diff --git a/release/Makefile b/release/Makefile
index 1ea3f6a284a5..3af7825c2684 100644
--- a/release/Makefile
+++ b/release/Makefile
@@ -1,345 +1,339 @@
 #
 # Makefile for building releases and release media.
 #
 # User-driven targets:
 #  cdrom: Builds release CD-ROM media (disc1.iso)
 #  dvdrom: Builds release DVD-ROM media (dvd1.iso)
 #  memstick: Builds memory stick image (memstick.img)
 #  mini-memstick: Builds minimal memory stick image (mini-memstick.img)
 #  ftp: Sets up FTP distribution area (ftp)
 #  release: Invokes real-release, vm-release, and cloudware-release targets
 #  real-release: Build all media and FTP distribution area
 #  vm-release: Build all virtual machine image targets
 #  cloudware-release: Build all cloud hosting provider targets
 #  install: Invokes the release-install and vm-install targets
 #  release-install: Copies all release installation media into ${DESTDIR}
 #  vm-install: Copies all virtual machine images into ${DESTDIR}
 #
 # Variables affecting the build process:
 #  WORLDDIR: location of src tree -- must have built world and default kernel
 #            (by default, the directory above this one)
 #  PORTSDIR: location of ports tree to distribute (default: /usr/ports)
 #  XTRADIR:  xtra-bits-dir argument for <arch>/mkisoimages.sh
 #  NOPKG:    if set, do not distribute third-party packages
 #  NOPORTS:  if set, do not distribute ports tree
 #  NOSRC:    if set, do not distribute source tree
 #  WITH_DVD: if set, generate dvd1.iso
 #  WITH_COMPRESSED_IMAGES: if set, compress installation images with xz(1)
 #		(uncompressed images are not removed)
 #  WITH_VMIMAGES: if set, build virtual machine images with the release
 #  WITH_COMPRESSED_VMIMAGES: if set, compress virtual machine disk images
 #  		with xz(1) (extremely time consuming)
 #  WITH_CLOUDWARE: if set, build cloud hosting disk images with the release
 #  TARGET/TARGET_ARCH: architecture of built release
 #
 
 WORLDDIR?=	${.CURDIR}/..
 PORTSDIR?=	/usr/ports
 
 .include "${WORLDDIR}/share/mk/bsd.compat.pre.mk"
 
 .if !defined(TARGET) || empty(TARGET)
 TARGET=		${MACHINE}
 .endif
 .if !defined(TARGET_ARCH) || empty(TARGET_ARCH)
 .if ${TARGET} == ${MACHINE}
 TARGET_ARCH=	${MACHINE_ARCH}
 .else
 TARGET_ARCH=	${TARGET}
 .endif
 .endif
 IMAKE=		${MAKE} TARGET_ARCH=${TARGET_ARCH} TARGET=${TARGET}
 DISTDIR=	dist
 
 # Define OSRELEASE by using newvers.sh
 .if !defined(OSRELEASE) || empty(OSRELEASE)
 .for _V in TYPE BRANCH REVISION
 ${_V}!=	eval $$(awk '/^${_V}=/{print}' ${.CURDIR}/../sys/conf/newvers.sh); echo $$${_V}
 .endfor
 .for _V in ${TARGET_ARCH}
 .if !empty(TARGET:M${_V})
 OSRELEASE=	${TYPE}-${REVISION}-${BRANCH}-${TARGET}
 VOLUME_LABEL=	${REVISION:C/[.-]/_/g}_${BRANCH:C/[.-]/_/g}_${TARGET}
 .else
 OSRELEASE=	${TYPE}-${REVISION}-${BRANCH}-${TARGET}-${TARGET_ARCH}
 VOLUME_LABEL=	${REVISION:C/[.-]/_/g}_${BRANCH:C/[.-]/_/g}_${TARGET_ARCH}
 .endif
 .endfor
 .endif
 
 .if !defined(VOLUME_LABEL) || empty(VOLUME_LABEL)
 VOLUME_LABEL=	FreeBSD_Install
 .endif
 
