diff --git a/games/fortune/datfiles/freebsd-tips b/games/fortune/datfiles/freebsd-tips index 759c12123bcd..bc640756fb54 100644 --- a/games/fortune/datfiles/freebsd-tips +++ b/games/fortune/datfiles/freebsd-tips @@ -1,302 +1,320 @@ This fortune brought to you by: $FreeBSD$ % Having trouble using FTP through a firewall? Try setting the environment variable FTP_PASSIVE_MODE to yes, and see ftp(1) for more details. % By pressing "Scroll Lock" you can use the arrow keys to scroll backward through the console output. Press "Scroll Lock" again to turn it off. % Want colour in your directory listings? Use "ls -G". "ls -F" is also useful, and they can be combined as "ls -FG". % If you need to ask a question on the FreeBSD-questions mailing list then http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/\ freebsd-questions/index.html contains lots of useful advice to help you get the best results. % If you'd like to keep track of applications in the FreeBSD ports tree, take a look at FreshPorts; http://www.freshports.org/ % To search for files that match a particular name, use find(1); for example find / -name "*GENERIC*" -ls will search '/', and all subdirectories, for files with 'GENERIC' in the name. -- Stephen Hilton % In tcsh, you can `set autolist' to have the shell automatically show all the possible matches when doing filename/directory expansion. -- Giorgos Keramidas % You can `set autologout = 30' to have tcsh log you off automatically if you leave the shell idle for more than 30 seconds. -- Giorgos Keramidas % If you `set filec' (file completion) in tcsh and write a part of the filename, pressing TAB will show you the available choices when there is more than one, or complete the filename if there's only one match. -- Giorgos Keramidas % You can press up-arrow or down-arrow to walk through a list of previous commands in tcsh. -- Giorgos Keramidas % You can disable tcsh's terminal beep if you `set nobeep'. -- Giorgos Keramidas % If you `set watch (0 any any)' in tcsh, you will be notified when someone logs in or out of your system. -- Giorgos Keramidas % Nice tcsh prompt: set prompt = '%m %# ' -- Giorgos Keramidas % Nice tcsh prompt: set prompt = '%n@%m%# ' -- Giorgos Keramidas % Nice tcsh prompt: set prompt = '%n@%m:%~%# ' -- Giorgos Keramidas % Nice tcsh prompt: set prompt = '%n@%m:%/%# ' -- Giorgos Keramidas % Nice tcsh prompt: set prompt = '[%B%m%b] %B%~%b%# ' % Simple tcsh prompt: set prompt = '%# ' -- Giorgos Keramidas % If you want df(1) and other commands to display disk sizes in kilobytes instead of 512-byte blocks, set BLOCKSIZE in your environment to 'K'. -- Giorgos Keramidas % To change an environment variable in tcsh you use: setenv NAME "value" where NAME is the name of the variable and "value" its new value. -- Giorgos Keramidas % To change an environment variable in /bin/sh use: $ VARIABLE="value" $ export VARIABLE -- Giorgos Keramidas % /etc/make.conf contains overrides to /etc/defaults/make.conf, which controls the options used to compile software on this system. % To do a fast search for a file, try locate filename locate uses a database that is updated every saturday (assuming your computer is running FreeBSD at the time) to quickly find files based on name only. - -- Eivind Eklund % In order to search for a string in some files, use 'grep' like this: grep "string" filename1 [filename2 filename3 ...] This will print out the lines in the files that contain the string. grep can also do a lot more advanced searches - type 'man grep' for details. - -- Eivind Eklund % You can use the 'fetch' command to retrieve files over ftp or http. fetch http://www.freebsd.org/index.html will download the front page of the FreeBSD web site. - -- Eivind Eklund % In order to make fetch (the FreeBSD downloading tool) ask for username/password when it encounter a password-protected web page, you can set the environment variable HTTP_AUTH to 'basic:*'. - -- Eivind Eklund % You can permanently set environment variables for your shell by putting them in a startup file for the shell. The name of the startup file varies depending on the shell - csh and tcsh uses .cshrc, bash uses .bashrc, zsh uses .zshrc, ksh uses .kshrc, and the Bourne shell (/bin/sh) uses .profile (and through a little bit of trickery in .profile also .shrc) Other shells will often also read .profile - -- Eivind Eklund % If you are running xterm, the default TERM variable will be 'xterm'. If you set this environment variable to 'xterm-color' instead, a lot of programs will use colors. You can do this by TERM=xterm-color; export TERM in Bourne-derived shells, and setenv TERM xterm-color in csh-derived shells. - -- Eivind Eklund % If you accidently drop into /bin/sh (e.g, due to a computer failure where you end up in single user mode), you can make the cursor keys work by typing set -E The E represents the initial E in Emacs (for emacs keys). - -- Eivind Eklund % If you do not want to get beeps in X11 (X Windows), you can turn them off with xset b off - -- Eivind Eklund % You can look through a file in a nice text-based interface by typing less filename - -- Eivind Eklund % The default editor in FreeBSD is vi, which is efficient to use when you have learned it, but somewhat user-unfriendly. To use ee (an easier but less powerful editor) instead, set the environment variable EDITOR to /usr/bin/ee - -- Eivind Eklund % If you accidently end up inside vi, you can quit it by pressing Escape, colon (:), q (q), bang (!) and pressing return. - -- Eivind Eklund % You can use aliases to decrease the amount of typing you need to do to get commands you commonly use. Examples of fairly popular aliases include (in bourne