrol/
 vendor-specific libraries to extend the
 .Xr nvmecontrol 8
 utility
 .El
 .It Pa /libexec/
 critical system utilities needed for binaries in
 .Pa /bin
 and
 .Pa /sbin
 .It Pa /media/
 contains subdirectories to be used as mount points
 for removable media such as CDs, USB drives, and
 floppy disks
 .It Pa /mnt/
 empty directory commonly used by
 system administrators as a temporary mount point
 .It Pa /net/
 automounted NFS shares;
 see
 .Xr auto_master 5
 .It Pa /proc/
 process file system;
 see
 .Xr procfs 5
 .It Pa /rescue/
 statically linked programs for emergency recovery;
 see
 .Xr rescue 8
 .It Pa /root/
 root's HOME directory
 .It Pa /sbin/
 system programs and administration utilities
 fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
 .It Pa /tmp/
 temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
 .It Pa /usr/
 contains the majority of user utilities and applications
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width "freebsd-dist/" -compact
 .It Pa bin/
 common utilities, programming tools, and applications
 .It Pa compat/
 files needed to support binary compatibility with other operating systems;
 see
 .Xr linux 4
 .It Pa freebsd-dist/
 distribution files
 .Pq like base.txz ;
 see
 .Xr release 7
 and
 .Xr bsdinstall 8
 .It Pa include/
 standard C include files
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width "kerberos5/" -compact
 .It Pa arpa/
 C include files for Internet service protocols
 .It Pa bsnmp/
 C include files for the SNMP daemon
 .It Pa c++/
 C++ include files
 .It Pa cam/
 C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
 .Bl -tag -width "kerberos5/" -compact
 .It Pa scsi/
 SCSI device on top of CAM
 .El
 .It Pa dev/
 C include files for programming various
 .Fx
 devices
 .Bl -tag -width "kerberos5/" -compact
 .It Pa ic/
 various header files describing driver- and bus-independent
 hardware circuits
 .It Pa ofw/
 Open Firmware support
 .It Pa pbio/
 8255 PPI cards;
 see
 .Xr pbio 4
 .It Pa ppbus/
 parallel port bus;
 see
 .Xr ppbus 4
 .It Pa usb/
 USB subsystem
 .El
 .It Pa fs/
 .Bl -tag -width "kerberos5/" -compact
 .It Pa fdescfs/
 per-process file descriptors file system
 .It Pa msdosfs/
 MS-DOS file system
 .It Pa nfs/
 C include files for NFS (Network File System) version 2, 3 and 4
 .It Pa nullfs/
 loopback file system
 .It Pa procfs/
 process file system
 .It Pa smbfs/
 SMB/CIFS file system
 .It Pa udf/
 UDF file system
 .It Pa unionfs
 union file system
 .El
 .It Pa geom/
 GEOM framework
 .Bl -tag -width "kerberos5/" -compact
 .It Pa concat/
 CONCAT GEOM class
 .It Pa gate/
 GATE GEOM class
 .It Pa mirror/
 MIRROR GEOM class
 .It Pa nop/
 NOP GEOM class
 .It Pa raid3/
 RAID3 GEOM class
 .It Pa stripe/
 STRIPE GEOM class
 .El
 .It Pa libmilter/
 C include files for libmilter,
 the
 .Xr sendmail 8
 mail filter API
 .It Pa machine/
 machine-specific C include files
 .It Pa net/
 miscellaneous network C include files
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa altq/
 C include files for alternate packet queueing; see
 .Xr altq 4
 .El
 .It Pa net80211/
 C include files for 802.11 wireless networking;
 see
 .Xr net80211 4
 .It Pa netinet/
 C include files for Internet standard protocols;
 see
 .Xr inet 4
 .It Pa netinet6/
 C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
 see
 .Xr inet6 4
 .It Pa netipsec/
 kernel key-management service;
 see
 .Xr ipsec 4
 .It Pa netsmb/
 SMB/CIFS requester
 .It Pa nfs/
 C include files for NFS (Network File System) version 2 and 3 (legacy)
 .It Pa openssl/
 OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
 .It Pa protocols/
 C include files for Berkeley service protocols
 .It Pa rpc/
 remote procedure calls;
 see
 .Xr rpc 3
 .It Pa rpcsvc/
 definition of RPC service structures; see
 .Xr rpc 3
 .It Pa security/
 PAM; see
 .Xr pam 8
 .It Pa sys/
 system C include files (kernel data structures)
 .\" .It Pa tcl/
 .\" Tcl language;
 .\" see
 .\" .Xr Tcl n
 .\" .Bl -tag -width "kerberos5/" -compact
 .\" .It Pa generic/
 .\" ???