 .if !exists(${PORTSDIR})
 NOPORTS= true
 .endif
 
 EXTRA_PACKAGES=
 .if !defined(NOPORTS)
 EXTRA_PACKAGES+= ports.txz
 .endif
 .if !defined(NOSRC)
 EXTRA_PACKAGES+= src.txz
 .endif
 
 RELEASE_TARGETS= ftp
 IMAGES=
 .if exists(${.CURDIR}/${TARGET}/mkisoimages.sh)
 RELEASE_TARGETS+= cdrom
 IMAGES+=	disc1.iso bootonly.iso
 . if defined(WITH_DVD) && !empty(WITH_DVD)
 RELEASE_TARGETS+= dvdrom
 IMAGES+=	dvd1.iso
 . endif
 .endif
 .if exists(${.CURDIR}/${TARGET}/make-memstick.sh)
 RELEASE_TARGETS+= memstick.img
 RELEASE_TARGETS+= mini-memstick.img
 IMAGES+=	memstick.img
 IMAGES+=	mini-memstick.img
 .endif
 
 CLEANFILES=	packagesystem *.txz MANIFEST release ${IMAGES}
 .if defined(WITH_COMPRESSED_IMAGES) && !empty(WITH_COMPRESSED_IMAGES)
 . for I in ${IMAGES}
 CLEANFILES+=	${I}.xz
 . endfor
 .endif
 .if defined(WITH_DVD) && !empty(WITH_DVD)
 CLEANFILES+=	pkg-stage
 .endif
 CLEANDIRS=	dist ftp disc1 bootonly dvd
 beforeclean:
 	chflags -R noschg .
 .include <bsd.obj.mk>
 clean: beforeclean
 
 base.txz:
 	mkdir -p ${DISTDIR}
 	cd ${WORLDDIR} && ${IMAKE} distributeworld DISTDIR=${.OBJDIR}/${DISTDIR}
-# TODO: Add NO_ROOT mode to mm-tree.sh
-.if !defined(NO_ROOT)
-# Set up mergemaster root database
-	sh ${.CURDIR}/scripts/mm-mtree.sh -m ${WORLDDIR} -F \
-	    "TARGET_ARCH=${TARGET_ARCH} TARGET=${TARGET} ${.MAKE.JOBS:D-j${.MAKE.JOBS}}" \
-	    -D "${.OBJDIR}/${DISTDIR}/base"
-.endif
+	# Bootstrap etcupdate(8) database.
 	sh ${WORLDDIR}/usr.sbin/etcupdate/etcupdate.sh extract -B \
 	    -m "${MAKE}" -M "TARGET_ARCH=${TARGET_ARCH} TARGET=${TARGET}" \
 	    -s ${WORLDDIR} -d "${.OBJDIR}/${DISTDIR}/base/var/db/etcupdate" \
 	    ${NO_ROOT:D-N}
 .if defined(NO_ROOT)
 	echo "./var/db/etcupdate type=dir uname=root gname=wheel mode=0755" >> ${.OBJDIR}/${DISTDIR}/base.meta
 	sed -n 's,^\.,./var/db/etcupdate/current,p' ${.OBJDIR}/${DISTDIR}/base/var/db/etcupdate/current/METALOG \
 	    >> ${.OBJDIR}/${DISTDIR}/base.meta
 	rm ${.OBJDIR}/${DISTDIR}/base/var/db/etcupdate/current/METALOG
 .endif
 # Package all components
 	cd ${WORLDDIR} && ${IMAKE} packageworld DISTDIR=${.OBJDIR}/${DISTDIR}
 	mv ${DISTDIR}/*.txz .
 
 kernel.txz:
 	mkdir -p ${DISTDIR}
 	cd ${WORLDDIR} && ${IMAKE} distributekernel packagekernel DISTDIR=${.OBJDIR}/${DISTDIR}
 	mv ${DISTDIR}/kernel*.txz .
 
