diff --git a/stand/defaults/loader.conf.5 b/stand/defaults/loader.conf.5
index b1661e8c1101..8c43bb62a135 100644
--- a/stand/defaults/loader.conf.5
+++ b/stand/defaults/loader.conf.5
@@ -1,543 +1,546 @@
 .\" Copyright (c) 1999 Daniel C. Sobral
 .\" All rights reserved.
 .\"
 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 .\" are met:
 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 .\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 .\"
 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
 .Dd September 2, 2025
 .Dt LOADER.CONF 5
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
 .Nm loader.conf
 .Nd "system bootstrap configuration information"
 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 The file
 .Nm
 contains descriptive information on bootstrapping the system.
 Through
 it you can specify the kernel to be booted, parameters to be passed to
 it, and additional modules to be loaded; and generally set all variables
 described in
 .Xr loader 8 .
 .Sh SYNTAX
 Though
 .Nm Ns 's
 format was defined explicitly to resemble
 .Xr rc.conf 5 ,
 and can be sourced by
 .Xr sh 1 ,
 some settings are treated in a special fashion.
 Also, the
 behavior of some settings is defined by the setting's suffix;
 the prefix identifies which module the setting controls.
 .Pp
 The general parsing rules are:
 .Bl -bullet
 .It
 Spaces and empty lines are ignored.
 .It
 A # sign will mark the remainder of the line as a comment.
 .It
 Only one setting can be present on each line.
 .El
 .Pp
 All settings have the following format:
 .Pp
 .Dl variable="value"
 .Pp
 Unless it belongs to one of the classes of settings that receive special
 treatment, a setting will set the value of a
 .Xr loader 8
 environment variable.
 The settings that receive special
 treatment are listed below.
 Settings beginning with
 .Qq *
 below define the modules to be loaded and
 may have any prefix; the prefix identifies a module.
 All such settings sharing a common
 prefix refer to the same module.
 .Bl -tag -width Ar
 .It Ar autoboot_delay
 Delay in seconds before automatically booting.
 A user with console access will be able to interrupt the
 .Ic autoboot
 process and escape into the interactive mode by pressing a key on
 the console during this delay.
 .Pp
 If set to
 .Dq Li NO ,
 no
 .Ic autoboot
 is automatically attempted after processing
 .Pa /boot/loader.rc ,
 though explicit
 .Ic autoboot Ns 's
 are processed normally, using a 10 second delay.
 .Pp
 If set to
 .Dq Li 0 ,
 no delay is inserted, but any keys pressed while the kernel and modules are
 loaded will enter interactive mode.
 .Pp
 If set to
 .Dq Li -1 ,
 no delay will be inserted and
 .Nm
 starts interactive mode only if
 .Ic autoboot
 has failed.
 In combination with the
 .Va beastie_disable
 option, this option prevents users with console access from being able
 to interrupt the
 .Ic autoboot
 process and escape to the loader prompt.
 To use the
 .Va autoboot_delay
 option in this manner,
 .Va beastie_disable
 must be set to
 .Dq Li YES .
 .It Ar print_delay
 Add a delay in microseconds after printing each line.
 Default
 .Dq Li 0 .
 .It Ar boot_*
 See list in
 .Xr loader.efi 8
 since those flags apply to all boot loaders.
 .It Ar boot_verbose
 Set to "yes" to get the same effect as boot -v or booting verbose from the
 loader menu.
 See the
 .Va kern.msgbufsize
 tuneable to ensure enough space for the increased number of messages.
 .It Ar exec
 Immediately executes a
 .Xr loader 8
 command.
 This type of setting cannot be processed by programs other
 than
 .Xr loader 8 ,
 so its use should be avoided.
 Multiple instances of it will be processed
 independently.
 .It Ar loader_conf_dirs
 Space separated list of directories to process for configuration files.
 The lua-based loader will process files with a
 .Dq .conf
 suffix that are placed in these directories.
 Files found here are processed after the ones listed in
 .Va loader_conf_files
 but before the ones found in
 .Va local_loader_conf_files .
 .It Ar loader_conf_files
 Defines additional configuration files to be processed right after the
 present file.
 .Ar loader_conf_files
 should be treated as write-only.
 One cannot depend on any value remaining in the loader environment or carried
 over into the kernel environment.
 .It Ar local_loader_conf_files
 Space separated list of additional configuration files to be processed at last,
 i.e., after
 .Va loader_conf_files
 and
 .Va loader_conf_dirs
 are processed.
 .It Ar product_vars
 When set, must be a space separated list of environment variable names to walk
 through to guess product information.
 The order matters as reading a config file override the previously defined
 values.
 Undefined variables are silently ignored.
 .Pp
 When product information can be guessed, for each product information found,
 append
 .Pa /boot/loader.conf.d/PRODUCT
 to
 .Ar loader_conf_dirs .
