diff --git a/contrib/tzdata/antarctica b/contrib/tzdata/antarctica index d19fbde0fcf4..2fca366d693b 100644 --- a/contrib/tzdata/antarctica +++ b/contrib/tzdata/antarctica @@ -1,399 +1,414 @@ # 
-# @(#)antarctica	8.9
+# @(#)antarctica	8.10
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
 # 
 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
 # 
 # and
 # 
 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
 # 
 # for information.
 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
 #
 # Except for the French entries,
 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
 # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
 
 # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	ArgAQ	1964	1966	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	ArgAQ	1964	1966	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	ArgAQ	1967	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	ArgAQ	1967	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	ArgAQ	1968	1969	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	ArgAQ	1974	only	-	Jan	23	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	ArgAQ	1974	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	ChileAQ	1972	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	ChileAQ	1974	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	ChileAQ	1987	only	-	Apr	12	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	ChileAQ	1988	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	ChileAQ	1988	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	ChileAQ	1989	only	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	ChileAQ	1990	only	-	Mar	18	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	ChileAQ	1990	only	-	Sep	16	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	ChileAQ	1991	1996	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	ChileAQ	1991	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	ChileAQ	1997	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	ChileAQ	1998	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	ChileAQ	1998	only	-	Sep	27	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	ChileAQ	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	1999	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	ChileAQ	2000	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	1999	2010	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
+Rule	ChileAQ	2000	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
+# N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
+# which is used below in specifying the transition.
+Rule	ChileAQ	2008	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	2009	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	2010	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	2011	only	-	May	Sun>=2	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	2011	only	-	Aug	Sun>=16	4:00u	1:00	S
+Rule	ChileAQ	2012	only	-	Apr	Sun>=23	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	2012	only	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
+Rule	ChileAQ	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	2013	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 
 # These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file.
 Rule	AusAQ	1917	only	-	Jan	 1	0:01	1:00	-
 Rule	AusAQ	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	0	-
 Rule	AusAQ	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	AusAQ	1942	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	0	-
 Rule	AusAQ	1942	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	AusAQ	1943	1944	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
 Rule	AusAQ	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	ATAQ	1967	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	ATAQ	1968	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	ATAQ	1968	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	ATAQ	1969	1971	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	ATAQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	ATAQ	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	ATAQ	1982	1983	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	ATAQ	1984	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	ATAQ	1986	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	ATAQ	1987	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	ATAQ	1987	only	-	Oct	Sun>=22	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	ATAQ	1988	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	ATAQ	1991	1999	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	ATAQ	1991	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	ATAQ	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	ATAQ	2001	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	ATAQ	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	ATAQ	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	ATAQ	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 
 # Argentina - year-round bases
 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
 #	(except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
 
 # Australia - territories
 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
 #	previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
 #	
 #	Margaret Turner reports
 #	 (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
 #	presumably this is when they have visitors.
 #
 # year-round bases
 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
 #	(except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):
 # Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:
 # Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11
 # Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5
 # Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5
 # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
 #
 # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
 # 
 # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
 # 
 #
 # We have more background information here:
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
 # 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
 # on 4 April.
 #
 # - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.
 # The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but
 # has not been decided yet.
 #
 # - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010
 # 20:00 UTC.
 #
 # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
 #
 # In addition to the Rule changes for Casey/Davis, it means that Macquarie
 # will no longer be like Hobart and will have to have its own Zone created.
 #
 # Background:
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
 # 
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Casey	0	-	zzz	1969
 			8:00	-	WST	2009 Oct 18 2:00
 						# Western (Aus) Standard Time
 			11:00	-	CAST	2010 Mar 5 2:00
 						# Casey Time
+			8:00	-	WST	2011 Oct 28 2:00
+			11:00	-	CAST	2012 Feb 21 17:00u
 			8:00	-	WST
 Zone Antarctica/Davis	0	-	zzz	1957 Jan 13
 			7:00	-	DAVT	1964 Nov # Davis Time
 			0	-	zzz	1969 Feb
 			7:00	-	DAVT	2009 Oct 18 2:00
 			5:00	-	DAVT	2010 Mar 10 20:00u
+			7:00	-	DAVT	2011 Oct 28 2:00
+			5:00	-	DAVT	2012 Feb 21 20:00u
 			7:00	-	DAVT
 Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	zzz	1954 Feb 13
 			6:00	-	MAWT	2009 Oct 18 2:00
 						# Mawson Time
 			5:00	-	MAWT
 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0	-	zzz	1911
 			10:00	-	EST	1916 Oct 1 2:00
 			10:00	1:00	EST	1917 Feb
 			10:00	AusAQ	EST	1967
 			10:00	ATAQ	EST	2010 Apr 4 3:00
 			11:00	-	MIST	# Macquarie Island Time
 # References:
 # 
 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
 # 
 # 
 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
 # 
 # 
 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
 # 
 
 # Brazil - year-round base
 # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
 
 # Chile - year-round bases and towns
 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
 # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
 # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
 # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
 
 # China - year-round bases
 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
 
 # France - year-round bases
 #
 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
 # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
 # from Tasmania.
 #
 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
 #
 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
 #	whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
 #
 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
 #	fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	zzz	1950	# Port-aux-Francais
 			5:00	-	TFT	# ISO code TF Time
 #
 # year-round base in the main continent
 # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
 #
 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	zzz	1947
 			10:00	-	PMT	1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
 			0	-	zzz	1956 Nov
 			10:00	-	DDUT	# Dumont-d'Urville Time
 # Reference:
 # 
 # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
 # 
 
 # Germany - year-round base
 # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
 
 # India - year-round base
 # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
 
 # Japan - year-round bases
 # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
 # Syowa, -690022+0393524
 #
 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
 #
 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
 # was established on 1957-01-29.  Since Syowa station is still the main
 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	zzz	1957 Jan 29
 			3:00	-	SYOT	# Syowa Time
 # See:
 # 
 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
 # 
 
 # S Korea - year-round base
 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
 
 # New Zealand - claims
 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
 # Scott Island (never inhabited)
 #
 # year-round base
 # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
 #
 # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NZAQ	1974	only	-	Nov	 3	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZAQ	1975	1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZAQ	1989	only	-	Oct	 8	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZAQ	1990	2006	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZAQ	1975	only	-	Feb	23	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	NZAQ	1976	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	NZAQ	1990	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	NZAQ	2007	max	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZAQ	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 
 # Norway - territories
 # Bouvet (never inhabited)
 #
 # claims
 # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
 
 # Poland - year-round base
 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
 
 # Russia - year-round bases
 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
 #	year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
 #	year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
 
 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
 # 
 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
 # time as Moscow, Russia.
 #
 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
 # what they had to say about time there:
 # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
 # in person.  He said that some Antartic locations set their local
 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
 # solar noon.  So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
 # happened to be during their visit.  So we still don't really know what time
 # it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess UTC+6.
 #
 Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	zzz	1957 Dec 16
 			6:00	-	VOST	# Vostok time
 
 # S Africa - year-round bases
 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
 # Sanae, -7141-00250
 
 # UK
 #
 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
 # South Orkney Islands
 #	scientific station from 1903
 #	whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
 # South Shetland Islands
 #
 # year-round bases
 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
 #	scientific station 1943/1967,
 #	previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
 #	and a garrison was deployed briefly
 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
 #	Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
 #	so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
 #  says Rothera is -03 all year.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Rothera	0	-	zzz	1976 Dec  1
 			-3:00	-	ROTT	# Rothera time
 
 # Uruguay - year round base
 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
 
 # USA - year-round bases
 #
 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
 #
 # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
 # Palmer has followed Chile.  Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	zzz	1965
 			-4:00	ArgAQ	AR%sT	1969 Oct 5
 			-3:00	ArgAQ	AR%sT	1982 May
 			-4:00	ChileAQ	CL%sT
 #
 #
 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo	0	-	zzz	1956
 			12:00	NZAQ	NZ%sT
 #
 # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
 # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
 # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
 #
 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
 # at that time (1957).  (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
 #
 # From Susan Smith
 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
 # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
 # One last quirk about South Pole time.
 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
 # makes all of the clocks run fast.  So every couple of days,
 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
 #
 Link	Antarctica/McMurdo	Antarctica/South_Pole
diff --git a/contrib/tzdata/asia b/contrib/tzdata/asia
index 925cc36f0fb1..2203fd0332bf 100644
--- a/contrib/tzdata/asia
+++ b/contrib/tzdata/asia
@@ -1,2648 +1,2660 @@
-# @(#)asia	8.69
+# @(#)asia	8.70
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 #
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
 #
 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
 #
 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #	     std  dst
 #	     LMT	Local Mean Time
 #	2:00 EET  EEST	Eastern European Time
 #	2:00 IST  IDT	Israel
 #	3:00 AST  ADT	Arabia*
 #	3:30 IRST IRDT	Iran
 #	4:00 GST	Gulf*
 #	5:30 IST	India
 #	7:00 ICT	Indochina*
 #	7:00 WIT	west Indonesia
 #	8:00 CIT	central Indonesia
 #	8:00 CST	China
 #	9:00 CJT	Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
 #	9:00 EIT	east Indonesia
 #	9:00 JST  JDT	Japan
 #	9:00 KST  KDT	Korea
 #	9:30 CST	(Australian) Central Standard Time
 #
 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
 
 # From Guy Harris:
 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
 # Worldwide Edition).  The names for time zones are guesses.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	EUAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	EUAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule	EUAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule E-EurAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule E-EurAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule E-EurAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1983	-	Oct	1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule RussiaAsia	1984	1991	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule RussiaAsia	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule RussiaAsia	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule RussiaAsia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	23:00	0	-
 Rule RussiaAsia	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule RussiaAsia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule RussiaAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 
-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
-# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
-# follow Russia's "old" rules.
-
 # Afghanistan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
 			4:00	-	AFT	1945
 			4:30	-	AFT
 
 # Armenia
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
 # readopting Russian DST in 1997.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
 # when they disagree with others.  Edgar Der-Danieliantz
 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995.  IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
+# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
+# follow Russia's "old" rules.
+
+# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
+# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
+# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
+# 
+# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
+# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
+# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
+# or
+# (brief)
+# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			3:00	-	YERT	1957 Mar    # Yerevan Time
 			4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			3:00	1:00	YERST	1991 Sep 23 # independence
 			3:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1995 Sep 24 2:00s
 			4:00	-	AMT	1997
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	2012 Mar 25 2:00s
+			4:00	-	AMT
 
 # Azerbaijan
 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 4:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			3:00	-	BAKT	1957 Mar    # Baku Time
 			4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			3:00	1:00	BAKST	1991 Aug 30 # independence
 			3:00 RussiaAsia	AZ%sT	1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
 			4:00	-	AZT	1996 # Azerbaijan time
 			4:00	EUAsia	AZ%sT	1997
 			4:00	Azer	AZ%sT
 
 # Bahrain
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
 			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
 			3:00	-	AST
 
 # Bangladesh
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
 #
 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
 # 
 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
 # 
 # or
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
 # 
 #
 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
 # June
 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
 # crippling power crisis. "
 #
 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
 #
 # Some sources:
 # 
 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
 # 
 # 
 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
 # 
 #
 # Our wrap-up:
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
 # 
 
 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 
 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 
 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 
 #
 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 
 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 
 #
 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
 # 
 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
 # 
 # or
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
 # 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 
 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 
 # "continue for an indefinite period."
 #
 # One of many places where it is published:
 # 
 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
 # 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
 #
 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
 # 
 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
 # 
 # and
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
 # 
 #
 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
 # Minister's Office last night..."
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 
 # 
 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
 # 
 # or
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
 # 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Jun	19	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Dec	31	23:59	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dhaka	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
 			6:30	-	BURT	1951 Sep 30
 			6:00	-	DACT	1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
 			6:00	-	BDT	2009
 			6:00	Dhaka	BD%sT
 
 # Bhutan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
 			5:30	-	IST	1987 Oct
 			6:00	-	BTT	# Bhutan Time
 
 # British Indian Ocean Territory
 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00.  Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Chagos	4:49:40	-	LMT	1907
 			5:00	-	IOT	1996 # BIOT Time
 			6:00	-	IOT
 
 # Brunei
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar   # Bandar Seri Begawan
 			7:30	-	BNT	1933
 			8:00	-	BNT
 
 # Burma / Myanmar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Rangoon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880		# or Yangon
 			6:24:36	-	RMT	1920	   # Rangoon Mean Time?
 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May   # Burma Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 May 3
 			6:30	-	MMT		   # Myanmar Time
 
 # Cambodia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
 			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
 			7:00	-	ICT
 
 # China
 
 # From Guy Harris:
 # People's Republic of China.  Yes, they really have only one time zone.
 
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # No they don't.  See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52.  Even though
 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region).  I don't know about DST for it.
 #
 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
 # painful to suck in another copy..  So, here is what I have for
 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
 #
 #     1986 May 4 - Sept 14
 #     1987 mid-April - ??
 
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # CHINA               8 H  AHEAD OF UTC  ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
 # CHINA               9 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 17 - SEP 10
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now.  I made up names for the other
 # pre-1980 time zones.
 
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Shang	1940	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Shang	1940	1941	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Shang	1941	only	-	Mar	16	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	PRC	1986	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	PRC	1986	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=11	0:00	0	S
 Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 
 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites.  And yes, there are official
 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
 #
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
 # boundaries summarized below]....  A few other exceptions were two
 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
 # I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
 # about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
 # talking about China being in one time zone.  (That article was: Jim
 # Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
 # time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05.  By the way, this
 # article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
 #
 # From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
 # I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated 
 # separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't 
 # implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near 
 # Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a 
 # "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was 
 # ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
 # There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
 # rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
 # reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
 # Shanks & Pottenger.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
 Zone	Asia/Harbin	8:26:44	-	LMT	1928 # or Haerbin
 			8:30	-	CHAT	1932 Mar # Changbai Time
 			8:00	-	CST	1940
 			9:00	-	CHAT	1966 May
 			8:30	-	CHAT	1980 May
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
 # most of China
 Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:52	-	LMT	1928
 			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
 Zone	Asia/Chongqing	7:06:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Chungking
 			7:00	-	LONT	1980 May # Long-shu Time
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
 # the Guangdong counties  Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
 # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
 Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Urumchi
 			6:00	-	URUT	1980 May # Urumqi Time
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 # Kunlun Time
 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
 # and Yarkand.
 
 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
 #
 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
 # local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
 # "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
 #
 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
 #
 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
 # or 1991 when summer time was in use.  The confusion was severe, with
 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
 #
 # ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
 #
 # The first few lines of the Google translation of
 # 
 # http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
 # 
 # (retrieved 2009-10-13)
 # > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
 # > 500 million yuan
 # >
 # > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
 # > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
 # > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
 # > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
 
 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
 #
 # 1. Wulumuqi...
 # 2. Kashi...
 # 3. Urumqi...
 # 4. Kashgar...
 # ...
 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
 #
 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
 # start date for Xinjiang time.
 #
 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
 
 Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
 			5:30	-	KAST	1940	 # Kashgar Time
 			5:00	-	KAST	1980 May
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 
 
 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
 # obtained from
 # 
 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
 # .
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
 # Here are the dates given at
 # 
 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
 # 
 # as of 2009-10-28:
 # Year        Period
 # 1941        1 Apr to 30 Sep
 # 1942        Whole year 
 # 1943        Whole year
 # 1944        Whole year
 # 1945        Whole year
 # 1946        20 Apr to 1 Dec
 # 1947        13 Apr to 30 Dec
 # 1948        2 May to 31 Oct
 # 1949        3 Apr to 30 Oct
 # 1950        2 Apr to 29 Oct
 # 1951        1 Apr to 28 Oct
 # 1952        6 Apr to 25 Oct
 # 1953        5 Apr to 1 Nov
 # 1954        21 Mar to 31 Oct
 # 1955        20 Mar to 6 Nov
 # 1956        18 Mar to 4 Nov
 # 1957        24 Mar to 3 Nov
 # 1958        23 Mar to 2 Nov
 # 1959        22 Mar to 1 Nov
 # 1960        20 Mar to 6 Nov
 # 1961        19 Mar to 5 Nov
 # 1962        18 Mar to 4 Nov
 # 1963        24 Mar to 3 Nov
 # 1964        22 Mar to 1 Nov
 # 1965        18 Apr to 17 Oct
 # 1966        17 Apr to 16 Oct
 # 1967        16 Apr to 22 Oct
 # 1968        21 Apr to 20 Oct
 # 1969        20 Apr to 19 Oct
 # 1970        19 Apr to 18 Oct
 # 1971        18 Apr to 17 Oct
 # 1972        16 Apr to 22 Oct
 # 1973        22 Apr to 21 Oct
 # 1973/74     30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
 # 1975        20 Apr to 19 Oct
 # 1976        18 Apr to 17 Oct
 # 1977        Nil
 # 1978        Nil
 # 1979        13 May to 21 Oct
 # 1980 to Now Nil
 # The page does not give start or end times of day.
 # The page does not give a start date for 1942.
 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
 
 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	HK	1941	only	-	Apr	1	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1941	only	-	Sep	30	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Apr	20	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Dec	1	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Apr	13	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1948	only	-	May	2	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1948	1951	-	Oct	lastSun	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1952	only	-	Oct	25	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1949	1953	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1953	only	-	Nov	1	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1954	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=18	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1954	only	-	Oct	31	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1955	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1965	1976	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1965	1976	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
 Rule	HK	1973	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1979	only	-	May	Sun>=8	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1979	only	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:36 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
 			8:00	HK	HK%sT	1941 Dec 25
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 15
 			8:00	HK	HK%sT
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Taiwan
 
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
 # was still controlled by Japan.  This is hard to believe, but we don't
 # have any other information.
 
 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
 # According to Taiwan's CWB,
 # 
 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
 # 
 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07):
 # Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page:
 # Decade 	                                                    Name                      Start and end date
 # Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time               May 1 to September 30 
 # 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952)                 Daylight Saving Time      March 1 to October 31 
 # Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time      April 1 to October 31 
 # In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years)            Daylight Saving Time      April 1 to September 30 
 # Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959)       Summer Time               April 1 to September 30 
 # Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961)       Summer Time               June 1 to September 30 
 # Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time 
 # Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD)       Daylight Saving Time      April 1 to September 30 
 # Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD)       Stop Daylight Saving Time 
 # Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979)                        Daylight Saving Time      July 1 to September 30 
 # Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980)                  Stop Daylight Saving Time
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1952	only	-	Mar	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1952	1954	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1953	1959	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1955	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1960	1961	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
 			8:00	Taiwan	C%sT
 
 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Macau	1961	1962	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1961	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
 Rule	Macau	1963	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1964	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Oct	31	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
 Rule	Macau	1972	1974	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1972	1973	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Macau	1974	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=15	3:30	0	-
 Rule	Macau	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=15	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Macau	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912
 			8:00	Macau	MO%sT	1999 Dec 20 # return to China
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Cyprus
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Apr	13	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Oct	12	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	Oct	11	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Cyprus	1977	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1978	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1979	1997	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1981	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Nicosia	2:13:28 -	LMT	1921 Nov 14
 			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
 			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT
 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
 
 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
 Link	Asia/Nicosia	Europe/Nicosia
 
 # Georgia
 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
 #
 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
 #
 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
 #
 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday...  The former Soviet
 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow.  As a result it
 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
 # ahead.  The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
 # of integration into Europe.
 
 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
 # about it.  As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
 
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:16 -	LMT	1880
 			2:59:16	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
 			3:00	-	TBIT	1957 Mar    # Tbilisi Time
 			4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			3:00	1:00	TBIST	1991 Apr  9 # independence
 			3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT	1992 # Georgia Time
 			3:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1994 Sep lastSun
 			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1996 Oct lastSun
 			4:00	1:00	GEST	1997 Mar lastSun
 			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	2004 Jun 27
 			3:00 RussiaAsia	GE%sT	2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
 			4:00	-	GET
 
 # East Timor
 
 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
 
 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
 # 
 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
 #  (1999-12-26/31):
 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
 # conflicts with their way of life.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
 
 # 
 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
 # (2000-08-16):
 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour.  The time change,
 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912
 			8:00	-	TLT	1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
 			9:00	-	TLT	1976 May  3
 			8:00	-	CIT	2000 Sep 17 00:00
 			9:00	-	TLT
 
 # India
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880	# Kolkata
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
 			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
 			5:30	-	IST
 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
 #	Andaman Is
 #	Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
 #	Nicobar Is
 
 # Indonesia
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
 # 
 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01.  Looking at some
 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
 # Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
 # (Hollandia).  For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
 # switched on 1945-09-23.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
 # but this must be a typo.
 			7:07:12	-	JMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
 			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov	 # Java Time
 			7:30	-	WIT	1942 Mar 23
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
 			7:30	-	WIT	1948 May
 			8:00	-	WIT	1950 May
 			7:30	-	WIT	1964
 			7:00	-	WIT
 Zone Asia/Pontianak	7:17:20	-	LMT	1908 May
 			7:17:20	-	PMT	1932 Nov    # Pontianak MT
 			7:30	-	WIT	1942 Jan 29
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
 			7:30	-	WIT	1948 May
 			8:00	-	WIT	1950 May
 			7:30	-	WIT	1964
 			8:00	-	CIT	1988 Jan  1
 			7:00	-	WIT
 Zone Asia/Makassar	7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
 			7:57:36	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar MT
 			8:00	-	CIT	1942 Feb  9
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
 			8:00	-	CIT
 Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
 			9:00	-	EIT	1944 Sep  1
 			9:30	-	CST	1964
 			9:00	-	EIT
 
 # Iran
 
 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
 #
 #	Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
 #	No. 16760/T233 H				1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
 #
 #	The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
 #
 #	The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
 #	based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
 #	of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
 #	and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
 #	and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
 #	for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
 #
 #	The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
 #	at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
 #	to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
 #	Shahrivar.
 #
 #	First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
 #
 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
 # for at least the last 5 years.  Before that, for a few years, the
 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
 #
 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
 # leap year calculation involved.  There has never been any serious
 # plan to change that law....
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
 # known exactly, amongst other factors.  2157 is even closer:
 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT.  But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
 # no interpretation problem whatsoever.  By the way, another instant
 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT.  The Java version of
 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
 #
 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
 # daylight saving time ...
 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
 #
 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Iran	1978	1980	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	1978	only	-	Oct	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	1979	only	-	Sep	19	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	1980	only	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	1991	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	1992	1995	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	1991	1995	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
 			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946	# Tehran Mean Time
 			3:30	-	IRST	1977 Nov
 			4:00	Iran	IR%sT	1979
 			3:30	Iran	IR%sT
 
 
 # Iraq
 #
 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
 #
 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time.  They referred
 # to daylight saving as Saddam time.  But, as of today, the time zone
 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
 #
 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
 # news sources (in Arabic):
 # 
 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
 # 
 # 
 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
 # 
 #
 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
 # 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Iraq	1982	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1982	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Iraq	1983	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1984	1985	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
 Rule	Iraq	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	D
 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
 #
 Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Apr	 1	3:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
 			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918	    # Baghdad Mean Time?
 			3:00	-	AST	1982 May
 			3:00	Iraq	A%sT
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Israel
 
 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
 #
 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988.  Until then there were three
 # different abbreviations in use:
 #
 # JST  Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
 # IZT  Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
 #
 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
 # I ruled out JST.  As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
 # EEST was equally unacceptable.  Since "zonal" was not compatible with
 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
 # settings in Israeli computers.
 #
 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
 # family is from India).
 
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1940	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1942	1944	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1943	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1944	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1946	only	-	Apr	16	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1946	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	May	23	0:00	2:00	DD
 Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1948	1949	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1949	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Sep	15	3:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Nov	11	3:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Apr	20	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Oct	19	3:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Apr	12	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Sep	13	3:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Jun	13	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Sep	12	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Jun	11	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Sep	11	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1956	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1956	only	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1957	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1957	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1974	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1974	only	-	Oct	13	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1975	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1975	only	-	Aug	31	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1985	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1985	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1986	only	-	May	18	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1986	only	-	Sep	 7	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Apr	 9	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 
 # From Ephraim Silverberg
 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
 # and 2005-02-17):
 
 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
 # days of daylight savings time annually.  From 1993-1998, the change to
 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
 # time.  1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year.  In 1999, the change to
 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
 # 1999 only.  In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST.  Starting in 2001, all
 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Mar	25	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Aug	26	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Mar	24	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Mar	29	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S
 
 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel.  The spokeswoman can be reached by
 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
 
 # Rule	NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Aug	28	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 
 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
 # time, Haim Ramon.  The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
 #
 #   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
 #
 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
 #
 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
 #
 #   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
 #
 #       where YYYY is the relevant year.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Sep	14	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Sep	 3	2:00	0	S
 
 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
 # years 2001-2004 as well.
 #
 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
 #
 #	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
 #
 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
 #
 #	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Oct	 6	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Apr	 9	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Sep	24	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Mar	29	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Oct	 7	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Mar	28	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Oct	 3	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Apr	 7	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Sep	22	1:00	0	S
 
 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
 #
 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
 #
 #	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
 #  (2005-02-20)
 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
 # to generate the transitions in this list.
 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
 # The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
 #
 # Rule	Zion	2005	max	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
 #
 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
 # springtime transitions explicitly.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2006	2010	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2006	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2007	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2008	only	-	Oct	 5	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2009	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2010	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2012	2015	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2012	only	-	Sep	23	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2013	only	-	Sep	 8	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2014	only	-	Sep	28	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2015	only	-	Sep	20	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2016	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2016	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2017	2021	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2017	only	-	Sep	24	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2018	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2019	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2020	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2021	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2022	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2022	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2023	2032	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2023	only	-	Sep	24	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2024	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2025	only	-	Sep	28	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2026	only	-	Sep	20	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2027	only	-	Oct	10	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2028	only	-	Sep	24	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2029	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2030	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2031	only	-	Sep	21	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2032	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2033	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2033	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2034	2037	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2034	only	-	Sep	17	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2035	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2036	only	-	Sep	28	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2037	only	-	Sep	13	2:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:56 -	LMT	1880
 			2:20:40	-	JMT	1918	# Jerusalem Mean Time?
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT
 
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Japan
 
 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
 
 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
 # :
 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
 # [1948-05-01]....  But lack of prior debate and the execution of
 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
 # deep hatred of the concept....  The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed.  (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
 # wanted to keep it.)
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Japan	1948	only	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Japan	1948	1951	-	Sep	Sat>=8	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Japan	1949	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases.  For now, assume
 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
 
 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
 
 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
 # standard time".  And the same ordinance also established "western standard
 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree....  But "western standard
 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937).  In the ordinance No.
 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
 # standard....
 #
 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
 
 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki.  Guess that all
 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
 			9:00	-	JST	1896
 			9:00	-	CJT	1938
 			9:00	Japan	J%sT
 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
 
 # Jordan
 #
 # From 
 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01)  via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
 # all year round.
 #
 # From 
 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30)  via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
 # by one hour.  This is the latest government decision and it's final!
 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
 #
 
 # From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
 # ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
 # Jordan.
 # The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
 # saving
 # time on the last Thursday in March.
 #
 # Rule  Jordan      2000  max	-  Mar   lastThu     0:00s 1:00  S
 #
 # However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan
 # going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
 # Please see
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11
 # 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
 # 
 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
 # 
 #
 # Google's translation:
 #
 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
 # > of the month of March of each year.
 #
 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1973	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1974	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1976	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1977	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1986	1988	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1986	1990	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1989	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1990	only	-	Apr	27	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Apr	17	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1992	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1992	1993	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1993	1998	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1994	only	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1995	1998	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1999	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1999	2002	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2000	2001	-	Mar	lastThu	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	2002	max	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	2003	only	-	Oct	24	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2004	only	-	Oct	15	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2005	only	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2006	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
 
 
 # Kazakhstan
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
 #
 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
 
 # 
 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
 # 
 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
 #
 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
 # was "blended" with the Central zone.  Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour.  The zone
 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan.  The other zone encompasses
 # everything else....  I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
 
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
 Zone	Asia/Almaty	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Alma-Ata
 			5:00	-	ALMT	1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
 			6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT	1991
 			6:00	-	ALMT	1992
 			6:00 RussiaAsia	ALM%sT	2005 Mar 15
 			6:00	-	ALMT
 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
 Zone	Asia/Qyzylorda	4:21:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			4:00	-	KIZT	1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
 			5:00	-	KIZT	1981 Apr  1
 			5:00	1:00	KIZST	1981 Oct  1
 			6:00	-	KIZT	1982 Apr  1
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	KIZ%sT	1991
 			5:00	-	KIZT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
 			5:00	-	QYZT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
 			6:00 RussiaAsia	QYZ%sT	2005 Mar 15
 			6:00	-	QYZT
 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
 Zone	Asia/Aqtobe	3:48:40	-	LMT	1924 May  2
 			4:00	-	AKTT	1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
 			5:00	-	AKTT	1981 Apr  1
 			5:00	1:00	AKTST	1981 Oct  1
 			6:00	-	AKTT	1982 Apr  1
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	AKT%sT	1991
 			5:00	-	AKTT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
 			5:00	-	AQTT
 # Mangghystau
 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
 # so include time stamps before 1963.
 Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2
 			4:00	-	FORT	1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
 			5:00	-	FORT	1963
 			5:00	-	SHET	1981 Oct  1 # Shevchenko Time
 			6:00	-	SHET	1982 Apr  1
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	SHE%sT	1991
 			5:00	-	SHET	1991 Dec 16 # independence
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	2005 Mar 15
 			5:00	-	AQTT
 # West Kazakhstan
 Zone	Asia/Oral	3:25:24	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ural'sk
 			4:00	-	URAT	1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
 			5:00	-	URAT	1981 Apr  1
 			5:00	1:00	URAST	1981 Oct  1
 			6:00	-	URAT	1982 Apr  1
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1991
 			4:00	-	URAT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	ORA%sT	2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
 			5:00	-	ORAT
 
 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
 # 
 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system.  I take the article
 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Apr	Sun>=7	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2004	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	FRUT	1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
 			6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
 			5:00	Kyrgyz	KG%sT	2005 Aug 12    # Kyrgyzstan Time
 			6:00	-	KGT
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Korea (North and South)
 
 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
 # :
 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
 # the system may begin as early as 2008....  Korea ran a daylight
 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
 
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
 Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Seoul	8:27:52	-	LMT	1890
 			8:30	-	KST	1904 Dec
 			9:00	-	KST	1928
 			8:30	-	KST	1932
 			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
 			8:00	ROK	K%sT	1961 Aug 10
 			8:30	-	KST	1968 Oct
 			9:00	ROK	K%sT
 Zone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1890
 			8:30	-	KST	1904 Dec
 			9:00	-	KST	1928
 			8:30	-	KST	1932
 			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
 			8:00	-	KST	1961 Aug 10
 			9:00	-	KST
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Kuwait
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
 # The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
 # by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
 # Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
 # .
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
 # We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
 # so for now we assume no DST.
 Zone	Asia/Kuwait	3:11:56 -	LMT	1950
 			3:00	-	AST
 
 # Laos
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Vientiane	6:50:24 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9 # or Viangchan
 			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
 			7:00	-	ICT
 
 # Lebanon
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Oct	8	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1972	only	-	Jun	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1972	1977	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1973	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1984	1987	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1984	1991	-	Oct	16	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1988	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1989	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1990	1992	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1992	only	-	Oct	4	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1993	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1999	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Beirut	2:22:00 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	Lebanon	EE%sT
 
 # Malaysia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Sep	14	0:00	0:20	TS # one-Third Summer
 Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Dec	14	0:00	0	-
 #
 # peninsular Malaysia
 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
 # .
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	6:46:46 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
 			7:00	-	MALT	1933 Jan  1 # Malaya Time
 			7:00	0:20	MALST	1936 Jan  1
 			7:20	-	MALT	1941 Sep  1
 			7:30	-	MALT	1942 Feb 16
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
 			7:30	-	MALT	1982 Jan  1
 			8:00	-	MYT	# Malaysia Time
 # Sabah & Sarawak
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
 			7:30	-	BORT	1933	# Borneo Time
 			8:00	NBorneo	BOR%sT	1942 Feb 16
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
 			8:00	-	BORT	1982 Jan  1
 			8:00	-	MYT
 
 # Maldives
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
 			4:54:00	-	MMT	1960	# Male Mean Time
 			5:00	-	MVT		# Maldives Time
 
 # Mongolia
 
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
 # both say that it has just one.
 