 src.txz:
 	mkdir -p ${DISTDIR}/usr
 	ln -fs ${WORLDDIR} ${DISTDIR}/usr/src
 	cd ${DISTDIR} && ${TAR_CMD} cLvf - --exclude .svn --exclude .zfs \
 	    --exclude .git --exclude @ --exclude usr/src/release/dist usr/src | \
 	    ${XZ_CMD} > ${.OBJDIR}/src.txz
 
 ports.txz:
 	mkdir -p ${DISTDIR}/usr
 	ln -fs ${PORTSDIR} ${DISTDIR}/usr/ports
 	cd ${DISTDIR} && ${TAR_CMD} cLvf - \
 	    --exclude .git --exclude .svn \
 	    --exclude usr/ports/distfiles --exclude usr/ports/packages \
 	    --exclude 'usr/ports/INDEX*' --exclude work usr/ports | \
 	    ${XZ_CMD} > ${.OBJDIR}/ports.txz
 
 disc1: packagesystem
 # Install system
 	mkdir -p ${.TARGET}
 	cd ${WORLDDIR} && ${IMAKE} installworld installkernel distribution \
 	    DESTDIR=${.OBJDIR}/${.TARGET} MK_AT=no \
 	    MK_INSTALLLIB=no MK_MAIL=no \
 	    ${_ALL_LIBCOMPATS:@v@MK_LIB$v=no@} \
 	    MK_TOOLCHAIN=no MK_PROFILE=no \
 	    MK_RESCUE=no MK_DICT=no \
 	    MK_KERNEL_SYMBOLS=no MK_TESTS=no MK_DEBUG_FILES=no \
 	    -DDB_FROM_SRC
 # Copy distfiles
 	mkdir -p ${.TARGET}/usr/freebsd-dist
 	for dist in MANIFEST $$(ls *.txz | grep -vE -- '(${base ${_ALL_libcompats}:L:ts|})-dbg'); \
 	    do cp $${dist} ${.TARGET}/usr/freebsd-dist; \
 	done
 .if defined(NO_ROOT)
 	echo "./usr/freebsd-dist type=dir uname=root gname=wheel mode=0755" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 	for dist in MANIFEST $$(ls *.txz | grep -vE -- '(${base ${_ALL_libcompats}:L:ts|})-dbg'); \
 	    do echo "./usr/freebsd-dist/$${dist} type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG; \
 	done
 .endif
 # Set up installation environment
 	ln -fs /tmp/bsdinstall_etc/resolv.conf ${.TARGET}/etc/resolv.conf
 	echo sendmail_enable=\"NONE\" > ${.TARGET}/etc/rc.conf
 	echo hostid_enable=\"NO\" >> ${.TARGET}/etc/rc.conf
 	echo debug.witness.trace=0 >> ${.TARGET}/etc/sysctl.conf
 	echo vfs.mountroot.timeout=\"10\" >> ${.TARGET}/boot/loader.conf
 	echo kernels_autodetect=\"NO\" >> ${.TARGET}/boot/loader.conf
 	echo loader_menu_multi_user_prompt=\"Installer\" >> ${.TARGET}/boot/loader.conf
 	cp ${.CURDIR}/rc.local ${.TARGET}/etc
 .if defined(NO_ROOT)
 	echo "./etc/resolv.conf type=link uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644 link=/tmp/bsdinstall_etc/resolv.conf" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 	echo "./etc/rc.conf type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 	echo "./etc/sysctl.conf type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 	echo "./boot/loader.conf type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 	echo "./etc/rc.local type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 .endif
 	touch ${.TARGET}
 
