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Copyright © 2000-2019 The FreeBSD Documentation + Project
FreeBSD is a registered trademark of + the FreeBSD Foundation.
Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, + i486, Itanium, Pentium, and Xeon are trademarks or registered + trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United + States and other countries.
Motif, OSF/1, and UNIX are + registered trademarks and IT DialTone and The Open Group are + trademarks of The Open Group in the United States and other + countries.
SPARC, SPARC64, and + UltraSPARC are trademarks of SPARC International, Inc in the United + States and other countries. SPARC International, Inc owns all of the + SPARC trademarks and under licensing agreements allows the proper use + of these trademarks by its members.
Many of the designations used by + manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed + as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this document, + and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the + designations have been followed by the “™” or the + “®” symbol.
This document gives a brief introduction to FreeBSD + 11.3-RELEASE. It includes some information on how to + obtain FreeBSD, a listing of various ways to contact the FreeBSD + Project, and pointers to some other sources of + information.
This distribution is a release of FreeBSD + 11.3-RELEASE, the latest point along the 11.3-STABLE + branch.
FreeBSD is an operating system based on 4.4 BSD Lite for + AMD64 and Intel EM64T based PC hardware (amd64), + Intel, AMD, Cyrix or NexGen “x86” based PC + hardware (i386), NEC PC-9801/9821 series PCs and + compatibles (pc98), and UltraSPARC® machines + (sparc64). Versions for the ARM® (arm), MIPS® + (mips), and PowerPC® (powerpc) architectures + are currently under development as well. FreeBSD works with + a wide variety of peripherals and configurations and can be + used for everything from software development to games to + Internet Service Provision.
This release of FreeBSD contains everything you need to run + such a system, including full source code for the kernel and + all utilities in the base distribution. With the source + distribution installed, you can literally recompile the entire + system from scratch with one command, making it ideal for + students, researchers, or users who simply want to see how it + all works.
A large collection of third-party ported software (the + “Ports Collection”) is also provided to make it + easy to obtain and install all your favorite traditional + UNIX® utilities for FreeBSD. Each “port” consists + of a set of scripts to retrieve, configure, build, and install + a piece of software, with a single command. Over + 24,000 ports, from editors to programming languages to + graphical applications, make FreeBSD a powerful and comprehensive + operating environment that extends far beyond what's provided + by many commercial versions of UNIX®. Most ports are also + available as pre-compiled “packages”, which can + be quickly installed from the installation program.
FreeBSD may be obtained in a variety of ways. This section + focuses on those ways that are primarily useful for obtaining a + complete FreeBSD distribution, rather than updating an existing + installation.
FreeBSD -RELEASE distributions may be ordered on CDROM or DVD + from several publishers. This is frequently the most + convenient way to obtain FreeBSD for new installations, as it + provides a convenient way to quickly reinstall the system if + necessary. Some distributions include some of the optional, + precompiled “packages” from the FreeBSD Ports + Collection, or other extra material.
A list of the CDROM and DVD publishers known to the + project are listed in the “Obtaining + FreeBSD” appendix to the Handbook.
FreeBSD releases may be downloaded via
+ HTTPS from https://download.FreeBSD.org/
,
+ which is the official FreeBSD release site.
You can use FTP to retrieve FreeBSD and any or all of its
+ optional packages from ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/
,
+ or any of its “mirrors”.
Lists of locations that mirror FreeBSD can be found in the + FTP + Sites section of the Handbook. + Finding a close (in networking terms) mirror from which to + download the distribution is highly recommended.
Additional mirror sites are always welcome. Contact
+ <freebsd-admin@FreeBSD.org>
for more details on
+ becoming an official mirror site. You can also find useful
+ information for mirror sites at the Mirroring FreeBSD
+ article.
Mirrors generally contain the ISO images generally used to + create a CDROM of a FreeBSD release. They usually also contain + floppy disk images (for applicable platforms), as well as the + files necessary to do an installation over the network. + Finally mirrors sites usually contain a set of packages for + the most current release.
For any questions or general technical support issues, + please send mail to the FreeBSD general questions mailing list.
If you are tracking the 11.3-STABLE development + efforts, you must join the FreeBSD-STABLE mailing list, + in order to keep abreast of recent developments and changes + that may affect the way you use and maintain the + system.
Being a largely-volunteer effort, the FreeBSD Project is + always happy to have extra hands willing to help—there + are already far more desired enhancements than there is time + to implement them. To contact the developers on technical + matters, or with offers of help, please send mail to the + FreeBSD technical discussions mailing list.
Please note that these mailing lists can experience + significant amounts of traffic. If you + have slow or expensive mail access, or are only interested in + keeping up with major FreeBSD events, you may find it + preferable to subscribe instead to the FreeBSD announcements mailing list.
All of the mailing lists can be freely joined by anyone + wishing to do so. Visit the FreeBSD Mailman Info + Page. This will give you more information on joining + the various lists, accessing archives, etc. There are + a number of mailing lists targeted at special interest groups + not mentioned here; more information can be obtained either + from the Mailman pages or the mailing + lists section of the FreeBSD Web site.