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
 # 
 # General Information Mongolia
 #  (1999-09)
 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
 # eight hours."
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
 # being the last year it was implemented.  The dates of implementation I am
 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
 # of implementation may have been different....
 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
 # is good enough for our purposes.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
 # there are three time zones.
 #
 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
 #	Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
 #
 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
 
 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
 # Windows XP as the source.  Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
 # He also found
 # 
 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
 
 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
 
 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
 # database on this, e.g.:
 #
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
 # 
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
 # 
 #
 # both say GMT+08:00.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
 # schedule here:
 # 
 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
 # 
 # (click the English flag for English)
 #
 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
 # Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
 # this is almost surely wrong.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Mongol	1983	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	1983	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00.  Also, IATA SSIM
 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
 # the country.  That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
 
 Rule	Mongol	1985	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	1984	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
 Rule	Mongol	2001	only	-	Apr	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Mongol	2001	2006	-	Sep	lastSat	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Mongol	2002	2006	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
 Zone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
 			6:00	-	HOVT	1978	# Hovd Time
 			7:00	Mongol	HOV%sT
 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
 Zone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
 			7:00	-	ULAT	1978	# Ulaanbaatar Time
 			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
 Zone	Asia/Choibalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
 			7:00	-	ULAT	1978
 			8:00	-	ULAT	1983 Apr
 			9:00	Mongol	CHO%sT	2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
 			8:00	Mongol	CHO%sT
 
 # Nepal
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Kathmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
 			5:30	-	IST	1986
 			5:45	-	NPT	# Nepal Time
 
 # Oman
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:20 -	LMT	1920
 			4:00	-	GST
 
 # Pakistan
 
 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002.  This is what I was
 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
 # 15th October each year".  This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
 # it's not on a trial basis.  Also, the "between the first Saturday
 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
 # DAWN  reported on 2002-10-05
 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight.  Go with McDow for now.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
 #
 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
 #
 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
 # 
 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 
 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
 # 
 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help 
 # reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and 
 # moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. 
 # ...."
 # 
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
 # 
 # OR
 # 
 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
 # 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
 # for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
 # instead of August 31.
 #
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
 # 
 # OR
 # 
 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
 # 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
 # official working."
 # 
 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
 # 
 #
 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
 #
 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
 # April 08, 2009
 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
 # 
 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
 # 
 #
 # or
 #
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
 # 
 #
 # ....
 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
 # conserve energy"
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
 # this regard." 
 # 
 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
 # 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
 # 1, 2009.
 #
 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
 # 
 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
 # 
 # or
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
 # 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
 # Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
 # > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
 # > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
 # > 1, 2009.
 #
 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
 # 
 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
 # 
 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
 # Monday."
 #
 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
 #
 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
 # 
 
 # From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
 # >
 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
 #
 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
 # 
 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
 # 
 #
 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
 # 
 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
 # 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:01	1:00	S
 Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:01	0	-
 Rule Pakistan	2008	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Pakistan	2008	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
 			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
 			5:30	-	IST	1951 Sep 30
 			5:00	-	KART	1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
 			5:00 Pakistan	PK%sT	# Pakistan Time
 
 # Palestine
 
 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
 #
 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
 #
 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
 # time zone was affected then).  It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
 # though.
 #
 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
 # Trans-Jordan").  So the rules for Jordan for that time apply.  Major
 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
 # East Jerusalem.
 #
 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
 # for East Jerusalem).  They were on Israel time since then; there might
 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
 #
 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995.  I know that in order to
 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
 # Jordanian one).
 #
 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
 #
 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
 # Israel      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion
 # West bank   | Zion      | Jordan    | Zion      | Jordan
 # Gaza        | Zion      | Egypt     | Zion      | Jordan
 #
 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
 # have one).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
 # to Palestine's rules.  If you have more info about this, please
 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
 
 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
 #
 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
 # one-hour forward at this time.  As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
 # 
 # Holiday havoc
 #  (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
 # the Ramadan.  Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel.  I was not
 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
 # the West Bank.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday.  It is also time to turn
 # > back the clocks for winter.  Friday will begin an hour late this week.
 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
 # because of the Ramadan.
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
 # surprised if they agreed about DST.  But for now, assume they agree.
 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
 #
 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
 #
 # 
 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
 # 
 # 
 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
 # 
 # or
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
 # 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
 #
 # (in Arabic)
 # 
 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
 # 
 #
 # or
 # (English translation)
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
 # 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
 #
 # One news source:
 # 
 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
 # 
 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
 #
 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
 # 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
 #
 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
 #
 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
 # 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
 #
 # 
 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
 # 
 # (in Arabic)
 # or
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
 # 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
 # noon though:
 #
 # 
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
 # 
 # (Ma'an News Agency)
 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
 # According to several sources, including
 # 
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
 # 
 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 
 # Gaza and the West Bank.
 # Some more background info:
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
 # 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
 # Ramadan.
 #
 # 
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
 # 
 # Additional info:
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
 # 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
 # ...
 # 
 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
 # 
 # or
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
 # 
 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 
 # 00:00).
 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
 #
 # Many sources, including:
 # 
 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
 # 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule EgyptAsia	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1967	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
 Rule EgyptAsia	1966	only	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
 
 Rule Palestine	1999	2005	-	Apr	Fri>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	1999	2003	-	Oct	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2004	only	-	Oct	 1	1:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2005	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2006	2008	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=8	2:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2008	only	-	Aug	lastFri	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2009	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2009	only	-	Sep	Fri>=1	2:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2010	only	-	Mar	lastSat	0:01	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2010	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	0	-
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-09-20):
 # 2011 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2011-09-20.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 			2:00	Zion	EET	1948 May 15
 			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2011 Apr  2 12:01
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	2011 Aug  1
 			2:00	-	EET
 
 Zone	Asia/Hebron	2:20:23	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 			2:00	Zion	EET	1948 May 15
 			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2008 Aug
 			2:00 	1:00	EEST	2008 Sep
 			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2011 Apr  1 12:01
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	2011 Aug  1
 			2:00	-	EET	2011 Aug 30
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	2011 Sep 30 3:00
 			2:00	-	EET
 
 # Paracel Is
 # no information
 
 # Philippines
 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01.  Robert H. van Gent has a
 # transcript of the decree in .
 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
 # rainy season begins.  See
 # .
 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
 #
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
 # but no details]
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Phil	1937	only	-	Feb	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Apr	12	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 			8:04:00 -	LMT	1899 May 11
 			8:00	Phil	PH%sT	1942 May
 			9:00	-	JST	1944 Nov
 			8:00	Phil	PH%sT
 
 # Qatar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920	# Al Dawhah / Doha
 			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
 			3:00	-	AST
 
 # Saudi Arabia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1950
 			3:00	-	AST
 
 # Singapore
 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
 # .
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
 			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
 			7:00	-	MALT	1933 Jan  1 # Malaya Time
 			7:00	0:20	MALST	1936 Jan  1
 			7:20	-	MALT	1941 Sep  1
 			7:30	-	MALT	1942 Feb 16
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
 			7:30	-	MALT	1965 Aug  9 # independence
 			7:30	-	SGT	1982 Jan  1 # Singapore Time
 			8:00	-	SGT
 
 # Spratly Is
 # no information
 
 # Sri Lanka
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
 #
 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
 # by Shamindra in
 # 
 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
 # :
 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
 #  (2006-04-13):
 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
 
 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
 # 
 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
 
 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
 #
 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
 #
 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
 # item....
 #
 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
 # adminsitrators.  In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
 #
 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
 # (that we have not known so far) then  it is better that it be used for
 # all computers.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Colombo	5:19:24 -	LMT	1880
 			5:19:32	-	MMT	1906	# Moratuwa Mean Time
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Jan  5
 			5:30	0:30	IHST	1942 Sep
 			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 16 2:00
 			5:30	-	IST	1996 May 25 0:00
 			6:30	-	LKT	1996 Oct 26 0:30
 			6:00	-	LKT	2006 Apr 15 0:30
 			5:30	-	IST
 
 # Syria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1963	1965	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1963	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1964	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1965	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1966	only	-	Apr	24	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1966	1976	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1967	1978	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1977	1978	-	Sep	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Apr	9	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Feb	16	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Oct	9	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1987	only	-	Mar	1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1987	1988	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1988	only	-	Mar	15	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1990	only	-	Apr	1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1990	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1991	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1991	1992	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1992	only	-	Apr	 8	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
 Rule	Syria	1994	1996	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1994	2005	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1997	1998	-	Mar	lastMon	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1999	2006	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
 # this year [only]....  This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
 Rule	Syria	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
 Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
 # From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
 # not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or
 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
 # 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
 # Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
 # 
 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
 # 
 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
 # 
 # which using Google's translate tools says:
 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 
 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 
 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
 Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Nov	 Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
 
 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
 # are now using:
 # Country     Time Standard   --- DST Start ---   --- DST End ---  DST
 # Name        Zone Variation   Time    Date        Time    Date
 # Variation
 # Syrian Arab
 # Republic    SY    +0200      2200  03APR08       2100  30SEP08   +0300
 #                              2200  02APR09       2100  30SEP09   +0300
 #                              2200  01APR10       2100  30SEP10   +0300
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
 # Agency (SANA)...
 # 
 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
 # My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
 # compilers can't handle  or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
 #
 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
 # clocks back 60 minutes).
 #
 # 
 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
 # 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
 # two examples:
 #
 # 
 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
 # 
 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
 # 
 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
 # 
 # (Arabic, gov-site)
 #
 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
 #
 # Our summary
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
 # 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 
 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 
 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
 # 
 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
 # 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
 # 
 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
 # 
 
 Rule	Syria	2008	only	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	2008	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	2009	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	2010	max	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	2009	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920	# Dimashq
 			2:00	Syria	EE%sT
 
 # Tajikistan
 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	DUST	1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
 			6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9 2:00s
 			5:00	-	TJT		    # Tajikistan Time
 
 # Thailand
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
 			6:42:04	-	BMT	1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
 			7:00	-	ICT
 
 # Turkmenistan
 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
 			4:00	-	ASHT	1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Oct 27 # independence
 			4:00 RussiaAsia	TM%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
 			5:00	-	TMT
 
 # United Arab Emirates
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
 			4:00	-	GST
 
 # Uzbekistan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			4:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
 			5:00	-	SAMT	1981 Apr  1
 			5:00	1:00	SAMST	1981 Oct  1
 			6:00	-	TAST	1982 Apr  1 # Tashkent Time
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	SAM%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
 			5:00	-	UZT
 Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	TAST	1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
 			6:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
 			5:00	-	UZT
 
 # Vietnam
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
 # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
 
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
 			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
 			7:00	-	ICT
 
 # Yemen
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Aden	3:00:48	-	LMT	1950
 			3:00	-	AST
diff --git a/contrib/tzdata/australasia b/contrib/tzdata/australasia
index d884cbc985ba..07b55d4911f2 100644
--- a/contrib/tzdata/australasia
+++ b/contrib/tzdata/australasia
@@ -1,1671 +1,1695 @@
 # 
-# @(#)australasia	8.29
+# @(#)australasia	8.30
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
 
 # Notes are at the end of this file
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Australia
 
 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Jan	 1	0:01	1:00	-
 Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Aus	1943	1944	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Aus	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00	1:00	-
 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944.  Ignore Whitman's claim that
 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Northern Territory
 Zone Australia/Darwin	 8:43:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			 9:00	-	CST	1899 May
 			 9:30	Aus	CST
 # Western Australia
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AW	1974	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AW	1975	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AW	1983	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AW	1984	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AW	1991	only	-	Nov	17	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AW	1992	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AW	2006	only	-	Dec	 3	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AW	2007	2009	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AW	2007	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Zone Australia/Perth	 7:43:24 -	LMT	1895 Dec
 			 8:00	Aus	WST	1943 Jul
 			 8:00	AW	WST
 Zone Australia/Eucla	 8:35:28 -	LMT	1895 Dec
 			 8:45	Aus	CWST	1943 Jul
 			 8:45	AW	CWST
 
 # Queensland
 #
 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
 # Queensland ceased to.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
 # so use Lindeman.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AQ	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AQ	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Holiday	1992	1993	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	Holiday	1993	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Zone Australia/Brisbane	10:12:08 -	LMT	1895
 			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
 			10:00	AQ	EST
 Zone Australia/Lindeman  9:55:56 -	LMT	1895
 			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
 			10:00	AQ	EST	1992 Jul
 			10:00	Holiday	EST
 
 # South Australia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AS	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AS	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AS	1987	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AS	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	1991	only	-	Mar	3	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	1992	only	-	Mar	22	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	1993	only	-	Mar	7	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	1994	only	-	Mar	20	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	2006	only	-	Apr	2	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Adelaide	9:14:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			9:00	-	CST	1899 May
 			9:30	Aus	CST	1971
 			9:30	AS	CST
 
 # Tasmania
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
 # 
 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AT	1967	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AT	1968	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AT	1968	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AT	1969	1971	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AT	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AT	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AT	1982	1983	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AT	1984	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AT	1986	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AT	1987	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AT	1987	only	-	Oct	Sun>=22	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AT	1988	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AT	1991	1999	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AT	1991	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AT	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AT	2001	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AT	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AT	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AT	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Hobart	9:49:16	-	LMT	1895 Sep
 			10:00	-	EST	1916 Oct 1 2:00
 			10:00	1:00	EST	1917 Feb
 			10:00	Aus	EST	1967
 			10:00	AT	EST
 Zone Australia/Currie	9:35:28	-	LMT	1895 Sep
 			10:00	-	EST	1916 Oct 1 2:00
 			10:00	1:00	EST	1917 Feb
 			10:00	Aus	EST	1971 Jul
 			10:00	AT	EST
 
 # Victoria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AV	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AV	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AV	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AV	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AV	1986	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AV	1988	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AV	1991	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AV	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AV	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AV	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AV	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AV	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
 			10:00	AV	EST
 
 # New South Wales
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	AN	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AN	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AN	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AN	1982	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AN	1983	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AN	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AN	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AN	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AN	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AN	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AN	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AN	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	-
 Rule	AN	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AN	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Australia/Sydney	10:04:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	Aus	EST	1971
 			10:00	AN	EST
 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	-	EST	1896 Aug 23
 			9:00	-	CST	1899 May
 			9:30	Aus	CST	1971
 			9:30	AN	CST	2000
 			9:30	AS	CST
 
 # Lord Howe Island
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	LH	1981	1984	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	LH	1982	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	LH	1985	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-
 Rule	LH	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
 Rule	LH	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00	0:30	-
 Rule	LH	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-
 Rule	LH	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	LH	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
 Rule	LH	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-
 Rule	LH	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-
 Rule	LH	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	LH	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
 Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
 Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0:30	-
 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			10:00	-	EST	1981 Mar
 			10:30	LH	LHST
 
 # Australian miscellany
 #
 # Ashmore Is, Cartier
 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
 # no times are set
 #
 # Coral Sea Is
 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
 # no times are set
 #
 # Macquarie
 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
 # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
 # like Australia/Hobart
 
 # Christmas
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Indian/Christmas	7:02:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
 			7:00	-	CXT	# Christmas Island Time
 
 # Cook Is
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Cook	1978	only	-	Nov	12	0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Cook	1979	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cook	1979	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	HS
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga	-10:39:04 -	LMT	1901		# Avarua
 			-10:30	-	CKT	1978 Nov 12	# Cook Is Time
 			-10:00	Cook	CK%sT
 
 # Cocos
 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900
 			6:30	-	CCT	# Cocos Islands Time
 
 # Fiji
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation,  Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
 # from November 29th 2009  to April 25th 2010.
 #
 # "Daylight savings to commence this month"
 # 
 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
 # 
 # or
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
 # 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
 # amendments:
 # 
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
 # 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
 #
 # Official source:
 # 
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
 # 
 #
 # A bit more background info here:
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
 # 
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 
 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 
 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
 # 
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
 # 
 # or
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
 # 
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 
 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
 #
 # 
 # www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
 # 
 # which says
 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 
 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 
 # 2am on February 26 next year.
 
 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
 #
 # 
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
 # 
 # states:
 #
 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
 # on the  23rd of October, 2011.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Fiji	1998	1999	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Fiji	1999	2000	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2009	only	-	Nov	29	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Fiji	2010	only	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2010	only	-	Oct	24	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Fiji	2011	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2011	only	-	Oct	23	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Fiji	2012	only	-	Jan	22	3:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:53:40 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26	# Suva
 			12:00	Fiji	FJ%sT	# Fiji Time
 
 # French Polynesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Gambier	 -8:59:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Rikitea
 			 -9:00	-	GAMT	# Gambier Time
 Zone	Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 -	LMT	1912 Oct
 			 -9:30	-	MART	# Marquesas Time
 Zone	Pacific/Tahiti	 -9:58:16 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Papeete
 			-10:00	-	TAHT	# Tahiti Time
 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
 # it is uninhabited.
 
 # Guam
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Guam	-14:21:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 			 9:39:00 -	LMT	1901		# Agana
 			10:00	-	GST	2000 Dec 23	# Guam
 			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time
 
 # Kiribati
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Tarawa	 11:32:04 -	LMT	1901		# Bairiki
 			 12:00	-	GILT		 # Gilbert Is Time
 Zone Pacific/Enderbury	-11:24:20 -	LMT	1901
 			-12:00	-	PHOT	1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
 			-11:00	-	PHOT	1995
 			 13:00	-	PHOT
 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati	-10:29:20 -	LMT	1901
 			-10:40	-	LINT	1979 Oct # Line Is Time
 			-10:00	-	LINT	1995
 			 14:00	-	LINT
 
 # N Mariana Is
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Saipan	-14:17:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 			 9:43:00 -	LMT	1901
 			 9:00	-	MPT	1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
 			10:00	-	MPT	2000 Dec 23
 			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time
 
 # Marshall Is
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Majuro	11:24:48 -	LMT	1901
 			11:00	-	MHT	1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
 			12:00	-	MHT
 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein	11:09:20 -	LMT	1901
 			11:00	-	MHT	1969 Oct
 			-12:00	-	KWAT	1993 Aug 20	# Kwajalein Time
 			12:00	-	MHT
 
 # Micronesia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Chuuk	10:07:08 -	LMT	1901
 			10:00	-	CHUT			# Chuuk Time
 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei	10:32:52 -	LMT	1901		# Kolonia
 			11:00	-	PONT			# Pohnpei Time
 Zone Pacific/Kosrae	10:51:56 -	LMT	1901
 			11:00	-	KOST	1969 Oct	# Kosrae Time
 			12:00	-	KOST	1999
 			11:00	-	KOST
 
 # Nauru
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Nauru	11:07:40 -	LMT	1921 Jan 15	# Uaobe
 			11:30	-	NRT	1942 Mar 15	# Nauru Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1944 Aug 15
 			11:30	-	NRT	1979 May
 			12:00	-	NRT
 
 # New Caledonia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NC	1977	1978	-	Dec	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	NC	1978	1979	-	Feb	27	0:00	0	-
 Rule	NC	1996	only	-	Dec	 1	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
 Rule	NC	1997	only	-	Mar	 2	2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Noumea	11:05:48 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13
 			11:00	NC	NC%sT
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # New Zealand
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NZ	1927	only	-	Nov	 6	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	NZ	1928	only	-	Mar	 4	2:00	0	M
 Rule	NZ	1928	1933	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00	0:30	S
 Rule	NZ	1929	1933	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	M
 Rule	NZ	1934	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	0	M
 Rule	NZ	1934	1940	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0:30	S
 Rule	NZ	1946	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	S
 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
 # convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
 Rule	NZ	1974	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Chatham	1974	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:45s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZ	1975	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Chatham	1975	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:45s	0	S
 Rule	NZ	1975	1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Chatham	1975	1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:45s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZ	1976	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Chatham	1976	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:45s	0	S
 Rule	NZ	1989	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Chatham	1989	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:45s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZ	1990	2006	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Chatham	1990	2006	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:45s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZ	1990	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Chatham	1990	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:45s	0	S
 Rule	NZ	2007	max	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Chatham	2007	max	-	Sep	lastSun	2:45s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZ	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Chatham	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:45s	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Auckland	11:39:04 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
 			11:30	NZ	NZ%sT	1946 Jan  1
 			12:00	NZ	NZ%sT
 Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:13:48 -	LMT	1957 Jan  1
 			12:45	Chatham	CHA%sT
 
 
 # Auckland Is
 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
 # and scientific personnel have wintered
 
 # Campbell I
 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
 # scientific station operated 1941/1995;
 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 
 # Niue
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Niue	-11:19:40 -	LMT	1901		# Alofi
 			-11:20	-	NUT	1951	# Niue Time
 			-11:30	-	NUT	1978 Oct 1
 			-11:00	-	NUT
 
 # Norfolk
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Norfolk	11:11:52 -	LMT	1901		# Kingston
 			11:12	-	NMT	1951	# Norfolk Mean Time
 			11:30	-	NFT		# Norfolk Time
 
 # Palau (Belau)
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Palau	8:57:56 -	LMT	1901		# Koror
 			9:00	-	PWT	# Palau Time
 
 # Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
 			9:48:32	-	PMMT	1895	# Port Moresby Mean Time
 			10:00	-	PGT		# Papua New Guinea Time
 
 # Pitcairn
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn	-8:40:20 -	LMT	1901		# Adamstown
 			-8:30	-	PNT	1998 Apr 27 00:00
 			-8:00	-	PST	# Pitcairn Standard Time
 
 # American Samoa
 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago	 12:37:12 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 			-11:22:48 -	LMT	1911
 			-11:30	-	SAMT	1950		# Samoa Time
 			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr	# N=Nome
 			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30	# B=Bering
 			-11:00	-	SST			# S=Samoa
 
 # Samoa
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
 # the following info:
 #
 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
 # Sunday of April 2011."
 #
 # Background info:
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
 # 
 #
 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
 # contain any dates:
 # 
 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
 # 
 
 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
 # Please see
 # 
 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws
 # ,
 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
 
 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
 # I believe this will be posted shortly on the website
 # 
 # www.mcil.gov.ws
 # 
 #
 # PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME
 #
 # Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision,
 # businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight
 # saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11).
 #
 # The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes
 # the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011,
 # then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be
 # adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
 #
 # Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,
 # INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011
 
 # From David Zuelke (2011-05-09):
 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
 # 
 # 
 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
 # 
 
 # From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17):
 # I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law
 # Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she
 # confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather
 # than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But
 # the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa
 # changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13:
 #
 # International Date Line Bill 2011
 #
 # AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make
 # consequential amendments to the position of the International Date
 # Line, and for related purposes.
 #
 # BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament
 # assembled as follows:
 #
 # 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the
 # International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act
 # commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3)
 # Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State.
 #
 # [snip]
 #
 # 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any
 # other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the
 # time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time.
 #
 # 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa
 # standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated
 # Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's
 # time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and
 # instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to
 # Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this
 # Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that
 # it defines Samoa standard time....
 
 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
 # 
 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
 # 
 #
 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
 #
 # DST
 # Year	End	Time	Start	Time
 # 2011	- - -	- - -	24 September	3:00am to 4:00am
 # 2012	01 April	4:00am to 3:00am	- - -	- - -
 #
 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
 # Thursday 29th December 2011	23:59:59 Hours
 # Saturday 31st December 2011	00:00:00 Hours
+#
+# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03):
+# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012
+# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on
+# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below.
 Zone Pacific/Apia	 12:33:04 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
 			-11:26:56 -	LMT	1911
 			-11:30	-	SAMT	1950		# Samoa Time
 			-11:00	-	WST	2010 Sep 26
 			-11:00	1:00	WSDT	2011 Apr 2 4:00
 			-11:00	-	WST	2011 Sep 24 3:00
 			-11:00	1:00	WSDT	2011 Dec 30
 			 13:00	1:00	WSDT	2012 Apr 1 4:00
 			 13:00	-	WST
 
 # Solomon Is
 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct	# Honiara
 			11:00	-	SBT	# Solomon Is Time
 
 # Tokelau Is
+#
+# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
+# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
+# December 31 this year, thereby changing its time zone from UTC-10 to
+# UTC+14. When I tried to verify this statement, I found a confirming
+# article in Time magazine online
+# 
+# (http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2103243,00.html).
+# 
+#
+# From Jonathan Leffler (2011-12-29)
+# Information from the BBC to the same effect:
+# 
+# http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16351377
+# 
+#
+# Patch supplied by Tim Parenti (2011-12-29)
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Fakaofo	-11:24:56 -	LMT	1901
-			-10:00	-	TKT	# Tokelau Time
+			-10:00	-	TKT 2011 Dec 30	# Tokelau Time
+			14:00	-	TKT
 
 # Tonga
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Tonga	1999	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tonga	2000	only	-	Mar	19	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Tonga	2000	2001	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Tonga	2001	2002	-	Jan	lastSun	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu	12:19:20 -	LMT	1901
 			12:20	-	TOT	1941 # Tonga Time
 			13:00	-	TOT	1999
 			13:00	Tonga	TO%sT
 
 # Tuvalu
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
 			12:00	-	TVT	# Tuvalu Time
 
 
 # US minor outlying islands
 
 # Howland, Baker
 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
 # uninhabited thereafter.
 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;
 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
 # until they were abandoned after the war.
 
 # Jarvis
 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
 # uninhabited thereafter.
 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
 
 # Johnston
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Johnston	-10:00	-	HST
 
 # Kingman
 # uninhabited
 
 # Midway
 #
 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast.  As it uses some time zone
 # designations that I've never seen before:....
 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I.   H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
 #  "   3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A  "
 #
 Zone Pacific/Midway	-11:49:28 -	LMT	1901
 			-11:00	-	NST	1956 Jun  3
 			-11:00	1:00	NDT	1956 Sep  2
 			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr	# N=Nome
 			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30	# B=Bering
 			-11:00	-	SST			# S=Samoa
 
 # Palmyra
 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
 
 # Wake
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Wake	11:06:28 -	LMT	1901
 			12:00	-	WAKT	# Wake Time
 
 
 # Vanuatu
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Vanuatu	1983	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Vanuatu	1984	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=23	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Vanuatu	1984	only	-	Oct	23	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Vanuatu	1985	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=23	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Vanuatu	1992	1993	-	Jan	Sun>=23	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Vanuatu	1992	only	-	Oct	Sun>=23	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13		# Vila
 			11:00	Vanuatu	VU%sT	# Vanuatu Time
 
 # Wallis and Futuna
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 			12:00	-	WFT	# Wallis & Futuna Time
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # NOTES
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
 #
 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
 #
 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #		std dst
 #		LMT	Local Mean Time
 #	  8:00	WST WST	Western Australia
 #	  8:45	CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
 #	  9:00	JST	Japan
 #	  9:30	CST CST	Central Australia
 #	 10:00	EST EST	Eastern Australia
 #	 10:00	ChST	Chamorro
 #	 10:30	LHST LHST Lord Howe*
 #	 11:30	NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
 #	 12:00	NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
 #	 12:45	CHAST CHADT Chatham*
 #	-11:00	SST	Samoa
 #	-10:00	HST	Hawaii
 #	- 8:00	PST	Pitcairn*
 #
 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Australia
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
 # 
 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
 #  summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
 # 
 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
 #  covers New South Wales in particular.
 