 bootonly: packagesystem
 # Install system
 	mkdir -p ${.TARGET}
 	cd ${WORLDDIR} && ${IMAKE} installworld installkernel distribution \
 	    DESTDIR=${.OBJDIR}/${.TARGET} MK_AT=no \
 	    MK_GAMES=no \
 	    MK_INSTALLLIB=no MK_MAIL=no \
 	    ${_ALL_LIBCOMPATS:@v@MK_LIB$v=no@} \
 	    MK_TOOLCHAIN=no MK_PROFILE=no \
 	    MK_RESCUE=no MK_DICT=no \
 	    MK_KERNEL_SYMBOLS=no MK_TESTS=no MK_DEBUG_FILES=no \
 	    -DDB_FROM_SRC
 # Copy manifest only (no distfiles) to get checksums
 	mkdir -p ${.TARGET}/usr/freebsd-dist
 	cp MANIFEST ${.TARGET}/usr/freebsd-dist
 .if defined(NO_ROOT)
 	echo "./usr/freebsd-dist type=dir uname=root gname=wheel mode=0755" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 	echo "./usr/freebsd-dist/MANIFEST type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 .endif
 # Set up installation environment
 	ln -fs /tmp/bsdinstall_etc/resolv.conf ${.TARGET}/etc/resolv.conf
 	echo sendmail_enable=\"NONE\" > ${.TARGET}/etc/rc.conf
 	echo hostid_enable=\"NO\" >> ${.TARGET}/etc/rc.conf
 	echo debug.witness.trace=0 >> ${.TARGET}/etc/sysctl.conf
 	echo vfs.mountroot.timeout=\"10\" >> ${.TARGET}/boot/loader.conf
 	echo kernels_autodetect=\"NO\" >> ${.TARGET}/boot/loader.conf
 	echo loader_menu_multi_user_prompt=\"Installer\" >> ${.TARGET}/boot/loader.conf
 	cp ${.CURDIR}/rc.local ${.TARGET}/etc
 .if defined(NO_ROOT)
 	echo "./etc/resolv.conf type=link uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644 link=/tmp/bsdinstall_etc/resolv.conf" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 	echo "./etc/rc.conf type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 	echo "./etc/sysctl.conf type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 	echo "./boot/loader.conf type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 	echo "./etc/rc.local type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 .endif
 
 dvd: packagesystem
 # Install system
 	mkdir -p ${.TARGET}
 	cd ${WORLDDIR} && ${IMAKE} installworld installkernel distribution \
 		DESTDIR=${.OBJDIR}/${.TARGET} MK_RESCUE=no MK_KERNEL_SYMBOLS=no \
 		MK_TESTS=no MK_DEBUG_FILES=no \
 		-DDB_FROM_SRC
 # Copy distfiles
 	mkdir -p ${.TARGET}/usr/freebsd-dist
 	for dist in MANIFEST $$(ls *.txz | grep -v -- '(${base ${_ALL_libcompats}:L:ts|})-dbg'); \
 	    do cp $${dist} ${.TARGET}/usr/freebsd-dist; \
 	done
 .if defined(NO_ROOT)
 	echo "./usr/freebsd-dist type=dir uname=root gname=wheel mode=0755" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 	for dist in MANIFEST $$(ls *.txz | grep -vE -- '(${base ${_ALL_libcompats}:L:ts|})-dbg'); \
 	    do echo "./usr/freebsd-dist/$${dist} type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG; \
 	done
 .endif
 # Set up installation environment
 	ln -fs /tmp/bsdinstall_etc/resolv.conf ${.TARGET}/etc/resolv.conf
 	echo sendmail_enable=\"NONE\" > ${.TARGET}/etc/rc.conf
 	echo hostid_enable=\"NO\" >> ${.TARGET}/etc/rc.conf
 	echo debug.witness.trace=0 >> ${.TARGET}/etc/sysctl.conf
 	echo vfs.mountroot.timeout=\"10\" >> ${.TARGET}/boot/loader.conf
 	echo kernels_autodetect=\"NO\" >> ${.TARGET}/boot/loader.conf
 	echo loader_menu_multi_user_prompt=\"Installer\" >> ${.TARGET}/boot/loader.conf
 	cp ${.CURDIR}/rc.local ${.TARGET}/etc
 .if defined(NO_ROOT)
 	echo "./etc/resolv.conf type=link uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644 link=/tmp/bsdinstall_etc/resolv.conf" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 	echo "./etc/rc.conf type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 	echo "./etc/sysctl.conf type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 	echo "./boot/loader.conf type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 	echo "./etc/rc.local type=file uname=root gname=wheel mode=0644" >> ${.TARGET}/METALOG
 .endif
 	touch ${.TARGET}
 
 release.iso: disc1.iso
 disc1.iso: disc1
 	cd disc1 && sh ${.CURDIR}/${TARGET}/mkisoimages.sh -b ${VOLUME_LABEL}_CD ../${.TARGET} .${NO_ROOT:D/METALOG} ${XTRADIR}
 