shell style, as in /bin/sh, bash, ksh, and zsh): alias lf="ls -FA" alias ll="ls -lA" alias su="su -m" In csh or tcsh, these would be alias lf ls -FA alias ll ls -lA alias su su -m To remove an alias, you can usually use 'unalias aliasname'. To list all aliases, you can usually type just 'alias'. - -- Eivind Eklund % In order to support national characters for european languages in tools like less without creating other nationalisation aspects, set the environment variable LC_ALL to 'en_US.ISO8859-1'. - -- Eivind Eklund % You can search for documentation on a keyword by typing apropos keyword - -- Eivind Eklund % Man pages are divided into section depending on topic. There are 9 different sections numbered from 1 (General Commands) to 9 (Kernel Developer's Manual). You can get an introduction to each topic by typing man intro In other words, to get the intro to general commands, type man 1 intro - -- Eivind Eklund % FreeBSD is started up by the program 'init'. The first thing init does when starting multiuser mode (ie, starting the computer up for normal use) is to run the shell script /etc/rc. By reading /etc/rc, you can learn a lot about how the system is put together, which again will make you more confident about what happens when you do something with it. - -- Eivind Eklund % If you want to play CDs with FreeBSD, a utility for this is already included. Type 'cdcontrol' then 'help' to learn more. (You may need to set the CDROM environment variable in order to make cdcontrol want to start.) - -- Eivind Eklund % If you have a CD-ROM drive in your machine, you can make the CD-ROM that is presently inserted available by typing 'mount /cdrom' as root. The CD-ROM will be available under /cdrom/. Remember to do 'unmount /cdrom' before removing the CD-ROM (it will usually not be possible to remove the CD-ROM without doing this.) Note: This tip may not work in all configurations. - -- Eivind Eklund % You can install extra packages for FreeBSD by using the ports system. If you have installed it, you can download, compile, and install software by just typing # cd /usr/ports// # make install && make clean as root. The ports infrastructure will download the software, change it so it works on FreeBSD, compile it, install it, register the installation so it will be possible to automatically uninstall it, and clean out the temporary working space it used. You can remove an installed port you decide you do not want after all by typing # cd /usr/ports// # make deinstall as root. - -- Eivind Eklund % Nice bash prompt: PS1='(\[$(tput md)\]\t <\w>\[$(tput me)\]) $(echo $?) \$ ' -- Mathieu % To see the output from when your computer started, run dmesg(8). If it has been replaced with other messages, look at /var/run/dmesg.boot. -- Francisco Reyes % You can use "whereis" to locate standard binary, manual page and source directories for the specified programs. This can be particularly handy when you are trying to find where in the ports tree an application is. Try "whereis netscape" and "whereis whereis". -- Konstantinos Konstantinidis % You can press Ctrl-D to quickly exit from a shell, or logout from a login shell. -- Konstantinos Konstantinidis % You can use "pkg_info" to see a list of packages you have installed. -- Konstantinos Konstantinidis % You can change the video mode on all consoles by adding something like the following to /etc/rc.conf: allscreens="80x30" You can use "vidcontrol -i mode | grep T" for a list of supported text modes. -- Konstantinos Konstantinidis % Any user that is a member of the wheel group can use "su -" to simulate a root login. You can add a user to the wheel group by editing /etc/group. -- -- Konstantinos Konstantinidis % Over quota? "du -s * | sort -n " will give you a sorted list of your directory sizes. -- David Scheidt % Handy bash(1) prompt: PS1="\u@\h \w \!$ " -- David Scheidt % man -k "something" will give you a list of manpages that have "something" in their description. -- David Scheidt % Ever wonder what those numbers after command names were, as in cat(1)? It's the section of the manual the man page is in. "man man" will tell you more. -- David Scheidt % "man hier" will explain the way FreeBSD filesystems are normally laid out. -- David Scheidt % "man tuning" gives some tips how to tune performance of your FreeBSD system. -- David Scheidt % "man firewall" will give advice for building a FreeBSD firewall -- David Scheidt +% +You can often get answers to your questions about FreeBSD by searching in the +FreeBSD mailing list archives at + + http://www.freebsd.org/search.html +% +You can adjust the volume of various parts of the sound system in your +computer by typing 'mixer '. To get a list of what you can +adjust, just type 'mixer'. +% +You can automatically download and install binary packages by doing + + pkg_add -r + +where you replace with the URL to the package. This will also +automatically install the packages the package you download is dependent on +(ie, the packages it needs in order to work.) +% +You can get a good standard workstation install by using the +instant-workstation port/package. If you have ports installed, you can +install it by doing + + # cd /usr/ports/misc/instant-workstation + # make install && make clean + +as root. This will install a collection of packages that is convenient to +have on a workstation. +% +You can get a good generic server install by using the +instant-server port/package. If you have ports installed, you can +install it by doing + + # cd /usr/ports/misc/instant-server + # make install && make clean + +as root. This will install a collection of packages that is appropriate for +running a "generic" server.