 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
 # It is called `summer' time.  Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
 # abbreviation does _not_ change...
 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
 # time'.
 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
 # or `Eastern Summer Time'.  (Note, though, that as I say in the
 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.)  Announcers
 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
 #	CST	for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
 #	WST	for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
 #	EST	for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
 
 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
 # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
 # 
 # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
 # 
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
 # versus "AEST" etc.:
 #
 # I see the following points of dispute:
 #
 # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
 #
 #   Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
 #   Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
 #   operation of software.  We have other instances of ambiguity
 #   (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
 #   Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
 #   In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
 #   abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
 #   think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
 #
 #   On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
 #   abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion.  This is
 #   particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
 #   time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
 #
 # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
 #
 #   Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
 #   many other countries.  We Americans are currently disagreeing about
 #   which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
 #   Time, for example.
 #
 #   Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
 #   refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
 #   tiebreaker.
 #
 # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
 #   Summer Time"?  Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
 #   the word "Australian"?
 #
 #   My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
 #   common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
 #   popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
 #   often than not.  I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
 #   following count of page hits:
 #
 #     1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
 #       971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
 #       613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
 #       127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
 #
 #   Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
 #   particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
 #   say.  The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
 #   Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
 #
 #   For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
 #   ambiguity.  Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
 #   many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones.  But here
 #   are the hit counts anyway:
 #
 #     161,304 "EST" and domain:au
 #      25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
 #      18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
 #      10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
 #
 #      14,538 "CST" and domain:au
 #       5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
 #         176 "ACST" and domain:au
 #          29 "ACDT" and domain:au
 #
 #       7,539 "WST" and domain:au
 #          68 "AWST" and domain:au
 #
 #   This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
 #   practice.  The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
 #   the ambiguities involved.
 #
 # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
 #
 #   If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
 #   against.  One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
 #   saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
 #   understood in Australia.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
 
 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
 #
 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
 # relevant entries in this database.
 #
 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
 # 
 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
 # 
 # ACT
 # 
 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
 # 
 # SA
 # 
 # Standard Time Act, 1898
 # 
 
 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
 # to extend DST together in 2006.
 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
 # allude to it.
 # But not Queensland
 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
 
 # Northern Territory
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY..  [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
 # #					[ Nov 1990 ]
 # #	N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
 # ...
 # Zone        Australia/North         9:30    -       CST
 
 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
 
 # Western Australia
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #  The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA..  [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
 # #						[ Nov 1990 ]
 # #	W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
 # #	DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
 # #	usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
 # #	before reaching parliament.
 # ...
 # Zone	Australia/West		8:00	AW	%sST
 # ...
 # Rule	AW	1974	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	AW	1975	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	W
 # Rule	AW	1983	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	AW	1984	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	W
 
 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
 
 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
 # work at 9.00am.)
 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
 # everybody again.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
 # it matches what was used in the past.
 
 # 
 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
 #  (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
 
 # Queensland
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #   The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
 # #						[ Dec 1990 ]
 # ...
 # Zone	Australia/Queensland	10:00	AQ	%sST
 # ...
 # Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	E
 # Rule	AQ	1989	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	AQ	1990	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	E
 
 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
 # October 1989).
 
 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
 
 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
 # end on Sunday, 3 March.  I don't know at what hour, though.  (It surprised
 # me.)
 
 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
 # ...
 # Rule	QLD	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	QLD	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	S
 # ...
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
 
 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
 # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
 # WA are trialing DST for three years.
 # 
 
 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
 # southern coast....  South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
 # Australia does not.  The two states are one and a half hours apart.  The
 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
 # Australia and Western Australia....
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
 # This is confirmed by the section entitled
 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in
 # .
 #
 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
 # coast of the continent.
 #
 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
 # the largest population centre in this zone....
 #
 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
 #
 # (2006-12-09):
 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
 # of this time zone.  My hunch is that it's been around since well
 # before 1975.  I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
 # introduction of standard time in 1895.
 
 
 # southeast Australia
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
 
 
 # South Australia
 
 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #   The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
 # #						[ Nov 1990 ]
 # ...
 # Zone	Australia/South		9:30	AS	%sST
 # ...
 # Rule	 AS	1971	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	 AS	1972	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	C
 # Rule	 AS	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	3:00	0	C
 # Rule	 AS	1991	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	C
 
 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
 # contained the following exchange:  "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
 
 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
 # numbered year (from 1990).  That's when the Adelaide Festival
 # is on...
 
 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
 
 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
 
 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
 
 # Tasmania
 
 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #  The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
 # #					[ Nov 1990 ]
 
 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
 # (but nothing new about that).
 
 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
 # instead of the first Sunday in October.
 
 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
 
 # Victoria
 
 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # #   The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
 # #						[ Nov 1990 ]
 
 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
 # interesting story about daylight savings time.  Dr. John Heilbron was
 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
 # in Melbourne, Australia.
 #
 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
 # fallen WWI soldiers.  And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
 # expected time.
 #
 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?).  Perhaps
 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
 #
 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
 
 # New South Wales
 
 # From Arthur David Olson:
 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
 # Based on law library research by John Mackin,
 # who notes:
 #	In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
 #	individual states.  Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
 #	[I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
 #	use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
 #	legislation.  This is very important to understand.
 #	I have researched New South Wales time only...
 
 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
 # October in 2000.  [See: Matthew Moore,
 # 
 # Two months more daylight saving
 # 
 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
 # See the following official NSW source:
 # 
 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
 # 
 #
 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
 # daylight saving next year.  See:
 # 
 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
 #  (1999-07-22).  For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
 #
 # Victoria will following NSW.  See:
 # 
 # Vic to extend daylight saving
 #  (1999-07-28).
 #
 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request.  See:
 # 
 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
 #  (1999-07-19).
 #
 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics.  See:
 # 
 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
 #  (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
 #
 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000.  See:
 # 
 # Broken Hill to be behind the times
 #  (1999-07-21).
 
 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
 
 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
 # towns to use Queensland time.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
 
 # Yancowinna
 
 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # # YANCOWINNA..  [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
 # #					[ Dec 1990 ]
 # ...
 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
 # # presently available.
 # Zone	Australia/Yancowinna	9:30	 AY	%sST
 # ...
 # Rule	 AY	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	 AY	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	C
 # [followed by other Rules]
 
 # Lord Howe Island
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # LHI...		[ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
 #					[ Dec 1990 ]
 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
 # hour ahead of NSW time.
 
 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27).  For your information the
 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
 # instead of only 30 minutes.  [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
 # arrangements.  The starting date for summer time on the Island will
 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
 
 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
 # Lonergan thereafter.  For times we use Lonergan.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 
 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 
 # summer (southern hemisphere).
 # 
 # From
 # 
 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
 # 
 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 
 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 
 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 
 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 
 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
 # 
 # We have a wrap-up here:
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
 # 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # New Zealand
 
 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
 
 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
 # # The Country of New Zealand   (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
 # #				   or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
 # #	[ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
 # #				[ Nov 1990 ]
 # ...
 # Rule	NZ      1974    1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	NZ	1989	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	NZ      1975    1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	S
 # Rule	NZ	1990	max	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	S
 # ...
 # Zone	NZ			12:00	NZ		NZ%sT	# New Zealand
 # Zone	NZ-CHAT			12:45	-		NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
 # rather than the October 1 value.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
 #
 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
 
 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
 # first Sunday in April.  The changes take effect this year, meaning
 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 
 # Fiji
 
 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
 
 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28.  Each year the DST period will
 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time.  Go with McDow.
 
 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.  But correspondents say it
 # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
 # millenium.
 
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
 
 # Johnston
 
 # Johnston data is from usno1995.
 
 
 # Kiribati
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
 # ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
 
 
 # Kwajalein
 
 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
 # 1993-08-20.  Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
 
 
 # N Mariana Is, Guam
 
 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
 # see Asia/Manila.
 
 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time".  There is no official abbreviation,
 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
 
 
 # Micronesia
 
 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
 # 
 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
 #  (1999-01-26)
 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
 
 
 # Midway
 
 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
 #  (2002-12-31):
 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
 # Saving Time.  This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
 # your time down there in New Zealand.  Starting September 2, 1956
 # we'll again go back to Standard Time.  This'll mean that we'll go to
 # air at 6am your time.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
 # started DST on June 3.  Possibly DST was observed other years
 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
 
 
 # Pitcairn
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time.  The Proclamation is as follows.
 #
 #	The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
 #	Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
 #	as Pitcairn Standard Time.
 #
 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
 # ... at midnight.
 
 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
 
 
 # Samoa
 
 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
 
 
 # Tonga
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
 
 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
 # 
 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
 # :
 
 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT.  When New Zealand adjusted its
 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
 #
 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
 #
 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
 # minutes we have lost?"
 #
 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
 # to say your prayers in the morning."
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
 
 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
 # Government.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November
 #
 # I was given this link by John Letts:
 # 
 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
 # 
 #
 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
 # (12 + 1 hour DST).
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
 # According to 
 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
 # :
 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
 # third Saturday of April.  Under the system approved by Privy Council on
 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
 # set back an hour on the closing date."
 # Alas, no indication of the time of day.
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
 # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
 
 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
 
 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am.  At 2:00am on the last Sunday
 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
 # hour to 1:00am.
 
 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed.  It wasn't.
 
 
 # Wake
 
 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
 #
 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ...  The time was all the
 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays.  Furthermore, we
 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
 # impossible.
 #
 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # The International Date Line
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
 #
 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
 # convention, or treaty.  Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
 #
 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati.  Even that line
 # has a rather arbitrary nature.  The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC.  And, since the IDL is not
 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
 # correct date is ambiguous.
 
 # From Wikipedia  (2005-08-31):
 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon).  During 1917, at the
 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
 # on the high seas.  Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
 # nation it would use that nation's standard time.  The captain was permitted
 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
 # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight.  These zones were
 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
 # independent merchant ships until World War II.
 
 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
 # (2005-03-20):
 #
 # The American Practical Navigator (2002)
 # 
 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.
diff --git a/contrib/tzdata/europe b/contrib/tzdata/europe
index 8230b5ef3fa8..fceb4103520c 100644
--- a/contrib/tzdata/europe
+++ b/contrib/tzdata/europe
@@ -1,2851 +1,2857 @@
 # 
-# @(#)europe	8.40
+# @(#)europe	8.41
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
 #
 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
 #
 # Other sources occasionally used include:
 #
 #	Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 #	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
 #	which I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 #	
 #	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
 #	 (1914-03)
 #
 #	Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
 #	
 #	History of Summer Time
 #	 (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
 
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #                   std dst  2dst
 #                   LMT           Local Mean Time
 #       -4:00       AST ADT       Atlantic
 #       -3:00       WGT WGST      Western Greenland*
 #       -1:00       EGT EGST      Eastern Greenland*
 #        0:00       GMT BST  BDST Greenwich, British Summer
 #        0:00       GMT IST       Greenwich, Irish Summer
 #        0:00       WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
 #        0:19:32.13 AMT NST       Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
 #        0:20       NET NEST      Netherlands (1937-1940)*
 #        1:00       CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
 #        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*
 #        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe
 #        3:00       MSK MSD       Moscow
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 
 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
 # ...
 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
 # ...
 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
 # in the Directive.
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
 
 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
 #
 # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
 # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
 # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
 # of the text said:
 #
 # `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
 # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
 # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
 # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
 # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
 # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
 # along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
 #
 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
 # position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
 # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
 #
 # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
 #
 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
 # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
 # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
 # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
 # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
 # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
 # (though not all) railways used London time.  On 1847-09-22 the
 # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
 # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
 # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
 # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
 # railways as using GMT.  By 1855 the vast majority of public
 # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
 # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
 # one for local time and one for GMT).  The last major holdout was the legal
 # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
 # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
 # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
 # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
 #
 # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
 # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01.  We don't know as much
 # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
 # Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
 # who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
 # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
 # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
 # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
 # subscription and open to the public.  On the south face of the monolith,
 # designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial,
 # which is permanently set to Summer Time.
 
 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
 # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
 # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
 # foundations of civilization throughout the world.
 #	-- 
 #	"A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
 #	
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
 #
 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
 
 # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
 # From: Jonathan Leffler
 # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
 # politics making a fortune, not computing.
 
 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
 # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
 # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time.  Look for the published
 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
 
 # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
 # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
 # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
 # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
 
 # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
 # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
 # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
 # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
 # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png
 
 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
 # which is to be introduced in May....
 # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
 # which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common
 # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
 # so we use `BDST'.
 
 # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
 # and extending this list, which can be found in
-# 
+# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
+# 
 # History of legal time in Britain
 # 
+# Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer
+# exists, and the article can now be found at:
+# 
+# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
+# 
 
 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
 #
 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech
 # 
 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
 # .
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 #
 # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
 #
 # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
 # are incorrect:
 #     * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
 #	1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
 #     * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
 # It actually just had one transition.
 #     * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
 # Actually, it conformed to Britain.
 #     * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
 #
 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
 #     * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
 #	to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
 #	conform with Great Britain.
 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
 #
 # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
 # we'll ignore it for now.
 #     * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
 #
 #
 # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
 # Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
 # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
 # to London.  For example:
 #
 #   "Timeball on the ballast office is down.  Dunsink time."
 #   -- James Joyce, Ulysses
 
 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
 # Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie.  These include
 # various relating to legal time, for example:
 #
 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
 #
 # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
 # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
 #
 # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
 # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
 # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
 #
 # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
 # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
 # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
 #
 # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
 # .]
 #
 # (These are those I found, but there could be more.  In any case these
 # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
 # the laws applicable in Ireland.)
 #
 # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
 # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
 # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
 # being GMT+1.)
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
 # Clive Feather (, 1997-03-31)
 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
 # Julian Hill (, 1998-09-30) reports that
 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
 # and Frethun run in CT.
 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
 
 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Summer Time Act, 1916
 Rule	GB-Eire	1916	only	-	May	21	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
 Rule	GB-Eire	1917	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
 Rule	GB-Eire	1918	only	-	Mar	24	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1918	only	-	Sep	30	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
 Rule	GB-Eire	1919	only	-	Mar	30	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1919	only	-	Sep	29	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
 Rule	GB-Eire	1920	only	-	Mar	28	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
 Rule	GB-Eire	1920	only	-	Oct	25	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
 Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
 Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Mar	26	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	2:00s	0	GMT
 # The Summer Time Act, 1922
 Rule	GB-Eire	1923	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1923	1924	-	Sep	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT
 Rule	GB-Eire	1924	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1925	1926	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # The Summer Time Act, 1925
 Rule	GB-Eire	1925	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
 Rule	GB-Eire	1927	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1928	1929	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1930	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1931	1932	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1933	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1934	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1935	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1936	1937	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1938	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
 Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Nov	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT
 # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
 Rule	GB-Eire	1940	only	-	Feb	Sun>=23	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
 Rule	GB-Eire	1941	only	-	May	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1941	1943	-	Aug	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST
 # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
 Rule	GB-Eire	1942	1944	-	Apr	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
 # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
 Rule	GB-Eire	1944	only	-	Sep	Sun>=16	1:00s	1:00	BST
 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
 Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Apr	Mon>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Jul	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST
 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
 Rule	GB-Eire	1945	1946	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
 Rule	GB-Eire	1946	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # The Summer Time Act, 1947
 Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Mar	16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Apr	13	1:00s	2:00	BDST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Aug	10	1:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Nov	 2	2:00s	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1948	only	-	Oct	31	2:00s	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1949	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1949	only	-	Oct	30	2:00s	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
 # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
 # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1952	-	Apr	Sun>=14	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1952	-	Oct	Sun>=21	2:00s	0	GMT
 # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
 Rule	GB-Eire	1953	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1953	1960	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
 Rule	GB-Eire	1954	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1955	1956	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1957	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1958	1959	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1960	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
 # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
 # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1963	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
 # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
 # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
 # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1964	1967	-	Mar	Sun>=19	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1968	only	-	Feb	18	2:00s	1:00	BST
 # The British Standard Time Act, 1968
 #	(no summer time)
 # The Summer Time Act, 1972
 Rule	GB-Eire	1972	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire	1972	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
 # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
 # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
 # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
 Rule	GB-Eire	1981	1995	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	1:00	BST
 Rule	GB-Eire 1981	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00u	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
 Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00u	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
 # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1 0:00s
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
 			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
 			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
 Link	Europe/London	Europe/Jersey
 Link	Europe/London	Europe/Guernsey
 Link	Europe/London	Europe/Isle_of_Man
 Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:00 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
 			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21 2:00
 			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1 2:00s
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1921 Dec  6 # independence
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1940 Feb 25 2:00
 			 0:00	1:00	IST	1946 Oct  6 2:00
 			 0:00	-	GMT	1947 Mar 16 2:00
 			 0:00	1:00	IST	1947 Nov  2 2:00
 			 0:00	-	GMT	1948 Apr 18 2:00
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1968 Oct 27
 			 1:00	-	IST	1971 Oct 31 2:00u
 			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1996
 			 0:00	EU	GMT/IST
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Europe
 
 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
 # Common Market, etc.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	EU	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	EU	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule	EU	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule	EU	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 Rule	EU	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	EU	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002.  See:
 # 
 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
 # 
 
 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
 Rule	W-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	W-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	W-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	W-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	W-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	W-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
 
 # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
 # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
 Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1940	only	-	Apr	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Oct	 2	 2:00s	0	-
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
 #
 # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
 # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
 # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the
 # tz database itself, as seen below:
 #
 # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15  0:01
 #    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16  3:00
 #
 # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
 #    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
 #
 # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
 #    1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16  2:00s
 #
 # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16  3:00 0 -
 # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -
 # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
 #
 # The rule line to be changed is:
 #
 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00 0 -
 #
 # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
 # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time.  However there are no
 # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
 # affected are apparently these ficticious zones that translates acronyms
 # CET and MET:
 #
 # Zone CET  1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
 # Zone MET  1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
 #
 # It this is right then the corrected version would look like:
 #
 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -
 #
 # A small step for mankind though 8-)
 Rule	C-Eur	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	C-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	C-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 
 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
 Rule	E-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	E-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	E-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	E-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	E-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST	# Moscow Summer Time
 Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT	# Moscow Mean Time
 Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST	# Moscow Double Summer Time
 Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	1:00	MST
 Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	MDST
 Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
 Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Russia	1981	1983	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
 # Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
 Rule	Russia	1984	1991	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Russia	1985	1991	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 #
 Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Mar	lastSat	 23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Russia	1992	only	-	Sep	lastSat	 23:00	0	-
 Rule	Russia	1993	2010	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Russia	1993	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Russia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
 # 
 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 
 # 
 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
 # 
 # 
 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
 # 
 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
 # 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
 # to be standard.
 
 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	WET		0:00	EU	WE%sT
 Zone	CET		1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT
 Zone	MET		1:00	C-Eur	ME%sT
 Zone	EET		2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
 # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
 
 # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
 # The official German names ... are
 #
 #	Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ)         = UTC+01:00
 #	Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ)  = UTC+02:00
 #
 # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
 #
 #	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
 #	Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
 #	Postfach 3345
 #	D-38023 Braunschweig
 #	phone: +49 531 592-0
 #
 # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
 # department for time and frequency transmission.  He explained that the
 # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
 #
 #	Central European Time (CET)         = UTC+01:00
 #	Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
 
 
 # Albania
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Albania	1940	only	-	Jun	16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Apr	10	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	May	 8	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Apr	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Albania	1984	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Tirane	1:19:20 -	LMT	1914
 			1:00	-	CET	1940 Jun 16
 			1:00	Albania	CE%sT	1984 Jul
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Andorra
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Andorra	0:06:04 -	LMT	1901
 			0:00	-	WET	1946 Sep 30
 			1:00	-	CET	1985 Mar 31 2:00
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Austria
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
 # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
 # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
 # date of 1945-04-12 with no time.  For the 1980-04-06 transition
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV,
 # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Sep	13	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Austria	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1946	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Austria	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:20 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1920
 			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1 2:00s
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
 			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Apr 12 2:00s
 			1:00	-	CET	1946
 			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Belarus
 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
 # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
 #
 # Sources (Russian language):
 # 1.
 # 
 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
 # 
 # 2.
 # 
 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
 # 
 # 3.
 # 
 # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
 # 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
 			1:50	-	MMT	1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 28
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul  3
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
 			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
 			2:00	-	EET	1992 Mar 29 0:00s
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1992 Sep 27 0:00s
 			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
 
 # Belgium
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
 #	Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
 #	Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
 #	(Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
 #	pp 8-9.
 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
 #	Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Belgium	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1918	1919	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Oct	25	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1922	1927	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
 # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
 # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
 # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
 # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
 Rule	Belgium	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1928	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1929	only	-	Apr	21	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1930	only	-	Apr	13	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1931	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1932	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1933	only	-	Mar	26	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1934	only	-	Apr	 8	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1935	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1936	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1937	only	-	Apr	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1938	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Apr	16	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1944	only	-	Sep	17	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	May	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	 2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880
 			0:17:30	-	BMT	1892 May  1 12:00 # Brussels MT
 			0:00	-	WET	1914 Nov  8
 			1:00	-	CET	1916 May  1  0:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Nov 11 11:00u
 			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 20  2:00s
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep  3
 			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Bosnia and Herzegovina
 # see Serbia
 
 # Bulgaria
 #
 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
 # EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
 # EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Mar	31	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Bulg	1980	only	-	Sep	29	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Bulg	1981	only	-	Sep	27	 2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Sofia	1:33:16 -	LMT	1880
 			1:56:56	-	IMT	1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
 			2:00	-	EET	1942 Nov  2  3:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			1:00	-	CET	1945 Apr 2 3:00
 			2:00	-	EET	1979 Mar 31 23:00
 			2:00	Bulg	EE%sT	1982 Sep 26  2:00
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Croatia
 # see Serbia
 
 # Cyprus
 # Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
 
 # Czech Republic
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Czech	1946	only	-	May	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Czech	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Czech	1947	only	-	Apr	20	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Czech	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Czech	1949	only	-	Apr	 9	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Prague	0:57:44 -	LMT	1850
 			0:57:44	-	PMT	1891 Oct     # Prague Mean Time
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 17 2:00s
 			1:00	Czech	CE%sT	1979
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
 # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
 # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
 #
 # The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
 #
 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
 # in subsequenet decrees with the law
 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
 #
 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980.  I have
 # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
 # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
 # 1980-09-28 at 02:00.  If this is true, this differs slightly from
 # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00.  We don't know
 # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
 # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
 # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
 # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
 # was suspended on that night):
 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
 # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
 # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
 # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	Sep	30	23:00	0	-
 Rule	Denmark	1940	only	-	May	15	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Aug	15	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	May	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	Sep	 1	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	May	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	May	 9	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	Aug	 8	 2:00s	0	-
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Copenhagen	 0:50:20 -	LMT	1890
 			 0:50:20 -	CMT	1894 Jan  1 # Copenhagen MT
 			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
 			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
 			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1980
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
 			 0:00	-	WET	1981
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
 # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
 # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
 # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01.  It therefore should have been using EU
 # rules at least through 1984.  Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab
 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
 # rules since at least 1991.  Assume EU rules since 1980.
 
 # From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing
 #  (2001-03-15),
 # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
 #
 # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
 # is according to the following time line:
 #
 # The military zone near Thule	UTC-4
 # Standard Greenland time	UTC-3
 # Scoresbysund			UTC-1
 # Danmarkshavn			UTC
 #
 # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
 # introduced.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
 #
 # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
 # the time to clarify the situation in Thule.  Unfortunately, I have
 # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter.  [But I have
 # info from earlier correspondence.]
 #
 # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
 # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
 # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
 #
 # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
 # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
 # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
 # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
 # email.  The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
 # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
 # DPC research station at Zackenberg.
 #
 # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
 # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab).
 #
 # The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it
 # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
 #
 # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
 # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
 # maintaining traffic in these areas.  However, the official status of
 # this area is that it sticks with Godthab time.  This area might be
 # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
 # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
 # there at 2:00 AM.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
 # the 1995 map as like Godthab.
 # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.
 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
 			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
 			-3:00	EU	WG%sT	1996
 			0:00	-	GMT
 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
 			-2:00	-	CGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
 			-2:00	C-Eur	CG%sT	1981 Mar 29
 			-1:00	EU	EG%sT
 Zone America/Godthab	-3:26:56 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
 			-3:00	-	WGT	1980 Apr  6 2:00
 			-3:00	EU	WG%sT
 Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
 			-4:00	Thule	A%sT
 
 # Estonia
 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
 #
 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
 # ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
 # human physiology.  It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
 # summer time next spring.''
 
 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
 # 
 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
 # 
 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
 #
 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
 
 # From The Baltic Times (1999-09-09)
 # via Steffen Thorsen:
 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
 # Union are still unclear.  In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
 # for all member states until 2001.  Brussels has yet to decide what to do
 # after that.
 
 # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
 # Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
 # no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
 # the year round.  The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
 
 # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
 # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
 # Now we are using again EU rules.
 #
 # From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28):
 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
 			1:39:00	-	TMT	1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1919 Jul
 			1:39:00	-	TMT	1921 May
 			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  6
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 15
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 22
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26 2:00s
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep 24 2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998 Sep 22
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	1999 Nov  1
 			2:00	-	EET	2002 Feb 21
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Finland
 
 # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
 # and it's supposed to change at 4am...
 
 # From Janne Snabb (2010-0715):
 #
 # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
 # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
 # earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
 # according to the central European standards.
 #
 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
 # Finnish) at
 #
 # 
 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
 # 
 #
 # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
 # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
 #
 # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
 #
 # 
 # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
 # 
 #
 # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
 # exist tonight."
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Helsinki	1:39:52 -	LMT	1878 May 31
 			1:39:52	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
 			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1983
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Aaland Is
 Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn
 
 
 # France
 
 # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
 #
 # Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
 # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
 #
 # Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
 # Paris, 1991
 #
 # Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
 # Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987
 
 
 #
 # Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	France	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1921	only	-	Oct	25	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
 # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
 # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
 # were Apr 12 and Oct 5.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	France	1922	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1923	only	-	May	26	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1930	only	-	Apr	12	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1933	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
 # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
 # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
 # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
-# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes,
+# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
 # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
 # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
-# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe).
+# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
 Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
 # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
 # who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
 Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	2:00	M
 Rule	France	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	2:00	M
 Rule	France	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00	2:00	M
 Rule	France	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	2:00	M
 Rule	France	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 3:00	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
 # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
 Rule	France	1976	only	-	Mar	28	 1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1976	only	-	Sep	26	 1:00	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
 # Go with Howse.  Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
 			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11  0:01  # Paris MT
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
 			0:00	France	WE%sT	1940 Jun 14 23:00
 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 25
 			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16  3:00
 			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Germany
 
 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
 
 # From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
 # 
 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
 # 
 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
 # 
 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
 # this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Germany	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
 # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Go with the PTB.
 Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	3:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	May	11	2:00s	2:00	M
 Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Jun	29	3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Germany	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Germany	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S
 
 Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
 Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S
 Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Berlin	0:53:28 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May 24 2:00
 			1:00 SovietZone	CE%sT	1946
 			1:00	Germany	CE%sT	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Georgia
 # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
 # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
 # is in Europe.  Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
 
 # Gibraltar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2 0:00s
 			0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1957 Apr 14 2:00
 			1:00	-	CET	1982
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Greece
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Greece	1941	only	-	Apr	 7	0:00	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Greece	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Apr	12	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Nov	26	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Apr	11	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Oct	10	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1977	only	-	Sep	26	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1978	only	-	Sep	24	4:00	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Apr	 1	9:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Sep	29	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Athens	1:34:52 -	LMT	1895 Sep 14
 			1:34:52	-	AMT	1916 Jul 28 0:01     # Athens MT
 			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1941 Apr 30
 			1:00	Greece	CE%sT	1944 Apr  4
 			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1981
 			# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
 			# go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Hungary
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Apr	 1	 3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Sep	29	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Apr	15	 3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1919	only	-	Sep	15	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	 3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	May	 1	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	Nov	 3	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1946	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=4	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1950	only	-	Oct	23	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	May	23	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1954	1955	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1956	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1957	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Hungary	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	 1:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Budapest	1:16:20 -	LMT	1890 Oct
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918
 			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1941 Apr  6  2:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1980 Sep 28  2:00s
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Iceland
 #
 # From Adam David (1993-11-06):
 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
 #
 # (1993-12-05):
 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
 # Iceland Almanak.
 #
 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
 #
 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland.  The first day of winter is always
 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
 #
 # (1993-12-10):
 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
 #	the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
 #	(old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
 # might mean something else (???).
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points.
 # We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely
 # that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Iceland	1917	1918	-	Feb	19	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Iceland	1917	only	-	Oct	21	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1918	only	-	Nov	16	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Apr	29	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Nov	29	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Nov	 3	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Mar	 2	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Iceland	1941	only	-	Nov	 2	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Mar	 8	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Iceland	1942	only	-	Oct	25	 1:00s	0	-
 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
 Rule	Iceland	1943	1946	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Iceland	1943	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
 Rule	Iceland	1947	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
 # 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
 Rule	Iceland	1949	only	-	Oct	30	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1950	1966	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Iceland	1967	only	-	Oct	29	 1:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:27:24 -	LMT	1837
 			-1:27:48 -	RMT	1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
 			-1:00	Iceland	IS%sT	1968 Apr 7 1:00s
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Italy
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
 # so record only the time in Rome.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
 # F. Pollastri
 # 
 # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
 # 
 # (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
 #
 # year	FP	Shanks&P. (S)	Whitman (W)	Go with:
 # 1916	06-03	06-03 24:00	06-03 00:00	FP & W
 #	09-30	09-30 24:00	09-30 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
 # 1917	04-01	03-31 24:00	03-31 00:00	FP & S
 #	09-30	09-29 24:00	09-30 01:00	FP & W
 # 1918	03-09	03-09 24:00	03-09 00:00	FP & S
 #	10-06	10-05 24:00	10-06 01:00	FP & W
 # 1919	03-01	03-01 24:00	03-01 00:00	FP & S
 #	10-04	10-04 24:00	10-04 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
 # 1920	03-20	03-20 24:00	03-20 00:00	FP & S
 #	09-18	09-18 24:00	10-01 01:00	FP; guess 24:00s
 # 1944	04-02	04-03 02:00			S (see C-Eur)
 #	09-16	10-02 03:00			FP; guess 24:00s
 # 1945	09-14	09-16 24:00			FP; guess 24:00s
 # 1970	05-21	05-31 00:00			S
 #	09-20	09-27 00:00			S
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Mar	10	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1918	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Mar	 2	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Mar	21	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Sep	19	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1940	only	-	Jun	15	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1944	only	-	Sep	17	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Sep	15	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Mar	17	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Mar	16	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Feb	29	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1966	1968	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1966	1969	-	Sep	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1969	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	May	31	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1971	1972	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1971	only	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1972	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1973	1974	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1974	only	-	May	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1975	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1975	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1976	only	-	May	30	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1977	1979	-	May	Sun>=22	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Italy	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Italy	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Rome	0:49:56 -	LMT	1866 Sep 22
 			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Nov  1 0:00s # Rome Mean
 			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul
 			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/Vatican
 Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/San_Marino
 
 # Latvia
 
 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
 
 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
 #
 # Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
 # according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
 #
 # Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
 # according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
 # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
 #
 # Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
 # according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
 # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
 # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
 # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward.  The end of
 # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
 # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
 #
 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
 # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
 
 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
 # 
 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
 # 29-Feb-2000 (#79), in Latvian for subscribers only).
 