 dvd1.iso: dvd pkg-stage
 	cd dvd && sh ${.CURDIR}/${TARGET}/mkisoimages.sh -b ${VOLUME_LABEL}_DVD ../${.TARGET} .${NO_ROOT:D/METALOG} ${XTRADIR}
 
 bootonly.iso: bootonly
 	cd bootonly && sh ${.CURDIR}/${TARGET}/mkisoimages.sh -b ${VOLUME_LABEL}_BO ../${.TARGET} .${NO_ROOT:D/METALOG} ${XTRADIR}
 
 memstick: memstick.img
 memstick.img: disc1
 	cd disc1 && sh ${.CURDIR}/${TARGET}/make-memstick.sh .${NO_ROOT:D/METALOG} ../${.TARGET}
 
 mini-memstick: mini-memstick.img
 mini-memstick.img: bootonly
 	cd bootonly && sh ${.CURDIR}/${TARGET}/make-memstick.sh .${NO_ROOT:D/METALOG} ../${.TARGET}
 
 packagesystem: base.txz kernel.txz ${EXTRA_PACKAGES}
 	sh ${.CURDIR}/scripts/make-manifest.sh *.txz > MANIFEST
 	touch ${.TARGET}
 
 pkg-stage:
 # TODO: Support for -DNO_ROOT
 .if !defined(NOPKG) || empty(NOPKG)
 	env PORTSDIR=${PORTSDIR} REPOS_DIR=${.CURDIR}/pkg_repos/ \
 		sh ${.CURDIR}/scripts/pkg-stage.sh
 	mkdir -p ${.OBJDIR}/dvd/packages/repos/
 	cp ${.CURDIR}/scripts/FreeBSD_install_cdrom.conf \
 		${.OBJDIR}/dvd/packages/repos/
 .endif
 	touch ${.TARGET}
 
 cdrom: disc1.iso bootonly.iso
 dvdrom: dvd1.iso
 ftp: packagesystem
 	rm -rf ftp
 	mkdir -p ftp
 	cp *.txz MANIFEST ftp
 
 release:	real-release vm-release cloudware-release
 	${MAKE} -C ${.CURDIR} ${.MAKEFLAGS} release-done
 	true
 
 release-done:
 	touch release
 
 real-release:
 	${MAKE} -C ${.CURDIR} ${.MAKEFLAGS} obj
 	${MAKE} -C ${.CURDIR} ${.MAKEFLAGS} ${RELEASE_TARGETS}
 
 install:	release-install vm-install
 
 release-install:
 .if defined(DESTDIR) && !empty(DESTDIR)
 	mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}
 .endif
 	cp -a ftp ${DESTDIR}/
 .if !empty(IMAGES)
 .for I in ${IMAGES}
 	cp -p ${I} ${DESTDIR}/${OSRELEASE}-${I}
 . if defined(WITH_COMPRESSED_IMAGES) && !empty(WITH_COMPRESSED_IMAGES)
 	${XZ_CMD} -k ${DESTDIR}/${OSRELEASE}-${I}
 . endif
 .endfor
 	cd ${DESTDIR} && sha512 ${OSRELEASE}* > ${DESTDIR}/CHECKSUM.SHA512
 	cd ${DESTDIR} && sha256 ${OSRELEASE}* > ${DESTDIR}/CHECKSUM.SHA256
 .endif
 
 .include "${.CURDIR}/Makefile.inc1"
 .include "${.CURDIR}/Makefile.vm"
diff --git a/release/tools/vmimage.subr b/release/tools/vmimage.subr
index f8b132875cdc..6db8bea7c978 100644
--- a/release/tools/vmimage.subr
+++ b/release/tools/vmimage.subr
@@ -1,333 +1,330 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
 #
 #
 # Common functions for virtual machine image build scripts.
 #
 
 scriptdir=$(dirname $(realpath $0))
 . ${scriptdir}/../../tools/boot/install-boot.sh
 
 export PATH="/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin"
 trap "cleanup" INT QUIT TRAP ABRT TERM
 