Do not send email to the lists + asking to be subscribed. Use the Mailman interface + instead.
Suggestions, bug reports and contributions of code are + always valued—please do not hesitate to report any + problems you may find. Bug reports with attached fixes are of + course even more welcome.
The preferred method to submit bug reports from a machine + with Internet connectivity is to use the + Bugzilla bug tracker. + “Problem Reports” (PRs) submitted in this way + will be filed and their progress tracked; the FreeBSD developers + will do their best to respond to all reported bugs as soon as + possible. A list of all + active PRs is available on the FreeBSD Web site; this + list is useful to see what potential problems other users have + encountered.
Note that send-pr(1) is deprecated.
For more information, “Writing + FreeBSD Problem Reports”, available on the FreeBSD + Web site, has a number of helpful hints on writing and + submitting effective problem reports.
There are many sources of information about FreeBSD; some are + included with this distribution, while others are available + on-line or in print versions.
A number of other files provide more specific information
+ about this release distribution. These files are
+ provided in various formats. Most distributions will include
+ both ASCII text (.TXT
) and HTML
+ (.HTM
) renditions. Some distributions
+ may also include other formats such as Portable Document
+ Format (.PDF
).
README.TXT
: This file, which
+ gives some general information about FreeBSD as well as
+ some cursory notes about obtaining a
+ distribution.
RELNOTES.TXT
: The release
+ notes, showing what's new and different in FreeBSD
+ 11.3-RELEASE compared to the previous release (FreeBSD
+ 11.2-RELEASE).
HARDWARE.TXT
: The hardware
+ compatibility list, showing devices with which FreeBSD has
+ been tested and is known to work.
ERRATA.TXT
: Release errata.
+ Late-breaking, post-release information can be found in
+ this file, which is principally applicable to releases
+ (as opposed to snapshots). It is important to consult
+ this file before installing a release of FreeBSD, as it
+ contains the latest information on problems which have
+ been found and fixed since the release was
+ created.
On platforms that support bsdinstall(8) (currently + amd64, i386, pc98, and sparc64), + these documents are generally available via the Documentation + menu during installation. Once the system is installed, you + can revisit this menu by re-running the bsdinstall(8) + utility.
It is extremely important to read the errata for any
+ given release before installing it, to learn about any
+ “late-breaking news” or post-release problems.
+ The errata file accompanying each release (most likely right
+ next to this file) is already out of date by definition, but
+ other copies are kept updated on the Internet and should be
+ consulted as the “current errata” for this
+ release. These other copies of the errata are located at
+ ../../../../releases/
+ (as well as any sites which keep up-to-date mirrors of this
+ location).
As with almost all UNIX® like operating systems, FreeBSD + comes with a set of on-line manual pages, accessed through the + man(1) command or through the hypertext + manual pages gateway on the FreeBSD Web site. In + general, the manual pages provide information on the different + commands and APIs available to the FreeBSD user.
In some cases, manual pages are written to give + information on particular topics. Notable examples of such + manual pages are tuning(7) (a guide to performance + tuning), security(7) (an introduction to FreeBSD security), + and style(9) (a style guide to kernel coding).
Two highly-useful collections of FreeBSD-related information,
+ maintained by the FreeBSD Project,
+ are the FreeBSD Handbook and FreeBSD FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions
+ document). On-line versions of the Handbook and FAQ are always
+ available from the FreeBSD Documentation
+ page or its mirrors. If you install the
+ doc
distribution set, you can use a Web
+ browser to read the Handbook and FAQ locally. In particular,
+ note that the Handbook contains a step-by-step guide to
+ installing FreeBSD.
A number of on-line books and articles, also maintained by
+ the FreeBSD Project, cover more-specialized, FreeBSD-related topics.
+ This material spans a wide range of topics, from effective use
+ of the mailing lists, to dual-booting FreeBSD with other
+ operating systems, to guidelines for new committers. Like the
+ Handbook and FAQ, these documents are available from the FreeBSD
+ Documentation Page or in the doc
+ distribution set.
A listing of other books and documents about FreeBSD can be + found in the bibliography + of the FreeBSD Handbook. Because of FreeBSD's strong UNIX® + heritage, many other articles and books written for UNIX® + systems are applicable as well, some of which are also listed + in the bibliography.
FreeBSD represents the cumulative work of many hundreds, if not + thousands, of individuals from around the world who have worked + countless hours to bring about this release. For + a complete list of FreeBSD developers and contributors, please see + “Contributors + to FreeBSD” on the FreeBSD Web site or any of its + mirrors.
Special thanks also go to the many thousands of FreeBSD users + and testers all over the world, without whom this release + simply would not have been possible.
This file, and other release-related documents, + can be downloaded from https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/.
For questions about FreeBSD, read the + documentation before + contacting <questions@FreeBSD.org>.
All users of FreeBSD 11.3-STABLE should + subscribe to the <stable@FreeBSD.org> + mailing list.
For questions about this documentation, + e-mail <doc@FreeBSD.org>.
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