 # 
 # From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
 # 
 # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
 # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
 # clocks one hour in the spring....
 # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
 # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
 # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
 # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
 # appears that they will not do so....
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Riga	1:36:24	-	LMT	1880
 			1:36:24	-	RMT	1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
 			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
 			1:36:24	-	RMT	1919 Apr  1 2:00
 			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1919 May 22 3:00
 			1:36:24	-	RMT	1926 May 11
 			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  5
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jul
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct 13
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
 			2:00	Latvia	EE%sT	1997 Jan 21
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2000 Feb 29
 			2:00	-	EET	2001 Jan  2
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Liechtenstein
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Vaduz	0:38:04 -	LMT	1894 Jun
 			1:00	-	CET	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Lithuania
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
 
 # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
 
 # From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
 # via Steffen Thorsen:
 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
 # to be valid here starting from October 31,
 # as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
 # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
 # already done by Estonia.
 
 # From the 
 # Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
 #  (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
 
 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
 # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
 # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
 # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
 # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
 # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
 # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
 
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Vilnius	1:41:16	-	LMT	1880
 			1:24:00	-	WMT	1917	    # Warsaw Mean Time
 			1:35:36	-	KMT	1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
 			1:00	-	CET	1920 Jul 12
 			2:00	-	EET	1920 Oct  9
 			1:00	-	CET	1940 Aug  3
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 24
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998
 			2:00	-	EET	1998 Mar 29 1:00u
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT	1999 Oct 31 1:00u
 			2:00	-	EET	2003 Jan  1
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Luxembourg
 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Apr	28	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Sep	17	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Oct	 5	 3:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Oct	24	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Oct	26	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1924	1928	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Lux	1925	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lux	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Luxembourg	0:24:36 -	LMT	1904 Jun
 			1:00	Lux	CE%sT	1918 Nov 25
 			0:00	Lux	WE%sT	1929 Oct  6 2:00s
 			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 14 3:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	WE%sT	1944 Sep 18 3:00
 			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Macedonia
 # see Serbia
 
 # Malta
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Mar	31	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Sep	29	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Apr	21	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Sep	16	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Malta	1975	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Malta	1975	1980	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
 Rule	Malta	1980	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2 0:00s # Valletta
 			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2 2:00s
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
 			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1973 Mar 31
 			1:00	Malta	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Moldova
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
 # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
 # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
 # But [two people] separately reported via
 # Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
 #
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
 # Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
 # "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
 # to the Winter Time).
 #
 # News (in Russian):
 # 
 # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
 # 
 #
 # 
 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
 # 
 #
 # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
 # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
 #
 # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
 # In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
 # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
 #
 # (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
 #
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
 # NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
 # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
 # decision to abolish DST this winter. 
 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
 # News from Moldova (in russian):
 # 
 # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
 # 
 
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1880
 			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
 			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
 			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
 			3:00	-	MSK	1990 May 6
 			2:00	-	EET	1991
 			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Monaco
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
 # more precise 0:09:21.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Monaco	0:29:32 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15
 			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
 			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16 3:00
 			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Montenegro
 # see Serbia
 
 # Netherlands
 
 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
 
 # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
 # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
 # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
 # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
 # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
 # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
 # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
 # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
 #
 # (2001-04-08):
 # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
 # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
 #
 # (2001-04-09):
 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
 # actually followed.
 #
 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
 # adopted Amsterdam mean time.
 #
 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
 # Amsterdam mean time.
 
 # The data before 1945 are taken from
 # .
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time
 Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	AMT	# Amsterdam Mean Time
 Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Apr	16	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	AMT
 Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Apr	Mon>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Sep	lastMon	2:00s	0	AMT
 Rule	Neth	1922	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1922	1936	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	AMT
 Rule	Neth	1923	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1924	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1925	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
 Rule	Neth	1926	1931	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1932	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1933	1936	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Neth	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Neth	1938	1939	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
 #
 # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
 # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:32 -	LMT	1835
 			0:19:32	Neth	%s	1937 Jul  1
 			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
 			1:00	Neth	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Norway
 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
 # Pottenger.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	May	22	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Norway	1959	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Norway	1959	1965	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Norway	1965	only	-	Apr	25	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
 			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1940 Aug 10 23:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
 			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Svalbard & Jan Mayen
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
 # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
 # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
 # time they were declared as parts of Norway.  Svalbard was declared
 # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
 # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
 # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
 # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html).  The law/regulation
 # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
 # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
 # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
 # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
 # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
 # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
 # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
 # since 1921.  Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
 # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
 # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):
 #
 # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
 # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
 # keeping Berlin time.
 #
 #  says that the meteorologists
 # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
 # frequent air ttacks from Germans.  In 1943 the Americans established a
 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City".  Possibly
 # the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
 # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
 #
 # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
 # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
 # ).  The Svalbard FAQ
 #  says that the Germans were
 # expelled on 1942-05-14.  However, small parties of Germans did return,
 # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
 # 
 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
 # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
 #
 # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970.  Unless we can
 # come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
 # war years it's probably best just do...the following for now:
 Link	Europe/Oslo	Arctic/Longyearbyen
 
 # Poland
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Poland	1918	1919	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1919	only	-	Apr	15	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Apr	29	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
 # Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
 # 
 # Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
 # He also gives these further references:
 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) 
 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) 
 Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1957	only	-	Jun	 2	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1957	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1958	only	-	Mar	30	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1959	only	-	May	31	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1959	1961	-	Oct	Sun>=1	1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Poland	1960	only	-	Apr	 3	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Poland	1962	1964	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
 			1:24:00	-	WMT	1915 Aug  5   # Warsaw Mean Time
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Sep 16 3:00
 			2:00	Poland	EE%sT	1922 Jun
 			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1940 Jun 23 2:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
 			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1988
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Portugal
 #
 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
 #
 # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
 # at 02:00u, not 01:00u.  Assume that these are typos.
 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
 # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
 # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
 # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Jun	17	23:00	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Nov	 1	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Port	1917	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1917	1921	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1918	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1919	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1920	only	-	Feb	29	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1921	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1931	1932	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1934	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
 Rule	Port	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1940	only	-	Feb	24	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
 Rule	Port	1940	1941	-	Oct	 5	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1941	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Mar	Sat>=8	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Apr	25	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
 Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Aug	15	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Oct	Sat>=24	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1943	only	-	Apr	17	22:00s	2:00	M
 Rule	Port	1943	1945	-	Aug	Sat>=25	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1944	1945	-	Apr	Sat>=21	22:00s	2:00	M
 Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
 # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Mar	27	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Sep	25	 0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1978	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1979	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Port	1980	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Port	1983	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
 # Willett says 1912-01-01.  Go with Willett.
 Zone	Europe/Lisbon	-0:36:32 -	LMT	1884
 			-0:36:32 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  # Lisbon Mean Time
 			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00
 			 1:00	-	CET	1976 Sep 26 1:00
 			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
 			 0:00	W-Eur	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT	1996 Mar 31 1:00u
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 Zone Atlantic/Azores	-1:42:40 -	LMT	1884		# Ponta Delgada
 			-1:54:32 -	HMT	1911 May 24  # Horta Mean Time
 			-2:00	Port	AZO%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Azores Time
 			-1:00	Port	AZO%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
 			-1:00	W-Eur	AZO%sT	1992 Sep 27 1:00s
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Mar 28 1:00u
 			-1:00	EU	AZO%sT
 Zone Atlantic/Madeira	-1:07:36 -	LMT	1884		# Funchal
 			-1:07:36 -	FMT	1911 May 24  # Funchal Mean Time
 			-1:00	Port	MAD%sT	1966 Apr  3 2:00 # Madeira Time
 			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25 1:00s
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 
 # Romania
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
 # 
 # Nine O'clock (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998.  For lack of better info,
 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
 # the same year as Bulgaria.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Romania	1932	only	-	May	21	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1932	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Romania	1933	1939	-	Apr	Sun>=2	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	May	27	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24	# Bucharest MT
 			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29 2:00s
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
 			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1994
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Russia
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
 # are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
 # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
 # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
 #
 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
 #
 # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
 # `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
 # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
 #
 # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
 # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
 #
 # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
 # News--often false--is spread by word of mouth.  A rumor that it was
 # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
 # the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
 # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
 # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade.  I start with the
 # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
 # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
 # since September 1997....  Although the Kuril Islands are
 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Kaliningradskaya oblast'.
 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			 2:00	Poland	CE%sT	1946
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			 3:00	-	FET # Further-eastern European Time
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
 # Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
 # Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',
 # Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
 # Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,
 # Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,
 # Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,
 # Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,
 # Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',
 # Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,
 # Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',
 # Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,
 # Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',
 # Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',
 # Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,
 # Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',
 # Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,
 # Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',
 # Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast',
 # Yaroslavskaya oblast'
 Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:20 -	LMT	1880
 			 2:30	-	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
 			 2:30:48 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct
 			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			 4:00	-	MSK
 #
 # Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
 # Volgogradskaya oblast'.  Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
 # but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300.  Perhaps it switched after the
 # others?  But we have no data.
 Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
 			 3:00	-	TSAT	1925 Apr  6 # Tsaritsyn Time
 			 3:00	-	STAT	1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
 			 4:00	-	STAT	1961 Nov 11
 			 4:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
 			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 4:00	-	VOLT	1992 Mar 29 2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			 4:00	-	VOLT
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
 # Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
 Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1 2:00
 			 3:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21
 			 4:00	-	SAMT	1935 Jan 27
 			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
 			 3:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 2:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
 			 3:00	-	KUYT	1991 Oct 20 3:00
 			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
 			 3:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			 4:00	-	SAMT
 
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
 # Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,
 # Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast',
 # Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast',
 # Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast',
 # Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug.
 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:24 -	LMT	1919 Jul 15 4:00
 			 4:00	-	SVET	1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
 			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 4:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			 6:00	-	YEKT	# Yekaterinburg Time
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
 # Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.
 Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:36 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
 			 5:00	-	OMST	1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
 			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 5:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			 7:00	-	OMST
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
 # not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
 # Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.
 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14 6:00
 			 6:00	-	NOVT	1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
 			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			 7:00	Russia	NOV%sT	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
 			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			 7:00	-	NOVT
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
 # March 28, 2010:
 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
 #
 # This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September
 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
 #
 # Russian Government web site (Russian language)
 # 
 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
 # 
 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
 # 
 #
 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
 #
 # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
 # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
 
 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	NMT	1920 Jan  6
 			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
 			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	NOV%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			 7:00	-	NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time
 
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
 # Krasnoyarskij kraj,
 # Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
 # Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
 			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
 			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			 8:00	-	KRAT
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
 # Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',
 # Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug.
 Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:20 -	LMT	1880
 			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
 			 7:00	-	IRKT	1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
 			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 7:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			 9:00	-	IRKT
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
 # Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',
 # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.
 
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
 # ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005...
 # Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name.
 # YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj.
 
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
 # The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
 # Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
 # Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
 # Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij,
 # Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
 # Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij.
 
 Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
 			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			 10:00	-	YAKT
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
 # Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
 # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
 
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
 # The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
 # Ust'-Yanskij.
 Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:44 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
 			 9:00	-	VLAT	1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
 			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sST	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			11:00	-	VLAT
 #
 # Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
 # The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
 Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
 			 9:00	-	CJT	1938
 			 9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 25
 			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
 			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
 			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			11:00	-	SAKT
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
 # Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
 # Probably also: Kuril Islands.
 
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
 # The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij,
 # Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij, Srednekolymskij.
 Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
 			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			12:00	-	MAGT
 #
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
 # Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
 #
 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
 Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
 			11:00	-	PETT	1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
 			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			12:00	-	PETT
 #
 # Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
 Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			12:00	-	ANAT	1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
 			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1982 Apr  1 0:00s
 			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2010 Mar 28 2:00s
 			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			12:00	-	ANAT
 
 # Serbia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
 			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			1:00	-	CET	1945 May 8 2:00s
 			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
 # Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
 			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica	# Montenegro
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo	# Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje	# Macedonia
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia
 
 # Slovakia
 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
 
 # Slovenia
 # see Serbia
 
 # Spain
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Spain	1917	only	-	May	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1917	1919	-	Oct	 6	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1918	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1919	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Oct	 4	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Spain	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Spain	1937	only	-	May	22	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Mar	22	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1940	only	-	Mar	16	23:00s	1:00	S
 # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
 Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	Sep	 1	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	22:00s	2:00	M
 Rule	Spain	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1944	only	-	Oct	10	22:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1945	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1946	only	-	Sep	30	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Apr	Sat>=13	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1976	only	-	Mar	27	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1976	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Spain	1977	1978	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Spain	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
 Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
 Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule SpainAfrica 1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule SpainAfrica 1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule SpainAfrica 1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
 Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1  0:00s
 			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1946 Sep 30
 			 1:00	Spain	CE%sT	1979
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Zone	Africa/Ceuta	-0:21:16 -	LMT	1901
 			 0:00	-	WET	1918 May  6 23:00
 			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1918 Oct  7 23:00
 			 0:00	-	WET	1924
 			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1929
 			 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
 			 1:00	-	CET	1986
 			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 			-1:00	-	CANT	1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
 			 0:00	-	WET	1980 Apr  6 0:00s
 			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1980 Sep 28 0:00s
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
 
 # Sweden
 
 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
 #
 # The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm".  The law is dated 1878-05-31.
 #
 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time.  Less 12 minutes gives the
 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
 #
 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
 # forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
 # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
 # 1899-06-16.  In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
 #
 # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
 #
 # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
 # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
 # in Swedish):  (type
 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
 # the Sok-button).
 #
 # (2001-05-13):
 #
 # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
 # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time.  The article also reports that some
 # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
 # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
 # hour before the event took place.
 #
 # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 			1:00:14	-	SET	1900 Jan  1	# Swedish Time
 			1:00	-	CET	1916 May 14 23:00
 			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Oct  1 01:00
 			1:00	-	CET	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Switzerland
 # From Howse:
 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
 # and their performance improved enormously.  Communities began to keep
 # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
 # Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 # Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 # Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 
 # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
 # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.
 #
 # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
 # to be wrong. This is now verified.
 #
 # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
 # government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
 # federal law collection)...
 #
 # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
 # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
 #
 # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am
 # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am
 #
 # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.
 # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law
 # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any
 # other years are made.
 #
 # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
 # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
 # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
 # a thing had happened in Switzerland.
 #
 # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de
 # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
 # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
 # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
 #
 # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
 # Rule  Swiss   1941    1942    -       May     Mon>=1  1:00    1:00    S
 # Rule  Swiss   1941    1942    -       Oct     Mon>=1  2:00    0       -
 #
 # The 1940 rules must be deleted.
 #
 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
 # most users of tzdata:
 # The zone file
 # Zone    Europe/Zurich   0:34:08 -       LMT     1848 Sep 12
 #                          0:29:44 -       BMT     1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time
 #                          1:00    Swiss   CE%sT   1981
 #                          1:00    EU      CE%sT
 # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
 # the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not
 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Mon>=1	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Mon>=1	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1848 Sep 12
 			0:29:44	-	BMT	1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
 			1:00	Swiss	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Turkey
 
 # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
 # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
 # ... The latest rules are available at -
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
 # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
 # DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time.  I am not sure
 # what happened before that.  One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
 # http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm
 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT
 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM
 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016
 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021
 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):
 # Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
 
 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
 # 
 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
 # 
 # 
 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
 # 
 # Turkish:
 # 
 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
 # 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Turkey	1924	only	-	May	13	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1924	1925	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1925	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1941	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1947	1948	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1947	1950	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1949	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1950	only	-	Apr	19	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	May	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1970	1972	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Nov	 4	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Nov	 3	5:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1975	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1975	1976	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1976	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1977	only	-	Oct	16	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1979	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1979	1982	-	Oct	Mon>=11	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Jul	31	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1986	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1991	2006	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1991	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
 Rule	Turkey	1996	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
 			1:56:56	-	IMT	1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1978 Oct 15
 			3:00	Turkey	TR%sT	1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	2007
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27 1:00u
 			2:00	-	EET	2011 Mar 28 1:00u
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 Link	Europe/Istanbul	Asia/Istanbul	# Istanbul is in both continents.
 
 # Ukraine
 #
 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice,
 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
 # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment
 # regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
 # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
 # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
 # abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
 #
 # Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
 # approval from 266 deputies.
 #
 # Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian)
 # 
 # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
 # 
 #
 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
 # 
 # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
 # 
 #
 # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
 # 
 # http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
 # 
 #
 # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
 # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
 # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
 # time this year after all.
 #
 # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
 # As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukranian time zone 
 # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
 # to Russia) was reverted today:
 #
 # 
 # http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
 # 
 #
 # Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
 # The law documents themselves are at
 #
 # 
 # http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
 # 
 
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
 # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
 # "Kiev" is more common in English.
 Zone Europe/Kiev	2:02:04 -	LMT	1880
 			2:02:04	-	KMT	1924 May  2 # Kiev Mean Time
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 20
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Nov  6
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
 			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
 			2:00	-	EET	1992
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod	1:29:12 -	LMT	1890 Oct
 			1:00	-	CET	1940
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
 			1:00	1:00	CEST	1944 Oct 26
 			1:00	-	CET	1945 Jun 29
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
 			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
 			1:00	-	CET	1991 Mar 31 3:00
 			2:00	-	EET	1992
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English.  Use the common English
 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
 # portable Posix file names.
 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye	2:20:40 -	LMT	1880
 			2:20	-	CUT	1924 May  2 # Central Ukraine T
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Aug 25
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Oct 25
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
 Zone Europe/Simferopol	2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
 			2:16	-	SMT	1924 May  2 # Simferopol Mean T
 			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Nov
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Apr 13
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
 			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1 2:00
 			2:00	-	EET	1992
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
 # Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  Shanks & Pottenger simply say
 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right.  For now, guess it
 # changed in May.
 			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1994 May
 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
 			3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996 Mar 31 3:00s
 			3:00	1:00	MSD	1996 Oct 27 3:00s
 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997
 			3:00	-	MSK	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
 #
 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
 # uses the WE DST rules.  The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST).  It also claims that Turkey
 # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
 # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
 
 # ...
 # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
 # From: Tom Hofmann
 # ...
 #
 # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
 # most European coun[tr]ies started DST.  Before that year, only
 # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
 # to own national rules.  In 1981, however, DST started on
 # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
 # years...
 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
 # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
 # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
 # lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
 #
 # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
 # Soviet Union (as far as I know).
 #
 # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
 # 4002 Basle, Switzerland
 # ...
 
 # ...
 # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
 # From: Dik T. Winter
 # ...
 #
 # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
 # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
 # about DST in Europe.  I was able to find all from about 1969.
 #
 # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
 # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
 # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
 # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March.  And from 1982
 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
 # the Sov[i]et Union.  In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
 # dates...
 #
 # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
 # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
 # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
 # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
 # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe.  Another note: it is always
 # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
 # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
 # in advance of normal time.
 #
 # ...
 # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
 # ...
 
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # ...
 # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
 # Since 1978.  Change at midnight.
 # ...
 # Monaco: has same DST as France.
 # ...
diff --git a/contrib/tzdata/leapseconds b/contrib/tzdata/leapseconds
index dd0829019699..c1fb154c6e00 100644
--- a/contrib/tzdata/leapseconds
+++ b/contrib/tzdata/leapseconds
@@ -1,87 +1,101 @@
 # 
-# @(#)leapseconds	8.11
+# @(#)leapseconds	8.13
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file.
 
 # The International Earth Rotation Service periodically uses leap seconds
 # to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
 # (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space); see
 # Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time,
 # Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905.
 # There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism
 # accounting for the discrepancy between atomic time and the earth's rotation
 # did not exist until the early 1970s.
 
 # The correction (+ or -) is made at the given time, so lines
 # will typically look like:
 #	Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:60	+	R/S
 # or
 #	Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:59	-	R/S
 
 # If the leapsecond is Rolling (R) the given time is local time
 # If the leapsecond is Stationary (S) the given time is UTC
 
 # Leap	YEAR	MONTH	DAY	HH:MM:SS	CORR	R/S
 Leap	1972	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1972	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1973	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1974	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1975	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1976	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1977	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1978	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1979	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1981	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1982	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1983	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1985	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1987	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1989	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1990	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1992	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1993	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1994	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1995	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1997	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	1998	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	2005	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
 Leap	2008	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
+Leap	2012	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
 
 # INTERNATIONAL EARTH ROTATION AND REFERENCE SYSTEMS SERVICE (IERS)
 #
 # SERVICE INTERNATIONAL DE LA ROTATION TERRESTRE ET DES SYSTEMES DE REFERENCE
 #
+#
 # SERVICE DE LA ROTATION TERRESTRE
 # OBSERVATOIRE DE PARIS
 # 61, Av. de l'Observatoire 75014 PARIS (France)
-# Tel.      : 33 (0) 1 40 51 22 29
+# Tel.      : 33 (0) 1 40 51 22 26
 # FAX       : 33 (0) 1 40 51 22 91
-# Internet  : services.iers@obspm.fr
+# e-mail    : (E-Mail Removed)
+# http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc
+#
+# Paris, 5 January 2012
 #
-# Paris, 2 February 2011
 #
-# Bulletin C 41
+# Bulletin C 43
 #
 # To authorities responsible
 # for the measurement and
 # distribution of time
 #
-# INFORMATION ON UTC - TAI
 #
-# NO positive leap second will be introduced at the end of June 2011.
-# The difference between Coordinated Universal Time UTC and the
-# International Atomic Time TAI is :		
+# UTC TIME STEP
+# on the 1st of July 2012
+#
 #
-# from 2009 January 1, 0h UTC, until further notice : UTC-TAI = -34 s
+# A positive leap second will be introduced at the end of June 2012.
+# The sequence of dates of the UTC second markers will be:		
+# 		
+#                          2012 June 30,     23h 59m 59s
+#                          2012 June 30,     23h 59m 60s
+#                          2012 July  1,      0h  0m  0s
+#
+# The difference between UTC and the International Atomic Time TAI is:
+#
+# from 2009 January 1, 0h UTC, to 2012 July 1  0h UTC  : UTC-TAI = - 34s
+# from 2012 July 1,    0h UTC, until further notice    : UTC-TAI = - 35s
 #
 # Leap seconds can be introduced in UTC at the end of the months of December
-# or June,  depending on the evolution of UT1-TAI. Bulletin C is mailed every
-# six months, either to announce a time step in UTC, or to confirm that there
+# or June, depending on the evolution of UT1-TAI. Bulletin C is mailed every
+# six months, either to announce a time step in UTC or to confirm that there
 # will be no time step at the next possible date.
 #
+#
 # Daniel GAMBIS
-# Head			
-# Earth Orientation Center of the IERS
+# Head		
+# Earth Orientation Center of IERS
 # Observatoire de Paris, France
diff --git a/contrib/tzdata/northamerica b/contrib/tzdata/northamerica
index a21bf895b053..ac1eeef4d533 100644
--- a/contrib/tzdata/northamerica
+++ b/contrib/tzdata/northamerica
@@ -1,3110 +1,3189 @@
 # 
-# @(#)northamerica	8.51
+# @(#)northamerica	8.52
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # United States
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
 # His pamphlet ``A System of National Time for Railroads'' (1870)
 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
 # in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
 # His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
 # and the most of the country soon followed suit.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
 # That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
 # See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
 # Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
 # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
 # It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
 # in his whimsical essay ``An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
 # of Light'' published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
 #
 #	I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
 #	agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
 #	daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
 #	I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
 #	valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen.  As an admirer
 #	of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
 #	reduce my time for enjoying it.  At the back of the Daylight Saving
 #	scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
 #	to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
 #	them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
 #
 #	-- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
 #	   Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
 #
 # For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
 # Robert Garland's 
 # Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
 # (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
 #
 # Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
 # However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
 # was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
 # time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
 
 # From Arthur David Olson:
 # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
 # See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
 # and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson:
 # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
 # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
 # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
 # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
 # An AltaVista search turned up
 # :
 # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
 # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.'  Peace is wonderful."
 #  (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
 
 # From Joseph Gallant citing
 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
 # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
 # to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
 # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
 # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
 # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
 # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout.  From
 # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
 #
 # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
 # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
 # wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
 # Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
 # typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
 # importance."
 #
 # On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
 # microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
 # before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
 # The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
 #
 # He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
 # Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
 # that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
 # U.S. government action.  So even though the "US" rules have changed
 # in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	US	1918	1919	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1918	1919	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	US	1942	only	-	Feb	9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	US	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	US	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	US	1967	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	US	1967	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1974	only	-	Jan	6	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1975	only	-	Feb	23	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1976	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 
 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
 # We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
 # obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
 # We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
 # this time zone package.
 # We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
 # a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
 # We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
 # increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
 # avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	EST		 -5:00	-	EST
 Zone	MST		 -7:00	-	MST
 Zone	HST		-10:00	-	HST
 Zone	EST5EDT		 -5:00	US	E%sT
 Zone	CST6CDT		 -6:00	US	C%sT
 Zone	MST7MDT		 -7:00	US	M%sT
 Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
 
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
 #    old			 new
 #    Pacific Standard Time(PST)  -same-
 #    Yukon Standard Time(YST)    -same-
 #    Central Alaska S.T. (CAT)   Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
 #    Nome Standard Time (NT)     Bering Standard Time (BST)
 #
 # ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
 #    The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
 #    of the Aleutian islands.   No DST.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 # The tables below use `NST', not `NT', for Nome Standard Time.
 # I invented `CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
 
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
 # USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  CENTRAL       6 H  BEHIND UTC    CHICAGO, HOUSTON
 # USA  CENTRAL       5 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  MOUNTAIN      7 H  BEHIND UTC    DENVER
 # USA  MOUNTAIN      6 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  PACIFIC       8 H  BEHIND UTC    L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
 # USA  PACIFIC       7 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  ALASKA STD    9 H  BEHIND UTC    MOST OF ALASKA     (AKST)
 # USA  ALASKA STD    8 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
 # USA  ALEUTIAN     10 H  BEHIND UTC    ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
 # USA  - " -         9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
 # USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
 # USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
 # The above dates are for 1988.
 # Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
 # no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
 # Aleutians.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 # Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
 # Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward.  First, names
 # up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
 # took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
 #	(none)
 #	United States standard eastern time
 #	United States standard mountain time
 #	United States standard central time
 #	United States standard Pacific time
 #	(none)
 #	United States standard Alaska time
 #	(none)
 # Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
 # public law 98-181):
 #	Atlantic standard time
 #	eastern standard time
 #	central standard time
 #	mountain standard time
 #	Pacific standard time
 #	Yukon standard time
 #	Alaska-Hawaii standard time
 #	Bering standard time
 # And after 1983-11-30:
 #	Atlantic standard time
 #	eastern standard time
 #	central standard time
 #	mountain standard time
 #	Pacific standard time
 #	Alaska standard time
 #	Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
 #	Samoa standard time
 # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
 # Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced the abbreviation
 # "Chamorro Standard Time" for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.
 # See the file "australasia".
 
 # From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
 # The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
 #
 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
 #   (a) Amendment- Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
 #   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
 #     (1) by striking `first Sunday of April' and inserting `second
 #     Sunday of March'; and
 #     (2) by striking `last Sunday of October' and inserting `first
 #     Sunday of November'.
 #   (b) Effective Date- Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
 #   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
 #   (c) Report to Congress- Not later than 9 months after the effective
 #   date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
 #   on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
 #   States.
 #   (d) Right to Revert- Congress retains the right to revert the
 #   Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
 #   Department study is complete.
 
 # US eastern time, represented by New York
 
 # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
 # Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
 # (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
 # New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
 # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
 # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
 
 # From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
 # Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
 # Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
 # One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
 # and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
 # reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
 # According to today's Huntsville Times
 # 
 # a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
 # in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
 # set their watches and clocks on Eastern time."  It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
 # Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
 # time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
 # in Columbus."
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	NYC	1920	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NYC	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NYC	1921	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NYC	1921	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NYC	1955	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/New_York	-4:56:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1920
 			-5:00	NYC	E%sT	1942
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	NYC	E%sT	1967
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 
 # US central time, represented by Chicago
 
 # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
 # Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
 # Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
 # (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 # Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
 # Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
 # Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
 # western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
 
 # From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0175.pdf ...
 # is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change.  Because the local
 # "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
 # are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
 # hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
 #
 # From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
 # Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
 # Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
 # http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Chicago	1920	only	-	Jun	13	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Chicago	1920	1921	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Chicago	1921	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Chicago	1922	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Chicago	1922	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Chicago	1955	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Chicago	-5:50:36 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1920
 			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1936 Mar  1 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1936 Nov 15 2:00
 			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1942
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1967
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 # Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
 Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1992 Oct 25 02:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 # Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
 # 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
 # See .
 # Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
 # Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
 # but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
 # See .
 Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	2003 Oct 26 02:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
 # ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
 # mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
 # daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
 # 
 # http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
 # 
 # 
 # http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
 # 
 
 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
 # largest city in Mercer County).  Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
 # at 4715'51" north, 10146'40" west, which yields an offset of 6h47'07".
 
 Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	2010 Nov  7 2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # US mountain time, represented by Denver
 #
 # Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
 # Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
 # New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
 # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
 # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Denver	1920	1921	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Denver	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Denver	1921	only	-	May	22	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Denver	1965	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Denver	1965	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Denver	-6:59:56 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1920
 			-7:00	Denver	M%sT	1942
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1946
 			-7:00	Denver	M%sT	1967
 			-7:00	US	M%sT
 
 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
 #
 # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
 # Idaho, Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties,
 # and the northern three-quarters of Idaho county),
 # most of Nevada, most of Oregon, and Washington
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	CA	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	CA	1949	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	CA	1950	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	CA	1950	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	CA	1962	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1967
 			-8:00	US	P%sT
 
 # Alaska
 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
 # This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
 # also a Friday.  Include only the time zone part of this transition,
 # ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
 # the Julian calendar.
 #
 # As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
 # permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
 # (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
 # was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  However, there
 # were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
 # it's best to simply use the official transition.
 #
 
 # From Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31):
 # The author lives in Alaska and many of the references listed are only
 # available to Alaskan residents.
 #
 # 
 # http://www.alaskahistoricalsociety.org/index.cfm?section=discover%20alaska&page=Glimpses%20of%20the%20Past&viewpost=2&ContentId=98
 # 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
 # Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
 #
 # On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
 # 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
 # Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
 # Pacific Time.
 #
 # ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
 # Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
 # northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
 #
 # On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
 # unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
 #
 # According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
 # bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
 #
 # (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
 # Nation.)
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
 # I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
 # Community office (using contact information available at
 # 
 # http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
 # ).
 # It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
 # the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
 # that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no--they were on their
 # own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
 # did not inquire about practices in the past.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
 # For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
 # abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Juneau	 15:02:19 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:57:41 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1980 Apr 27 2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1980 Oct 26 2:00	
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Sitka	 14:58:47 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:01:13 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Metlakatla	 15:13:42 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:46:18 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
 			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
 			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
 			 -8:00	-	MeST
 Zone America/Yakutat	 14:41:05 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:18:55 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			 -9:00	-	YST	1942
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1946
 			 -9:00	-	YST	1969
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Anchorage	 14:00:24 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -9:59:36 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			-10:00	-	CAT	1942
 			-10:00	US	CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
 			-10:00	US	CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
 			-10:00	-	CAT	1967 Apr
 			-10:00	-	AHST	1969
 			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Nome	 12:58:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			-11:01:38 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			-11:00	-	NST	1942
 			-11:00	US	N%sT	1946
 			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr
 			-11:00	-	BST	1969
 			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
 			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
 Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			-11:46:38 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
 			-11:00	-	NST	1942
 			-11:00	US	N%sT	1946
 			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr
 			-11:00	-	BST	1969
 			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
 			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			-10:00	US	HA%sT
 # The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
 #
 # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
 # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
 # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
 #
 # From David Flater (2004-11-09):
 # In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
 # Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
 # suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
 # possibly until 1983:
 #
 #  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
 #  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
 #  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
 #  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson:  Be it
 #  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
 #  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
 #  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
 #  three votes for and one against."
 
 # Hawaii
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
 # "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
 # of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
 # the article is available at
 # 
 # http://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
 # 
 # and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
 # 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
 # saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
 # last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
 # act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
 # from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
 # when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
 # effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
 # day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
 # cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
 # and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
 # The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
 # Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
 # 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
 # 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
 # year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
 # hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
 # day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
 # Hawaii." Page 172:  "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
 # hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
 # which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
 # that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
 # Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
 # of the Territory of Hawaii."
 #
 # Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
 # We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
 
 Zone Pacific/Honolulu	-10:31:26 -	LMT	1896 Jan 13 12:00 #Schmitt&Cox
 			-10:30	-	HST	1933 Apr 30 2:00 #Laws 1933
 			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1933 May 21 12:00 #Laws 1933+12
 			-10:30	-	HST	1942 Feb 09 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
 			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1945 Sep 30 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
 			-10:30	-	HST	1947 Jun  8 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
 			-10:00	-	HST
 
 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
 
 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
 #
 # The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
 # 
 # Daylight Saving Time web page (2002-01-23) maintained by the
 # Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
 # Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
 # time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
 # personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
 # observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time.  The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
 # Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
 # the date the state's clocks would change.  In 1945 the State of
 # Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
 # mandated by federal law.  Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
 # Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
 #
 # Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
 # Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
 
 Zone America/Phoenix	-7:28:18 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Jan  1 00:01
 			-7:00	-	MST	1944 Apr  1 00:01
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Oct  1 00:01
 			-7:00	-	MST	1967
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1968 Mar 21
 			-7:00	-	MST
 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
 # notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
 # large size and location in three states."  (The "only" means that other
 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
 
 Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
 
 # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
 # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
 # Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
 # Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
 # Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
 # quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
 # switched four weeks late in 1974.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Boise	-7:44:49 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	1923 May 13 2:00
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1974
 			-7:00	-	MST	1974 Feb  3 2:00
 			-7:00	US	M%sT
 
 # Indiana
 #
 # For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
 # 
 # What time is it in Indiana?
 #  (2006-03-01)
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 # Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
 # with the following exceptions:
 #
 # - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
 #   Vandenburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
 #
 # - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
 #
 # - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
 #   America/Kentucky/Louisville.
 #
 # - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
 #   and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
 #
 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
 # and wrote ``Even newspaper reports present contradictory information.''
 # Those Hoosiers!  Such a flighty and changeable people!
 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
 #
 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
 # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the `America' level.
 # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory `America/Indiana'.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
 # http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html says that Indiana will use DST starting 2006.
 
 # From Nathan Stratton Treadway (2006-03-30):
 # http://www.dot.gov/affairs/dot0406.htm [3705 B]
 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2006-01-18):
 # http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/pdf95/382329_web.pdf [2.9 MB]
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-01-20):
 # It says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
 # Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
 # Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
 # this rule is 2:OO a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
 # changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
 # Strictly speaking, this means the affected counties will change their
 # clocks twice that night, but this obviously is in error.  The intent
 # is that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
 # The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
 # going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
 # http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Indianapolis 1941	only	-	Jun	22	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Indianapolis 1941	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Indianapolis 1946	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1920
 			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1942
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1955 Apr 24 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1957 Sep 29 2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1958 Apr 27 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
 # as well as from 1976 through 2005.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Marengo	1951	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Marengo	1951	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Marengo	1954	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Marengo	1954	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1951
 			-6:00	Marengo	C%sT	1961 Apr 30 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6 2:00
 			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1976
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
 # switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
 # in November 2007.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Vincennes	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Vincennes	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Vincennes	1953	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Vincennes	1953	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Vincennes	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule Vincennes	1956	1963	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Vincennes	1960	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Vincennes	1961	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Vincennes	1962	1963	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Vincennes	C%sT	1964 Apr 26 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Perry	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Perry	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Perry	1953	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Perry	1953	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Perry	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule Perry	1956	1963	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Perry	1960	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Perry	1961	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Perry	1962	1963	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Perry	C%sT	1964 Apr 26 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 #
 # Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
 # then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Pike	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Pike	1955	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Pike	1956	1964	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Pike	1961	1964	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1955
 			-6:00	Pike	C%sT	1965 Apr 25 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1966 Oct 30 2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1977 Oct 30 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
 # then switched back in 2006.
 # From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
 # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
 # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
 # 1991-10-27.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Starke	1947	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Starke	1947	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Starke	1955	1956	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Starke	1957	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Starke	1959	1961	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1947
 			-6:00	Starke	C%sT	1962 Apr 29 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1963 Oct 27 2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1991 Oct 27 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 #
 # Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
 # April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Pulaski	1946	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Pulaski	1946	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Pulaski	1955	1956	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Pulaski	1957	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00	Pulaski	C%sT	1961 Apr 30 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Mar 11 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1954 Apr 25 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1969
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1973
 			-5:00	-	EST	2006
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 
 # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
 # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Louisville	1921	only	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Louisville	1921	only	-	Sep	1	2:00	0	S
 Rule Louisville	1941	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Louisville	1941	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Louisville	1946	only	-	Jun	2	2:00	0	S
 Rule Louisville	1950	1955	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Louisville	1956	1960	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1921
 			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1942
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1961 Jul 23 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1968
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6 2:00
 			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Wayne County, Kentucky
 #
 # From
 # 
 # Lake Cumberland LIFE
 #  (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
 # Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
 # the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
 # the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
 # taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
 # August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
 # The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
 # location in the Central time zone.
 #
 # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
 # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
 # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
 # (-0500) time.  They won't "fall back" this year.  See Sara Shipley,
 # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
 # The final rule was published in the
 # 
 # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), page 50154-50158.
 # 
 #
 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00	-	CST	1968
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 
 
 # From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
 # Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
 # Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
 #	previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
 # Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
 # We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
 # so omit that change for now.
 # See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
 # See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
 # West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
 # 1999-10-31.  See the
 # 
 # Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), page 56705-56707.
 # 
 # However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
 # on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
 # hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
 
 # Michigan
 #
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
 # but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
 # that Detroit kept
 #
 #	local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
 #	be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
 #	city obeyed, half refused.  After considerable debate, the decision
 #	was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time.  A derisive offer to
 #	erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
 #	Committee on Sewers.  Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
 #	by city vote.
 #
 # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
 # Garland (1927) writes ``Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
 # one hour in 1914.''  This change is not in Shanks.  We have no more
 # info, so omit this for now.
 #
 # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Detroit	1948	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Detroit	1948	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Detroit	1967	only	-	Jun	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Detroit	1967	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Detroit	-5:32:11 -	LMT	1905
 			-6:00	-	CST	1915 May 15 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1942
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	Detroit	E%sT	1973
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1975
 			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Apr 27 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 #
 # Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
 # switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Menominee	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Menominee	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule Menominee	1966	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule Menominee	1966	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00 Menominee	C%sT	1969 Apr 27 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1973 Apr 29 2:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # Navassa
 # administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
 # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
 # also claimed by Haiti
 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
 # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
 # currently uninhabited
 # see Mark Fineman, ``An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord'',
 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
 # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
 
 ################################################################################
 
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
 #
 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
 #
 # Other sources occasionally used include:
 #
 #	Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
 #	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
 #	which I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 #	
 #	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
 #	 (1914-03)
 #
 # See the `europe' file for Greenland.
 
 # Canada
 
 # From Alain LaBont (1994-11-14):
 # I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
 # for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
 #
 #	UTC	Standard time	Daylight savings time
 #	offset	French	English	French	English
 #	-2:30	-	-	HAT	NDT
 #	-3	-	-	HAA	ADT
 #	-3:30	HNT	NST	-	-
 #	-4	HNA	AST	HAE	EDT
 #	-5	HNE	EST	HAC	CDT
 #	-6	HNC	CST	HAR	MDT
 #	-7	HNR	MST	HAP	PDT
 #	-8	HNP	PST	HAY	YDT
 #	-9	HNY	YST	-	-
 #
 #	HN: Heure Normale	ST: Standard Time
 #	HA: Heure Avance	DT: Daylight saving Time
 #
 #	A: de l'Atlantique	Atlantic
 #	C: du Centre		Central
 #	E: de l'Est		Eastern
 #	M:			Mountain
 #	N:			Newfoundland
 #	P: du Pacifique		Pacific
 #	R: des Rocheuses
 #	T: de Terre-Neuve
 #	Y: du Yukon		Yukon
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
 # Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
 
 # Unless otherwise specified, the data for Canada are all from Shanks
 # & Pottenger.
 
 # From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
 # 2007-03-01):
 # The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
 # adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
 # U.S. and the rest of Canada....
 # http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
 # ...
 # Nova Scotia
 # Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
 # http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
 #
 # [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
 # be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
 # http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
 # ...
 # Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
 # As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
 # http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
 # ...
 # [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
 # http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
 # http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
 # http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
 # ...
 # P.E.I. will follow US rules....
 # http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
 # ...
 # Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
 # http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
 # ...
 # Yukon
 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
 # ...
 # N.W.T. will follow US rules.  Whoever maintains the government web site
 # does not seem to believe in bookmarks.  To see the news release, click the
 # following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change".  Press the
 # "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
 # JavaScript.
 # http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
 # ...
 # Nunavut
 # An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
 # http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
 # H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
 # 
 # "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
 #  contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
 # time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
 #
 # INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has 
 # information about standard and daylight saving time zones in Canada.
 #  (updated periodically).
 # Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
 # For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
 # new US DST rules,
 
+# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
+# In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
+# 
+# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
+# 
+# she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
+# The quote includes these two statements:
+# 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
+# '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
+# These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
+# that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918.  This transition was
+# also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
+
+# In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
+# Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
+# than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Canada	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Canada	1918	only	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Canada	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Canada	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Canada	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Canada	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Canada	1974	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Canada	1974	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Canada	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Canada	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Canada	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 
 
 # Newfoundland and Labrador
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
 # but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
 # southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
 # but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	StJohns	1917	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00	0	S
 # Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	StJohns	1919	only	-	May	 5	23:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1919	only	-	Aug	12	23:00	0	S
 # For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	StJohns	1920	1935	-	May	Sun>=1	23:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1920	1935	-	Oct	lastSun	23:00	0	S
 # For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
 # Pottenger.
 Rule	StJohns	1936	1941	-	May	Mon>=9	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1936	1941	-	Oct	Mon>=2	0:00	0	S
 # Whitman gives the following transitions:
 # 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
 # but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
 # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
 # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	StJohns	1946	1950	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1946	1950	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00	0	S
 Rule	StJohns	1951	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1951	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	StJohns	1960	1986	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
 # at 00:01 local time.  For now, assume it started in 1987.
 
 # From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
 # We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
 # changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
 # The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
 # Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
 # now occurs at 2:00AM.
 # ...
 # 
 # http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
 # 
 # ...
 # MICHAEL PELLEY  |  Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
 # Office of the Chief Information Officer
 # Executive Council
 # Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
 
 Rule	StJohns	1987	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	1987	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:01	0	S
 Rule	StJohns	1988	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	2:00	DD
 Rule	StJohns	1989	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	2007	2011	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	StJohns	2007	2010	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:01	0	S
 #
 # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/St_Johns	-3:30:52 -	LMT	1884
 			-3:30:52 StJohns N%sT	1918
 			-3:30:52 Canada	N%sT	1919
 			-3:30:52 StJohns N%sT	1935 Mar 30
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1942 May 11
 			-3:30	Canada	N%sT	1946
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	2011 Nov
 			-3:30	Canada	N%sT
 
 # most of east Labrador
 
 # The name `Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use `Goose Bay'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Goose_Bay	-4:01:40 -	LMT	1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
 			-3:30:52 -	NST	1918
 			-3:30:52 Canada N%sT	1919
 			-3:30:52 -	NST	1935 Mar 30
 			-3:30	-	NST	1936
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1942 May 11
 			-3:30	Canada	N%sT	1946
 			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1966 Mar 15 2:00
 			-4:00	StJohns	A%sT	2011 Nov
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 
 
 # west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
 # Halifax.  Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
 # Glace Bay, NS is the largest that we know of.
 # Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
 # in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
 # this is a typo.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Halifax	1916	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1920	only	-	May	 9	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1920	only	-	Aug	29	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1921	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1921	1922	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1922	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1923	1925	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1923	only	-	Sep	 4	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1924	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1925	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1926	only	-	May	16	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1926	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1927	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1927	only	-	Sep	26	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1928	1931	-	May	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1928	only	-	Sep	 9	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1929	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1930	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1931	1932	-	Sep	Mon>=24	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1932	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1933	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1933	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1934	only	-	May	20	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1934	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1935	only	-	Jun	 2	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1935	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1936	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1936	only	-	Sep	14	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1937	1938	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1937	1941	-	Sep	Mon>=24	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1939	only	-	May	28	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1940	1941	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1946	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1946	1949	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1951	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1951	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1956	1959	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1956	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Halifax	1962	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Halifax	1962	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Halifax	-4:14:24 -	LMT	1902 Jun 15
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1918
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1919
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1946
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1974
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 Zone America/Glace_Bay	-3:59:48 -	LMT	1902 Jun 15
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1953
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1954
 			-4:00	-	AST	1972
 			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1974
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 
 # New Brunswick
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
 # The Time Definition Act 
 # says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
 #  makes it
 # clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
 # For now, assume it started in 1993.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Moncton	1933	1935	-	Jun	Sun>=8	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1933	1935	-	Sep	Sun>=8	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1936	1938	-	Jun	Sun>=1	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1936	1938	-	Sep	Sun>=1	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1939	only	-	May	27	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1939	1941	-	Sep	Sat>=21	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1940	only	-	May	19	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1941	only	-	May	 4	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1946	1972	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1946	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1957	1972	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Moncton	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
 Rule	Moncton	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:01	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Moncton	-4:19:08 -	LMT	1883 Dec  9
 			-5:00	-	EST	1902 Jun 15
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1933
 			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	1942
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1946
 			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	1973
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1993
 			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	2007
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
 
 # Quebec
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Quebec has been
 # like Montreal.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
 # In "Official time in Quebec" the Quebec department of justice writes in
 # http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-regl-1-a.htm
 # that "The residents of the Municipality of the
 # Cote-Nord-du-Golfe-Saint-Laurent and the municipalities of Saint-Augustin,
 # Bonne-Esperance and Blanc-Sablon apply the Official Time Act as it is
 # written and use Atlantic standard time all year round. The same applies to
 # the residents of the Native facilities along the lower North Shore."
 # 
 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Apr	24	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1919	only	-	Mar	31	2:30	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1919	only	-	Oct	25	2:30	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1920	only	-	May	 2	2:30	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1920	1922	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:30	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1921	only	-	May	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1922	only	-	Apr	30	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1924	only	-	May	17	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1924	1926	-	Sep	lastSun	2:30	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1925	1926	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # The 1927-to-1937 rules can be expressed more simply as
 # Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Apr	lastSat	24:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Sep	lastSat	24:00	0	S
 # The rules below avoid use of 24:00
 # (which pre-1998 versions of zic cannot handle).
 Rule	Mont	1927	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1927	1932	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1928	1931	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1932	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1933	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1933	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1934	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1946	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mont	1945	1948	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1949	1950	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1951	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Mont	1957	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 -	LMT	1884
 			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1970
 			-4:00	-	AST
 Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
 			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1918
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
 			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1974
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 
 
 # Ontario
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
 # Toronto.
 # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
 # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
 # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
 # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
 
 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
 # [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
 # effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
 # Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
 # have already done so.  In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
 # 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
 # hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
 # only two weeks -- I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
 # presumably that should be -07-06.  (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
 # earlier in June).
 #
 # Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
 # Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
 # says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
 # but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
 # He also writes that the
 # 
 # Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
 # 
 # says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
 # Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
 # concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
 # New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
 # CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
 # violation of the official Ontario rules.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
 # Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
 # 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
 #
 #	The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
 #	This means they spend about half the time on central time and
 #	the other half on eastern time.
 #
 #	For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
 #
 #	"The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
 #	Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
 #	said.  "I don't see any changes happening here."
 #
 # Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
 # [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
 
 # From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
 # I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
 # and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
 # can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
 # time keeping since 1952, at least.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
 # ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
 # McKinnon sounds more authoritative.  For now, assume that Atikokan
 # switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
 # ended.  This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
 # entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
 # America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
 
 # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
 #
 # Currently the database has:
 #
 # # Ontario
 #
 # # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
 # # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
 # # Toronto.
 # # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
 # # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
 # # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
 #
 # In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
 # right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
 # time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
 #
 #     The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
 #     except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
 #
 # Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
 #
 # I only came across this incidentally.  I don't know if Windsor began
 # observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
 #
 # By the way, the article continues by noting that:
 #
 #     Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
 #     three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
 #
 # "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
 # The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
 # volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
 # was available at
 # 
 # http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
 # 
 #
 # It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
 #
 #   A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
 # require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
 # the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
 # and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
 # ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
 # for the other provinces only approximate:
 #
 # 	Province	Daylight saving time used
 # Prince Edward Island	Not used.
 # Nova Scotia		In Halifax only.
 # New Brunswick		In St. John only.
 # Quebec		In the following places:
 # 			Montreal	Lachine
 # 			Quebec		Mont-Royal
 # 			Levis		Iberville
 # 			St. Lambert	Cap de la Madeleine
 # 			Verdun		Loretteville
 # 			Westmount	Richmond
 # 			Outremont	St. Jerome
 # 			Longueuil	Greenfield Park
 # 			Arvida		Waterloo
 # 			Chambly-Canton	Beaulieu
 # 			Melbourne	La Tuque
 # 			St. Theophile	Buckingham
 # Ontario		Used generally in the cities and towns along
 # 			the southerly part of the province. Not
 # 			used in the northwesterlhy part.
 # Manitoba		Not used.
 # Saskatchewan		In Regina only.
 # Alberta		Not used.
 # British Columbia	Not used.
 #
 #   With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
 # to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Toronto	1919	only	-	Mar	30	23:30	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1919	only	-	Oct	26	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1920	only	-	May	 2	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1920	only	-	Sep	26	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1921	only	-	May	15	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1921	only	-	Sep	15	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1922	1923	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
 # was meant.
 Rule	Toronto	1922	1926	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1924	1927	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
 # Rule	Toronto	1927	1937	-	Sep	Sun>=25	2:00	0	S
 # Rule	Toronto	1928	1937	-	Apr	Sun>=25	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	Toronto	1938	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Rule	Toronto	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
 # (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
 Rule	Toronto	1927	1932	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1928	1931	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1932	only	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1933	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1933	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1934	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1945	1946	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1947	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1947	1948	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1949	only	-	Nov	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1950	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Toronto	1950	only	-	Nov	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Toronto	1951	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
 # namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
 # is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
 # Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
 Rule	Toronto	1957	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
 # Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
 # Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
 # operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
 # Saskatchewan, for one year."
 
 # From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
 # Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
 # There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
 # savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
 # before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
 # Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
 # include the Thunder Bay area....  When Canada adopted daylight
 # savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
 # already, did not change their clocks....  During the Second World
 # War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
 # months for the remainder of the war years.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Toronto	-5:17:32 -	LMT	1895
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
 			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
 			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1974
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 -	LMT	1895
 			-6:00	-	CST	1910
 			-5:00	-	EST	1942
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1970
 			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1973
 			-5:00	-	EST	1974
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 Zone America/Nipigon	-5:53:04 -	LMT	1895
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1940 Sep 29
 			-5:00	1:00	EDT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 -	LMT	1895
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1940 Sep 29
 			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 Zone America/Atikokan	-6:06:28 -	LMT	1895
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1940 Sep 29
 			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1945 Sep 30 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 
 # Manitoba
 
 # From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
 # the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
 # March 27, 1987 ... said ...
 # "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
 # the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
 # Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
 # following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
 # I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had =
 # been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
 # Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
 # the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
 # the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
 # Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
 # starting 1966.  Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
 # it was also 02:00s in 1966.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Winn	1916	only	-	Apr	23	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1916	only	-	Sep	17	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Winn	1918	only	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Winn	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1937	only	-	May	16	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1937	only	-	Sep	26	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Winn	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Winn	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1946	only	-	May	12	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1946	only	-	Oct	13	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1947	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1947	1949	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1950	only	-	May	 1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1950	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1951	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1951	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1960	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1963	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1963	only	-	Sep	22	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1966	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Winn	1966	2005	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Winn	1987	2005	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Winnipeg	-6:28:36 -	LMT	1887 Jul 16
 			-6:00	Winn	C%sT	2006
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 
 
 # Saskatchewan
 
 # From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
 # The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
 # level.  As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
 # elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
 # the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
 # DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
 # presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
 # the summer".  The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
 # time was noted.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
 # Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
 # City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
 # Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
 # Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
 # are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
 
 # From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
 # The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
 # provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
 # A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
 # since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
 #
 # Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
 # the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
 # their affiliations in one direction or the other.  In 1965 a provincial
 # referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
 #
 # On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
 # Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
 # part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
 # northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
 # follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
 # zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
 # by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
 #
 # It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
 # on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
 # serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
 # a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
 # rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
 # since sometime in the 1960s.
 
 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
 # The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
 # long and rather painful to read.
 # http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Regina	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Regina	1918	only	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Regina	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1930	1934	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1930	1934	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1937	1941	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1937	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1938	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1939	1941	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Regina	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Regina	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1946	only	-	Apr	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1946	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1947	1957	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1947	1957	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Regina	1959	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Regina	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 #
 Rule	Swift	1957	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Swift	1957	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Swift	1959	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Swift	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Swift	1960	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Regina	-6:58:36 -	LMT	1905 Sep
 			-7:00	Regina	M%sT	1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST
 Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 -	LMT	1905 Sep
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT	1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
 			-7:00	Regina	M%sT	1950
 			-7:00	Swift	M%sT	1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
 			-6:00	-	CST
 
 
 # Alberta
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Edm	1918	1919	-	Apr	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Edm	1918	only	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Edm	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1919	only	-	May	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1920	1923	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1921	1923	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Edm	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Edm	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1947	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1947	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1967	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1967	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1969	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1969	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Edm	1972	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Edm	1972	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Edmonton	-7:33:52 -	LMT	1906 Sep
 			-7:00	Edm	M%sT	1987
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 
 
 # British Columbia
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
 # been like Vancouver.
 # Dawson Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
 
+# It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
+
+# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
+# There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
+# that do not currently observe daylight saving:
+# a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
+# b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
+# (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
+
+# Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
+# keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
+# manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
+# 
+# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
+# 
+# According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
+# i.e. Creston has been stuck on UTC-7 for 93 years.
+# Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
+
+# Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
+# unknown and will be difficult to ascertain.  I e-mailed Tammy a few months
+# ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess.  She said it was just
+# as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing the
+# article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the subject
+# of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
+# 
+# http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
+# 
+
+# Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
+# 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
+# Exact date unknown
+# 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8) 
+# Exact date in October unknown;  Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
+# 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
+# Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
+# note#1:
+# On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
+# Creston did not change its clocks.
+# note#2:
+# During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
+# Creston did not oblige.
+# note#3:
+# There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
+# (UTC-7) forever.
+# The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
+# 
+# http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
+# 
+
+# During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
+# In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
+# summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
+# the change.  It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
+# period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
+# (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
+
+# The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Vanc	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Vanc	1918	only	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Vanc	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Vanc	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Vanc	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	Vanc	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Vanc	1946	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Vanc	1946	only	-	Oct	13	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Vanc	1947	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Vanc	1962	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Vancouver	-8:12:28 -	LMT	1884
 			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1987
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -	LMT	1884
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT	1947
 			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1972 Aug 30 2:00
 			-7:00	-	MST
-
+Zone America/Creston	-7:46:04 -	LMT	1884
+			-7:00	-	MST	1916 Oct 1
+			-8:00	-	PST	1918 Jun 2
+			-7:00	-	MST
 
 # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
 # Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
 #	* 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
 #	c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9.  This is still valid;
 #	see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
 #	* C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
 #	* O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
 #	* O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
 # Shanks & Pottenger say Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go
 # with Englander.
 # From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
 # Here is a link to the old daylight saving portion of the interpretation
 # act which was last updated in 1987:
 # http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic1987_056.pdf
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
 # Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
 # 
 # Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
 # 
 #
 # From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
 # We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
 # to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
 # 
 # Basic Facts: The New Territory
 #  (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
 # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
 # Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
 
 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
 # On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
 # Pangnirtung wobbled.  Here is the result of their wobble:
 #
 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
 #
 #	First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
 #	Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
 #
 # The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
 #
 #	Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
 #
 # This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
 # No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
 # change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
 # really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
 # They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
 # so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
 # The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
 # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
 # the current state of affairs.
 
 # From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
 # 
 # Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
 # Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
 # central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
 # for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
 # made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
 # for these potential new Zones.
 #
 # The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
 # handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
 # zone] skip daylight savings.  Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
 # Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
 # Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
 # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
 # required to use daylight savings.
 
 # From
 # 
 # Nunavut now has two time zones
 #  (2000-11-10):
 # The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
 # Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
 # one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
 # At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
 # Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
 # the rest of the territory for the winter.  Cambridge Bay remained on
 # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
 # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
 # unified time zone in 1999.
 #
 # From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
 # The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
 # Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
 # The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
 # that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
 # back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern).  Of the
 # cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
 # has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round.  I'm
 # checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
 # more.
 # [Also see  (2001-03-09).]
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
 # According to maps at
 # http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SWE.jpg
 # http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SSE.jpg
 # (both dated 2003), and
 # http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
 # (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
 # for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
 # round.  Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
 # I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
 # predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
 # The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
 # For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
 # daylight saving only during wartime.
 