 .\" .It Pa unix/
 .\" ???
 .\" .El
 .It Pa ufs/
 C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
 .Bl -tag -width "kerberos5/" -compact
 .It Pa ffs/
 Fast file system
 .It Pa ufs/
 UFS file system
 .El
 .It Pa vm/
 virtual memory;
 see
 .Xr vmstat 8
 .El
 .Pp
 .It Pa lib/
 shared and archive
 .Xr ar 1 Ns -type
 libraries
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa aout/
 a.out archive libraries
 .It Pa compat/
 shared libraries for compatibility
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa aout/
 a.out backward compatibility libraries
 .El
 .It Pa debug/
 standalone debug data for the kernel and base system libraries and binaries
 .It Pa dtrace/
 DTrace library scripts
 .It Pa engines/
 OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) dynamically loadable engines
 .El
 .Pp
 .It Pa libdata/
 miscellaneous utility data files
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa gcc/
 .Xr gcc 1
 configuration data
 .It Pa ldscripts/
 linker scripts;
 see
 .Xr ld 1
 .El
 .Pp
 .It Pa libexec/
 system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa aout/
 utilities to manipulate a.out executables
 .It Pa elf/
 utilities to manipulate ELF executables
 .It Pa lpr/
 utilities and filters for LP print system;
 see
 .Xr lpr 1
 .It Pa sendmail/
 the
 .Xr sendmail 8
 binary;
 see
 .Xr mailwrapper 8
 .It Pa sm.bin/
 restricted shell for
 .Xr sendmail 8 ;
 see
 .Xr smrsh 8
 .El
 .Pp
 .It Pa local/
 local executables, libraries, etc.
 Also used as the default destination for the
 .Xr ports 7
 framework.
 Within
 .Pa local/ ,
 the general layout sketched out by
 .Nm
 for
 .Pa /usr
 should be used.
 Exceptions are the
 ports documentation
 .Po in
 .Pa share/doc/<port>/ Ns Pc ,
 and
 .Pa /usr/local/etc
 .Po mimics
 .Pa /etc Ns Pc .
 .It Pa obj/
 architecture-specific target tree produced by building
 .Fx
 from source;
 see
 .Xr build 7
 .It Pa ports/
 .Fx
 ports collection; see
 .Xr ports 7
 .It Pa sbin/
 system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
 .It Pa share/
 architecture-independent files
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa calendar/
 a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
 see
 .Xr calendar 1
 .It Pa dict/
 word lists;
 see
 .Xr look 1
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa freebsd
 .Fx Ns -specific
 terms, proper names, and jargon
 .It Pa web2
 words from Webster's 2nd International
 .El
 .It Pa doc/
 miscellaneous documentation;
 source for most of the printed
 .Bx
 manuals (available
 from the
 .Tn USENIX
 association)
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa FAQ/
 Frequently Asked Questions
 .It Pa IPv6/
 implementation notes for IPv6
 .It Pa es/
 Spanish translations of documents in /usr/share/doc
 .It Pa handbook/
 .Fx
 Handbook
 .It Pa ja/
 Japanese translations of documents in /usr/share/doc
 .It Pa legal/
 License files for vendor supplied firmware files
 .It Pa ncurses/
 HTML documents pertaining to ncurses;
 see
 .Xr ncurses 3
 .It Pa ntp/
 HTML documents pertaining to the Network Time Protocol
 .It Pa ru/
 Russian translations of documents in /usr/share/doc
 .It Pa tutorials/
 .Fx
 tutorials
 .It Pa zh/
 Chinese translations of documents in /usr/share/doc
 .El
 .It Pa examples/
 various examples for users and programmers
 .It Pa firmware/
 firmware images loaded by userland programs
 .It Pa games/
 ASCII text files used by various games
 .It Pa keys/
 known trusted and revoked keys
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa pkg/
 fingerprints for
 .Xr pkg 7
 and
 .Xr pkg 8
 .El
 .It Pa locale/
 localization files;
 see
 .Xr setlocale 3
 .It Pa man/
 manual pages
 .It Pa misc/
 miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa fonts/
 ???