 It can be typically used as follow:
 .Bd -literal
 smbios.system.planar.maker="PLANAR_MAKER"
 smbios.system.planar.product="PLANAR_PRODUCT"
 smbios.system.product="PRODUCT"
 uboot.m_product="M_PRODUCT"
 product_vars="smbios.system.planar.maker smbios.system.planar.product smbios.system.product uboot.m_product"
 .Ed
 .Pp
 to read files found in the following directories, in that order:
 .Bl -bullet -compact
 .It
 .Pa /boot/loader.conf.d/PLANAR_MAKER
 .It
 .Pa /boot/loader.conf.d/PLANAR_PRODUCT
 .It
 .Pa /boot/loader.conf.d/PRODUCT
 .It
 .Pa /boot/loader.conf.d/M_PRODUCT
 .El
 .It Ar kernel
 Name of the kernel to be loaded.
 If no kernel name is set, no additional
 modules will be loaded.
 The name must be a subdirectory of
 .Pa /boot
 that contains a kernel.
 .It Ar kernel_options
 Flags to be passed to the kernel.
 .It Ar vfs.root.mountfrom
 Specify the root partition to mount.
 For example:
 .Pp
 .Dl vfs.root.mountfrom="ufs:/dev/da0s1a"
 .Pp
 .Xr loader 8
 automatically calculates the value of this tunable from
 .Pa /etc/fstab
 from the partition the kernel was loaded from.
 The calculated value might be calculated incorrectly when
 .Pa /etc/fstab
 is not available during
 .Xr loader 8
 startup (as during diskless booting from NFS), or if a different
 device is desired by the user.
 The preferred value can be set in
 .Pa /loader.conf .
 .Pp
 The value can also be overridden from the
 .Xr loader 8
 command line.
 This is useful for system recovery when
 .Pa /etc/fstab
 is damaged, lost, or read from the wrong partition.
 .It Ar password
 Protect boot menu with a password without interrupting
 .Ic autoboot
 process.
 The password should be in clear text format.
 If a password is set, boot menu will not appear until any key is pressed during
 countdown period specified by
 .Va autoboot_delay
 variable or
 .Ic autoboot
 process fails.
 In both cases user should provide specified password to be able to access boot
 menu.
 .It Ar bootlock_password
 Provides a password to be required by check-password before execution is
 allowed to continue.
 The password should be in clear text format.
 If a password is set, the user must provide specified password to boot.
 .It Ar verbose_loading
 If set to
 .Dq YES ,
 module names will be displayed as they are loaded.
 .It Ar module_blacklist
 Blacklist of modules.
 Modules specified in the blacklist may not be loaded automatically with a
 .Ar *_load
 directive, but they may be loaded directly at the
 .Xr loader 8
 prompt.
 Blacklisted modules may still be loaded indirectly as dependencies of other
 modules.
 .It Ar *_load
 If set to
 .Dq YES ,
 that module will be loaded.
 If no name is defined (see below), the
 module's name is taken to be the same as the prefix.
 .It Ar *_name
 Defines the name of the module.
 .It Ar *_type
 Defines the module's type.
 If none is given, it defaults to a kld module.
 .It Ar *_flags
 Flags and parameters to be passed to the module.
 .It Ar *_before
 Commands to be executed before the module is loaded.
 Use of this setting
 should be avoided.
 .It Ar *_after
 Commands to be executed after the module is loaded.
 Use of this setting
 should be avoided.
 .It Ar *_error
 Commands to be executed if the loading of a module fails.
 Except for the
 special value
 .Dq abort ,
 which aborts the bootstrap process, use of this setting should be avoided.
 .El
 .Pp
 .Em WARNING :
 developers should never use these suffixes for any kernel environment
 variables (tunables) or conflicts will result.
 .Sh DEFAULT SETTINGS
 Most of
 .Nm Ns 's
 default settings can be ignored.
 The few of them which are important
 or useful are:
 .Bl -tag -width bootfile -offset indent
 .It Va local_loader_conf_files
 .Pq Dq /boot/loader.conf.local
 Ensure
 .Va loader.conf.local
 can always be used to override settings from files found in
 .Va loader_conf_files
 and
 .Va loader_conf_dirs .
 .It Va bitmap_load
 .Pq Dq NO
 If set to
 .Dq YES ,
 a bitmap will be loaded to be displayed on screen while booting.
 .It Va bitmap_name
 .Pq Dq Pa /boot/splash.bmp
 Name of the bitmap to be loaded.
 Any other name can be used.
 .It Va comconsole_speed
 .Dq ( 115200
 or the value of the
 .Va BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED
 variable when
 .Xr loader 8
 was compiled).
 Sets the speed of the serial console.
 If the previous boot loader stage specified that a serial console
 is in use then the default speed is determined from the current
 serial port speed setting.