 # From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
 # ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
 # Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
 # Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
 # daylight saving....
 # http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
 
 # From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
 # Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
 # Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
 # the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
 # decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
 #
 # According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
 # went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
 #
 # On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
 # 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
 # talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
 # to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
 # explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
 # (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
 # i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
 # had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
 # so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
 #
 # On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
 # phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
 # of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
 # information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
 # Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
 # Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
 # and worked in Resolute Bay...
 #
 # On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
 # Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
 # 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
 # on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
 # had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
 # tell me when the practice had stopped.
 #
 # On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
 # somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
 # off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
 # used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
 # businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
 # Aziz:
 # 
 # http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
 # 
 #
 # I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
 # Eastern Standard Time.
 #
 # Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
 # 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
 # of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
 # the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
 #
 # This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
 #
 # I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
 # responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
 # may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
 # search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
 #
 # If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
 # never have contacted her.  I now believe that all the information I
 # obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
 # I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NT_YK	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NT_YK	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1919	only	-	May	25	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NT_YK	1919	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	NT_YK	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
 Rule	NT_YK	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1965	only	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	2:00	DD
 Rule	NT_YK	1965	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1980	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NT_YK	1980	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NT_YK	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # aka Panniqtuuq
 Zone America/Pangnirtung 0	-	zzz	1921 # trading post est.
 			-4:00	NT_YK	A%sT	1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 # formerly Frobisher Bay
 Zone America/Iqaluit	0	-	zzz	1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
 			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 # aka Qausuittuq
 Zone America/Resolute	0	-	zzz	1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
 			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1 3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2006 Oct 29 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2007 Mar 11 3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 # aka Kangiqiniq
 Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0	-	zzz	1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
 			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1 3:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
 # aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
 Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0	-	zzz	1920 # trading post est.?
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
 			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	2000 Nov  5 0:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	2001 Apr  1 3:00
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 Zone America/Yellowknife 0	-	zzz	1935 # Yellowknife founded?
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 Zone America/Inuvik	0	-	zzz	1953 # Inuvik founded
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
 			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
 			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
 Zone America/Whitehorse	-9:00:12 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1966 Jul 1 2:00
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1980
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1973 Oct 28 0:00
 			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1980
 			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
 
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Mexico
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
 # The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
 # Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
 # 
 # history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
 # .
 #
 # Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
 # (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
 # S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
 # S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
 # S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
 # S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
 # There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
 # tz database.  I think they can best be explained by supposing that
 # the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
 # the relevant documents.
 
 # From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
 # A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
 # outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
 #
 # ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
 #
 # I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
 # rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
 #
 # 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
 #    - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
 #    - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
 #    - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
 #
 # 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
 #    at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
 #    BajaNorte: GMT+7
 #    BajaSur:   GMT+6
 #    General:   GMT+5
 #
 # 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
 #    BajaNorte: GMT+8
 #    BajaSur:   GMT+7
 #    General:   GMT+6
 #
 # The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
 #
 # -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
 # For an English translation of the decree, see
 # 
 # ``Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover'' (1996-01-04).
 # 
 
 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
 # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
 
 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
 # Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
 # zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
 # Arizona year round.
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard, translating
 #  (2001-01-17):
 # In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
 # Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
 # year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
 # whole year.
 
 # From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
 #  ... says
 # (translated):...
 # January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
 # that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
 # this year....
 # 
 # [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
 # in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
 # The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
 # story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
 # http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
 # ... Mexico City Mayor Lopez Obrador "...is threatening to keep
 # Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
 # the rest of the country..." In particular, Lopez Obrador would abolish
 # observation of Daylight Saving Time.
 
 # 
 # Official statute published by the Energy Department
 #  (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
 # and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Norgaard (2001-02-03).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
 #
 # 
 # James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
 # 
 # * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
 # * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador decreed that
 #   the Federal District will not adopt DST.
 # * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
 # * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
 #   the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
 #
 # For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard (2001-04-01):
 # I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
 # saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
 # that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
 # saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
 # (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
 # saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
 # Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
 # September 30, 2001.
 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" 
 # Palabra  (2001-03-31)
 
 # From Reuters (2001-09-04):
 # Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
 # unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
 # capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
 # next year....  The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
 # a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
 # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
 # ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
 # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
 # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
 # confirms this.  Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
 #
 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
 # > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
 # > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
 # > the United States.
 # Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
 # 2010, some border regions will be the same:
 # 
 # http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
 # 
 # 
 # http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
 # 
 # (Spanish)
 #
 # Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
 # 
 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
 # 
 # (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
 #
 # There is also a list of the votes here:
 # 
 # http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
 # 
 #
 # Our page:
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
 # 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
 # The page
 # 
 # http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
 # 
 # includes this text:
 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
 # Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
 # Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
 # Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
 # desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
 # fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
 # internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
 # kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
 # interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
 # efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Feb	5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Jun	25	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1940	only	-	Dec	9	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1941	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1943	only	-	Dec	16	0:00	1:00	W # War
 Rule	Mexico	1944	only	-	May	1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1950	only	-	Feb	12	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1950	only	-	Jul	30	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	1996	2000	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	1996	2000	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	2001	only	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	2001	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Mexico	2002	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Mexico	2002	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Quintana Roo
 Zone America/Cancun	-5:47:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
 			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
 			-5:00	Mexico	E%sT	1998 Aug  2  2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Campeche, Yucatan
 Zone America/Merida	-5:58:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
 			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
 			-5:00	-	EST	1982 Dec  2
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (near US border)
 Zone America/Matamoros	-6:40:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1988
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2010
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
 Zone America/Monterrey	-6:41:16 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
 			-6:00	-	CST	1988
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Central Mexico
 Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1 0:23:24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2001 Sep 30 02:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	2002 Feb 20
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 # Chihuahua (near US border)
 Zone America/Ojinaga	-6:57:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan 1 0:02:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1998
 			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010
 			-7:00	US	M%sT
 # Chihuahua (away from US border)
 Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1996
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1998
 			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
 # Sonora
 Zone America/Hermosillo	-7:23:52 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1999
 			-7:00	-	MST
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
 # According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
 #
 # (Spanish)
 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
 # país, a partir de este domingo
 # 
 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
 # 
 #
 # Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
 # País
 # 
 # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50"
 # 
 #
 # (English)
 # Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
 # 
 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
 # 
 #
 # or
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
 # 
 #
 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
 # will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
 # zone ..."
 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
 # Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
 
 Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
 
 Zone America/Bahia_Banderas	-7:01:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
 			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
 			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
 			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
 			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
 			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
 			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1970
 			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010 Apr 4 2:00
 			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
 
 # Baja California (near US border)
 Zone America/Tijuana	-7:48:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
 			-7:00	-	MST	1924
 			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 15
 			-8:00	-	PST	1931 Apr  1
 			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1931 Sep 30
 			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr 24
 			-8:00	1:00	PWT	1945 Aug 14 23:00u
 			-8:00	1:00	PPT	1945 Nov 12 # Peace
 			-8:00	-	PST	1948 Apr  5
 			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1954
 			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1961
 			-8:00	-	PST	1976
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	1996
 			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2001
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	2002 Feb 20
 			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2010
 			-8:00	US	P%sT
 # Baja California (away from US border)
 Zone America/Santa_Isabel	-7:39:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:20:32
 			-7:00	-	MST	1924
 			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
 			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 15
 			-8:00	-	PST	1931 Apr  1
 			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1931 Sep 30
 			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr 24
 			-8:00	1:00	PWT	1945 Aug 14 23:00u
 			-8:00	1:00	PPT	1945 Nov 12 # Peace
 			-8:00	-	PST	1948 Apr  5
 			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1949 Jan 14
 			-8:00	-	PST	1954
 			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1961
 			-8:00	-	PST	1976
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	1996
 			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2001
 			-8:00	US	P%sT	2002 Feb 20
 			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
 # America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
 # through 1995.  This was as per Shanks (1999).  But Shanks & Pottenger say
 # Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975.  Guy Harris reports
 # that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and
 # Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
 # DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then.  This concerns
 # data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
 # other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
 # name or contents should be.
 #
 # Revillagigedo Is
 # no information
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Anguilla
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Anguilla	-4:12:16 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Antigua and Barbuda
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Antigua	-4:07:12 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 			-5:00	-	EST	1951
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Bahamas
 #
 # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
 # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
 # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
 # http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Bahamas	1964	1975	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Bahamas	1964	1975	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Nassau	-5:09:24 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 			-5:00	Bahamas	E%sT	1976
 			-5:00	US	E%sT
 
 # Barbados
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Barb	1977	only	-	Jun	12	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Barb	1977	1978	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Barb	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Barb	1979	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
 Rule	Barb	1980	only	-	Sep	25	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Barbados	-3:58:28 -	LMT	1924		# Bridgetown
 			-3:58:28 -	BMT	1932	  # Bridgetown Mean Time
 			-4:00	Barb	A%sT
 
 # Belize
 # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Belize	1918	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0:30	HD
 Rule	Belize	1919	1943	-	Feb	Sun>=9	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Belize	1973	only	-	Dec	 5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Belize	1974	only	-	Feb	 9	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Belize	1982	only	-	Dec	18	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Belize	1983	only	-	Feb	12	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Belize	-5:52:48 -	LMT	1912 Apr
 			-6:00	Belize	C%sT
 
 # Bermuda
 
 # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
 
 # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
 # in March, until the first Sunday in November.  And, after the Time Zone
 # (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
 # Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
 # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda	-4:19:04 -	LMT	1930 Jan  1 2:00    # Hamilton
 			-4:00	-	AST	1974 Apr 28 2:00
 			-4:00	Bahamas	A%sT	1976
 			-4:00	US	A%sT
 
 # Cayman Is
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890		# Georgetown
 			-5:07:12 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Costa Rica
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	CR	1991	1992	-	Jan	Sat>=15	0:00	1:00	D
 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	CR	1991	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	CR	1992	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	0	S
 # There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:20 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 			-5:36:20 -	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
 			-6:00	CR	C%sT
 # Coco
 # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
 
 # Cuba
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
 # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
 # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
 # the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
 # During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
 # "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
 # Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
 # sleep on 1999-03-28--when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
 # to DST--and one more hour on 1999-04-04--when the announcers will have
 # returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
 
 # From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
 # Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
 # says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
 # thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
 # to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
 # For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
 
 # From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
 # This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
 # adjustment in Cuba.  We will stay in daylight saving time:
 # http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
 # An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
 # the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
 # http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
 # "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
 # watches should be set back one hour -- going back to 00:00 hours -- returning
 # to the normal schedule....
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html, dated yesterday,
 # says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
 # For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
 # except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
 # Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week 
 # earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
 # 
 # He supplied these references:
 # 
 # http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
 # http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
 # 
 # From Alex Kryvenishev (2007-10-25):
 # Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
 # 
 # [Regira] el Horario Normal desde el [proximo] domingo 28 de octubre
 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
 # I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
 # Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
 # 
 # http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
 # , a Cuban information station, and heard
 # the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
 # indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
 # It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
 # It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
 # 
 # http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
 # 
 #
 # Some more background information is posted here:
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
 # 
 #
 # The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
 # while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
 # 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
 # observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
 # which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
 # change some historic records as well.
 #
 # One example:
 # 
 # http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
 # 
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
 # The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
 # web site, the Granma.  Please check out
 # 
 # http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
 # 
 #
 # Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsens information, the change
 # will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
 # Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
 # According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
 # midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
 # not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
 #
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
 # (in Spanish)
 # 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
 # I listened over the Internet to
 # 
 # http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
 # 
 # this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
 # the time was announced as "diez cinco"--the same time as here, indicating
 # that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
 # Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
 # this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
 # changed at all).
 #
 # Source:
 # 
 # http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
 # 
 #
 # Our info:
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
 # 
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
 # Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back 
 # tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
 #
 # One source (Spanish)
 # 
 # http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
 # 
 #
 # Our page:
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
 # 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Cuba	1928	only	-	Jun	10	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1928	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1940	1942	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1940	1942	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1945	1946	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1945	1946	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1965	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1965	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1966	only	-	May	29	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1966	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1967	only	-	Apr	8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1967	1968	-	Sep	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1968	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1969	1977	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1969	1971	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1972	1974	-	Oct	8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1975	1977	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1978	only	-	May	7	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1978	1990	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1979	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1981	1985	-	May	Sun>=5	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=14	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1990	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1991	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1997	only	-	Oct	12	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	1998	1999	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	1998	2003	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	2000	2004	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2006	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	2007	only	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2008	only	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2009	2010	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2011	only	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2011	only	-	Nov	13	0:00s	0	S
 Rule	Cuba	2012	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Cuba	2012	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00s	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Havana	-5:29:28 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:29:36 -	HMT	1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
 			-5:00	Cuba	C%sT
 
 # Dominica
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Dominica	-4:05:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul 1 0:01		# Roseau
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Dominican Republic
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
 # Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
 # time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
 # http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
 # That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
 # Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
 # November 28, 2000, with a new decree.  On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
 # Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
 # Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future.  The reason they
 # decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
 # to implement DST.  When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
 # decided to revert.
 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	DR	1966	only	-	Oct	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	DR	1967	only	-	Feb	28	0:00	0	S
 Rule	DR	1969	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	HD
 Rule	DR	1970	only	-	Feb	21	0:00	0	S
 Rule	DR	1971	only	-	Jan	20	0:00	0	S
 Rule	DR	1972	1974	-	Jan	21	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:40	-	SDMT	1933 Apr  1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
 			-5:00	DR	E%sT	1974 Oct 27
 			-4:00	-	AST	2000 Oct 29 02:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	2000 Dec  3 01:00
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # El Salvador
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Salv	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Salv	1987	1988	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 # There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
 # instead of America/San_Salvador.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -	LMT	1921		# San Salvador
 			-6:00	Salv	C%sT
 
 # Grenada
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Grenada	-4:07:00 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# St George's
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Guadeloupe
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Guadeloupe	-4:06:08 -	LMT	1911 Jun 8	# Pointe a Pitre
 			-4:00	-	AST
 # St Barthelemy
 Link America/Guadeloupe	America/St_Barthelemy
 # St Martin (French part)
 Link America/Guadeloupe	America/Marigot
 
 # Guatemala
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
 # Diario Co Latino, at
 # http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079,
 # says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
 # decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
 # impact of the elevated cost of oil....  Daylight saving time will last from
 # 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
 # The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
 # (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00.  See
 # .
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Guat	1973	only	-	Nov	25	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Guat	1974	only	-	Feb	24	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Guat	1983	only	-	May	21	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Guat	1983	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Guat	1991	only	-	Mar	23	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Guat	1991	only	-	Sep	 7	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Guat	2006	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Guat	2006	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Guatemala	-6:02:04 -	LMT	1918 Oct 5
 			-6:00	Guat	C%sT
 
 # Haiti
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
 # Risto O. Nykanen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
 # I searched for confirmation, and I found a
 #  press release
 # on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
 # .  Translated from French, it says:
 #
 #  "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
 #   and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
 #   Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
 #   provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
 #   Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
 #
 #  "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
 #   the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
 #   starting at midnight.  This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
 #   October 2005.
 #
 #  "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
 # I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
 # last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
 # "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
 # next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
 #
 # I have found this article about it (in French):
 # http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
 #
 # The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
 
 # From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
 # Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Haiti	1983	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1984	1987	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1983	1987	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
 # Go with IATA.
 Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	1:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
 Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:49	-	PPMT	1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
 			-5:00	Haiti	E%sT
 
 # Honduras
 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
 # worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
 # saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
 # months until September.  La Tribuna reported today
 #  that Manuel Zelaya, the president
 # of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
 # It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
 # 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
 # Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08)
 # .
 # It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
 # Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
 # published, I have located this authoritative source:
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
 # http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
 # So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Hond	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Hond	1987	1988	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Hond	2006	only	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Hond	2006	only	-	Aug	Mon>=1	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -	LMT	1921 Apr
 			-6:00	Hond	C%sT
 #
 # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
 
 # Jamaica
 
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # Follows US rules.
 
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # JAMAICA             5 H  BEHIND UTC
 
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Jamaica	-5:07:12 -	LMT	1890		# Kingston
 			-5:07:12 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST	1974 Apr 28 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1984
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Martinique
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Martinique	-4:04:20 -      LMT	1890		# Fort-de-France
 			-4:04:20 -	FFMT	1911 May     # Fort-de-France MT
 			-4:00	-	AST	1980 Apr  6
 			-4:00	1:00	ADT	1980 Sep 28
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Montserrat
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
 # world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Montserrat	-4:08:52 -	LMT	1911 Jul 1 0:01   # Cork Hill
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Nicaragua
 #
 # This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
 # I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
 # DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
 # expensive petroleum.  The exact end date for DST is not yet
 # announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
 # Some background information is available on the President's official site:
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
 # The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
 # The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
 # assume that it is daylight saving....
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
 # The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
 # http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
 # and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish):  "The last
 # time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
 # during the Arnoldo Aleman administration."...
 # The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
 # since December 1998.  I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
 # changes in 2000.  Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
 # the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
 #
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
 # Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
 # (2005-09-26)
 #
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
 # http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
 # (my informal translation)
 # By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolanos, Nicaragua
 # advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
 # morning, and will stay that way until 30.th. of september.
 #
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
 # http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
 # My informal translation runs:
 # The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
 # time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Nic	1979	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Nic	1979	1980	-	Jun	Mon>=23	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Nic	2005	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Nic	2005	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Nic	2006	only	-	Apr	30	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Nic	2006	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	1:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Managua	-5:45:08 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:45:12 -	MMT	1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
 			-6:00	-	CST	1973 May
 			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Feb 16
 			-6:00	Nic	C%sT	1992 Jan  1 4:00
 			-5:00	-	EST	1992 Sep 24
 			-6:00	-	CST	1993
 			-5:00	-	EST	1997
 			-6:00	Nic	C%sT
 
 # Panama
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Panama	-5:18:08 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:19:36 -	CMT	1908 Apr 22   # Colon Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Puerto Rico
 # There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use `Puerto_Rico'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -	LMT	1899 Mar 28 12:00    # San Juan
 			-4:00	-	AST	1942 May  3
 			-4:00	US	A%sT	1946
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # St Kitts-Nevis
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/St_Kitts	-4:10:52 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2	# Basseterre
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # St Lucia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/St_Lucia	-4:04:00 -	LMT	1890		# Castries
 			-4:04:00 -	CMT	1912	    # Castries Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # St Pierre and Miquelon
 # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use `Miquelon'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15	# St Pierre
 			-4:00	-	AST	1980 May
 			-3:00	-	PMST	1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
 			-3:00	Canada	PM%sT
 
 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/St_Vincent	-4:04:56 -	LMT	1890		# Kingstown
 			-4:04:56 -	KMT	1912	   # Kingstown Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Turks and Caicos
 #
 # From Chris Dunn in
 # 
 # (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
 # daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
 # the recent U.S. change of dates.
 #
 # From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
 # http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
 # there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
 # rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
 # "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
 # Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-01):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1998)
 # says they switch at midnight.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	TC	1979	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	TC	1979	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	TC	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	TC	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	TC	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Grand_Turk	-4:44:32 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:07:12 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
 			-5:00	TC	E%sT
 
 # British Virgin Is
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Tortola	-4:18:28 -	LMT	1911 Jul    # Road Town
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Virgin Is
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/St_Thomas	-4:19:44 -	LMT	1911 Jul    # Charlotte Amalie
 			-4:00	-	AST
diff --git a/contrib/tzdata/southamerica b/contrib/tzdata/southamerica
index 6012005c4850..45632b4cc6d6 100644
--- a/contrib/tzdata/southamerica
+++ b/contrib/tzdata/southamerica
@@ -1,1662 +1,1701 @@
 # 
-# @(#)southamerica	8.52
+# @(#)southamerica	8.53
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
 #
 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
 #
 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
 #
 # Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
 # ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
 # suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
 #	I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
 #	_daylight-saving time_.  _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
 #	in Europe and South America.
 #	-- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
 #	H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
 #
 # Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
 # for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
 # "summer time".  Reinaldo Goulart, a Sao Paulo businessman active in
 # the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
 #	The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
 #	Brazil.  Let's say that "the Brasilia time" is considered the
 #	"official time" because Brasilia is the capital city.
 #	The other three time zones are called "Brasilia time "minus one" or
 #	"plus one" or "plus two".  As far as I know there is no such
 #	name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
 # So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #		std	dst
 #	-2:00	FNT	FNST	Fernando de Noronha
 #	-3:00	BRT	BRST	Brasilia
 #	-4:00	AMT	AMST	Amazon
 #	-5:00	ACT	ACST	Acre
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Argentina
 
 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 # Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
 # Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974.  Switches at midnight.
 
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-199):
 # ARGENTINA           3 H BEHIND   UTC
 
 # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
 # I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table...
 # AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Arg	1930	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1931	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1931	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1932	1940	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1932	1939	-	Nov	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1940	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1941	only	-	Jun	15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1941	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1943	only	-	Aug	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1943	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1946	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1946	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Dec	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1967	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1967	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1968	1969	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	Jan	23	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1988	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 #
 # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
 # These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
 # obtaining the data from the:
 # Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina
 # (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
 Rule	Arg	1989	1993	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	1989	1992	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 #
 # From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
 # From this moment on, the law that mandated the daylight saving
 # time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
 # to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
 #
 # From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
 # On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time,
 # which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours
 # from the International Date Line.
 Rule	Arg	1999	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-12-28):
 # DST was set to expire on March 5, not March 3, but since it was converted
 # to standard time on March 3 it's more convenient for us to pretend that
 # it ended on March 3.
 Rule	Arg	2000	only	-	Mar	3	0:00	0	-
 #
 # From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
 # We just checked with our Sao Paulo office and they say the government of
 # Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
 # So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
 #
 # From Fabian L. Arce Jofre (2000-04-04):
 # The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
 # de la Rua on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
 # in the winter time, rather than less.  The change took effect on March 3.
 #
 # From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
 # one of the major newspapers here in Argentina said that the 1999
 # Timezone Law (which never was effectively applied) will (would?) be
 # in effect.... The article is at
 # http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-06/e-01701.htm
 # ... The Law itself is "Ley No 25155", sanctioned on 1999-08-25, enacted
 # 1999-09-17, and published 1999-09-21.  The official publication is at:
 # http://www.boletin.jus.gov.ar/BON/Primera/1999/09-Septiembre/21/PDF/BO21-09-99LEG.PDF
 # Regretfully, you have to subscribe (and pay) for the on-line version....
 #
 # (2001-06-12):
 # the timezone for Argentina will not change next Sunday.
 # Apparently it will do so on Sunday 24th....
 # http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-12/s-03501.htm
 #
 # (2001-06-25):
 # Last Friday (yes, the last working day before the date of the change), the
 # Senate annulled the 1999 law that introduced the changes later postponed.
 # http://www.clarin.com.ar/diario/2001-06-22/s-03601.htm
 # It remains the vote of the Deputies..., but it will be the same....
 # This kind of things had always been done this way in Argentina.
 # We are still -03:00 all year round in all of the country.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-12-21):
 # A user (Leonardo Chaim) reported that Argentina will adopt DST....
 # all of the country (all Zone-entries) are affected.  News reports like
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/opinion/nota.asp?nota_id=973037 indicate
 # that Argentina will use DST next year as well, from October to
 # March, although exact rules are not given.
 #
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
 # The last hurdle of Argentina DST is over, the proposal was approved in
 # the lower chamber too (Deputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
 # By the way thanks to Mariano Absatz and Daniel Mario Vega for the link to
 # the original scanned proposal, where the dates and the zero hours are
 # clear and unambiguous...This is the article about final approval:
 # 
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/nota.asp?nota_id=973996
 # 
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-12-22):
 # For dates after mid-2008, the following rules are my guesses and
 # are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-09-05):
 # As per message from Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz (Nicaragua),
 # Argentina will start DST on Sunday October 19, 2008.
 #
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina03.html
 # 
 # OR
 # 
 # http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=57832 (in spanish)
 # 
 
 # From Rodrigo Severo (2008-10-06):
 # Here is some info available at a Gentoo bug related to TZ on Argentina's DST:
 # ...
 # ------- Comment #1 from [jmdocile]  2008-10-06 16:28 0000 -------
 # Hi, there is a problem with timezone-data-2008e and maybe with
 # timezone-data-2008f
 # Argentinian law [Number] 25.155 is no longer valid.
 # 
 # http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/60000-64999/60036/norma.htm
 # 
 # The new one is law [Number] 26.350
 # 
 # http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/135000-139999/136191/norma.htm
 # 
 # So there is no summer time in Argentina for now.
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2008-10-20):
 # Decree 1693/2008 applies Law 26.350 for the summer 2008/2009 establishing DST in Argentina
 # From 2008-10-19 until 2009-03-15
 # 
 # http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=16102008&pi=3&pf=4&s=0&sec=01
 # 
 #
 # Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer 2008/2009:
 # Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La Pampa, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz
 # and Tierra del Fuego
 # 
 # http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=17102008&pi=1&pf=1&s=0&sec=01
 # 
 #
 # Press release 235 dated Saturday October 18th, from the Government of the Province of Jujuy saying
 # it will not apply DST either (even when it was not included in Decree 1705/2008)
 # 
 # http://www.jujuy.gov.ar/index2/partes_prensa/18_10_08/235-181008.doc
 # 
 
 # From fullinet (2009-10-18):
 # As announced in
 # 
 # http://www.argentina.gob.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=356
 # 
 # (an official .gob.ar) under title: "Sin Cambio de Hora" (english: "No hour change")
 #
 # "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvio no modificar la hora
 # oficial, decision que estaba en estudio para su implementacion el
 # domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificacion se anuncio
 # que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorologicas, no necesita
 # la modificacion del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
 # crecimiento en la produccion y distribucion energetica."
 
 Rule	Arg	2007	only	-	Dec	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Arg	2008	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
  
 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-05-21):
 # Today it was officially published that the Province of Mendoza is changing
 # its timezone this winter... starting tomorrow night....
 # http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040521-27158-normas.pdf
 # From Paul Eggert (2004-05-24):
 # It's Law No. 7,210.  This change is due to a public power emergency, so for
 # now we'll assume it's for this year only.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # 
 # Hora de verano para la Republica Argentina (2003-06-08)
 #  says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
 # to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25.  Go with this more-precise value
 # over Shanks & Pottenger.
 #
 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-05):
 # These media articles from a major newspaper mostly cover the current state:
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/27/de_604825.asp
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/28/de_605203.asp
 #
 # The following eight (8) provinces pulled clocks back to UTC-04:00 at
 # midnight Monday May 31st. (that is, the night between 05/31 and 06/01).
 # Apparently, all nine provinces would go back to UTC-03:00 at the same
 # time in October 17th.
 #
 # Catamarca, Chubut, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz,
 # Tierra del Fuego, Tucuman.
 #
 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-14):
 # ... this weekend, the Province of Tucuman decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
 # yesterday midnight (that is, at 24:00 Saturday 12th), since the people's
 # annoyance with the change is much higher than the power savings obtained....
 #
 # From Gwillim Law (2004-06-14):
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/06/10/de_609078.asp ...
 #     "The time change in Tierra del Fuego was a conflicted decision from
 #   the start.  The government had decreed that the measure would take
 #   effect on June 1, but a normative error forced the new time to begin
 #   three days earlier, from a Saturday to a Sunday....
 # Our understanding was that the change was originally scheduled to take place
 # on June 1 at 00:00 in Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego (and some other
 # provinces).  Sunday was May 30, only two days earlier.  So the article
 # contains a contradiction.  I would give more credence to the Saturday/Sunday
 # date than the "three days earlier" phrase, and conclude that Tierra del
 # Fuego set its clocks back at 2004-05-30 00:00.
 #
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-05):
 # The previous law 7210 which changed the province of Mendoza's time zone
 # back in May have been modified slightly in a new law 7277, which set the
 # new end date to 2004-09-26 (original date was 2004-10-17).
 # http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040924-27244-normas.pdf
 #
 # From Mariano Absatz (2004-10-05):
 # San Juan changed from UTC-03:00 to UTC-04:00 at midnight between
 # Sunday, May 30th and Monday, May 31st.  It changed back to UTC-03:00
 # at midnight between Saturday, July 24th and Sunday, July 25th....
 # http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000329.html
 # http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000426.html
 # http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000441.html
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-01-17):
 # Here are articles that Argentina Province San Luis is planning to end DST
 # as earlier as upcoming Monday January 21, 2008 or February 2008:
 #
 # Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del pais
 # (Argentine Province delayed clock and mark difference with the rest of the
 # country)
 # 
 # http://cl.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200801171849_EFE_ET4373&idtel
 # 
 #
 # Es inminente que en San Luis atrasen una hora los relojes
 # (It is imminent in San Luis clocks one hour delay)
 # 
 # http://www.lagaceta.com.ar/vernotae.asp?id_nota=253414
 # 
 #
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_argentina02.html
 # 
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
 # The page of the San Luis provincial government
 # 
 # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=0&id=22812
 # 
 # confirms what Alex Krivenyshev has earlier sent to the tz
 # emailing list about that San Luis plans to return to standard
 # time much earlier than the rest of the country. It also
 # confirms that upon request the provinces San Juan and Mendoza 
 # refused to follow San Luis in this change. 
 # 
 # The change is supposed to take place Monday the 21.st at 0:00
 # hours. As far as I understand it if this goes ahead, we need
 # a new timezone for San Luis (although there are also documented
 # independent changes in the southamerica file of San Luis in
 # 1990 and 1991 which has not been confirmed).
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
 # Unfortunately the below page has become defunct, about the San Luis
 # time change. Perhaps because it now is part of a group of pages "Most
 # important pages of 2008."
 #
 # You can use
 # 
 # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=8141&id=22834
 # 
 # instead it seems. Or use "Buscador" from the main page of the San Luis
 # government, and fill in "huso" and click OK, and you will get 3 pages
 # from which the first one is identical to the above.
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2008-01-28):
 # I can confirm that the Province of San Luis (and so far only that
 # province) decided to go back to UTC-3 effective midnight Jan 20th 2008
 # (that is, Monday 21st at 0:00 is the time the clocks were delayed back
 # 1 hour), and they intend to keep UTC-3 as their timezone all year round
 # (that is, unless they change their mind any minute now).
 #
 # So we'll have to add yet another city to 'southamerica' (I think San
 # Luis city is the mos populated city in the Province, so it'd be
 # America/Argentina/San_Luis... of course I can't remember if San Luis's
 # history of particular changes goes along with Mendoza or San Juan :-(
 # (I only remember not being able to collect hard facts about San Luis
 # back in 2004, when these provinces changed to UTC-4 for a few days, I
 # mailed them personally and never got an answer).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
 # Unless otherwise specified, data are from Shanks & Pottenger through 1992,
 # from the IATA otherwise.  As noted below, Shanks & Pottenger say that
 # America/Cordoba split into 6 subregions during 1991/1992, one of which
 # was America/San_Luis, but we haven't verified this yet so for now we'll
 # keep America/Cordoba a single region rather than splitting it into the
 # other 5 subregions.
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2009-03-13):
 # Yesterday (with our usual 2-day notice) the Province of San Luis
 # decided that next Sunday instead of "staying" @utc-03:00 they will go
 # to utc-04:00 until the second Saturday in October...
 #
 # The press release is at
 # 
 # http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/SL/Paginas/NoticiaDetalle.asp?TemaId=1&InfoPrensaId=3102
 # 
 # (I couldn't find the decree, but
 # 
 # www.sanluis.gov.ar
 # 
 # is the official page for the Province Government).
 #
 # There's also a note in only one of the major national papers (La Nación) at
 # 
 # http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1107912
 # 
 # 
 # The press release says:
 #  (...) anunció que el próximo domingo a las 00:00 los puntanos deberán
 # atrasar una hora sus relojes.
 #
 # A partir de entonces, San Luis establecerá el huso horario propio de
 # la Provincia. De esta manera, durante el periodo del calendario anual
 # 2009, el cambio horario quedará comprendido entre las 00:00 del tercer
 # domingo de marzo y las 24:00 del segundo sábado de octubre.
 # Quick&dirty translation
 # (...) announced that next Sunday, at 00:00, Puntanos (the San Luis
 # inhabitants) will have to turn back one hour their clocks
 #
 # Since then, San Luis will establish its own Province timezone. Thus,
 # during 2009, this timezone change will run from 00:00 the third Sunday
 # in March until 24:00 of the second Saturday in October.
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2009-10-16):
 # ...the Province of San Luis is a case in itself.
 #
 # The Law at
 # 
 # is ambiguous because establishes a calendar from the 2nd Sunday in
 # October at 0:00 thru the 2nd Saturday in March at 24:00 and the
 # complement of that starting on the 2nd Sunday of March at 0:00 and
 # ending on the 2nd Saturday of March at 24:00.
 #
 # This clearly breaks every time the 1st of March or October is a Sunday.
 #
 # IMHO, the "spirit of the Law" is to make the changes at 0:00 on the 2nd
 # Sunday of October and March.
 #
 # The problem is that the changes in the rest of the Provinces that did
 # change in 2007/2008, were made according to the Federal Law and Decrees
 # that did so on the 3rd Sunday of October and March.
 #
 # In fact, San Luis actually switched from UTC-4 to UTC-3 last Sunday
 # (October 11th) at 0:00.
 #
 # So I guess a new set of rules, besides "Arg", must be made and the last
 # America/Argentina/San_Luis entries should change to use these...
 #
 # I'm enclosing a patch that does what I say... regretfully, the San Luis
 # timezone must be called "WART/WARST" even when most of the time (like,
 # right now) WARST == ART... that is, since last Sunday, all the country
 # is using UTC-3, but in my patch, San Luis calls it "WARST" and the rest
 # of the country calls it "ART".
 # ...
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-09):
 # According to news reports from El Diario de la Republica Province San
 # Luis, Argentina (standard time UTC-04) will keep Daylight Saving Time
 # after April 11, 2010--will continue to have same time as rest of
 # Argentina (UTC-3) (no DST).
 #
 # Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
 # 
 # http://www.eldiariodelarepublica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29383&Itemid=9
 # 
 # or (some English translation):
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina08.html
 # 
 