 .It Pa termcap
 terminal characteristics database;
 see
 .Xr termcap 5
 .El
 .It Pa mk/
 templates for make;
 see
 .Xr make 1
 .It Pa nls/
 national language support files
 .It Pa security/
 data files for security policies such as
 .Xr mac_lomac 4
 .It Pa sendmail/
 .Xr sendmail 8
 configuration files
 .It Pa skel/
 example
 .Pa .\&
 (dot) files for new accounts
 .It Pa snmp/
 MIBs, example files and tree definitions for the SNMP daemon
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa defs/
 tree definition files for use with
 .Xr gensnmptree 1
 .It Pa mibs/
 MIB files
 .El
 .It Pa syscons/
 files used by syscons;
 see
 .Xr syscons 4
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa fonts/
 console fonts;
 see
 .Xr vidcontrol 1
 and
 .Xr vidfont 1
 .It Pa keymaps/
 console keyboard maps;
 see
 .Xr kbdcontrol 1
 and
 .Xr kbdmap 1
 .It Pa scrnmaps/
 console screen maps
 .El
 .It Pa sysroot/
 files necessary for the -sysroot compiler/linker argument to build non-native
 binaries.
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa VERSION/
 files for
 .Fx
 release VERSION.
 By convention,
 .Dq VERSION
 matches
 .Xr uname 1
 .Fl r .
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa MACHINE.MACHINE_ARCH/
 represent the binary ABI for these files.
 .Dq MACHINE
 matches
 .Xr uname 1
 .Fl m .
 .Dq MACHINE_ARCH
 matches
 .Xr uname 1
 .Fl p .
 .El
 .El
 .It Pa tabset/
 tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
 the termcap file;
 see
 .Xr termcap 5
 .It Pa vi/
 localization support and utilities for
 .Xr vi 1
 .It Pa vt/
 files used by vt;
 see
 .Xr vt 4
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa fonts/
 console fonts;
 see
 .Xr vidcontrol 1
 and
 .Xr vidfont 1
 .It Pa keymaps/
 console keyboard maps;
 see
 .Xr kbdcontrol 1
 and
 .Xr kbdmap 1
 .\" .It Pa scrnmaps/
 .\" console screen maps
 .El
 .It Pa zoneinfo/
 timezone configuration information;
 see
 .Xr tzfile 5
 .El
 .Pp
 .It Pa src/
 .Fx
 source code; see
 .Xr development 7
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width "kerberos5/" -compact
 .It Pa bin/
 source code for files in /bin
 .It Pa cddl/
 utilities covered by the Common Development and Distribution License
 .It Pa contrib/
 source code for contributed software
 .It Pa crypto/
 source code for contributed cryptography software
 .It Pa etc/
 source code for files in
 .Pa /etc
 .It Pa gnu/
 utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
 .It Pa include/
 source code for files in
 .Pa /usr/include
 .It Pa kerberos5/
 build infrastructure for Kerberos version 5
 .It Pa lib/
 source code for files in
 .Pa /lib
 and
 .Pa /usr/lib
 .It Pa libexec/
 source code for files in
 .Pa /usr/libexec
 .It Pa release/
 files required to produce a
 .Fx
 release
 .It Pa rescue/
 source code for files in
 .Pa /rescue
 .It Pa sbin/
 source code for files in
 .Pa /sbin
 .It Pa secure/
 build directory for files in
 .Pa /usr/src/crypto
 .It Pa share/
 source for files in
 .Pa /usr/share
 .It Pa stand/
 boot loader source code
 .It Pa sys/
 kernel source code
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa amd64/
 AMD64 architecture support
 .It Pa arm/
 ARM architecture support
 .It Pa arm64/
 ARMv8 architecture support
 .It Pa cam/
 .Xr cam 4
 and
 .Xr ctl 4
 .It Pa cddl/
 CDDL-licensed optional sources, including ZFS
 and DTrace
 .It Pa ddb/
 .Xr ddb 4
 .It Pa fs/
 most filesystems
 .It Pa dev/
 device drivers
 .It Pa geom/
 .Xr geom 4
 .It Pa i386/
 i386 (32 bit) architecture support
 .It Pa kern/
 main part of the kernel
 .It Pa net80211/
 .Xr net80211 4
 .It Pa netgraph/
 .Xr netgraph 4
 .It Pa netinet/
 .Xr inet 4
 .It Pa netinet6/
 .Xr inet6 4
 .It Pa netipsec/
 .Xr ipsec 4
 .It Pa netpfil/
 .Xr ipfw 4
 and
 .Xr pf 4
 .It Pa opencrypto/
 .Xr crypto 7
 .It Pa powerpc/
 PowerPC/POWER architecture support
 .It Pa riscv/
