linuxkpi: Define dev_err_probe*()

They differ from other dev_*() logging functions by returning the
passed error code. The error code is also used to determine if the
message should be logged in the first place and at which log level.

The DRM generic code started to use it in Linux 6.12.

Reviewed by: bz
Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D56435