 # From Mariano Absatz (2010-04-12):
 # yes...I can confirm this...and given that San Luis keeps calling
 # UTC-03:00 "summer time", we should't just let San Luis go back to "Arg"
 # rules...San Luis is still using "Western ARgentina Time" and it got
 # stuck on Summer daylight savings time even though the summer is over.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
 Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
 #
 # Cordoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
 # Chaco (CC), Formosa (FM), Santiago del Estero (SE)
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger also make the following claims, which we haven't verified:
 # - Formosa switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-07.
 # - Misiones switched to -3:00 on 1990-12-29.
 # - Chaco switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-04.
 # - Santiago del Estero switched to -4:00 on 1991-04-01,
 #   then to -3:00 on 1991-04-26.
 #
 Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
 #
 # Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquen (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
 Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Tucuman (TM)
 Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 13
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT
 #
 # La Rioja (LR)
 Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 May  7
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # San Juan (SJ)
 Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 May  7
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 31
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jul 25
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Jujuy (JY)
 Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 -	LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990 Mar  4
 			-4:00	-	WART	1990 Oct 28
 			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1991 Mar 17
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct  6
 			-3:00	1:00	ARST	1992
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
 Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Mendoza (MZ)
 Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990 Mar  4
 			-4:00	-	WART	1990 Oct 15
 			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1991 Mar  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 15
 			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1992 Mar  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	1992 Oct 18
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 23
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Sep 26
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # San Luis (SL)
 
 Rule	SanLuis	2008	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
 Rule	SanLuis	2007	2009	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	S
 
 Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1990
 			-3:00	1:00	ARST	1990 Mar 14
 			-4:00	-	WART	1990 Oct 15
 			-4:00	1:00	WARST	1991 Mar  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Jun  1
 			-3:00	-	ART	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	1:00	WARST	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 31
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jul 25
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Jan 21
 			-4:00	SanLuis	WAR%sT
 #
 # Santa Cruz (SC)
 Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Tierra del Fuego, Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (TF)
 Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
 			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 30
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Oct 18
 			-3:00	-	ART
 
 # Aruba
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Aruba	-4:40:24 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12	# Oranjestad
 			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Bolivia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:32:36 -	CMT	1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
 			-4:32:36 1:00	BOST	1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
 			-4:00	-	BOT	# Bolivia Time
 
 # Brazil
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
 # The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules
 # just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade.
 # The rule change lasted only part of the day;
 # the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business
 # was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon.
 
 # From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
 # _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
 # Santa Catarina (SC), Parana (PR), Sao Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
 # Espirito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goias (GO),
 # Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
 # [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
 
 # From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
 # Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goias until 1989), and other
 # sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
 # always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
 # The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91.  Each issue from then until
 # 9/95 says that DST is observed only in the ten states I quoted from 9/95,
 # along with Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), which are in BR2
 # (UTC-4)....  The other two time zones given for Brazil are BR3, which is
 # UTC-5, no DST, and applies only in the state of Acre (AC); and BR4, which is
 # UTC-2, and applies to Fernando de Noronha (formerly FN, but I believe it's
 # become part of the state of Pernambuco).  The boundary between BR1 and BR2
 # has never been clearly stated.  They've simply been called East and West.
 # However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
 # Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil.  For each
 # airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM.  From that
 # information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapa (AP), Ceara (CE),
 # Maranhao (MA), Paraiba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piaui (PI), and Rio Grande do
 # Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Para (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
 
 # From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
 # 
 # Brazilian official page
 # 
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard (2000-11-03):
 # [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
 # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
 # http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm
 
 # From Celso Doria via David Madeo (2002-10-09):
 # The reason for the delay this year has to do with elections in Brazil.
 #
 # Unlike in the United States, elections in Brazil are 100% computerized and
 # the results are known almost immediately.  Yesterday, it was the first
 # round of the elections when 115 million Brazilians voted for President,
 # Governor, Senators, Federal Deputies, and State Deputies.  Nobody is
 # counting (or re-counting) votes anymore and we know there will be a second
 # round for the Presidency and also for some Governors.  The 2nd round will
 # take place on October 27th.
 #
 # The reason why the DST will only begin November 3rd is that the thousands
 # of electoral machines used cannot have their time changed, and since the
 # Constitution says the elections must begin at 8:00 AM and end at 5:00 PM,
 # the Government decided to postpone DST, instead of changing the Constitution
 # (maybe, for the next elections, it will be possible to change the clock)...
 
 # From Rodrigo Severo (2004-10-04):
 # It's just the biannual change made necessary by the much hyped, supposedly
 # modern Brazilian eletronic voting machines which, apparently, can't deal
 # with a time change between the first and the second rounds of the elections.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-20):
 # Brazil will start DST on 2007-10-14 00:00 and end on 2008-02-17 00:00:
 # http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do;jsessionid=BBA06811AFCAAC28F0285210913513DA?newsId=13975
 
 # From Paul Schulze (2008-06-24):
 # ...by law number 11.662 of April 24, 2008 (published in the "Diario
 # Oficial da Uniao"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
 # effective today (00:00am at June 24, 2008) as follows:
 #
 # a) The timezone UTC+5 is e[x]tinguished, with all the Acre state and the
 # part of the Amazonas state that had this timezone now being put to the
 # timezone UTC+4
 # b) The whole Para state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
 # part of it, as was before.
 #
 # This change follows a proposal of senator Tiao Viana of Acre state, that
 # proposed it due to concerns about open television channels displaying
 # programs inappropriate to youths in the states that had the timezone
 # UTC+5 too early in the night. In the occasion, some more corrections
 # were proposed, trying to unify the timezones of any given state. This
 # change modifies timezone rules defined in decree 2.784 of 18 June,
 # 1913.
 
 # From Rodrigo Severo (2008-06-24):
 # Just correcting the URL:
 # 
 # https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=do&secao=1&pagina=1&data=25/04/2008
 # 
 #
 # As a result of the above Decree I believe the America/Rio_Branco
 # timezone shall be modified from UTC-5 to UTC-4 and a new timezone shall
 # be created to represent the...west side of the Para State. I
 # suggest this new timezone be called Santarem as the most
 # important/populated city in the affected area.
 #
 # This new timezone would be the same as the Rio_Branco timezone up to
 # the 2008/06/24 change which would be to UTC-3 instead of UTC-4.
 
 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-24):
 # This is a quick reference page for New and Old Brazil Time Zones map.
 # 
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/brazil-time-new-old.php
 # 
 #
 # - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones-eliminating time zone UTC- 05
 # (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT- 04) - western
 # part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC- 03 (from UTC -04).
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10):
 # The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from
 # 
 # Decretos sobre o Horario de Verao no Brasil
 # .
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-29):
 # As announced by the government and many newspapers in Brazil late
 # yesterday, Brazil will start DST on 2008-10-19 (need to change rule) and
 # it will end on 2009-02-15 (current rule for Brazil is fine). Based on
 # past years experience with the elections, there was a good chance that
 # the start was postponed to November, but it did not happen this year.
 #
 # It has not yet been posted to http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
 #
 # An official page about it:
 # 
 # http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do?newsId=16722
 # 
 # Note that this link does not always work directly, but must be accessed
 # by going to
 # 
 # http://www.mme.gov.br/first
 # 
 #
 # One example link that works directly:
 # 
 # http://jornale.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13530&Itemid=54
 # (Portuguese)
 # 
 #
 # We have a written a short article about it as well:
 # 
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-dst-2008-2009.html
 # 
 #
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-04):
 # State Bahia will return to Daylight savings time this year after 8 years off.
 # The announcement was made by Governor Jaques Wagner in an interview to a 
 # television station in Salvador. 
 
 # In Portuguese:
 # 
 # http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2011/10/governador-jaques-wagner-confirma-horario-de-verao-na-bahia.html
 #  and
 # 
 # http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI5390887-EI8139,00-Bahia+volta+a+ter+horario+de+verao+apos+oito+anos.html
 # 
 
 # From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-07):
 # There is news in the media, however there is still no decree about it.
 # I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandão at
 # http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the
 # oficial agency about time in Brazil, and she confirmed that the old rule is
 # still in force.
 
 # From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-14)
 # It's official, the President signed a decree that includes Bahia in summer
 # time.
 #	 [ and in a second message (same day): ]
 # I found the decree.
 #
 # DECRETO No- 7.584, DE 13 DE OUTUBRO DE 2011
 # Link :
 # 
 # http://www.in.gov.br/visualiza/index.jsp?data=13/10/2011&jornal=1000&pagina=6&totalArquivos=6
 # 
 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Decree 20,466 (1931-10-01)
 # Decree 21,896 (1932-01-10)
 Rule	Brazil	1931	only	-	Oct	 3	11:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1932	1933	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1932	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 23,195 (1933-10-10)
 # revoked DST.
 # Decree 27,496 (1949-11-24)
 # Decree 27,998 (1950-04-13)
 Rule	Brazil	1949	1952	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1950	only	-	Apr	16	 1:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1951	1952	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 32,308 (1953-02-24)
 Rule	Brazil	1953	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 34,724 (1953-11-30)
 # revoked DST.
 # Decree 52,700 (1963-10-18)
 # established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
 # in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
 # Decree 53,071 (1963-12-03)
 # extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
 Rule	Brazil	1963	only	-	Dec	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 53,604 (1964-02-25)
 # extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
 Rule	Brazil	1964	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 55,639 (1965-01-27)
 Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Mar	31	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 57,303 (1965-11-22)
 Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 57,843 (1966-02-18)
 Rule	Brazil	1966	1968	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1966	1967	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 63,429 (1968-10-15)
 # revoked DST.
 # Decree 91,698 (1985-09-27)
 Rule	Brazil	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
 # Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
 Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
 Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Feb	14	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 94,922 (1987-09-22)
 Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 96,676 (1988-09-12)
 # except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
 Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Jan	29	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 98,077 (1989-08-21)
 # with the same exceptions
 Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Oct	15	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 99,530 (1990-09-17)
 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
 # Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
 Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Feb	17	 0:00	0	-
 # Unnumbered decree (1991-09-25)
 # adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
 Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Oct	20	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Feb	 9	 0:00	0	-
 # Unnumbered decree (1992-10-16)
 # adopted by same states.
 Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1993	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 942 (1993-09-28)
 # adopted by same states, plus AM.
 # Decree 1,252 (1994-09-22;
 # web page corrected 2004-01-07) adopted by same states, minus AM.
 # Decree 1,636 (1995-09-14)
 # adopted by same states, plus MT and TO.
 # Decree 1,674 (1995-10-13)
 # adds AL, SE.
 Rule	Brazil	1993	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=11	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1994	1995	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 2,000 (1996-09-04)
 # adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
 Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	-
 # From Daniel C. Sobral (1998-02-12):
 # In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
 # because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
 # they bought the wrong times on satellite for coverage of Pope's visit.
 # This year, the ending date of DS was postponed to March 1
 # to help dealing with the shortages of electric power.
 #
 # Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
 Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 2,495
 # (1998-02-10)
 Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 2,780 (1998-09-11)
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Oct	11	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Feb	21	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 3,150
 # (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
 # Decree 3,188 (1999-09-30)
 # adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
 Rule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	2000	only	-	Feb	27	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 3,592 (2000-09-06)
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 # Decree 3,630 (2000-10-13)
 # repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
 # Decree 3,632 (2000-10-17)
 # repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
 # Decree 3,916
 # (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
 Rule	Brazil	2000	2001	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	2001	2006	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
 # 4,399
 Rule	Brazil	2002	only	-	Nov	 3	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO.
 # 4,844
 Rule	Brazil	2003	only	-	Oct	19	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 5,223 (2004-10-01) reestablishes DST in MT.
 # 5,223
 Rule	Brazil	2004	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 5,539 (2005-09-19),
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	2005	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Decree 5,920 (2006-10-03),
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	2006	only	-	Nov	 5	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	2007	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	0	-
 # Decree 6,212 (2007-09-26),
 # adopted by the same states as before.
 Rule	Brazil	2007	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	S
 # From Frederico A. C. Neves (2008-09-10):
 # Acording to this decree
 # 
 # http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2008/Decreto/D6558.htm
 # 
 # [t]he DST period in Brazil now on will be from the 3rd Oct Sunday to the
 # 3rd Feb Sunday. There is an exception on the return date when this is
 # the Carnival Sunday then the return date will be the next Sunday...
 Rule	Brazil	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Brazil	2008	2011	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2012	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2013	2014	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2015	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2016	2022	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2023	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2024	2025	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2026	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2027	2033	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2034	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2035	2036	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Brazil	2037	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-09-29):
 # The next is wrong in some years but is better than nothing.
 Rule	Brazil	2038	max	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 
 # The latest ruleset listed above says that the following states observe DST:
 # DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
 # Fernando de Noronha (administratively part of PE)
 Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
 			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	1990 Sep 17
 			-2:00	-	FNT	1999 Sep 30
 			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	2000 Oct 15
 			-2:00	-	FNT	2001 Sep 13
 			-2:00	Brazil	FN%sT	2002 Oct  1
 			-2:00	-	FNT
 # Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
 # These include Trindade and Martin Vaz (administratively part of ES),
 # Atol das Rocas (RN), and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo (PE).
 # Fernando de Noronha was a separate territory from 1942-09-02 to 1989-01-01;
 # it also included the Penedos.
 #
 # Amapa (AP), east Para (PA)
 # East Para includes Belem, Maraba, Serra Norte, and Sao Felix do Xingu.
 # The division between east and west Para is the river Xingu.
 # In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
 # the border with Amapa) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
 Zone America/Belem	-3:13:56 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # west Para (PA)
 # West Para includes Altamira, Oribidos, Prainha, Oriximina, and Santarem.
 Zone America/Santarem	-3:38:48 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-4:00	-	AMT	2008 Jun 24 00:00
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Maranhao (MA), Piaui (PI), Ceara (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
 # Paraiba (PB)
 Zone America/Fortaleza	-2:34:00 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2000 Oct 22
 			-3:00	-	BRT	2001 Sep 13
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2002 Oct  1
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands)
 Zone America/Recife	-2:19:36 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2000 Oct 15
 			-3:00	-	BRT	2001 Sep 13
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2002 Oct  1
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Tocantins (TO)
 Zone America/Araguaina	-3:12:48 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Sep 14
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2003 Sep 24
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
 Zone America/Maceio	-2:22:52 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1990 Sep 17
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Oct 13
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1996 Sep  4
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1999 Sep 30
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2000 Oct 22
 			-3:00	-	BRT	2001 Sep 13
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2002 Oct  1
 			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Bahia (BA)
 # There are too many Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/Bahia instead
 # of America/Salvador.
 Zone America/Bahia	-2:34:04 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2003 Sep 24
 			-3:00	-	BRT	2011 Oct 16
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
 #
 # Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
 # Espirito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Sao Paulo (SP), Parana (PR),
 # Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
 Zone America/Sao_Paulo	-3:06:28 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	1963 Oct 23 00:00
 			-3:00	1:00	BRST	1964
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
 #
 # Mato Grosso do Sul (MS)
 Zone America/Campo_Grande -3:38:28 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT
 #
 # Mato Grosso (MT)
 Zone America/Cuiaba	-3:44:20 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	2003 Sep 24
 			-4:00	-	AMT	2004 Oct  1
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT
 #
 # Rondonia (RO)
 Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
 # Roraima (RR)
 Zone America/Boa_Vista	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-4:00	-	AMT	1999 Sep 30
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	2000 Oct 15
 			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
 # east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutai, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
 # The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
 # east from west Amazonas.
 Zone America/Manaus	-4:00:04 -	LMT	1914
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-4:00	-	AMT	1993 Sep 28
 			-4:00	Brazil	AM%sT	1994 Sep 22
 			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
 # west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
 #	Eirunepe, Envira, Ipixuna
 Zone America/Eirunepe	-4:39:28 -	LMT	1914
 			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-5:00	-	ACT	1993 Sep 28
 			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1994 Sep 22
 			-5:00	-	ACT	2008 Jun 24 00:00
 			-4:00	-	AMT
 #
 # Acre (AC)
 Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 			-5:00	Brazil	AC%sT	1988 Sep 12
 			-5:00	-	ACT	2008 Jun 24 00:00
 			-4:00	-	AMT
 
 # Chile
 
 # From Eduardo Krell (1995-10-19):
 # The law says to switch to DST at midnight [24:00] on the second SATURDAY
 # of October....  The law is the same for March and October.
 # (1998-09-29):
 # Because of the drought this year, the government decided to go into
 # DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ...
 # (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess).
 
 # From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18):
 # Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
 # on April 3, (one-time change).
 
 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2006-10-08):
 # http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
 
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-08):
 # I think that there are some obvious mistakes in the suggested link
 # from Oscar van Vlijmen,... for instance entry 66 says that GMT-4
 # ended 1990-09-12 while entry 67 only begins GMT-3 at 1990-09-15
 # (they should have been 1990-09-15 and 1990-09-16 respectively), but
 # anyhow it clears up some doubts too.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-27):
 # The following data for Chile and America/Santiago are from
 #  (2006-09-20), transcribed by
 # Jesper Norgaard Welen.  The data for Pacific/Easter are from Shanks
 # & Pottenger, except with DST transitions after 1932 cloned from
 # America/Santiago.  The pre-1980 Pacific/Easter data are dubious,
 # but we have no other source.
 
 # From German Poo-Caaman~o (2008-03-03):
 # Due to drought, Chile extends Daylight Time in three weeks.  This
 # is one-time change (Saturday 3/29 at 24:00 for America/Santiago
 # and Saturday 3/29 at 22:00 for Pacific/Easter)
 # The Supreme Decree is located at 
 # 
 # http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf
 # 
 # and the instructions for 2008 are located in:
 # 
 # http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
 # .
 
 # From Jose Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
 # ...
 # You could see the announces of the change on 
 # 
 # http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm
 # .
 
 # From Angel Chiang (2010-03-04):
 # Subject: DST in Chile exceptionally extended to 3 April due to earthquake
 # 
 # http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewNoticia.aspx?idArticulo=30098
 # 
 # (in Spanish, last paragraph).
 #
 # This is breaking news. There should be more information available later.
 
 # From Arthur Daivd Olson (2010-03-06):
 # Angel Chiang's message confirmed by Julio Pacheco; Julio provided a patch.
 
 # From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-02): [geychaner@mac.com]
 # It appears that the Chilean government has decided to postpone the
 # change from summer time to winter time again, by three weeks to April
 # 2nd:
 # 
 # http://www.emol.com/noticias/nacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=467651
 # 
 #
 # This is not yet reflected in the offical "cambio de hora" site, but
 # probably will be soon:
 # 
 # http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
 # 
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-03-02):
 # The emol.com article mentions a water shortage as the cause of the
 # postponement, which may mean that it's not a permanent change.
 
 # From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-28):
 # The article:
 # 
 # http://diario.elmercurio.com/2011/03/28/_portada/_portada/noticias/7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E.htm?id=3D{7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E}
 # 
 #
 # In English:
 # Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead
 # of this Saturday. They will go forward again the 3rd Saturday in
 # August, not in October as they have since 1968. This is a pilot plan
 # which will be reevaluated in 2012.
 
+# From Mauricio Parada (2012-02-22), translated by Glenn Eychaner (2012-02-23):
+# As stated in the website of the Chilean Energy Ministry
+# http://www.minenergia.cl/ministerio/noticias/generales/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de.html
+# The Chilean Government has decided to postpone the entrance into winter time
+# (to leave DST) from March 11 2012 to April 28th 2012. The decision has not
+# been yet formalized but it will within the next days.
+# Quote from the website communication:
+#
+# 6. For the year 2012, the dates of entry into winter time will be as follows:
+# a. Saturday April 28, 2012, clocks should go back 60 minutes; that is, at
+# 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be 23:00
+# of the same day.
+# b. Saturday, September 1, 2012, clocks should go forward 60 minutes; that is,
+# at 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be
+# 01:00 on September 2.
+#
+# Note that...this is yet another "temporary" change that will be reevaluated
+# AGAIN in 2013.
+
+# NOTE: ChileAQ rules for Antarctic bases are stored separately in the
+# 'antarctica' file.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Chile	1927	1932	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1942	only	-	Jun	 1	4:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1942	only	-	Aug	 1	5:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1946	only	-	Jul	15	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1946	only	-	Sep	 1	3:00u	0:00	-
 Rule	Chile	1947	only	-	Apr	 1	4:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1968	only	-	Nov	 3	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1969	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1969	only	-	Nov	23	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1970	only	-	Mar	29	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1971	only	-	Mar	14	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1970	1972	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1972	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1973	only	-	Sep	30	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1974	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1987	only	-	Apr	12	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1988	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1988	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1989	only	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1990	only	-	Mar	18	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1990	only	-	Sep	16	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1991	1996	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1991	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1997	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1998	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1998	only	-	Sep	27	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1999	2010	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	2011	only	-	Aug	Sun>=16	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	2012	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	2000	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 # N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
 # which is used below in specifying the transition.
 Rule	Chile	2008	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2009	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2010	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	2011	only	-	May	Sun>=2	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	2012	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	Chile	2011	only	-	Aug	Sun>=16	4:00u	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	2012	only	-	Apr	Sun>=23	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	Chile	2012	only	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	Chile	2013	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
 # IATA SSIM anomalies: (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
 # (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:46 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1910 	    # Santiago Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	CLT	1916 Jul  1 # Chile Time
 			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1918 Sep  1 # Santiago Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	CLT	1919 Jul  1 # Chile Time
 			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1927 Sep  1 # Santiago Mean Time
 			-5:00	Chile	CL%sT	1947 May 22 # Chile Time
 			-4:00	Chile	CL%sT
 Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:44 -	LMT	1890
 			-7:17:28 -	EMT	1932 Sep    # Easter Mean Time
 			-7:00	Chile	EAS%sT	1982 Mar 13 21:00 # Easter I Time
 			-6:00	Chile	EAS%sT
 #
 # Sala y Gomez Island is like Pacific/Easter.
 # Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernandez Is, San Ambrosio,
 # San Felix, and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
 
 # Colombia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	CO	1992	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	CO	1993	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:20 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
 			-4:56:20 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
 			-5:00	CO	CO%sT	# Colombia Time
 # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
 # no information; probably like America/Bogota
 
 # Curacao
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
 # -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
 # Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
 # 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01.  The former is dubious, since S&P also say
 # Saba Island has been like Curacao.
 # This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
 #
 # By July 2007 Curacao and St Maarten are planned to become
 # associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
 # Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
 # Netherlands as Kingdom Islands.  This won't affect their time zones
 # though, as far as we know.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:44 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12	# Willemstad
 			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
 # At least for now, use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
 # The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen charaters
 # and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
 
 Link	America/Curacao	America/Lower_Princes # Sint Maarten
 Link	America/Curacao	America/Kralendijk # Bonaire, Sint Estatius and Saba
 
 # Ecuador
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-04):
 # Apparently Ecuador had a failed experiment with DST in 1992.
 #  (2007-02-27) and
 #  (2006-11-06) both
 # talk about "hora Sixto".  Leave this alone for now, as we have no data.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Guayaquil	-5:19:20 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:14:00 -	QMT	1931 # Quito Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	ECT	     # Ecuador Time
 Zone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
 			-5:00	-	ECT	1986
 			-6:00	-	GALT	     # Galapagos Time
 
 # Falklands
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Between 1990 and 2000 inclusive, Shanks & Pottenger and the IATA agree except
 # the IATA gives 1996-09-08.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 
 # From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
 # via Jesper Norgaard:
 # ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
 # April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
 # September.  It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
 # am on Sunday 21 April 2002 and advance to summer time at 2 am on
 # Sunday 1 September.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-02-13):
 #
 # I have communicated several times with people there, and the last
 # time I had communications that was helpful was in 1998.  Here is
 # what was said then:
 #
 # "The general rule was that Stanley used daylight saving and the Camp
 # did not. However for various reasons many people in the Camp have
 # started to use daylight saving (known locally as 'Stanley Time')
 # There is no rule as to who uses daylight saving - it is a matter of
 # personal choice and so it is impossible to draw a map showing who
 # uses it and who does not. Any list would be out of date as soon as
 # it was produced. This year daylight saving ended on April 18/19th
 # and started again on September 12/13th.  I do not know what the rule
 # is, but can find out if you like.  We do not change at the same time
 # as UK or Chile."
 #
 # I did have in my notes that the rule was "Second Saturday in Sep at
 # 0:00 until third Saturday in Apr at 0:00".  I think that this does
 # not agree in some cases with Shanks; is this true?
 #
 # Also, there is no mention in the list that some areas in the
 # Falklands do not use DST.  I have found in my communications there
 # that these areas are on the western half of East Falkland and all of
 # West Falkland.  Stanley is the only place that consistently observes
 # DST.  Again, as in other places in the world, the farmers don't like
 # it.  West Falkland is almost entirely sheep farmers.
 #
 # I know one lady there that keeps a list of which farm keeps DST and
 # which doesn't each year.  She runs a shop in Stanley, and says that
 # the list changes each year.  She uses it to communicate to her
 # customers, catching them when they are home for lunch or dinner.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
 # For now, we'll just record the time in Stanley, since we have no
 # better info.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-04-01):
 # The Falkland Islands will not turn back clocks this winter, but stay on
 # daylight saving time.
 #
 # One source:
 # 
 # http://www.falklandnews.com/public/story.cfm?get=5914&source=3
 # 
 #
 # We have gotten this confirmed by a clerk of the legislative assembly:
 # Normally the clocks revert to Local Mean Time (UTC/GMT -4 hours) on the
 # third Sunday of April at 0200hrs and advance to Summer Time (UTC/GMT -3
 # hours) on the first Sunday of September at 0200hrs.
 #
 # IMPORTANT NOTE: During 2011, on a trial basis, the Falkland Islands
 # will not revert to local mean time, but clocks will remain on Summer
 # time (UTC/GMT - 3 hours) throughout the whole of 2011.  Any long term
 # change to local time following the trial period will be notified.
+#
+# From Andrew Newman (2012-02-24)
+# A letter from Justin McPhee, Chief Executive,
+# Cable & Wireless Falkland Islands (dated 2012-02-22)
+# states...
+#   The current Atlantic/Stanley entry under South America expects the
+#   clocks to go back to standard Falklands Time (FKT) on the 15th April.
+#   The database entry states that in 2011 Stanley was staying on fixed
+#   summer time on a trial basis only.  FIG need to contact IANA and/or
+#   the maintainers of the database to inform them we're adopting
+#   the same policy this year and suggest recommendations for future years.
+#
+# For now we will assume permanent summer time for the Falklands
+# until advised differently (to apply for 2012 and beyond, after the 2011
+# experiment was apparently successful.)
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Falk	1937	1938	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1938	1942	-	Mar	Sun>=19	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Falk	1939	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1940	1942	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1943	only	-	Jan	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Falk	1983	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1984	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Falk	1984	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1985	2000	-	Sep	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Falk	1986	2000	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Falk	2012	max	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Falk	2001	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Stanley	-3:51:24 -	LMT	1890
 			-3:51:24 -	SMT	1912 Mar 12  # Stanley Mean Time
 			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	1983 May     # Falkland Is Time
 			-3:00	Falk	FK%sT	1985 Sep 15
-			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT
+			-4:00	Falk	FK%sT	2010 Sep 5 02:00
+			-3:00	-	FKST
 