 .It Va console
 .Pq Dq vidconsole
 .Dq comconsole
 selects serial console,
 .Dq vidconsole
 selects the video console,
 .Dq efi
 selects the EFI console,
 .Dq nullconsole
 selects a mute console
 (useful for systems with neither a video console nor a serial port), and
 .Dq spinconsole
 selects the video console which prevents any input and hides all output
 replacing it with
 .Dq spinning
 character (useful for embedded products and such).
+This setting is for the
+.Xr loader 8
+only and does not set the kernel output.
 .It Va screen.font
 Set font size for framebuffer mode.
 The default font size is selected based on screen resolution.
 Note that the terminal's size may vary.
 .It Va screen.textmode
 Value
 .Dq 0
 will trigger BIOS loader to switch to use VESA BIOS Extension (VBE)
 frame buffer mode for console.
 The same effect can be achieved by setting
 .Va vbe_max_resolution .
 .Pp
 Value
 .Dq 1
 will force BIOS loader to use VGA text mode.
 .Pp
 If
 .Va vbe_max_resolution
 is not set, the loader will try to set screen resolution based on EDID
 information.
 If EDID is not available, the default resolution is 800x600 (if available).
 .It Va screen.height
 .It Va screen.width
 .It Va screen.depth
 .Va screen.height ,
 .Va screen.width ,
 .Va screen.depth
 are set by loader when loader is using framebuffer mode to draw the screen.
 .It Va efi_max_resolution
 .It Va vbe_max_resolution
 Specify the maximum desired resolution for the EFI or VBE framebuffer console.
 The following values are accepted:
 .Bl -column "WidthxHeight"
 .It Sy Value Ta Sy Resolution
 .It 480p Ta 640x480
 .It 720p Ta 1280x720
 .It 1080p Ta 1920x1080
 .It 1440p Ta 2560x1440
 .It 2160p Ta 3840x2160
 .It 4k Ta 3840x2160
 .It 5k Ta 5120x2880
 .It Va Width Ns x Ns Va Height Ta Va Width Ns x Ns Va Height
 .El
 .It Va kernel
 .Pq Dq kernel
 .It Va kernels
 .Pq Dq kernel kernel.old
 Space or comma separated list of kernels to present in the boot menu.
 .It Va loader_conf_files
 .Pq Dq Pa /boot/loader.conf /boot/loader.conf.local
 .It Va loader_conf_dirs
 .Pq Dq Pa /boot/loader.conf.d
 .It Va splash_bmp_load
 .Pq Dq NO
 If set to
 .Dq YES ,
 will load the splash screen module, making it possible to display a bmp image
 on the screen while booting.
 .It Va splash_pcx_load
 .Pq Dq NO
 If set to
 .Dq YES ,
 will load the splash screen module, making it possible to display a pcx image
 on the screen while booting.
 .It Va vesa_load
 .Pq Dq NO
 If set to
 .Dq YES ,
 the vesa module will be loaded, enabling bitmaps above VGA resolution to
 be displayed.
 .It Va beastie_disable
 If set to
 .Dq YES ,
 the beastie boot menu will be skipped.
 .It Va loader_autoboot_show Pq Dq Li YES
 If set to
 .Dq NO ,
 the autoboot menu will not be displayed
 .It Va loader_gfx
 If set to
 .Dq NO ,
 the ASCII art version of the brand and logo will be used even if graphical
 versions are available.
 Additionally, the menu frame will be drawn with ASCII art as well.
 .It Va loader_logo Pq Dq Li orbbw
 Selects a desired logo in the beastie boot menu.
 Possible values are:
 .Dq Li orbbw ,
 .Dq Li orb ,
 .Dq Li fbsdbw ,
 .Dq Li beastiebw ,
 .Dq Li beastie ,
 and
 .Dq Li none .
 .It Va loader_menu
 If set to
 .Dq NONE ,
 the menu will not be displayed
 .It Va loader_color
 If set to
 .Dq NO ,
 the beastie boot menu will be displayed without ANSI coloring.
 .It Va entropy_cache_load
 .Pq Dq YES
 If set to
 .Dq NO ,
 the very early
 boot-time entropy file
 will not be loaded.
 See the entropy entries in
 .Xr rc.conf 5 .
 .It Va entropy_cache_name
 .Pq Dq /boot/entropy
 The name of the very early
 boot-time entropy cache file.
 .It Va cpu_microcode_load
 .Pq Dq NO
 If set to
 .Dq YES ,
 the microcode update file specified by
 .Va cpu_microcode_name
 will be loaded and applied very early during boot.
 This provides functionality similar to
 .Xr cpucontrol 8
 but ensures that CPU features enabled by microcode updates can be
 used by the kernel.
 The update will be re-applied automatically when resuming from an
 ACPI sleep state.
 If the update file contains updates for multiple processor models,
 the kernel will search for and extract a matching update.
 Currently this setting is supported only on Intel
 .Dv i386
 and
 .Dv amd64
 processors.
 It has no effect on other processor types.
 .It Va cpu_microcode_name
 A path to a microcode update file.
