diff --git a/sbin/ipfw/ipfw.8 b/sbin/ipfw/ipfw.8 index 6dbfd1c8e009..0a3731800c4f 100644 --- a/sbin/ipfw/ipfw.8 +++ b/sbin/ipfw/ipfw.8 @@ -1,2025 +1,2054 @@ .\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" .de NOIPFW .br (\\$1 NOT IN IPFW) .br .. .Dd August 13, 2002 .Dt IPFW 8 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm ipfw .Nd IP firewall and traffic shaper control program .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm -.Op Fl q +.Op Fl cq .Cm add .Ar rule .Nm -.Op Fl adeftNS +.Op Fl acdeftNS .Brq Cm list | show .Op Ar number ... .Nm .Op Fl f | q .Cm flush .Nm .Op Fl q .Brq Cm delete | zero | resetlog .Op Cm set .Op Ar number ... .Pp .Nm .Cm set Oo Cm disable Ar number ... Oc Op Cm enable Ar number ... .Nm .Cm set move .Op Cm rule .Ar number Cm to Ar number .Nm .Cm set swap Ar number number .Nm .Cm set show .Pp .Nm .Brq Cm pipe | queue .Ar number .Cm config .Ar config-options .Nm .Op Fl s Op Ar field .Brq Cm pipe | queue .Brq Cm delete | list | show .Op Ar number ... .Pp .Nm .Op Fl q .Oo .Fl p Ar preproc .Oo Fl D .Ar macro Ns Op = Ns Ar value .Oc .Op Fl U Ar macro .Oc .Ar pathname .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm utility is the user interface for controlling the .Xr ipfw 4 firewall and the .Xr dummynet 4 traffic shaper in .Fx . .Pp .Em NOTE: this manual page refers to the newer version of .Nm introduced in July 2002, also known as .Nm ipfw2 . The commands listed here are a superset of the old firewall, which we will call .Nm ipfw1 when it is necessary to distinguish between the two. .Pp .Nm ipfw2 is standard in .Fx CURRENT, whereas .Fx STABLE still uses .Nm ipfw1 unless the kernel is compiled with .Cm options IPFW2 , and .Nm /sbin/ipfw and .Nm /usr/lib/libalias are recompiled with .Cm -DIPFW2 and reinstalled (the same effect can be achieved by adding .Cm IPFW2=TRUE to .Nm /etc/make.conf before a buildworld). .Pp See the .Sx IPFW2 ENHANCEMENTS Section for a list of features which are not present in .Nm ipfw1 . This list can also be useful to revise your rules and write them more efficiently. .Pp An .Nm configuration, or .Em ruleset , is made of a list of .Em rules numbered from 1 to 65535. Packets are passed to .Nm in a number of different places in the protocol stack (depending on the source and destination of the packet, it is possible that .Nm is invoked multiple times on the same packet). The packet passed to the firewall is compared against each of the rules in the firewall .Em ruleset . When a match is found, the action corresponding to the matching rule is performed. .Pp Depending on the action and certain system settings, packets can be reinjected into the firewall at some rule after the matching one for further processing. .Pp An .Nm ruleset always includes a .Em default rule (numbered 65535) which cannot be modified, and matches all packets. The action associated with the .Em default rule can be either .Cm deny or .Cm allow depending on how the kernel is configured. .Pp If the ruleset includes one or more rules with the .Cm keep-state or .Cm limit option, then .Nm assumes a .Em stateful behaviour, i.e. upon a match it will create dynamic rules matching the exact parameters (addresses and ports) of the matching packet. .Pp These dynamic rules, which have a limited lifetime, are checked at the first occurrence of a .Cm check-state , .Cm keep-state or .Cm limit rule, and are typically used to open the firewall on-demand to legitimate traffic only. See the .Sx STATEFUL FIREWALL and .Sx EXAMPLES Sections below for more information on the stateful behaviour of .Nm . .Pp All rules (including dynamic ones) have a few associated counters: a packet count, a byte count, a log count and a timestamp indicating the time of the last match. Counters can be displayed or reset with .Nm commands. .Pp Rules can be added with the .Cm add command; deleted individually or in groups with the .Cm delete command, and globally with the .Cm flush command; displayed, optionally with the content of the counters, using the .Cm show and .Cm list commands. Finally, counters can be reset with the .Cm zero and .Cm resetlog commands. .Pp Also, each rule belongs to one of 32 different .Em sets , and there are .Nm commands to atomically manipulate sets, such as enable, disable, swap sets, move all rules in a set to another one, delete all rules in a set. These can be useful to install temporary configurations, or to test them. See Section .Sx SETS OF RULES for more information on .Em sets . .Pp The following options are available: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Fl a While listing, show counter values. The .Cm show command just implies this option. +.It Fl c +When entering or showing rules, print them in compact form, +i.e. without the optional "ip from any to any" string +when this does not carry any additional information. .It Fl d While listing, show dynamic rules in addition to static ones. .It Fl e While listing, if the .Fl d option was specified, also show expired dynamic rules. .It Fl f Don't ask for confirmation for commands that can cause problems if misused, .No i.e. Cm flush . If there is no tty associated with the process, this is implied. .It Fl N Try to resolve addresses and service names in output. .It Fl q While .Cm add Ns ing , .Cm zero Ns ing , .Cm resetlog Ns ging or .Cm flush Ns ing , be quiet about actions (implies .Fl f ) . This is useful for adjusting rules by executing multiple .Nm commands in a script (e.g., .Ql sh\ /etc/rc.firewall ) , or by processing a file of many .Nm rules, across a remote login session. If a .Cm flush is performed in normal (verbose) mode (with the default kernel configuration), it prints a message. Because all rules are flushed, the message might not be delivered to the login session, causing the remote login session to be closed and the remainder of the ruleset is not processed. Access to the console would then be required to recover. .It Fl S While listing rules, show the .Em set each rule belongs to. If this flag is not specified, disabled rules will not be listed. .It Fl s Op Ar field While listing pipes, sort according to one of the four counters (total and current packets or bytes). .It Fl t While listing, show last match timestamp. .El .Pp To ease configuration, rules can be put into a file which is processed using .Nm as shown in the first synopsis line. An absolute .Ar pathname must be used. The file will be read line by line and applied as arguments to the .Nm utility. .Pp Optionally, a preprocessor can be specified using .Fl p Ar preproc where .Ar pathname is to be piped through. Useful preprocessors include .Xr cpp 1 and .Xr m4 1 . If .Ar preproc doesn't start with a slash .Pq Ql / as its first character, the usual .Ev PATH name search is performed. Care should be taken with this in environments where not all filesystems are mounted (yet) by the time .Nm is being run (e.g. when they are mounted over NFS). Once .Fl p has been specified, optional .Fl D and .Fl U specifications can follow and will be passed on to the preprocessor. This allows for flexible configuration files (like conditionalizing them on the local hostname) and the use of macros to centralize frequently required arguments like IP addresses. .Pp The .Nm .Cm pipe and .Cm queue commands are used to configure the traffic shaper, as shown in the .Sx TRAFFIC SHAPER CONFIGURATION Section below. .Sh PACKET FLOW .Nm can be invoked from multiple places in the protocol stack, under control of several system parameters, and it is important to understand when this occurs in order to design a proper ruleset. The places where .Nm is invoked are listed below, together with the sysctl variables which control its invocation. .Bd -literal -offset indent ^ to upper layers V | | +----------->-----------+ ^ V [ip_input] [ip_output] net.inet.ip.fw.enable=1 | | ^ V [ether_demux] [ether_output_frame] net.link.ether.ipfw=1 | | +-->--[bdg_forward]-->--+ net.link.ether.bridge_ipfw=1 ^ V | to devices | .Ed .Pp As can be noted from the above picture, the number of times the same packet goes through the firewall can vary between 0 and 4 depending o packet source and destination, and system configuration. In each of these places, the packet is passed to .Nm with all (and only) the fields that belong to that level. That is, incoming packets will include the MAC header when .Nm is invoked from .Cm ether_demux() , but the same packets will have the MAC header stripped off when .Nm is invoked from .Cm ip_input() . .br The complete ruleset is always used, irrespective of the place where .Nm is invoked, or the source of the packet. If a rule contains some match patterns or actions which are not valid for the place of invokation (e.g. trying to match a MAC header when .Nm is called from .Cm ip_input() -) the rule will simply not match. It is thus responsibility of +) the match pattern will not match. However, a +.Cm not +operator in front of such patterns will cause the pattern to +.Em always +match on those packets, which might cause undesired results. +It is thus responsibility of the programmer, if necessary, to write a suitable ruleset to differentiate among the possible places. .Cm skipto rules can be useful here, as an example: .Bd -literal -offset indent # packets from ether_demux or bdg_forward ipfw add 10 skipto 1000 all from any to any layer2 in # packets from ip_input ipfw add 10 skipto 2000 all from any to any not layer2 in # packets from ip_output ipfw add 10 skipto 3000 all from any to any not layer2 out # packets from ether_output_frame ipfw add 10 skipto 4000 all from any to any layer2 out .Ed .Pp (yes, at the moment there is no way to differentiate between ether_demux and bdg_forward). .Sh RULE FORMAT The format of .Nm rules is the following: .Bd -ragged -offset indent .Op Ar rule_number .Op Cm set Ar set_number .Op Cm prob Ar match_probability .br .Ar " " action .Op Cm log Op Cm logamount Ar number .Ar body .Ed .Pp where the body of the rule specifies which information is used for filtering packets, among the following: .Pp .Bl -tag -width "Source and dest. addresses and ports" -offset XXX -compact .It Layer-2 header fields When available .It IPv4 Protocol TCP, UDP, ICMP, etc. .It Source and dest. addresses and ports .It Direction See Section .Sx PACKET FLOW .It Transmit and receive interface By name or address .It Misc. IP header fields Version, type of service, datagram length, identification, fragment flag (non-zero IP offset), Time To Live .It IP options .It Misc. TCP header fields TCP flags (SYN, FIN, ACK, RST, etc.), sequence number, acknowledgment number, window .It TCP options .It ICMP types for ICMP packets .It User/group ID When the packet can be associate to a local socket. .El .Pp Note that some of the above information, e.g. source MAC or IP addresses and TCP/UDP ports, could easily be spoofed, so filtering on those fields alone might not guarantee the desired results. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Ar rule_number Each rule is associated with a .Ar rule_number in the range 1..65535, with the latter reserved for the .Em default rule. Rules are checked sequentially by rule number. Multiple rules can have the same number, in which case they are checked (and listed) according to the order in which they have been added. If a rule is entered without specifying a number, the kernel will assign one in such a way that the rule becomes the last one before the .Em default rule. Automatic rule numbers are assigned by incrementing the last non-default rule number by the value of the sysctl variable .Ar net.inet.ip.fw.autoinc_step which defaults to 100. If this is not possible (e.g. because we would go beyond the maximum allowed rule number), the same number of the last non-default value is used instead. .It Cm set Ar set_number Each rule is associated to a .Ar set_number in the range 0..31, with the latter reserved for the .Em default rule. Sets can be individually disabled and enabled, so this parameter is of fundamental importance for atomic ruleset manipulation. It can be also used to simplify deletion of groups of rules. If a rule is entered without specifying a set number, set 0 will be used. .It Cm prob Ar match_probability A match is only declared with the specified probability (floating point number between 0 and 1). This can be useful for a number of applications such as random packet drop or (in conjunction with .Xr dummynet 4 ) to simulate the effect of multiple paths leading to out-of-order packet delivery. .It Cm log Op Cm logamount Ar number When a packet matches a rule with the .Cm log keyword, a message will be logged to .Xr syslogd 8 with a .Dv LOG_SECURITY facility. The logging only occurs if the sysctl variable .Em net.inet.ip.fw.verbose is set to 1 (which is the default when the kernel is compiled with .Dv IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE ) and the number of packets logged so far for that particular rule does not exceed ther .Cm logamount parameter. If no .Cm logamount is specified, the limit is taken from the sysctl variable .Em net.inet.ip.fw.verbose_limit . In both cases, a value of 0 removes the logging limit. .Pp Once the limit is reached, logging can be re-enabled by clearing the logging counter or the packet counter for that entry, see the .Cm resetlog command. .Pp .El .Ss RULE ACTIONS A rule can be associated with one of the following actions, which will be executed when the packet matches the body of the rule. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Cm allow | accept | pass | permit Allow packets that match rule. The search terminates. .It Cm check-state Checks the packet against the dynamic ruleset. If a match is found, execute the action associated with the rule which generated this dynamic rule, otherwise move to the next rule. .br .Cm Check-state rules do not have a body. If no .Cm check-state rule is found, the dynamic ruleset is checked at the first .Cm keep-state or .Cm limit rule. .It Cm count Update counters for all packets that match rule. The search continues with the next rule. .It Cm deny | drop Discard packets that match this rule. The search terminates. .It Cm divert Ar port Divert packets that match this rule to the .Xr divert 4 socket bound to port .Ar port . The search terminates. .It Cm fwd | forward Ar ipaddr Ns Op , Ns Ar port Change the next-hop on matching packets to .Ar ipaddr , which can be an IP address in dotted quad or a host name. The search terminates if this rule matches. .Pp If .Ar ipaddr is a local address, then matching packets will be forwarded to .Ar port (or the port number in the packet if one is not specified in the rule) on the local machine. .br If .Ar ipaddr is not a local address, then the port number (if specified) is ignored, and the packet will be forwarded to the remote address, using the route as found in the local routing table for that IP. .br A .Ar fwd rule will not match layer-2 packets (those received on ether_input, ether_output, or bridged). .br The .Cm fwd action does not change the contents of the packet at all. In particular, the destination address remains unmodified, so packets forwarded to another system will usually be rejected by that system unless there is a matching rule on that system to capture them. For packets forwarded locally, the local address of the socket will be set to the original destination address of the packet. This makes the .Xr netstat 1 entry look rather weird but is intended for use with transparent proxy servers. .It Cm pipe Ar pipe_nr Pass packet to a .Xr dummynet 4 .Dq pipe (for bandwidth limitation, delay, etc.). See the .Sx TRAFFIC SHAPER CONFIGURATION Section for further information. The search terminates; however, on exit from the pipe and if the .Xr sysctl 8 variable .Em net.inet.ip.fw.one_pass is not set, the packet is passed again to the firewall code starting from the next rule. .It Cm queue Ar queue_nr Pass packet to a .Xr dummynet 4 .Dq queue (for bandwidth limitation using WF2Q). .It Cm reject (Deprecated). Synonym for .Cm unreach host . .It Cm reset Discard packets that match this rule, and if the packet is a TCP packet, try to send a TCP reset (RST) notice. The search terminates. .It Cm skipto Ar number Skip all subsequent rules numbered less than .Ar number . The search continues with the first rule numbered .Ar number or higher. .It Cm tee Ar port Send a copy of packets matching this rule to the .Xr divert 4 socket bound to port .Ar port . The search terminates and the original packet is accepted (but see Section .Sx BUGS below). .It Cm unreach Ar code Discard packets that match this rule, and try to send an ICMP unreachable notice with code .Ar code , where .Ar code is a number from 0 to 255, or one of these aliases: .Cm net , host , protocol , port , .Cm needfrag , srcfail , net-unknown , host-unknown , .Cm isolated , net-prohib , host-prohib , tosnet , .Cm toshost , filter-prohib , host-precedence or .Cm precedence-cutoff . The search terminates. .El .Ss RULE BODY The body of a rule contains zero or more patterns (such as specific source and destination addresses or ports, protocol options, incoming or outgoing interfaces, etc.) that the packet must match in order to be recognised. In general, the patterns are connected by (implicit) -.Em and -connectives -- i.e. all must match in order for the +.Cm and +operators -- i.e. all must match in order for the rule to match. Individual patterns can be prefixed by the -.Em not -keyword to reverse the result of the match, as in +.Cm not +operator to reverse the result of the match, as in .Pp .Dl "ipfw add 100 allow ip from not 1.2.3.4 to any" .Pp Additionally, sets of alternative match patterns ( .Em or-blocks ) can be constructed by putting the patterns in lists enclosed between parentheses ( ) or braces { }, and -using +using the .Cm or -connectives as follows: +operator as follows: .Pp .Dl "ipfw add 100 allow ip from { x or not y or z } to any" .Pp Only one level of parentheses is allowed. Beware that most shells have special meanings for parentheses -or braces, so it is advisable to put a \\ in front of them. +or braces, so it is advisable to put a backslash \\ in front of them +to prevent such interpretations. .Pp The body of a rule must in general include a source and destination addres specifier. The keyword .Ar any can be used in various places to specify that the content of a required field is irrelevant. .Pp -The rule body format is one of the following: +The rule body has the following format: .Bd -ragged -offset indent -.Ar proto -.Cm from Ar src -.Cm to Ar dst +.Op Ar proto Cm from Ar src Cm to Ar dst .Op Ar options -.Pp -.Cm MAC Ar dst-mac src-mac Op Cm not -.Ar mac-type Op Ar options .Ed .Pp -where the second format allows you to specify MAC header fields -instead of IPv4 header fields. -Note that in practice both formats are equivalent, because the +The first part (protocol from src to dst) is for backward +compatibility with +.Nm ipfw1 . +In +.Nm ipfw2 +any match pattern (including MAC headers, IPv4 protocols, +addresses and ports) can be specified in the .Ar options -let you specify match patterns for all IP and MAC header fields. +section. .Pp Rule fields have the following meaning: .Bl -tag -width indent -.It Ar proto -An IPv4 protocol specified by number or name (for a complete -list see +.It Ar proto : protocol | Cm { Ar protocol Cm or ... } +An IPv4 protocol (or an +.Em or-block +with multiple protocols) specified by number or name +(for a complete list see .Pa /etc/protocols ) . The .Cm ip or .Cm all keywords mean any protocol will match. -.It Ar src No and Ar dst : ip-address | { ip-address Cm or ... } Op Ar ports +.It Ar src No and Ar dst : ip-address | Cm { Ar ip-address Cm or ... } Op Ar ports A single .Ar ip-address , or an .Em or-block containing one or more of them, optionally followed by .Ar ports specifiers. .It Ar ip-address : An address (or set of addresses) specified in one of the following ways, optionally preceded by a .Cm not operator: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Cm any matches any IP address. .It Cm me matches any IP address configured on an interface in the system. The address list is evaluated at the time the packet is analysed. .It Ar numeric-ip | hostname Matches a single IPv4 address, specified as dotted-quad or a hostname. Hostnames are resolved at the time the rule is added to the firewall list. .It Ar addr Ns / Ns Ar masklen Matches all addresses with base .Ar addr (specified as a dotted quad or a hostname) and mask width of .Cm masklen bits. As an example, 1.2.3.4/25 will match all IP numbers from 1.2.3.0 to 1.2.3.127 . .It Ar addr Ns / Ns Ar masklen Ns Cm { Ns Ar num,num,... Ns Cm } Matches all addresses with base address .Ar addr (specified as a dotted quad or a hostname) and whose last byte is in the list between braces { } . Note that there must be no spaces between braces, commas and numbers. The .Ar masklen field is used to limit the size of the set of addresses, and can have any value between 24 and 32. .br As an example, an address specified as 1.2.3.4/24{128,35,55,89} will match the following IP addresses: .br 1.2.3.128 1.2.3.35 1.2.3.55 1.2.3.89 . .br This format is particularly useful to handle sparse address sets within a single rule. Because the matching occurs using a bitmask, it takes constant time and dramatically reduces the complexity of rulesets. .El .It Ar ports : Oo Cm not Oc Bro Ar port | port Ns \&- Ns Ar port Ns Brc Op , Ns Ar ... For protocols which support port numbers (such as TCP and UDP), optional .Cm ports may be specified as one or more ports or port ranges, separated by commas but no spaces, and an optional .Cm not operator. The .Ql \&- notation specifies a range of ports (including boundaries). .Pp Service names (from .Pa /etc/services ) may be used instead of numeric port values. The length of the port list is limited to 30 ports or ranges, though one can specify larger ranges by using an .Em or-block in the .Cm options section of the rule. .Pp A backslash .Pq Ql \e can be used to escape the dash .Pq Ql - -character in a service name: +character in a service name (from a shell, the backslash must be +typed twice to avoid that the shell itself uses it as an escape +character). .Pp .Dl "ipfw add count tcp from any ftp\e\e-data-ftp to any" .Pp Fragmented packets which have a non-zero offset (i.e. not the first fragment) will never match a rule which has one or more port specifications. See the .Cm frag option for details on matching fragmented packets. -.It Ar dst-mac, src-mac -Destination and source MAC addresses, specified as -groups of hex digits separated by commas, and optionally -followed by a mask indicating how many bits are significant: -.Pp -.Dl "ipfw add allow MAC 10:20:30:40:50:60/30 any any -.Pp -Note that the order of MAC addresses (destination first, -source second) is -the same as on the wire, but the opposite of the one used for -IP addresses. -.It Ar mac-type -The value of the Ethernet Type field, specified in the same way as -.Cm port numbers -(i.e. one or more comma-separated single values or ranges). -You can use symbolic names for known values such as -.Em vlan , ipv4, ipv6 . -The values can be enter as decimal or hexadecimal, but they -are always printed as hexadecimal (unless the -.Cm -N -option is used, in which case symbolic resolution will be -attempted). .El .Ss RULE OPTIONS (MATCH PATTERNS) Additional match patterns can be used within rules. Zero or more of these so-called .Em options can be present in a rule, optionally prefixed by the .Cm not operand, and possibly grouped into .Em or-blocks . .Pp The following match patterns can be used (listed in alphabetical order): .Bl -tag -width indent .It Cm bridged Matches only bridged packets. .It Cm dst-ip Ar ip address Matches IP packets whose destination IP is one of the address(es) specified as argument. .It Cm dst-port Ar source ports Matches IP packets whose destination port is one of the port(s) specified as argument. .It Cm established Matches TCP packets that have the RST or ACK bits set. .It Cm frag Matches packets that are fragments and not the first fragment of an IP datagram. Note that these packets will not have the next protocol header (e.g. TCP, UDP) so options that look into these headers cannot match. .It Cm gid Ar group Matches all TCP or UDP packets sent by or received for a .Ar group . A .Ar group may be specified by name or number. .It Cm icmptypes Ar types Matches ICMP packets whose ICMP type is in the list .Ar types . The list may be specified as any combination of ranges or individual types separated by commas. The supported ICMP types are: .Pp echo reply .Pq Cm 0 , destination unreachable .Pq Cm 3 , source quench .Pq Cm 4 , redirect .Pq Cm 5 , echo request .Pq Cm 8 , router advertisement .Pq Cm 9 , router solicitation .Pq Cm 10 , time-to-live exceeded .Pq Cm 11 , IP header bad .Pq Cm 12 , timestamp request .Pq Cm 13 , timestamp reply .Pq Cm 14 , information request .Pq Cm 15 , information reply .Pq Cm 16 , address mask request .Pq Cm 17 and address mask reply .Pq Cm 18 . .It Cm in | out Matches incoming or outgoing packets, respectively. .Cm in and .Cm out are mutually exclusive (in fact, .Cm out is implemented as .Cm not in Ns No ). .It Cm ipid Ar id Matches IP packets whose .Cm ip_id field has value .Ar id . .It Cm iplen Ar len Matches IP packets whose total length, including header and data, is .Ar len bytes. .It Cm ipoptions Ar spec Matches packets whose IP header contains the comma separated list of options specified in .Ar spec . The supported IP options are: .Pp .Cm ssrr (strict source route), .Cm lsrr (loose source route), .Cm rr (record packet route) and .Cm ts (timestamp). The absence of a particular option may be denoted with a .Ql \&! . .It Cm ipprecedence Ar precedence Matches IP packets whose precedence field is equal to .Ar precedence . .It Cm iptos Ar spec Matches IP packets whose .Cm tos field contains the comma separated list of service types specified in .Ar spec . The supported IP types of service are: .Pp .Cm lowdelay .Pq Dv IPTOS_LOWDELAY , .Cm throughput .Pq Dv IPTOS_THROUGHPUT , .Cm reliability .Pq Dv IPTOS_RELIABILITY , .Cm mincost .Pq Dv IPTOS_MINCOST , .Cm congestion .Pq Dv IPTOS_CE . The absence of a particular type may be denoted with a .Ql \&! . .It Cm ipttl Ar ttl Matches IP packets whose time to live is .Ar ttl . .It Cm ipversion Ar ver Matches IP packets whose IP version field is .Ar ver . .It Cm keep-state Upon a match, the firewall will create a dynamic rule, whose default behaviour is to matching bidirectional traffic between source and destination IP/port using the same protocol. The rule has a limited lifetime (controlled by a set of .Xr sysctl 8 variables), and the lifetime is refreshed every time a matching packet is found. .It Cm layer2 Matches only layer2 packets, i.e. those passed to .Nm from ether_demux() and ether_output_frame(). .It Cm limit Bro Cm src-addr | src-port | dst-addr | dst-port Brc Ar N The firewall will only allow .Ar N connections with the same set of parameters as specified in the rule. One or more of source and destination addresses and ports can be specified. .It Cm { MAC | mac } Ar dst-mac src-mac -Match packets with a given dst-mac and src-mac addresses, specified -in one of the forms described earlier. +Match packets with a given +.Ar dst-mac +and +Ar src-mac +addresses, specified as the +.Cm any +keyword (matching any MAC address), or six groups of hex digits +separated by commas, +and optionally followed by a mask indicating how many bits are +significant, as in +.Pp +.Dl "MAC 10:20:30:40:50:60/33 any" +.Pp +Note that the order of MAC addresses (destination first, +source second) is +the same as on the wire, but the opposite of the one used for +IP addresses. .It Cm mac-type Ar mac-type -Matches packets whose -.Ar mac-type +Matches packets whose Ethernet Type field corresponds to one of those specified as argument. +.Ar mac-type +is specified in the same way as +.Cm port numbers +(i.e. one or more comma-separated single values or ranges). +You can use symbolic names for known values such as +.Em vlan , ipv4, ipv6 . +Values can be enter as decimal or hexadecimal (if prefixed by 0x), +and they are always printed as hexadecimal (unless the +.Cm -N +option is used, in which case symbolic resolution will be attempted). .It Cm proto Ar protocol Matches packets with the corresponding IPv4 protocol. .It Cm recv | xmit | via Brq Ar ifX | Ar if Ns Cm * | Ar ipno | Ar any Matches packets received, transmitted or be going through, respectively, the interface specified by exact name .Ns No ( Ar ifX Ns No ), by device name .Ns No ( Ar if Ns Ar * Ns No ), by IP address, or through some interface. .Pp The .Cm via keyword causes the interface to always be checked. If .Cm recv or .Cm xmit is used instead of .Cm via , then only the receive or transmit interface (respectively) is checked. By specifying both, it is possible to match packets based on both receive and transmit interface, e.g.: .Pp .Dl "ipfw add deny ip from any to any out recv ed0 xmit ed1" .Pp The .Cm recv interface can be tested on either incoming or outgoing packets, while the .Cm xmit interface can only be tested on outgoing packets. So .Cm out is required (and .Cm in is invalid) whenever .Cm xmit is used. .Pp A packet may not have a receive or transmit interface: packets originating from the local host have no receive interface, while packets destined for the local host have no transmit interface. .It Cm setup Matches TCP packets that have the SYN bit set but no ACK bit. This is the short form of .Dq Li tcpflags\ syn,!ack . .It Cm src-ip Ar ip-address Matches IP packets whose source IP is one of the address(es) specified as argument. .It Cm src-port Ar ports Matches IP packets whose source port is one of the port(s) specified as argument. .It Cm tcpack Ar ack TCP packets only. Match if the TCP header acknowledgment number field is set to .Ar ack . .It Cm tcpflags Ar spec TCP packets only. Match if the TCP header contains the comma separated list of flags specified in .Ar spec . The supported TCP flags are: .Pp .Cm fin , .Cm syn , .Cm rst , .Cm psh , .Cm ack and .Cm urg . The absence of a particular flag may be denoted with a .Ql \&! . A rule which contains a .Cm tcpflags specification can never match a fragmented packet which has a non-zero offset. See the .Cm frag option for details on matching fragmented packets. .It Cm tcpseq Ar seq TCP packets only. Match if the TCP header sequence number field is set to .Ar seq . .It Cm tcpwin Ar win TCP packets only. Match if the TCP header window field is set to .Ar win . .It Cm tcpoptions Ar spec TCP packets only. Match if the TCP header contains the comma separated list of options specified in .Ar spec . The supported TCP options are: .Pp .Cm mss (maximum segment size), .Cm window (tcp window advertisement), .Cm sack (selective ack), .Cm ts (rfc1323 timestamp) and .Cm cc (rfc1644 t/tcp connection count). The absence of a particular option may be denoted with a .Ql \&! . .It Cm uid Ar user Match all TCP or UDP packets sent by or received for a .Ar user . A .Ar user may be matched by name or identification number. .El .Sh SETS OF RULES Each rule belongs to one of 32 different .Em sets , numbered 0 to 31. Set 31 is reserved for the default rule. .Pp By default, rules are put in set 0, unless you use the .Cm set N attribute when entering a new rule. Sets can be individually and atomically enabled or disabled, so this mechanism permits an easy way to store multiple configurations of the firewall and quickly (and atomically) switch between them. The command to enable/disable sets is .Pp .Nm .Cm set disable Ar number ... Op Cm enable Ar number ... .Pp where multiple .Cm enable or .Cm disable sections can be specified. Command execution is atomic on all the sets specified in the command. By default, all sets are enabled. .Pp When you disable a set, its rules behave as if they were not existing in the firewall configuration, with only one exception: .Bl -bullet .It dynamic rules created from a rule before it had been disabled will still be active until they expire. In order to delete dynamic rules you have to explicitly delete the parent rule which generated them; .El The set number of rules can be changed with the command .Pp .Nm .Cm set move .Brq Cm rule Ar rule-number | old-set .Cm to Ar new-set .Pp Also, you can atomically swap two rulesets with the command .Pp .Nm .Cm set swap Ar first-set second-set .Pp See the .Sx EXAMPLES Section on some possible uses of sets of rules. .Sh STATEFUL FIREWALL Stateful operation is a way for the firewall to dynamically create rules for specific flows when packets that match a given pattern are detected. Support for stateful operation comes through the .Cm check-state , keep-state and .Cm limit options of .Nm rules. .Pp Dynamic rules are created when a packet matches a .Cm keep-state or .Cm limit rule, causing the creation of a .Em dynamic rule which will match all and only packets with a given .Em protocol between a .Em src-ip/src-port dst-ip/dst-port pair of addresses ( .Em src and .Em dst are used here only to denote the initial match addresses, but they are completely equivalent afterwards). Dynamic rules will be checked at the first .Cm check-state, keep-state or .Cm limit occurrence, and the action performed upon a match will be the same as in the parent rule. .Pp Note that no additional attributes other than protocol and IP addresses and ports are checked on dynamic rules. .Pp The typical use of dynamic rules is to keep a closed firewall configuration, but let the first TCP SYN packet from the inside network install a dynamic rule for the flow so that packets belonging to