 # Platform-specific large-scale setup
 # Most platforms use GPT, so put that as default, then special cases
 PARTSCHEME=gpt
 ROOTLABEL="gpt"
 case "${TARGET}:${TARGET_ARCH}" in
 	powerpc:powerpc*)
 		PARTSCHEME=mbr
 		ROOTLABEL="ufs"
 		NOSWAP=yes # Can't label swap partition with MBR, so no swap
 	;;
 esac
 
 err() {
 	printf "${@}\n"
 	cleanup
 	return 1
 }
 
 cleanup() {
 	if [ -c "${DESTDIR}/dev/null" ]; then
 		umount_loop ${DESTDIR}/dev 2>/dev/null
 	fi
 
 	return 0
 }
 
 vm_create_base() {
 
 	mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}
 
 	return 0
 }
 
 vm_copy_base() {
 	# Defunct
 }
 
 vm_install_base() {
 	# Installs the FreeBSD userland/kernel to the virtual machine disk.
 
 	cd ${WORLDDIR} && \
 		make DESTDIR=${DESTDIR} \
 		installworld installkernel distribution || \
 		err "\n\nCannot install the base system to ${DESTDIR}."
 
-	# Bootstrap etcupdate(8) and mergemaster(8) databases.
+	# Bootstrap etcupdate(8) database.
 	mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}/var/db/etcupdate
 	etcupdate extract -B \
 		-M "TARGET=${TARGET} TARGET_ARCH=${TARGET_ARCH}" \
 		-s ${WORLDDIR} -d ${DESTDIR}/var/db/etcupdate
-	sh ${WORLDDIR}/release/scripts/mm-mtree.sh -m ${WORLDDIR} \
-		-F "TARGET=${TARGET} TARGET_ARCH=${TARGET_ARCH}" \
-		-D ${DESTDIR}
 
 	echo '# Custom /etc/fstab for FreeBSD VM images' \
 		> ${DESTDIR}/etc/fstab
 	if [ "${VMFS}" != zfs ]; then
 		echo "/dev/${ROOTLABEL}/rootfs   /       ${VMFS}   rw      1       1" \
 			>> ${DESTDIR}/etc/fstab
 	fi
 	if [ -z "${NOSWAP}" ]; then
 		echo '/dev/gpt/swapfs  none    swap    sw      0       0' \
 			>> ${DESTDIR}/etc/fstab
 	fi
 
 	local hostname
 	hostname="$(echo $(uname -o) | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')"
 	echo "hostname=\"${hostname}\"" >> ${DESTDIR}/etc/rc.conf
 	if [ "${VMFS}" = zfs ]; then
 		echo "zfs_enable=\"YES\"" >> ${DESTDIR}/etc/rc.conf
 		echo "zpool_reguid=\"zroot\"" >> ${DESTDIR}/etc/rc.conf
 		echo "zpool_upgrade=\"zroot\"" >> ${DESTDIR}/etc/rc.conf
 	fi
 
 	if ! [ -z "${QEMUSTATIC}" ]; then
 		export EMULATOR=/qemu
 		cp ${QEMUSTATIC} ${DESTDIR}/${EMULATOR}
 	fi
 
 	mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}/dev
 	mount -t devfs devfs ${DESTDIR}/dev
 	chroot ${DESTDIR} ${EMULATOR} /usr/bin/newaliases
 	chroot ${DESTDIR} ${EMULATOR} /bin/sh /etc/rc.d/ldconfig forcestart
 	umount_loop ${DESTDIR}/dev
 
 	cp /etc/resolv.conf ${DESTDIR}/etc/resolv.conf
 
         if [ "${VMFS}" = zfs ]; then
 		echo "kern.geom.label.disk_ident.enable=0" >> ${DESTDIR}/boot/loader.conf
 		echo "zfs_load=YES" >> ${DESTDIR}/boot/loader.conf
         fi
 
 	return 0
 }
 
 vm_extra_install_base() {
 	# Prototype.  When overridden, runs extra post-installworld commands
 	# as needed, based on the target virtual machine image or cloud
 	# provider image target.
 