 .El
 .Sh OTHER SETTINGS
 Other settings that may be used in
 .Nm
 that have no default value:
 .Bl -tag -width bootfile -offset indent
 .It Va fdt_overlays
 Specifies a comma-delimited list of FDT overlays to apply.
 .Pa /boot/dtb/overlays
 is created by default for overlays to be placed in.
 .It Va kernels_autodetect
 If set to
 .Dq YES ,
 attempt to auto-detect kernels installed in
 .Pa /boot .
 This is an option specific to the Lua-based loader.
 It is not available in the default Forth-based loader.
 .El
 .Sh FILES
 .Bl -tag -width /boot/defaults/loader.conf -compact
 .It Pa /boot/defaults/loader.conf
 Default settings \(em do not change this file.
 .It Pa /boot/loader.conf
 User defined settings.
 .It Pa /boot/loader.conf.lua
 User defined settings written in lua.
 .It Pa /boot/loader.conf.d/*.conf
 User defined settings split in separate files.
 .It Pa /boot/loader.conf.d/*.lua
 User defined settings written in lua and split in separate files.
 .It Pa /boot/loader.conf.local
 Machine-specific settings for sites with a common loader.conf. Allow to override
 settings defined in other files.
 .El
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr kenv 1 ,
 .Xr loader.conf.lua 5 ,
 .Xr rc.conf 5 ,
 .Xr boot 8 ,
 .Xr cpucontrol 8 ,
 .Xr loader 8 ,
 .Xr loader.4th 8
 .Sh HISTORY
 The file
 .Nm
 first appeared in
 .Fx 3.2 .
 .Sh AUTHORS
 This manual page was written by
 .An Daniel C. Sobral Aq dcs@FreeBSD.org .
 .Sh BUGS
 The
 .Xr loader 8
 stops reading
 .Nm
 when it encounters a syntax error, so any options which are vital for
 booting a particular system (i.e.,
 .Dq Va hw.ata.ata_dma Ns "=0" )
 should precede any experimental additions to
 .Nm .
diff --git a/stand/man/loader_simp.8 b/stand/man/loader_simp.8
index 683ca8b2da5d..52cb598fdd89 100644
--- a/stand/man/loader_simp.8
+++ b/stand/man/loader_simp.8
@@ -1,761 +1,761 @@
 .\"
 .\" SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1999 Daniel C. Sobral
 .\" All rights reserved.
 .\"
 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 .\" are met:
 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 .\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 .\"
 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
 .\"
 .Dd September 30, 2021
 .Dt LOADER_SIMP 8
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
 .Nm loader_simp
 .Nd kernel bootstrapping final stage
 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 The program called
 .Nm
 is the final stage of
 .Fx Ns 's
 kernel bootstrapping process.
 On IA32 (i386) architectures, it is a
 .Pa BTX
 client.
 It is linked statically to
 .Xr libsa 3
 and usually located in the directory
 .Pa /boot .
 .Pp
 It provides a scripting language that can be used to
 automate tasks, do pre-configuration or assist in recovery
 procedures.
 This scripting language is roughly divided in
 two main components.
 The smaller one is a set of commands
 designed for direct use by the casual user, called "builtin
 commands" for historical reasons.
 The main drive behind these commands is user-friendliness.
 .Pp
 During initialization,
 .Nm
 will probe for a console and set the
 .Va console
 variable, or set it to serial console
 .Pq Dq Li comconsole
 if the previous boot stage used that.
 If multiple consoles are selected, they will be listed separated by spaces.
 Then, devices are probed,
 .Va currdev
 and
 .Va loaddev
 are set, and
 .Va LINES
 is set to 24.
 After that,
 .Pa /boot/loader.rc
 is processed if available.
 These files are processed through the
 .Ic include
 command, which reads all of them into memory before processing them,
 making disk changes possible.
 .Pp
 At this point, if an
 .Ic autoboot
 has not been tried, and if
 .Va autoboot_delay
 is not set to
 .Dq Li NO
 (not case sensitive), then an
 .Ic autoboot
 will be tried.
 If the system gets past this point,
 .Va prompt
 will be set and
 .Nm
 will engage interactive mode.
 Please note that historically even when
 .Va autoboot_delay
 is set to
 .Dq Li 0
 user will be able to interrupt autoboot process by pressing some key
 on the console while kernel and modules are being loaded.
 In some
 cases such behaviour may be undesirable, to prevent it set
 .Va autoboot_delay
 to
 .Dq Li -1 ,
 in this case
 .Nm
 will engage interactive mode only if
 .Ic autoboot
 has failed.
 .Sh BUILTIN COMMANDS
 In
 .Nm ,
 builtin commands take parameters from the command line.
 Presently,
 the only way to call them from a script is by using
 .Pa evaluate
 on a string.
 In the case of an error, an error message will be displayed and
 the interpreter's state will be reset, emptying the stack and restoring
 interpreting mode.