that session will be allowed through the firewall: .Pp .Dl "ipfw add check-state" .Dl "ipfw add allow tcp from my-subnet to any setup" .Dl "ipfw add deny tcp from any to any" .Pp A similar approach can be used for UDP, where an UDP packet coming from the inside will install a dynamic rule to let the response through the firewall: .Pp .Dl "ipfw add check-state" .Dl "ipfw add allow udp from my-subnet to any" .Dl "ipfw add deny udp from any to any" .Pp Dynamic rules expire after some time, which depends on the status of the flow and the setting of some .Cm sysctl variables. See Section .Sx SYSCTL VARIABLES for more details. For TCP sessions, dynamic rules can be instructed to periodically send keepalive packets to refresh the state of the rule when it is about to expire. .Pp See Section .Sx EXAMPLES for more examples on how to use dynamic rules. .Sh TRAFFIC SHAPER CONFIGURATION .Nm is also the user interface for the .Xr dummynet 4 traffic shaper. The shaper operates by dividing packets into .Em flows according to a user-specified mask on different fields of the IP header. Packets belonging to the same flow are then passed to two different objects, named .Em pipe or .Em queue . .Pp A .Em pipe emulates a link with given bandwidth, propagation delay, queue size and packet loss rate. Packets transit through the pipe according to its parameters. .Pp A .Em queue is an abstraction used to implement the WF2Q+ (Worst-case Fair Weighted Fair Queueing) policy. The queue associates to each flow a weight and a reference pipe. Then, all flows linked to the same pipe are scheduled at the rate fixed by the pipe according to the WF2Q+ policy. .Pp The .Nm pipe configuration format is the following: .Bd -ragged -offset indent .Cm pipe Ar number Cm config Ar pipe-configuration .Ed .Pp The .Nm queue configuration format is the following: .Bd -ragged -offset indent .Cm queue Ar number Cm config Ar queue-configuration .Ed .Pp The following parameters can be configured for a pipe: .Pp .Bl -tag -width indent -compact .It Cm bw Ar bandwidth | device Bandwidth, measured in .Sm off .Op Cm K | M .Brq Cm bit/s | Byte/s . .Sm on .Pp A value of 0 (default) means unlimited bandwidth. The unit must follow immediately the number, as in .Pp .Dl "ipfw pipe 1 config bw 300Kbit/s" .Pp If a device name is specified instead of a numeric value, then the transmit clock is supplied by the specified device. At the moment only the .Xr tun 4 device supports this functionality, for use in conjunction with .Xr ppp 8 . .Pp .It Cm delay Ar ms-delay Propagation delay, measured in milliseconds. The value is rounded to the next multiple of the clock tick (typically 10ms, but it is a good practice to run kernels with .Dq "options HZ=1000" to reduce the granularity to 1ms or less). Default value is 0, meaning no delay. .El .Pp The following parameters can be configured for a queue: .Pp .Bl -tag -width indent -compact .It Cm pipe Ar pipe_nr Connects a queue to the specified pipe. Multiple queues (usually with different weights) can be connected to the same pipe, which specifies the aggregate rate for the set of queues. .Pp .It Cm weight Ar weight Specifies the weight to be used for flows matching this queue. The weight must be in the range 1..100, and defaults to 1. .El .Pp Finally, the following parameters can be configured for both pipes and queues: .Pp .Bl -tag -width indent -compact .Pp .It Cm buckets Ar hash-table-size Specifies the size of the hash table used for storing the various queues. Default value is 64 controlled by the .Xr sysctl 8 variable .Em net.inet.ip.dummynet.hash_size , allowed range is 16 to 1024. .Pp .It Cm mask Ar mask-specifier The .Xr dummynet 4 lets you to create per-flow queues. A flow identifier is constructed by masking the IP addresses, ports and protocol types as specified in the pipe configuration. Packets with the same identifier after masking fall into the same queue. Available mask specifiers are a combination of the following: .Cm dst-ip Ar mask , .Cm src-ip Ar mask , .Cm dst-port Ar mask , .Cm src-port Ar mask , .Cm proto Ar mask or .Cm all , where the latter means all bits in all fields are significant. When used within a .Ar pipe configuration, each flow is assigned a rate equal to the rate of the pipe. When used within a .Ar queue configuration, each flow is assigned a weight equal to the weight of the queue, and all flows insisting on the same pipe share bandwidth proportionally to their weight. .Pp .It Cm noerror When a packet is dropped by a dummynet queue or pipe, the error is normally reported to the caller routine in the kernel, in the same way as it happens when a device queue fills up. Setting this option reports the packet as successfully delivered, which can be needed for some experimental setups where you want to simulate loss or congestion at a remote router. .Pp .It Cm plr Ar packet-loss-rate Packet loss rate. Argument .Ar packet-loss-rate is a floating-point number between 0 and 1, with 0 meaning no loss, 1 meaning 100% loss. The loss rate is internally represented on 31 bits. .Pp .It Cm queue Brq Ar slots | size Ns Cm Kbytes Queue size, in .Ar slots or .Cm KBytes . Default value is 50 slots, which is the typical queue size for Ethernet devices. Note that for slow speed links you should keep the queue size short or your traffic might be affected by a significant queueing delay. E.g., 50 max-sized ethernet packets (1500 bytes) mean 600Kbit or 20s of queue on a 30Kbit/s pipe. Even worse effect can result if you get packets from an interface with a much larger MTU, e.g. the loopback interface with its 16KB packets. .Pp .It Cm red | gred Ar w_q Ns / Ns Ar min_th Ns / Ns Ar max_th Ns / Ns Ar max_p Make use of the RED (Random Early Detection) queue management algorithm. .Ar w_q and .Ar max_p are floating point numbers between 0 and 1 (0 not included), while .Ar min_th and .Ar max_th are integer numbers specifying thresholds for queue management (thresholds are computed in bytes if the queue has been defined in bytes, in slots otherwise). The .Xr dummynet 4 also supports the gentle RED variant (gred). Three .Xr sysctl 8 variables can be used to control the RED behaviour: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Em net.inet.ip.dummynet.red_lookup_depth specifies the accuracy in computing the average queue when the link is idle (defaults to 256, must be greater than zero) .It Em net.inet.ip.dummynet.red_avg_pkt_size specifies the expected average packet size (defaults to 512, must be greater than zero) .It Em net.inet.ip.dummynet.red_max_pkt_size specifies the expected maximum packet size, only used when queue thresholds are in bytes (defaults to 1500, must be greater than zero). .El .El .Sh CHECKLIST Here are some important points to consider when designing your rules: .Bl -bullet .It Remember that you filter both packets going .Cm in and .Cm out . Most connections need packets going in both directions. .It Remember to test very carefully. It is a good idea to be near the console when doing this. If you cannot be near the console, use an auto-recovery script such as the one in .Pa /usr/share/examples/ipfw/change_rules.sh . .It Don't forget the loopback interface. .El .Sh FINE POINTS .Bl -bullet .It There are circumstances where fragmented datagrams are unconditionally dropped. TCP packets are dropped if they do not contain at least 20 bytes of TCP header, UDP packets are dropped if they do not contain a full 8 byte UDP header, and ICMP packets are dropped if they do not contain 4 bytes of ICMP header, enough to specify the ICMP type, code, and checksum. These packets are simply logged as .Dq pullup failed since there may not be enough good data in the packet to produce a meaningful log entry. .It Another type of packet is unconditionally dropped, a TCP packet with a fragment offset of one. This is a valid packet, but it only has one use, to try to circumvent firewalls. When logging is enabled, these packets are reported as being dropped by rule -1. .It If you are logged in over a network, loading the .Xr kld 4 version of .Nm is probably not as straightforward as you would think. I recommend the following command line: .Bd -literal -offset indent kldload /modules/ipfw.ko && \e ipfw add 32000 allow ip from any to any .Ed .Pp Along the same lines, doing an .Bd -literal -offset indent ipfw flush .Ed .Pp in similar surroundings is also a bad idea. .It The .Nm filter list may not be modified if the system security level is set to 3 or higher (see .Xr init 8 for information on system security levels). .El .Sh PACKET DIVERSION A .Xr divert 4 socket bound to the specified port will receive all packets diverted to that port. If no socket is bound to the destination port, or if the kernel wasn't compiled with divert socket support, the packets are dropped. .Sh SYSCTL VARIABLES A set of .Xr sysctl 8 variables controls the behaviour of the firewall and associated modules ( .Nm dummynet, bridge ). These are shown below together with their default value (but always check with the .Xr sysctl 8 command what value is actually in use) and meaning: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Em net.inet.ip.dummynet.expire : No 1 Lazily delete dynamic pipes/queue once they have no pending traffic. You can disable this by setting the variable to 0, in which case the pipes/queues will only be deleted when the threshold is reached. .It Em net.inet.ip.dummynet.hash_size : No 64 Default size of the hash table used for dynamic pipes/queues. This value is used when no .Cm buckets option is specified when configuring a pipe/queue. .It Em net.inet.ip.dummynet.max_chain_len : No 16 Target value for the maximum number of pipes/queues in a hash bucket. The product .Cm max_chain_len*hash_size is used to determine the threshold over which empty pipes/queues will be expired even when .Cm net.inet.ip.dummynet.expire=0 . .It net.inet.ip.dummynet.red_lookup_depth : No 256 .It net.inet.ip.dummynet.red_avg_pkt_size : No 512 .It net.inet.ip.dummynet.red_max_pkt_size : No 1500 Parameters used in the computations of the drop probability for the RED algorithm. .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.autoinc_step : No 100 Delta beween rule numbers when auto-generating them. The value must be in the range 1..1000. .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.curr_dyn_buckets : Em net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_buckets The current number of buckets in the hash table for dynamic rules (readonly). .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.debug : No 1 Controls debugging messages produced by .Nm . .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_buckets : No 256 The number of buckets in the hash table for dynamic rules. Must be a power of 2, up to 65536. It only takes effect when all dynamic rules have expired, so you are advised to use a .Cm flush command to make sure that the hash table is resized. .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_count : No 3 Current number of dynamic rules (read-only). .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_keepalive : No 1 Enables generation of keepalive packets for .Cm keep-state rules on TCP sessions. A keepalive is generated to both sides of the connection every 5 seconds for the last 20 seconds of the lifetime of the rule. .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_max : No 8192 Maximum number of dynamic rules. When you hit this limit, no more dynamic rules can be installed until old ones expire. .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_ack_lifetime : No 300 .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_syn_lifetime : No 20 .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_fin_lifetime : No 1 .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_rst_lifetime : No 1 .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_udp_lifetime : No 5 .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.dyn_short_lifetime : No 30 These variables control the lifetime, in seconds, of dynamic rules. Upon the initial SYN exchange the lifetime is kept short, then increased after both SYN have been seen, then decreased again during the final FIN exchange or when a RST is received. Both .Em dyn_fin_lifetime and .Em dyn_rst_lifetime must be strictly lower than 5 seconds, the period of repetition of keepalives. The firewall enforces that. .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.enable : No 1 Enables the firewall. Setting this variable to 0 lets you run your machine without firewall even if compiled in. .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.one_pass : No 1 When set, the packet exiting from the .Xr dummynet 4 pipe is not passed though the firewall again. Otherwise, after a pipe action, the packet is reinjected into the firewall at the next rule. .Pp Note: bridged and layer 2 packets coming out of a pipe are never reinjected in the firewall irrespective of the value of this variable. .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.verbose : No 1 Enables verbose messages. .It Em net.inet.ip.fw.verbose_limit : No 0 Limits the number of messages produced by a verbose firewall. .It Em net.link.ether.ipfw : No 0 Controls whether layer-2 packets are passed to .Nm . Default is no. .It Em net.link.ether.bridge_ipfw : No 0 Controls whether bridged packets are passed to .Nm . Default is no. .El .Sh IPFW2 ENHANCEMENTS This Section lists the features that have been introduced in .Nm ipfw2 and were not present in .Nm ipfw1 . We list them in order of the potential impact that they can have in writing your rulesets. You might want to consider using these features in order to write your rulesets in a more efficient way. .Bl -tag -width indent .It Handling of non-IPv4 packets .Nm ipfw1 will silently accept all non-IPv4 packets (which .Nm ipfw1 will only see when .Em net.link.ether.bridge_ipfw=1 Ns ). .Nm ipfw2 will filter all packets (including non-IPv4 ones) according to the ruleset. To achieve the same behaviour as .Nm ipfw1 you can use the following as the very first rule in your ruleset: .Pp -.Dl "ipfw add 1 allow MAC any any not ip" +.Dl "ipfw add 1 allow layer2 not mac-type ip" .Pp +The +.Cm layer2 +options might seem redundant, but it is necessary -- packets +passed to the firewall from layer3 will not have a MAC header, +so the +.Cm mac-type ip +pattern will always fail on them, and the +.Cm not +operator will make this rule into a pass-all. .It Address sets .Nm ipfw1 does not supports address sets (those in the form .Ar addr/masklen{num,num,...