 	return 0
 }
 
 vm_extra_enable_services() {
 	if [ ! -z "${VM_RC_LIST}" ]; then
 		for _rcvar in ${VM_RC_LIST}; do
 			echo ${_rcvar}_enable="YES" >> ${DESTDIR}/etc/rc.conf
 		done
 	fi
 
 	if [ -z "${VMCONFIG}" -o -c "${VMCONFIG}" ]; then
 		echo 'ifconfig_DEFAULT="DHCP inet6 accept_rtadv"' >> \
 			${DESTDIR}/etc/rc.conf
 		# Expand the filesystem to fill the disk.
 		echo 'growfs_enable="YES"' >> ${DESTDIR}/etc/rc.conf
 		touch ${DESTDIR}/firstboot
 	fi
 
 	return 0
 }
 
 vm_extra_install_packages() {
 	if [ -z "${VM_EXTRA_PACKAGES}" ]; then
 		return 0
 	fi
 	mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}/dev
 	mount -t devfs devfs ${DESTDIR}/dev
 	chroot ${DESTDIR} ${EMULATOR} env ASSUME_ALWAYS_YES=yes \
 		/usr/sbin/pkg bootstrap -y
 	for p in ${VM_EXTRA_PACKAGES}; do
 		chroot ${DESTDIR} ${EMULATOR} env ASSUME_ALWAYS_YES=yes \
 			/usr/sbin/pkg install -y ${p}
 	done
 	umount_loop ${DESTDIR}/dev
 
 	return 0
 }
 
 vm_extra_install_ports() {
 	# Prototype.  When overridden, installs additional ports within the
 	# virtual machine environment.
 
 	return 0
 }
 
 vm_extra_pre_umount() {
 	# Prototype.  When overridden, performs additional tasks within the
 	# virtual machine environment prior to unmounting the filesystem.
 	# Note: When overriding this function, removing resolv.conf in the
 	# disk image must be included.
 
 	if ! [ -z "${QEMUSTATIC}" ]; then
 		rm -f ${DESTDIR}/${EMULATOR}
 	fi
 	rm -f ${DESTDIR}/etc/resolv.conf
 	return 0
 }
 
 vm_extra_pkg_rmcache() {
 	if [ -e ${DESTDIR}/usr/local/sbin/pkg ]; then
 		chroot ${DESTDIR} ${EMULATOR} env ASSUME_ALWAYS_YES=yes \
 			/usr/local/sbin/pkg clean -y -a
 	fi
 
 	return 0
 }
 
 buildfs() {
 	local md tmppool
 
 	case "${VMFS}" in
 	ufs)
 		makefs ${MAKEFSARGS} -o label=rootfs -o version=2 -o softupdates=1 \
 			${VMBASE} ${DESTDIR}
 		;;
 	zfs)
 		makefs -t zfs ${MAKEFSARGS} \
 			-o poolname=zroot -o bootfs=zroot/ROOT/default -o rootpath=/ \
 			-o fs=zroot\;mountpoint=none \
 			-o fs=zroot/ROOT\;mountpoint=none \
 			-o fs=zroot/ROOT/default\;mountpoint=/ \
 			-o fs=zroot/home\;mountpoint=/home \
 			-o fs=zroot/tmp\;mountpoint=/tmp\;exec=on\;setuid=off \
 			-o fs=zroot/usr\;mountpoint=/usr\;canmount=off \
 			-o fs=zroot/usr/ports\;setuid=off \
 			-o fs=zroot/usr/src \
 			-o fs=zroot/usr/obj \
 			-o fs=zroot/var\;mountpoint=/var\;canmount=off \
 			-o fs=zroot/var/audit\;setuid=off\;exec=off \
 			-o fs=zroot/var/log\;setuid=off\;exec=off \
 			-o fs=zroot/var/mail\;atime=on \
 			-o fs=zroot/var/tmp\;setuid=off \
 			${VMBASE} ${DESTDIR}
 		;;
 	*)
 		echo "Unexpected VMFS value '${VMFS}'"
 		exit 1
 		;;
 	esac
 }
 
 umount_loop() {
 	DIR=$1
 	i=0
 	sync
 	while ! umount ${DIR}; do
 		i=$(( $i + 1 ))
 		if [ $i -ge 10 ]; then
 			# This should never happen.  But, it has happened.
 			echo "Cannot umount(8) ${DIR}"
 			echo "Something has gone horribly wrong."
 			return 1
 		fi
 		sleep 1
 	done
 