 .Pp
 The builtin commands available are:
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
 .It Ic autoboot Op Ar seconds Op Ar prompt
 Proceeds to bootstrap the system after a number of seconds, if not
 interrupted by the user.
 Displays a countdown prompt
 warning the user the system is about to be booted,
 unless interrupted by a key press.
 The kernel will be loaded first if necessary.
 Defaults to 10 seconds.
 .Pp
 .It Ic bcachestat
 Displays statistics about disk cache usage.
 For debugging only.
 .Pp
 .It Ic boot
 .It Ic boot Ar kernelname Op Cm ...
 .It Ic boot Fl flag Cm ...
 Immediately proceeds to bootstrap the system, loading the kernel
 if necessary.
 Any flags or arguments are passed to the kernel, but they
 must precede the kernel name, if a kernel name is provided.
 .Pp
 .It Ic echo Xo
 .Op Fl n
 .Op Aq message
 .Xc
 Displays text on the screen.
 A new line will be printed unless
 .Fl n
 is specified.
 .Pp
 .It Ic heap
 Displays memory usage statistics.
 For debugging purposes only.
 .Pp
 .It Ic help Op topic Op subtopic
 Shows help messages read from
 .Pa /boot/loader.help .
 The special topic
 .Em index
 will list the topics available.
 .Pp
 .It Ic include Ar file Op Ar
 Process script files.
 Each file, in turn, is completely read into memory,
 and then each of its lines is passed to the command line interpreter.
 If any error is returned by the interpreter, the include
 command aborts immediately, without reading any other files, and
 returns an error itself (see
 .Sx ERRORS ) .
 .Pp
 .It Ic load Xo
 .Op Fl t Ar type
 .Ar file Cm ...
 .Xc
 Loads a kernel, kernel loadable module (kld), disk image,
 or file of opaque contents tagged as being of the type
 .Ar type .
 Kernel and modules can be either in a.out or ELF format.
 Any arguments passed after the name of the file to be loaded
 will be passed as arguments to that file.
 Use the
 .Li md_image
 type to make the kernel create a file-backed
 .Xr md 4
 disk.
 This is useful for booting from a temporary rootfs.
 Currently, argument passing does not work for the kernel.
 .Pp
 .It Ic load_geli Xo
 .Op Fl n Ar keyno
 .Ar prov Ar file
 .Xc
 Loads a
 .Xr geli 8
 encryption keyfile for the given provider name.
 The key index can be specified via
 .Ar keyno
 or will default to zero.
 .Pp
 .It Ic ls Xo
 .Op Fl l
 .Op Ar path
 .Xc
 Displays a listing of files in the directory
 .Ar path ,
 or the root directory if
 .Ar path
 is not specified.
 If
 .Fl l
 is specified, file sizes will be shown too.
 .Pp
 .It Ic lsdev Op Fl v
 Lists all of the devices from which it may be possible to load modules,
 as well as ZFS pools.
 If
 .Fl v
 is specified, more details are printed, including ZFS pool information
 in a format that resembles
 .Nm zpool Cm status
 output.
 .Pp
 .It Ic lsmod Op Fl v
 Displays loaded modules.
 If
 .Fl v
 is specified, more details are shown.
 .Pp
 .It Ic lszfs Ar filesystem
 A ZFS extended command that can be used to explore the ZFS filesystem
 hierarchy in a pool.
 Lists the immediate children of the
 .Ar filesystem .
 The filesystem hierarchy is rooted at a filesystem with the same name
 as the pool.
 .Pp
 .It Ic more Ar file Op Ar
 Display the files specified, with a pause at each
 .Va LINES
 displayed.
 .Pp
 .It Ic pnpscan Op Fl v
 Scans for Plug-and-Play devices.
 This is not functional at present.
 .Pp
 .It Ic read Xo
 .Op Fl t Ar seconds
 .Op Fl p Ar prompt
 .Op Va variable
 .Xc
 Reads a line of input from the terminal, storing it in
 .Va variable
 if specified.
 A timeout can be specified with
 .Fl t ,
 though it will be canceled at the first key pressed.
 A prompt may also be displayed through the
 .Fl p
 flag.
 .Pp
 .It Ic reboot
 Immediately reboots the system.
 .Pp
 .It Ic set Ar variable
 .It Ic set Ar variable Ns = Ns Ar value
 Set loader's environment variables.
 .Pp
 .It Ic show Op Va variable
 Displays the specified variable's value, or all variables and their
 values if
 .Va variable
 is not specified.
 .Pp
 .It Ic unload
 Remove all modules from memory.
 .Pp
 .It Ic unset Va variable
 Removes
 .Va variable
 from the environment.
 .Pp
 .It Ic \&?
 Lists available commands.
 .El
 .Ss BUILTIN ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
 Environment variables can be set and unset through the
 .Ic set
 and
 .Ic unset
 builtins, and can have their values interactively examined through the
 use of the
 .Ic show
 builtin.
 Their values can also be accessed as described in
 .Sx BUILTIN PARSER .