} ). .Pp A minor difference between .Nm ipfw1 and .Nm ipfw2 is that the former allows addresses to be specified as .Ar ipno:mask where the mask can be an arbitrary bitmask instead of a countiguous set of bits. .Nm ipfw2 no longer supports this syntax though it would be trivial to reintroduce it as it is supported on the kernel side. .It Port specifications .Nm ipfw1 only allows one port range when specifying TCP and UDP ports, and is limited to 10 entries instead of the 15 allowed by .Nm ipfw2 . Also, in .Nm ipfw1 you can only specify ports when the rule is requesting .Cm tcp or .Cm udp packets. With .Nm ipfw2 you can put port specifications in rules matching all packets, and the match will be attempted only on those packets carrying protocols which include port identifiers. .Pp Finally, .Nm ipfw1 allowed the first port entry to be specified as .Ar port:mask where .Ar mask can be an arbitrary 16-bit mask. This syntax is of questionable usefulness and it is not supported anymore in .Nm ipfw2 . .It Or-blocks .Nm ipfw1 does not support Or-blocks. .It keepalives .Nm ipfw1 does not generate keepalives for stateful sessions. As a consequence, it might cause idle sessions to drop because the lifetime of the dynamic rules expires. .It Sets of rules .Nm ipfw1 does not implement sets of rules. .It MAC header filtering and Layer-2 firewalling. .Nm ipfw1 does not implement filtering on MAC header fields, nor it is invoked on packets from .Cm ether_demux() and .Cm ether_output_frame(). The sysctl variable .Em net.link.ether.ipfw has no effect there. .It Options The following options are not supported in .Nm ipfw1 +.Pp +.Cm dst-ip, dst-port, layer2, mac, mac-type, src-ip, src-port. +.Pp +Additionally, the following options are not supported in +.Nm ipfw1 (RELENG_4) rules: .Pp -.Cm layer2, ipid, iplen, ipprecedence, iptos, ipttl, -.Cm ipversion, tcpack, tcpseq, tcpwin . +.Cm ipid, iplen, ipprecedence, iptos, ipttl, +.Cm ipversion, .Cm tcpack, tcpseq, tcpwin . .It Dummynet options The following option for .Nm dummynet pipes/queues is not supported: .Cm noerror . .El .Sh EXAMPLES There are far too many possible uses of .Nm so this Section will only give a small set of examples. .Pp .Ss BASIC PACKET FILTERING This command adds an entry which denies all tcp packets from .Em cracker.evil.org to the telnet port of .Em wolf.tambov.su from being forwarded by the host: .Pp .Dl "ipfw add deny tcp from cracker.evil.org to wolf.tambov.su telnet" .Pp This one disallows any connection from the entire crackers network to my host: .Pp .Dl "ipfw add deny ip from 123.45.67.0/24 to my.host.org" .Pp A first and efficient way to limit access (not using dynamic rules) is the use of the following rules: .Pp .Dl "ipfw add allow tcp from any to any established" .Dl "ipfw add allow tcp from net1 portlist1 to net2 portlist2 setup" .Dl "ipfw add allow tcp from net3 portlist3 to net3 portlist3 setup" .Dl "..." .Dl "ipfw add deny tcp from any to any" .Pp The first rule will be a quick match for normal TCP packets, but it will not match the initial SYN packet, which will be matched by the .Cm setup rules only for selected source/destination pairs. All other SYN packets will be rejected by the final .Cm deny rule. .Pp If you administer one or more subnets, you can take advantage of the .Nm ipfw2 syntax to specify address sets and or-blocks and write extremely compact rulesets which selectively enable services to blocks of clients, as below: .Pp .Dl "goodguys=\*q{ 10.1.2.0/24{20,35,66,18} or 10.2.3.0/28{6,3,11} }\*q" .Dl "badguys=\*q10.1.2.0/24{8,38,60}\*q" .Dl "" .Dl "ipfw add allow ip from ${goodguys} to any" .Dl "ipfw add deny ip from ${badguys} to any" .Dl "... normal policies ..." .Pp The .Nm ipfw1 syntax would require a separate rule for each IP in the above example. .Ss DYNAMIC RULES In order to protect a site from flood attacks involving fake TCP packets, it is safer to use dynamic rules: .Pp .Dl "ipfw add check-state" .Dl "ipfw add deny tcp from any to any established" .Dl "ipfw add allow tcp from my-net to any setup keep-state" .Pp This will let the firewall install dynamic rules only for those connection which start with a regular SYN packet coming from the inside of our network. Dynamic rules are checked when encountering the first .Cm check-state or .Cm keep-state rule. A .Cm check-state rule should be usually placed near the beginning of the ruleset to minimize the amount of work scanning the ruleset. Your mileage may vary. .Pp To limit the number of connections a user can open you can use the following type of rules: .Pp .Dl "ipfw add allow tcp from my-net/24 to any setup limit src-addr 10" .Dl "ipfw add allow tcp from any to me setup limit src-addr 4" .Pp The former (assuming it runs on a gateway) will allow each host on a /24 network to open at most 10 TCP connections. The latter can be placed on a server to make sure that a single client does not use more than 4 simultaneous connections. .Pp .Em BEWARE : stateful rules can be subject to denial-of-service attacks by a SYN-flood which opens a huge number of dynamic rules. The effects of such attacks can be partially limited by acting on a set of .Xr sysctl 8 variables which control the operation of the firewall. .Pp Here is a good usage of the .Cm list command to see accounting records and timestamp information: .Pp .Dl ipfw -at list .Pp or in short form without timestamps: .Pp .Dl ipfw -a list .Pp which is equivalent to: .Pp .Dl ipfw show .Pp Next rule diverts all incoming packets from 192.168.2.0/24 to divert port 5000: .Pp .Dl ipfw divert 5000 ip from 192.168.2.0/24 to any in .Pp .Ss TRAFFIC SHAPING The following rules show some of the applications of .Nm and .Xr dummynet 4 for simulations and the like. .Pp This rule drops random incoming packets with a probability of 5%: .Pp .Dl "ipfw add prob 0.05 deny ip from any to any in" .Pp A similar effect can be achieved making use of dummynet pipes: .Pp .Dl "ipfw add pipe 10 ip from any to any" .Dl "ipfw pipe 10 config plr 0.05" .Pp We can use pipes to artificially limit bandwidth, e.g. on a machine acting as a router, if we want to limit traffic from local clients on 192.168.2.0/24 we do: .Pp .Dl "ipfw add pipe 1 ip from 192.168.2.0/24 to any out" .Dl "ipfw pipe 1 config bw 300Kbit/s queue 50KBytes" .Pp note that we use the .Cm out modifier so that the rule is not used twice. Remember in fact that .Nm rules are checked both on incoming and outgoing packets. .Pp Should we like to simulate a bidirectional link with bandwidth limitations, the correct way is the following: .Pp .Dl "ipfw add pipe 1 ip from any to any out" .Dl "ipfw add pipe 2 ip from any to any in" .Dl "ipfw pipe 1 config bw 64Kbit/s queue 10Kbytes" .Dl "ipfw pipe 2 config bw 64Kbit/s queue 10Kbytes" .Pp The above can be very useful, e.g. if you want to see how your fancy Web page will look for a residential user which is connected only through a slow link. You should not use only one pipe for both directions, unless you want to simulate a half-duplex medium (e.g. AppleTalk, Ethernet, IRDA). It is not necessary that both pipes have the same configuration, so we can also simulate asymmetric links. .Pp Should we like to verify network performance with the RED queue management algorithm: .Pp .Dl "ipfw add pipe 1 ip from any to any" .Dl "ipfw pipe 1 config bw 500Kbit/s queue 100 red 0.002/30/80/0.1" .Pp Another typical application of the traffic shaper is to introduce some delay in the communication. This can affect a lot applications which do a lot of Remote Procedure Calls, and where the round-trip-time of the connection often becomes a limiting factor much more than bandwidth: .Pp .Dl "ipfw add pipe 1 ip from any to any out" .Dl "ipfw add pipe 2 ip from any to any in" .Dl "ipfw pipe 1 config delay 250ms bw 1Mbit/s" .Dl "ipfw pipe 2 config delay 250ms bw 1Mbit/s" .Pp Per-flow queueing can be useful for a variety of purposes. A very simple one is counting traffic: .Pp .Dl "ipfw add pipe 1 tcp from any to any" .Dl "ipfw add pipe 1 udp from any to any" .Dl "ipfw add pipe 1 ip from any to any" .Dl "ipfw pipe 1 config mask all" .Pp The above set of rules will create queues (and collect statistics) for all traffic. Because the pipes have no limitations, the only effect is collecting statistics. Note that we need 3 rules, not just the last one, because when .Nm tries to match IP packets it will not consider ports, so we would not see connections on separate ports as different ones. .Pp A more sophisticated example is limiting the outbound traffic on a net with per-host limits, rather than per-network limits: .Pp .Dl "ipfw add pipe 1 ip from 192.168.2.0/24 to any out" .Dl "ipfw add pipe 2 ip from any to 192.168.2.0/24 in" .Dl "ipfw pipe 1 config mask src-ip 0x000000ff bw 200Kbit/s queue 20Kbytes" .Dl "ipfw pipe 2 config mask dst-ip 0x000000ff bw 200Kbit/s queue 20Kbytes" .Ss SETS OF RULES To add a set of rules atomically, e.g. set 18: .Pp .Dl "ipfw disable set 18" .Dl "ipfw add NN set 18 ... # repeat as needed" .Dl "ipfw enable set 18" .Pp To delete a set of rules atomically the command is simply: .Pp .Dl "ipfw delete set 18" .Pp To test a ruleset and disable it and regain control if something goes wrong: .Pp .Dl "ipfw disable set 18" .Dl "ipfw add NN set 18 ... # repeat as needed" .Dl "ipfw enable set 18 ; echo done; sleep 30 && ipfw disable set 18" .Pp Here if everything goes well, you press control-C before the "sleep" terminates, and your ruleset will be left active. Otherwise, e.g. if you cannot access your box, the ruleset will be disabled after the sleep terminates thus restoring the previous situation. .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr cpp 1 , .Xr m4 1 , .Xr bridge 4 , .Xr divert 4 , .Xr dummynet 4 , .Xr ip 4 , .Xr ipfirewall 4 , .Xr protocols 5 , .Xr services 5 , .Xr init 8 , .Xr kldload 8 , .Xr reboot 8 , .Xr sysctl 8 , .Xr syslogd 8 .Rs .%A "S. Floyd" .%A "V. Jacobson" .%T "Random Early Detection gateways for Congestion Avoidance" .%D "August 1993" .Re .Rs .%A "B. Braden" .%A "D. Clark" .%A "J. Crowcroft" .%A "B. Davie" .%A "S. Deering" .%A "D. Estrin" .%A "S. Floyd" .%A "V. Jacobson" .%A "G. Minshall" .%A "C. Partridge" .%A "L. Peterson" .%A "K. Ramakrishnan" .%A "S. Shenker" .%A "J. Wroclawski" .%A "L. Zhang" .%T "Recommendations on Queue Management and Congestion Avoidance in the Internet" .%D "April 1998" .%O "RFC 2309" .Re .Sh BUGS The syntax has grown over the years and sometimes it might be confusing. Unfortunately, backward compatibility prevents cleaning up mistakes done in the definition of the syntax. .Pp .Em !!! WARNING !!! .Pp Misconfiguring the firewall can put your computer in an unusable state, possibly shutting down network services and requiring console access to regain control to it. .Pp Incoming packet fragments diverted by .Cm divert or .Cm tee are reassembled before delivery to the socket. The action used on those packet is the one from the rule which matches the first fragment of the packet. .Pp Packets that match a .Cm tee rule should not be immediately accepted, but should continue going through the rule list. This may be fixed in a later version. .Pp Packets diverted to userland, and then reinserted by a userland process (such as .Xr natd 8 ) will lose various packet attributes, including their source interface. If a packet is reinserted in this manner, later rules may be incorrectly applied, making the order of .Cm divert rules in the rule sequence very important. .Sh AUTHORS .An Ugen J. S. Antsilevich , .An Poul-Henning Kamp , .An Alex Nash , .An Archie Cobbs , .An Luigi Rizzo . .Pp .An -nosplit API based upon code written by .An Daniel Boulet for BSDI. .Pp Work on .Xr dummynet 4 traffic shaper supported by Akamba Corp. .Sh HISTORY The .Nm utility first appeared in .Fx 2.0 . .Xr dummynet 4 was introduced in .Fx 2.2.8 . Stateful extensions were introduced in .Fx 4.0 . .Nm ipfw2 was introduced in Summer 2002. diff --git a/sbin/ipfw/ipfw2.c b/sbin/ipfw/ipfw2.c index 0a74717e7216..3080fdf7afa3 100644 --- a/sbin/ipfw/ipfw2.c +++ b/sbin/ipfw/ipfw2.c @@ -1,3541 +1,3553 @@ /* * Copyright (c) 2002 Luigi Rizzo * Copyright (c) 1996 Alex Nash, Paul Traina, Poul-Henning Kamp * Copyright (c) 1994 Ugen J.S.Antsilevich * * Idea and grammar partially left from: * Copyright (c) 1993 Daniel Boulet * * Redistribution and use in source forms, with and without modification, * are permitted provided that this entire comment appears intact. * * Redistribution in binary form may occur without any restrictions. * Obviously, it would be nice if you gave credit where credit is due * but requiring it would be too onerous. * * This software is provided ``AS IS'' without any warranties of any kind. * * NEW command line interface for IP firewall facility * * $FreeBSD$ */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include /* def. of struct route */ #include #include #include int s, /* main RAW socket */ do_resolv, /* Would try to resolve all */ do_acct, /* Show packet/byte count */ do_time, /* Show time stamps */ do_quiet, /* Be quiet in add and flush */ do_force, /* Don't ask for confirmation */ do_pipe, /* this cmd refers to a pipe */ do_sort, /* field to sort results (0 = no) */ do_dynamic, /* display dynamic rules */ do_expired, /* display expired dynamic rules */ + do_compact, /* show rules in compact mode */ show_sets, /* display rule sets */ verbose; #define IP_MASK_ALL 0xffffffff /* * structure to hold flag names and associated values to be * set in the appropriate masks. * A NULL string terminates the array. * Often, an element with 0 value contains an error string. * */ struct _s_x { char *s; int x; }; static struct _s_x f_tcpflags[] = { { "syn", TH_SYN }, { "fin", TH_FIN }, { "ack", TH_ACK }, { "psh", TH_PUSH }, { "rst", TH_RST }, { "urg", TH_URG }, { "tcp flag", 0 }, { NULL, 0 } }; static struct _s_x f_tcpopts[] = { { "mss", IP_FW_TCPOPT_MSS }, { "maxseg", IP_FW_TCPOPT_MSS }, { "window", IP_FW_TCPOPT_WINDOW }, { "sack", IP_FW_TCPOPT_SACK }, { "ts", IP_FW_TCPOPT_TS }, { "timestamp", IP_FW_TCPOPT_TS }, { "cc", IP_FW_TCPOPT_CC }, { "tcp option", 0 }, { NULL, 0 } }; /* * IP options span the range 0 to 255 so we need to remap them * (though in fact only the low 5 bits are significant). */ static struct _s_x f_ipopts[] = { { "ssrr", IP_FW_IPOPT_SSRR}, { "lsrr", IP_FW_IPOPT_LSRR}, { "rr", IP_FW_IPOPT_RR}, { "ts", IP_FW_IPOPT_TS}, { "ip option", 0 }, { NULL, 0 } }; static struct _s_x f_iptos[] = { { "lowdelay", IPTOS_LOWDELAY}, { "throughput", IPTOS_THROUGHPUT}, { "reliability", IPTOS_RELIABILITY}, { "mincost", IPTOS_MINCOST}, { "congestion", IPTOS_CE}, { "ecntransport", IPTOS_ECT}, { "ip tos option", 0}, { NULL, 0 } }; static struct _s_x limit_masks[] = { {"all", DYN_SRC_ADDR|DYN_SRC_PORT|DYN_DST_ADDR|DYN_DST_PORT}, {"src-addr", DYN_SRC_ADDR}, {"src-port", DYN_SRC_PORT}, {"dst-addr", DYN_DST_ADDR}, {"dst-port", DYN_DST_PORT}, {NULL, 0} }; /* * we use IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE as a fake protocol id to call the print routines * This is only used in this code. */ #define IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE 0x1000 static struct _s_x ether_types[] = { /* * Note, we cannot use "-:&/" in the names because they are field * separators in the type specifications. Also, we use s = NULL as * end-delimiter, because a type of 0 can be legal. */ { "ip", 0x0800 }, { "ipv4", 0x0800 }, { "ipv6", 0x86dd }, { "arp", 0x0806 }, { "rarp", 0x8035 }, { "vlan", 0x8100 }, { "loop", 0x9000 }, { "trail", 0x1000 }, { "at", 0x809b }, { "atalk", 0x809b }, { "aarp", 0x80f3 }, { "pppoe_disc", 0x8863 }, { "pppoe_sess", 0x8864 }, { "ipx_8022", 0x00E0 }, { "ipx_8023", 0x0000 }, { "ipx_ii", 0x8137 }, { "ipx_snap", 0x8137 }, { "ipx", 0x8137 }, { "ns", 0x0600 }, { NULL, 0 } }; static void show_usage(void); enum tokens { TOK_NULL=0, TOK_OR, TOK_NOT, TOK_STARTBRACE, TOK_ENDBRACE, TOK_ACCEPT, TOK_COUNT, TOK_PIPE, TOK_QUEUE, TOK_DIVERT, TOK_TEE, TOK_FORWARD, TOK_SKIPTO, TOK_DENY, TOK_REJECT, TOK_RESET, TOK_UNREACH, TOK_CHECKSTATE, TOK_UID, TOK_GID, TOK_IN, TOK_LIMIT, TOK_KEEPSTATE, TOK_LAYER2, TOK_OUT, TOK_XMIT, TOK_RECV, TOK_VIA, TOK_FRAG, TOK_IPOPTS, TOK_IPLEN, TOK_IPID, TOK_IPPRECEDENCE, TOK_IPTOS, TOK_IPTTL, TOK_IPVER, TOK_ESTAB, TOK_SETUP, TOK_TCPFLAGS, TOK_TCPOPTS, TOK_TCPSEQ, TOK_TCPACK, TOK_TCPWIN, TOK_ICMPTYPES, TOK_MAC, TOK_MACTYPE, TOK_PLR, TOK_NOERROR, TOK_BUCKETS, TOK_DSTIP, TOK_SRCIP, TOK_DSTPORT, TOK_SRCPORT, TOK_ALL, TOK_MASK, TOK_BW, TOK_DELAY, TOK_RED, TOK_GRED, TOK_DROPTAIL, TOK_PROTO, TOK_WEIGHT, }; struct _s_x dummynet_params[] = { { "plr", TOK_PLR }, { "noerror", TOK_NOERROR }, { "buckets", TOK_BUCKETS }, { "dst-ip", TOK_DSTIP }, { "src-ip", TOK_SRCIP }, { "dst-port", TOK_DSTPORT }, { "src-port", TOK_SRCPORT }, { "proto", TOK_PROTO }, { "weight", TOK_WEIGHT }, { "all", TOK_ALL }, { "mask", TOK_MASK }, { "droptail", TOK_DROPTAIL }, { "red", TOK_RED }, { "gred", TOK_GRED }, { "bw", TOK_BW }, { "bandwidth", TOK_BW }, { "delay", TOK_DELAY }, { "pipe", TOK_PIPE }, { "queue", TOK_QUEUE }, { "dummynet-params", TOK_NULL }, { NULL, 0 } }; struct _s_x rule_actions[] = { { "accept", TOK_ACCEPT }, { "pass", TOK_ACCEPT }, { "allow", TOK_ACCEPT }, { "permit", TOK_ACCEPT }, { "count", TOK_COUNT }, { "pipe", TOK_PIPE }, { "queue", TOK_QUEUE }, { "divert", TOK_DIVERT }, { "tee", TOK_TEE }, { "fwd", TOK_FORWARD }, { "forward", TOK_FORWARD }, { "skipto", TOK_SKIPTO }, { "deny", TOK_DENY }, { "drop", TOK_DENY }, { "reject", TOK_REJECT }, { "reset", TOK_RESET }, { "unreach", TOK_UNREACH }, { "check-state", TOK_CHECKSTATE }, { NULL, TOK_NULL }, { NULL, 0 } }; struct _s_x rule_options[] = { { "uid", TOK_UID }, { "gid", TOK_GID }, { "in", TOK_IN }, { "limit", TOK_LIMIT }, { "keep-state", TOK_KEEPSTATE }, { "bridged", TOK_LAYER2 }, { "layer2", TOK_LAYER2 }, { "out", TOK_OUT }, { "xmit", TOK_XMIT }, { "recv", TOK_RECV }, { "via", TOK_VIA }, { "fragment", TOK_FRAG }, { "frag", TOK_FRAG }, { "ipoptions", TOK_IPOPTS }, { "ipopts", TOK_IPOPTS }, { "iplen", TOK_IPLEN }, { "ipid", TOK_IPID }, { "ipprecedence", TOK_IPPRECEDENCE }, { "iptos", TOK_IPTOS }, { "ipttl", TOK_IPTTL }, { "ipversion", TOK_IPVER }, { "ipver", TOK_IPVER }, { "estab", TOK_ESTAB }, { "established", TOK_ESTAB }, { "setup", TOK_SETUP }, { "tcpflags", TOK_TCPFLAGS }, { "tcpflgs", TOK_TCPFLAGS }, { "tcpoptions", TOK_TCPOPTS }, { "tcpopts", TOK_TCPOPTS }, { "tcpseq", TOK_TCPSEQ }, { "tcpack", TOK_TCPACK }, { "tcpwin", TOK_TCPWIN }, { "icmptype", TOK_ICMPTYPES }, { "icmptypes", TOK_ICMPTYPES }, { "dst-ip", TOK_DSTIP }, { "src-ip", TOK_SRCIP }, { "dst-port", TOK_DSTPORT }, { "src-port", TOK_SRCPORT }, { "proto", TOK_PROTO }, { "MAC", TOK_MAC }, { "mac", TOK_MAC }, { "mac-type", TOK_MACTYPE }, { "not", TOK_NOT }, /* pseudo option */ { "!", /* escape ? */ TOK_NOT }, /* pseudo option */ { "or", TOK_OR }, /* pseudo option */ { "|", /* escape */ TOK_OR }, /* pseudo option */ { "{", TOK_STARTBRACE }, /* pseudo option */ { "(", TOK_STARTBRACE }, /* pseudo option */ { "}", TOK_ENDBRACE }, /* pseudo option */ { ")", TOK_ENDBRACE }, /* pseudo option */ { NULL, TOK_NULL }, { NULL, 0 } }; /** * match_token takes a table and a string, returns the value associated * with the string (0 meaning an error in most cases) */ static int match_token(struct _s_x *table, char *string) { struct _s_x *pt; int i = strlen(string); for (pt = table ; i && pt->s != NULL ; pt++) if (strlen(pt->s) == i && !bcmp(string, pt->s, i)) return pt->x; return -1; }; static char * match_value(struct _s_x *p, u_int32_t value) { for (; p->s != NULL; p++) if (p->x == value) return p->s; return NULL; } /* * prints one port, symbolic or numeric */ static void print_port(int proto, u_int16_t port) { if (proto == IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE) { char *s; if (do_resolv && (s = match_value(ether_types, port)) ) printf("%s", s); else printf("0x%04x", port); } else { struct servent *se = NULL; if (do_resolv) { struct protoent *pe = getprotobynumber(proto); se = getservbyport(htons(port), pe ? pe->p_name : NULL); } if (se) printf("%s", se->s_name); else printf("%d", port); } } /* * print the values in a list of ports * XXX todo: add support for mask. */ static void print_newports(ipfw_insn_u16 *cmd, int proto, int opcode) { u_int16_t *p = cmd->ports; int i; char *sep= " "; if (cmd->o.len & F_NOT) printf(" not"); if (opcode != 0) printf ("%s", opcode == O_MAC_TYPE ? " mac-type" : (opcode == O_IP_DSTPORT ? " dst-port" : " src-port")); for (i = F_LEN((ipfw_insn *)cmd) - 1; i > 0; i--, p += 2) { printf(sep); print_port(proto, p[0]); if (p[0] != p[1]) { printf("-"); print_port(proto, p[1]); } sep = ","; } } /* * Like strtol, but also translates service names into port numbers * for some protocols. * In particular: * proto == -1 disables the protocol check; * proto == IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE looks up an internal table * proto == matches the values there. * Returns *end == s in case the parameter is not found. */ static int strtoport(char *s, char **end, int base, int proto) { char *p, *buf; char *s1; int i; *end = s; /* default - not found */ if ( *s == '\0') return 0; /* not found */ if (isdigit(*s)) return strtol(s, end, base); /* * find separator. '\\' escapes the next char. */ for (s1 = s; *s1 && (isalnum(*s1) || *s1 == '\\') ; s1++) if (*s1 == '\\' && s1[1] != '\0') s1++; buf = malloc(s1 - s + 1); if (buf == NULL) return 0; /* * copy into a buffer skipping backslashes */ for (p = s, i = 0; p != s1 ; p++) if ( *p != '\\') buf[i++] = *p; buf[i++] = '\0'; if (proto == IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE) { i = match_token(ether_types, buf); free(buf); if (i != -1) { /* found */ *end = s1; return i; } } else { struct protoent *pe = NULL; struct servent *se; if (proto != 0) pe = getprotobynumber(proto); setservent(1); se = getservbyname(buf, pe ? pe->p_name : NULL); free(buf); if (se != NULL) { *end = s1; return ntohs(se->s_port); } } return 0; /* not found */ } /* * fill the body of the command with the list of port ranges. * At the moment it only understands numeric ranges. */ static int fill_newports(ipfw_insn_u16 *cmd, char *av, int proto) { u_int16_t *p = cmd->ports; int i = 0; char *s = av; while (*s) { u_int16_t a, b; a = strtoport(av, &s, 0, proto); if (s == av) /* no parameter */ break; if (*s == '-') { /* a range */ av = s+1; b = strtoport(av, &s, 0, proto); if (s == av) /* no parameter */ break; p[0] = a; p[1] = b; } else if (*s == ',' || *s == '\0' ) { p[0] = p[1] = a; } else { /* invalid separator */ errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid separator <%c> in <%s>\n", *s, av); } i++; p += 2; av = s+1; } if (i > 0) { if (i+1 > F_LEN_MASK) errx(EX_DATAERR, "too many ports/ranges\n"); cmd->o.len |= i+1; /* leave F_NOT and F_OR untouched */ } return i; } static struct _s_x icmpcodes[] = { { "net", ICMP_UNREACH_NET }, { "host", ICMP_UNREACH_HOST }, { "protocol", ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL }, { "port", ICMP_UNREACH_PORT }, { "needfrag", ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG }, { "srcfail", ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL }, { "net-unknown", ICMP_UNREACH_NET_UNKNOWN }, { "host-unknown", ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_UNKNOWN }, { "isolated", ICMP_UNREACH_ISOLATED }, { "net-prohib", ICMP_UNREACH_NET_PROHIB }, { "host-prohib", ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PROHIB }, { "tosnet", ICMP_UNREACH_TOSNET }, { "toshost", ICMP_UNREACH_TOSHOST }, { "filter-prohib", ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB }, { "host-precedence", ICMP_UNREACH_HOST_PRECEDENCE }, { "precedence-cutoff", ICMP_UNREACH_PRECEDENCE_CUTOFF }, { NULL, 0 } }; static void fill_reject_code(u_short *codep, char *str) { int val; char *s; val = strtoul(str, &s, 0); if (s == str || *s != '\0' || val >= 0x100) val = match_token(icmpcodes, str); if (val < 0) errx(EX_DATAERR, "unknown ICMP unreachable code ``%s''", str); *codep = val; return; } static void print_reject_code(u_int16_t code) { char *s = match_value(icmpcodes, code); if (s != NULL) printf("unreach %s", s); else printf("unreach %u", code); } /* * Returns the number of bits set (from left) in a contiguous bitmask, * or -1 if the mask is not contiguous. * XXX this needs a proper fix. * This effectively works on masks in big-endian (network) format. * when compiled on little endian architectures. * * First bit is bit 7 of the first byte -- note, for MAC addresses, * the first bit on the wire is bit 0 of the first byte. * len is the max length in bits. */ static int contigmask(u_char *p, int len) { int i, n; for (i=0; iarg1 & 0xff; u_char clear = (cmd->arg1 >> 8) & 0xff; if (list == f_tcpflags && set == TH_SYN && clear == TH_ACK) { printf(" setup"); return; } printf(" %s ", name); for (i=0; list[i].x != 0; i++) { if (set & list[i].x) { set &= ~list[i].x; printf("%s%s", comma, list[i].s); comma = ","; } if (clear & list[i].x) { clear &= ~list[i].x; printf("%s!%s", comma, list[i].s); comma = ","; } } } /* * Print the ip address contained in a command. */ static void print_ip(ipfw_insn_ip *cmd, char *s) { struct hostent *he = NULL; int mb; printf("%s%s ", cmd->o.len & F_NOT ? " not": "", s); if (cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_SRC_ME || cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_DST_ME) { printf("me"); return; } if (cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_SRC_SET || cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_DST_SET) { u_int32_t x, *d; int i; char comma = '{'; x = cmd->o.arg1 - 1; x = htonl( ~x ); cmd->addr.s_addr = htonl(cmd->addr.s_addr); printf("%s/%d", inet_ntoa(cmd->addr), contigmask((u_char *)&x, 32)); x = cmd->addr.s_addr = htonl(cmd->addr.s_addr); x &= 0xff; /* base */ d = (u_int32_t *)&(cmd->mask); for (i=0; i < cmd->o.arg1; i++) if (d[ i/32] & (1<<(i & 31))) { printf("%c%d", comma, i+x); comma = ','; } printf("}"); return; } if (cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_SRC || cmd->o.opcode == O_IP_DST) mb = 32; else mb = contigmask((u_char *)&(cmd->mask.s_addr), 32); if (mb == 32 && do_resolv) he = gethostbyaddr((char *)&(cmd->addr.s_addr), sizeof(u_long), AF_INET); if (he != NULL) /* resolved to name */ printf("%s", he->h_name); else if (mb == 0) /* any */ printf("any"); else { /* numeric IP followed by some kind of mask */ printf("%s", inet_ntoa(cmd->addr)); if (mb < 0) printf(":%s", inet_ntoa(cmd->mask)); else if (mb < 32) printf("/%d", mb); } } /* * prints a MAC address/mask pair */ static void print_mac(u_char *addr, u_char *mask) { int l = contigmask(mask, 48); if (l == 0) printf(" any"); else { printf(" %02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x", addr[0], addr[1], addr[2], addr[3], addr[4], addr[5]); if (l == -1) printf("&%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x", mask[0], mask[1], mask[2], mask[3], mask[4], mask[5]); else if (l < 48) printf("/%d", l); } } static void fill_icmptypes(ipfw_insn_u32 *cmd, char *av) { u_int8_t type; cmd->d[0] = 0; while (*av) { if (*av == ',') av++; type = strtoul(av, &av, 0); if (*av != ',' && *av != '\0') errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid ICMP type"); if (type > 31) errx(EX_DATAERR, "ICMP type out of range"); cmd->d[0] |= 1 << type; } cmd->o.opcode = O_ICMPTYPE; cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32); } static void print_icmptypes(ipfw_insn_u32 *cmd) { int i; char sep= ' '; printf(" icmptypes"); for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) { if ( (cmd->d[0] & (1 << (i))) == 0) continue; printf("%c%d", sep, i); sep = ','; } } /* * show_ipfw() prints the body of an ipfw rule. * Because the standard rule has at least proto src_ip dst_ip, we use * a helper function to produce these entries if not provided explicitly. * The first argument is the list of fields we have, the second is * the list of fields we want to be printed. * * Special cases if we have provided a MAC header: * + if the rule does not contain IP addresses/ports, do not print them; * + if the rule does not contain an IP proto, print "all" instead of "ip"; * * Once we have 'have_options', IP header fields are printed as options. */ #define HAVE_PROTO 0x0001 #define HAVE_SRCIP 0x0002 #define HAVE_DSTIP 0x0004 #define HAVE_MAC 0x0008 #define HAVE_MACTYPE 0x0010 #define HAVE_OPTIONS 0x8000 #define HAVE_IP (HAVE_PROTO | HAVE_SRCIP | HAVE_DSTIP) static void show_prerequisites(int *flags, int want, int cmd) { if ( (*flags & HAVE_IP) == HAVE_IP) *flags |= HAVE_OPTIONS; if ( (*flags & (HAVE_MAC|HAVE_MACTYPE|HAVE_OPTIONS)) == HAVE_MAC && cmd != O_MAC_TYPE) { /* * mac-type was optimized out by the compiler, * restore it */ printf(" any"); *flags |= HAVE_MACTYPE | HAVE_OPTIONS; return; } if ( !(*flags & HAVE_OPTIONS)) { if ( !(*flags & HAVE_PROTO) && (want & HAVE_PROTO)) printf(" ip"); if ( !(*flags & HAVE_SRCIP) && (want & HAVE_SRCIP)) printf(" from any"); if ( !(*flags & HAVE_DSTIP) && (want & HAVE_DSTIP)) printf(" to any"); } *flags |= want; } static void show_ipfw(struct ip_fw *rule) { int l; ipfw_insn *cmd; int proto = 0; /* default */ int flags = 0; /* prerequisites */ ipfw_insn_log *logptr = NULL; /* set if we find an O_LOG */ int or_block = 0; /* we are in an or block */ u_int32_t set_disable = (u_int32_t)(rule->next_rule); if (set_disable & (1 << rule->set)) { /* disabled */ if (!show_sets) return; else printf("# DISABLED "); } printf("%05u ", rule->rulenum); if (do_acct) printf("%10qu %10qu ", rule->pcnt, rule->bcnt); if (do_time) { if (rule->timestamp) { char timestr[30]; time_t t = _long_to_time(rule->timestamp); strcpy(timestr, ctime(&t)); *strchr(timestr, '\n') = '\0'; printf("%s ", timestr); } else { printf(" "); } } if (show_sets) printf("set %d ", rule->set); /* * first print actions */ for (l = rule->cmd_len - rule->act_ofs, cmd = ACTION_PTR(rule); l > 0 ; l -= F_LEN(cmd), cmd += F_LEN(cmd)) { switch(cmd->opcode) { case O_CHECK_STATE: printf("check-state"); flags = HAVE_IP; /* avoid printing anything else */ break; case O_PROB: { ipfw_insn_u32 *p = (ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd; double d = 1.0 * p->d[0]; d = 1 - (d / 0x7fffffff); printf("prob %f ", d); } break; case O_ACCEPT: printf("allow"); break; case O_COUNT: printf("count"); break; case O_DENY: printf("deny"); break; case O_REJECT: if (cmd->arg1 == ICMP_REJECT_RST) printf("reset"); else if (cmd->arg1 == ICMP_UNREACH_HOST) printf("reject"); else print_reject_code(cmd->arg1); break; case O_SKIPTO: printf("skipto %u", cmd->arg1); break; case O_PIPE: printf("pipe %u", cmd->arg1); break; case O_QUEUE: printf("queue %u", cmd->arg1); break; case O_DIVERT: printf("divert %u", cmd->arg1); break; case O_TEE: printf("tee %u", cmd->arg1); break; case O_FORWARD_IP: { ipfw_insn_sa *s = (ipfw_insn_sa *)cmd; printf("fwd %s", inet_ntoa(s->sa.sin_addr)); if (s->sa.sin_port) printf(",%d", ntohs(s->sa.sin_port)); } break; case O_LOG: /* O_LOG is printed last */ logptr = (ipfw_insn_log *)cmd; break; default: printf("** unrecognized action %d len %d", cmd->opcode, cmd->len); } } if (logptr) { if (logptr->max_log > 0) printf(" log logamount %d", logptr->max_log); else printf(" log"); } /* * then print the body. */ if (rule->_pad & 1) { /* empty rules before options */ - printf (" all from any to any"); + if (!do_compact) + printf(" ip from any to any"); flags |= HAVE_IP | HAVE_OPTIONS; } for (l = rule->act_ofs, cmd = rule->cmd ; l > 0 ; l -= F_LEN(cmd) , cmd += F_LEN(cmd)) { /* useful alias */ ipfw_insn_u32 *cmd32 = (ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd; show_prerequisites(&flags, 0, cmd->opcode); switch(cmd->opcode) { case O_PROBE_STATE: break; /* no need to print anything here */ case O_MACADDR2: { ipfw_insn_mac *m = (ipfw_insn_mac *)cmd; if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block) printf(" {"); if (cmd->len & F_NOT) printf(" not"); printf(" MAC"); flags |= HAVE_MAC; print_mac( m->addr, m->mask); print_mac( m->addr + 6, m->mask + 6); } break; case O_MAC_TYPE: if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block) printf(" {"); print_newports((ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE, (flags & HAVE_OPTIONS) ? cmd->opcode : 0); flags |= HAVE_MAC | HAVE_MACTYPE | HAVE_OPTIONS; break; case O_IP_SRC: case O_IP_SRC_MASK: case O_IP_SRC_ME: case O_IP_SRC_SET: show_prerequisites(&flags, HAVE_PROTO, 0); if (!(flags & HAVE_SRCIP)) printf(" from"); if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block) printf(" {"); print_ip((ipfw_insn_ip *)cmd, (flags & HAVE_OPTIONS) ? " src-ip" : ""); flags |= HAVE_SRCIP; break; case O_IP_DST: case O_IP_DST_MASK: case O_IP_DST_ME: case O_IP_DST_SET: show_prerequisites(&flags, HAVE_PROTO|HAVE_SRCIP, 0); if (!(flags & HAVE_DSTIP)) printf(" to"); if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block) printf(" {"); print_ip((ipfw_insn_ip *)cmd, (flags & HAVE_OPTIONS) ? " dst-ip" : ""); flags |= HAVE_DSTIP; break; case O_IP_DSTPORT: show_prerequisites(&flags, HAVE_IP, 0); case O_IP_SRCPORT: show_prerequisites(&flags, HAVE_PROTO|HAVE_SRCIP, 0); if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block) printf(" {"); print_newports((ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, proto, (flags & HAVE_OPTIONS) ? cmd->opcode : 0); break; case O_PROTO: { struct protoent *pe; if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block) printf(" {"); if (cmd->len & F_NOT) printf(" not"); proto = cmd->arg1; pe = getprotobynumber(cmd->arg1); if (flags & HAVE_OPTIONS) printf(" proto"); if (pe) printf(" %s", pe->p_name); else printf(" %u", cmd->arg1); } flags |= HAVE_PROTO; break; default: /*options ... */ show_prerequisites(&flags, HAVE_IP | HAVE_OPTIONS, 0); if ((cmd->len & F_OR) && !or_block) printf(" {"); if (cmd->len & F_NOT && cmd->opcode != O_IN) printf(" not"); switch(cmd->opcode) { case O_FRAG: printf(" frag"); break; case O_IN: printf(cmd->len & F_NOT ? " out" : " in"); break; case O_LAYER2: printf(" layer2"); break; case O_XMIT: case O_RECV: case O_VIA: { char *s; ipfw_insn_if *cmdif = (ipfw_insn_if *)cmd; if (cmd->opcode == O_XMIT) s = "xmit"; else if (cmd->opcode == O_RECV) s = "recv"; else if (cmd->opcode == O_VIA) s = "via"; if (cmdif->name[0] == '\0') printf(" %s %s", s, inet_ntoa(cmdif->p.ip)); else if (cmdif->p.unit == -1) printf(" %s %s*", s, cmdif->name); else printf(" %s %s%d", s, cmdif->name, cmdif->p.unit); } break; case O_IPID: printf(" ipid %u", cmd->arg1 ); break; case O_IPTTL: printf(" ipttl %u", cmd->arg1 ); break; case O_IPVER: printf(" ipver %u", cmd->arg1 ); break; case O_IPPRECEDENCE: printf(" ipprecedence %u", (cmd->arg1) >> 5 ); break; case O_IPLEN: printf(" iplen %u", cmd->arg1 ); break; case O_IPOPT: print_flags("ipoptions", cmd, f_ipopts); break; case O_IPTOS: print_flags("iptos", cmd, f_iptos); break; case O_ICMPTYPE: print_icmptypes((ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd); break; case O_ESTAB: printf(" established"); break; case O_TCPFLAGS: print_flags("tcpflags", cmd, f_tcpflags); break; case O_TCPOPTS: print_flags("tcpoptions", cmd, f_tcpopts); break; case O_TCPWIN: printf(" tcpwin %d", ntohs(cmd->arg1)); break; case O_TCPACK: printf(" tcpack %d", ntohl(cmd32->d[0])); break; case O_TCPSEQ: printf(" tcpseq %d", ntohl(cmd32->d[0])); break; case O_UID: { struct passwd *pwd = getpwuid(cmd32->d[0]); if (pwd) printf(" uid %s", pwd->pw_name); else printf(" uid %u", cmd32->d[0]); } break; case O_GID: { struct group *grp = getgrgid(cmd32->d[0]); if (grp) printf(" gid %s", grp->gr_name); else printf(" gid %u", cmd32->d[0]); } break; case O_KEEP_STATE: printf(" keep-state"); break; case O_LIMIT: { struct _s_x *p = limit_masks; ipfw_insn_limit *c = (ipfw_insn_limit *)cmd; u_int8_t x = c->limit_mask; char *comma = " "; printf(" limit"); for ( ; p->x != 0 ; p++) if ((x & p->x) == p->x) { x &= ~p->x; printf("%s%s", comma, p->s); comma = ","; } printf(" %d", c->conn_limit); } break; default: printf(" [opcode %d len %d]", cmd->opcode, cmd->len); } } if (cmd->len & F_OR) { printf(" or"); or_block = 1; } else if (or_block) { printf(" }"); or_block = 0; } } show_prerequisites(&flags, HAVE_IP, 0); printf("\n"); } static void show_dyn_ipfw(ipfw_dyn_rule *d) { struct protoent *pe; struct in_addr a; if (!do_expired) { if (!d->expire && !