 	return 0
 }
 
 vm_create_disk() {
 	local BOOTFILES BOOTPARTSOFFSET FSPARTTYPE X86GPTBOOTFILE
 
 	if [ -z "${NOSWAP}" ]; then
 		SWAPOPT="-p freebsd-swap/swapfs::${SWAPSIZE}"
 	fi
 
 	if [ -n "${VM_BOOTPARTSOFFSET}" ]; then
 		BOOTPARTSOFFSET=":${VM_BOOTPARTSOFFSET}"
 	fi
 
 	case "${VMFS}" in
 	ufs)
 		FSPARTTYPE=freebsd-ufs
 		X86GPTBOOTFILE=i386/gptboot/gptboot
 		;;
 	zfs)
 		FSPARTTYPE=freebsd-zfs
 		X86GPTBOOTFILE=i386/gptzfsboot/gptzfsboot
 		;;
 	*)
 		echo "Unexpected VMFS value '${VMFS}'"
 		return 1
 		;;
 	esac
 
 	echo "Creating image...  Please wait."
 	echo
 
 	BOOTFILES="$(env TARGET=${TARGET} TARGET_ARCH=${TARGET_ARCH} \
 		WITH_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes \
 		make -C ${WORLDDIR}/stand -V .OBJDIR)"
 	BOOTFILES="$(realpath ${BOOTFILES})"
 	MAKEFSARGS="-s ${VMSIZE}"
 
 	case "${TARGET}:${TARGET_ARCH}" in
 		amd64:amd64 | i386:i386)
 			ESP=yes
 			BOOTPARTS="-b ${BOOTFILES}/i386/pmbr/pmbr \
 				   -p freebsd-boot/bootfs:=${BOOTFILES}/${X86GPTBOOTFILE}${BOOTPARTSOFFSET}"
 			ROOTFSPART="-p ${FSPARTTYPE}/rootfs:=${VMBASE}"
 			MAKEFSARGS="$MAKEFSARGS -B little"
 			;;
 		arm64:aarch64 | riscv:riscv64*)
 			ESP=yes
 			BOOTPARTS=
 			ROOTFSPART="-p ${FSPARTTYPE}/rootfs:=${VMBASE}"
 			MAKEFSARGS="$MAKEFSARGS -B little"
 			;;
 		powerpc:powerpc*)
 			ESP=no
 			BOOTPARTS="-p prepboot:=${BOOTFILES}/powerpc/boot1.chrp/boot1.elf -a 1"
 			ROOTFSPART="-p freebsd:=${VMBASE}"
 			if [ ${TARGET_ARCH} = powerpc64le ]; then
 				MAKEFSARGS="$MAKEFSARGS -B little"
 			else
 				MAKEFSARGS="$MAKEFSARGS -B big"
 			fi
 			;;
 		*)
 			echo "vmimage.subr: unsupported target '${TARGET}:${TARGET_ARCH}'" >&2
 			exit 1
 			;;
 	esac
 
 	if [ ${ESP} = "yes" ]; then
 		# Create an ESP
 		espfilename=$(mktemp /tmp/efiboot.XXXXXX)
 		make_esp_file ${espfilename} ${fat32min} ${BOOTFILES}/efi/loader_lua/loader_lua.efi
 		BOOTPARTS="${BOOTPARTS} -p efi/efiesp:=${espfilename}"
 
 		# Add this to fstab
 		mkdir -p ${DESTDIR}/boot/efi
 		echo "/dev/${ROOTLABEL}/efiesp	/boot/efi       msdosfs     rw      2       2" \
 			>> ${DESTDIR}/etc/fstab
 	fi
 
 	echo "Building filesystem...  Please wait."
 	buildfs
 
 	echo "Building final disk image...  Please wait."
 	mkimg -s ${PARTSCHEME} -f ${VMFORMAT} \
 		${BOOTPARTS} \
 		${SWAPOPT} \
 		${ROOTFSPART} \
 		-o ${VMIMAGE}
 
 	echo "Disk image ${VMIMAGE} created."
 
 	if [ ${ESP} = "yes" ]; then
 		rm ${espfilename}
 	fi
 
 	return 0
 }
 
 vm_extra_create_disk() {
 
 	return 0
 }