 .Pp
 Notice that these environment variables are not inherited by any shell
 after the system has been booted.
 .Pp
 A few variables are set automatically by
 .Nm .
 Others can affect the behavior of either
 .Nm
 or the kernel at boot.
 Some options may require a value,
 while others define behavior just by being set.
 Both types of builtin variables are described below.
 .Bl -tag -width bootfile
 .It Va autoboot_delay
 Number of seconds
 .Ic autoboot
 will wait before booting.
 Configuration options are described in
 .Xr loader.conf 5 .
 .It Va boot_askname
 Instructs the kernel to prompt the user for the name of the root device
 when the kernel is booted.
 .It Va boot_cdrom
 Instructs the kernel to try to mount the root file system from CD-ROM.
 .It Va boot_ddb
 Instructs the kernel to start in the DDB debugger, rather than
 proceeding to initialize when booted.
 .It Va boot_dfltroot
 Instructs the kernel to mount the statically compiled-in root file system.
 .It Va boot_gdb
 Selects gdb-remote mode for the kernel debugger by default.
 .It Va boot_multicons
 Enables multiple console support in the kernel early on boot.
 In a running system, console configuration can be manipulated
 by the
 .Xr conscontrol 8
 utility.
 .It Va boot_mute
 All kernel console output is suppressed when console is muted.
 In a running system, the state of console muting can be manipulated by the
 .Xr conscontrol 8
 utility.
 .It Va boot_pause
 During the device probe, pause after each line is printed.
 .It Va boot_safe
 Force userland to boot in
 .Dq safe mode ,
 which may disable or limit the functionality of some services that may not be
 desired in safe mode.
 This is typically set by selecting
 .Dq safe mode
 in the loader menu, which also sets some other hints for the kernel.
 Applications wishing to respect safe mode should
 .Sy only
 test for the presence of
 .Va boot_safe
 in
 .Xr kenv 1 ,
 not for any particular value.
 .It Va boot_serial
-Force the use of a serial console even when an internal console
-is present.
+Force the use of a serial console for the kernel
+even when an internal console is present.
 .It Va boot_single
 Prevents the kernel from initiating a multi-user startup; instead,
 a single-user mode will be entered when the kernel has finished
 device probing.
 .It Va boot_verbose
 Setting this variable causes extra debugging information to be printed
 by the kernel during the boot phase.
 .It Va bootfile
 List of semicolon-separated search path for bootable kernels.
 The default is
 .Dq Li kernel .
 .It Va comconsole_speed
 Defines the speed of the serial console (i386 and amd64 only).
 If the previous boot stage indicated that a serial console is in use
 then this variable is initialized to the current speed of the console
 serial port.
 Otherwise it is set to 115200 unless this was overridden using the
 .Va BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED
 variable when
 .Nm
 was compiled.
 Changes to the
 .Va comconsole_speed
 variable take effect immediately.
 .It Va comconsole_port
 Defines the base i/o port used to access console UART
 (i386 and amd64 only).
 If the variable is not set, its assumed value is 0x3F8, which
 corresponds to PC port COM1, unless overridden by
 .Va BOOT_COMCONSOLE_PORT
 variable during the compilation of
 .Nm .
 Setting the
 .Va comconsole_port
 variable automatically set
 .Va hw.uart.console
 environment variable to provide a hint to kernel for location of the console.
 Loader console is changed immediately after variable
 .Va comconsole_port
 is set.
 .It Va comconsole_pcidev
 Defines the location of a PCI device of the 'simple communication'
 class to be used as the serial console UART (i386 and amd64 only).
 The syntax of the variable is
 .Li 'bus:device:function[:bar]' ,
 where all members must be numeric, with possible
 .Li 0x
 prefix to indicate a hexadecimal value.
 The
 .Va bar
 member is optional and assumed to be 0x10 if omitted.
 The bar must decode i/o space.
 Setting the variable
 .Va comconsole_pcidev
 automatically sets the variable
 .Va comconsole_port
 to the base of the selected bar, and hint
 .Va hw.uart.console .
 Loader console is changed immediately after variable
 .Va comconsole_pcidev
 is set.
 .It Va console
 Defines the current console or consoles.
 Multiple consoles may be specified.
 In that case, the first listed console will become the default console for
 userland output (e.g.\& from
 .Xr init 8 ) .
 .It Va currdev
 Selects the default device to loader the kernel from.
 The syntax is:
 .Dl Ic loader_device:
 or
 .Dl Ic zfs:dataset:
 Examples:
 .Dl Ic disk0p2:
 .Dl Ic zfs:zroot/ROOT/default:
 .It Va dumpdev
 Sets the device for kernel dumps.
 This can be used to ensure that a device is configured before the corresponding
 .Va dumpdev
 directive from
 .Xr rc.conf 5
 has been processed, allowing kernel panics that happen during the early stages
 of boot to be captured.