(d->dyn_type == O_LIMIT_PARENT)) return; } printf("%05d %10qu %10qu (%ds)", (int)(d->rule), d->pcnt, d->bcnt, d->expire); switch (d->dyn_type) { case O_LIMIT_PARENT: printf(" PARENT %d", d->count); break; case O_LIMIT: printf(" LIMIT"); break; case O_KEEP_STATE: /* bidir, no mask */ printf(" STATE"); break; } if ((pe = getprotobynumber(d->id.proto)) != NULL) printf(" %s", pe->p_name); else printf(" proto %u", d->id.proto); a.s_addr = htonl(d->id.src_ip); printf(" %s %d", inet_ntoa(a), d->id.src_port); a.s_addr = htonl(d->id.dst_ip); printf(" <-> %s %d", inet_ntoa(a), d->id.dst_port); printf("\n"); } int sort_q(const void *pa, const void *pb) { int rev = (do_sort < 0); int field = rev ? -do_sort : do_sort; long long res = 0; const struct dn_flow_queue *a = pa; const struct dn_flow_queue *b = pb; switch (field) { case 1: /* pkts */ res = a->len - b->len; break; case 2: /* bytes */ res = a->len_bytes - b->len_bytes; break; case 3: /* tot pkts */ res = a->tot_pkts - b->tot_pkts; break; case 4: /* tot bytes */ res = a->tot_bytes - b->tot_bytes; break; } if (res < 0) res = -1; if (res > 0) res = 1; return (int)(rev ? res : -res); } static void list_queues(struct dn_flow_set *fs, struct dn_flow_queue *q) { int l; printf(" mask: 0x%02x 0x%08x/0x%04x -> 0x%08x/0x%04x\n", fs->flow_mask.proto, fs->flow_mask.src_ip, fs->flow_mask.src_port, fs->flow_mask.dst_ip, fs->flow_mask.dst_port); if (fs->rq_elements == 0) return; printf("BKT Prot ___Source IP/port____ " "____Dest. IP/port____ Tot_pkt/bytes Pkt/Byte Drp\n"); if (do_sort != 0) heapsort(q, fs->rq_elements, sizeof *q, sort_q); for (l = 0; l < fs->rq_elements; l++) { struct in_addr ina; struct protoent *pe; ina.s_addr = htonl(q[l].id.src_ip); printf("%3d ", q[l].hash_slot); pe = getprotobynumber(q[l].id.proto); if (pe) printf("%-4s ", pe->p_name); else printf("%4u ", q[l].id.proto); printf("%15s/%-5d ", inet_ntoa(ina), q[l].id.src_port); ina.s_addr = htonl(q[l].id.dst_ip); printf("%15s/%-5d ", inet_ntoa(ina), q[l].id.dst_port); printf("%4qu %8qu %2u %4u %3u\n", q[l].tot_pkts, q[l].tot_bytes, q[l].len, q[l].len_bytes, q[l].drops); if (verbose) printf(" S %20qd F %20qd\n", q[l].S, q[l].F); } } static void print_flowset_parms(struct dn_flow_set *fs, char *prefix) { int l; char qs[30]; char plr[30]; char red[90]; /* Display RED parameters */ l = fs->qsize; if (fs->flags_fs & DN_QSIZE_IS_BYTES) { if (l >= 8192) sprintf(qs, "%d KB", l / 1024); else sprintf(qs, "%d B", l); } else sprintf(qs, "%3d sl.", l); if (fs->plr) sprintf(plr, "plr %f", 1.0 * fs->plr / (double)(0x7fffffff)); else plr[0] = '\0'; if (fs->flags_fs & DN_IS_RED) /* RED parameters */ sprintf(red, "\n\t %cRED w_q %f min_th %d max_th %d max_p %f", (fs->flags_fs & DN_IS_GENTLE_RED) ? 'G' : ' ', 1.0 * fs->w_q / (double)(1 << SCALE_RED), SCALE_VAL(fs->min_th), SCALE_VAL(fs->max_th), 1.0 * fs->max_p / (double)(1 << SCALE_RED)); else sprintf(red, "droptail"); printf("%s %s%s %d queues (%d buckets) %s\n", prefix, qs, plr, fs->rq_elements, fs->rq_size, red); } static void list_pipes(void *data, int nbytes, int ac, char *av[]) { u_long rulenum; void *next = data; struct dn_pipe *p = (struct dn_pipe *) data; struct dn_flow_set *fs; struct dn_flow_queue *q; int l; if (ac > 0) rulenum = strtoul(*av++, NULL, 10); else rulenum = 0; for (; nbytes >= sizeof *p; p = (struct dn_pipe *)next) { double b = p->bandwidth; char buf[30]; char prefix[80]; if (p->next != (struct dn_pipe *)DN_IS_PIPE) break; /* done with pipes, now queues */ /* * compute length, as pipe have variable size */ l = sizeof(*p) + p->fs.rq_elements * sizeof(*q); next = (void *)p + l; nbytes -= l; if (rulenum != 0 && rulenum != p->pipe_nr) continue; /* * Print rate (or clocking interface) */ if (p->if_name[0] != '\0') sprintf(buf, "%s", p->if_name); else if (b == 0) sprintf(buf, "unlimited"); else if (b >= 1000000) sprintf(buf, "%7.3f Mbit/s", b/1000000); else if (b >= 1000) sprintf(buf, "%7.3f Kbit/s", b/1000); else sprintf(buf, "%7.3f bit/s ", b); sprintf(prefix, "%05d: %s %4d ms ", p->pipe_nr, buf, p->delay); print_flowset_parms(&(p->fs), prefix); if (verbose) printf(" V %20qd\n", p->V >> MY_M); q = (struct dn_flow_queue *)(p+1); list_queues(&(p->fs), q); } for (fs = next; nbytes >= sizeof *fs; fs = next) { char prefix[80]; if (fs->next != (struct dn_flow_set *)DN_IS_QUEUE) break; l = sizeof(*fs) + fs->rq_elements * sizeof(*q); next = (void *)fs + l; nbytes -= l; q = (struct dn_flow_queue *)(fs+1); sprintf(prefix, "q%05d: weight %d pipe %d ", fs->fs_nr, fs->weight, fs->parent_nr); print_flowset_parms(fs, prefix); list_queues(fs, q); } } /* * This one handles all set-related commands * ipfw set { show | enable | disable } * ipfw set swap X Y * ipfw set move X to Y * ipfw set move rule X to Y */ static void sets_handler(int ac, char *av[]) { u_int32_t set_disable, masks[2]; int i, nbytes; u_int16_t rulenum; u_int8_t cmd, new_set; ac--; av++; if (!ac) errx(EX_USAGE, "set needs command"); if (!strncmp(*av, "show", strlen(*av)) ) { void *data; char *msg; nbytes = sizeof(struct ip_fw); if ((data = malloc(nbytes)) == NULL) err(EX_OSERR, "malloc"); if (getsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_FW_GET, data, &nbytes) < 0) err(EX_OSERR, "getsockopt(IP_FW_GET)"); set_disable = (u_int32_t)(((struct ip_fw *)data)->next_rule); for (i = 0, msg = "disable" ; i < 31; i++) if ( (set_disable & (1< 30) errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid set number %s\n", av[0]); if (!isdigit(*(av[1])) || new_set > 30) errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid set number %s\n", av[1]); masks[0] = (4 << 24) | (new_set << 16) | (rulenum); i = setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_FW_DEL, masks, sizeof(u_int32_t)); } else if (!strncmp(*av, "move", strlen(*av))) { ac--; av++; if (ac && !strncmp(*av, "rule", strlen(*av))) { cmd = 2; ac--; av++; } else cmd = 3; if (ac != 3 || strncmp(av[1], "to", strlen(*av))) errx(EX_USAGE, "syntax: set move [rule] X to Y\n"); rulenum = atoi(av[0]); new_set = atoi(av[2]); if (!isdigit(*(av[0])) || (cmd == 3 && rulenum > 30) || (cmd == 2 && rulenum == 65535) ) errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid source number %s\n", av[0]); if (!isdigit(*(av[2])) || new_set > 30) errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid dest. set %s\n", av[1]); masks[0] = (cmd << 24) | (new_set << 16) | (rulenum); i = setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_FW_DEL, masks, sizeof(u_int32_t)); } else if (!strncmp(*av, "disable", strlen(*av)) || !strncmp(*av, "enable", strlen(*av)) ) { int which = !strncmp(*av, "enable", strlen(*av)) ? 1 : 0; ac--; av++; masks[0] = masks[1] = 0; while (ac) { if (isdigit(**av)) { i = atoi(*av); if (i < 0 || i > 30) errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid set number %d\n", i); masks[which] |= (1<= nalloc) { nalloc = nalloc * 2 + 200; nbytes = nalloc; if ((data = realloc(data, nbytes)) == NULL) err(EX_OSERR, "realloc"); if (getsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, ocmd, data, &nbytes) < 0) err(EX_OSERR, "getsockopt(IP_%s_GET)", do_pipe ? "DUMMYNET" : "FW"); } if (do_pipe) { list_pipes(data, nbytes, ac, av); goto done; } /* * Count static rules. They have variable size so we * need to scan the list to count them. */ for (nstat = 1, r = data, lim = data + nbytes; r->rulenum < 65535 && (void *)r < lim; ++nstat, r = (void *)r + RULESIZE(r) ) ; /* nothing */ /* * Count dynamic rules. This is easier as they have * fixed size. */ r = (void *)r + RULESIZE(r); dynrules = (ipfw_dyn_rule *)r ; n = (void *)r - data; ndyn = (nbytes - n) / sizeof *dynrules; /* if no rule numbers were specified, list all rules */ if (ac == 0) { for (n = 0, r = data; n < nstat; n++, r = (void *)r + RULESIZE(r) ) show_ipfw(r); if (do_dynamic && ndyn) { printf("## Dynamic rules (%d):\n", ndyn); for (n = 0, d = dynrules; n < ndyn; n++, d++) show_dyn_ipfw(d); } goto done; } /* display specific rules requested on command line */ for (lac = ac, lav = av; lac != 0; lac--) { /* convert command line rule # */ rnum = strtoul(*lav++, &endptr, 10); if (*endptr) { exitval = EX_USAGE; warnx("invalid rule number: %s", *(lav - 1)); continue; } for (n = seen = 0, r = data; n < nstat; n++, r = (void *)r + RULESIZE(r) ) { if (r->rulenum > rnum) break; if (r->rulenum == rnum) { show_ipfw(r); seen = 1; } } if (!seen) { /* give precedence to other error(s) */ if (exitval == EX_OK) exitval = EX_UNAVAILABLE; warnx("rule %lu does not exist", rnum); } } if (do_dynamic && ndyn) { printf("## Dynamic rules:\n"); for (lac = ac, lav = av; lac != 0; lac--) { rnum = strtoul(*lav++, &endptr, 10); if (*endptr) /* already warned */ continue; for (n = 0, d = dynrules; n < ndyn; n++, d++) { if ((int)(d->rule) > rnum) break; if ((int)(d->rule) == rnum) show_dyn_ipfw(d); } } } ac = 0; done: free(data); if (exitval != EX_OK) exit(exitval); } static void show_usage(void) { fprintf(stderr, "usage: ipfw [options]\n" " add [number] rule\n" " pipe number config [pipeconfig]\n" " queue number config [queueconfig]\n" " [pipe] flush\n" " [pipe] delete number ...\n" " [pipe] {list|show} [number ...]\n" " {zero|resetlog} [number ...]\n" "do \"ipfw -h\" or see ipfw manpage for details\n" ); exit(EX_USAGE); } static void help(void) { fprintf(stderr, "ipfw syntax summary:\n" "ipfw add [N] [prob {0..1}] ACTION [log [logamount N]] ADDR OPTIONS\n" "ipfw {pipe|queue} N config BODY\n" "ipfw [pipe] {zero|delete|show} [N{,N}]\n" "\n" "RULE: [1..] [PROB] BODY\n" "RULENUM: INTEGER(1..65534)\n" "PROB: prob REAL(0..1)\n" "BODY: check-state [LOG] (no body) |\n" " ACTION [LOG] MATCH_ADDR [OPTION_LIST]\n" "ACTION: check-state | allow | count | deny | reject | skipto N |\n" " {divert|tee} PORT | forward ADDR | pipe N | queue N\n" "ADDR: [ MAC dst src ether_type ] \n" " [ from IPLIST [ PORT ] to IPLIST [ PORTLIST ] ]\n" "IPLIST: IPADDR | ( IPADDR or ... or IPADDR )\n" "IPADDR: [not] { any | me | ip | ip/bits | ip:mask | ip/bits{x,y,z} }\n" "OPTION_LIST: OPTION [,OPTION_LIST]\n" ); exit(0); } static int lookup_host (char *host, struct in_addr *ipaddr) { struct hostent *he; if (!inet_aton(host, ipaddr)) { if ((he = gethostbyname(host)) == NULL) return(-1); *ipaddr = *(struct in_addr *)he->h_addr_list[0]; } return(0); } /* * fills the addr and mask fields in the instruction as appropriate from av. * Update length as appropriate. * The following formats are allowed: * any matches any IP. Actually returns an empty instruction. * me returns O_IP_*_ME * 1.2.3.4 single IP address * 1.2.3.4:5.6.7.8 address:mask * 1.2.3.4/24 address/mask * 1.2.3.4/26{1,6,5,4,23} set of addresses in a subnet */ static void fill_ip(ipfw_insn_ip *cmd, char *av) { char *p = 0, md = 0; u_int32_t i; cmd->o.len &= ~F_LEN_MASK; /* zero len */ if (!strncmp(av, "any", strlen(av))) return; if (!strncmp(av, "me", strlen(av))) { cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn); return; } p = strchr(av, '/'); if (!p) p = strchr(av, ':'); if (p) { md = *p; *p++ = '\0'; } if (lookup_host(av, &cmd->addr) != 0) errx(EX_NOHOST, "hostname ``%s'' unknown", av); switch (md) { case ':': if (!inet_aton(p, &cmd->mask)) errx(EX_DATAERR, "bad netmask ``%s''", p); break; case '/': i = atoi(p); if (i == 0) cmd->mask.s_addr = htonl(0); else if (i > 32) errx(EX_DATAERR, "bad width ``%s''", p); else cmd->mask.s_addr = htonl(~0 << (32 - i)); break; default: cmd->mask.s_addr = htonl(~0); break; } cmd->addr.s_addr &= cmd->mask.s_addr; /* * now look if we have a set of addresses. They are stored as follows: * arg1 is the set size (powers of 2, 2..256) * addr is the base address IN HOST FORMAT * mask.. is an array of u_int32_t with bits set. */ if (p) p = strchr(p, '{'); if (p) { /* fetch addresses */ u_int32_t *d; int low, high; int i = contigmask((u_char *)&(cmd->mask), 32); if (i < 24 || i > 31) { fprintf(stderr, "invalid set with mask %d\n", i); exit(0); } cmd->o.arg1 = 1<<(32-i); cmd->addr.s_addr = ntohl(cmd->addr.s_addr); d = (u_int32_t *)&cmd->mask; cmd->o.opcode = O_IP_DST_SET; /* default */ cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32) + (cmd->o.arg1+31)/32; for (i = 0; i < (cmd->o.arg1+31)/32 ; i++) d[i] = 0; /* clear masks */ av = p+1; low = cmd->addr.s_addr & 0xff; high = low + cmd->o.arg1 - 1; while (isdigit(*av)) { char *s; u_int16_t a = strtol(av, &s, 0); if (s == av) /* no parameter */ break; if (a < low || a > high) { fprintf(stderr, "addr %d out of range [%d-%d]\n", a, low, high); exit(0); } a -= low; d[ a/32] |= 1<<(a & 31); if (*s != ',') break; av = s+1; } return; } if (cmd->mask.s_addr == 0) { /* any */ if (cmd->o.len & F_NOT) errx(EX_DATAERR, "not any never matches"); else /* useless, nuke it */ return; } else if (cmd->mask.s_addr == IP_MASK_ALL) /* one IP */ cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32); else /* addr/mask */ cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_ip); } /* * helper function to process a set of flags and set bits in the * appropriate masks. */ static void fill_flags(ipfw_insn *cmd, enum ipfw_opcodes opcode, struct _s_x *flags, char *p) { u_int8_t set=0, clear=0; while (p && *p) { char *q; /* points to the separator */ int val; u_int8_t *which; /* mask we are working on */ if (*p == '!') { p++; which = &clear; } else which = &set; q = strchr(p, ','); if (q) *q++ = '\0'; val = match_token(flags, p); if (val <= 0) errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid flag %s", p); *which |= (u_int8_t)val; p = q; } cmd->opcode = opcode; cmd->len = (cmd->len & (F_NOT | F_OR)) | 1; cmd->arg1 = (set & 0xff) | ( (clear & 0xff) << 8); } static void delete(int ac, char *av[]) { u_int32_t rulenum; struct dn_pipe pipe; int i; int exitval = EX_OK; int do_set = 0; memset(&pipe, 0, sizeof pipe); av++; ac--; if (ac > 0 && !strncmp(*av, "set", strlen(*av))) { do_set = 1; /* delete set */ ac--; av++; } /* Rule number */ while (ac && isdigit(**av)) { i = atoi(*av); av++; ac--; if (do_pipe) { if (do_pipe == 1) pipe.pipe_nr = i; else pipe.fs.fs_nr = i; i = setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_DUMMYNET_DEL, &pipe, sizeof pipe); if (i) { exitval = 1; warn("rule %u: setsockopt(IP_DUMMYNET_DEL)", do_pipe == 1 ? pipe.pipe_nr : pipe.fs.fs_nr); } } else { rulenum = (i & 0xffff) | (do_set << 24); i = setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_FW_DEL, &rulenum, sizeof rulenum); if (i) { exitval = EX_UNAVAILABLE; warn("rule %u: setsockopt(IP_FW_DEL)", rulenum); } } } if (exitval != EX_OK) exit(exitval); } /* * fill the interface structure. We do not check the name as we can * create interfaces dynamically, so checking them at insert time * makes relatively little sense. * A '*' following the name means any unit. */ static void fill_iface(ipfw_insn_if *cmd, char *arg) { cmd->name[0] = '\0'; cmd->o.len |= F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_if); /* Parse the interface or address */ if (!strcmp(arg, "any")) cmd->o.len = 0; /* effectively ignore this command */ else if (!isdigit(*arg)) { char *q; strncpy(cmd->name, arg, sizeof(cmd->name)); cmd->name[sizeof(cmd->name) - 1] = '\0'; /* find first digit or wildcard */ for (q = cmd->name; *q && !isdigit(*q) && *q != '*'; q++) continue; cmd->p.unit = (*q == '*') ? -1 : atoi(q); *q = '\0'; } else if (!inet_aton(arg, &cmd->p.ip)) errx(EX_DATAERR, "bad ip address ``%s''", arg); } /* * the following macro returns an error message if we run out of * arguments. */ #define NEED1(msg) {if (!ac) errx(EX_USAGE, msg);} static void config_pipe(int ac, char **av) { struct dn_pipe pipe; int i; char *end; u_int32_t a; void *par = NULL; memset(&pipe, 0, sizeof pipe); av++; ac--; /* Pipe number */ if (ac && isdigit(**av)) { i = atoi(*av); av++; ac--; if (do_pipe == 1) pipe.pipe_nr = i; else pipe.fs.fs_nr = i; } while (ac > 0) { double d; int tok = match_token(dummynet_params, *av); ac--; av++; switch(tok) { case TOK_NOERROR: pipe.fs.flags_fs |= DN_NOERROR; break; case TOK_PLR: NEED1("plr needs argument 0..1\n"); d = strtod(av[0], NULL); if (d > 1) d = 1; else if (d < 0) d = 0; pipe.fs.plr = (int)(d*0x7fffffff); ac--; av++; break; case TOK_QUEUE: NEED1("queue needs queue size\n"); end = NULL; pipe.fs.qsize = strtoul(av[0], &end, 0); if (*end == 'K' || *end == 'k') { pipe.fs.flags_fs |= DN_QSIZE_IS_BYTES; pipe.fs.qsize *= 1024; } else if (*end == 'B' || !strncmp(end, "by", 2)) { pipe.fs.flags_fs |= DN_QSIZE_IS_BYTES; } ac--; av++; break; case TOK_BUCKETS: NEED1("buckets needs argument\n"); pipe.fs.rq_size = strtoul(av[0], NULL, 0); ac--; av++; break; case TOK_MASK: NEED1("mask needs mask specifier\n"); /* * per-flow queue, mask is dst_ip, dst_port, * src_ip, src_port, proto measured in bits */ par = NULL; pipe.fs.flow_mask.dst_ip = 0; pipe.fs.flow_mask.src_ip = 0; pipe.fs.flow_mask.dst_port = 0; pipe.fs.flow_mask.src_port = 0; pipe.fs.flow_mask.proto = 0; end = NULL; while (ac >= 1) { u_int32_t *p32 = NULL; u_int16_t *p16 = NULL; tok = match_token(dummynet_params, *av); ac--; av++; switch(tok) { case TOK_ALL: /* * special case, all bits significant */ pipe.fs.flow_mask.dst_ip = ~0; pipe.fs.flow_mask.src_ip = ~0; pipe.fs.flow_mask.dst_port = ~0; pipe.fs.flow_mask.src_port = ~0; pipe.fs.flow_mask.proto = ~0; pipe.fs.flags_fs |= DN_HAVE_FLOW_MASK; goto end_mask; case TOK_DSTIP: p32 = &pipe.fs.flow_mask.dst_ip; break; case TOK_SRCIP: p32 = &pipe.fs.flow_mask.src_ip; break; case TOK_DSTPORT: p16 = &pipe.fs.flow_mask.dst_port; break; case TOK_SRCPORT: p16 = &pipe.fs.flow_mask.src_port; break; case TOK_PROTO: break; default: ac++; av--; /* backtrack */ goto end_mask; } if (ac < 1) errx(EX_USAGE, "mask: value missing"); if (*av[0] == '/') { a = strtoul(av[0]+1, &end, 0); a = (a == 32) ? ~0 : (1 << a) - 1; } else a = strtoul(av[0], &end, 0); if (p32 != NULL) *p32 = a; else if (p16 != NULL) { if (a > 65535) errx(EX_DATAERR, "mask: must be 16 bit"); *p16 = (u_int16_t)a; } else { if (a > 255) errx(EX_DATAERR, "mask: must be 8 bit"); pipe.fs.flow_mask.proto = (u_int8_t)a; } if (a != 0) pipe.fs.flags_fs |= DN_HAVE_FLOW_MASK; ac--; av++; } /* end while, config masks */ end_mask: break; case TOK_RED: case TOK_GRED: NEED1("red/gred needs w_q/min_th/max_th/max_p\n"); pipe.fs.flags_fs |= DN_IS_RED; if (tok == TOK_GRED) pipe.fs.flags_fs |= DN_IS_GENTLE_RED; /* * the format for parameters is w_q/min_th/max_th/max_p */ if ((end = strsep(&av[0], "/"))) { double w_q = strtod(end, NULL); if (w_q > 1 || w_q <= 0) errx(EX_DATAERR, "0 < w_q <= 1"); pipe.fs.w_q = (int) (w_q * (1 << SCALE_RED)); } if ((end = strsep(&av[0], "/"))) { pipe.fs.min_th = strtoul(end, &end, 0); if (*end == 'K' || *end == 'k') pipe.fs.min_th *= 1024; } if ((end = strsep(&av[0], "/"))) { pipe.fs.max_th = strtoul(end, &end, 0); if (*end == 'K' || *end == 'k') pipe.fs.max_th *= 1024; } if ((end = strsep(&av[0], "/"))) { double max_p = strtod(end, NULL); if (max_p > 1 || max_p <= 0) errx(EX_DATAERR, "0 < max_p <= 1"); pipe.fs.max_p = (int)(max_p * (1 << SCALE_RED)); } ac--; av++; break; case TOK_DROPTAIL: pipe.fs.flags_fs &= ~(DN_IS_RED|DN_IS_GENTLE_RED); break; case TOK_BW: NEED1("bw needs bandwidth or interface\n"); if (do_pipe != 1) errx(EX_DATAERR, "bandwidth only valid for pipes"); /* * set clocking interface or bandwidth value */ if (av[0][0] >= 'a' && av[0][0] <= 'z') { int l = sizeof(pipe.if_name)-1; /* interface name */ strncpy(pipe.if_name, av[0], l); pipe.if_name[l] = '\0'; pipe.bandwidth = 0; } else { pipe.if_name[0] = '\0'; pipe.bandwidth = strtoul(av[0], &end, 0); if (*end == 'K' || *end == 'k') { end++; pipe.bandwidth *= 1000; } else if (*end == 'M') { end++; pipe.bandwidth *= 1000000; } if (*end == 'B' || !strncmp(end, "by", 2)) pipe.bandwidth *= 8; if (pipe.bandwidth < 0) errx(EX_DATAERR, "bandwidth too large"); } ac--; av++; break; case TOK_DELAY: if (do_pipe != 1) errx(EX_DATAERR, "delay only valid for pipes"); NEED1("delay needs argument 0..10000ms\n"); pipe.delay = strtoul(av[0], NULL, 0); ac--; av++; break; case TOK_WEIGHT: if (do_pipe == 1) errx(EX_DATAERR,"weight only valid for queues"); NEED1("weight needs argument 0..100\n"); pipe.fs.weight = strtoul(av[0], &end, 0); ac--; av++; break; case TOK_PIPE: if (do_pipe == 1) errx(EX_DATAERR,"pipe only valid for queues"); NEED1("pipe needs pipe_number\n"); pipe.fs.parent_nr = strtoul(av[0], &end, 0); ac--; av++; break; default: errx(EX_DATAERR, "unrecognised option ``%s''", *av); } } if (do_pipe == 1) { if (pipe.pipe_nr == 0) errx(EX_DATAERR, "pipe_nr must be > 0"); if (pipe.delay > 10000) errx(EX_DATAERR, "delay must be < 10000"); } else { /* do_pipe == 2, queue */ if (pipe.fs.parent_nr == 0) errx(EX_DATAERR, "pipe must be > 0"); if (pipe.fs.weight >100) errx(EX_DATAERR, "weight must be <= 100"); } if (pipe.fs.flags_fs & DN_QSIZE_IS_BYTES) { if (pipe.fs.qsize > 1024*1024) errx(EX_DATAERR, "queue size must be < 1MB"); } else { if (pipe.fs.qsize > 100) errx(EX_DATAERR, "2 <= queue size <= 100"); } if (pipe.fs.flags_fs & DN_IS_RED) { size_t len; int lookup_depth, avg_pkt_size; double s, idle, weight, w_q; struct clockinfo clock; int t; if (pipe.fs.min_th >= pipe.fs.max_th) errx(EX_DATAERR, "min_th %d must be < than max_th %d", pipe.fs.min_th, pipe.fs.max_th); if (pipe.fs.max_th == 0) errx(EX_DATAERR, "max_th must be > 0"); len = sizeof(int); if (sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.dummynet.red_lookup_depth", &lookup_depth, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) errx(1, "sysctlbyname(\"%s\")", "net.inet.ip.dummynet.red_lookup_depth"); if (lookup_depth == 0) errx(EX_DATAERR, "net.inet.ip.dummynet.red_lookup_depth" " must be greater than zero"); len = sizeof(int); if (sysctlbyname("net.inet.ip.dummynet.red_avg_pkt_size", &avg_pkt_size, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) errx(1, "sysctlbyname(\"%s\")", "net.inet.ip.dummynet.red_avg_pkt_size"); if (avg_pkt_size == 0) errx(EX_DATAERR, "net.inet.ip.dummynet.red_avg_pkt_size must" " be greater than zero"); len = sizeof(struct clockinfo); if (sysctlbyname("kern.clockrate", &clock, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) errx(1, "sysctlbyname(\"%s\")", "kern.clockrate"); /* * Ticks needed for sending a medium-sized packet. * Unfortunately, when we are configuring a WF2Q+ queue, we * do not have bandwidth information, because that is stored * in the parent pipe, and also we have multiple queues * competing for it. So we set s=0, which is not very * correct. But on the other hand, why do we want RED with * WF2Q+ ? */ if (pipe.bandwidth==0) /* this is a WF2Q+ queue */ s = 0; else s = clock.hz * avg_pkt_size * 8 / pipe.bandwidth; /* * max idle time (in ticks) before avg queue size becomes 0. * NOTA: (3/w_q) is approx the value x so that * (1-w_q)^x < 10^-3. */ w_q = ((double)pipe.fs.w_q) / (1 << SCALE_RED); idle = s * 3. / w_q; pipe.fs.lookup_step = (int)idle / lookup_depth; if (!pipe.fs.lookup_step) pipe.fs.lookup_step = 1; weight = 1 - w_q; for (t = pipe.fs.lookup_step; t > 0; --t) weight *= weight; pipe.fs.lookup_weight = (int)(weight * (1 << SCALE_RED)); } i = setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_DUMMYNET_CONFIGURE, &pipe, sizeof pipe); if (i) err(1, "setsockopt(%s)", "IP_DUMMYNET_CONFIGURE"); } static void get_mac_addr_mask(char *p, u_char *addr, u_char *mask) { int i, l; for (i=0; i<6; i++) addr[i] = mask[i] = 0; if (!strcmp(p, "any")) return; for (i=0; *p && i<6;i++, p++) { addr[i] = strtol(p, &p, 16); if (*p != ':') /* we start with the mask */ break; } if (*p == '/') { /* mask len */ l = strtol(p+1, &p, 0); for (i=0; l>0; l -=8, i++) mask[i] = (l >=8) ? 0xff : (~0) << (8-l); } else if (*p == '&') { /* mask */ for (i=0, p++; *p && i<6;i++, p++) { mask[i] = strtol(p, &p, 16); if (*p != ':') break; } } else if (*p == '\0') { for (i=0; i<6; i++) mask[i] = 0xff; } for (i=0; i<6; i++) addr[i] &= mask[i]; } /* * helper function, updates the pointer to cmd with the length * of the current command, and also cleans up the first word of * the new command in case it has been clobbered before. */ static ipfw_insn * next_cmd(ipfw_insn *cmd) { cmd += F_LEN(cmd); bzero(cmd, sizeof(*cmd)); return cmd; } /* * A function to fill simple commands of size 1. * Existing flags are preserved. */ static void fill_cmd(ipfw_insn *cmd, enum ipfw_opcodes opcode, int flags, u_int16_t arg) { cmd->opcode = opcode; cmd->len = ((cmd->len | flags) & (F_NOT | F_OR)) | 1; cmd->arg1 = arg; } /* * Fetch and add the MAC address and type, with masks. This generates one or * two microinstructions, and returns the pointer to the last one. */ static ipfw_insn * add_mac(ipfw_insn *cmd, int ac, char *av[]) { ipfw_insn_mac *mac; if (ac < 2) - errx(EX_DATAERR, "MAC dst src [not] type"); + errx(EX_DATAERR, "MAC dst src"); cmd->opcode = O_MACADDR2; cmd->len = (cmd->len & (F_NOT | F_OR)) | F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_mac); mac = (ipfw_insn_mac *)cmd; get_mac_addr_mask(av[0], mac->addr, mac->mask); /* dst */ get_mac_addr_mask(av[1], &(mac->addr[6]), &(mac->mask[6])); /* src */ return cmd; } static ipfw_insn * add_mactype(ipfw_insn *cmd, int ac, char *av) { if (ac < 1) errx(EX_DATAERR, "missing MAC type"); if (strcmp(av, "any") != 0) { /* we have a non-null type */ fill_newports((ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, av, IPPROTO_ETHERTYPE); cmd->opcode = O_MAC_TYPE; return cmd; } else return NULL; } static ipfw_insn * add_proto(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av) { struct protoent *pe; u_char proto = 0; if (!strncmp(av, "all", strlen(av))) ; /* same as "ip" */ else if ((proto = atoi(av)) > 0) ; /* all done! */ else if ((pe = getprotobyname(av)) != NULL) proto = pe->p_proto; else - errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid protocol ``%s''", av); + return NULL; if (proto != IPPROTO_IP) fill_cmd(cmd, O_PROTO, 0, proto); return cmd; } static ipfw_insn * add_srcip(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av) { fill_ip((ipfw_insn_ip *)cmd, av); if (cmd->opcode == O_IP_DST_SET) /* set */ cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC_SET; else if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn)) /* me */ cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC_ME; else if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32)) /* one IP */ cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC; else if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_ip)) /* addr/mask */ cmd->opcode = O_IP_SRC_MASK; return cmd; } static ipfw_insn * add_dstip(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av) { fill_ip((ipfw_insn_ip *)cmd, av); if (cmd->opcode == O_IP_DST_SET) /* set */ ; else if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn)) /* me */ cmd->opcode = O_IP_DST_ME; else if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32)) /* one IP */ cmd->opcode = O_IP_DST; else if (F_LEN(cmd) == F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_ip)) /* addr/mask */ cmd->opcode = O_IP_DST_MASK; return cmd; } static ipfw_insn * add_ports(ipfw_insn *cmd, char *av, u_char proto, int opcode) { if (!strncmp(av, "any", strlen(av))) { return NULL; } else if (fill_newports((ipfw_insn_u16 *)cmd, av, proto)) { /* XXX todo: check that we have a protocol with ports */ cmd->opcode = opcode; return cmd; } return NULL; } /* * Parse arguments and assemble the microinstructions which make up a rule. * Rules are added into the 'rulebuf' and then copied in the correct order * into the actual rule. * * The syntax for a rule starts with the action, followed by an * optional log action, and the various match patterns. * In the assembled microcode, the first opcode must be a O_PROBE_STATE * (generated if the rule includes a keep-state option), then the * various match patterns, the "log" action, and the actual action. * */ static void add(int ac, char *av[]) { /* * rules are added into the 'rulebuf' and then copied in * the correct order into the actual rule. * Some things that need to go out of order (prob, action etc.) * go into actbuf[]. */ static u_int32_t rulebuf[255], actbuf[255], cmdbuf[255]; ipfw_insn *src, *dst, *cmd, *action, *prev; ipfw_insn *first_cmd; /* first match pattern */ struct ip_fw *rule; /* * various flags used to record that we entered some fields. */ ipfw_insn *have_state = NULL; /* check-state or keep-state */ int i; int open_par = 0; /* open parenthesis ( */ /* proto is here because it is used to fetch ports */ u_char proto = IPPROTO_IP; /* default protocol */ bzero(actbuf, sizeof(actbuf)); /* actions go here */ bzero(cmdbuf, sizeof(cmdbuf)); bzero(rulebuf, sizeof(rulebuf)); rule = (struct ip_fw *)rulebuf; cmd = (ipfw_insn *)cmdbuf; action = (ipfw_insn *)actbuf; av++; ac--; /* [rule N] -- Rule number optional */ if (ac && isdigit(**av)) { rule->rulenum = atoi(*av); av++; ac--; } /* [set N] -- set number (0..30), optional */ if (ac > 1 && !strncmp(*av, "set", strlen(*av))) { int set = strtoul(av[1], NULL, 10); if (set < 0 || set > 30) errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal set %s", av[1]); rule->set = set; av += 2; ac -= 2; } /* [prob D] -- match probability, optional */ if (ac > 1 && !strncmp(*av, "prob", strlen(*av))) { double d = strtod(av[1], NULL); if (d <= 0 || d > 1) errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal match prob. %s", av[1]); if (d != 1) { /* 1 means always match */ action->opcode = O_PROB; action->len = 2; *((int32_t *)(action+1)) = (int32_t)((1 - d) * 0x7fffffff); action += action->len; } av += 2; ac -= 2; } /* action -- mandatory */ NEED1("missing action"); i = match_token(rule_actions, *av); ac--; av++; action->len = 1; /* default */ switch(i) { case TOK_CHECKSTATE: have_state = action; action->opcode = O_CHECK_STATE; break; case TOK_ACCEPT: action->opcode = O_ACCEPT; break; case TOK_DENY: action->opcode = O_DENY; action->arg1 = 0; break; case TOK_REJECT: action->opcode = O_REJECT; action->arg1 = ICMP_UNREACH_HOST; break; case TOK_RESET: action->opcode = O_REJECT; action->arg1 = ICMP_REJECT_RST; break; case TOK_UNREACH: action->opcode = O_REJECT; NEED1("missing reject code"); fill_reject_code(&action->arg1, *av); ac--; av++; break; case TOK_COUNT: action->opcode = O_COUNT; break; case TOK_QUEUE: case TOK_PIPE: action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_pipe); case TOK_SKIPTO: if (i == TOK_QUEUE) action->opcode = O_QUEUE; else if (i == TOK_PIPE) action->opcode = O_PIPE; else if (i == TOK_SKIPTO) action->opcode = O_SKIPTO; NEED1("missing skipto/pipe/queue number"); action->arg1 = strtoul(*av, NULL, 10); av++; ac--; break; case TOK_DIVERT: case TOK_TEE: action->opcode = (i == TOK_DIVERT) ? O_DIVERT : O_TEE; NEED1("missing divert/tee port"); action->arg1 = strtoul(*av, NULL, 0); if (action->arg1 == 0) { struct servent *s; setservent(1); s = getservbyname(av[0], "divert"); if (s != NULL) action->arg1 = ntohs(s->s_port); else errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal divert/tee port"); } ac--; av++; break; case TOK_FORWARD: { ipfw_insn_sa *p = (ipfw_insn_sa *)action; char *s, *end; NEED1("missing forward address[:port]"); action->opcode = O_FORWARD_IP; action->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_sa); p->sa.sin_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in); p->sa.sin_family = AF_INET; p->sa.sin_port = 0; /* * locate the address-port separator (':' or ',') */ s = strchr(*av, ':'); if (s == NULL) s = strchr(*av, ','); if (s != NULL) { *(s++) = '\0'; i = strtoport(s, &end, 0 /* base */, 0 /* proto */); if (s == end) errx(EX_DATAERR, "illegal forwarding port ``%s''", s); p->sa.sin_port = htons( (u_short)i ); } lookup_host(*av, &(p->sa.sin_addr)); } ac--; av++; break; default: errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid action %s\n", av[-1]); } action = next_cmd(action); /* * [log [logamount N]] -- log, optional * * If exists, it goes first in the cmdbuf, but then it is * skipped in the copy section to the end of the buffer. */ if (ac && !strncmp(*av, "log", strlen(*av))) { ipfw_insn_log *c = (ipfw_insn_log *)cmd; cmd->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_log); cmd->opcode = O_LOG; av++; ac--; if (ac && !strncmp(*av, "logamount", strlen(*av))) { ac--; av++; NEED1("logamount requires argument"); c->max_log = atoi(*av); if (c->max_log < 0) errx(EX_DATAERR, "logamount must be positive"); ac--; av++; } cmd = next_cmd(cmd); } if (have_state) /* must be a check-state, we are done */ goto done; #define OR_START(target) \ if (ac && (*av[0] == '(' || *av[0] == '{')) { \ if (open_par) \ errx(EX_USAGE, "nested \"(\" not allowed\n"); \ prev = NULL; \ open_par = 1; \ if ( (av[0])[1] == '\0') { \ ac--; av++; \ } else \ (*av)++; \ } \ target: \ #define CLOSE_PAR \ if (open_par) { \ if (ac && ( \ !strncmp(*av, ")", strlen(*av)) || \ !strncmp(*av, "}", strlen(*av)) )) { \ prev = NULL; \ open_par = 0; \ ac--; av++; \ } else \ errx(EX_USAGE, "missing \")\"\n"); \ } #define NOT_BLOCK \ if (ac && !strncmp(*av, "not", strlen(*av))) { \ if (cmd->len & F_NOT) \ errx(EX_USAGE, "double \"not\" not allowed\n"); \ cmd->len |= F_NOT; \ ac--; av++; \ } #define OR_BLOCK(target) \ if (ac && !strncmp(*av, "or", strlen(*av))) { \ if (prev == NULL || open_par == 0) \ errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid OR block"); \ prev->len |= F_OR; \ ac--; av++; \ goto target; \ } \ CLOSE_PAR; first_cmd = cmd; + +#if 0 /* * MAC addresses, optional. * If we have this, we skip the part "proto from src to dst" * and jump straight to the option parsing. */ NOT_BLOCK; NEED1("missing protocol"); if (!strncmp(*av, "MAC", strlen(*av)) || !strncmp(*av, "mac", strlen(*av))) { ac--; av++; /* the "MAC" keyword */ add_mac(cmd, ac, av); /* exits in case of errors */ cmd = next_cmd(cmd); ac -= 2; av += 2; /* dst-mac and src-mac */ NOT_BLOCK; NEED1("missing mac type"); if (add_mactype(cmd, ac, av[0])) cmd = next_cmd(cmd); ac--; av++; /* any or mac-type */ goto read_options; } +#endif /* * protocol, mandatory */ OR_START(get_proto); NOT_BLOCK; NEED1("missing protocol"); if (add_proto(cmd, *av)) { av++; ac--; if (F_LEN(cmd) == 0) /* plain IP */ proto = 0; else { proto = cmd->arg1; prev = cmd; cmd = next_cmd(cmd); } - } + } else if (first_cmd != cmd) { + errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid protocol ``%s''", av); + } else + goto read_options; OR_BLOCK(get_proto); /* * "from", mandatory */ if (!ac || strncmp(*av, "from", strlen(*av))) errx(EX_USAGE, "missing ``from''"); ac--; av++; /* * source IP, mandatory */ OR_START(source_ip); NOT_BLOCK; /* optional "not" */ NEED1("missing source address"); if (add_srcip(cmd, *av)) { ac--; av++; if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0) { /* ! any */ prev = cmd; cmd = next_cmd(cmd); } } OR_BLOCK(source_ip); /* * source ports, optional */ NOT_BLOCK; /* optional "not" */ if (ac) { if (!strncmp(*av, "any", strlen(*av)) || add_ports(cmd, *av, proto, O_IP_SRCPORT)) { ac--; av++; if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0) cmd = next_cmd(cmd); } } /* * "to", mandatory */ if (!ac || strncmp(*av, "to", strlen(*av))) errx(EX_USAGE, "missing ``to''"); av++; ac--; /* * destination, mandatory */ OR_START(dest_ip); NOT_BLOCK; /* optional "not" */ NEED1("missing dst address"); if (add_dstip(cmd, *av)) { ac--; av++; if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0) { /* ! any */ prev = cmd; cmd = next_cmd(cmd); } } OR_BLOCK(dest_ip); /* * dest. ports, optional */ NOT_BLOCK; /* optional "not" */ if (ac) { if (!strncmp(*av, "any", strlen(*av)) || add_ports(cmd, *av, proto, O_IP_DSTPORT)) { ac--; av++; if (F_LEN(cmd) != 0) cmd = next_cmd(cmd); } } read_options: if (ac && first_cmd == cmd) { /* * nothing specified so far, store in the rule to ease * printout later. */ rule->_pad = 1; } prev = NULL; while (ac) { char *s; ipfw_insn_u32 *cmd32; /* alias for cmd */ s = *av; cmd32 = (ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd; if (*s == '!') { /* alternate syntax for NOT */ if (cmd->len & F_NOT) errx(EX_USAGE, "double \"not\" not allowed\n"); cmd->len = F_NOT; s++; } i = match_token(rule_options, s); ac--; av++; switch(i) { case TOK_NOT: if (cmd->len & F_NOT) errx(EX_USAGE, "double \"not\" not allowed\n"); cmd->len = F_NOT; break; case TOK_OR: if (open_par == 0 || prev == NULL) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid \"or\" block\n"); prev->len |= F_OR; break; case TOK_STARTBRACE: if (open_par) errx(EX_USAGE, "+nested \"(\" not allowed\n"); open_par = 1; break; case TOK_ENDBRACE: if (!open_par) errx(EX_USAGE, "+missing \")\"\n"); open_par = 0; prev = NULL; break; case TOK_IN: fill_cmd(cmd, O_IN, 0, 0); break; case TOK_OUT: cmd->len ^= F_NOT; /* toggle F_NOT */ fill_cmd(cmd, O_IN, 0, 0); break; case TOK_FRAG: fill_cmd(cmd, O_FRAG, 0, 0); break; case TOK_LAYER2: fill_cmd(cmd, O_LAYER2, 0, 0); break; case TOK_XMIT: case TOK_RECV: case TOK_VIA: NEED1("recv, xmit, via require interface name" " or address"); fill_iface((ipfw_insn_if *)cmd, av[0]); ac--; av++; if (F_LEN(cmd) == 0) /* not a valid address */ break; if (i == TOK_XMIT) cmd->opcode = O_XMIT; else if (i == TOK_RECV) cmd->opcode = O_RECV; else if (i == TOK_VIA) cmd->opcode = O_VIA; break; case TOK_ICMPTYPES: NEED1("icmptypes requires list of types"); fill_icmptypes((ipfw_insn_u32 *)cmd, *av); av++; ac--; break; case TOK_IPTTL: NEED1("ipttl requires TTL"); fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPTTL, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0)); ac--; av++; break; case TOK_IPID: NEED1("ipid requires length"); fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPID, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0)); ac--; av++; break; case TOK_IPLEN: NEED1("iplen requires length"); fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPLEN, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0)); ac--; av++; break; case TOK_IPVER: NEED1("ipver requires version"); fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPVER, 0, strtoul(*av, NULL, 0)); ac--; av++; break; case TOK_IPPRECEDENCE: NEED1("ipprecedence requires value"); fill_cmd(cmd, O_IPPRECEDENCE, 0, (strtoul(*av, NULL, 0) & 7) << 5); ac--; av++; break; case TOK_IPOPTS: NEED1("missing argument for ipoptions"); fill_flags(cmd, O_IPOPT, f_ipopts, *av); ac--; av++; break; case TOK_IPTOS: NEED1("missing argument for iptos"); fill_flags(cmd, O_IPTOS, f_iptos, *av); ac--; av++; break; case TOK_UID: NEED1("uid requires argument"); { char *end; uid_t uid; struct passwd *pwd; cmd->opcode = O_UID; uid = strtoul(*av, &end, 0); pwd = (*end == '\0') ? getpwuid(uid) : getpwnam(*av); if (pwd == NULL) errx(EX_DATAERR, "uid \"%s\" nonexistent", *av); cmd32->d[0] = uid; cmd->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32); ac--; av++; } break; case TOK_GID: NEED1("gid requires argument"); { char *end; gid_t gid; struct group *grp; cmd->opcode = O_GID; gid = strtoul(*av, &end, 0); grp = (*end == '\0') ? getgrgid(gid) : getgrnam(*av); if (grp == NULL) errx(EX_DATAERR, "gid \"%s\" nonexistent", *av); cmd32->d[0] = gid; cmd->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32); ac--; av++; } break; case TOK_ESTAB: fill_cmd(cmd, O_ESTAB, 0, 0); break; case TOK_SETUP: fill_cmd(cmd, O_TCPFLAGS, 0, (TH_SYN) | ( (TH_ACK) & 0xff) <<8 ); break; case TOK_TCPOPTS: NEED1("missing argument for tcpoptions"); fill_flags(cmd, O_TCPOPTS, f_tcpopts, *av); ac--; av++; break; case TOK_TCPSEQ: case TOK_TCPACK: NEED1("tcpseq/tcpack requires argument"); cmd->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_u32); cmd->opcode = (i == TOK_TCPSEQ) ? O_TCPSEQ : O_TCPACK; cmd32->d[0] = htonl(strtoul(*av, NULL, 0)); ac--; av++; break; case TOK_TCPWIN: NEED1("tcpwin requires length"); fill_cmd(cmd, O_TCPWIN, 0, htons(strtoul(*av, NULL, 0))); ac--; av++; break; case TOK_TCPFLAGS: NEED1("missing argument for tcpflags"); cmd->opcode = O_TCPFLAGS; fill_flags(cmd, O_TCPFLAGS, f_tcpflags, *av); ac--; av++; break; case TOK_KEEPSTATE: if (open_par) errx(EX_USAGE, "keep-state cannot be part " "of an or block"); if (have_state) errx(EX_USAGE, "only one of keep-state " "and limit is allowed"); have_state = cmd; fill_cmd(cmd, O_KEEP_STATE, 0, 0); break; case TOK_LIMIT: if (open_par) errx(EX_USAGE, "limit cannot be part " "of an or block"); if (have_state) errx(EX_USAGE, "only one of keep-state " "and limit is allowed"); NEED1("limit needs mask and # of connections"); have_state = cmd; { ipfw_insn_limit *c = (ipfw_insn_limit *)cmd; cmd->len = F_INSN_SIZE(ipfw_insn_limit); cmd->opcode = O_LIMIT; c->limit_mask = 0; c->conn_limit = 0; for (; ac >1 ;) { int val; val = match_token(limit_masks, *av); if (val <= 0) break; c->limit_mask |= val; ac--; av++; } c->conn_limit = atoi(*av); if (c->conn_limit == 0) errx(EX_USAGE, "limit: limit must be >0"); if (c->limit_mask == 0) errx(EX_USAGE, "missing limit mask"); ac--; av++; } break; case TOK_PROTO: NEED1("missing protocol"); if (add_proto(cmd, *av)) { proto = cmd->arg1; ac--; av++; - } + } else + errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid protocol ``%s''", av); break; case TOK_SRCIP: NEED1("missing source IP"); if (add_srcip(cmd, *av)) { ac--; av++; } break; case TOK_DSTIP: NEED1("missing destination IP"); if (add_dstip(cmd, *av)) { ac--; av++; } break; case TOK_SRCPORT: NEED1("missing source port"); if (!strncmp(*av, "any", strlen(*av)) || add_ports(cmd, *av, proto, O_IP_SRCPORT)) { ac--; av++; } else errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid source port %s", *av); break; case TOK_DSTPORT: NEED1("missing destination port"); if (!strncmp(*av, "any", strlen(*av)) || add_ports(cmd, *av, proto, O_IP_DSTPORT)) { ac--; av++; } else errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid destination port %s", *av); break; case TOK_MAC: if (ac < 2) errx(EX_USAGE, "MAC dst-mac src-mac"); if (add_mac(cmd, ac, av)) { ac -= 2; av += 2; } break; case TOK_MACTYPE: NEED1("missing mac type"); if (!add_mactype(cmd, ac, *av)) errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid mac type %s", av); ac--; av++; break; default: errx(EX_USAGE, "unrecognised option [%d] %s\n", i, s); } if (F_LEN(cmd) > 0) { /* prepare to advance */ prev = cmd; cmd = next_cmd(cmd); } } done: /* * Now copy stuff into the rule. * If we have a keep-state option, the first instruction * must be a PROBE_STATE (which is generated here). * If we have a LOG option, it was stored as the first command, * and now must be moved to the top of the action part. */ dst = (ipfw_insn *)rule->cmd; /* * generate O_PROBE_STATE if necessary */ if (have_state && have_state->opcode != O_CHECK_STATE) { fill_cmd(dst, O_PROBE_STATE, 0, 0); dst = next_cmd(dst); } /* * copy all commands but O_LOG, O_KEEP_STATE, O_LIMIT */ for (src = (ipfw_insn *)cmdbuf; src != cmd; src += i) { i = F_LEN(src); switch (src->opcode) { case O_LOG: case O_KEEP_STATE: case O_LIMIT: break; default: bcopy(src, dst, i * sizeof(u_int32_t)); dst += i; } } /* * put back the have_state command as last opcode */ if (have_state && have_state->opcode != O_CHECK_STATE) { i = F_LEN(have_state); bcopy(have_state, dst, i * sizeof(u_int32_t)); dst += i; } /* * start action section */ rule->act_ofs = dst - rule->cmd; /* * put back O_LOG if necessary */ src = (ipfw_insn *)cmdbuf; if ( src->opcode == O_LOG ) { i = F_LEN(src); bcopy(src, dst, i * sizeof(u_int32_t)); dst += i; } /* * copy all other actions */ for (src = (ipfw_insn *)actbuf; src != action; src += i) { i = F_LEN(src); bcopy(src, dst, i * sizeof(u_int32_t)); dst += i; } rule->cmd_len = (u_int32_t *)dst - (u_int32_t *)(rule->cmd); i = (void *)dst - (void *)rule; if (getsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_FW_ADD, rule, &i) == -1) err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "getsockopt(%s)", "IP_FW_ADD"); if (!do_quiet) show_ipfw(rule); } static void zero(int ac, char *av[]) { int rulenum; int failed = EX_OK; av++; ac--; if (!ac) { /* clear all entries */ if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_FW_ZERO, NULL, 0) < 0) err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "setsockopt(%s)", "IP_FW_ZERO"); if (!do_quiet) printf("Accounting cleared.\n"); return; } while (ac) { /* Rule number */ if (isdigit(**av)) { rulenum = atoi(*av); av++; ac--; if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_FW_ZERO, &rulenum, sizeof rulenum)) { warn("rule %u: setsockopt(IP_FW_ZERO)", rulenum); failed = EX_UNAVAILABLE; } else if (!do_quiet) printf("Entry %d cleared\n", rulenum); } else { errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid rule number ``%s''", *av); } } if (failed != EX_OK) exit(failed); } static void resetlog(int ac, char *av[]) { int rulenum; int failed = EX_OK; av++; ac--; if (!ac) { /* clear all entries */ if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_FW_RESETLOG, NULL, 0) < 0) err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "setsockopt(IP_FW_RESETLOG)"); if (!do_quiet) printf("Logging counts reset.\n"); return; } while (ac) { /* Rule number */ if (isdigit(**av)) { rulenum = atoi(*av); av++; ac--; if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_FW_RESETLOG, &rulenum, sizeof rulenum)) { warn("rule %u: setsockopt(IP_FW_RESETLOG)", rulenum); failed = EX_UNAVAILABLE; } else if (!do_quiet) printf("Entry %d logging count reset\n", rulenum); } else { errx(EX_DATAERR, "invalid rule number ``%s''", *av); } } if (failed != EX_OK) exit(failed); } static void flush() { int cmd = do_pipe ? IP_DUMMYNET_FLUSH : IP_FW_FLUSH; if (!do_force && !do_quiet) { /* need to ask user */ int c; printf("Are you sure? [yn] "); fflush(stdout); do { c = toupper(getc(stdin)); while (c != '\n' && getc(stdin) != '\n') if (feof(stdin)) return; /* and do not flush */ } while (c != 'Y' && c != 'N'); printf("\n"); if (c == 'N') /* user said no */ return; } if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, cmd, NULL, 0) < 0) err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "setsockopt(IP_%s_FLUSH)", do_pipe ? "DUMMYNET" : "FW"); if (!do_quiet) printf("Flushed all %s.\n", do_pipe ? "pipes" : "rules"); } static int ipfw_main(int ac, char **av) { int ch; if (ac == 1) show_usage(); /* Set the force flag for non-interactive processes */ do_force = !isatty(STDIN_FILENO); optind = optreset = 1; - while ((ch = getopt(ac, av, "hs:adefNqStv")) != -1) + while ((ch = getopt(ac, av, "hs:acdefNqStv")) != -1) switch (ch) { case 'h': /* help */ help(); break; /* NOTREACHED */ case 's': /* sort */ do_sort = atoi(optarg); break; case 'a': do_acct = 1; break; + case 'c': + do_compact = 1; + break; case 'd': do_dynamic = 1; break; case 'e': do_expired = 1; break; case 'f': do_force = 1; break; case 'N': do_resolv = 1; break; case 'q': do_quiet = 1; break; case 'S': show_sets = 1; break; case 't': do_time = 1; break; case 'v': /* verbose */ verbose++; break; default: show_usage(); } ac -= optind; av += optind; NEED1("bad arguments, for usage summary ``ipfw''"); /* * optional: pipe or queue */ if (!strncmp(*av, "pipe", strlen(*av))) { do_pipe = 1; ac--; av++; } else if (!strncmp(*av, "queue", strlen(*av))) { do_pipe = 2; ac--; av++; } NEED1("missing command"); /* * for pipes and queues we normally say 'pipe NN config' * but the code is easier to parse as 'pipe config NN' * so we swap the two arguments. */ if (do_pipe > 0 && ac > 1 && *av[0] >= '0' && *av[0] <= '9') { char *p = av[0]; av[0] = av[1]; av[1] = p; } if (!strncmp(*av, "add", strlen(*av))) add(ac, av); else if (do_pipe && !strncmp(*av, "config", strlen(*av))) config_pipe(ac, av); else if (!strncmp(*av, "delete", strlen(*av))) delete(ac, av); else if (!strncmp(*av, "flush", strlen(*av))) flush(); else if (!strncmp(*av, "zero", strlen(*av))) zero(ac, av); else if (!strncmp(*av, "resetlog", strlen(*av))) resetlog(ac, av); else if (!strncmp(*av, "print", strlen(*av)) || !strncmp(*av, "list", strlen(*av))) list(ac, av); else if (!strncmp(*av, "set", strlen(*av))) sets_handler(ac, av); else if (!strncmp(*av, "show", strlen(*av))) { do_acct++; list(ac, av); } else errx(EX_USAGE, "bad command `%s'", *av); return 0; } static void ipfw_readfile(int ac, char *av[]) { #define MAX_ARGS 32 #define WHITESP " \t\f\v\n\r" char buf[BUFSIZ]; char *a, *p, *args[MAX_ARGS], *cmd = NULL; char linename[10]; int i=0, lineno=0, qflag=0, pflag=0, status; FILE *f = NULL; pid_t preproc = 0; int c; while ((c = getopt(ac, av, "D:U:p:q")) != -1) switch(c) { case 'D': if (!pflag) errx(EX_USAGE, "-D requires -p"); if (i > MAX_ARGS - 2) errx(EX_USAGE, "too many -D or -U options"); args[i++] = "-D"; args[i++] = optarg; break; case 'U': if (!pflag) errx(EX_USAGE, "-U requires -p"); if (i > MAX_ARGS - 2) errx(EX_USAGE, "too many -D or -U options"); args[i++] = "-U"; args[i++] = optarg; break; case 'p': pflag = 1; cmd = optarg; args[0] = cmd; i = 1; break; case 'q': qflag = 1; break; default: errx(EX_USAGE, "bad arguments, for usage" " summary ``ipfw''"); } av += optind; ac -= optind; if (ac != 1) errx(EX_USAGE, "extraneous filename arguments"); if ((f = fopen(av[0], "r")) == NULL) err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "fopen: %s", av[0]); if (pflag) { /* pipe through preprocessor (cpp or m4) */ int pipedes[2]; args[i] = 0; if (pipe(pipedes) == -1) err(EX_OSERR, "cannot create pipe"); switch((preproc = fork())) { case -1: err(EX_OSERR, "cannot fork"); case 0: /* child */ if (dup2(fileno(f), 0) == -1 || dup2(pipedes[1], 1) == -1) err(EX_OSERR, "dup2()"); fclose(f); close(pipedes[1]); close(pipedes[0]); execvp(cmd, args); err(EX_OSERR, "execvp(%s) failed", cmd); default: /* parent */ fclose(f); close(pipedes[1]); if ((f = fdopen(pipedes[0], "r")) == NULL) { int savederrno = errno; (void)kill(preproc, SIGTERM); errno = savederrno; err(EX_OSERR, "fdopen()"); } } } while (fgets(buf, BUFSIZ, f)) { lineno++; sprintf(linename, "Line %d", lineno); args[0] = linename; if (*buf == '#') continue; if ((p = strchr(buf, '#')) != NULL) *p = '\0'; i = 1; if (qflag) args[i++] = "-q"; for (a = strtok(buf, WHITESP); a && i < MAX_ARGS; a = strtok(NULL, WHITESP), i++) args[i] = a; if (i == (qflag? 2: 1)) continue; if (i == MAX_ARGS) errx(EX_USAGE, "%s: too many arguments", linename); args[i] = NULL; ipfw_main(i, args); } fclose(f); if (pflag) { if (waitpid(preproc, &status, 0) == -1) errx(EX_OSERR, "waitpid()"); if (WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) != EX_OK) errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "preprocessor exited with status %d", WEXITSTATUS(status)); else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "preprocessor exited with signal %d", WTERMSIG(status)); } } int main(int ac, char *av[]) { s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW); if (s < 0) err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "socket"); /* * If the last argument is an absolute pathname, interpret it * as a file to be preprocessed. */ if (ac > 1 && av[ac - 1][0] == '/' && access(av[ac - 1], R_OK) == 0) ipfw_readfile(ac, av); else ipfw_main(ac, av); return EX_OK; }