 # French Guiana
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Cayenne	-3:29:20 -	LMT	1911 Jul
 			-4:00	-	GFT	1967 Oct # French Guiana Time
 			-3:00	-	GFT
 
 # Guyana
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar	# Georgetown
 			-3:45	-	GBGT	1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time
 			-3:45	-	GYT	1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time
 			-3:00	-	GYT	1991
 # IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00.  Assume a 1991 switch.
 			-4:00	-	GYT
 
 # Paraguay
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are from 01:00 -> 02:00,
 # and autumn transitions are from 00:00 -> 23:00.  Go with pre-1999
 # editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Para	1975	1988	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1975	1978	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	1979	1991	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	1989	only	-	Oct	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1990	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1991	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1992	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	1992	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1993	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	1993	1995	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1994	1995	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	1996	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 # IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10; ignore this for now.
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-02):
 # I have three independent reports that Paraguay changed to DST this Sunday
 # (10-01).
 #
 # Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
 # 
 # Noticias, a daily paper in Asuncion, Paraguay (2000-10-01)
 # :
 # Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
 # fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power....  The time change
 # system has been operating for several years.  Formerly there was a separate
 # decree each year; the new law has the same effect, but permanently.  Every
 # year, the time will change on the first Sunday of October; likewise, the
 # clock will be set back on the first Sunday of March.
 #
 Rule	Para	1996	2001	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Para	1997	only	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1999-02-28; IATA SSIM (1999-02) says 1999-02-27, but
 # (1999-09) reports no date; go with above sources and Gerd Knops (2001-02-27).
 Rule	Para	1998	2001	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 # From Rives McDow (2002-02-28):
 # A decree was issued in Paraguay (no. 16350) on 2002-02-26 that changed the
 # dst method to be from the first Sunday in September to the first Sunday in
 # April.
 Rule	Para	2002	2004	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Para	2002	2003	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 #
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
 # There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made
 # a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
 # Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05)
 # From Carlos Raul Perasso via Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
 # 
 Rule	Para	2004	2009	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	2005	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
 # From Carlos Raul Perasso (2010-02-18):
 # By decree number 3958 issued yesterday (
 # 
 # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/decreto3958.pdf
 # 
 # )
 # Paraguay changes its DST schedule, postponing the March rule to April and
 # modifying the October date. The decree reads:
 # ...
 # Art. 1. It is hereby established that from the second Sunday of the month of
 # April of this year (2010), the official time is to be set back 60 minutes,
 # and that on the first Sunday of the month of October, it is to be set
 # forward 60 minutes, in all the territory of the Paraguayan Republic.
 # ...
 Rule	Para	2010	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	2010	max	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890
 			-3:50:40 -	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
 			-4:00	-	PYT	1972 Oct # Paraguay Time
 			-3:00	-	PYT	1974 Apr
 			-4:00	Para	PY%sT
 
 # Peru
 #
 # 
 # From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26):
 # When we were in Peru in 1985-1986, they apparently switched over
 # sometime between December 29 and January 3 while we were on the Amazon.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger don't have this transition.  Assume 1986 was like 1987.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Peru	1938	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1938	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Peru	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1939	1940	-	Mar	Sun>=24	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Peru	1986	1987	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1986	1987	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 # IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Lima	-5:08:12 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:08:36 -	LMT	1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time?
 			-5:00	Peru	PE%sT	# Peru Time
 
 # South Georgia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890		# Grytviken
 			-2:00	-	GST	# South Georgia Time
 
 # South Sandwich Is
 # uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
 
 # Suriname
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Paramaribo	-3:40:40 -	LMT	1911
 			-3:40:52 -	PMT	1935     # Paramaribo Mean Time
 			-3:40:36 -	PMT	1945 Oct # The capital moved?
 			-3:30	-	NEGT	1975 Nov 20 # Dutch Guiana Time
 			-3:30	-	SRT	1984 Oct # Suriname Time
 			-3:00	-	SRT
 
 # Trinidad and Tobago
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Uruguay
 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
 # Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Uruguay	1923	only	-	Oct	 2	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1924	1926	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1924	1925	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1933	1935	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	HS
 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 1 0:00 & 1936 Mar 30 0:00; go with Whitman.
 Rule	Uruguay	1934	1936	-	Mar	Sat>=25	23:30s	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1936	only	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1937	1941	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Uruguay	1937	1940	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	HS
 # Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
 # and 1943 Apr 13 ``to present time''; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Uruguay	1941	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1943	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	May	24	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	Nov	15	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Jan	17	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Mar	 6	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1965	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1965	only	-	Sep	26	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1966	1967	-	Oct	31	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1968	1970	-	May	27	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1968	1970	-	Dec	 2	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Apr	24	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Aug	15	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Mar	10	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Dec	22	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1976	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1977	only	-	Dec	 4	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1978	only	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1979	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1980	only	-	May	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1987	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Dec	11	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Mar	12	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	1:00	S
 # Shanks & Pottenger say no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
 # and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01.  Go with IATA.
 Rule	Uruguay	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1990	1991	-	Oct	Sun>=21	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1992	only	-	Oct	18	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	1993	only	-	Feb	28	 0:00	0	-
 # From Eduardo Cota (2004-09-20):
 # The uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time....
 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/decretos/2004091502.htm
 Rule	Uruguay	2004	only	-	Sep	19	 0:00	1:00	S
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-03-11):
 # Uruguay's DST was scheduled to end on Sunday, 2005-03-13, but in order to
 # save energy ... it was postponed two weeks....
 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/noticias/2005/03/2005031005.htm
 Rule	Uruguay	2005	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00	0	-
 # From Eduardo Cota (2005-09-27):
 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/decretos/2005/09/CM%20119_09%2009%202005_00001.PDF
 # This means that from 2005-10-09 at 02:00 local time, until 2006-03-12 at
 # 02:00 local time, official time in Uruguay will be at GMT -2.
 Rule	Uruguay	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	2006	only	-	Mar	12	 2:00	0	-
 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
 # http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_web/decretos/2006/09/CM%20210_08%2006%202006_00001.PDF
 Rule	Uruguay	2006	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Uruguay	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	 2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:44 -	LMT	1898 Jun 28
 			-3:44:44 -	MMT	1920 May  1	# Montevideo MT
 			-3:30	Uruguay	UY%sT	1942 Dec 14	# Uruguay Time
 			-3:00	Uruguay	UY%sT
 
 # Venezuela
 #
 # From John Stainforth (2007-11-28):
 # ... the change for Venezuela originally expected for 2007-12-31 has
 # been brought forward to 2007-12-09.  The official announcement was
 # published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la Republica Bolivariana
 # de Venezuela, numero 38.819" (official document for all laws or
 # resolution publication)
 # http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=72208
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Caracas	-4:27:44 -	LMT	1890
 			-4:27:40 -	CMT	1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
 			-4:30	-	VET	1965	     # Venezuela Time
 			-4:00	-	VET	2007 Dec  9 03:00
 			-4:30	-	VET
diff --git a/contrib/tzdata/zone.tab b/contrib/tzdata/zone.tab
index 76cc4aebdb64..07b70ae331fc 100644
--- a/contrib/tzdata/zone.tab
+++ b/contrib/tzdata/zone.tab
@@ -1,441 +1,442 @@
 # 
-# @(#)zone.tab	8.52
+# @(#)zone.tab	8.54
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 #
 # TZ zone descriptions
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-08-05):
 #
 # This file contains a table with the following columns:
 # 1.  ISO 3166 2-character country code.  See /usr/share/misc/iso3166.
 # 2.  Latitude and longitude of the zone's principal location
 #     in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format,
 #     either +-DDMM+-DDDMM or +-DDMMSS+-DDDMMSS,
 #     first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
 # 3.  Zone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
 # 4.  Comments; present if and only if the country has multiple rows.
 #
 # Columns are separated by a single tab.
 # The table is sorted first by country, then an order within the country that
 # (1) makes some geographical sense, and
 # (2) puts the most populous zones first, where that does not contradict (1).
 #
 # Lines beginning with `#' are comments.
 #
 #country-
 #code	coordinates	TZ			comments
 AD	+4230+00131	Europe/Andorra
 AE	+2518+05518	Asia/Dubai
 AF	+3431+06912	Asia/Kabul
 AG	+1703-06148	America/Antigua
 AI	+1812-06304	America/Anguilla
 AL	+4120+01950	Europe/Tirane
 AM	+4011+04430	Asia/Yerevan
 AO	-0848+01314	Africa/Luanda
 AQ	-7750+16636	Antarctica/McMurdo	McMurdo Station, Ross Island
 AQ	-9000+00000	Antarctica/South_Pole	Amundsen-Scott Station, South Pole
 AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera Station, Adelaide Island
 AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer Station, Anvers Island
 AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson Station, Holme Bay
 AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
 AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
 AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok Station, Lake Vostok
 AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville Station, Terre Adelie
 AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa Station, E Ongul I
 AQ	-5430+15857	Antarctica/Macquarie	Macquarie Island Station, Macquarie Island
 AR	-3436-05827	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
 AR	-3124-06411	America/Argentina/Cordoba	most locations (CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
 AR	-2447-06525	America/Argentina/Salta	(SA, LP, NQ, RN)
 AR	-2411-06518	America/Argentina/Jujuy	Jujuy (JY)
 AR	-2649-06513	America/Argentina/Tucuman	Tucuman (TM)
 AR	-2828-06547	America/Argentina/Catamarca	Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
 AR	-2926-06651	America/Argentina/La_Rioja	La Rioja (LR)
 AR	-3132-06831	America/Argentina/San_Juan	San Juan (SJ)
 AR	-3253-06849	America/Argentina/Mendoza	Mendoza (MZ)
 AR	-3319-06621	America/Argentina/San_Luis	San Luis (SL)
 AR	-5138-06913	America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos	Santa Cruz (SC)
 AR	-5448-06818	America/Argentina/Ushuaia	Tierra del Fuego (TF)
 AS	-1416-17042	Pacific/Pago_Pago
 AT	+4813+01620	Europe/Vienna
 AU	-3133+15905	Australia/Lord_Howe	Lord Howe Island
 AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania - most locations
 AU	-3956+14352	Australia/Currie	Tasmania - King Island
 AU	-3749+14458	Australia/Melbourne	Victoria
 AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales - most locations
 AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales - Yancowinna
 AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland - most locations
 AU	-2016+14900	Australia/Lindeman	Queensland - Holiday Islands
 AU	-3455+13835	Australia/Adelaide	South Australia
 AU	-1228+13050	Australia/Darwin	Northern Territory
 AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia - most locations
 AU	-3143+12852	Australia/Eucla	Western Australia - Eucla area
 AW	+1230-06958	America/Aruba
 AX	+6006+01957	Europe/Mariehamn
 AZ	+4023+04951	Asia/Baku
 BA	+4352+01825	Europe/Sarajevo
 BB	+1306-05937	America/Barbados
 BD	+2343+09025	Asia/Dhaka
 BE	+5050+00420	Europe/Brussels
 BF	+1222-00131	Africa/Ouagadougou
 BG	+4241+02319	Europe/Sofia
 BH	+2623+05035	Asia/Bahrain
 BI	-0323+02922	Africa/Bujumbura
 BJ	+0629+00237	Africa/Porto-Novo
 BL	+1753-06251	America/St_Barthelemy
 BM	+3217-06446	Atlantic/Bermuda
 BN	+0456+11455	Asia/Brunei
 BO	-1630-06809	America/La_Paz
 BQ	+120903-0681636	America/Kralendijk
 BR	-0351-03225	America/Noronha	Atlantic islands
 BR	-0127-04829	America/Belem	Amapa, E Para
 BR	-0343-03830	America/Fortaleza	NE Brazil (MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
 BR	-0803-03454	America/Recife	Pernambuco
 BR	-0712-04812	America/Araguaina	Tocantins
 BR	-0940-03543	America/Maceio	Alagoas, Sergipe
 BR	-1259-03831	America/Bahia	Bahia
 BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	S & SE Brazil (GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
 BR	-2027-05437	America/Campo_Grande	Mato Grosso do Sul
 BR	-1535-05605	America/Cuiaba	Mato Grosso
 BR	-0226-05452	America/Santarem	W Para
 BR	-0846-06354	America/Porto_Velho	Rondonia
 BR	+0249-06040	America/Boa_Vista	Roraima
 BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	E Amazonas
 BR	-0640-06952	America/Eirunepe	W Amazonas
 BR	-0958-06748	America/Rio_Branco	Acre
 BS	+2505-07721	America/Nassau
 BT	+2728+08939	Asia/Thimphu
 BW	-2439+02555	Africa/Gaborone
 BY	+5354+02734	Europe/Minsk
 BZ	+1730-08812	America/Belize
 CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland Time, including SE Labrador
 CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (most places), PEI
 CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia - places that did not observe DST 1966-1971
 CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic Time - New Brunswick
 CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic Time - Labrador - most locations
 CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	Atlantic Standard Time - Quebec - Lower North Shore
 CA	+4531-07334	America/Montreal	Eastern Time - Quebec - most locations
 CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern Time - Ontario - most locations
 CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
 CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
 CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern Time - east Nunavut - most locations
 CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut
 CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central Standard Time - Resolute, Nunavut
 CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	Eastern Standard Time - Atikokan, Ontario and Southampton I, Nunavut
 CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central Time - central Nunavut
 CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario
 CA	+4843-09434	America/Rainy_River	Central Time - Rainy River & Fort Frances, Ontario
 CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - most locations
 CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - midwest
 CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain Time - Alberta, east British Columbia & west Saskatchewan
 CA	+690650-1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain Time - west Nunavut
 CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain Time - central Northwest Territories
 CA	+682059-1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain Time - west Northwest Territories
+CA	+4906-11631	America/Creston		Mountain Standard Time - Creston, British Columbia
 CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	Mountain Standard Time - Dawson Creek & Fort Saint John, British Columbia
 CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific Time - west British Columbia
 CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	Pacific Time - south Yukon
 CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	Pacific Time - north Yukon
 CC	-1210+09655	Indian/Cocos
 CD	-0418+01518	Africa/Kinshasa	west Dem. Rep. of Congo
 CD	-1140+02728	Africa/Lubumbashi	east Dem. Rep. of Congo
 CF	+0422+01835	Africa/Bangui
 CG	-0416+01517	Africa/Brazzaville
 CH	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich
 CI	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
 CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
 CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	most locations
 CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island & Sala y Gomez
 CM	+0403+00942	Africa/Douala
 CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	east China - Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, etc.
 CN	+4545+12641	Asia/Harbin	Heilongjiang (except Mohe), Jilin
 CN	+2934+10635	Asia/Chongqing	central China - Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Guizhou, etc.
 CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	most of Tibet & Xinjiang
 CN	+3929+07559	Asia/Kashgar	west Tibet & Xinjiang
 CO	+0436-07405	America/Bogota
 CR	+0956-08405	America/Costa_Rica
 CU	+2308-08222	America/Havana
 CV	+1455-02331	Atlantic/Cape_Verde
 CW	+1211-06900	America/Curacao
 CX	-1025+10543	Indian/Christmas
 CY	+3510+03322	Asia/Nicosia
 CZ	+5005+01426	Europe/Prague
 DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin
 DJ	+1136+04309	Africa/Djibouti
 DK	+5540+01235	Europe/Copenhagen
 DM	+1518-06124	America/Dominica
 DO	+1828-06954	America/Santo_Domingo
 DZ	+3647+00303	Africa/Algiers
 EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	mainland
 EC	-0054-08936	Pacific/Galapagos	Galapagos Islands
 EE	+5925+02445	Europe/Tallinn
 EG	+3003+03115	Africa/Cairo
 EH	+2709-01312	Africa/El_Aaiun
 ER	+1520+03853	Africa/Asmara
 ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	mainland
 ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta & Melilla
 ES	+2806-01524	Atlantic/Canary	Canary Islands
 ET	+0902+03842	Africa/Addis_Ababa
 FI	+6010+02458	Europe/Helsinki
 FJ	-1808+17825	Pacific/Fiji
 FK	-5142-05751	Atlantic/Stanley
 FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Chuuk	Chuuk (Truk) and Yap
 FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Pohnpei	Pohnpei (Ponape)
 FM	+0519+16259	Pacific/Kosrae	Kosrae
 FO	+6201-00646	Atlantic/Faroe
 FR	+4852+00220	Europe/Paris
 GA	+0023+00927	Africa/Libreville
 GB	+513030-0000731	Europe/London
 GD	+1203-06145	America/Grenada
 GE	+4143+04449	Asia/Tbilisi
 GF	+0456-05220	America/Cayenne
 GG	+4927-00232	Europe/Guernsey
 GH	+0533-00013	Africa/Accra
 GI	+3608-00521	Europe/Gibraltar
 GL	+6411-05144	America/Godthab	most locations
 GL	+7646-01840	America/Danmarkshavn	east coast, north of Scoresbysund
 GL	+7029-02158	America/Scoresbysund	Scoresbysund / Ittoqqortoormiit
 GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	Thule / Pituffik
 GM	+1328-01639	Africa/Banjul
 GN	+0931-01343	Africa/Conakry
 GP	+1614-06132	America/Guadeloupe
 GQ	+0345+00847	Africa/Malabo
 GR	+3758+02343	Europe/Athens
 GS	-5416-03632	Atlantic/South_Georgia
 GT	+1438-09031	America/Guatemala
 GU	+1328+14445	Pacific/Guam
 GW	+1151-01535	Africa/Bissau
 GY	+0648-05810	America/Guyana
 HK	+2217+11409	Asia/Hong_Kong
 HN	+1406-08713	America/Tegucigalpa
 HR	+4548+01558	Europe/Zagreb
 HT	+1832-07220	America/Port-au-Prince
 HU	+4730+01905	Europe/Budapest
 ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java & Sumatra
 ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	west & central Borneo
 ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Makassar	east & south Borneo, Sulawesi (Celebes), Bali, Nusa Tengarra, west Timor
 ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	west New Guinea (Irian Jaya) & Malukus (Moluccas)
 IE	+5320-00615	Europe/Dublin
 IL	+3146+03514	Asia/Jerusalem
 IM	+5409-00428	Europe/Isle_of_Man
 IN	+2232+08822	Asia/Kolkata
 IO	-0720+07225	Indian/Chagos
 IQ	+3321+04425	Asia/Baghdad
 IR	+3540+05126	Asia/Tehran
 IS	+6409-02151	Atlantic/Reykjavik
 IT	+4154+01229	Europe/Rome
 JE	+4912-00207	Europe/Jersey
 JM	+1800-07648	America/Jamaica
 JO	+3157+03556	Asia/Amman
 JP	+353916+1394441	Asia/Tokyo
 KE	-0117+03649	Africa/Nairobi
 KG	+4254+07436	Asia/Bishkek
 KH	+1133+10455	Asia/Phnom_Penh
 KI	+0125+17300	Pacific/Tarawa	Gilbert Islands
 KI	-0308-17105	Pacific/Enderbury	Phoenix Islands
 KI	+0152-15720	Pacific/Kiritimati	Line Islands
 KM	-1141+04316	Indian/Comoro
 KN	+1718-06243	America/St_Kitts
 KP	+3901+12545	Asia/Pyongyang
 KR	+3733+12658	Asia/Seoul
 KW	+2920+04759	Asia/Kuwait
 KY	+1918-08123	America/Cayman
 KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	most locations
 KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda (Kyzylorda, Kzyl-Orda)
 KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtobe (Aktobe)
 KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Atyrau (Atirau, Gur'yev), Mangghystau (Mankistau)
 KZ	+5113+05121	Asia/Oral	West Kazakhstan
 LA	+1758+10236	Asia/Vientiane
 LB	+3353+03530	Asia/Beirut
 LC	+1401-06100	America/St_Lucia
 LI	+4709+00931	Europe/Vaduz
 LK	+0656+07951	Asia/Colombo
 LR	+0618-01047	Africa/Monrovia
 LS	-2928+02730	Africa/Maseru
 LT	+5441+02519	Europe/Vilnius
 LU	+4936+00609	Europe/Luxembourg
 LV	+5657+02406	Europe/Riga
 LY	+3254+01311	Africa/Tripoli
 MA	+3339-00735	Africa/Casablanca
 MC	+4342+00723	Europe/Monaco
 MD	+4700+02850	Europe/Chisinau
 ME	+4226+01916	Europe/Podgorica
 MF	+1804-06305	America/Marigot
 MG	-1855+04731	Indian/Antananarivo
 MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	most locations
 MH	+0905+16720	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
 MK	+4159+02126	Europe/Skopje
 ML	+1239-00800	Africa/Bamako
 MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Rangoon
 MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	most locations
 MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Olgiy, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
 MN	+4804+11430	Asia/Choibalsan	Dornod, Sukhbaatar
 MO	+2214+11335	Asia/Macau
 MP	+1512+14545	Pacific/Saipan
 MQ	+1436-06105	America/Martinique
 MR	+1806-01557	Africa/Nouakchott
 MS	+1643-06213	America/Montserrat
 MT	+3554+01431	Europe/Malta
 MU	-2010+05730	Indian/Mauritius
 MV	+0410+07330	Indian/Maldives
 MW	-1547+03500	Africa/Blantyre
 MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time - most locations
 MX	+2105-08646	America/Cancun	Central Time - Quintana Roo
 MX	+2058-08937	America/Merida	Central Time - Campeche, Yucatan
 MX	+2540-10019	America/Monterrey	Mexican Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas away from US border
 MX	+2550-09730	America/Matamoros	US Central Time - Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas near US border
 MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - S Baja, Nayarit, Sinaloa
 MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mexican Mountain Time - Chihuahua away from US border
 MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	US Mountain Time - Chihuahua near US border
 MX	+2904-11058	America/Hermosillo	Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
 MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	US Pacific Time - Baja California near US border
 MX	+3018-11452	America/Santa_Isabel	Mexican Pacific Time - Baja California away from US border
 MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Mexican Central Time - Bahia de Banderas
 MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	peninsular Malaysia
 MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah & Sarawak
 MZ	-2558+03235	Africa/Maputo
 NA	-2234+01706	Africa/Windhoek
 NC	-2216+16627	Pacific/Noumea
 NE	+1331+00207	Africa/Niamey
 NF	-2903+16758	Pacific/Norfolk
 NG	+0627+00324	Africa/Lagos
 NI	+1209-08617	America/Managua
 NL	+5222+00454	Europe/Amsterdam
 NO	+5955+01045	Europe/Oslo
 NP	+2743+08519	Asia/Kathmandu
 NR	-0031+16655	Pacific/Nauru
 NU	-1901-16955	Pacific/Niue
 NZ	-3652+17446	Pacific/Auckland	most locations
 NZ	-4357-17633	Pacific/Chatham	Chatham Islands
 OM	+2336+05835	Asia/Muscat
 PA	+0858-07932	America/Panama
 PE	-1203-07703	America/Lima
 PF	-1732-14934	Pacific/Tahiti	Society Islands
 PF	-0900-13930	Pacific/Marquesas	Marquesas Islands
 PF	-2308-13457	Pacific/Gambier	Gambier Islands
 PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby
 PH	+1435+12100	Asia/Manila
 PK	+2452+06703	Asia/Karachi
 PL	+5215+02100	Europe/Warsaw
 PM	+4703-05620	America/Miquelon
 PN	-2504-13005	Pacific/Pitcairn
 PR	+182806-0660622	America/Puerto_Rico
 PS	+3130+03428	Asia/Gaza	Gaza Strip
 PS	+313200+0350542	Asia/Hebron	West Bank
 PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	mainland
 PT	+3238-01654	Atlantic/Madeira	Madeira Islands
 PT	+3744-02540	Atlantic/Azores	Azores
 PW	+0720+13429	Pacific/Palau
 PY	-2516-05740	America/Asuncion
 QA	+2517+05132	Asia/Qatar
 RE	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion
 RO	+4426+02606	Europe/Bucharest
 RS	+4450+02030	Europe/Belgrade
 RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad
 RU	+5545+03735	Europe/Moscow	Moscow+00 - west Russia
 RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
-RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	Moscow - Samara, Udmurtia
+RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	Moscow+00 - Samara, Udmurtia
 RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	Moscow+02 - Urals
 RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	Moscow+03 - west Siberia
 RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk
 RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	Moscow+03 - Novokuznetsk
 RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	Moscow+04 - Yenisei River
 RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal
 RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	Moscow+06 - Lena River
 RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	Moscow+07 - Amur River
 RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island
 RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	Moscow+08 - Magadan
 RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	Moscow+08 - Kamchatka
 RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	Moscow+08 - Bering Sea
 RW	-0157+03004	Africa/Kigali
 SA	+2438+04643	Asia/Riyadh
 SB	-0932+16012	Pacific/Guadalcanal
 SC	-0440+05528	Indian/Mahe
 SD	+1536+03232	Africa/Khartoum
 SE	+5920+01803	Europe/Stockholm
 SG	+0117+10351	Asia/Singapore
 SH	-1555-00542	Atlantic/St_Helena
 SI	+4603+01431	Europe/Ljubljana
 SJ	+7800+01600	Arctic/Longyearbyen
 SK	+4809+01707	Europe/Bratislava
 SL	+0830-01315	Africa/Freetown
 SM	+4355+01228	Europe/San_Marino
 SN	+1440-01726	Africa/Dakar
 SO	+0204+04522	Africa/Mogadishu
 SR	+0550-05510	America/Paramaribo
 SS	+0451+03136	Africa/Juba
 ST	+0020+00644	Africa/Sao_Tome
 SV	+1342-08912	America/El_Salvador
 SX	+180305-0630250	America/Lower_Princes
 SY	+3330+03618	Asia/Damascus
 SZ	-2618+03106	Africa/Mbabane
 TC	+2128-07108	America/Grand_Turk
 TD	+1207+01503	Africa/Ndjamena
 TF	-492110+0701303	Indian/Kerguelen
 TG	+0608+00113	Africa/Lome
 TH	+1345+10031	Asia/Bangkok
 TJ	+3835+06848	Asia/Dushanbe
 TK	-0922-17114	Pacific/Fakaofo
 TL	-0833+12535	Asia/Dili
 TM	+3757+05823	Asia/Ashgabat
 TN	+3648+01011	Africa/Tunis
 TO	-2110-17510	Pacific/Tongatapu
 TR	+4101+02858	Europe/Istanbul
 TT	+1039-06131	America/Port_of_Spain
 TV	-0831+17913	Pacific/Funafuti
 TW	+2503+12130	Asia/Taipei
 TZ	-0648+03917	Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
 UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	most locations
 UA	+4837+02218	Europe/Uzhgorod	Ruthenia
 UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozh'ye, E Lugansk / Zaporizhia, E Luhansk
 UA	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	central Crimea
 UG	+0019+03225	Africa/Kampala
 UM	+1645-16931	Pacific/Johnston	Johnston Atoll
 UM	+2813-17722	Pacific/Midway	Midway Islands
 UM	+1917+16637	Pacific/Wake	Wake Island
 US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern Time
 US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern Time - Michigan - most locations
 US	+381515-0854534	America/Kentucky/Louisville	Eastern Time - Kentucky - Louisville area
 US	+364947-0845057	America/Kentucky/Monticello	Eastern Time - Kentucky - Wayne County
 US	+394606-0860929	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	Eastern Time - Indiana - most locations
 US	+384038-0873143	America/Indiana/Vincennes	Eastern Time - Indiana - Daviess, Dubois, Knox & Martin Counties
 US	+410305-0863611	America/Indiana/Winamac	Eastern Time - Indiana - Pulaski County
 US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern Time - Indiana - Crawford County
 US	+382931-0871643	America/Indiana/Petersburg	Eastern Time - Indiana - Pike County
 US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern Time - Indiana - Switzerland County
 US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central Time
 US	+375711-0864541	America/Indiana/Tell_City	Central Time - Indiana - Perry County
 US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Central Time - Indiana - Starke County
 US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central Time - Michigan - Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron & Menominee Counties
 US	+470659-1011757	America/North_Dakota/Center	Central Time - North Dakota - Oliver County
 US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central Time - North Dakota - Morton County (except Mandan area)
 US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central Time - North Dakota - Mercer County
 US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain Time
 US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
 US	+364708-1084111	America/Shiprock	Mountain Time - Navajo
 US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	Mountain Standard Time - Arizona
 US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific Time
 US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska Time
 US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle
 US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska Time - southeast Alaska panhandle
 US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle neck
 US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska Time - west Alaska
 US	+515248-1763929	America/Adak	Aleutian Islands
 US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Metlakatla Time - Annette Island
 US	+211825-1575130	Pacific/Honolulu	Hawaii
 UY	-3453-05611	America/Montevideo
 UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	west Uzbekistan
 UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent	east Uzbekistan
 VA	+415408+0122711	Europe/Vatican
 VC	+1309-06114	America/St_Vincent
 VE	+1030-06656	America/Caracas
 VG	+1827-06437	America/Tortola
 VI	+1821-06456	America/St_Thomas
 VN	+1045+10640	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh
 VU	-1740+16825	Pacific/Efate
 WF	-1318-17610	Pacific/Wallis
 WS	-1350-17144	Pacific/Apia
 YE	+1245+04512	Asia/Aden
 YT	-1247+04514	Indian/Mayotte
 ZA	-2615+02800	Africa/Johannesburg
 ZM	-1525+02817	Africa/Lusaka
 ZW	-1750+03103	Africa/Harare