 .It Va init_chroot
 See
 .Xr init 8 .
 .It Va init_exec
 See
 .Xr init 8 .
 .It Va init_path
 Sets the list of binaries which the kernel will try to run as the initial
 process.
 The first matching binary is used.
 The default list is
 .Dq Li /sbin/init:/sbin/oinit:/sbin/init.bak:\:/rescue/init .
 .It Va init_script
 See
 .Xr init 8 .
 .It Va init_shell
 See
 .Xr init 8 .
 .It Va interpret
 Has the value
 .Dq Li OK
 if the Forth's current state is interpreting.
 .It Va LINES
 Define the number of lines on the screen, to be used by the pager.
 .It Va module_path
 Sets the list of directories which will be searched for modules
 named in a load command or implicitly required by a dependency.
 The default value for this variable is
 .Dq Li /boot/kernel;/boot/modules .
 .It Va num_ide_disks
 Sets the number of IDE disks as a workaround for some problems in
 finding the root disk at boot.
 This has been deprecated in favor of
 .Va root_disk_unit .
 .It Va prompt
 Value of
 .Nm Ns 's
 prompt.
 Defaults to
 .Dq Li "${interpret}" .
 If variable
 .Va prompt
 is unset, the default prompt is
 .Ql > .
 .It Va root_disk_unit
 If the code which detects the disk unit number for the root disk is
 confused, e.g.\& by a mix of SCSI and IDE disks, or IDE disks with
 gaps in the sequence (e.g.\& no primary slave), the unit number can
 be forced by setting this variable.
 .It Va rootdev
 By default the value of
 .Va currdev
 is used to set the root file system
 when the kernel is booted.
 This can be overridden by setting
 .Va rootdev
 explicitly.
 .El
 .Pp
 Other variables are used to override kernel tunable parameters.
 The following tunables are available:
 .Bl -tag -width Va
 .It Va efi.rt.disabled
 Disable UEFI runtime services in the kernel, if applicable.
 Runtime services are only available and used if the kernel is booted in a UEFI
 environment.
 .It Va hw.physmem
 Limit the amount of physical memory the system will use.
 By default the size is in bytes, but the
 .Cm k , K , m , M , g
 and
 .Cm G
 suffixes
 are also accepted and indicate kilobytes, megabytes and gigabytes
 respectively.
 An invalid suffix will result in the variable being ignored by the
 kernel.
 .It Va hw.pci.host_start_mem , hw.acpi.host_start_mem
 When not otherwise constrained, this limits the memory start
 address.
 The default is 0x80000000 and should be set to at least size of the
 memory and not conflict with other resources.
 Typically, only systems without PCI bridges need to set this variable
 since PCI bridges typically constrain the memory starting address
 (and the variable is only used when bridges do not constrain this
 address).
 .It Va hw.pci.enable_io_modes
 Enable PCI resources which are left off by some BIOSes or are not
 enabled correctly by the device driver.
 Tunable value set to ON (1) by default, but this may cause problems
 with some peripherals.
 .It Va kern.maxusers
 Set the size of a number of statically allocated system tables; see
 .Xr tuning 7
 for a description of how to select an appropriate value for this
 tunable.
 When set, this tunable replaces the value declared in the kernel
 compile-time configuration file.
 .It Va kern.ipc.nmbclusters
 Set the number of mbuf clusters to be allocated.
 The value cannot be set below the default
 determined when the kernel was compiled.
 .It Va kern.ipc.nsfbufs
 Set the number of
 .Xr sendfile 2
 buffers to be allocated.
 Overrides
 .Dv NSFBUFS .
 Not all architectures use such buffers; see
 .Xr sendfile 2
 for details.
 .It Va kern.maxswzone
 Limits the amount of KVM to be used to hold swap
 metadata, which directly governs the
 maximum amount of swap the system can support,
 at the rate of approximately 200 MB of swap space
 per 1 MB of metadata.
 This value is specified in bytes of KVA space.
 If no value is provided, the system allocates
 enough memory to handle an amount of swap
 that corresponds to eight times the amount of
 physical memory present in the system.
 .Pp
 Note that swap metadata can be fragmented,
 which means that the system can run out of
 space before it reaches the theoretical limit.
 Therefore, care should be taken to not configure
 more swap than approximately half of the
 theoretical maximum.
 .Pp
 Running out of space for swap metadata can leave
 the system in an unrecoverable state.
 Therefore, you should only change
 this parameter if you need to greatly extend the
 KVM reservation for other resources such as the
 buffer cache or
 .Va kern.ipc.nmbclusters .
 Modifies kernel option
 .Dv VM_SWZONE_SIZE_MAX .
 .It Va kern.maxbcache
 Limits the amount of KVM reserved for use by the
 buffer cache, specified in bytes.
 The default maximum is 200MB on i386,
 and 400MB on amd64.
 This parameter is used to
 prevent the buffer cache from eating too much
 KVM in large-memory machine configurations.