 RISC-V architecture support
 .It Pa security/
 .Xr audit 4
 and
 .Xr mac 4
 .It Pa sys/
 kernel headers
 .It Pa ufs/
 Unix File System
 .It Pa x86/
 code shared by AMD64 and i386 architectures
 .El
 .It Pa targets/
 support for experimental DIRDEPS_BUILD
 .It Pa tests/
 source code for files in
 .Pa /usr/tests
 .It Pa tools/
 tools used for maintenance and testing of
 .Fx
 .It Pa usr.bin/
 source code for files in
 .Pa /usr/bin
 .It Pa usr.sbin/
 source code for files in
 .Pa /usr/sbin
 .El
 .Pp
 .It Pa tests/
 The
 .Fx
 test suite; see
 .Xr tests 7
 .El
 .It Pa /var/
 multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width "defaults/" -compact
 .It Pa account/
 system accounting files
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa acct
 execution accounting file;
 see
 .Xr acct 5
 .El
 .Pp
 .It Pa at/
 timed command scheduling files;
 see
 .Xr \&at 1
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa jobs/
 directory containing job files
 .It Pa spool/
 directory containing output spool files
 .El
 .Pp
 .It Pa backups/
 miscellaneous backup files
 .It Pa cache/
 miscellaneous cached files
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa pkg/
 cached packages for
 .Xr pkg 8
 .El
 .Pp
 .It Pa crash/
 default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
 .Xr crash 8
 and
 .Xr savecore 8
 .It Pa cron/
 files used by cron;
 see
 .Xr cron 8
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa tabs/
 crontab files;
 see
 .Xr crontab 5
 .El
 .Pp
 .It Pa db/
 miscellaneous automatically generated system-specific database files
 .It Pa empty/
 empty directory for use by programs that need a specifically empty directory.
 Used for instance by
 .Xr sshd 8
 for privilege separation
 .It Pa games/
 miscellaneous game status and score files
 .It Pa heimdal/
 Kerberos server databases; see
 .Xr kdc 8
 .It Pa log/
 miscellaneous system log files
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa utx.lastlogin
 last login log;
 see
 .Xr getutxent 3
 .It Pa utx.log
 login/logout log;
 see
 .Xr getutxent 3
 .El
 .Pp
 .It Pa mail/
 user mailbox files
 .It Pa msgs/
 system messages database;
 see
 .Xr msgs 1
 .It Pa preserve/
 temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
 of an editor;
 see
 .Xr \&ex 1
 .It Pa quotas/
 file system quota information files
 .It Pa run/
 system information files describing various info about
 system since it was booted
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa bhyve/
 bhyve vm unix domain sockets
 .It Pa ppp/
 writable by the
 .Dq network
 group for command connection sockets; see
 .Xr ppp 8
 .It Pa utx.active
 database of current users;
 see
 .Xr getutxent 3
 .El
 .Pp
 .It Pa rwho/
 rwho data files;
 see
 .Xr rwhod 8 ,
 .Xr rwho 1 ,
 and
 .Xr ruptime 1
 .It Pa spool/
 miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa clientmqueue/
 undelivered submission mail queue;
 see
 .Xr sendmail 8
 .It Pa ftp/
-commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory
+ftp root directory;
+see
+.Xr ftpd 8
 .It Pa mqueue/
 undelivered mail queue;
 see
 .Xr sendmail 8
 .It Pa output/
 line printer spooling directories
 .El
 .Pp
 .It Pa tmp/
 temporary files that are kept between system reboots
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
 .It Pa vi.recover/
 the directory where recovery files are stored
 .El
 .Pp
 .It Pa yp/
 the NIS maps; see
 .Xr yp 8
 .El
 .El
 .Sh NOTES
 This manual page documents the default
 .Fx
 file system layout, but
 the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
 administrator's discretion.
 A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
 this document.
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr apropos 1 ,
 .Xr find 1 ,
 .Xr grep 1 ,
 .Xr ls 1 ,
 .Xr whereis 1 ,
 .Xr which 1
 .Sh HISTORY
 A
 .Nm
 manual page appeared in
 .At v7 .