 Only mess around with this parameter if you need to
 greatly extend the KVM reservation for other resources
 such as the swap zone or
 .Va kern.ipc.nmbclusters .
 Note that
 the NBUF parameter will override this limit.
 Modifies
 .Dv VM_BCACHE_SIZE_MAX .
 .It Va kern.msgbufsize
 Sets the size of the kernel message buffer.
 The default limit of 96KB is usually sufficient unless
 large amounts of trace data need to be collected
 between opportunities to examine the buffer or
 dump it to a file.
 Overrides kernel option
 .Dv MSGBUF_SIZE .
 .It Va machdep.disable_mtrrs
 Disable the use of i686 MTRRs (x86 only).
 .It Va net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize
 Overrides the compile-time set value of
 .Dv TCBHASHSIZE
 or the preset default of 512.
 Must be a power of 2.
 .It Va twiddle_divisor
 Throttles the output of the
 .Sq twiddle
 I/O progress indicator displayed while loading the kernel and modules.
 This is useful on slow serial consoles where the time spent waiting for
 these characters to be written can add up to many seconds.
 The default is 16; a value of 32 spins half as fast,
 while a value of 8 spins twice as fast.
 .It Va vm.kmem_size
 Sets the size of kernel memory (bytes).
 This overrides the value determined when the kernel was compiled.
 Modifies
 .Dv VM_KMEM_SIZE .
 .It Va vm.kmem_size_min
 .It Va vm.kmem_size_max
 Sets the minimum and maximum (respectively) amount of kernel memory
 that will be automatically allocated by the kernel.
 These override the values determined when the kernel was compiled.
 Modifies
 .Dv VM_KMEM_SIZE_MIN
 and
 .Dv VM_KMEM_SIZE_MAX .
 .El
 .Ss ZFS FEATURES
 .Nm
 supports the following format for specifying ZFS filesystems which
 can be used wherever
 .Xr loader 8
 refers to a device specification:
 .Pp
 .Ar zfs:pool/filesystem:
 .Pp
 where
 .Pa pool/filesystem
 is a ZFS filesystem name as described in
 .Xr zfs 8 .
 .Pp
 If
 .Pa /etc/fstab
 does not have an entry for the root filesystem and
 .Va vfs.root.mountfrom
 is not set, but
 .Va currdev
 refers to a ZFS filesystem, then
 .Nm
 will instruct kernel to use that filesystem as the root filesystem.
 .Sh SECURITY
 Access to the
 .Nm
 command line provides several ways of compromising system security,
 including, but not limited to:
 .Pp
 .Bl -bullet
 .It
 Booting from removable storage.
 .Pp
 One can prevent unauthorized access
 to the
 .Nm
 command line by booting unconditionally in
 .Pa loader.rc .
 In order for this to be effective, one should also configure the firmware
 (BIOS or UEFI) to prevent booting from unauthorized devices.
 .El
 .Sh FILES
 .Bl -tag -width /boot/loader_simp -compact
 .It Pa /boot/loader_simp
 .Nm
 itself.
 .It Pa /boot/loader.rc
 The script run by
 .Nm
 on startup.
 .El
 .Sh EXAMPLES
 Boot in single user mode:
 .Pp
 .Dl boot -s
 .Pp
 Load the kernel, a splash screen, and then autoboot in five seconds.
 Notice that a kernel must be loaded before any other
 .Ic load
 command is attempted.
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 load kernel
 load splash_bmp
 load -t splash_image_data /boot/chuckrulez.bmp
 autoboot 5
 .Ed
 .Pp
 Set the disk unit of the root device to 2, and then boot.
 This would be needed in a system with two IDE disks,
 with the second IDE disk hardwired to ada2 instead of ada1.
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 set root_disk_unit=2
 boot /boot/kernel/kernel
 .Ed
 .Pp
 Set the default device used for loading a kernel from a ZFS filesystem:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 set currdev=zfs:tank/ROOT/knowngood:
 .Ed
 .Pp
 .Sh ERRORS
 The following values are thrown by
 .Nm :
 .Bl -tag -width XXXXX -offset indent
 .It 100
 Any type of error in the processing of a builtin.
 .It -1
 .Ic Abort
 executed.
 .It -2
 .Ic Abort"
 executed.
 .It -56
 .Ic Quit
 executed.
 .It -256
 Out of interpreting text.
 .It -257
 Need more text to succeed -- will finish on next run.
 .It -258
 .Ic Bye
 executed.
 .It -259
 Unspecified error.
 .El
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr libsa 3 ,
 .Xr loader.conf 5 ,
 .Xr tuning 7 ,
 .Xr boot 8 ,
 .Xr btxld 8
 .Sh HISTORY
 The
 .Nm
 first appeared in
 .Fx 3.1 .
 .Sh AUTHORS
 .An -nosplit
 The
 .Nm
 was written by
 .An Michael Smith Aq Mt msmith@FreeBSD.org .